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• 1. [Article] Physical Versus Harvest Based Measures of Capacity: The Case of the UK Vessel Capacity Unit System

  The FAO International Plan of Action on the management of fishing capacity calls for all member states to provide estimates of the total capacity of their fleets by 2001. In the UK, a “capacity” measurement ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Physical Versus Harvest Based Measures of Capacity: The Case of the UK Vessel Capacity Unit System Author: Pascoe, Sean, Mardle, Simon, Coglan, Louise Year: 2001 The FAO International Plan of Action on the management of fishing capacity calls for all member states to provide estimates of the total capacity of their fleets by 2001. In the UK, a “capacity” measurement system is currently in place, based on vessel size and engine power. An assumption is made that this measure is related to the harvesting ability of the fleet, and is the basis of the existing capacity reduction programs. In this paper, the harvesting capacity of a sample of UK otter trawls and netter-liners is estimated using data envelopment analysis (DEA). Estimates are made on a species by species basis for the key species harvested. These are compared to the existing measures of physical capacity. Implications for capacity management based on the physical measures, given the results, are drawn. Title: Physical Versus Harvest Based Measures of Capacity: The Case of the UK Vessel Capacity Unit System Author: Pascoe, Sean, Mardle, Simon, Coglan, Louise Year: 2001 The FAO International Plan of Action on the management of fishing capacity calls for all member states to provide estimates of the total capacity of their fleets by 2001. In the UK, a “capacity” measurement system is currently in place, based on vessel size and engine power. An assumption is made that this measure is related to the harvesting ability of the fleet, and is the basis of the existing capacity reduction programs. In this paper, the harvesting capacity of a sample of UK otter trawls and netter-liners is estimated using data envelopment analysis (DEA). Estimates are made on a species by species basis for the key species harvested. These are compared to the existing measures of physical capacity. Implications for capacity management based on the physical measures, given the results, are drawn. Close

• 2. [Article] Findings of Two Recent U.S. Reports on Excess Harvesting Capacity in Federally Managed Commercial Fisheries

  NOAA’s National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) recently completed two reports on excess harvesting capacity, National Assessment of Excess Harvesting Capacity in Federally Managed Commercial Fisheries ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Findings of Two Recent U.S. Reports on Excess Harvesting Capacity in Federally Managed Commercial Fisheries Author: Terry, Joseph, Pan, Minling NOAA’s National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) recently completed two reports on excess harvesting capacity, National Assessment of Excess Harvesting Capacity in Federally Managed Commercial Fisheries and Excess Harvesting Capacity in U.S. Fisheries: A Report to Congress. This paper presents the definitions of harvesting capacity, excess capacity, and overcapacity used in the two reports; summarizes the method used to estimate harvesting capacity; and presents some of the findings and policy recommendations in the two reports. The National Assessment was used in preparing the Report to Congress. The Report to Congress includes harvesting capacity assessments for 25 fisheries, 60 fleets, and 127 species groups; identifies and described the fisheries with the most severe examples of excess harvesting capacity; and discusses measures to reduce excess harvesting capacity. Title: Findings of Two Recent U.S. Reports on Excess Harvesting Capacity in Federally Managed Commercial Fisheries Author: Terry, Joseph, Pan, Minling NOAA’s National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) recently completed two reports on excess harvesting capacity, National Assessment of Excess Harvesting Capacity in Federally Managed Commercial Fisheries and Excess Harvesting Capacity in U.S. Fisheries: A Report to Congress. This paper presents the definitions of harvesting capacity, excess capacity, and overcapacity used in the two reports; summarizes the method used to estimate harvesting capacity; and presents some of the findings and policy recommendations in the two reports. The National Assessment was used in preparing the Report to Congress. The Report to Congress includes harvesting capacity assessments for 25 fisheries, 60 fleets, and 127 species groups; identifies and described the fisheries with the most severe examples of excess harvesting capacity; and discusses measures to reduce excess harvesting capacity. Close

• 3. [Article] Production Structure and Capacity Utilisation in Multi Product Industries: An Application to the Basque Trawl Industry

  Research Paper

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Production Structure and Capacity Utilisation in Multi Product Industries: An Application to the Basque Trawl Industry Author: Lazkano, Itziar Research Paper Title: Production Structure and Capacity Utilisation in Multi Product Industries: An Application to the Basque Trawl Industry Author: Lazkano, Itziar Research Paper Close

• 4. [Article] Measuring capacity and capacity utilization of the Eastern Mediterranean purse seine fleet

  Abstract only.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Measuring capacity and capacity utilization of the Eastern Mediterranean purse seine fleet Author: Wattage, Premachandra, Maravelioas, Christos, Tsitsika, Efthymia Abstract only. Title: Measuring capacity and capacity utilization of the Eastern Mediterranean purse seine fleet Author: Wattage, Premachandra, Maravelioas, Christos, Tsitsika, Efthymia Abstract only. Close

• 5. [Article] Stochastic Characterization of Highway Capacity and Its Applications

  Highway capacity has traditionally been treated as deterministic. In reality, however, capacity can vary from time to time and location to location due to inclement weather, various driving behavior, traffic ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Stochastic Characterization of Highway Capacity and Its Applications Author: Dong, Shangjia Highway capacity has traditionally been treated as deterministic. In reality, however, capacity can vary from time to time and location to location due to inclement weather, various driving behavior, traffic incident, bottleneck and workzone. This thesis aims to characterize the stochastic variations of highway capacity, and explore its applications. The stochastic variation of highway capacity is captured through a space-time Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (STARIMA) model. It is identified following a Seasonal STARIMA model (0,0,2₃ )× (0,1,0)₂, which indicates that the capacities of adjacent locations are spatially-temporally correlated. Hourly capacity patterns further verify the stochastic nature of highway capacity. The goal of this research is to study (1) how to take advantage of second order information, such as capacity variation, and (2) what benefits can be gained from stochastic capacity modeling. The implication of stochastic capacity is investigated through a ramp metering case study. A mean-standard deviation formulation of capacity is proposed to achieve the trade-off between traffic operation efficiency and robustness. Following that, a modified stochastic capacity-constraint ZONE ramp metering scheme embedded cell transmission model (CTM) algorithm is introduced. The numerical experiment suggests that considering second order information would alleviate the bottleneck effect and improve throughput. Monte Carlo simulation further supports this argument. This study helps verify and characterize the stochastic nature of capacity, validates the benefits of using second order information, and thus enhances the necessity of implementing stochastic capacity in traffic operation. In addition, this thesis presents a multiple days' highway capacity forecasting model and reveals the importance of incorporating capacity randomness separately in short term forecasting. Empirical observations of capacity with variations suggest that the existing deterministic notion of capacity (i.e., a fixed capacity value of 2400 veh/hr/ln) is inadequate to fully describe capacity fluctuations. The goal of this study is to provide insight on forecasting with inherent stochasticity. A hybrid highway capacity forecasting model based on wavelet dynamic neural time series is proposed. Based on 5-day capacity forecasting results, a 3.07% of Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) demonstrates improved performance against single models. This is achieved by its ability to capture the details and solve a nonlinear time series problem with a dynamic neural network. Following the results, the study concludes with a discussion on why the individual modeling of stochastic information influences the forecasting performance. Title: Stochastic Characterization of Highway Capacity and Its Applications Author: Dong, Shangjia Highway capacity has traditionally been treated as deterministic. In reality, however, capacity can vary from time to time and location to location due to inclement weather, various driving behavior, traffic incident, bottleneck and workzone. This thesis aims to characterize the stochastic variations of highway capacity, and explore its applications. The stochastic variation of highway capacity is captured through a space-time Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (STARIMA) model. It is identified following a Seasonal STARIMA model (0,0,2₃ )× (0,1,0)₂, which indicates that the capacities of adjacent locations are spatially-temporally correlated. Hourly capacity patterns further verify the stochastic nature of highway capacity. The goal of this research is to study (1) how to take advantage of second order information, such as capacity variation, and (2) what benefits can be gained from stochastic capacity modeling. The implication of stochastic capacity is investigated through a ramp metering case study. A mean-standard deviation formulation of capacity is proposed to achieve the trade-off between traffic operation efficiency and robustness. Following that, a modified stochastic capacity-constraint ZONE ramp metering scheme embedded cell transmission model (CTM) algorithm is introduced. The numerical experiment suggests that considering second order information would alleviate the bottleneck effect and improve throughput. Monte Carlo simulation further supports this argument. This study helps verify and characterize the stochastic nature of capacity, validates the benefits of using second order information, and thus enhances the necessity of implementing stochastic capacity in traffic operation. In addition, this thesis presents a multiple days' highway capacity forecasting model and reveals the importance of incorporating capacity randomness separately in short term forecasting. Empirical observations of capacity with variations suggest that the existing deterministic notion of capacity (i.e., a fixed capacity value of 2400 veh/hr/ln) is inadequate to fully describe capacity fluctuations. The goal of this study is to provide insight on forecasting with inherent stochasticity. A hybrid highway capacity forecasting model based on wavelet dynamic neural time series is proposed. Based on 5-day capacity forecasting results, a 3.07% of Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) demonstrates improved performance against single models. This is achieved by its ability to capture the details and solve a nonlinear time series problem with a dynamic neural network. Following the results, the study concludes with a discussion on why the individual modeling of stochastic information influences the forecasting performance. Close

• 6. [Article] Capacity and Factors Affecting Capacity Utilization of Marine Fisheries: A Case of Gill-net Fleet in the Bay of Bengal

  presentation

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Capacity and Factors Affecting Capacity Utilization of Marine Fisheries: A Case of Gill-net Fleet in the Bay of Bengal Author: Alam, Ferdous, Khan, Md Akhtaruzzaman, Guttormsen, Atle presentation Title: Capacity and Factors Affecting Capacity Utilization of Marine Fisheries: A Case of Gill-net Fleet in the Bay of Bengal Author: Alam, Ferdous, Khan, Md Akhtaruzzaman, Guttormsen, Atle presentation Close

• 7. [Article] Capacity Analysis and Fishery Policy: Theory vs Practice

  Research Paper

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Capacity Analysis and Fishery Policy: Theory vs Practice Author: Pascoe, Sean Research Paper Title: Capacity Analysis and Fishery Policy: Theory vs Practice Author: Pascoe, Sean Research Paper Close

• 8. [Article] Capacity and Non-Compliance in A Quota Regulated Fishery

  Abstract only.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Capacity and Non-Compliance in A Quota Regulated Fishery Author: Nøstbakken, Linda, Lazkano, Itziar Abstract only. Title: Capacity and Non-Compliance in A Quota Regulated Fishery Author: Nøstbakken, Linda, Lazkano, Itziar Abstract only. Close

• 9. [Article] Measuring Capacity of the New England Otter Trawl Fleet

  Measurement of capacity in marine fisheries is an important activity. An economic definition of capacity is the output level corresponding to the tangency between the long-run and short-run average cost ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Measuring Capacity of the New England Otter Trawl Fleet Author: Kirkley, James, Walden, John B. Year: 2001 Measurement of capacity in marine fisheries is an important activity. An economic definition of capacity is the output level corresponding to the tangency between the long-run and short-run average cost curves. A technological-engineering definition is the maximum output per unit of time provided variable inputs are unrestricted. Although cost data to support an economic measurement of capacity in fisheries are not routinely available, data are typically available to support the technologicalengineering measure of capacity. Our paper provides an assessment of the technological-engineering concept of capacity in the New England multispecies otter trawl fishing fleet. Based on Färe et al. (1994), we calculate capacity using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), a non-parametric technique which utilizes linear programming methods to evaluate the performance of individual firms. DEA is ideally suited to assess capacity in fisheries because it easily accommodates multiple output-multiple input technologies. The New England otter trawl fleet was used as a study fleet because it has a multi-product nature, and is comprised of a wide variety of vessel types and sizes. Title: Measuring Capacity of the New England Otter Trawl Fleet Author: Kirkley, James, Walden, John B. Year: 2001 Measurement of capacity in marine fisheries is an important activity. An economic definition of capacity is the output level corresponding to the tangency between the long-run and short-run average cost curves. A technological-engineering definition is the maximum output per unit of time provided variable inputs are unrestricted. Although cost data to support an economic measurement of capacity in fisheries are not routinely available, data are typically available to support the technologicalengineering measure of capacity. Our paper provides an assessment of the technological-engineering concept of capacity in the New England multispecies otter trawl fishing fleet. Based on Färe et al. (1994), we calculate capacity using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), a non-parametric technique which utilizes linear programming methods to evaluate the performance of individual firms. DEA is ideally suited to assess capacity in fisheries because it easily accommodates multiple output-multiple input technologies. The New England otter trawl fleet was used as a study fleet because it has a multi-product nature, and is comprised of a wide variety of vessel types and sizes. Close

• 10. [Article] Estimating Heterogeneous Primal Capacity and Capacity Utilization Measures in a Multi-Species Fishery

  Research Paper

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Estimating Heterogeneous Primal Capacity and Capacity Utilization Measures in a Multi-Species Fishery Author: Felthoven, Ronald, Schnier, Kurt Research Paper Title: Estimating Heterogeneous Primal Capacity and Capacity Utilization Measures in a Multi-Species Fishery Author: Felthoven, Ronald, Schnier, Kurt Research Paper Close

• 11. [Article] Capacity, Excess Capacity, and Fisheries Management

  Excess capacity results because fishermen do not have an incentive to conserve fish in-the-sea causing them to overinvest in the capital used to harvest fish as well as other production or factor inputs. ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Capacity, Excess Capacity, and Fisheries Management Author: Ward, John Year: 2001 Excess capacity results because fishermen do not have an incentive to conserve fish in-the-sea causing them to overinvest in the capital used to harvest fish as well as other production or factor inputs. Excess 1 capacity like overcapitalization and overfishing is a symptom of our regulated, open access fishery management system. Because capacity has been an ill-defined term in the fisheries literature, it has been poorly understood by fisheries managers. Excess capacity exists in a fishery when the yield from the fishery exceeds the point where net benefits to society are at a maximum; i.e., once maximum economic yield (MEY) is exceeded. Since MEY often occurs before maximum sustainable yield (MSY) is achieved in a developing fishery, excess capacity already exists in a fishery with a fully utilized fish stock. Even where barriers to entry exist in a fishery, such as exclusive economic zones (EEZs), permit moratoriums, or transferable licenses, fishermen who participate in the fishery retain a market incentive to race for the fish since no property rights exist for the in situ marine resource; i.e., the fish-in-the-sea. While the adverse effects of excessive capacity levels have become too obvious and severe to ignore,2 they can be corrected. With economically rational fisheries management, fishermen behave as if a private property right exists for the in situ marine resource. This creates a market incentive for fishermen to conserve the fish stock by divesting capital and other factor inputs needed to harvest fish until the yield from the fishery corresponds to MEY, the fish stock is conserved, and excess capacity in the fishery is eliminated. Achieving this objective is a matter of great debate. Without an unbiased and objective capacity measurement metric, the success or failure of regulations designed to reduce capacity cannot be accurately assessed. Title: Capacity, Excess Capacity, and Fisheries Management Author: Ward, John Year: 2001 Excess capacity results because fishermen do not have an incentive to conserve fish in-the-sea causing them to overinvest in the capital used to harvest fish as well as other production or factor inputs. Excess 1 capacity like overcapitalization and overfishing is a symptom of our regulated, open access fishery management system. Because capacity has been an ill-defined term in the fisheries literature, it has been poorly understood by fisheries managers. Excess capacity exists in a fishery when the yield from the fishery exceeds the point where net benefits to society are at a maximum; i.e., once maximum economic yield (MEY) is exceeded. Since MEY often occurs before maximum sustainable yield (MSY) is achieved in a developing fishery, excess capacity already exists in a fishery with a fully utilized fish stock. Even where barriers to entry exist in a fishery, such as exclusive economic zones (EEZs), permit moratoriums, or transferable licenses, fishermen who participate in the fishery retain a market incentive to race for the fish since no property rights exist for the in situ marine resource; i.e., the fish-in-the-sea. While the adverse effects of excessive capacity levels have become too obvious and severe to ignore,2 they can be corrected. With economically rational fisheries management, fishermen behave as if a private property right exists for the in situ marine resource. This creates a market incentive for fishermen to conserve the fish stock by divesting capital and other factor inputs needed to harvest fish until the yield from the fishery corresponds to MEY, the fish stock is conserved, and excess capacity in the fishery is eliminated. Achieving this objective is a matter of great debate. Without an unbiased and objective capacity measurement metric, the success or failure of regulations designed to reduce capacity cannot be accurately assessed. Close

• 12. [Article] Privatization and Regulation of Capacity in a Multi-product Fishery: A Purse from a Sow's Ear?

  Using individual firm data from before and after the introduction of ITQs in the multi-species Nova Scotia mobile gear fishery, data envelopment analysis (DEA) is used to examine issues relating to capacity ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Privatization and Regulation of Capacity in a Multi-product Fishery: A Purse from a Sow's Ear? Author: Grafton, R. Quentin, Squires, Dale, Dupont, Diane P., Kirkley, James Year: 2001 Using individual firm data from before and after the introduction of ITQs in the multi-species Nova Scotia mobile gear fishery, data envelopment analysis (DEA) is used to examine issues relating to capacity and capacity utilization. The paper examines how a change in the property rights regime can affect a multi-product industry and the consequences of these changes in terms of product-specific capacity utilization, as well as aggregate capacity utilization. The results provide insights to regulators interested in using market-based approaches to improve efficiency in multi-product industries. Title: Privatization and Regulation of Capacity in a Multi-product Fishery: A Purse from a Sow's Ear? Author: Grafton, R. Quentin, Squires, Dale, Dupont, Diane P., Kirkley, James Year: 2001 Using individual firm data from before and after the introduction of ITQs in the multi-species Nova Scotia mobile gear fishery, data envelopment analysis (DEA) is used to examine issues relating to capacity and capacity utilization. The paper examines how a change in the property rights regime can affect a multi-product industry and the consequences of these changes in terms of product-specific capacity utilization, as well as aggregate capacity utilization. The results provide insights to regulators interested in using market-based approaches to improve efficiency in multi-product industries. Close

• 13. [Article] Capacity utilization and inflation : international evidence

  The relevance of domestic and foreign capacity utilization rates in forecasting future inflation rate has been investigated empirically, using five industrialized countries for which the comparable data ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Capacity utilization and inflation : international evidence Author: Padungrat, Teardchart The relevance of domestic and foreign capacity utilization rates in forecasting future inflation rate has been investigated empirically, using five industrialized countries for which the comparable data are available. It has been found that capacity utilization rates, both domestic and foreign, have a long run stable relationship with domestic inflation rate and a positive shock in the capacity utilization rate results in a significant, although a little bit delayed, acceleration in the domestic inflation rate. Various econometric techniques have been used and led to consistent empirical findings. The results in the present study, therefore, dispute the claim that an increase in capacity utilization rate may not necessarily lead to an accelerated inflation down the road. Title: Capacity utilization and inflation : international evidence Author: Padungrat, Teardchart The relevance of domestic and foreign capacity utilization rates in forecasting future inflation rate has been investigated empirically, using five industrialized countries for which the comparable data are available. It has been found that capacity utilization rates, both domestic and foreign, have a long run stable relationship with domestic inflation rate and a positive shock in the capacity utilization rate results in a significant, although a little bit delayed, acceleration in the domestic inflation rate. Various econometric techniques have been used and led to consistent empirical findings. The results in the present study, therefore, dispute the claim that an increase in capacity utilization rate may not necessarily lead to an accelerated inflation down the road. Close

• 14. [Article] Economic and physical measures of capacity: A comparative analysis of Danish trawlers

  Research Paper

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Economic and physical measures of capacity: A comparative analysis of Danish trawlers Author: Lindebo, Erik, Hoff, Ayoe, Vestergaard, Niels Research Paper Title: Economic and physical measures of capacity: A comparative analysis of Danish trawlers Author: Lindebo, Erik, Hoff, Ayoe, Vestergaard, Niels Research Paper Close

• 15. [Article] Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA): A Framework for Assessing Capacity in Fisheries When Data are Limited

  The Sustainable Fisheries Act (SFA) and Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries Management require restoration of fishery resources and a matching of capacity to desired resource levels. There is, thus, ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA): A Framework for Assessing Capacity in Fisheries When Data are Limited Author: Squires, Dale, Kirkley, James L., Fare, Rolf, Grosskopf, Shawna Year: 2001 The Sustainable Fisheries Act (SFA) and Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries Management require restoration of fishery resources and a matching of capacity to desired resource levels. There is, thus, a need to reduce harvesting capacity throughout many of the fisheries of the world. Yet, even the term capacity is not well defined, and it is even more complicated to measure. In this paper, we introduce several definitions and measures of capacity that are consistent with economic theory and empirical analyses. Since economic data on production activities are usually unavailable, we introduce the concept of data envelopment analysis (DEA) which may be used to calculate a physical or primal-based concept of capacity in fisheries. We initially introduce DEA and dispel many of the myths believed to be problems of DEA. We discuss how DEA may be used to calculate capacity in single and multiple-species fisheries. We Title: Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA): A Framework for Assessing Capacity in Fisheries When Data are Limited Author: Squires, Dale, Kirkley, James L., Fare, Rolf, Grosskopf, Shawna Year: 2001 The Sustainable Fisheries Act (SFA) and Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries Management require restoration of fishery resources and a matching of capacity to desired resource levels. There is, thus, a need to reduce harvesting capacity throughout many of the fisheries of the world. Yet, even the term capacity is not well defined, and it is even more complicated to measure. In this paper, we introduce several definitions and measures of capacity that are consistent with economic theory and empirical analyses. Since economic data on production activities are usually unavailable, we introduce the concept of data envelopment analysis (DEA) which may be used to calculate a physical or primal-based concept of capacity in fisheries. We initially introduce DEA and dispel many of the myths believed to be problems of DEA. We discuss how DEA may be used to calculate capacity in single and multiple-species fisheries. We Close

• 16. [Article] The Capacity Ratio as a Measure of Solvency in Experiential Education

  This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by the American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy (AACP) and can be found at: http://www.ajpe.org/.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The Capacity Ratio as a Measure of Solvency in Experiential Education Author: Weber, Stanley, Ramirez, Juancho, Krueger, Janelle, Danielson, Jennifer, Hudgins, Gayle A., Christensen, Lindsay, Harshberger, Cara A., Rice, Luke This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by the American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy (AACP) and can be found at: http://www.ajpe.org/. Title: The Capacity Ratio as a Measure of Solvency in Experiential Education Author: Weber, Stanley, Ramirez, Juancho, Krueger, Janelle, Danielson, Jennifer, Hudgins, Gayle A., Christensen, Lindsay, Harshberger, Cara A., Rice, Luke This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by the American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy (AACP) and can be found at: http://www.ajpe.org/. Close

• 17. [Article] Assessing Short-run and Medium-run Fishing Capacity at the Industry Level and Its Reallocation

  Reducing harvesting capacity in fisheries is of international importance. In 1999, member nations of the United Nations Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) agreed to an International Plan of Action ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Assessing Short-run and Medium-run Fishing Capacity at the Industry Level and Its Reallocation Author: Kerstens, Kristiaan, Squires, Dale, Grosskopf, Shawna, Fare, Rolf, Kirkley, James E. Year: 2001 Reducing harvesting capacity in fisheries is of international importance. In 1999, member nations of the United Nations Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) agreed to an International Plan of Action to reduce fishing capacity. Two initial concerns were the acceptance of a workable definition of capacity and the development of methods to calculate capacity. FAO subsequently offered several definitions of capacity. A general definition of capacity is the output level over a given time period that a fishing fleet could expect to catch if the variable inputs are utilized under normal operating conditions given resource levels, technology, and other constraints. Concurrently, however, FAO and representatives of the member nations expressed concerns about reducing capacity at the national level (i.e., a reallocation of capital, labor, and other inputs) and with respect to both the short and long-run. In this paper, we present a possible approach for determining capacity at a more aggregate level than the vessel (e.g., fishery or region) with respect to the short and intermediate-run, and the allocation of fixed and variable inputs across different fisheries and regions. We extend one approach to measuring capacity of a firm to the case of an industry. Based on extensions of this specification, existing capacities are no longer fixed, but may be scaled up or down at will subject to a constant returns to scale technology. This allows for exploring plausible medium-term technological configurations at the industry level. Title: Assessing Short-run and Medium-run Fishing Capacity at the Industry Level and Its Reallocation Author: Kerstens, Kristiaan, Squires, Dale, Grosskopf, Shawna, Fare, Rolf, Kirkley, James E. Year: 2001 Reducing harvesting capacity in fisheries is of international importance. In 1999, member nations of the United Nations Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) agreed to an International Plan of Action to reduce fishing capacity. Two initial concerns were the acceptance of a workable definition of capacity and the development of methods to calculate capacity. FAO subsequently offered several definitions of capacity. A general definition of capacity is the output level over a given time period that a fishing fleet could expect to catch if the variable inputs are utilized under normal operating conditions given resource levels, technology, and other constraints. Concurrently, however, FAO and representatives of the member nations expressed concerns about reducing capacity at the national level (i.e., a reallocation of capital, labor, and other inputs) and with respect to both the short and long-run. In this paper, we present a possible approach for determining capacity at a more aggregate level than the vessel (e.g., fishery or region) with respect to the short and intermediate-run, and the allocation of fixed and variable inputs across different fisheries and regions. We extend one approach to measuring capacity of a firm to the case of an industry. Based on extensions of this specification, existing capacities are no longer fixed, but may be scaled up or down at will subject to a constant returns to scale technology. This allows for exploring plausible medium-term technological configurations at the industry level. Close

• 18. [Article] Measures of Excess Capacity

  Excess capacity or capacity utilization measures are presented in the multi-output case. Such measures can be either technical or economic. They may also be ray measures or revenue measures. The choice ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Measures of Excess Capacity Author: Primont, Daniel Year: 2001 Excess capacity or capacity utilization measures are presented in the multi-output case. Such measures can be either technical or economic. They may also be ray measures or revenue measures. The choice of the best measure depends on data availability and the policy use of the measure. Title: Measures of Excess Capacity Author: Primont, Daniel Year: 2001 Excess capacity or capacity utilization measures are presented in the multi-output case. Such measures can be either technical or economic. They may also be ray measures or revenue measures. The choice of the best measure depends on data availability and the policy use of the measure. Close

• 19. [Article] Characterization of community capacity in a forest-dependent community : the case of the Haut-St.-Maurice

  In recent years, economic, social, technological, and environmental changes have all imposed challenges on forest-based communities. This has revived interest in studying these communities to understand ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Characterization of community capacity in a forest-dependent community : the case of the Haut-St.-Maurice Author: Nadeau, Solange, 1967- In recent years, economic, social, technological, and environmental changes have all imposed challenges on forest-based communities. This has revived interest in studying these communities to understand their ability to tackle these challenges. This study is built around a case study of an industrial forest-based community and aims at characterizing the community's ability to deal with change. A review of the literature documented the evolution of the frameworks used to examine forest communities and guided the choice of a framework. This case study analysis focuses on community capacity and the research follows two avenues: documenting the evolution of community capacity over time, and assessing residents' opinions on major issues challenging their community's capacity. A mix of qualitative and quantitative research methods was used to address these questions. Interviews were used to document the evolution of community capacity. They reveal how community capacity was built through community empowerment with regard to social capital and infrastructure development. They also shed light on the constraining effects that stagnant human capital and institutional management arrangements for public lands had on this capacity. The interviews identified issues challenging the current capacity of the community. A series of questions about these issues was then presented to local residents by means of a mail survey. The survey assessed residents' attitudes and provided information about the degree of agreement within the community on issues associated with community capacity. It reveals the responsiveness of groups within the community, and highlights concerns expressed by specific groups regarding the hurdles faced either by the community or by themselves in building community capacity. Title: Characterization of community capacity in a forest-dependent community : the case of the Haut-St.-Maurice Author: Nadeau, Solange, 1967- In recent years, economic, social, technological, and environmental changes have all imposed challenges on forest-based communities. This has revived interest in studying these communities to understand their ability to tackle these challenges. This study is built around a case study of an industrial forest-based community and aims at characterizing the community's ability to deal with change. A review of the literature documented the evolution of the frameworks used to examine forest communities and guided the choice of a framework. This case study analysis focuses on community capacity and the research follows two avenues: documenting the evolution of community capacity over time, and assessing residents' opinions on major issues challenging their community's capacity. A mix of qualitative and quantitative research methods was used to address these questions. Interviews were used to document the evolution of community capacity. They reveal how community capacity was built through community empowerment with regard to social capital and infrastructure development. They also shed light on the constraining effects that stagnant human capital and institutional management arrangements for public lands had on this capacity. The interviews identified issues challenging the current capacity of the community. A series of questions about these issues was then presented to local residents by means of a mail survey. The survey assessed residents' attitudes and provided information about the degree of agreement within the community on issues associated with community capacity. It reveals the responsiveness of groups within the community, and highlights concerns expressed by specific groups regarding the hurdles faced either by the community or by themselves in building community capacity. Close

• 20. [Article] Predicting Capacity of Hard Carbon Anodes in Sodium-Ion Batteries Using Porosity Measurements

  This is an author's peer-reviewed final manuscript, as accepted by the publisher. The published article is copyrighted by Elsevier and can be found at: http://www.journals.elsevier.com/carbon/.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Predicting Capacity of Hard Carbon Anodes in Sodium-Ion Batteries Using Porosity Measurements Author: Gao, Wen-Yang, Ji, Xiulei, Bommier, Clement, Greaney, Alex, Luo, Wei, Ma, Shengqian This is an author's peer-reviewed final manuscript, as accepted by the publisher. The published article is copyrighted by Elsevier and can be found at: http://www.journals.elsevier.com/carbon/. Title: Predicting Capacity of Hard Carbon Anodes in Sodium-Ion Batteries Using Porosity Measurements Author: Gao, Wen-Yang, Ji, Xiulei, Bommier, Clement, Greaney, Alex, Luo, Wei, Ma, Shengqian This is an author's peer-reviewed final manuscript, as accepted by the publisher. The published article is copyrighted by Elsevier and can be found at: http://www.journals.elsevier.com/carbon/. Close

• 21. [Article] Capacity Measurement and Policy Simulation of Fishery Industry in Japan

  Abstract only.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Capacity Measurement and Policy Simulation of Fishery Industry in Japan Author: Managi, Shunsuke Abstract only. Title: Capacity Measurement and Policy Simulation of Fishery Industry in Japan Author: Managi, Shunsuke Abstract only. Close

• 22. [Article] Dynamic investment and pricing decisions for municipal sewerage

  The capacity expansion investment decisions on the provision of municipal sewerage are the central aspects of this analysis. The purpose is to present a methodology, utilizing a dynamic demand and supply ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Dynamic investment and pricing decisions for municipal sewerage Author: Hanson, Kenneth Allen The capacity expansion investment decisions on the provision of municipal sewerage are the central aspects of this analysis. The purpose is to present a methodology, utilizing a dynamic demand and supply model of sewerage, for recommending a set of values for the investment and pricing decision variables. The outcome of the investment decisions is an economically efficient time sequence of capacity expansions. The pricing decisions involves a departure from an economically efficient set of user charges, i.e. from marginal cost pricing. The model consists of a cost function, i.e. amount of capacity and variable operating factors used per period times price; a set of production process equations transforming influent to effluent water quality standards; and a set of factors affecting influent, cost, and production. The factors taken into consideration are: Economies of size in capacity expansion costs, technological change, inflation, deterioration of capacity and economic life of capacity, discounting to present value, time horizon of model, changes in effluent water quality standards, and changes in the flow of influent due to an increase in users, price elasticity of the flow of influent and changes in water consumptive habits, formation of substitutes through technological change, as well as rainstorm drainage and infiltration. It is the investment decisions on timing of capacity expansions and mix of capacity types in each expansion which are of concern. These investment decisions must be considered simultaneously with those on economic amortization of capacity expansion costs and economic life of capacity, as well as use of, variable operating factors in the production process. Furthermore consideration for pricing in terms of user charges is given. By simultaneously solving a set of necessary marginal conditions associated with the investment decision variables and use of variable operating factors, the timing of capacity expansions and mix of capacity types in each expansion may be derived. With the existence of several capacity types, several variable operating factors, numerous feasible times for a capacity expansion, and a set of complex equations representing the production process; the use of a simulation analysis is imperative. Formulation of a simulation model should be on the basis of the equations developed in this analysis. Though the values of the decision variables resulting from a Simulation analysis may not be optimal, i.e. minimize present value cost subject to a production output constraint, the present value cost for a set of feasible time sequence of capacity expansions may be compared under various influent, cost, and production conditions. Title: Dynamic investment and pricing decisions for municipal sewerage Author: Hanson, Kenneth Allen The capacity expansion investment decisions on the provision of municipal sewerage are the central aspects of this analysis. The purpose is to present a methodology, utilizing a dynamic demand and supply model of sewerage, for recommending a set of values for the investment and pricing decision variables. The outcome of the investment decisions is an economically efficient time sequence of capacity expansions. The pricing decisions involves a departure from an economically efficient set of user charges, i.e. from marginal cost pricing. The model consists of a cost function, i.e. amount of capacity and variable operating factors used per period times price; a set of production process equations transforming influent to effluent water quality standards; and a set of factors affecting influent, cost, and production. The factors taken into consideration are: Economies of size in capacity expansion costs, technological change, inflation, deterioration of capacity and economic life of capacity, discounting to present value, time horizon of model, changes in effluent water quality standards, and changes in the flow of influent due to an increase in users, price elasticity of the flow of influent and changes in water consumptive habits, formation of substitutes through technological change, as well as rainstorm drainage and infiltration. It is the investment decisions on timing of capacity expansions and mix of capacity types in each expansion which are of concern. These investment decisions must be considered simultaneously with those on economic amortization of capacity expansion costs and economic life of capacity, as well as use of, variable operating factors in the production process. Furthermore consideration for pricing in terms of user charges is given. By simultaneously solving a set of necessary marginal conditions associated with the investment decision variables and use of variable operating factors, the timing of capacity expansions and mix of capacity types in each expansion may be derived. With the existence of several capacity types, several variable operating factors, numerous feasible times for a capacity expansion, and a set of complex equations representing the production process; the use of a simulation analysis is imperative. Formulation of a simulation model should be on the basis of the equations developed in this analysis. Though the values of the decision variables resulting from a Simulation analysis may not be optimal, i.e. minimize present value cost subject to a production output constraint, the present value cost for a set of feasible time sequence of capacity expansions may be compared under various influent, cost, and production conditions. Close

• 23. [Article] The effect of spatial configuration of habitat capacity on β diversity

  To the best of our knowledge, one or more authors of this paper were federal employees when contributing to this work. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by the author(s) ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The effect of spatial configuration of habitat capacity on β diversity Author: Olden, J. D., Muneepeerakul, R., Lytle, D. A., Dong, X. To the best of our knowledge, one or more authors of this paper were federal employees when contributing to this work. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by the author(s) and published by the Ecological Society of America. The published article can be found at: http://esajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/hub/journal/10.1002/%28ISSN%292150-8925/ Title: The effect of spatial configuration of habitat capacity on β diversity Author: Olden, J. D., Muneepeerakul, R., Lytle, D. A., Dong, X. To the best of our knowledge, one or more authors of this paper were federal employees when contributing to this work. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by the author(s) and published by the Ecological Society of America. The published article can be found at: http://esajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/hub/journal/10.1002/%28ISSN%292150-8925/ Close

• 24. [Article] Bridge over troubled water : partnerships and the prospect of adaptive capacity among small Oregon coast water systems

  The Oregon Coast's small water systems, like the vast number of small water systems across the U.S., are greatly vulnerable. Failing infrastructure, limited financial capital, and inadequate staff combined ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Bridge over troubled water : partnerships and the prospect of adaptive capacity among small Oregon coast water systems Author: Dennis, Lauren Marie The Oregon Coast's small water systems, like the vast number of small water systems across the U.S., are greatly vulnerable. Failing infrastructure, limited financial capital, and inadequate staff combined with future changes in climate, population size, and regulatory stringency spell out a potentially dire future for the region's water supply and subsequently, its economy. To address small water system vulnerability, partnerships (i.e. regionalized and collaborative approaches to water management and delivery) have received increasing attention as a tool for improving managerial, technical, and financial capacities. But how do these relate to system adaptive capacity, i.e. the ability to respond and adjust to change? In an effort to evaluate regional partnerships and provide guidance to Oregon coastal water system managers as to how to appropriately use it, this study sets out to 1) assess the spectrum of water system partnership types through the framework of adaptive capacity; 2) identify likely drivers and barriers to partnership establishment and ways to overcome them; and 3) assemble recommendations and lessons learned for successful, adaptive capacity-building partnerships. This study suggests that partnerships do in fact increase adaptive capacity, and specifically, that more formalized partnership types (joint powers agencies and consolidations) provide the greatest adaptive capacity characteristics. The number of barriers far outweighed drivers, and recommendations for partnership success converged most commonly around the topic of fair governance. Recommended state actions, opportunities for financing, an evaluation of the adaptive capacity framework, and suggestions for further research are offered. Title: Bridge over troubled water : partnerships and the prospect of adaptive capacity among small Oregon coast water systems Author: Dennis, Lauren Marie The Oregon Coast's small water systems, like the vast number of small water systems across the U.S., are greatly vulnerable. Failing infrastructure, limited financial capital, and inadequate staff combined with future changes in climate, population size, and regulatory stringency spell out a potentially dire future for the region's water supply and subsequently, its economy. To address small water system vulnerability, partnerships (i.e. regionalized and collaborative approaches to water management and delivery) have received increasing attention as a tool for improving managerial, technical, and financial capacities. But how do these relate to system adaptive capacity, i.e. the ability to respond and adjust to change? In an effort to evaluate regional partnerships and provide guidance to Oregon coastal water system managers as to how to appropriately use it, this study sets out to 1) assess the spectrum of water system partnership types through the framework of adaptive capacity; 2) identify likely drivers and barriers to partnership establishment and ways to overcome them; and 3) assemble recommendations and lessons learned for successful, adaptive capacity-building partnerships. This study suggests that partnerships do in fact increase adaptive capacity, and specifically, that more formalized partnership types (joint powers agencies and consolidations) provide the greatest adaptive capacity characteristics. The number of barriers far outweighed drivers, and recommendations for partnership success converged most commonly around the topic of fair governance. Recommended state actions, opportunities for financing, an evaluation of the adaptive capacity framework, and suggestions for further research are offered. Close

• 25. [Article] Memory capacity in switching search strategies: Are low-capacity individuals more susceptible to capture by distractors?

  Lien, Ruthruff, and Naylor (2014) recently reported that switching target search strategies (e.g., from identifying the letter that is uniquely colored [singleton search] to the letter that has a specific ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Memory capacity in switching search strategies: Are low-capacity individuals more susceptible to capture by distractors? Author: Thompson, Lane, Naylor, Jamie Lien, Ruthruff, and Naylor (2014) recently reported that switching target search strategies (e.g., from identifying the letter that is uniquely colored [singleton search] to the letter that has a specific color [feature search] or vice versa) made the attentional system more vulnerable to capture by salient-but-irrelevant objects. In the present study, we examined whether this limitation in the sharpness of attentional control following search strategy switches depends on individual working memory capacity. Similar methods to Lien et al.’s were used except that we measured individual working memory capacity using a change detection task. We found that low-capacity individuals are no more susceptible to capture by distractors while switching search strategies. These results indicate that the inability of attentional control system to rapidly and fully switch between different search settings is not associated with memory capacity. Title: Memory capacity in switching search strategies: Are low-capacity individuals more susceptible to capture by distractors? Author: Thompson, Lane, Naylor, Jamie Lien, Ruthruff, and Naylor (2014) recently reported that switching target search strategies (e.g., from identifying the letter that is uniquely colored [singleton search] to the letter that has a specific color [feature search] or vice versa) made the attentional system more vulnerable to capture by salient-but-irrelevant objects. In the present study, we examined whether this limitation in the sharpness of attentional control following search strategy switches depends on individual working memory capacity. Similar methods to Lien et al.’s were used except that we measured individual working memory capacity using a change detection task. We found that low-capacity individuals are no more susceptible to capture by distractors while switching search strategies. These results indicate that the inability of attentional control system to rapidly and fully switch between different search settings is not associated with memory capacity. Close

• 26. [Article] Fishing Capacity of Georgian Anchovy Fishery

  Abstract only.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Fishing Capacity of Georgian Anchovy Fishery Author: Bilashvili, Kakhaber, García del Hoyo, Juan José, Castilla Espino, David, Metreveli, Maya Abstract only. Title: Fishing Capacity of Georgian Anchovy Fishery Author: Bilashvili, Kakhaber, García del Hoyo, Juan José, Castilla Espino, David, Metreveli, Maya Abstract only. Close

• 27. [Article] The Role of Capacity Regulations in Compliance

  Abstract Only

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The Role of Capacity Regulations in Compliance Author: Nostbakken, Linda, Lazkano, Itziar Abstract Only Title: The Role of Capacity Regulations in Compliance Author: Nostbakken, Linda, Lazkano, Itziar Abstract Only Close

• 28. [Article] Geographic and seasonal variation in photosynthetic efficiency and capacity of Rocky Mountain Douglas-fir, Pseudotsuga menziesii var. glauca

  Net photosynthesis was measured for photosynthetic light efficiency and capacity on two-year-old plants from eight different seed sources in three measurement periods. The measurement periods corresponded ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Geographic and seasonal variation in photosynthetic efficiency and capacity of Rocky Mountain Douglas-fir, Pseudotsuga menziesii var. glauca Author: Pope, Walter William Net photosynthesis was measured for photosynthetic light efficiency and capacity on two-year-old plants from eight different seed sources in three measurement periods. The measurement periods corresponded to the physiological periods 1) prior to bud swelling, 2) after needle elongation, and 3) predormancy. Measurement period differences in both photosynthetic efficiency and capacity were apparent. The pre-bud swelling period had the lowest capacity and efficiency, the pre-dormancy period had the highest capacity and efficiency, and the intermediate period was between the two other periods in capacity and efficiency. Seven seed sources from regions within the Rocky Mountains and one hybrid of Coastal X Arizona origin represented populations from which seedlings were raised and measured. There were no apparent differences with respect to seed-source photosynthetic capacity. There were seed source related differences in photosynthetic light efficiency. The seedlings from the northern Rocky Mountain seed sources had a greater light efficiency than those from the southern-Rocky Mountains. These differences in photosynthetic light efficiency may be linked to summer drought adaption. The Lambert-Beers law type light intensity correction is promising in achieving a better estimate of photosynthetic light efficiency. This light intensity correction is based on the individual plant's morphology, needle number, needle length and needle area. Stomatal conductance was an important covariable in photosynthetic capacity. The light intensity correction and stomatal conductance accentuated seedling differences. This accentuation is viewed as the plant's adapting to the given set of conditions in the growing environment with physiological responses as well as developmental and/Or morphological responses. Title: Geographic and seasonal variation in photosynthetic efficiency and capacity of Rocky Mountain Douglas-fir, Pseudotsuga menziesii var. glauca Author: Pope, Walter William Net photosynthesis was measured for photosynthetic light efficiency and capacity on two-year-old plants from eight different seed sources in three measurement periods. The measurement periods corresponded to the physiological periods 1) prior to bud swelling, 2) after needle elongation, and 3) predormancy. Measurement period differences in both photosynthetic efficiency and capacity were apparent. The pre-bud swelling period had the lowest capacity and efficiency, the pre-dormancy period had the highest capacity and efficiency, and the intermediate period was between the two other periods in capacity and efficiency. Seven seed sources from regions within the Rocky Mountains and one hybrid of Coastal X Arizona origin represented populations from which seedlings were raised and measured. There were no apparent differences with respect to seed-source photosynthetic capacity. There were seed source related differences in photosynthetic light efficiency. The seedlings from the northern Rocky Mountain seed sources had a greater light efficiency than those from the southern-Rocky Mountains. These differences in photosynthetic light efficiency may be linked to summer drought adaption. The Lambert-Beers law type light intensity correction is promising in achieving a better estimate of photosynthetic light efficiency. This light intensity correction is based on the individual plant's morphology, needle number, needle length and needle area. Stomatal conductance was an important covariable in photosynthetic capacity. The light intensity correction and stomatal conductance accentuated seedling differences. This accentuation is viewed as the plant's adapting to the given set of conditions in the growing environment with physiological responses as well as developmental and/Or morphological responses. Close

• 29. [Article] Institutional capacity building through land and water stewardship integration- an analysis of source water protection in Corvallis, Oregon

  Globally, access to safe, reliable drinking water sources is a major challenge of this generation. Protected sources of drinking water provide communities with a sustainable, vital resource, yet many public ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Institutional capacity building through land and water stewardship integration- an analysis of source water protection in Corvallis, Oregon Author: Odom, Olivia Globally, access to safe, reliable drinking water sources is a major challenge of this generation. Protected sources of drinking water provide communities with a sustainable, vital resource, yet many public water suppliers lack legal authority over their source water protection (SWP) area, especially in surface water systems. Absence of legal authority and ownership restricts institutional capacity. In the absence of legal authority and land ownership, strong social capacity supplements weak institutional capacity for SWP. Using a case study approach, this paper presents a national experience survey of municipal approaches to increasing institutional capacity for SWP; details SWP programs of two similar municipalities; uses those findings to inform the creation of a SWP plan in Corvallis, Oregon with particular attention paid to the augmentation of institutional capacity by integration with existing environmental stewardship organizations; compares institutional outcomes; and finds that social capacity maximization is a viable approach to SWP. Title: Institutional capacity building through land and water stewardship integration- an analysis of source water protection in Corvallis, Oregon Author: Odom, Olivia Globally, access to safe, reliable drinking water sources is a major challenge of this generation. Protected sources of drinking water provide communities with a sustainable, vital resource, yet many public water suppliers lack legal authority over their source water protection (SWP) area, especially in surface water systems. Absence of legal authority and ownership restricts institutional capacity. In the absence of legal authority and land ownership, strong social capacity supplements weak institutional capacity for SWP. Using a case study approach, this paper presents a national experience survey of municipal approaches to increasing institutional capacity for SWP; details SWP programs of two similar municipalities; uses those findings to inform the creation of a SWP plan in Corvallis, Oregon with particular attention paid to the augmentation of institutional capacity by integration with existing environmental stewardship organizations; compares institutional outcomes; and finds that social capacity maximization is a viable approach to SWP. Close

• 30. [Article] Unsaturated Soils and Foundation Design : Theoretical Considerations for an Effective Stress Framework

  This study presents the theoretical background necessary to model the bearing capacity of shallow and deep foundations in partially saturated soils. The conventional bearing capacity equations for shallow ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Unsaturated Soils and Foundation Design : Theoretical Considerations for an Effective Stress Framework Author: Baker, Josiah D. This study presents the theoretical background necessary to model the bearing capacity of shallow and deep foundations in partially saturated soils. The conventional bearing capacity equations for shallow and deep foundations and the ?-method for deep foundation side resistance have been modified to include the effects of matric suction and varying water contents according to the effective stress framework. A closed-form solution has been proposed for the bearing capacity equation that modifies the overburden, unit weight, and cohesion terms in the conventional equation. The ?-method has been modified to consider suction stresses along the deep foundation and a reduction in K₀ due to tension cracking near the surface. The modified bearing capacity equation for shallow foundations shows good agreement to load-tests performed in partially saturated soils. Monte Carlo simulations were performed on silt loams, sands, and clays to characterize variance and distribution of bearing capacity. The results show that silts have the largest variance while clays have the smallest variance in predicted bearing capacity. Title: Unsaturated Soils and Foundation Design : Theoretical Considerations for an Effective Stress Framework Author: Baker, Josiah D. This study presents the theoretical background necessary to model the bearing capacity of shallow and deep foundations in partially saturated soils. The conventional bearing capacity equations for shallow and deep foundations and the ?-method for deep foundation side resistance have been modified to include the effects of matric suction and varying water contents according to the effective stress framework. A closed-form solution has been proposed for the bearing capacity equation that modifies the overburden, unit weight, and cohesion terms in the conventional equation. The ?-method has been modified to consider suction stresses along the deep foundation and a reduction in K₀ due to tension cracking near the surface. The modified bearing capacity equation for shallow foundations shows good agreement to load-tests performed in partially saturated soils. Monte Carlo simulations were performed on silt loams, sands, and clays to characterize variance and distribution of bearing capacity. The results show that silts have the largest variance while clays have the smallest variance in predicted bearing capacity. Close

• 31. [Article] Thesis on grazing survey of private lands of Eastern Oregon carrying capacity estimates

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Thesis on grazing survey of private lands of Eastern Oregon carrying capacity estimates Author: Hole, C. Douglas Title: Thesis on grazing survey of private lands of Eastern Oregon carrying capacity estimates Author: Hole, C. Douglas Close

• 32. [Article] Carrying capacity studies of cattle range

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Carrying capacity studies of cattle range Author: Storm, Earl V. Title: Carrying capacity studies of cattle range Author: Storm, Earl V. Close

• 33. [Article] An Analysis of Fishing Capacity in the Western and Central Pacific Ocean Tuna Fishery and Management Implications

  Research Paper

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: An Analysis of Fishing Capacity in the Western and Central Pacific Ocean Tuna Fishery and Management Implications Author: Reid, Christopher, Clarke, Raymond, Rodwell, Len, Jeon, Yongil Research Paper Title: An Analysis of Fishing Capacity in the Western and Central Pacific Ocean Tuna Fishery and Management Implications Author: Reid, Christopher, Clarke, Raymond, Rodwell, Len, Jeon, Yongil Research Paper Close

• 34. [Article] The FAO International Plan of Action for the Management of Fishing Capacity

  In 1999, the FAO Committee on Fisheries adopted an International Plan of Action for the Management of Fishing Capacity. The paper presents this new international fisheries instrument and discusses the ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The FAO International Plan of Action for the Management of Fishing Capacity Author: Gréboval, Dominique F. Year: 2001 In 1999, the FAO Committee on Fisheries adopted an International Plan of Action for the Management of Fishing Capacity. The paper presents this new international fisheries instrument and discusses the main issues which would need to be addressed by Nations and regional fisheries organizations worldwide to ensure its implementation. Specific attention is given to measurement aspects, management methods, fleet reduction programmes, high seas fisheries and the need for a comprehensive approach to factors which contribute to overcapacity and unsustainability. The paper concludes that implementation raises important issues that need to be further addressed at national, international and global levels. It also suggests that comprehensive research work on the management of fishing capacity is much needed, especially in relation to the use of alternative policies instruments and management methods. Title: The FAO International Plan of Action for the Management of Fishing Capacity Author: Gréboval, Dominique F. Year: 2001 In 1999, the FAO Committee on Fisheries adopted an International Plan of Action for the Management of Fishing Capacity. The paper presents this new international fisheries instrument and discusses the main issues which would need to be addressed by Nations and regional fisheries organizations worldwide to ensure its implementation. Specific attention is given to measurement aspects, management methods, fleet reduction programmes, high seas fisheries and the need for a comprehensive approach to factors which contribute to overcapacity and unsustainability. The paper concludes that implementation raises important issues that need to be further addressed at national, international and global levels. It also suggests that comprehensive research work on the management of fishing capacity is much needed, especially in relation to the use of alternative policies instruments and management methods. Close

• 35. [Article] U.S. Efforts to Prepare Regular Assessments of Overcapacity in Federally-Managed Commercial Fisheries

  Research Paper

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: U.S. Efforts to Prepare Regular Assessments of Overcapacity in Federally-Managed Commercial Fisheries Author: Terry, Joseph M. Research Paper Title: U.S. Efforts to Prepare Regular Assessments of Overcapacity in Federally-Managed Commercial Fisheries Author: Terry, Joseph M. Research Paper Close

• 36. [Article] Analysis of Reinforced Concrete Beams with Corrosion Damaged Stirrups for Shear Capacity

  This is the author's peer-reviewed final manuscript, as accepted by the publisher. The published article is copyrighted by Taylor & Francis and can be found at: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/nsie20.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Analysis of Reinforced Concrete Beams with Corrosion Damaged Stirrups for Shear Capacity This is the author's peer-reviewed final manuscript, as accepted by the publisher. The published article is copyrighted by Taylor & Francis and can be found at: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/nsie20. Title: Analysis of Reinforced Concrete Beams with Corrosion Damaged Stirrups for Shear Capacity This is the author's peer-reviewed final manuscript, as accepted by the publisher. The published article is copyrighted by Taylor & Francis and can be found at: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/nsie20. Close

• 37. [Article] The Roles of Leadership Committees in Forest Collaborative Capacity

  The organizational capacity of natural resource collaborative groups can be an important factor in how effective they are at meeting their goals. This brief reviews the leadership committees of five forest ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The Roles of Leadership Committees in Forest Collaborative Capacity Author: Davis, Emily Jane The organizational capacity of natural resource collaborative groups can be an important factor in how effective they are at meeting their goals. This brief reviews the leadership committees of five forest collaboratives working on similar issues in eastern Oregon. It is intended to help new and existing groups best utilize this important component of organizational capacity for success. Title: The Roles of Leadership Committees in Forest Collaborative Capacity Author: Davis, Emily Jane The organizational capacity of natural resource collaborative groups can be an important factor in how effective they are at meeting their goals. This brief reviews the leadership committees of five forest collaboratives working on similar issues in eastern Oregon. It is intended to help new and existing groups best utilize this important component of organizational capacity for success. Close

• 38. [Article] Experience of vessel decommissioning in Danish fisheries

  Research Paper

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Experience of vessel decommissioning in Danish fisheries Author: Lindebo, Erik, Vestergaard, Niels Research Paper Title: Experience of vessel decommissioning in Danish fisheries Author: Lindebo, Erik, Vestergaard, Niels Research Paper Close

• 39. [Article] Economies of scale, excess capacity and potential rent in UK demersal whitefish trawl fisheries

  Research Paper

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Economies of scale, excess capacity and potential rent in UK demersal whitefish trawl fisheries Author: Pascoe, Sean Research Paper Title: Economies of scale, excess capacity and potential rent in UK demersal whitefish trawl fisheries Author: Pascoe, Sean Research Paper Close

• 40. [Article] An evaluation of the thermal properties and albedo of a macrotidal flat

  copyrighted by American Geophysical Union

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: An evaluation of the thermal properties and albedo of a macrotidal flat Author: Cho, Yang-Ki, Kim, Tae-Wan, Dever, Edward P. copyrighted by American Geophysical Union Title: An evaluation of the thermal properties and albedo of a macrotidal flat Author: Cho, Yang-Ki, Kim, Tae-Wan, Dever, Edward P. copyrighted by American Geophysical Union Close

• 41. [Article] Is Output Control Effective as a Measure to Adjust Reduction of Over-Capacity?

  Research Paper

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Is Output Control Effective as a Measure to Adjust Reduction of Over-Capacity? Author: Kuronuma, Yoshihiro Research Paper Title: Is Output Control Effective as a Measure to Adjust Reduction of Over-Capacity? Author: Kuronuma, Yoshihiro Research Paper Close

• 42. [Article] Ultimate bearing capacity of shallow footings on plastic silt

  The usual approach to calculation of the ultimate bearing capacity of plastic silt is to assume no porewater drainage occurs during the loading period. The coefficient of permeability of plastic silt is ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Ultimate bearing capacity of shallow footings on plastic silt Author: Newton, Vernon C. The usual approach to calculation of the ultimate bearing capacity of plastic silt is to assume no porewater drainage occurs during the loading period. The coefficient of permeability of plastic silt is generally significantly larger than clay; therefore, partial drainage of porewater may occur during the loading period. This study evaluates the validity of the no porewater drainage assumption as it applies to a particular plastic silt. A series of plate load tests were performed on three circular footings of different sizes, placed on the bottom of a shallow excavation. Ultimate bearing capacity for each footing is interpreted from load-settlement curves. Samples were taken from the test pit and the shear strength was evaluated by laboratory testing. The shear strength is used in the Terzaghi, Meyerhof, and Hansen bearing capacity equations. Bearing capacities calculated using the no porewater drainage assumption and local shear failure conditions yield the best correlation with load test data. Title: Ultimate bearing capacity of shallow footings on plastic silt Author: Newton, Vernon C. The usual approach to calculation of the ultimate bearing capacity of plastic silt is to assume no porewater drainage occurs during the loading period. The coefficient of permeability of plastic silt is generally significantly larger than clay; therefore, partial drainage of porewater may occur during the loading period. This study evaluates the validity of the no porewater drainage assumption as it applies to a particular plastic silt. A series of plate load tests were performed on three circular footings of different sizes, placed on the bottom of a shallow excavation. Ultimate bearing capacity for each footing is interpreted from load-settlement curves. Samples were taken from the test pit and the shear strength was evaluated by laboratory testing. The shear strength is used in the Terzaghi, Meyerhof, and Hansen bearing capacity equations. Bearing capacities calculated using the no porewater drainage assumption and local shear failure conditions yield the best correlation with load test data. Close

• 43. [Article] Sand pumping efficiency of a water ejector apparatus

  The purpose of this investigation is to study the effect of the solid transport capacity in pumping operation: A special type of jet apparatus was investigated which emits a water jet downward counter ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Sand pumping efficiency of a water ejector apparatus Author: Saguanwongse, Suvat The purpose of this investigation is to study the effect of the solid transport capacity in pumping operation: A special type of jet apparatus was investigated which emits a water jet downward counter current to delivery flow, from inside of the suction pipe toward sediment to be excavated. Two sizes of jet pipe were considered; each was tested at three different positions for a centrifugal delivery pump operated in its economic range of operation. This jet pipe discharge was confirmed to increase sand transport capacity of the centrifugal delivery pump as the jet mouth was in the position close to the annular suction mouth. At this position, the sand transport capacity of the centrifugal delivery pump increased as the jet discharge increased. When the jet mouth was positioned above the area close to the suction mouth, the sand transport capacity of the centrifugal delivery pump decreased. As the jet mouth was extended below the area close to the suction mouth, the sand transport capacity of the centrifugal delivery pump was nearly equal in either case of pumping with or without the jet water in operation. Title: Sand pumping efficiency of a water ejector apparatus Author: Saguanwongse, Suvat The purpose of this investigation is to study the effect of the solid transport capacity in pumping operation: A special type of jet apparatus was investigated which emits a water jet downward counter current to delivery flow, from inside of the suction pipe toward sediment to be excavated. Two sizes of jet pipe were considered; each was tested at three different positions for a centrifugal delivery pump operated in its economic range of operation. This jet pipe discharge was confirmed to increase sand transport capacity of the centrifugal delivery pump as the jet mouth was in the position close to the annular suction mouth. At this position, the sand transport capacity of the centrifugal delivery pump increased as the jet discharge increased. When the jet mouth was positioned above the area close to the suction mouth, the sand transport capacity of the centrifugal delivery pump decreased. As the jet mouth was extended below the area close to the suction mouth, the sand transport capacity of the centrifugal delivery pump was nearly equal in either case of pumping with or without the jet water in operation. Close

• 44. [Article] A determination of ultimate pile capacity in clayey silt

  Predetermining the ultimate capacity of piles driven into purely cohesive soils and purely cohesionless soils involves, respectively, the consideration of soil shear strength in a completely undrained ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: A determination of ultimate pile capacity in clayey silt Author: Thompson, Duane Melvin Predetermining the ultimate capacity of piles driven into purely cohesive soils and purely cohesionless soils involves, respectively, the consideration of soil shear strength in a completely undrained and a completely drained condition. For the intermediate cases concerning soils that possess both cohesion and internal friction (silts, clayey silts, sandy clays, etc. ) the capacity prediction may assume either condition of drainage depending upon the characteristics of the soil, its stress history, and the duration of load. The actual conditions of failure for piles driven into these soils are uncertain unless test piles can be observed under a series of loads to failure. This study involves the determination of the capacity of an individual pile driven into a clayey silt. Capacity predictions based upon static formulas by Terzaghi and Peck, Meyerhof and William Moore are calculated for both drained and undrained conditions around the pile. By the performance of a series of load tests is is found that in the soil encountered the ultimate load supported by the pile is best described by the Meyerhof determination, assuming a state of complete drainage. Title: A determination of ultimate pile capacity in clayey silt Author: Thompson, Duane Melvin Predetermining the ultimate capacity of piles driven into purely cohesive soils and purely cohesionless soils involves, respectively, the consideration of soil shear strength in a completely undrained and a completely drained condition. For the intermediate cases concerning soils that possess both cohesion and internal friction (silts, clayey silts, sandy clays, etc. ) the capacity prediction may assume either condition of drainage depending upon the characteristics of the soil, its stress history, and the duration of load. The actual conditions of failure for piles driven into these soils are uncertain unless test piles can be observed under a series of loads to failure. This study involves the determination of the capacity of an individual pile driven into a clayey silt. Capacity predictions based upon static formulas by Terzaghi and Peck, Meyerhof and William Moore are calculated for both drained and undrained conditions around the pile. By the performance of a series of load tests is is found that in the soil encountered the ultimate load supported by the pile is best described by the Meyerhof determination, assuming a state of complete drainage. Close

• 45. [Article] Managing Capacity in An Ivq (Individual Vessel Quota) Regime

  No poster available.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Managing Capacity in An Ivq (Individual Vessel Quota) Regime Author: Standal, Dag No poster available. Title: Managing Capacity in An Ivq (Individual Vessel Quota) Regime Author: Standal, Dag No poster available. Close

• 46. [Article] Technological Changes and their Impact on Fishing Capacity - A Case Study of the Hawaii-based Longline Fisheries

  Research Paper

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Technological Changes and their Impact on Fishing Capacity - A Case Study of the Hawaii-based Longline Fisheries Author: Nguyen, Quang Research Paper Title: Technological Changes and their Impact on Fishing Capacity - A Case Study of the Hawaii-based Longline Fisheries Author: Nguyen, Quang Research Paper Close

• 47. [Article] Integrated Ethylene and Temperature Conditioning for Induction of Ripening Capacity in ‘Anjou’ and ‘Comice’ pears

  This is an author's peer-reviewed final manuscript, as accepted by the publisher. The published article is copyrighted by Elsevier and can be found at: http://www.journals.elsevier.com/postharvest-biol...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Integrated Ethylene and Temperature Conditioning for Induction of Ripening Capacity in ‘Anjou’ and ‘Comice’ pears Author: Basile, Sally R., Sugar, David This is an author's peer-reviewed final manuscript, as accepted by the publisher. The published article is copyrighted by Elsevier and can be found at: http://www.journals.elsevier.com/postharvest-biology-and-technology/. Title: Integrated Ethylene and Temperature Conditioning for Induction of Ripening Capacity in ‘Anjou’ and ‘Comice’ pears Author: Basile, Sally R., Sugar, David This is an author's peer-reviewed final manuscript, as accepted by the publisher. The published article is copyrighted by Elsevier and can be found at: http://www.journals.elsevier.com/postharvest-biology-and-technology/. Close

• 48. [Article] A Simple Buy-back Auction for Fisheries Management

  presentation

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: A Simple Buy-back Auction for Fisheries Management Author: Groves, Ted, Ledyard, John presentation Title: A Simple Buy-back Auction for Fisheries Management Author: Groves, Ted, Ledyard, John presentation Close

• 49. [Article] Computer simulation and evaluation of solar cooling systems with hot and cold storage options

  In this thesis, computer simulation and evaluation of solar cooling systems are presented. The simulations were conducted using the TRNSYS program, developed at the University of Wisconsin. The TRNSYS ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Computer simulation and evaluation of solar cooling systems with hot and cold storage options Author: Krishna, Sudhir S. In this thesis, computer simulation and evaluation of solar cooling systems are presented. The simulations were conducted using the TRNSYS program, developed at the University of Wisconsin. The TRNSYS program was modified by the addition of new models for the solar collector with high fluid thermal capacity, the absorption cooler, and a systems controller. These models are described. Several aspects of solar cooling systems design are presented here. The options of storing surplus availability at temperatures greater than 76°C (hot storage) and at temperatures less than 12°C (cold storage) are examined and discussed in detail. Analysis is also conducted to determine solar collector exiting temperature response to abrupt changes in solar insolation, with collector fluid thermal capacity and airconditioner nominal capacity as parameters. The affect of sink temperature on system performance and the question of using cooling towers are investigated. Problems associated with computer simulations and their solutions are discussed. The results indicate that the system with the cold storage consumes less auxiliary energy than the system with the hot storage, both systems being of equal size and capacity. However, the system with the cold storage requires a solar collector with high fluid thermal capacity. With regard to the effect of sink temperature on system performance, there is a sharp drop in the performance for sink temperatures exceeding 25°C. Title: Computer simulation and evaluation of solar cooling systems with hot and cold storage options Author: Krishna, Sudhir S. In this thesis, computer simulation and evaluation of solar cooling systems are presented. The simulations were conducted using the TRNSYS program, developed at the University of Wisconsin. The TRNSYS program was modified by the addition of new models for the solar collector with high fluid thermal capacity, the absorption cooler, and a systems controller. These models are described. Several aspects of solar cooling systems design are presented here. The options of storing surplus availability at temperatures greater than 76°C (hot storage) and at temperatures less than 12°C (cold storage) are examined and discussed in detail. Analysis is also conducted to determine solar collector exiting temperature response to abrupt changes in solar insolation, with collector fluid thermal capacity and airconditioner nominal capacity as parameters. The affect of sink temperature on system performance and the question of using cooling towers are investigated. Problems associated with computer simulations and their solutions are discussed. The results indicate that the system with the cold storage consumes less auxiliary energy than the system with the hot storage, both systems being of equal size and capacity. However, the system with the cold storage requires a solar collector with high fluid thermal capacity. With regard to the effect of sink temperature on system performance, there is a sharp drop in the performance for sink temperatures exceeding 25°C. Close

• 50. [Article] Bearing capacity and immediate settlement of shallow foundations on clay

  Shallow foundations are extensively used to support structures of all sizes and derive their support from near surface soils. Thus, they are typically embedded up to a few meters into the soil profile. ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Bearing capacity and immediate settlement of shallow foundations on clay Author: Strahler, Andrew W. Shallow foundations are extensively used to support structures of all sizes and derive their support from near surface soils. Thus, they are typically embedded up to a few meters into the soil profile. Designers of shallow foundations are required to meet two limit states: overall failure of the soil beneath the foundation (bearing capacity) and excessive settlement. Existing bearing capacity design methods use an assumed shearing plane within the soil and perfectly plastic soil behavior to estimate the ultimate resistance available. The immediate settlement of a shallow foundation is typically approximated using an elasticity-based method that does not account for actual, nonlinear soil behavior. A load test database was developed from footing load tests reported in the literature to assess the accuracy and uncertainty in existing design methodologies for calculating bearing capacity and immediate settlement. The assessment of uncertainty in bearing capacity and immediate settlement was accomplished through the application of a hyperbolic bearing pressure-displacement model, and the adaptation of the Duncan-Chang soil constitutive model to footing displacements. The prediction of bearing capacity using the general bearing capacity formula was compared to the bearing capacity extrapolated from the load test database using a hyperbolic bearing pressure-displacement model. On average the general bearing capacity formula under-predicts the bearing capacity and exhibits a significant amount of variability. The comparison was used to develop resistance statistics that were implemented to produce resistance factors for an LRFD based design approach using AASHTO load statistics. The Duncan-Chang model was adapted to predict bearing pressure displacement curves for footings in the load test database and used to estimate governing soil parameters. Bearing pressure-displacement curves fitted to the observed curves were used to back calculate soil stiffness. The soil stiffness was used with an elasticity-based displacement prediction method to evaluate the accuracy of the method. Finally, the back-calculated modulus from the fitted Duncan-Chang model was used to assess the accuracy and uncertainty associated with the elasticity-based K-factor, a correlation based stiffness parameter. In general the comparisons indicate that the current design procedures over-predict the bearing pressure associated with a given displacement and exhibit a significant amount of uncertainty. Title: Bearing capacity and immediate settlement of shallow foundations on clay Author: Strahler, Andrew W. Shallow foundations are extensively used to support structures of all sizes and derive their support from near surface soils. Thus, they are typically embedded up to a few meters into the soil profile. Designers of shallow foundations are required to meet two limit states: overall failure of the soil beneath the foundation (bearing capacity) and excessive settlement. Existing bearing capacity design methods use an assumed shearing plane within the soil and perfectly plastic soil behavior to estimate the ultimate resistance available. The immediate settlement of a shallow foundation is typically approximated using an elasticity-based method that does not account for actual, nonlinear soil behavior. A load test database was developed from footing load tests reported in the literature to assess the accuracy and uncertainty in existing design methodologies for calculating bearing capacity and immediate settlement. The assessment of uncertainty in bearing capacity and immediate settlement was accomplished through the application of a hyperbolic bearing pressure-displacement model, and the adaptation of the Duncan-Chang soil constitutive model to footing displacements. The prediction of bearing capacity using the general bearing capacity formula was compared to the bearing capacity extrapolated from the load test database using a hyperbolic bearing pressure-displacement model. On average the general bearing capacity formula under-predicts the bearing capacity and exhibits a significant amount of variability. The comparison was used to develop resistance statistics that were implemented to produce resistance factors for an LRFD based design approach using AASHTO load statistics. The Duncan-Chang model was adapted to predict bearing pressure displacement curves for footings in the load test database and used to estimate governing soil parameters. Bearing pressure-displacement curves fitted to the observed curves were used to back calculate soil stiffness. The soil stiffness was used with an elasticity-based displacement prediction method to evaluate the accuracy of the method. Finally, the back-calculated modulus from the fitted Duncan-Chang model was used to assess the accuracy and uncertainty associated with the elasticity-based K-factor, a correlation based stiffness parameter. In general the comparisons indicate that the current design procedures over-predict the bearing pressure associated with a given displacement and exhibit a significant amount of uncertainty. Close