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• 1. [Article] Determinants of off-farm labor supply among farm households in the north Willamette Valley

  Financial stress in agriculture has been a concern over the past century. Agrarian values and "love of the land" seem to yield public conclusions for the support of the industry. Much of this support is in ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Determinants of off-farm labor supply among farm households in the north Willamette Valley Author: Doyle, Douglas J., 1963- Financial stress in agriculture has been a concern over the past century. Agrarian values and "love of the land" seem to yield public conclusions for the support of the industry. Much of this support is in the interest of preserving a viable food producing sector in an volatile world climate. High interest rates, declining land values and highly competitive export markets have spurred renewed concern for farm survival in the past ten years. One alternative to traditional price supports and tariffs for farm household support is off-farm income. This may take many forms including off-farm wages and salaries, rental income, interest and dividend income and, retirement or pension funds. Central to the analysis of nonfarm income generation is the allocation of time by farm households. For farmers who place a high value on the farm lifestyle, occupational choice is embedded in the time decision to such an extent that the resource allocations based on economic efficiency criteria may be altered. Tobit techniques offer a new approach to the analysis of farm household decisions on time allocation. The procedure allows the investigator to estimate and evaluate parameters that may affect the amount of off-farm work by farm household members. The Tobit analysis is designed for censored data sets. The data in this study were censored because there were missing observations on the quantity of off-farm work for those individuals who did not work off-farm in 1986. Results of Tobit analyses of off-farm work by farm operators and spouses in three Oregon counties indicated that high levels of gross farm income reduce the likelihood and extent of off-farm work. Middle-aged operators worked off-farm more while the presence of small children and elderly dependents in the farm household inhibited off-farm work. The allocation decisions of the spouse and the operator appeared to be independent; this supports a nonsimultaneous Tobit specification like the one used in this research. Title: Determinants of off-farm labor supply among farm households in the north Willamette Valley Author: Doyle, Douglas J., 1963- Financial stress in agriculture has been a concern over the past century. Agrarian values and "love of the land" seem to yield public conclusions for the support of the industry. Much of this support is in the interest of preserving a viable food producing sector in an volatile world climate. High interest rates, declining land values and highly competitive export markets have spurred renewed concern for farm survival in the past ten years. One alternative to traditional price supports and tariffs for farm household support is off-farm income. This may take many forms including off-farm wages and salaries, rental income, interest and dividend income and, retirement or pension funds. Central to the analysis of nonfarm income generation is the allocation of time by farm households. For farmers who place a high value on the farm lifestyle, occupational choice is embedded in the time decision to such an extent that the resource allocations based on economic efficiency criteria may be altered. Tobit techniques offer a new approach to the analysis of farm household decisions on time allocation. The procedure allows the investigator to estimate and evaluate parameters that may affect the amount of off-farm work by farm household members. The Tobit analysis is designed for censored data sets. The data in this study were censored because there were missing observations on the quantity of off-farm work for those individuals who did not work off-farm in 1986. Results of Tobit analyses of off-farm work by farm operators and spouses in three Oregon counties indicated that high levels of gross farm income reduce the likelihood and extent of off-farm work. Middle-aged operators worked off-farm more while the presence of small children and elderly dependents in the farm household inhibited off-farm work. The allocation decisions of the spouse and the operator appeared to be independent; this supports a nonsimultaneous Tobit specification like the one used in this research. Close

• 2. [Article] Oregon farm wives' off-farm employment and satisfaction with farming as a way of life

  Among the changes farm families have faced during the past two decades has been the dramatic increase in off-farm employment. Historically, women's involvement has been essential to the functioning of ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Oregon farm wives' off-farm employment and satisfaction with farming as a way of life Author: Hatch, Carol S. Among the changes farm families have faced during the past two decades has been the dramatic increase in off-farm employment. Historically, women's involvement has been essential to the functioning of the family farm, and as off-farm income has increased in importance, increasing numbers of farm women have joined the ranks of those employed in off farm jobs. Using phone survey data collected during the 1988-89 year, the objectives of this study were (1) to identify the variables which may predict farm wives' off-farm employment status, and the resulting direct and indirect effects of their employment status on their satisfaction with farming as a way of life, and (2) to assess the direction and strength of the relationships. Guided by the Deacon and Firebaugh (1988) family systems framework, path analysis was used to estimate the relationships among the variables. The path model was estimated and examined using LISREL 8 on the covariance matrix. A low chi-square and high goodness-of-fit index suggested that no significant difference existed between the observed covariance matrix and the model-implied matrix; however, many of the parameters in the model had low values. Because the model did not explain the ultimate variable, satisfaction with farming as a way of life, well, several explanations were explored. None of the model modifications estimated provided a better fit to the data, nor did they result in better path coefficients. However, splitting the sample into large and small farm subsamples answered some important questions. When small (net farm income of $10,000 or less) and large farm samples were examined, results revealed significant differences on a number of variables and correlations. An analysis of the path model for small farms produced poor R² values, but the R² for wife's off-farm employment level was slightly improved over the initial model with the full sample. The analysis of large farms indicated that the model provided better explanatory power with large farms than with either the small farm or full sample when focusing on the ultimate variable, satisfaction with farming as a way of life. Title: Oregon farm wives' off-farm employment and satisfaction with farming as a way of life Author: Hatch, Carol S. Among the changes farm families have faced during the past two decades has been the dramatic increase in off-farm employment. Historically, women's involvement has been essential to the functioning of the family farm, and as off-farm income has increased in importance, increasing numbers of farm women have joined the ranks of those employed in off farm jobs. Using phone survey data collected during the 1988-89 year, the objectives of this study were (1) to identify the variables which may predict farm wives' off-farm employment status, and the resulting direct and indirect effects of their employment status on their satisfaction with farming as a way of life, and (2) to assess the direction and strength of the relationships. Guided by the Deacon and Firebaugh (1988) family systems framework, path analysis was used to estimate the relationships among the variables. The path model was estimated and examined using LISREL 8 on the covariance matrix. A low chi-square and high goodness-of-fit index suggested that no significant difference existed between the observed covariance matrix and the model-implied matrix; however, many of the parameters in the model had low values. Because the model did not explain the ultimate variable, satisfaction with farming as a way of life, well, several explanations were explored. None of the model modifications estimated provided a better fit to the data, nor did they result in better path coefficients. However, splitting the sample into large and small farm subsamples answered some important questions. When small (net farm income of $10,000 or less) and large farm samples were examined, results revealed significant differences on a number of variables and correlations. An analysis of the path model for small farms produced poor R² values, but the R² for wife's off-farm employment level was slightly improved over the initial model with the full sample. The analysis of large farms indicated that the model provided better explanatory power with large farms than with either the small farm or full sample when focusing on the ultimate variable, satisfaction with farming as a way of life. Close

• 3. [Article] Some of the major factors in the organization of the Oregon wheat farm as based upon a farm survey in Sherman county, 1921

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Some of the major factors in the organization of the Oregon wheat farm as based upon a farm survey in Sherman county, 1921 Author: Cornwell, Raymond Lee Title: Some of the major factors in the organization of the Oregon wheat farm as based upon a farm survey in Sherman county, 1921 Author: Cornwell, Raymond Lee Close

• 4. [Article] Determinants of off-farm employment among Oregon farm households : a tobit analysis

  An investigation was conducted to determine the impact of economic and non-economic factors on the off-farm work efforts of Oregon farm husbands and wives. A total of 283 Oregon farm households (with husbands ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Determinants of off-farm employment among Oregon farm households : a tobit analysis Author: Rauniyar, Krishna K. P. An investigation was conducted to determine the impact of economic and non-economic factors on the off-farm work efforts of Oregon farm husbands and wives. A total of 283 Oregon farm households (with husbands and wives) were randomly selected from lists of persons deferring taxes for farm purposes, obtained from County Assessors' offices in each of eight randomly selected counties. Counties with larger number of farms had a higher probability of being selected. Data came from an Oregon State University Agricultural Experiment Station study conducted during 1988-89. The empirical findings from the maximum likelihood Tobit model showed plausible directional impacts. Off-farm wage rate, the basis of a reduced labor supply model, was the key variable in explaining off-farm work. Wives' off-farm work response to off-farm wage was more elastic when compared to husbands' off-farm work. Additional significant variables to affect either or both husbands' and wives' total off-farm work were total farm debt, husband's age, education, urban/rural location of farm, net farm income, age-square, farm life satisfaction, and total family income before tax. Education was positively related to off-farm work only for wives. Results also indicate that high levels of net farm income as well as farm debt reduce the likelihood and extent of off-farm work. The location of the farm closer in proximity to metropolitan areas, was a significant factor in increased off-farm work hours. Farm life satisfaction was negatively significant for both wives and husbands. The effect of farm life satisfaction was more prominent for wives than for husbands. Total family income was significant and negatively related to wives' off-farm work but not husbands, indicating that women may be more sensitive to a choice for leisure or household work and the motivation for husbands' off-farm work may be higher. Despite a substantial incidence of low profitability and low farm income from farming and some unhappiness and hard work, these farmers generally reported a high level of satisfaction with their farming operations. Any policy implications based on the findings of this study must be cautiously interpreted based on farm types and the work motivation of farmers in Oregon. Title: Determinants of off-farm employment among Oregon farm households : a tobit analysis Author: Rauniyar, Krishna K. P. An investigation was conducted to determine the impact of economic and non-economic factors on the off-farm work efforts of Oregon farm husbands and wives. A total of 283 Oregon farm households (with husbands and wives) were randomly selected from lists of persons deferring taxes for farm purposes, obtained from County Assessors' offices in each of eight randomly selected counties. Counties with larger number of farms had a higher probability of being selected. Data came from an Oregon State University Agricultural Experiment Station study conducted during 1988-89. The empirical findings from the maximum likelihood Tobit model showed plausible directional impacts. Off-farm wage rate, the basis of a reduced labor supply model, was the key variable in explaining off-farm work. Wives' off-farm work response to off-farm wage was more elastic when compared to husbands' off-farm work. Additional significant variables to affect either or both husbands' and wives' total off-farm work were total farm debt, husband's age, education, urban/rural location of farm, net farm income, age-square, farm life satisfaction, and total family income before tax. Education was positively related to off-farm work only for wives. Results also indicate that high levels of net farm income as well as farm debt reduce the likelihood and extent of off-farm work. The location of the farm closer in proximity to metropolitan areas, was a significant factor in increased off-farm work hours. Farm life satisfaction was negatively significant for both wives and husbands. The effect of farm life satisfaction was more prominent for wives than for husbands. Total family income was significant and negatively related to wives' off-farm work but not husbands, indicating that women may be more sensitive to a choice for leisure or household work and the motivation for husbands' off-farm work may be higher. Despite a substantial incidence of low profitability and low farm income from farming and some unhappiness and hard work, these farmers generally reported a high level of satisfaction with their farming operations. Any policy implications based on the findings of this study must be cautiously interpreted based on farm types and the work motivation of farmers in Oregon. Close

• 5. [Article] Effects of Price Risk in Wholesale Market on the U.S. Farm-Raised Catfish

  Abstract Only

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Effects of Price Risk in Wholesale Market on the U.S. Farm-Raised Catfish Author: Jolly, Curtis, Nguyen, Giap Abstract Only Title: Effects of Price Risk in Wholesale Market on the U.S. Farm-Raised Catfish Author: Jolly, Curtis, Nguyen, Giap Abstract Only Close

• 6. [Article] An analysis of the farm organization and progress of farm security administration clients in Marion county

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: An analysis of the farm organization and progress of farm security administration clients in Marion county Author: Deschamps, Ray Title: An analysis of the farm organization and progress of farm security administration clients in Marion county Author: Deschamps, Ray Close

• 7. [Article] A study of some important factors in wheat farm organization in the Columbia basin in eastern Oregon

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: A study of some important factors in wheat farm organization in the Columbia basin in eastern Oregon Author: Newman, Paul Clinton Title: A study of some important factors in wheat farm organization in the Columbia basin in eastern Oregon Author: Newman, Paul Clinton Close

• 8. [Article] Organization plan for a poultry and small fruit farm for the Willamette Valley

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Organization plan for a poultry and small fruit farm for the Willamette Valley Author: Ding, Edward Ralph Title: Organization plan for a poultry and small fruit farm for the Willamette Valley Author: Ding, Edward Ralph Close

• 9. [Article] An evaluation of family income variation on low-income farms in western Oregon

  The primary purpose of this thesis is to determine the economic nature of low incomes on low-income farms in western Oregon. An economic model containing variables that contribute to family income is developed ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: An evaluation of family income variation on low-income farms in western Oregon Author: Long, Donald Eugene The primary purpose of this thesis is to determine the economic nature of low incomes on low-income farms in western Oregon. An economic model containing variables that contribute to family income is developed for farm operators in the study area. Regression analysis is used to determine the significant variables contributing to family income variation. From the results of the regression analysis, an income function is derived for low-income farm families of western Oregon. An analysis of the variables included in the income function is presented, as well as a discussion of the variables that were determined not to be significant from the regression analysis. It is concluded that insufficient farm size, inadequate capital for farm expansion, lack of training or skill, inefficient use of available resources, age of the operator, lack of formal education, and lack of mobility are the main causes of low incomes in the thirteen northwestern counties of Oregon. The findings of this study tend to support other studies of a similar nature. Finally, policy alternatives and recommendations are given. It is determined the avenues of assistance open to older low-income farm operators and those with less formal education are direct aid programs. The training necessary to obtain non-farm employment is the most feasible means for the younger, low-income farm operators. It is determined that there is a relatively small number of low-income farm operators in western Oregon with adequate resources to farm their way out of poverty. Title: An evaluation of family income variation on low-income farms in western Oregon Author: Long, Donald Eugene The primary purpose of this thesis is to determine the economic nature of low incomes on low-income farms in western Oregon. An economic model containing variables that contribute to family income is developed for farm operators in the study area. Regression analysis is used to determine the significant variables contributing to family income variation. From the results of the regression analysis, an income function is derived for low-income farm families of western Oregon. An analysis of the variables included in the income function is presented, as well as a discussion of the variables that were determined not to be significant from the regression analysis. It is concluded that insufficient farm size, inadequate capital for farm expansion, lack of training or skill, inefficient use of available resources, age of the operator, lack of formal education, and lack of mobility are the main causes of low incomes in the thirteen northwestern counties of Oregon. The findings of this study tend to support other studies of a similar nature. Finally, policy alternatives and recommendations are given. It is determined the avenues of assistance open to older low-income farm operators and those with less formal education are direct aid programs. The training necessary to obtain non-farm employment is the most feasible means for the younger, low-income farm operators. It is determined that there is a relatively small number of low-income farm operators in western Oregon with adequate resources to farm their way out of poverty. Close

• 10. [Article] Historic farm structures as material culture : an Oregon study

  The thesis is a case study of two traditional family farms that were settled in Oregon in 1850 and 1915. The study embraces the theory that material culture reflects customs and values. The material culture ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Historic farm structures as material culture : an Oregon study Author: Judge, Barbara C. The thesis is a case study of two traditional family farms that were settled in Oregon in 1850 and 1915. The study embraces the theory that material culture reflects customs and values. The material culture indicators within the study are the architectural structures of the Oregon farms. The study filters the architecture through theoretical and historical data of both Oregon and the Upland South. The farms are recorded with oral history, photographs, architectural descriptions, and evolutionary settlement patterns. The filtering process results in two constructs that correlate the commonalities of both the Oregon farms and the Upland South architecture. The results point out that, with the disappearance of vernacular architecture on family farms, it follows that historic traditional cultures vanish. Title: Historic farm structures as material culture : an Oregon study Author: Judge, Barbara C. The thesis is a case study of two traditional family farms that were settled in Oregon in 1850 and 1915. The study embraces the theory that material culture reflects customs and values. The material culture indicators within the study are the architectural structures of the Oregon farms. The study filters the architecture through theoretical and historical data of both Oregon and the Upland South. The farms are recorded with oral history, photographs, architectural descriptions, and evolutionary settlement patterns. The filtering process results in two constructs that correlate the commonalities of both the Oregon farms and the Upland South architecture. The results point out that, with the disappearance of vernacular architecture on family farms, it follows that historic traditional cultures vanish. Close

• 11. [Article] Effects of U.S. commodity programs on farm growth

  The U.S. farm sector has undergone dramatic structural change during the past fifty years, a chief result being that the number of large farms has increased relative to the number of small farms. Numerous ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Effects of U.S. commodity programs on farm growth Author: Sukume, Chrispen The U.S. farm sector has undergone dramatic structural change during the past fifty years, a chief result being that the number of large farms has increased relative to the number of small farms. Numerous agricultural policies have been instituted, with the partial objective of preserving the family farm. At the same time, a number of studies have attempted to ascertain the contribution of various forces, including farm programs, toward the observed changes in average farm size. These studies have tended to concentrate on aggregate effects, ignoring farm-level and dynamic effects of program and nonprogram factors on farm growth. The present study overcomes such limitations by utilizing a farm-level dynamic growth model which links consumption, production, and investment decisions. Steady-state comparative static and local comparative dynamic analysis of the dynamic model solutions indicate qualitative effects of program and nonprogram factors on farm growth. Simulation of quantitative effects are conducted on econometric estimates of the dynamic model solutions, using Kansas wheat farm data. Empirical results show that set-aside-percentage-type instruments (required and voluntary set-aside percentages) induce longrun net equity increases in small farms and longrun net equity decreases in large farms. In both size classes, set-aside instruments increase longrun land holdings, the increases being greater in larger than in smaller farms. After considering effects on rented land, the effect of set-aside-type instruments on overall scale of operation is negligible. Payment-rate-type instruments (per-acre deficiency, voluntary and paid diversion payment rates) increase longrun net equity and consumption in both small and large farms. They lead to longrun land ownership increases in small farms and decreases in large farms. However, they lead also to increases in rented land, the increase being greater in larger than in smaller farms. Net effect on scale of operation is nonsignificant. Finally, nonprogram factors affect growth also. Technical change increases net equity and landholding in large farms more than in small farms. In both large and small farms, increases in prices of land's substitutes, lead to net equity increases, whereas increases in prices of complements reduce net equity. In the longrun, output price increases encourage consumption and reduce net equity. Title: Effects of U.S. commodity programs on farm growth Author: Sukume, Chrispen The U.S. farm sector has undergone dramatic structural change during the past fifty years, a chief result being that the number of large farms has increased relative to the number of small farms. Numerous agricultural policies have been instituted, with the partial objective of preserving the family farm. At the same time, a number of studies have attempted to ascertain the contribution of various forces, including farm programs, toward the observed changes in average farm size. These studies have tended to concentrate on aggregate effects, ignoring farm-level and dynamic effects of program and nonprogram factors on farm growth. The present study overcomes such limitations by utilizing a farm-level dynamic growth model which links consumption, production, and investment decisions. Steady-state comparative static and local comparative dynamic analysis of the dynamic model solutions indicate qualitative effects of program and nonprogram factors on farm growth. Simulation of quantitative effects are conducted on econometric estimates of the dynamic model solutions, using Kansas wheat farm data. Empirical results show that set-aside-percentage-type instruments (required and voluntary set-aside percentages) induce longrun net equity increases in small farms and longrun net equity decreases in large farms. In both size classes, set-aside instruments increase longrun land holdings, the increases being greater in larger than in smaller farms. After considering effects on rented land, the effect of set-aside-type instruments on overall scale of operation is negligible. Payment-rate-type instruments (per-acre deficiency, voluntary and paid diversion payment rates) increase longrun net equity and consumption in both small and large farms. They lead to longrun land ownership increases in small farms and decreases in large farms. However, they lead also to increases in rented land, the increase being greater in larger than in smaller farms. Net effect on scale of operation is nonsignificant. Finally, nonprogram factors affect growth also. Technical change increases net equity and landholding in large farms more than in small farms. In both large and small farms, increases in prices of land's substitutes, lead to net equity increases, whereas increases in prices of complements reduce net equity. In the longrun, output price increases encourage consumption and reduce net equity. Close

• 12. [Article] Determinants of Land Leasing Decisions for Shrimp Farming: A Case Study of Smallholders' Shrimp Farming In India

  Using primary data collected from 208 shrimp farming households and 69 households leasing-out land for shrimp farming, this paper explores the demographic and economic factors influencing the land leasing ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Determinants of Land Leasing Decisions for Shrimp Farming: A Case Study of Smallholders' Shrimp Farming In India Author: Bhattacharya, Poulomi Using primary data collected from 208 shrimp farming households and 69 households leasing-out land for shrimp farming, this paper explores the demographic and economic factors influencing the land leasing decisions for traditional and scientific shrimp farming in West Bengal, India, applying Tobit Model. The results indicate that size of households‟ land holding is positively related with the extent of land leased-in for traditional shrimp farming whereas for scientific shrimp farming the association was found to be negative. This signifies that land leasing market does not facilitate the households having lesser landholding to lease-in land for shrimp culture in the case of traditional shrimp farming whereas in the case of scientific shrimp farming it does facilitate such households. In the case of traditional shrimp farming households‟ association with other fisheries related activities was also found to have positive influence on their leasing-in decisions . On the supply side, variables like number of adult male members, households‟ association with fisheries related activities and non-farm assets were found to have positive, negative and positive association respectively with the extent of land leased-out for traditional shrimp farming. The analysis also exhibits that the age of the household head has negative relationship with the extent of land leased-out by them both in the case of traditional and scientific shrimp farming. This signifies that existing institutional arrangements in shrimp farming of West Bengal are not considerably successful to motivate young rural people to undertake shrimp farming on their own instead of leasing-out land for shrimp culture and aquaculture policies should address this aspect. Title: Determinants of Land Leasing Decisions for Shrimp Farming: A Case Study of Smallholders' Shrimp Farming In India Author: Bhattacharya, Poulomi Using primary data collected from 208 shrimp farming households and 69 households leasing-out land for shrimp farming, this paper explores the demographic and economic factors influencing the land leasing decisions for traditional and scientific shrimp farming in West Bengal, India, applying Tobit Model. The results indicate that size of households‟ land holding is positively related with the extent of land leased-in for traditional shrimp farming whereas for scientific shrimp farming the association was found to be negative. This signifies that land leasing market does not facilitate the households having lesser landholding to lease-in land for shrimp culture in the case of traditional shrimp farming whereas in the case of scientific shrimp farming it does facilitate such households. In the case of traditional shrimp farming households‟ association with other fisheries related activities was also found to have positive influence on their leasing-in decisions . On the supply side, variables like number of adult male members, households‟ association with fisheries related activities and non-farm assets were found to have positive, negative and positive association respectively with the extent of land leased-out for traditional shrimp farming. The analysis also exhibits that the age of the household head has negative relationship with the extent of land leased-out by them both in the case of traditional and scientific shrimp farming. This signifies that existing institutional arrangements in shrimp farming of West Bengal are not considerably successful to motivate young rural people to undertake shrimp farming on their own instead of leasing-out land for shrimp culture and aquaculture policies should address this aspect. Close

• 13. [Article] Cost and Returns of Extensive Shrimp (Penaeus Monodon) in Disease-Affected Area: A Farm Ownerships Comparison

  Abstract only.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Cost and Returns of Extensive Shrimp (Penaeus Monodon) in Disease-Affected Area: A Farm Ownerships Comparison Author: Nazmul Alam, S. M. Abstract only. Title: Cost and Returns of Extensive Shrimp (Penaeus Monodon) in Disease-Affected Area: A Farm Ownerships Comparison Author: Nazmul Alam, S. M. Abstract only. Close

• 14. [Article] Growing farms : successful whole farm management planning book : think it! write it!

  Published October 2011. Reviewed October 2015. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Growing farms : successful whole farm management planning book : think it! write it! Author: Martin, Dana (Dana Lou), Fery, Melissa, Matthewson, Melissa, Angima, S. D., Andrews, N. (Nick), Pool, Kristin, Oregon State University. Extension Service, Stephenson, Garry Owen Published October 2011. Reviewed October 2015. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog Title: Growing farms : successful whole farm management planning book : think it! write it! Author: Martin, Dana (Dana Lou), Fery, Melissa, Matthewson, Melissa, Angima, S. D., Andrews, N. (Nick), Pool, Kristin, Oregon State University. Extension Service, Stephenson, Garry Owen Published October 2011. Reviewed October 2015. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog Close

• 15. [Article] Data requirements and transmittal techniques for applied farm organization linear programming

  Linear programming is now widely accepted and used by researchers and industrial management people, but its adoption by farm managers has been slow. This study concentrates on the development of improved ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Data requirements and transmittal techniques for applied farm organization linear programming Author: Miles, Stanley Linear programming is now widely accepted and used by researchers and industrial management people, but its adoption by farm managers has been slow. This study concentrates on the development of improved data transmittal techniques for farm organization linear programming. The program model is designed to analyze crop production alternatives. Models presently in use were studied for 1). restriction and activity format and 2). data transmittal input and output techniques. In spite of the availability of linear programming models, the lack of input and report generating programs has limited the application of linear programming as a practical farm management tool. Input forms and computer reports were designed for ease of use and interpretation by farm managers. The system was then programmed by the Oregon State University Computer Center and tested for practical application on a case farm. Various problems appeared which required a redesign of the forms and computer reports. A "Cooperators Manual" was then written to explain the system to potential users. After several program changes, the system was tested on six selected farms. The farmers completed the forms for their operations indicating the resources available and the crop activity coefficients. The farmers, after receiving the computer reports, completed a questionnaire stating their experiences and thoughts regarding this farm planning system. A record was kept of the farm manager's time in filling out the input forms. Computer processing cost for each farm was also recorded. The farm managers were generally quite receptive to this method of systematized budgeting. They all indicated that they planned to implement at least part of the suggested organization It was found that records, of some description, were needed in going through the process of completing the forms. County agents and published data can also be used in the information-gathering process. This study reveals that data transmittal techniques can be developed such that farm managers can communicate readily with the computer. Better communication will make other technical tools, in addition to linear programming, useful in modern farm business management. Title: Data requirements and transmittal techniques for applied farm organization linear programming Author: Miles, Stanley Linear programming is now widely accepted and used by researchers and industrial management people, but its adoption by farm managers has been slow. This study concentrates on the development of improved data transmittal techniques for farm organization linear programming. The program model is designed to analyze crop production alternatives. Models presently in use were studied for 1). restriction and activity format and 2). data transmittal input and output techniques. In spite of the availability of linear programming models, the lack of input and report generating programs has limited the application of linear programming as a practical farm management tool. Input forms and computer reports were designed for ease of use and interpretation by farm managers. The system was then programmed by the Oregon State University Computer Center and tested for practical application on a case farm. Various problems appeared which required a redesign of the forms and computer reports. A "Cooperators Manual" was then written to explain the system to potential users. After several program changes, the system was tested on six selected farms. The farmers completed the forms for their operations indicating the resources available and the crop activity coefficients. The farmers, after receiving the computer reports, completed a questionnaire stating their experiences and thoughts regarding this farm planning system. A record was kept of the farm manager's time in filling out the input forms. Computer processing cost for each farm was also recorded. The farm managers were generally quite receptive to this method of systematized budgeting. They all indicated that they planned to implement at least part of the suggested organization It was found that records, of some description, were needed in going through the process of completing the forms. County agents and published data can also be used in the information-gathering process. This study reveals that data transmittal techniques can be developed such that farm managers can communicate readily with the computer. Better communication will make other technical tools, in addition to linear programming, useful in modern farm business management. Close

• 16. [Article] The Economics of Norwegian Salmon Farming: A Review of 30 years of Production Growth

  Power Point presentation.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The Economics of Norwegian Salmon Farming: A Review of 30 years of Production Growth Author: Rødseth, Kenneth Løvold, Guttormsen, Atle G. Power Point presentation. Title: The Economics of Norwegian Salmon Farming: A Review of 30 years of Production Growth Author: Rødseth, Kenneth Løvold, Guttormsen, Atle G. Power Point presentation. Close

• 17. [Article] Returns of Different Cropping Systems in Disease-Affected Shrimp Areas in Southwest Bangladesh: An Economic Evaluation

  Abstract only.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Returns of Different Cropping Systems in Disease-Affected Shrimp Areas in Southwest Bangladesh: An Economic Evaluation Author: Alam, S. M. Nazmul, Pokrant, Bob Abstract only. Title: Returns of Different Cropping Systems in Disease-Affected Shrimp Areas in Southwest Bangladesh: An Economic Evaluation Author: Alam, S. M. Nazmul, Pokrant, Bob Abstract only. Close

• 18. [Article] Farmed fish in European seafood consumption: perception versus numbers

  Research Paper

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Farmed fish in European seafood consumption: perception versus numbers Author: Paquotte, Philippe Research Paper Title: Farmed fish in European seafood consumption: perception versus numbers Author: Paquotte, Philippe Research Paper Close

• 19. [Article] Fundamental Issues In The Salmon Aquaculture Debate

  Research Paper

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Fundamental Issues In The Salmon Aquaculture Debate Author: Knapp, Gunnar Research Paper Title: Fundamental Issues In The Salmon Aquaculture Debate Author: Knapp, Gunnar Research Paper Close

• 20. [Article] Cultural evolution and small-scale farming

  Small-scale farmers are defined under United States Department of Agriculture guidelines as those whose gross farm sales are less than $40,000. They are typically contrasted with mid-scale farmers whose ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Cultural evolution and small-scale farming Author: Caday, Peter P. Small-scale farmers are defined under United States Department of Agriculture guidelines as those whose gross farm sales are less than $40,000. They are typically contrasted with mid-scale farmers whose gross sales are less than $100,000, and with large-scale farmers whose sales are more than $100,000. Arguments from cultural and historical sources are cited to show that in fact only two cultural traditions may be distinguished: family farmers and industrial farmers. Furthermore, these two traditions represent contemporary examples of specific and general trends in cultural evolution. The small-scale or family farm tradition is examined at length, based on results from the 1978 Small Farm Project interviews in Polk County, Oregon, and on the author's subsequent survey in 1985, as well as other published sources. The salient features of the small-scale farming lifeway, including its perceived strengths and weaknesses, is presented and recommendations are advanced for ways in which small farm communities may be helped to survive or even thrive in the presence of apparent dominance by large-scale, industrial farms. Title: Cultural evolution and small-scale farming Author: Caday, Peter P. Small-scale farmers are defined under United States Department of Agriculture guidelines as those whose gross farm sales are less than $40,000. They are typically contrasted with mid-scale farmers whose gross sales are less than $100,000, and with large-scale farmers whose sales are more than $100,000. Arguments from cultural and historical sources are cited to show that in fact only two cultural traditions may be distinguished: family farmers and industrial farmers. Furthermore, these two traditions represent contemporary examples of specific and general trends in cultural evolution. The small-scale or family farm tradition is examined at length, based on results from the 1978 Small Farm Project interviews in Polk County, Oregon, and on the author's subsequent survey in 1985, as well as other published sources. The salient features of the small-scale farming lifeway, including its perceived strengths and weaknesses, is presented and recommendations are advanced for ways in which small farm communities may be helped to survive or even thrive in the presence of apparent dominance by large-scale, industrial farms. Close