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• 1. [Article] Jordan/Alder Watershed Assessment

  The Jordan/Alder Watershed is a 2,459-acre watershed located in southwest Oregon immediately west of Canyonville in Douglas County. This watershed--a portion of the O'Shea Creek HUC6, or sixth-field watershed--lies ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Jordan/Alder Watershed Assessment Author: Barnes and Associates Inc. The Jordan/Alder Watershed is a 2,459-acre watershed located in southwest Oregon immediately west of Canyonville in Douglas County. This watershed--a portion of the O'Shea Creek HUC6, or sixth-field watershed--lies within the bounds of the South Umpqua River HUC5, or fifth-field watershed. Jordan Creek is a tributary to the South Umpqua River immediately downstream of the City of Canyonville, while Alder Creek is a tributary of Jordan Creek. The South Umpqua River bounds the watershed on the north. Title: Jordan/Alder Watershed Assessment Author: Barnes and Associates Inc. The Jordan/Alder Watershed is a 2,459-acre watershed located in southwest Oregon immediately west of Canyonville in Douglas County. This watershed--a portion of the O'Shea Creek HUC6, or sixth-field watershed--lies within the bounds of the South Umpqua River HUC5, or fifth-field watershed. Jordan Creek is a tributary to the South Umpqua River immediately downstream of the City of Canyonville, while Alder Creek is a tributary of Jordan Creek. The South Umpqua River bounds the watershed on the north. Close

• 2. [Article] BLM addendum for Lower North Umpqua Watershed assessment : fifth field watershed

  Within the Lower North Umpqua watershed, BLM has acquired approximately 6,600 acres of land specifically to manage habitat to enhance the Columbian White-tailed Deer (CWTD). This area is called the North ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: BLM addendum for Lower North Umpqua Watershed assessment : fifth field watershed Author: U.S. Department of Interior Bureau of Land Management Within the Lower North Umpqua watershed, BLM has acquired approximately 6,600 acres of land specifically to manage habitat to enhance the Columbian White-tailed Deer (CWTD). This area is called the North Bank Habitat Management Area (NBHMA) and will be managed as described in the NBHMA Environmental Impact Statement. The BLM also manages an additional 5,780 acres for multiple use objectives. These lands are mostly scattered in the headwater region in the north and northwest of the watershed. Within the next five to ten years, it is likely that the Swiftwater Field Manager will need to be involved in some aspect of decision-making on those 5,780 acres with the following general areas. These areas have been used to help guide the key questions, the information to answer those questions, and the resulting management opportunities. A major assumption in the development of these key questions is that the Roseburg District Resource Management Plan (RMP) has given some prescriptive measures through the landscape land use allocations. Because the RMP sets standards and guidelines on each land use allocation and the kinds of activities that can occur in those land uses, this watershed assessment seeks to provide information to guide decision making within those overarching planning parameters. Title: BLM addendum for Lower North Umpqua Watershed assessment : fifth field watershed Author: U.S. Department of Interior Bureau of Land Management Within the Lower North Umpqua watershed, BLM has acquired approximately 6,600 acres of land specifically to manage habitat to enhance the Columbian White-tailed Deer (CWTD). This area is called the North Bank Habitat Management Area (NBHMA) and will be managed as described in the NBHMA Environmental Impact Statement. The BLM also manages an additional 5,780 acres for multiple use objectives. These lands are mostly scattered in the headwater region in the north and northwest of the watershed. Within the next five to ten years, it is likely that the Swiftwater Field Manager will need to be involved in some aspect of decision-making on those 5,780 acres with the following general areas. These areas have been used to help guide the key questions, the information to answer those questions, and the resulting management opportunities. A major assumption in the development of these key questions is that the Roseburg District Resource Management Plan (RMP) has given some prescriptive measures through the landscape land use allocations. Because the RMP sets standards and guidelines on each land use allocation and the kinds of activities that can occur in those land uses, this watershed assessment seeks to provide information to guide decision making within those overarching planning parameters. Close

• 3. [Article] Lower North Umpqua Watershed assessment and action plan

  The introduction provides a general description of the watershed in terms of its natural and human-made features, ownership and current land uses, and the communities within the watershed. Information ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Lower North Umpqua Watershed assessment and action plan Author: Geyer, Nancy A. The introduction provides a general description of the watershed in terms of its natural and human-made features, ownership and current land uses, and the communities within the watershed. Information in sections 1.2 and 1.3 was compiled from the Oregon Watershed Assessment Manual (Watershed Professionals Network, 1999), the Calapooya Creek Watershed Analysis (USDI Bureau of Land Management, 1999), the Lower South Umpqua Watershed Analysis (USDI Bureau of Land Management, 2000), and the Middle South Umpqua Watershed Analysis (USDI Bureau of Land Management, 1999). Additional information is from the following sources’ databases: The Oregon Climate Service, the US Census Bureau, and the Douglas County Assessor. Title: Lower North Umpqua Watershed assessment and action plan Author: Geyer, Nancy A. The introduction provides a general description of the watershed in terms of its natural and human-made features, ownership and current land uses, and the communities within the watershed. Information in sections 1.2 and 1.3 was compiled from the Oregon Watershed Assessment Manual (Watershed Professionals Network, 1999), the Calapooya Creek Watershed Analysis (USDI Bureau of Land Management, 1999), the Lower South Umpqua Watershed Analysis (USDI Bureau of Land Management, 2000), and the Middle South Umpqua Watershed Analysis (USDI Bureau of Land Management, 1999). Additional information is from the following sources’ databases: The Oregon Climate Service, the US Census Bureau, and the Douglas County Assessor. Close

• 4. [Article] Deer Creek Watershed assessment and action plan

  The Deer Creek Watershed Assessment process has been followed by a group of local landowners. The organization of this document was constructed as a combination of the informational needs of the Deer Creek ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Deer Creek Watershed assessment and action plan Author: Kincaid, Heidi The Deer Creek Watershed Assessment process has been followed by a group of local landowners. The organization of this document was constructed as a combination of the informational needs of the Deer Creek landowners and the framework of the Oregon Watershed Assessment Manual. The group has met twelve times to review the data going into the document, followed by three meetings to review the assessment and develop the action plan. Members of the Deer Creek landowner group represented sheep ranches, cattle ranches, industry within Deer Creek, the City of Roseburg, private industrial timber companies, city residents, rural residents, the UBWC, the Bureau of Land Management (BLM), the Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ), the Douglas Soil and Water Conservation District (DSWCD), and the Douglas Small Woodlands Association. Title: Deer Creek Watershed assessment and action plan Author: Kincaid, Heidi The Deer Creek Watershed Assessment process has been followed by a group of local landowners. The organization of this document was constructed as a combination of the informational needs of the Deer Creek landowners and the framework of the Oregon Watershed Assessment Manual. The group has met twelve times to review the data going into the document, followed by three meetings to review the assessment and develop the action plan. Members of the Deer Creek landowner group represented sheep ranches, cattle ranches, industry within Deer Creek, the City of Roseburg, private industrial timber companies, city residents, rural residents, the UBWC, the Bureau of Land Management (BLM), the Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ), the Douglas Soil and Water Conservation District (DSWCD), and the Douglas Small Woodlands Association. Close

• 5. [Article] The effects of hillslope and fluvial processes on particle size of the stream bed at the watershed, reach and within-reach scales in a fifth-order mountain stream

  This study addressed the effects of hilislope and fiuvial processes on spatial patterns of stream bed particle size at the watershed, reach and within-reach scales. The study was conducted in Lookout Creek ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The effects of hillslope and fluvial processes on particle size of the stream bed at the watershed, reach and within-reach scales in a fifth-order mountain stream Author: Lambert, Beth C. This study addressed the effects of hilislope and fiuvial processes on spatial patterns of stream bed particle size at the watershed, reach and within-reach scales. The study was conducted in Lookout Creek watershed, a fifth-order, 64 km2 basin in the Western Cascades mountains of Oregon. Stream bed particle size was measured at 25 sites on first- through fifth-order streams. Boulder density was measured from the headwaters of the mainstem of Lookout Creek to its mouth, approximately 16 kilometers of stream length. In Lookout Creek watershed, spatial patterns of particle size result from a hierarchy of hydraulic and hilislope controls. At the watershed scale, hydraulic controls explain around 50% of the variation in d50 and d84. Particle size is related to watershed-scale trends in stream power and stream competence. At the reach scale, debris flows and landslides leave a patchy signature on stream bed particle size. Patches of both high and low boulder density are associated with landslides. A peak in density is associated with a February 1996 debris flow. Hydraulic controls are less evident at this scale, although the degree of reach constraint may affect particle size in fourth- and fifth-order Lookout Creek. At the within-reach scale, hydraulic controls are responsible for around 20% of the observed particle size variation. The effects of the largest flood on record at Lookout Creek were documented at 7 sites that had been sampled before the flood. At the watershed scale, a fining in particle size was observed; this is consistent with the hypothesis that Lookout Creek has an armor layer which the flood disturbed. At the within-reach scale, changes in particle size appeared stochastic, and provided little information about the role of hydraulic controls at that scale. Title: The effects of hillslope and fluvial processes on particle size of the stream bed at the watershed, reach and within-reach scales in a fifth-order mountain stream Author: Lambert, Beth C. This study addressed the effects of hilislope and fiuvial processes on spatial patterns of stream bed particle size at the watershed, reach and within-reach scales. The study was conducted in Lookout Creek watershed, a fifth-order, 64 km2 basin in the Western Cascades mountains of Oregon. Stream bed particle size was measured at 25 sites on first- through fifth-order streams. Boulder density was measured from the headwaters of the mainstem of Lookout Creek to its mouth, approximately 16 kilometers of stream length. In Lookout Creek watershed, spatial patterns of particle size result from a hierarchy of hydraulic and hilislope controls. At the watershed scale, hydraulic controls explain around 50% of the variation in d50 and d84. Particle size is related to watershed-scale trends in stream power and stream competence. At the reach scale, debris flows and landslides leave a patchy signature on stream bed particle size. Patches of both high and low boulder density are associated with landslides. A peak in density is associated with a February 1996 debris flow. Hydraulic controls are less evident at this scale, although the degree of reach constraint may affect particle size in fourth- and fifth-order Lookout Creek. At the within-reach scale, hydraulic controls are responsible for around 20% of the observed particle size variation. The effects of the largest flood on record at Lookout Creek were documented at 7 sites that had been sampled before the flood. At the watershed scale, a fining in particle size was observed; this is consistent with the hypothesis that Lookout Creek has an armor layer which the flood disturbed. At the within-reach scale, changes in particle size appeared stochastic, and provided little information about the role of hydraulic controls at that scale. Close

• 6. [Article] Water over stones : Oregon watershed stories

  The 13 personal essays in Water over Stones: Oregon Watershed Stories explore the author's experiences in dozens of Oregon watersheds. Using the genre of the personal essay, the author, a fifth-generation ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Water over stones : Oregon watershed stories Author: Oberst, Gail D. The 13 personal essays in Water over Stones: Oregon Watershed Stories explore the author's experiences in dozens of Oregon watersheds. Using the genre of the personal essay, the author, a fifth-generation Oregonian and amateur ecologist, writes about her life and family relationships in stories that are saturated with the waters in which they have lived, logged, fished, and died. These stories are no defense of her family's past. but neither are they a condemnation. Rather, these personal essays are an inside look at the conflicts that arise in the author and in her family relationships when she discovers a protective love of her watersheds, marries an environmental scientist and then tries to negotiate her family's values with environmental values attached to her home waters. This negotiation dives deep into personal waters that flow from childhood anger to religious ecstasy. The author's negotiation of these waters demonstrates the personal essay's unique use as a tool for exploring issues that underlie the science of watershed; specifically: people and their relationships to each other and to their waters. These essays are drawn from the author's experiences in watersheds as wild as Lawson Creek in the Kalmiopsis Wilderness, where her family was lost, and as tame as Ash Creek in the Willamette Valley, where she now lives. Title: Water over stones : Oregon watershed stories Author: Oberst, Gail D. The 13 personal essays in Water over Stones: Oregon Watershed Stories explore the author's experiences in dozens of Oregon watersheds. Using the genre of the personal essay, the author, a fifth-generation Oregonian and amateur ecologist, writes about her life and family relationships in stories that are saturated with the waters in which they have lived, logged, fished, and died. These stories are no defense of her family's past. but neither are they a condemnation. Rather, these personal essays are an inside look at the conflicts that arise in the author and in her family relationships when she discovers a protective love of her watersheds, marries an environmental scientist and then tries to negotiate her family's values with environmental values attached to her home waters. This negotiation dives deep into personal waters that flow from childhood anger to religious ecstasy. The author's negotiation of these waters demonstrates the personal essay's unique use as a tool for exploring issues that underlie the science of watershed; specifically: people and their relationships to each other and to their waters. These essays are drawn from the author's experiences in watersheds as wild as Lawson Creek in the Kalmiopsis Wilderness, where her family was lost, and as tame as Ash Creek in the Willamette Valley, where she now lives. Close

• 7. [Article] MidCoast sixth field watershed assessment : final report

  The study area for this assessment is composed of the Alsea, Salmon, Siletz, Yachats, and Yaquina River watersheds and those watersheds that drain directly to the ocean between Cascade Head and Cape Creek ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: MidCoast sixth field watershed assessment : final report Author: Garono, Ralph J., Brophy, Laura The study area for this assessment is composed of the Alsea, Salmon, Siletz, Yachats, and Yaquina River watersheds and those watersheds that drain directly to the ocean between Cascade Head and Cape Creek at Heceta Head (Ocean Tributaries). Wherever possible, 1:24,000 uniform scale geographic information system (GIS) data that covered the entire study area were used in this assessment. Goals of this study include, (1) a summary of current conditions for each 6th field watershed; and (2) recommendations for monitoring and management actions for prioritized 6th field watersheds. Title: MidCoast sixth field watershed assessment : final report Author: Garono, Ralph J., Brophy, Laura The study area for this assessment is composed of the Alsea, Salmon, Siletz, Yachats, and Yaquina River watersheds and those watersheds that drain directly to the ocean between Cascade Head and Cape Creek at Heceta Head (Ocean Tributaries). Wherever possible, 1:24,000 uniform scale geographic information system (GIS) data that covered the entire study area were used in this assessment. Goals of this study include, (1) a summary of current conditions for each 6th field watershed; and (2) recommendations for monitoring and management actions for prioritized 6th field watersheds. Close

• 8. [Article] Stream channel response to peak flows in a fifth-order mountain watershed

  This investigation explored how the magnitude, style, and frequency of channel adjustments vary spatially and over time within a 5th-order mountain watershed. Historical data sets, including repeated cross ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Stream channel response to peak flows in a fifth-order mountain watershed Author: Faustini, John M. This investigation explored how the magnitude, style, and frequency of channel adjustments vary spatially and over time within a 5th-order mountain watershed. Historical data sets, including repeated cross section surveys spanning up to 20 years at five sites on 2nd to 5th-order channels and streamflow records spanning up to 50 years, were supplemented by mapping and field reconnaissance activities. The study had two major parts. The first focused on two adjacent, contrasting stream reaches to examine the influence of large woody debris (LWD) on channel morphology and channel response to peak flows in a 3rd-order stream. The upper reach flows through old-growth forest with abundant LWD, while the lower reach was clearcut in 1964-65 and contains little LWD. A 25-year flood in 1996 caused deposition upstream of LWD steps in the old-growth reach alternating with scour between steps, resulting in no net gain or loss of sediment within the reach, while extensive scour and coarsening of the bed occurred in the clearcut reach. These observations suggest that reach-scale channel response was strongly influenced by LWD abundance, but that response at finer scales depends critically on the details of the location and arrangement of LWD. The second part of the study examined the dynamics of channel response to peak flows over two decades, and to two particular large floods during that period, in different portions of the channel network. The cross section data show that the streambed at the study sites is very stable, particularly in lower-order channels. Peak flows that produced detectable change at 90% of cross sections-flows able to cause significant channel adjustments-recur approximately three times as frequently (every 6-7 years) in 4`" to 5`h-order Lookout Creek as in 3rd-order Mack Creek (20-25 years). Flows that produced detectable change at 25% of cross sections are estimated to occur on average every 1.7 to 3.0 years at the study sites. It is estimated that if peak flows of all sizes were increased by only 10% due to anthropogenic impacts (e.g., logging) or climate change, the frequency of peak flows of a magnitude observed to produce significant channel adjustments would increase by approximately 30% in Lookout Creek and 60% in Mack Creek. Title: Stream channel response to peak flows in a fifth-order mountain watershed Author: Faustini, John M. This investigation explored how the magnitude, style, and frequency of channel adjustments vary spatially and over time within a 5th-order mountain watershed. Historical data sets, including repeated cross section surveys spanning up to 20 years at five sites on 2nd to 5th-order channels and streamflow records spanning up to 50 years, were supplemented by mapping and field reconnaissance activities. The study had two major parts. The first focused on two adjacent, contrasting stream reaches to examine the influence of large woody debris (LWD) on channel morphology and channel response to peak flows in a 3rd-order stream. The upper reach flows through old-growth forest with abundant LWD, while the lower reach was clearcut in 1964-65 and contains little LWD. A 25-year flood in 1996 caused deposition upstream of LWD steps in the old-growth reach alternating with scour between steps, resulting in no net gain or loss of sediment within the reach, while extensive scour and coarsening of the bed occurred in the clearcut reach. These observations suggest that reach-scale channel response was strongly influenced by LWD abundance, but that response at finer scales depends critically on the details of the location and arrangement of LWD. The second part of the study examined the dynamics of channel response to peak flows over two decades, and to two particular large floods during that period, in different portions of the channel network. The cross section data show that the streambed at the study sites is very stable, particularly in lower-order channels. Peak flows that produced detectable change at 90% of cross sections-flows able to cause significant channel adjustments-recur approximately three times as frequently (every 6-7 years) in 4`" to 5`h-order Lookout Creek as in 3rd-order Mack Creek (20-25 years). Flows that produced detectable change at 25% of cross sections are estimated to occur on average every 1.7 to 3.0 years at the study sites. It is estimated that if peak flows of all sizes were increased by only 10% due to anthropogenic impacts (e.g., logging) or climate change, the frequency of peak flows of a magnitude observed to produce significant channel adjustments would increase by approximately 30% in Lookout Creek and 60% in Mack Creek. Close

• 9. [Article] USDA report on water and related land resources, Middle Willamette River Basin, Oregon

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: USDA report on water and related land resources, Middle Willamette River Basin, Oregon Author: USDA Oregon River Basin Survey Party, Oregon. State Water Resources Board, United States. Dept. of Agriculture. Economic Research Service, United States. Soil Conservation Service, USDA Field Advisory Committee, United States. Forest Service Title: USDA report on water and related land resources, Middle Willamette River Basin, Oregon Author: USDA Oregon River Basin Survey Party, Oregon. State Water Resources Board, United States. Dept. of Agriculture. Economic Research Service, United States. Soil Conservation Service, USDA Field Advisory Committee, United States. Forest Service Close

• 10. [Article] Early stages in plant succession on Douglas fir clearcuts on the Mary's Peak watershed near Corvallis, Oregon

  This study has been concerned with the patterns of vegetative changes which occur during the first five years following logging and burning on Douglas-fir clear cuts. Knowledge of the successional sequence in ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Early stages in plant succession on Douglas fir clearcuts on the Mary's Peak watershed near Corvallis, Oregon Author: Brown, Eugene Allen This study has been concerned with the patterns of vegetative changes which occur during the first five years following logging and burning on Douglas-fir clear cuts. Knowledge of the successional sequence in the coastal forests of western Oregon is of primary importance to those concerned with the management of this resource. From the more theoretical point of view, there are many unique features associated with this type of vegetation of special interest to the ecologist. Published accounts of studies in Oregon and Washington have been of a generalized nature. None have approached a localized area with the degree of intensity attempted in this study. Due to its close proximity to Oregon State University and the cutting and burning history of the area, the Mary's Peak Watershed has been especially suitable for this study. Mary's Peak is the highest point of the Oregon Coast range having an elevation of 4,097 feet. The Corvallis watershed is located on the eastern slope of the peak and includes both the Rock Creek and Griffith Creek drainages. The area is about five miles long east and west by four miles north and south. The area is managed as a unit by the United States Forest Service. Due to the marine influence, the area has a humid climate averaging approximately 65 inches of precipitation annually with an annual mean temperature of approximately 52°F. Soils are basaltic in origin and are primarily clay loam in texture. In 1950, an epidemic of Douglas fir bark beetles made necessary a program of development which included cutting of dead and infected trees and establishing a road system. Cutting was restricted to small clear cuts. The vegetation in the study area is a Douglas fir-vine maple association. Gaultheria shallon and Berberis nervosa dominate the forest floor with traces of Castanopsis, Corylus, and Cornus. Study plots were located on nine clear cut and burned areas ranging in elevation from 1,300 to 2,800 feet and including north, south, and east exposures. Nineteen study plots, which were 100 x 100 feet, were established in uniform vegetative areas. Plots were also established in the undisturbed areas adjacent to the clear cuts for comparative purposes. Vegetative sampling was done using a device called an ocular point frame which provided a reliable indication of vegetative cover. Sampling was done in both the spring and fall on the second, third, fourth, and fifth years following burning. The stable undisturbed vegetation was sampled only once. Results of the five-year study showed a general increase in total number of plant species. The average total vegetative cover rose abruptly the third, fourth, and fifth years. An analysis indicated that south exposed plots had the greatest vegetative cover the first five years after burning. East plots ranked second and north plots third. By the fourth year, average cover values on clear cut areas exceeded the cover values of understory vegetation on the adjacent uncut forest. Analysis of data regarding seasonal variation indicated sharp decreases in total cover from spring to fall during the first three years. Increasing amounts of perennial vegetation during the fourth and fifth years reduced this seasonal variation markedly. In terms of mean cover trends, the annual herb, Senecio sylvaticus, dominated the second year; Lotus stipularis and Circium vulgare, the third; Lotus and Holcus lanatus , the fourth and fifth. All plant species indicated a wide range of cover values on the plots sampled. Some consistent trends in the sequence of cover dominance are noted. Title: Early stages in plant succession on Douglas fir clearcuts on the Mary's Peak watershed near Corvallis, Oregon Author: Brown, Eugene Allen This study has been concerned with the patterns of vegetative changes which occur during the first five years following logging and burning on Douglas-fir clear cuts. Knowledge of the successional sequence in the coastal forests of western Oregon is of primary importance to those concerned with the management of this resource. From the more theoretical point of view, there are many unique features associated with this type of vegetation of special interest to the ecologist. Published accounts of studies in Oregon and Washington have been of a generalized nature. None have approached a localized area with the degree of intensity attempted in this study. Due to its close proximity to Oregon State University and the cutting and burning history of the area, the Mary's Peak Watershed has been especially suitable for this study. Mary's Peak is the highest point of the Oregon Coast range having an elevation of 4,097 feet. The Corvallis watershed is located on the eastern slope of the peak and includes both the Rock Creek and Griffith Creek drainages. The area is about five miles long east and west by four miles north and south. The area is managed as a unit by the United States Forest Service. Due to the marine influence, the area has a humid climate averaging approximately 65 inches of precipitation annually with an annual mean temperature of approximately 52°F. Soils are basaltic in origin and are primarily clay loam in texture. In 1950, an epidemic of Douglas fir bark beetles made necessary a program of development which included cutting of dead and infected trees and establishing a road system. Cutting was restricted to small clear cuts. The vegetation in the study area is a Douglas fir-vine maple association. Gaultheria shallon and Berberis nervosa dominate the forest floor with traces of Castanopsis, Corylus, and Cornus. Study plots were located on nine clear cut and burned areas ranging in elevation from 1,300 to 2,800 feet and including north, south, and east exposures. Nineteen study plots, which were 100 x 100 feet, were established in uniform vegetative areas. Plots were also established in the undisturbed areas adjacent to the clear cuts for comparative purposes. Vegetative sampling was done using a device called an ocular point frame which provided a reliable indication of vegetative cover. Sampling was done in both the spring and fall on the second, third, fourth, and fifth years following burning. The stable undisturbed vegetation was sampled only once. Results of the five-year study showed a general increase in total number of plant species. The average total vegetative cover rose abruptly the third, fourth, and fifth years. An analysis indicated that south exposed plots had the greatest vegetative cover the first five years after burning. East plots ranked second and north plots third. By the fourth year, average cover values on clear cut areas exceeded the cover values of understory vegetation on the adjacent uncut forest. Analysis of data regarding seasonal variation indicated sharp decreases in total cover from spring to fall during the first three years. Increasing amounts of perennial vegetation during the fourth and fifth years reduced this seasonal variation markedly. In terms of mean cover trends, the annual herb, Senecio sylvaticus, dominated the second year; Lotus stipularis and Circium vulgare, the third; Lotus and Holcus lanatus , the fourth and fifth. All plant species indicated a wide range of cover values on the plots sampled. Some consistent trends in the sequence of cover dominance are noted. Close

• 11. [Article] Agricultural impacts on amphibian survival, growth, and distributions

  The potential impact of chemical contaminants and conservation practices on amphibians in agricultural landscapes is a key research topic globally. Amphibians represent a common group in many freshwater ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Agricultural impacts on amphibian survival, growth, and distributions Author: Baker, Nick J. The potential impact of chemical contaminants and conservation practices on amphibians in agricultural landscapes is a key research topic globally. Amphibians represent a common group in many freshwater systems and are currently experiencing worldwide population declines. Global amphibian declines may be attributed to a number of causes, including habitat loss, introduced species, global climate change, disease, and chemical contaminants; most species declines are not a function of only one factor, but a result of interacting factors and synergistic impacts. I analyzed the impact of field conservation efforts employed in the Calapooia watershed, located in the central Willamette Valley in Oregon, on amphibian species diversity using Simpson's Diversity Index. In the Calapooia watershed the value of this index increased when conservation efforts, such as retaining crop residue and riparian buffers, were present. This suggests that species diversity increased with increased conservation effort at the field level. In addition, I found species-specific habitat associations in the Calapooia watershed. Long-toed salamanders (Ambystoma macrodactylum) were associated with stream channel cover. Rough-skinned newts (Taricha granulosa) and Red-legged frogs (Rana aurora) showed similar relationships to pH, bank width, depth, and riparian habitat where as Pacific treefrogs (Pseudacris regilla) showed strong relationships to increased structural heterogeneity, increased distance to nearest agricultural field, and increased human disturbance. These results indicate that conservation efforts can impact amphibian biodiversity, and that there are species-specific habitat associations in the Calapooia watershed. My third chapter looked at pesticides and fertilizers, which have been shown to negatively affect many species of amphibians. I used meta-analytic techniques to quantify the lethal and sub-lethal effects of pesticides and fertilizers on amphibians in an effort to review the published work to date. I found that, in general, pesticides and fertilizers negatively affect amphibians by reducing both survival and growth. Pesticide and fertilizer chemical classes showed differences in their impacts on amphibians: inorganic fertilizers, organophosphates, phosphonoglycines, and triazines negatively affected amphibian survival, while, organophosphates and triazines negatively affected amphibian growth. Title: Agricultural impacts on amphibian survival, growth, and distributions Author: Baker, Nick J. The potential impact of chemical contaminants and conservation practices on amphibians in agricultural landscapes is a key research topic globally. Amphibians represent a common group in many freshwater systems and are currently experiencing worldwide population declines. Global amphibian declines may be attributed to a number of causes, including habitat loss, introduced species, global climate change, disease, and chemical contaminants; most species declines are not a function of only one factor, but a result of interacting factors and synergistic impacts. I analyzed the impact of field conservation efforts employed in the Calapooia watershed, located in the central Willamette Valley in Oregon, on amphibian species diversity using Simpson's Diversity Index. In the Calapooia watershed the value of this index increased when conservation efforts, such as retaining crop residue and riparian buffers, were present. This suggests that species diversity increased with increased conservation effort at the field level. In addition, I found species-specific habitat associations in the Calapooia watershed. Long-toed salamanders (Ambystoma macrodactylum) were associated with stream channel cover. Rough-skinned newts (Taricha granulosa) and Red-legged frogs (Rana aurora) showed similar relationships to pH, bank width, depth, and riparian habitat where as Pacific treefrogs (Pseudacris regilla) showed strong relationships to increased structural heterogeneity, increased distance to nearest agricultural field, and increased human disturbance. These results indicate that conservation efforts can impact amphibian biodiversity, and that there are species-specific habitat associations in the Calapooia watershed. My third chapter looked at pesticides and fertilizers, which have been shown to negatively affect many species of amphibians. I used meta-analytic techniques to quantify the lethal and sub-lethal effects of pesticides and fertilizers on amphibians in an effort to review the published work to date. I found that, in general, pesticides and fertilizers negatively affect amphibians by reducing both survival and growth. Pesticide and fertilizer chemical classes showed differences in their impacts on amphibians: inorganic fertilizers, organophosphates, phosphonoglycines, and triazines negatively affected amphibian survival, while, organophosphates and triazines negatively affected amphibian growth. Close

• 12. [Article] USDA report on water and related land resources : Hood Drainage Basin, Oregon : based on a cooperative survey by the State Water Resources Board of Oregon and the United States Department of Agriculture : report

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: USDA report on water and related land resources : Hood Drainage Basin, Oregon : based on a cooperative survey by the State Water Resources Board of Oregon and the United States Department of Agriculture : report Author: USDA Field Advisory Committee, USDA Oregon River Basin Survey Party, United States. Forest Service, United States. Dept. of Agriculture. Economic Research Service, United States. Soil Conservation Service, Oregon. State Water Resources Board Title: USDA report on water and related land resources : Hood Drainage Basin, Oregon : based on a cooperative survey by the State Water Resources Board of Oregon and the United States Department of Agriculture : report Author: USDA Field Advisory Committee, USDA Oregon River Basin Survey Party, United States. Forest Service, United States. Dept. of Agriculture. Economic Research Service, United States. Soil Conservation Service, Oregon. State Water Resources Board Close

• 13. [Article] USDA report on water and related land resources : Lower Willamette River Basin, Oregon ; based on a cooperative survey by the State Water Resources Board of Oregon and the United States Department of Agriculture : report

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: USDA report on water and related land resources : Lower Willamette River Basin, Oregon ; based on a cooperative survey by the State Water Resources Board of Oregon and the United States Department of Agriculture : report Author: USDA Field Advisory Committee, USDA Oregon River Basin Survey Party, United States. Forest Service, United States. Dept. of Agriculture. Economic Research Service, United States. Soil Conservation Service, Oregon. State Water Resources Board Title: USDA report on water and related land resources : Lower Willamette River Basin, Oregon ; based on a cooperative survey by the State Water Resources Board of Oregon and the United States Department of Agriculture : report Author: USDA Field Advisory Committee, USDA Oregon River Basin Survey Party, United States. Forest Service, United States. Dept. of Agriculture. Economic Research Service, United States. Soil Conservation Service, Oregon. State Water Resources Board Close

• 14. [Article] Climatic and physiographic controls on peakflow generation in the western Cascades, Oregon

  Despite the importance of rain and snowmelt in causing peakflows in the Pacific Northwest, the interactive effects of a snowpack and watershed physiography on streamflow are largely undocumented. This ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Climatic and physiographic controls on peakflow generation in the western Cascades, Oregon Author: Perkins, Reed Despite the importance of rain and snowmelt in causing peakflows in the Pacific Northwest, the interactive effects of a snowpack and watershed physiography on streamflow are largely undocumented. This study investigated the influence of soil and snowpack moisture on peakflow hydrograph shape in three small (< 60 ha) control sub-watersheds and the containing Lookout Creek Watershed (6200 ha) in the western Cascade Mountains of Oregon with three main objectives: 1) determine the statistical correlation between antecedent conditions and peakflow hydrograph shape within each small watershed; 2) determine how these correlations differed between small watersheds; and 3) determine the correlation between sub-watershed and Lookout Creek peakflow hydrograph shapes. A partial-duration set of peakflows was selected from at least 21 years of continuous discharge data for each small watershed using a linear quickflow vs. baseflow separation technique. Peakflows were then classified into three significantly different types based on estimated antecedent soil and snowpack moisture storage: "dry-soil rain" (e.g., soil moisture < 90 percent field capacity), "wet-soil rain" (e.g., soil moisture> 90 percent field capacity), and "wet-soil rain-on-snow". These three types accounted for over 70 percent of peakflows and over 80 percent of quickflow volume in each watershed. Generally, wet-soil rain peakflows began sooner after precipitation, lasted longer, and had larger instantaneous peaks than did dry-soil rain peakflows, while wet-soil rain-on-snow peakflows had the longest durations and largest instantaneous peaks. However, effects of soil wetting and snowpack on peakflow hydrographs differed significantly between watersheds. Lookout Creek peakflows occurred during several combinations of small watershed peakflow types, though the largest Lookout Creek peakflows were coincident with large, synchronized wet-soil rain-on-snow peakflows in Watersheds 2 and 8. Very little attenuation of the peakflow hydrograph was observed between the small watersheds and Lookout Creek. Results from this study indicate that by altering snowpack dynamics, and therefore the frequency distribution of peakflow types, climate change or land-use may differentially affect peakflow hydrographs in small watersheds. One consequence of this in Lookout Creek Watershed may be to desynchronize small watershed peakflow responses and decrease downstream peak size. Title: Climatic and physiographic controls on peakflow generation in the western Cascades, Oregon Author: Perkins, Reed Despite the importance of rain and snowmelt in causing peakflows in the Pacific Northwest, the interactive effects of a snowpack and watershed physiography on streamflow are largely undocumented. This study investigated the influence of soil and snowpack moisture on peakflow hydrograph shape in three small (< 60 ha) control sub-watersheds and the containing Lookout Creek Watershed (6200 ha) in the western Cascade Mountains of Oregon with three main objectives: 1) determine the statistical correlation between antecedent conditions and peakflow hydrograph shape within each small watershed; 2) determine how these correlations differed between small watersheds; and 3) determine the correlation between sub-watershed and Lookout Creek peakflow hydrograph shapes. A partial-duration set of peakflows was selected from at least 21 years of continuous discharge data for each small watershed using a linear quickflow vs. baseflow separation technique. Peakflows were then classified into three significantly different types based on estimated antecedent soil and snowpack moisture storage: "dry-soil rain" (e.g., soil moisture < 90 percent field capacity), "wet-soil rain" (e.g., soil moisture> 90 percent field capacity), and "wet-soil rain-on-snow". These three types accounted for over 70 percent of peakflows and over 80 percent of quickflow volume in each watershed. Generally, wet-soil rain peakflows began sooner after precipitation, lasted longer, and had larger instantaneous peaks than did dry-soil rain peakflows, while wet-soil rain-on-snow peakflows had the longest durations and largest instantaneous peaks. However, effects of soil wetting and snowpack on peakflow hydrographs differed significantly between watersheds. Lookout Creek peakflows occurred during several combinations of small watershed peakflow types, though the largest Lookout Creek peakflows were coincident with large, synchronized wet-soil rain-on-snow peakflows in Watersheds 2 and 8. Very little attenuation of the peakflow hydrograph was observed between the small watersheds and Lookout Creek. Results from this study indicate that by altering snowpack dynamics, and therefore the frequency distribution of peakflow types, climate change or land-use may differentially affect peakflow hydrographs in small watersheds. One consequence of this in Lookout Creek Watershed may be to desynchronize small watershed peakflow responses and decrease downstream peak size. Close

• 15. [Article] Biological assessment of soils for potential development of take-all root rot

  Take-all root rot (Gaeumannomvces araminis var.tritici) is a major disease of wheat (Triticum aestivum) in western Oregon. Control of take-all is dependent on management practices such as crop rotation ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Biological assessment of soils for potential development of take-all root rot Author: McGeehan, Steven L. Take-all root rot (Gaeumannomvces araminis var.tritici) is a major disease of wheat (Triticum aestivum) in western Oregon. Control of take-all is dependent on management practices such as crop rotation and soil fertility-plant nutrition relationships. The objective of this study was to develop a bioassay that could measure the influences of crop sequence, lime and sewage sludge applications on soil suppression of take-all. Soil was collected from six experimental field plots exhibiting different management and disease histories. Seedlings were grown in inoculated soil in a growth chamber and disease severity assessed at 35, 65, and 90 days after sowing. Inoculum efficiency and relative infection rates were determined using epidemiological techniques. Inoculum efficiency was greatest in lime and sludge amended treatments, moderate in nonlimed sludge amended treatments, and least in samples that received neither lime nor sludge. Relative infection rates of G. araminis followed a similiar trend. Second year wheat after oats was more suppressive to take-all than fifth year wheat, especially on lime-amended soils. Field observations of disease progress were made in the same plots where soil had been collected for the growth chamber bioassay. Final disease readinas and relative infection rates were greatest for the limed sludge amended treatments. Final disease readings and relative infection rates were moderate for unlimed treatments with no sewage sludge present. The lowest disease levels and infection rates were exhibited by the unlimed plots with a history of sewage sludge. In contrast to the results of the bioassay, fifth year wheat field plots overall had less severe disease than did the second year plots. The presence of sewage sludge in the unlimed field plots appeared to have an ameliorating effect Title: Biological assessment of soils for potential development of take-all root rot Author: McGeehan, Steven L. Take-all root rot (Gaeumannomvces araminis var.tritici) is a major disease of wheat (Triticum aestivum) in western Oregon. Control of take-all is dependent on management practices such as crop rotation and soil fertility-plant nutrition relationships. The objective of this study was to develop a bioassay that could measure the influences of crop sequence, lime and sewage sludge applications on soil suppression of take-all. Soil was collected from six experimental field plots exhibiting different management and disease histories. Seedlings were grown in inoculated soil in a growth chamber and disease severity assessed at 35, 65, and 90 days after sowing. Inoculum efficiency and relative infection rates were determined using epidemiological techniques. Inoculum efficiency was greatest in lime and sludge amended treatments, moderate in nonlimed sludge amended treatments, and least in samples that received neither lime nor sludge. Relative infection rates of G. araminis followed a similiar trend. Second year wheat after oats was more suppressive to take-all than fifth year wheat, especially on lime-amended soils. Field observations of disease progress were made in the same plots where soil had been collected for the growth chamber bioassay. Final disease readinas and relative infection rates were greatest for the limed sludge amended treatments. Final disease readings and relative infection rates were moderate for unlimed treatments with no sewage sludge present. The lowest disease levels and infection rates were exhibited by the unlimed plots with a history of sewage sludge. In contrast to the results of the bioassay, fifth year wheat field plots overall had less severe disease than did the second year plots. The presence of sewage sludge in the unlimed field plots appeared to have an ameliorating effect Close

• 16. [Article] Assessment of Water Quality Monitoring in Oregon’s Estuaries: Case Study of a Watershed Council Volunteer Monitoring Program

  This project examined a watershed council sponsored volunteer estuary water quality monitoring program, from initial implementation to program status five years later. In addition, literature research ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Assessment of Water Quality Monitoring in Oregon’s Estuaries: Case Study of a Watershed Council Volunteer Monitoring Program Author: Kolkemo, Emily This project examined a watershed council sponsored volunteer estuary water quality monitoring program, from initial implementation to program status five years later. In addition, literature research and interviews with estuarine experts were conducted in an attempt to devise strategies to strengthen estuary water quality monitoring programs within the state of Oregon. I assisted in the implementation of the volunteer water quality monitoring program for a watershed council, then reviewed the current status of the program five years later. Based upon this assessment, I found that the initial goals of the program had been met, but I also found that the program had been altered. While the goals of the program have stayed relatively the same, the way in which they are met has been changed to meet new objectives. This adaptive management approach has allowed integration of the program within many watershed council activities, from educational endeavors to expanded monitoring within the upper watershed. Volunteers, from schoolchildren to adults, have been instrumental in collecting scientifically credible data, and the program has been an effective tool to educate people of all ages about estuarine and water quality issues. While this particular program has been successful over the long term, the estuarine component of the program has been de-emphasized. The reduced emphasis on the estuary may be due in part on limited funding for monitoring, and the difficulty associated with assessing restoration needs (a major activity of watershed councils) based on estuarine water quality. Overall, a more coordinated approach needs to be taken with estuary water quality monitoring in Oregon. While many different groups, such as watershed councils, should and can conduct actual field monitoring activities, implementation and oversight should be coordinated through state, federal, tribal, private, and nonprofit entities that have an interest and role in Oregon’s estuaries. Title: Assessment of Water Quality Monitoring in Oregon’s Estuaries: Case Study of a Watershed Council Volunteer Monitoring Program Author: Kolkemo, Emily This project examined a watershed council sponsored volunteer estuary water quality monitoring program, from initial implementation to program status five years later. In addition, literature research and interviews with estuarine experts were conducted in an attempt to devise strategies to strengthen estuary water quality monitoring programs within the state of Oregon. I assisted in the implementation of the volunteer water quality monitoring program for a watershed council, then reviewed the current status of the program five years later. Based upon this assessment, I found that the initial goals of the program had been met, but I also found that the program had been altered. While the goals of the program have stayed relatively the same, the way in which they are met has been changed to meet new objectives. This adaptive management approach has allowed integration of the program within many watershed council activities, from educational endeavors to expanded monitoring within the upper watershed. Volunteers, from schoolchildren to adults, have been instrumental in collecting scientifically credible data, and the program has been an effective tool to educate people of all ages about estuarine and water quality issues. While this particular program has been successful over the long term, the estuarine component of the program has been de-emphasized. The reduced emphasis on the estuary may be due in part on limited funding for monitoring, and the difficulty associated with assessing restoration needs (a major activity of watershed councils) based on estuarine water quality. Overall, a more coordinated approach needs to be taken with estuary water quality monitoring in Oregon. While many different groups, such as watershed councils, should and can conduct actual field monitoring activities, implementation and oversight should be coordinated through state, federal, tribal, private, and nonprofit entities that have an interest and role in Oregon’s estuaries. Close

• 17. [Article] Vegetation and stem mapping of watershed 10, H. J. Andrews Experimental Forest

  Stem mapping of all trees greater than 15 cm dbh has been completed on the 10.24 hectare watershed (No. 10) at H. J. Andrews intensive study site. Using a 25 m grid system, mapping of vegetation into 7 ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Vegetation and stem mapping of watershed 10, H. J. Andrews Experimental Forest Author: Hawk, Glenn M., U.S. International Biological Program. Coniferous Forest Biome, University of Washington Stem mapping of all trees greater than 15 cm dbh has been completed on the 10.24 hectare watershed (No. 10) at H. J. Andrews intensive study site. Using a 25 m grid system, mapping of vegetation into 7 plant communities and then into 4 habitat types has also been completed. Descriptions of these communities based on field notes and extrapolation from reference stands located in the Andrews Experimental Forest are included along with structural characteristics of the communities and habitat types. Size class distributions of living trees greater than 15 cm dbh are also included for the whole watershed, for communities, and for habitat types. INTRODUCTION: Watershed 10 has been selected for current modeling efforts of the IBP Coniferous Forest Biome project at the Oregon intensive study site, H. J. Andrews Experimental Forest. This report supplies a necessary input for calculating standing crop of vegetation in all strata from trees to mosses. A community description approach has been used with tables and appendices furnishing data concerning trees, shrubs, herbs and mosses occurring within the watershed. Watershed 10 contains representatives of communities common to the lower elevation regions of the Tsuga hetero h lla Zone of Franklin and Dyrness (1969). Within watershed communities are identified, which are discussed below. Major emphasis of this report is placed on description of the vegetation. Some comparisons of communities with each other and with other portions of the Tsuga heterophylla Zone near the H. J. Andrews Experimental Forest are also included. Watershed 10 is a 10.24 hectare watershed that drains to the west. It is located near to but outside of the southwestern boundary of the Experimental Forest. The elevation of the watershed ranges from 1425 feet (435 m) to 2,275 feet (695 m). The entire watershed lies within the Tsuga heterophylla.Zone of Franklin and Dyrness. METHODS: Preliminary surveying of watershed 10 with staff compass, chains and Abney levels was completed in 1970. During this surveying three base lines running north and south were established at equal intervals within the watershed. These base lines served as reference points during the establishment of a 25 m grid system in 1971-1972. Using staff compass, chains, and Abney levels, the 25 m grid system was established with correction for slope over the entire watershed (figure 1). During spring, 1972, aluminum corner stakes were installed and labeled to mark the 25 meter grid corners. Grid sections were numbered, for referencing positions in the watershed. Title: Vegetation and stem mapping of watershed 10, H. J. Andrews Experimental Forest Author: Hawk, Glenn M., U.S. International Biological Program. Coniferous Forest Biome, University of Washington Stem mapping of all trees greater than 15 cm dbh has been completed on the 10.24 hectare watershed (No. 10) at H. J. Andrews intensive study site. Using a 25 m grid system, mapping of vegetation into 7 plant communities and then into 4 habitat types has also been completed. Descriptions of these communities based on field notes and extrapolation from reference stands located in the Andrews Experimental Forest are included along with structural characteristics of the communities and habitat types. Size class distributions of living trees greater than 15 cm dbh are also included for the whole watershed, for communities, and for habitat types. INTRODUCTION: Watershed 10 has been selected for current modeling efforts of the IBP Coniferous Forest Biome project at the Oregon intensive study site, H. J. Andrews Experimental Forest. This report supplies a necessary input for calculating standing crop of vegetation in all strata from trees to mosses. A community description approach has been used with tables and appendices furnishing data concerning trees, shrubs, herbs and mosses occurring within the watershed. Watershed 10 contains representatives of communities common to the lower elevation regions of the Tsuga hetero h lla Zone of Franklin and Dyrness (1969). Within watershed communities are identified, which are discussed below. Major emphasis of this report is placed on description of the vegetation. Some comparisons of communities with each other and with other portions of the Tsuga heterophylla Zone near the H. J. Andrews Experimental Forest are also included. Watershed 10 is a 10.24 hectare watershed that drains to the west. It is located near to but outside of the southwestern boundary of the Experimental Forest. The elevation of the watershed ranges from 1425 feet (435 m) to 2,275 feet (695 m). The entire watershed lies within the Tsuga heterophylla.Zone of Franklin and Dyrness. METHODS: Preliminary surveying of watershed 10 with staff compass, chains and Abney levels was completed in 1970. During this surveying three base lines running north and south were established at equal intervals within the watershed. These base lines served as reference points during the establishment of a 25 m grid system in 1971-1972. Using staff compass, chains, and Abney levels, the 25 m grid system was established with correction for slope over the entire watershed (figure 1). During spring, 1972, aluminum corner stakes were installed and labeled to mark the 25 meter grid corners. Grid sections were numbered, for referencing positions in the watershed. Close

• 18. [Article] USDA report on water and related land resources, Powder Drainage Basin, Oregon : based on a cooperative survey by the State Water Resources Board of Oregon and the United States Department of Agriculture : report

  This report presents information concerning the water and related land resources of the Powder Drainage Basin. Its purpose is (1) to provide information on the past and present uses of water and related ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: USDA report on water and related land resources, Powder Drainage Basin, Oregon : based on a cooperative survey by the State Water Resources Board of Oregon and the United States Department of Agriculture : report Author: USDA Field Advisory Committee, USDA Oregon River Basin Survey Party, United States. Forest Service, United States. Dept. of Agriculture. Economic Research Service, United States. Soil Conservation Service, Oregon. State Water Resources Board This report presents information concerning the water and related land resources of the Powder Drainage Basin. Its purpose is (1) to provide information on the past and present uses of water and related land resources; (2) to supply the production data from the use of these resources; (3) to assess the magnitude of water-related problems such as erosion, flooding, and drainage; (4) to indicate the probable direction of future use of water and land for agriculture and forestry in comparison to competing uses; and (5) to outline a general program for water and land resource management as a background for future detailed study and planning. Title: USDA report on water and related land resources, Powder Drainage Basin, Oregon : based on a cooperative survey by the State Water Resources Board of Oregon and the United States Department of Agriculture : report Author: USDA Field Advisory Committee, USDA Oregon River Basin Survey Party, United States. Forest Service, United States. Dept. of Agriculture. Economic Research Service, United States. Soil Conservation Service, Oregon. State Water Resources Board This report presents information concerning the water and related land resources of the Powder Drainage Basin. Its purpose is (1) to provide information on the past and present uses of water and related land resources; (2) to supply the production data from the use of these resources; (3) to assess the magnitude of water-related problems such as erosion, flooding, and drainage; (4) to indicate the probable direction of future use of water and land for agriculture and forestry in comparison to competing uses; and (5) to outline a general program for water and land resource management as a background for future detailed study and planning. Close

• 19. [Article] Riparian canopy and channel response to hillslope disturbance in Elk River Basin, southwest Oregon

  Elk River is a sixth order stream, draining a 200 square kilometer basin in the Klainath Mountain province of southwestern Oregon. Timber harvesting began in the basin during the 1950's, with peak removal ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Riparian canopy and channel response to hillslope disturbance in Elk River Basin, southwest Oregon Author: Ryan-Burkett, Sandra E. Elk River is a sixth order stream, draining a 200 square kilometer basin in the Klainath Mountain province of southwestern Oregon. Timber harvesting began in the basin during the 1950's, with peak removal of wood occurring in the mid to late 1960's. This activity lead to an increase in the frequency of landsliding and surface erosion. The downstream effects of this increase in sediment were evaluated by interpreting aerial photography spanning the period 1956 to 1979. Opening or enlargement of the riparian canopy cover was used as an indicator of sediment impacts. Results indicate that in most basins, changes in downstream channel conditions could not be directly linked to the increase in sediment delivered from harvested areas. Opening on higher order channels occurred throughout the study period, but did not exhibit patterns indicative of a large pulse of sediment moving through the system. Rather, opening in fourth to fifth order channels was attributed to the interaction between local sediment sources and channel morphology, with unconstrained, flat channel segments exhibiting chronic opening. The distribution of constrained and unconstrained channel reaches was defined by a Channel Morphology Index (CMI), which compared relative width and gradient changes to channel averages. A 100-year event in 1964 did not produce effects in Elk River Basin on the same order of magnitude as other basins in the Pacific Northwest. Downstream effects were important in a few areas where landslides and high rates of surface erosion were directly linked to opening and channel widening downstream. Limited channel response to hillslope. disturbance in Elk River Basin over the period 1956-79 was attributed to four factors: lack of debris flows in most areas of the basin, channels constrained by competent hillslopes and bedrock limiting the extent of opening, channel conditions inherited from storms prior to 1956, and essentially pristine conditions over much of the basin at the time of the 1964 storm. Finally, sequential air photo interpretation proved useful in deciphering disturbance history and analyzing processes which create downstream effects. Title: Riparian canopy and channel response to hillslope disturbance in Elk River Basin, southwest Oregon Author: Ryan-Burkett, Sandra E. Elk River is a sixth order stream, draining a 200 square kilometer basin in the Klainath Mountain province of southwestern Oregon. Timber harvesting began in the basin during the 1950's, with peak removal of wood occurring in the mid to late 1960's. This activity lead to an increase in the frequency of landsliding and surface erosion. The downstream effects of this increase in sediment were evaluated by interpreting aerial photography spanning the period 1956 to 1979. Opening or enlargement of the riparian canopy cover was used as an indicator of sediment impacts. Results indicate that in most basins, changes in downstream channel conditions could not be directly linked to the increase in sediment delivered from harvested areas. Opening on higher order channels occurred throughout the study period, but did not exhibit patterns indicative of a large pulse of sediment moving through the system. Rather, opening in fourth to fifth order channels was attributed to the interaction between local sediment sources and channel morphology, with unconstrained, flat channel segments exhibiting chronic opening. The distribution of constrained and unconstrained channel reaches was defined by a Channel Morphology Index (CMI), which compared relative width and gradient changes to channel averages. A 100-year event in 1964 did not produce effects in Elk River Basin on the same order of magnitude as other basins in the Pacific Northwest. Downstream effects were important in a few areas where landslides and high rates of surface erosion were directly linked to opening and channel widening downstream. Limited channel response to hillslope. disturbance in Elk River Basin over the period 1956-79 was attributed to four factors: lack of debris flows in most areas of the basin, channels constrained by competent hillslopes and bedrock limiting the extent of opening, channel conditions inherited from storms prior to 1956, and essentially pristine conditions over much of the basin at the time of the 1964 storm. Finally, sequential air photo interpretation proved useful in deciphering disturbance history and analyzing processes which create downstream effects. Close

• 20. [Article] The winter distribution, movement, and smolt transformation of juvenile coho salmon in an Oregon coastal stream

  The abundance of the 1982 brood of juvenile coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) was determined in August 1983, and January and April 1984 at 20 study sites spread throughout Knowles Creek, an Oregon coastal ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The winter distribution, movement, and smolt transformation of juvenile coho salmon in an Oregon coastal stream Author: Rodgers, Jeffrey D. The abundance of the 1982 brood of juvenile coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) was determined in August 1983, and January and April 1984 at 20 study sites spread throughout Knowles Creek, an Oregon coastal watershed. The timing of emigration of juvenile coho from the watershed was monitored from October 1983 through June 1984. Condition factor, fork length, and gill (Na+K)-ATPase activity were measured in migrants, a captive group of Knowles Creek juvenile coho held in the laboratory, and nonmigrant fish periodically sampled from the stream. Skin guanine levels were also measured in migrant and nonmigrant groups. Juvenile coho abundance in January was significantly correlated with abundance in August. Wood volume and amount of undercut streambank were the pair of physical variables that best explained variation in the number of fish per square meter or per cubic meter in January. Two debris torrent ponds in the middle of the watershed contained large amounts of woody debris and were the most heavily used overwintering habitats for juvenile coho in the Knowles Creek. Few juvenile coho overwintered in the lower half of watershed, an area lacking woody debris. Peaks in outmigration occurred in November and May. Approximately 24% of the total number of migrants emigrated in November. Fish that reared in two of three third-order areas in summer, together with fish from the lower (fifth-order) half of the mainstem, were the first to leave the watershed. While lack of winter habitat may have been the cause of migration from the lower mainstem, low summer streamflows may have caused early migration from the low order sites. Gill (Na+K)-ATPase activity of migrants rose gradually from a low in January to a peak at the end of the study in June. Mean gill (Na+K)-ATPase activity of nonmigrants was only significantly lower than that of migrant fish during April. Gill (Na+K)-ATPase of captives was similar to that of nonmigrants until it peaked during the last two weeks in April, after which the activity fell below that of migrants or nonmigrants. Condition factor of nonmigrant fish was higher than either migrants or captives throughout the study. Migrant skin guanine levels rose sharply during the first two weeks in April and continued to rise until the end of the study in June. Approximately 8,300 juvenile coho, 44% of the estimated number of juvenile coho present in Knowles Creek in August, migrated from the watershed by the following June. An estimated 9% of the August population migrated as smolts after April 1. Title: The winter distribution, movement, and smolt transformation of juvenile coho salmon in an Oregon coastal stream Author: Rodgers, Jeffrey D. The abundance of the 1982 brood of juvenile coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) was determined in August 1983, and January and April 1984 at 20 study sites spread throughout Knowles Creek, an Oregon coastal watershed. The timing of emigration of juvenile coho from the watershed was monitored from October 1983 through June 1984. Condition factor, fork length, and gill (Na+K)-ATPase activity were measured in migrants, a captive group of Knowles Creek juvenile coho held in the laboratory, and nonmigrant fish periodically sampled from the stream. Skin guanine levels were also measured in migrant and nonmigrant groups. Juvenile coho abundance in January was significantly correlated with abundance in August. Wood volume and amount of undercut streambank were the pair of physical variables that best explained variation in the number of fish per square meter or per cubic meter in January. Two debris torrent ponds in the middle of the watershed contained large amounts of woody debris and were the most heavily used overwintering habitats for juvenile coho in the Knowles Creek. Few juvenile coho overwintered in the lower half of watershed, an area lacking woody debris. Peaks in outmigration occurred in November and May. Approximately 24% of the total number of migrants emigrated in November. Fish that reared in two of three third-order areas in summer, together with fish from the lower (fifth-order) half of the mainstem, were the first to leave the watershed. While lack of winter habitat may have been the cause of migration from the lower mainstem, low summer streamflows may have caused early migration from the low order sites. Gill (Na+K)-ATPase activity of migrants rose gradually from a low in January to a peak at the end of the study in June. Mean gill (Na+K)-ATPase activity of nonmigrants was only significantly lower than that of migrant fish during April. Gill (Na+K)-ATPase of captives was similar to that of nonmigrants until it peaked during the last two weeks in April, after which the activity fell below that of migrants or nonmigrants. Condition factor of nonmigrant fish was higher than either migrants or captives throughout the study. Migrant skin guanine levels rose sharply during the first two weeks in April and continued to rise until the end of the study in June. Approximately 8,300 juvenile coho, 44% of the estimated number of juvenile coho present in Knowles Creek in August, migrated from the watershed by the following June. An estimated 9% of the August population migrated as smolts after April 1. Close