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• 1. [Article] A physical inventory of streams in the Upper Willamette Watershed above the confluence of middle and coast forks of Willamette River : 1964

  Dimensions of paper map: 37" x 37.5".

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: A physical inventory of streams in the Upper Willamette Watershed above the confluence of middle and coast forks of Willamette River : 1964 Author: Oregon. State Game Commission. Basin Investigations Section, Thompson, Kenneth E. Dimensions of paper map: 37" x 37.5". Title: A physical inventory of streams in the Upper Willamette Watershed above the confluence of middle and coast forks of Willamette River : 1964 Author: Oregon. State Game Commission. Basin Investigations Section, Thompson, Kenneth E. Dimensions of paper map: 37" x 37.5". Close

• 2. [Article] The fish and wildlife resources of the Middle Willamette Basin, Oregon, and their water use requirements

  A field survey crew was assigned by the Oregon State Game Commission in the fall of 1961 to study water use by the Oregon State Game Commission in the fall of 1961 to study water use requirements of the ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The fish and wildlife resources of the Middle Willamette Basin, Oregon, and their water use requirements Author: Basin Investigations Section, Oregon State Game Commission, A field survey crew was assigned by the Oregon State Game Commission in the fall of 1961 to study water use by the Oregon State Game Commission in the fall of 1961 to study water use requirements of the fish and wildlife resources in several major drainage basins of Oregon. Principal goals of this study were to provide the State Water Resources Board with information concerning the status and importance of the resources to the state and to develop minimum stream flow requirements for maintenance and enhancement so that full consideration could be given these values in the beneficial water use programs formulated by the Board. This report is the second to be prepared based on these studies. A similar report concerning the South Coast Basin was completed in December 1962. Study was concurrent in both basins beginning in the fall of 1961 and extending for a full year. Information included in these investigations in the Middle Willamette Basin, existing records and other field personnel. Title: The fish and wildlife resources of the Middle Willamette Basin, Oregon, and their water use requirements Author: Basin Investigations Section, Oregon State Game Commission, A field survey crew was assigned by the Oregon State Game Commission in the fall of 1961 to study water use by the Oregon State Game Commission in the fall of 1961 to study water use requirements of the fish and wildlife resources in several major drainage basins of Oregon. Principal goals of this study were to provide the State Water Resources Board with information concerning the status and importance of the resources to the state and to develop minimum stream flow requirements for maintenance and enhancement so that full consideration could be given these values in the beneficial water use programs formulated by the Board. This report is the second to be prepared based on these studies. A similar report concerning the South Coast Basin was completed in December 1962. Study was concurrent in both basins beginning in the fall of 1961 and extending for a full year. Information included in these investigations in the Middle Willamette Basin, existing records and other field personnel. Close

• 3. [Article] A resource survey of river energy and low-head hydroelectric power potential in Oregon

  The project was funded by the United States Department of Energy. Contract No. EG-77-S-07-1691 through the Idaho Water Resources Research Institute.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: A resource survey of river energy and low-head hydroelectric power potential in Oregon Author: Klingeman, Peter C., Oregon State University. Water Resources Research Institute, Idaho Water Resources Research Institute, State of Washington Water Research Center, Montana University Joint Water Resources Research Center The project was funded by the United States Department of Energy. Contract No. EG-77-S-07-1691 through the Idaho Water Resources Research Institute. Title: A resource survey of river energy and low-head hydroelectric power potential in Oregon Author: Klingeman, Peter C., Oregon State University. Water Resources Research Institute, Idaho Water Resources Research Institute, State of Washington Water Research Center, Montana University Joint Water Resources Research Center The project was funded by the United States Department of Energy. Contract No. EG-77-S-07-1691 through the Idaho Water Resources Research Institute. Close

• 4. [Article] Selected elements and organic chemicals in bed sediment and fish tissue of the Tualatin River Basin, Oregon, 1992-96

  The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) has worked cooperative with the Unified Sewerage Agency of Washington County (USA) since 1990 to assess water quality in the Tualatin River Basin. The objectives of this ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Selected elements and organic chemicals in bed sediment and fish tissue of the Tualatin River Basin, Oregon, 1992-96 Author: Bonn, Bernadine A., Washington County (Or.). Unified Sewerage Agency., Geological Survey (U.S.) The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) has worked cooperative with the Unified Sewerage Agency of Washington County (USA) since 1990 to assess water quality in the Tualatin River Basin. The objectives of this study were to: assess the occurrence and magnitude of trace element and selected organic contaminants in streams of the Tualatin River Basin; compare contaminant levels found in Tualatin River Basin streams with published guidelines for the protection of aquatic life; place the contaminant levels found in the Tualatin River Basin streams in context, regionally and nationally, by comparing them with those found in the Willamette Basin and by the USGS National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program; compare contaminant concentrations in bed sediment with those in fish tissue; and identify contaminant patterns that would help managers make decisions regarding future monitoring and the implementation of pollution prevention and abatement programs. Title: Selected elements and organic chemicals in bed sediment and fish tissue of the Tualatin River Basin, Oregon, 1992-96 Author: Bonn, Bernadine A., Washington County (Or.). Unified Sewerage Agency., Geological Survey (U.S.) The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) has worked cooperative with the Unified Sewerage Agency of Washington County (USA) since 1990 to assess water quality in the Tualatin River Basin. The objectives of this study were to: assess the occurrence and magnitude of trace element and selected organic contaminants in streams of the Tualatin River Basin; compare contaminant levels found in Tualatin River Basin streams with published guidelines for the protection of aquatic life; place the contaminant levels found in the Tualatin River Basin streams in context, regionally and nationally, by comparing them with those found in the Willamette Basin and by the USGS National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program; compare contaminant concentrations in bed sediment with those in fish tissue; and identify contaminant patterns that would help managers make decisions regarding future monitoring and the implementation of pollution prevention and abatement programs. Close

• 5. [Article] Distribution and juvenile ecology of bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus) in the Cascade Mountains

  Distribution and juvenile habitat use of bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus) were surveyed in selected areas of the Upper Willamette, Deschutes, upper Yakima, and upper Cedar River basins in Oregon and Washington ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Distribution and juvenile ecology of bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus) in the Cascade Mountains Author: Goetz, Frederick Allen Distribution and juvenile habitat use of bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus) were surveyed in selected areas of the Upper Willamette, Deschutes, upper Yakima, and upper Cedar River basins in Oregon and Washington from 1989 to 1991, using day snorkeling, night snorkeling, and electrofishing. These methods were selected after a preliminary diel streamside study of juvenile bull trout showed fry (age 0) counts were significantly higher (P<0.00l) during the day, while counts of juvenile fish (age 1 and 2) were significantly higher (P<0.00l) at night. The highest counts of juveniles occurred during a "quiet period" immediately after dusk, during which time fish were inactive, out of cover, and easily counted with underwater flashlights. In a comparison of four sampling methods on Jack Creek, electrofishing was significantly correlated (P<0.05) with day (r=0.8l) and night (r=0.89) snorkeling counts, but not with streambank counts. In a comparison of day and night snorkeling in 10 streams, total density estimates were significantly greater (P<0.0l) for night snorkeling than day. The diel study and sampling methods comparison suggested surveys of distribution and habitat use of bull trout should include night surveys as well as day. Distribution surveys found that, except for one stream, juvenile bull trout were found only in, or near, spring-fed areas created by recent lava flows. Presence of bull trout in a stream was related to cold groundwater temperatures, as they were not found in streams with temperatures above 14°C. Distribution of bull trout in Oregon and Washington followed a pattern of decreasing elevation with increasing latitude and longitude(Ra=-0.9l6) Presence at lower than expected elevations were explained when groundwater temperatures were predicted from mean annual air temperatures. Actual water temperatures for these spring-fed streams were significantly lower (p<0.00l) than predicted based on elevation, latitude, and longitude. Comparison of historical distribution of bull trout showed extant bull trout were found in the Willamette and Deschutes River Basins of Oregon, respectively, in only 26.2 and 56.2% of their former ranges. Factors associated with bull trout demise in Oregon Cascade streams were (1) isolation and inundation of spring-fed stream habitat by water control structures, (2) introduction of brook trout and brown trout, and (3) large flood events and habitat degradation. Juvenile habitat use was analyzed at the macrohabitat (habitat unit) level in five river basins. Diel and seasonal microhabitat use was also documented for one spring-fed stream, Jack Creek. There was a clear difference in habitat use day and night, associated with the low water temperature of the spring-fed streams (mean=8.0°C). All habitat unit types (pool, riffle, glide, side channel) were used day and night, but bull trout only elected to use side channels in both time periods. Bull trout were found at night in (1) a higher percentage of habitat units, (2) in higher densities by unit, and (3) in increasing numbers with increasing habitat unit area. In Jack Creek, bull trout elected to use shallow water depths, low mean velocities, instream woody debris, and small substrates. Title: Distribution and juvenile ecology of bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus) in the Cascade Mountains Author: Goetz, Frederick Allen Distribution and juvenile habitat use of bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus) were surveyed in selected areas of the Upper Willamette, Deschutes, upper Yakima, and upper Cedar River basins in Oregon and Washington from 1989 to 1991, using day snorkeling, night snorkeling, and electrofishing. These methods were selected after a preliminary diel streamside study of juvenile bull trout showed fry (age 0) counts were significantly higher (P<0.00l) during the day, while counts of juvenile fish (age 1 and 2) were significantly higher (P<0.00l) at night. The highest counts of juveniles occurred during a "quiet period" immediately after dusk, during which time fish were inactive, out of cover, and easily counted with underwater flashlights. In a comparison of four sampling methods on Jack Creek, electrofishing was significantly correlated (P<0.05) with day (r=0.8l) and night (r=0.89) snorkeling counts, but not with streambank counts. In a comparison of day and night snorkeling in 10 streams, total density estimates were significantly greater (P<0.0l) for night snorkeling than day. The diel study and sampling methods comparison suggested surveys of distribution and habitat use of bull trout should include night surveys as well as day. Distribution surveys found that, except for one stream, juvenile bull trout were found only in, or near, spring-fed areas created by recent lava flows. Presence of bull trout in a stream was related to cold groundwater temperatures, as they were not found in streams with temperatures above 14°C. Distribution of bull trout in Oregon and Washington followed a pattern of decreasing elevation with increasing latitude and longitude(Ra=-0.9l6) Presence at lower than expected elevations were explained when groundwater temperatures were predicted from mean annual air temperatures. Actual water temperatures for these spring-fed streams were significantly lower (p<0.00l) than predicted based on elevation, latitude, and longitude. Comparison of historical distribution of bull trout showed extant bull trout were found in the Willamette and Deschutes River Basins of Oregon, respectively, in only 26.2 and 56.2% of their former ranges. Factors associated with bull trout demise in Oregon Cascade streams were (1) isolation and inundation of spring-fed stream habitat by water control structures, (2) introduction of brook trout and brown trout, and (3) large flood events and habitat degradation. Juvenile habitat use was analyzed at the macrohabitat (habitat unit) level in five river basins. Diel and seasonal microhabitat use was also documented for one spring-fed stream, Jack Creek. There was a clear difference in habitat use day and night, associated with the low water temperature of the spring-fed streams (mean=8.0°C). All habitat unit types (pool, riffle, glide, side channel) were used day and night, but bull trout only elected to use side channels in both time periods. Bull trout were found at night in (1) a higher percentage of habitat units, (2) in higher densities by unit, and (3) in increasing numbers with increasing habitat unit area. In Jack Creek, bull trout elected to use shallow water depths, low mean velocities, instream woody debris, and small substrates. Close

• 6. [Article] What Do Stakeholders Know About Salmon and Steelhead Recovery in the Willamette Basin?

  In August 2011, the final Upper Willamette River basin salmon and steelhead recovery plan was adopted by NOAA Fisheries and the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. The plan highlights a variety of ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: What Do Stakeholders Know About Salmon and Steelhead Recovery in the Willamette Basin? Author: Fellas, Christy In August 2011, the final Upper Willamette River basin salmon and steelhead recovery plan was adopted by NOAA Fisheries and the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. The plan highlights a variety of activities that need to be taken by both public and private entities in order to recover these listed species. The Willamette River basin is a diverse and complicated system that encompasses urban, forest and agricultural uses on public and private lands. It is the largest basin in Oregon, housing 70% of the state’s population and includes 16,000 miles of stream. Recovery cannot be achieved on public land alone - over 60% of land in the basin is in private ownership. All parts of the basin provide important areas for rearing, migration and spawning of salmon and steelhead. Information is lacking about how stakeholders view the Willamette River basin salmon and steelhead recovery plan. Through 25 interviews, I collected data from stakeholders to understand their knowledge of and engagement in Willamette River basin salmon recovery efforts. Interview themes came from a Delphi review of recovery plan themes provided by NOAA personnel. I found that recovery cannot be successful in the Willamette River basin unless private landowners are better informed and willing to participate in the process. I determined a baseline understanding of stakeholders while providing a roadmap for future education, outreach and restoration efforts. Title: What Do Stakeholders Know About Salmon and Steelhead Recovery in the Willamette Basin? Author: Fellas, Christy In August 2011, the final Upper Willamette River basin salmon and steelhead recovery plan was adopted by NOAA Fisheries and the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. The plan highlights a variety of activities that need to be taken by both public and private entities in order to recover these listed species. The Willamette River basin is a diverse and complicated system that encompasses urban, forest and agricultural uses on public and private lands. It is the largest basin in Oregon, housing 70% of the state’s population and includes 16,000 miles of stream. Recovery cannot be achieved on public land alone - over 60% of land in the basin is in private ownership. All parts of the basin provide important areas for rearing, migration and spawning of salmon and steelhead. Information is lacking about how stakeholders view the Willamette River basin salmon and steelhead recovery plan. Through 25 interviews, I collected data from stakeholders to understand their knowledge of and engagement in Willamette River basin salmon recovery efforts. Interview themes came from a Delphi review of recovery plan themes provided by NOAA personnel. I found that recovery cannot be successful in the Willamette River basin unless private landowners are better informed and willing to participate in the process. I determined a baseline understanding of stakeholders while providing a roadmap for future education, outreach and restoration efforts. Close

• 7. [Article] Major-ion, nutrient, and trace-element concentrations in the Steamboat Creek Basin, Oregon, 1996

  This report presents the concentrations of major ions, nutrients, and trace elements in water and bottom sediments collected in the four-tributaries during the low-flow condition of September 9-13, 1996. ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Major-ion, nutrient, and trace-element concentrations in the Steamboat Creek Basin, Oregon, 1996 Author: Rinella, Frank A., Douglas County (Or.), United States. Forest Service, Geological Survey (U.S.) This report presents the concentrations of major ions, nutrients, and trace elements in water and bottom sediments collected in the four-tributaries during the low-flow condition of September 9-13, 1996. Stream-water chemistry results are contrasted, and trace-element concentrations compared with U.S. Environmental Protection Agency chronic aquatic life toxicity criteria. Bottom -sediment trace-element results also are constrasted and compared with concentrations considered to be enriched in streams of the nearby Willamette River Basin and to interim Canadian threshold effect level (TEL) concentrations established for the protection of aquatic life. Title: Major-ion, nutrient, and trace-element concentrations in the Steamboat Creek Basin, Oregon, 1996 Author: Rinella, Frank A., Douglas County (Or.), United States. Forest Service, Geological Survey (U.S.) This report presents the concentrations of major ions, nutrients, and trace elements in water and bottom sediments collected in the four-tributaries during the low-flow condition of September 9-13, 1996. Stream-water chemistry results are contrasted, and trace-element concentrations compared with U.S. Environmental Protection Agency chronic aquatic life toxicity criteria. Bottom -sediment trace-element results also are constrasted and compared with concentrations considered to be enriched in streams of the nearby Willamette River Basin and to interim Canadian threshold effect level (TEL) concentrations established for the protection of aquatic life. Close

• 8. [Article] Bull Trout (Salvelinus confluentus) Population and Habitat Survey in the McKenzie and Middle Fork Willamette Basins, 2001

  Our study area includes the three McKenzie populations, and a reintroduced population in the Middle Fork Willamette and tributaries above Hills Creek Reservoir. We monitored bull trout populations in the ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Bull Trout (Salvelinus confluentus) Population and Habitat Survey in the McKenzie and Middle Fork Willamette Basins, 2001 Author: Taylor, Greg Our study area includes the three McKenzie populations, and a reintroduced population in the Middle Fork Willamette and tributaries above Hills Creek Reservoir. We monitored bull trout populations in the McKenzie and Middle Fork Willamette basins using a combination of sampling techniques that include spawning surveys, juvenile trapping, electronic fish counters, and night snorkeling. We continued to reintroduce bull trout fry from Anderson Creek (McKenzie Basin) to the Middle Fork Willamette above Hills Creek Reservoir in an attempt to rehabilitate the bull trout population in the Middle Fork Willamette Basin. By monitoring population trends and determining life history characteristics of bull trout in McKenzie and Middle Fork Willamette basins, we can make informed management decisions that will help maintain long term and sustainable bull trout populations in the upper Willamette Basin. Title: Bull Trout (Salvelinus confluentus) Population and Habitat Survey in the McKenzie and Middle Fork Willamette Basins, 2001 Author: Taylor, Greg Our study area includes the three McKenzie populations, and a reintroduced population in the Middle Fork Willamette and tributaries above Hills Creek Reservoir. We monitored bull trout populations in the McKenzie and Middle Fork Willamette basins using a combination of sampling techniques that include spawning surveys, juvenile trapping, electronic fish counters, and night snorkeling. We continued to reintroduce bull trout fry from Anderson Creek (McKenzie Basin) to the Middle Fork Willamette above Hills Creek Reservoir in an attempt to rehabilitate the bull trout population in the Middle Fork Willamette Basin. By monitoring population trends and determining life history characteristics of bull trout in McKenzie and Middle Fork Willamette basins, we can make informed management decisions that will help maintain long term and sustainable bull trout populations in the upper Willamette Basin. Close

• 9. [Article] The fish and wildlife resources of the Upper Willamette Basin, Oregon, and their water requirements

  A report with recommendations to the Oregon State Water Resources Board

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The fish and wildlife resources of the Upper Willamette Basin, Oregon, and their water requirements Author: Basin Investigations Section, Oregon State Game Commission, Fortune, John D., Jr., Thompson, Kenneth E., Hutchison, James M.. A report with recommendations to the Oregon State Water Resources Board Title: The fish and wildlife resources of the Upper Willamette Basin, Oregon, and their water requirements Author: Basin Investigations Section, Oregon State Game Commission, Fortune, John D., Jr., Thompson, Kenneth E., Hutchison, James M.. A report with recommendations to the Oregon State Water Resources Board Close

• 10. [Article] USDA report on water and related land resources, Middle Willamette River Basin, Oregon

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: USDA report on water and related land resources, Middle Willamette River Basin, Oregon Author: USDA Oregon River Basin Survey Party, Oregon. State Water Resources Board, United States. Dept. of Agriculture. Economic Research Service, United States. Soil Conservation Service, USDA Field Advisory Committee, United States. Forest Service Title: USDA report on water and related land resources, Middle Willamette River Basin, Oregon Author: USDA Oregon River Basin Survey Party, Oregon. State Water Resources Board, United States. Dept. of Agriculture. Economic Research Service, United States. Soil Conservation Service, USDA Field Advisory Committee, United States. Forest Service Close

• 11. [Article] Willamette Basin rivers and streams assessment

  This report was written as a resource for water quality managers, watershed councils, municipalities and citizens to help understand the status of watershed conditions in the Willamette Basin. Our interpretations ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Willamette Basin rivers and streams assessment Author: Leferink, Robin, Mulvey, Michael, Borisenko, Aaron This report was written as a resource for water quality managers, watershed councils, municipalities and citizens to help understand the status of watershed conditions in the Willamette Basin. Our interpretations are based on chemical, physical and biological indicators at three different spatial scales: the basin scale, the subbasin scale and by land use categories. The data in this report were collected at randomly selected locations. Like a political poll, these locations represent the population of rivers and streams as a whole. It is not appropriate to interpret the information on an individual site basis. However, individual site data may be used for other purposes, such as indicating when water quality standards or other benchmarks are not met. Title: Willamette Basin rivers and streams assessment Author: Leferink, Robin, Mulvey, Michael, Borisenko, Aaron This report was written as a resource for water quality managers, watershed councils, municipalities and citizens to help understand the status of watershed conditions in the Willamette Basin. Our interpretations are based on chemical, physical and biological indicators at three different spatial scales: the basin scale, the subbasin scale and by land use categories. The data in this report were collected at randomly selected locations. Like a political poll, these locations represent the population of rivers and streams as a whole. It is not appropriate to interpret the information on an individual site basis. However, individual site data may be used for other purposes, such as indicating when water quality standards or other benchmarks are not met. Close

• 12. [Article] Arsenic in ground water of the Willamette Basin, Oregon

  Arsenic concentrations exceeding the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) current Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL) of 50 micrograms per liter are widespread in ground water in the Willamette Basin. ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Arsenic in ground water of the Willamette Basin, Oregon Author: Hinkle, Stephen R., Oregon. Water Resources Dept., Geological Survey (U.S.), Polette, Danial J. Arsenic concentrations exceeding the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) current Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL) of 50 micrograms per liter are widespread in ground water in the Willamette Basin. The Oregon Water Resources Department and the U.S. Geological Survey began a cooperative study in the Willamette Basin in 1996. One goal of this study is to characterize the regional distribution of naturally occurring poor-quality ground water, such as ground water with high concentrations of arsenic. Characterization of the regional distribution of arsenic concentrations in the Willamette Basin will be useful to public health officials, water-resource managers, the medical community, and those using ground water for drinking and cooking. Title: Arsenic in ground water of the Willamette Basin, Oregon Author: Hinkle, Stephen R., Oregon. Water Resources Dept., Geological Survey (U.S.), Polette, Danial J. Arsenic concentrations exceeding the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) current Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL) of 50 micrograms per liter are widespread in ground water in the Willamette Basin. The Oregon Water Resources Department and the U.S. Geological Survey began a cooperative study in the Willamette Basin in 1996. One goal of this study is to characterize the regional distribution of naturally occurring poor-quality ground water, such as ground water with high concentrations of arsenic. Characterization of the regional distribution of arsenic concentrations in the Willamette Basin will be useful to public health officials, water-resource managers, the medical community, and those using ground water for drinking and cooking. Close

• 13. [Article] USDA report on water and related land resources : Lower Willamette River Basin, Oregon ; based on a cooperative survey by the State Water Resources Board of Oregon and the United States Department of Agriculture : report

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: USDA report on water and related land resources : Lower Willamette River Basin, Oregon ; based on a cooperative survey by the State Water Resources Board of Oregon and the United States Department of Agriculture : report Author: USDA Field Advisory Committee, USDA Oregon River Basin Survey Party, United States. Forest Service, United States. Dept. of Agriculture. Economic Research Service, United States. Soil Conservation Service, Oregon. State Water Resources Board Title: USDA report on water and related land resources : Lower Willamette River Basin, Oregon ; based on a cooperative survey by the State Water Resources Board of Oregon and the United States Department of Agriculture : report Author: USDA Field Advisory Committee, USDA Oregon River Basin Survey Party, United States. Forest Service, United States. Dept. of Agriculture. Economic Research Service, United States. Soil Conservation Service, Oregon. State Water Resources Board Close

• 14. [Article] Fish and amphibian use of intermittent streams within the upper Willamette Basin, Oregon

  In the fall through spring of 2002/03 and 2003/04, the composition of fish and amphibian communities were examined in intermittent streams in the upper Willamette river basin in western Oregon. I recorded ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Fish and amphibian use of intermittent streams within the upper Willamette Basin, Oregon Author: Colvin, Randall William In the fall through spring of 2002/03 and 2003/04, the composition of fish and amphibian communities were examined in intermittent streams in the upper Willamette river basin in western Oregon. I recorded standard aquatic habitat variables and water nutrient concentrations (nitrate and phosphate) and correlated them with fish and amphibian communities present. Fish and amphibian communities were also compared between seasons (winter and spring), capture method (minnowtrap and backpack electrofishing) and channel morphology (incised and gently sloping channels). Fish were tagged with visual implant elastomer to assess movement and distribution. Fourteen species of fish and five species of amphibians were present in these habitats over two field seasons. Fish and amphibian species composition and abundance was correlated with characteristics of the upper Willamette basin. The regional characteristics associated with the differences were a) the amount of the watershed covered in forest and b) upstream slope; whereas mean maximum water velocity separated fish dominated communities from amphibian dominated communities. Approximately 99% of fish and amphibian species caught were native to the Willamette river basin and the number of fish species decreased as the sampling distance from perennial water increased. Significant differences were found in fish and amphibian community composition between winter and spring and between capture methods. Surface/mid-water feeding fish were more abundant in gently sloping channels than benthic feeding fishes. Only 2.6% of the 498 tagged fish were recaptured between December and April. In the fall through spring 2003/04, the composition of fish communities and their invertebrate diets were compared between 12 sites on four intermittent streams. The distance between consecutive sites was approximately 900 to 1500-m. Two intermittent streams had incised channels, confining high flows to a narrow channel. The remaining two streams had gently sloping channels, where flood waters had access to the floodplain. Two hundred and thirty individual diets were sampled from cutthroat trout, northern pikeminnow, redside shiner, sculpin, speckled dace, threespine stickleback in both winter and spring. About 60% of the stomach samples contained invertebrates and approximately 90% of them were aquatic species. There was a significant difference in the numbers of invertebrates consumed by redside shiners, sculpins and speckled dace. These three fish species fed most often on benthic invertebrates compared to surf ace/midwater invertebrates, but only sculpins and redside shiners were significantly different. However, the proportions of benthic and surface/midwater invertebrates in the diet of these fish species were not significantly different between seasons or channel types. This thesis inventories fish and amphibian species found in intermittent stream habitats of the upper Willamette basin, and identifies the main habitat features that influence the distribution of those species. It also examines the diet composition of a subset of widely distributed fish species. The findings of this study can be used to understand how land uses, such as grass seed agriculture, affect intermittent streams, and to design future studies on the effectiveness of habitat enhancement conservation practices (such as grassed waterways, residue management, filter strips, streambank protection, etc.) to improve and/or protect these important seasonal habitats in the upper Willamette basin. Title: Fish and amphibian use of intermittent streams within the upper Willamette Basin, Oregon Author: Colvin, Randall William In the fall through spring of 2002/03 and 2003/04, the composition of fish and amphibian communities were examined in intermittent streams in the upper Willamette river basin in western Oregon. I recorded standard aquatic habitat variables and water nutrient concentrations (nitrate and phosphate) and correlated them with fish and amphibian communities present. Fish and amphibian communities were also compared between seasons (winter and spring), capture method (minnowtrap and backpack electrofishing) and channel morphology (incised and gently sloping channels). Fish were tagged with visual implant elastomer to assess movement and distribution. Fourteen species of fish and five species of amphibians were present in these habitats over two field seasons. Fish and amphibian species composition and abundance was correlated with characteristics of the upper Willamette basin. The regional characteristics associated with the differences were a) the amount of the watershed covered in forest and b) upstream slope; whereas mean maximum water velocity separated fish dominated communities from amphibian dominated communities. Approximately 99% of fish and amphibian species caught were native to the Willamette river basin and the number of fish species decreased as the sampling distance from perennial water increased. Significant differences were found in fish and amphibian community composition between winter and spring and between capture methods. Surface/mid-water feeding fish were more abundant in gently sloping channels than benthic feeding fishes. Only 2.6% of the 498 tagged fish were recaptured between December and April. In the fall through spring 2003/04, the composition of fish communities and their invertebrate diets were compared between 12 sites on four intermittent streams. The distance between consecutive sites was approximately 900 to 1500-m. Two intermittent streams had incised channels, confining high flows to a narrow channel. The remaining two streams had gently sloping channels, where flood waters had access to the floodplain. Two hundred and thirty individual diets were sampled from cutthroat trout, northern pikeminnow, redside shiner, sculpin, speckled dace, threespine stickleback in both winter and spring. About 60% of the stomach samples contained invertebrates and approximately 90% of them were aquatic species. There was a significant difference in the numbers of invertebrates consumed by redside shiners, sculpins and speckled dace. These three fish species fed most often on benthic invertebrates compared to surf ace/midwater invertebrates, but only sculpins and redside shiners were significantly different. However, the proportions of benthic and surface/midwater invertebrates in the diet of these fish species were not significantly different between seasons or channel types. This thesis inventories fish and amphibian species found in intermittent stream habitats of the upper Willamette basin, and identifies the main habitat features that influence the distribution of those species. It also examines the diet composition of a subset of widely distributed fish species. The findings of this study can be used to understand how land uses, such as grass seed agriculture, affect intermittent streams, and to design future studies on the effectiveness of habitat enhancement conservation practices (such as grassed waterways, residue management, filter strips, streambank protection, etc.) to improve and/or protect these important seasonal habitats in the upper Willamette basin. Close

• 15. [Article] The fish and wildlife resources of the Lower Willamette Basin, Oregon, and their water use requirements.

  Federal Aid to Fish Restoration Progress Report

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The fish and wildlife resources of the Lower Willamette Basin, Oregon, and their water use requirements. Author: Hutchison, James M., Aney, Warren W. Federal Aid to Fish Restoration Progress Report Title: The fish and wildlife resources of the Lower Willamette Basin, Oregon, and their water use requirements. Author: Hutchison, James M., Aney, Warren W. Federal Aid to Fish Restoration Progress Report Close

• 16. [Article] Stream DOC, nitrate, chloride and SUVA response to land use during winter baseflow conditions in sub-basins of the Willamette River Basin, OR

  To better understand the impact of land use on stream nutrient export, a synoptic sampling of 57 sub-basins within the Willamette River basin was conducted during winter baseflow conditions (February 2009). ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Stream DOC, nitrate, chloride and SUVA response to land use during winter baseflow conditions in sub-basins of the Willamette River Basin, OR Author: Frentress, Jay To better understand the impact of land use on stream nutrient export, a synoptic sampling of 57 sub-basins within the Willamette River basin was conducted during winter baseflow conditions (February 2009). I assessed whether stream dissolved organic carbon (DOC), NO₃⁻ and Cl⁻ and specific ultra-violet absorbance (SUVA) values were correlated with individual watershed land use variables: percent urban, agriculture, and forest. Simple linear regression analysis indicated that stream DOC, NO₃⁻ and Cl⁻ increased significantly with increasing percent agriculture and urban area in sampled watersheds, and decreased significantly with increasing percent forest. Stream order and watershed area were not significantly related to any stream chemistry variables. Simple linear regression analysis indicated that SUVA, a measure of the aromaticity of DOC, decreased significantly with increasing percent urban area in catchments, but was not significantly related to percent agriculture or urban. Ordination of streams on the basis of their chemistry supported simple linear regression analyses, clustering of streams with low SUVA values and higher DOC, NO₃⁻, and Cl concentrations, which were also largely associated with increasing percent urban, and slightly less associated with increasing percent agriculture. Results indicate that stream nutrient concentrations are strongly influenced by associated land use within the watershed. SUVA results suggest a combination of land use and variable hydrologic flowpaths affects the composition of stream DOC under winter baseflow conditions. Title: Stream DOC, nitrate, chloride and SUVA response to land use during winter baseflow conditions in sub-basins of the Willamette River Basin, OR Author: Frentress, Jay To better understand the impact of land use on stream nutrient export, a synoptic sampling of 57 sub-basins within the Willamette River basin was conducted during winter baseflow conditions (February 2009). I assessed whether stream dissolved organic carbon (DOC), NO₃⁻ and Cl⁻ and specific ultra-violet absorbance (SUVA) values were correlated with individual watershed land use variables: percent urban, agriculture, and forest. Simple linear regression analysis indicated that stream DOC, NO₃⁻ and Cl⁻ increased significantly with increasing percent agriculture and urban area in sampled watersheds, and decreased significantly with increasing percent forest. Stream order and watershed area were not significantly related to any stream chemistry variables. Simple linear regression analysis indicated that SUVA, a measure of the aromaticity of DOC, decreased significantly with increasing percent urban area in catchments, but was not significantly related to percent agriculture or urban. Ordination of streams on the basis of their chemistry supported simple linear regression analyses, clustering of streams with low SUVA values and higher DOC, NO₃⁻, and Cl concentrations, which were also largely associated with increasing percent urban, and slightly less associated with increasing percent agriculture. Results indicate that stream nutrient concentrations are strongly influenced by associated land use within the watershed. SUVA results suggest a combination of land use and variable hydrologic flowpaths affects the composition of stream DOC under winter baseflow conditions. Close

• 17. [Article] The influence of contemporary forest harvesting on summer stream temperatures in headwater streams of Hinkle Creek, Oregon

  Stream temperature is a water quality parameter that directly influences the quality of aquatic habitat, particularly for cold-water species such as Pacific salmonids. Forest harvesting adjacent to a stream ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The influence of contemporary forest harvesting on summer stream temperatures in headwater streams of Hinkle Creek, Oregon Author: Kibler, Kelly Maren Stream temperature is a water quality parameter that directly influences the quality of aquatic habitat, particularly for cold-water species such as Pacific salmonids. Forest harvesting adjacent to a stream can increase the amount of solar radiation the stream receives, which can elevate stream temperatures and impair aquatic habitat. Oregon Forest Practice Rules mandate that forest operators leave Riparian Management Areas (RMAs) adjacent to streams in order to minimize the water quality impacts from forest harvesting. However, RMAs that contain overstory merchantable conifers are not required for small non-fish-bearing streams in Oregon, thus there is potential for increases in stream temperature to occur in headwater streams after harvesting. There is concern that increases in stream temperatures and changes to onsite processes in non-fish-bearing, headwater streams may propagate downstream and impair habitat in fish-bearing streams. The objectives of the following work are to assess the effects of contemporary forest management practices on stream temperatures of small non-fish-bearing headwater streams and to develop new knowledge regarding the physical processes that control reach-level stream temperature patterns. Summer stream temperatures were measured for five years in six headwater streams in the Hinkle Creek basin in southern Oregon. After four years, four of the streams were harvested and vegetated RMAs were not left between the streams and harvest units. The watersheds of the two remaining streams were not disturbed. Post-harvest stream temperatures were monitored for one year in all six streams. Each harvested stream was paired with one unharvested stream and regression relationships for maximum, minimum and mean daily stream temperatures were developed. Changes to temperatures of harvested streams were detected by comparing the mean pre-harvest regression relationship to the mean post-harvest relationship. Change detection analyses that considered the mean response among all four harvested streams indicated that maximum daily stream temperatures did not increase after harvesting, but that minimum and mean daily temperatures decreased significantly after harvesting. Additionally, diel stream temperature fluctuations were significantly greater one year after harvesting. Pre- and post-harvest surveys of canopy closure in the harvested and unharvested streams were completed in order to compare levels of stream shading before and after harvest. The post-harvest survey quantified canopy closure from remaining overstory vegetation as well as from logging slash that partially covered the harvested streams. The surveys indicated that mean overstory canopy closure in the harvested streams decreased by 84% as a result of the harvest, but as the logging slash provided considerable cover, total canopy closure decreased by only 20%. It is possible that the logging slash effectively attenuated solar radiation and prevented extreme temperature increases in the harvested streams. However, it is likely that streamflow increased after harvesting and that the increased streamflow also prevented increases to maximum temperatures and contributed to lower minimum and mean stream temperatures. Title: The influence of contemporary forest harvesting on summer stream temperatures in headwater streams of Hinkle Creek, Oregon Author: Kibler, Kelly Maren Stream temperature is a water quality parameter that directly influences the quality of aquatic habitat, particularly for cold-water species such as Pacific salmonids. Forest harvesting adjacent to a stream can increase the amount of solar radiation the stream receives, which can elevate stream temperatures and impair aquatic habitat. Oregon Forest Practice Rules mandate that forest operators leave Riparian Management Areas (RMAs) adjacent to streams in order to minimize the water quality impacts from forest harvesting. However, RMAs that contain overstory merchantable conifers are not required for small non-fish-bearing streams in Oregon, thus there is potential for increases in stream temperature to occur in headwater streams after harvesting. There is concern that increases in stream temperatures and changes to onsite processes in non-fish-bearing, headwater streams may propagate downstream and impair habitat in fish-bearing streams. The objectives of the following work are to assess the effects of contemporary forest management practices on stream temperatures of small non-fish-bearing headwater streams and to develop new knowledge regarding the physical processes that control reach-level stream temperature patterns. Summer stream temperatures were measured for five years in six headwater streams in the Hinkle Creek basin in southern Oregon. After four years, four of the streams were harvested and vegetated RMAs were not left between the streams and harvest units. The watersheds of the two remaining streams were not disturbed. Post-harvest stream temperatures were monitored for one year in all six streams. Each harvested stream was paired with one unharvested stream and regression relationships for maximum, minimum and mean daily stream temperatures were developed. Changes to temperatures of harvested streams were detected by comparing the mean pre-harvest regression relationship to the mean post-harvest relationship. Change detection analyses that considered the mean response among all four harvested streams indicated that maximum daily stream temperatures did not increase after harvesting, but that minimum and mean daily temperatures decreased significantly after harvesting. Additionally, diel stream temperature fluctuations were significantly greater one year after harvesting. Pre- and post-harvest surveys of canopy closure in the harvested and unharvested streams were completed in order to compare levels of stream shading before and after harvest. The post-harvest survey quantified canopy closure from remaining overstory vegetation as well as from logging slash that partially covered the harvested streams. The surveys indicated that mean overstory canopy closure in the harvested streams decreased by 84% as a result of the harvest, but as the logging slash provided considerable cover, total canopy closure decreased by only 20%. It is possible that the logging slash effectively attenuated solar radiation and prevented extreme temperature increases in the harvested streams. However, it is likely that streamflow increased after harvesting and that the increased streamflow also prevented increases to maximum temperatures and contributed to lower minimum and mean stream temperatures. Close

• 18. [Article] Using Spatial Resampling to Assess Redd Count Survey Length Requirements for Pacific Lamprey

  To the best of our knowledge, one or more authors of this paper were federal employees when contributing to this work. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The article is copyrighted by the American Fisheries ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Using Spatial Resampling to Assess Redd Count Survey Length Requirements for Pacific Lamprey Author: Schultz, L. D., Colvin, M. E., Mayfield, M. P., Wyss, L. A., Schreck, C. B. To the best of our knowledge, one or more authors of this paper were federal employees when contributing to this work. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The article is copyrighted by the American Fisheries Society and published by Taylor & Francis. It can be found at: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/ujfm20#.VJnE_s_AAA. Title: Using Spatial Resampling to Assess Redd Count Survey Length Requirements for Pacific Lamprey Author: Schultz, L. D., Colvin, M. E., Mayfield, M. P., Wyss, L. A., Schreck, C. B. To the best of our knowledge, one or more authors of this paper were federal employees when contributing to this work. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The article is copyrighted by the American Fisheries Society and published by Taylor & Francis. It can be found at: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/ujfm20#.VJnE_s_AAA. Close

• 19. [Article] The application of spatial data analysis and visualization in the development of landscape indicators to assess stream conditions

  The main theme of this research is the application of geographic techniques in a study involving environmental monitoring and analysis of the associations between landscape and in-stream characteristics ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The application of spatial data analysis and visualization in the development of landscape indicators to assess stream conditions Author: Buckley, Aileen R. The main theme of this research is the application of geographic techniques in a study involving environmental monitoring and analysis of the associations between landscape and in-stream characteristics in the Pacific Northwest. The geographic techniques used in this study include (1) geographic information systems (GIS) coupled with statistical analysis and (2) geographic visualization. The study area comprised 44 stream sampling sites and their respective watersheds in the Willamette River Basin of western Oregon. The first paper in this dissertation is a literature review of scientific visualization relative to the field of geography. Integrating more traditional techniques of cartographic lineage with new methods of geographic visualization, this chapter introduces terminology related to geographic visualization as well as a variety of methods for the visualization of multivariate spatial data. The second paper describes the use of scientific visualization to generate a composite indicator of landscape stress (i.e., a robust metric that represents multiple integrated characteristics of landscape disturbance). Through a unique approach, the power of the human visual system was used to synthesize multiple attributes of the landscape in mean ranks of watershed stress. Participants in this study were consistently able to distinguish between sites, and they were generally in agreement on how to rank sites. The final paper describes the more traditional "lumped landscape" approach to indicator development and examines inherent scale properties of spatial data that may affect the generation of landscape indicators as well as the outcomes of statistical and GIS analyses in which they are used. In this study, grain (the finest level of resolution), extent (the area under consideration), and level of generalization in classification were systematically manipulated to determine effects of varying spatial scale properties on the generation of landscape metrics. Resolution of the data sets and differences between sites accounted for most of the variation in the landscape indicators generated. Together these three papers describe and demonstrate the important role that geographic techniques, in particular GIS coupled with statistical analysis and visualization can play in better understanding our environment. Title: The application of spatial data analysis and visualization in the development of landscape indicators to assess stream conditions Author: Buckley, Aileen R. The main theme of this research is the application of geographic techniques in a study involving environmental monitoring and analysis of the associations between landscape and in-stream characteristics in the Pacific Northwest. The geographic techniques used in this study include (1) geographic information systems (GIS) coupled with statistical analysis and (2) geographic visualization. The study area comprised 44 stream sampling sites and their respective watersheds in the Willamette River Basin of western Oregon. The first paper in this dissertation is a literature review of scientific visualization relative to the field of geography. Integrating more traditional techniques of cartographic lineage with new methods of geographic visualization, this chapter introduces terminology related to geographic visualization as well as a variety of methods for the visualization of multivariate spatial data. The second paper describes the use of scientific visualization to generate a composite indicator of landscape stress (i.e., a robust metric that represents multiple integrated characteristics of landscape disturbance). Through a unique approach, the power of the human visual system was used to synthesize multiple attributes of the landscape in mean ranks of watershed stress. Participants in this study were consistently able to distinguish between sites, and they were generally in agreement on how to rank sites. The final paper describes the more traditional "lumped landscape" approach to indicator development and examines inherent scale properties of spatial data that may affect the generation of landscape indicators as well as the outcomes of statistical and GIS analyses in which they are used. In this study, grain (the finest level of resolution), extent (the area under consideration), and level of generalization in classification were systematically manipulated to determine effects of varying spatial scale properties on the generation of landscape metrics. Resolution of the data sets and differences between sites accounted for most of the variation in the landscape indicators generated. Together these three papers describe and demonstrate the important role that geographic techniques, in particular GIS coupled with statistical analysis and visualization can play in better understanding our environment. Close

• 20. [Article] An evaluation of the oxygen resources in the lower Willamette River during a critical low flow period

  The lower Willamette River, located between river mile 4.0 and 26.5, is the most seriously polluted section of the Willamette River Basin. Low dissolved oxygen concentrations of 2.0 to 3.0 mg/1 are observed ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: An evaluation of the oxygen resources in the lower Willamette River during a critical low flow period Author: Kari, Earl Nyhus The lower Willamette River, located between river mile 4.0 and 26.5, is the most seriously polluted section of the Willamette River Basin. Low dissolved oxygen concentrations of 2.0 to 3.0 mg/1 are observed annually in this section of the river due to the pollutional loads discharged into it. Waste discharges originate from upstream sources, from two large pulp and paper mills at river mile 26.5, treated domestic sewage from several small communities, from several sewer outfalls in the Portland Harbor, and from other miscellaneous sources. These total waste loads discharged, during the summer low flow period, are equal in pollutional capacity to the wastes from an equivalent population of 484,000. Of this total load, wastes from the two pulp and paper mills account for an equivalent population of 350,000. A better understanding of the dissolved oxygen resources of this section of the river is necessary for water quality management. Analyses of the dissolved oxygen resources in this section of the river indicate that sludge deposits may be located in the river between river miles 26.5 and 19.0. These deposits exert a large demand on the dissolved oxygen present. The magnitude of this dissolved oxygen demand is about 34,000 pounds per day. Results of this study indicate that the source of this pollutional loading originates between river miles 26.5 and 19.0. It is further indicated that a detailed on-site survey of this section of the stream and possible waste contributors should be undertaken to provide information necessary for restoration of water quality. Title: An evaluation of the oxygen resources in the lower Willamette River during a critical low flow period Author: Kari, Earl Nyhus The lower Willamette River, located between river mile 4.0 and 26.5, is the most seriously polluted section of the Willamette River Basin. Low dissolved oxygen concentrations of 2.0 to 3.0 mg/1 are observed annually in this section of the river due to the pollutional loads discharged into it. Waste discharges originate from upstream sources, from two large pulp and paper mills at river mile 26.5, treated domestic sewage from several small communities, from several sewer outfalls in the Portland Harbor, and from other miscellaneous sources. These total waste loads discharged, during the summer low flow period, are equal in pollutional capacity to the wastes from an equivalent population of 484,000. Of this total load, wastes from the two pulp and paper mills account for an equivalent population of 350,000. A better understanding of the dissolved oxygen resources of this section of the river is necessary for water quality management. Analyses of the dissolved oxygen resources in this section of the river indicate that sludge deposits may be located in the river between river miles 26.5 and 19.0. These deposits exert a large demand on the dissolved oxygen present. The magnitude of this dissolved oxygen demand is about 34,000 pounds per day. Results of this study indicate that the source of this pollutional loading originates between river miles 26.5 and 19.0. It is further indicated that a detailed on-site survey of this section of the stream and possible waste contributors should be undertaken to provide information necessary for restoration of water quality. Close