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• 1. [Article] Spatial price linkages between developed and developing countries : the case of rice and wheat markets

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Spatial price linkages between developed and developing countries : the case of rice and wheat markets Author: Navin, Yavapolkul Title: Spatial price linkages between developed and developing countries : the case of rice and wheat markets Author: Navin, Yavapolkul Close

• 2. [Article] Teaching business to the poor : the effectiveness of business development services within microenterprise development

  Many economic development methods over the years have tried to solve the problem of poverty with varied success. Microenterprise development is a method that works with the poor to create small self-run ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Teaching business to the poor : the effectiveness of business development services within microenterprise development Author: Wilson, Taylor Anne Many economic development methods over the years have tried to solve the problem of poverty with varied success. Microenterprise development is a method that works with the poor to create small self-run businesses to increase their income, and therefore bring more freedom from disease illiteracy and discrimination. Within microenterprise development one element, called business development services, focuses on training and assisting the businesses with marketing, management, accounting or other business fundamentals. Business development services strive to teach good business practices to the poor, so they can then pull themselves out of poverty. The effectiveness of this method is extremely difficult to measure, but through a case study with Mercy Corps in Mongolia, one can see how the services have created jobs, businesses and organizations that will, prospectively, better the community and country as a whole. Title: Teaching business to the poor : the effectiveness of business development services within microenterprise development Author: Wilson, Taylor Anne Many economic development methods over the years have tried to solve the problem of poverty with varied success. Microenterprise development is a method that works with the poor to create small self-run businesses to increase their income, and therefore bring more freedom from disease illiteracy and discrimination. Within microenterprise development one element, called business development services, focuses on training and assisting the businesses with marketing, management, accounting or other business fundamentals. Business development services strive to teach good business practices to the poor, so they can then pull themselves out of poverty. The effectiveness of this method is extremely difficult to measure, but through a case study with Mercy Corps in Mongolia, one can see how the services have created jobs, businesses and organizations that will, prospectively, better the community and country as a whole. Close

• 3. [Article] How well do professional developers test with code coverage visualizations? An empirical study

  "Code coverage visualizations using block coverage neither guided developers toward productive testing strategies, nor did these visualizations motivate developers to write more tests or help them find ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: How well do professional developers test with code coverage visualizations? An empirical study Author: Burnett, Margaret, 1949-, Lawrance, Joseph A., Clarke, Steven, Oregon State University. Dept. of Computer Science, Rothermel, Gregg "Code coverage visualizations using block coverage neither guided developers toward productive testing strategies, nor did these visualizations motivate developers to write more tests or help them find more faults than the control group. Nevertheless, code coverage visualizations did influence developers in a few important ways. Code coverage visualizations led developers to overestimate their test effectiveness more than the control group. Yet, these same visualizations reduced the variability in the number of test cases developers wrote by changing the standard developers used to evaluate their test effectiveness. Thus, the true power of testing visualizations lies not only with the faults that visualizations can highlight; it also lies in how visualizations can change how developers think about testing. Testing visualizations guide developers toward a particular standard of effectiveness, so if we want developers to test software adequately, we must ensure that the coverage criteria we choose to visualize leads developers toward a good standard of test effectiveness."--Conclusion Title: How well do professional developers test with code coverage visualizations? An empirical study Author: Burnett, Margaret, 1949-, Lawrance, Joseph A., Clarke, Steven, Oregon State University. Dept. of Computer Science, Rothermel, Gregg "Code coverage visualizations using block coverage neither guided developers toward productive testing strategies, nor did these visualizations motivate developers to write more tests or help them find more faults than the control group. Nevertheless, code coverage visualizations did influence developers in a few important ways. Code coverage visualizations led developers to overestimate their test effectiveness more than the control group. Yet, these same visualizations reduced the variability in the number of test cases developers wrote by changing the standard developers used to evaluate their test effectiveness. Thus, the true power of testing visualizations lies not only with the faults that visualizations can highlight; it also lies in how visualizations can change how developers think about testing. Testing visualizations guide developers toward a particular standard of effectiveness, so if we want developers to test software adequately, we must ensure that the coverage criteria we choose to visualize leads developers toward a good standard of test effectiveness."--Conclusion Close

• 4. [Article] Continuous Integration (CI) Needs and Wishes for Developers of Proprietary Code

  Continuous integration (CI) systems automate the compilation, building, and testing of software. Despite CI being one of the most widely used processes in software engineering, we do not know what motivates ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Continuous Integration (CI) Needs and Wishes for Developers of Proprietary Code Author: Dig, Danny, Tunnell, Timothy, Nelson, Nicholas, Oregon State University. Dept. of Computer Science, Hilton, Michael, Marinov, Darko Continuous integration (CI) systems automate the compilation, building, and testing of software. Despite CI being one of the most widely used processes in software engineering, we do not know what motivates developers to use CI, and what barriers and unmet needs they face. Without such knowledge developers make easily avoidable errors, managers reduce the productivity of developers by making misinformed decisions, tool builders invest in the wrong direction, and researchers miss many opportunities for improving the software engineering practice. Given the large fraction of proprietary code development, understanding how proprietary developers are using CI is vital to improving it. We present the first study of how CI is used in the proprietary development of software. We conduct 16 semi-structured interviews with developers from different industries and development scale. We generalize these findings by surveying 523 developers from all over the world. We find that 78% of developers feel more productive when using CI, and 85% think that using CI causes developers to give more value to automated testing. However, unlike open-source developers, many proprietary developers want to use CI but are not allowed to do so. 50% of developers have problems troubleshooting CI builds, and more than half of developers want easier configurations for CI tools and services. Title: Continuous Integration (CI) Needs and Wishes for Developers of Proprietary Code Author: Dig, Danny, Tunnell, Timothy, Nelson, Nicholas, Oregon State University. Dept. of Computer Science, Hilton, Michael, Marinov, Darko Continuous integration (CI) systems automate the compilation, building, and testing of software. Despite CI being one of the most widely used processes in software engineering, we do not know what motivates developers to use CI, and what barriers and unmet needs they face. Without such knowledge developers make easily avoidable errors, managers reduce the productivity of developers by making misinformed decisions, tool builders invest in the wrong direction, and researchers miss many opportunities for improving the software engineering practice. Given the large fraction of proprietary code development, understanding how proprietary developers are using CI is vital to improving it. We present the first study of how CI is used in the proprietary development of software. We conduct 16 semi-structured interviews with developers from different industries and development scale. We generalize these findings by surveying 523 developers from all over the world. We find that 78% of developers feel more productive when using CI, and 85% think that using CI causes developers to give more value to automated testing. However, unlike open-source developers, many proprietary developers want to use CI but are not allowed to do so. 50% of developers have problems troubleshooting CI builds, and more than half of developers want easier configurations for CI tools and services. Close

• 5. [Article] An analysis of the relationship between sustainable development and U.S. petroleum policy

  The term "sustainable development" describes certain proposals designed to provide the present generation with such needs as food, shelter, and energy while sustaining the environment or stock of natural ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: An analysis of the relationship between sustainable development and U.S. petroleum policy Author: Talmage, Catherine The term "sustainable development" describes certain proposals designed to provide the present generation with such needs as food, shelter, and energy while sustaining the environment or stock of natural resources for future generations. The purpose of this paper was to analyze the relationship between sustainable development and current U.S. petroleum policy. Information was gathered from newspapers, journals, government publications, and other relevant literature. The paper provided an overview of sustainable development, a history of u.s. petroleum policy, and an analysis of the congruence of sustainable development and current u.s. petroleum policy. The analysis showed that U.S. petroleum policy does not reflect the tenets of sustainable development. The paper examined three factors, other than the structure of America's government and decision-making process, that might explain the discrepancy between sustainable development and U.S. petroleum policy. These factors were widespread political inaction among Americans, negative interpretations of sustainable development, and a similarity between the intentions underlying both sustainable development and the problems it seeks to solve. The paper closed with some general speculations about sustainable development. Title: An analysis of the relationship between sustainable development and U.S. petroleum policy Author: Talmage, Catherine The term "sustainable development" describes certain proposals designed to provide the present generation with such needs as food, shelter, and energy while sustaining the environment or stock of natural resources for future generations. The purpose of this paper was to analyze the relationship between sustainable development and current U.S. petroleum policy. Information was gathered from newspapers, journals, government publications, and other relevant literature. The paper provided an overview of sustainable development, a history of u.s. petroleum policy, and an analysis of the congruence of sustainable development and current u.s. petroleum policy. The analysis showed that U.S. petroleum policy does not reflect the tenets of sustainable development. The paper examined three factors, other than the structure of America's government and decision-making process, that might explain the discrepancy between sustainable development and U.S. petroleum policy. These factors were widespread political inaction among Americans, negative interpretations of sustainable development, and a similarity between the intentions underlying both sustainable development and the problems it seeks to solve. The paper closed with some general speculations about sustainable development. Close

• 6. [Article] Process Development: Methodology and Implementation Strategy

  This white paper provides a practical guide and methodology that addresses these challenges. This “how to” guide for process development is comprised of three main components: 1) The Process Development ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Process Development: Methodology and Implementation Strategy Author: Kearney, Thomas D, Collier, Robert W. This white paper provides a practical guide and methodology that addresses these challenges. This “how to” guide for process development is comprised of three main components: 1) The Process Development Template, a series of steps for developing processes; 2) the Process Development Implementation Steps, a series of steps for managing process development within an organization; and 3) Step-by-step examples created during the Sensor Life Cycle project that illustrate process development deliverables. Title: Process Development: Methodology and Implementation Strategy Author: Kearney, Thomas D, Collier, Robert W. This white paper provides a practical guide and methodology that addresses these challenges. This “how to” guide for process development is comprised of three main components: 1) The Process Development Template, a series of steps for developing processes; 2) the Process Development Implementation Steps, a series of steps for managing process development within an organization; and 3) Step-by-step examples created during the Sensor Life Cycle project that illustrate process development deliverables. Close

• 7. [Article] Do Community Driven Development (CDD) Programs Improve Social Relationships measured by Perceived Discrimination among Different Ethnicities in Nepal?

  2011

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Do Community Driven Development (CDD) Programs Improve Social Relationships measured by Perceived Discrimination among Different Ethnicities in Nepal? Author: Dhakal, Gunjan 2011 Title: Do Community Driven Development (CDD) Programs Improve Social Relationships measured by Perceived Discrimination among Different Ethnicities in Nepal? Author: Dhakal, Gunjan 2011 Close

• 8. [Article] Resilience and Small-scale Fisheries in the Developing World

  Abstract only.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Resilience and Small-scale Fisheries in the Developing World Author: Andrew, Neil Abstract only. Title: Resilience and Small-scale Fisheries in the Developing World Author: Andrew, Neil Abstract only. Close

• 9. [Article] The impact of a community college interdisciplinary faculty teaching and learning community on faculty professional development

  My study explores the impact of participation in a faculty teaching and learning community (TLC) on the professional development of community college faculty. I address the problem that, in spite of the ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The impact of a community college interdisciplinary faculty teaching and learning community on faculty professional development Author: Pincus, Gail S. My study explores the impact of participation in a faculty teaching and learning community (TLC) on the professional development of community college faculty. I address the problem that, in spite of the growth of faculty development activity in the community college during the past decade, how faculty development occurs is not well understood. Previous research generally measures the success of individual faculty development strategies without providing much insight into how development occurs. Critical change forces that are currently impacting community college teaching require effective professional development. These critical forces are: changes in the nation's population demographics, economy, and the nature of work; the technological revolution; systems thinking; and developments in our understanding of how people learn in diverse ways. My research methodology was a descriptive, interpretive case study, focused on understanding how faculty viewed their experiences while participating in a TLC planning team during the 18-month study. I conducted multiple interviews with the 11 planning team members, supported with site visits and field notes; collected documents; conducted five triangulation interviews at different sites; and participated in peer briefings with a researcher who was concurrently studying a different faculty teaching and learning community model. The TLC faculty planning team members tell the story of the evolution of their teaching and learning community in four conversations that I created from the interviews. The essence of how faculty professional development occurs through the TLC can be described as a web of inclusion. This web incorporates the personal and professional development connections which the faculty make through the learner-centered environment of their TLC. Their TLC includes, supports, and promotes all kinds of personal and professional development, including kinds described as traditional by the TLC planning team. Key factors in the planning team's perceptions of how professional development occurs are (a) that they experience any specific professional development approach within the context of personal and social interactions, and (b) that they put their leadership efforts into creating a campus climate and conditions which have the capacity to increase the possibilities for professional development to occur. Title: The impact of a community college interdisciplinary faculty teaching and learning community on faculty professional development Author: Pincus, Gail S. My study explores the impact of participation in a faculty teaching and learning community (TLC) on the professional development of community college faculty. I address the problem that, in spite of the growth of faculty development activity in the community college during the past decade, how faculty development occurs is not well understood. Previous research generally measures the success of individual faculty development strategies without providing much insight into how development occurs. Critical change forces that are currently impacting community college teaching require effective professional development. These critical forces are: changes in the nation's population demographics, economy, and the nature of work; the technological revolution; systems thinking; and developments in our understanding of how people learn in diverse ways. My research methodology was a descriptive, interpretive case study, focused on understanding how faculty viewed their experiences while participating in a TLC planning team during the 18-month study. I conducted multiple interviews with the 11 planning team members, supported with site visits and field notes; collected documents; conducted five triangulation interviews at different sites; and participated in peer briefings with a researcher who was concurrently studying a different faculty teaching and learning community model. The TLC faculty planning team members tell the story of the evolution of their teaching and learning community in four conversations that I created from the interviews. The essence of how faculty professional development occurs through the TLC can be described as a web of inclusion. This web incorporates the personal and professional development connections which the faculty make through the learner-centered environment of their TLC. Their TLC includes, supports, and promotes all kinds of personal and professional development, including kinds described as traditional by the TLC planning team. Key factors in the planning team's perceptions of how professional development occurs are (a) that they experience any specific professional development approach within the context of personal and social interactions, and (b) that they put their leadership efforts into creating a campus climate and conditions which have the capacity to increase the possibilities for professional development to occur. Close

• 10. [Article] Ethiopia: poverty elimination and barriers to development

  Economic development and the eradication of poverty are complicated issues debated by experts. Current literature is polarized; offering extreme solutions that are easy to argue but that are ambiguous ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Ethiopia: poverty elimination and barriers to development Author: Reed, Samantha Economic development and the eradication of poverty are complicated issues debated by experts. Current literature is polarized; offering extreme solutions that are easy to argue but that are ambiguous or lacking application. Some of the most prominent researchers choose popular stances on development perhaps due to selling power. Unfortunately, no one current author offers a sufficient explanation or solution for development. However, this gap presents an opportunity. Synthesis of the current literature illuminates a new approach to development. Finally, specific country analysis of key policies and areas of concern is the first step in supporting economic development. Title: Ethiopia: poverty elimination and barriers to development Author: Reed, Samantha Economic development and the eradication of poverty are complicated issues debated by experts. Current literature is polarized; offering extreme solutions that are easy to argue but that are ambiguous or lacking application. Some of the most prominent researchers choose popular stances on development perhaps due to selling power. Unfortunately, no one current author offers a sufficient explanation or solution for development. However, this gap presents an opportunity. Synthesis of the current literature illuminates a new approach to development. Finally, specific country analysis of key policies and areas of concern is the first step in supporting economic development. Close

• 11. [Article] Transactional analysis applied to a community development issue

  Barth's theory of transactional analysis is applied to the community of Tiller, Oregon and its reaction to a development proposal. Community behavior patterns vis-a-vis the development proposal are examined ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Transactional analysis applied to a community development issue Author: Manolescu, Kathleen M. Barth's theory of transactional analysis is applied to the community of Tiller, Oregon and its reaction to a development proposal. Community behavior patterns vis-a-vis the development proposal are examined from a processual point of view to determine how these patterns are generated. The community's history and contemporary situation are described. Data derived from bibliographic and field research are presented to illustrate transactions involving reciprocity in the community. A generative model is formulated to depict the constraints and incentives channeling decision-making in the transactions. It is concluded that a transactional analysis is an appropriate tool for examining the community development process and for specifying critical elements in development. The analysis revealed cultural evaluations and therefore provided an indirect means for engaging citizen participation and for assessing the development proposal. Title: Transactional analysis applied to a community development issue Author: Manolescu, Kathleen M. Barth's theory of transactional analysis is applied to the community of Tiller, Oregon and its reaction to a development proposal. Community behavior patterns vis-a-vis the development proposal are examined from a processual point of view to determine how these patterns are generated. The community's history and contemporary situation are described. Data derived from bibliographic and field research are presented to illustrate transactions involving reciprocity in the community. A generative model is formulated to depict the constraints and incentives channeling decision-making in the transactions. It is concluded that a transactional analysis is an appropriate tool for examining the community development process and for specifying critical elements in development. The analysis revealed cultural evaluations and therefore provided an indirect means for engaging citizen participation and for assessing the development proposal. Close

• 12. [Article] Understanding Software Development and Testing Practices

  A bad software development process leads to wasted effort and inferior products. In order to improve a software process, it must be first understood. In this work I focus on understanding software processes. The ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Understanding Software Development and Testing Practices Author: Hilton, Michael (Michael Edward) A bad software development process leads to wasted effort and inferior products. In order to improve a software process, it must be first understood. In this work I focus on understanding software processes. The first process we seek to understand is Continuous Integration (CI). CI systems automate the compilation, building, and testing of software. Despite CI rising as a big success story in automated software engineering, it has received almost no attention from the research community. For example, how widely is CI used in practice, and what are some costs and benefits associated with CI? Without answering such questions, developers, tool builders, and researchers make decisions based on folklore instead of data. We use three complementary methods to study the usage of CI in open-source projects. To understand which CI systems developers use, we analyzed 34,544 open-source projects from GitHub. To understand how developers use CI, we analyzed 1,529,291 builds from the most commonly used CI system. To understand why projects use or do not use CI, we surveyed 442 developers. With this data, we answered several key questions related to the usage, costs, and benefits of CI. Among our results, we show evidence that supports the claim that CI helps projects release more often, that CI is widely adopted by the most popular projects, as well as finding that the overall percentage of projects using CI continues to grow, making it important and timely to focus more research on CI. Furthermore, we present a qualitative study of the barriers and needs developers face when using CI. In this paper, we conduct 16 semi-structured interviews with developers from different industries and development scales. We triangulate our findings by running two surveys. The Focused Survey samples 51 developers at a single company. The Broad Survey samples a population of 523 developers from all over the world. We identify trade-offs developers face when using and implementing CI. Developers face trade-offs between speed and certainty (Assurance), between better access and information security (Security), and between more configuration options and better ease of use (Flexibility). We present implications of these trade-offs for developers, tool builders, and researchers. Additionally, we seek to use code and test changes to understand conformance to the Test Driven Development (TDD) process. We designed and implemented TDDViz, a tool that supports developers in better understanding how they conform to TDD. TDDViz supports this understanding by providing novel visualizations of developers’ TDD process. To enable TDDViz’s visualizations, we developed a novel automatic inferencer that identifies the phases that make up the TDD process solely based on code and test changes. We evaluate TDDViz using two complementary methods: a controlled experiment with 35 participants to evaluate the visualization, and a case study with 2601 TDD Sessions to evaluate the inference algorithm. The controlled experiment shows that, in comparison to existing visualizations, participants performed significantly better when using TDDViz to answer questions about code evolution. In addition, the case study shows that the inferencing algorithm in TDDViz infers TDD phases with an accuracy (F-measure) of 87%. Title: Understanding Software Development and Testing Practices Author: Hilton, Michael (Michael Edward) A bad software development process leads to wasted effort and inferior products. In order to improve a software process, it must be first understood. In this work I focus on understanding software processes. The first process we seek to understand is Continuous Integration (CI). CI systems automate the compilation, building, and testing of software. Despite CI rising as a big success story in automated software engineering, it has received almost no attention from the research community. For example, how widely is CI used in practice, and what are some costs and benefits associated with CI? Without answering such questions, developers, tool builders, and researchers make decisions based on folklore instead of data. We use three complementary methods to study the usage of CI in open-source projects. To understand which CI systems developers use, we analyzed 34,544 open-source projects from GitHub. To understand how developers use CI, we analyzed 1,529,291 builds from the most commonly used CI system. To understand why projects use or do not use CI, we surveyed 442 developers. With this data, we answered several key questions related to the usage, costs, and benefits of CI. Among our results, we show evidence that supports the claim that CI helps projects release more often, that CI is widely adopted by the most popular projects, as well as finding that the overall percentage of projects using CI continues to grow, making it important and timely to focus more research on CI. Furthermore, we present a qualitative study of the barriers and needs developers face when using CI. In this paper, we conduct 16 semi-structured interviews with developers from different industries and development scales. We triangulate our findings by running two surveys. The Focused Survey samples 51 developers at a single company. The Broad Survey samples a population of 523 developers from all over the world. We identify trade-offs developers face when using and implementing CI. Developers face trade-offs between speed and certainty (Assurance), between better access and information security (Security), and between more configuration options and better ease of use (Flexibility). We present implications of these trade-offs for developers, tool builders, and researchers. Additionally, we seek to use code and test changes to understand conformance to the Test Driven Development (TDD) process. We designed and implemented TDDViz, a tool that supports developers in better understanding how they conform to TDD. TDDViz supports this understanding by providing novel visualizations of developers’ TDD process. To enable TDDViz’s visualizations, we developed a novel automatic inferencer that identifies the phases that make up the TDD process solely based on code and test changes. We evaluate TDDViz using two complementary methods: a controlled experiment with 35 participants to evaluate the visualization, and a case study with 2601 TDD Sessions to evaluate the inference algorithm. The controlled experiment shows that, in comparison to existing visualizations, participants performed significantly better when using TDDViz to answer questions about code evolution. In addition, the case study shows that the inferencing algorithm in TDDViz infers TDD phases with an accuracy (F-measure) of 87%. Close

• 13. [Article] An analysis of social relationships at a development site in Kenya

  Both development and post-structuralist anthropologists have critiqued development. Development anthropologists are concerned that development does not take adequate account of the social and cultural ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: An analysis of social relationships at a development site in Kenya Author: Burke, Deborah A. Both development and post-structuralist anthropologists have critiqued development. Development anthropologists are concerned that development does not take adequate account of the social and cultural factors of developing nations, while post structuralists question the ontology of development and assert that domination over developing nations is inherent in the concept of development. To examine the social effects of development projects I conducted ethnographic research for a nine-week period on social relations at Sagana Fish Farm, located two kilometers from Sagana Township in the Kirinyaga District of the Central Province of Kenya. (The population of Sagana Township is approximately 5,885 people.) I obtained thirty-one semi-structured interviews, also relying on participant observation and informal interviews with civil servants (permanent employees) and casual laborers (temporary employees). I analyzed information obtained during interviews and participant observation within the context of power and resistance theory. Civil servants tended to value the presence of development projects because projects made structural enhancements and renovations to the fish farm. Development projects presented civil servants the possibility for skills development and additional income to fish farm employees and created temporary employment for individuals from neighboring communities. Civil servants stated that an inexpensive source of protein was available in the form of fish, chicken, and milk as a result of the work of development organizations. However, they also expressed concerns regarding the sustainability of development projects due to tension between expatriate development project workers and fish farm employees, inadequate information sharing and technology transfer, and financial and human resource mismanagement in the Kenya civil service. Casual laborers discussed the possibility of skills development through their work with development projects at the fish farm and expressed concern about their employment conditions. They were concerned about low wages in contrast with the intensity of their labor; insecure terms of employment; an absence of protective equipment at their work site; health and medical issues; and the availability of treated drinking water. Other concerns were associated with dignity, tribalism, and a fear of power of expatriate development workers and Kenyan civil service officers. Based on the above findings I made the following recommendations were made: implement cultural sensitivity training for expatriate development workers; develop project plans that foster a sense of investment in project operations; provide discounted fish to casual laborers; improve the work conditions of casual laborers; establish a health clinic; and provide informal loans to facilitate technology transfer. Title: An analysis of social relationships at a development site in Kenya Author: Burke, Deborah A. Both development and post-structuralist anthropologists have critiqued development. Development anthropologists are concerned that development does not take adequate account of the social and cultural factors of developing nations, while post structuralists question the ontology of development and assert that domination over developing nations is inherent in the concept of development. To examine the social effects of development projects I conducted ethnographic research for a nine-week period on social relations at Sagana Fish Farm, located two kilometers from Sagana Township in the Kirinyaga District of the Central Province of Kenya. (The population of Sagana Township is approximately 5,885 people.) I obtained thirty-one semi-structured interviews, also relying on participant observation and informal interviews with civil servants (permanent employees) and casual laborers (temporary employees). I analyzed information obtained during interviews and participant observation within the context of power and resistance theory. Civil servants tended to value the presence of development projects because projects made structural enhancements and renovations to the fish farm. Development projects presented civil servants the possibility for skills development and additional income to fish farm employees and created temporary employment for individuals from neighboring communities. Civil servants stated that an inexpensive source of protein was available in the form of fish, chicken, and milk as a result of the work of development organizations. However, they also expressed concerns regarding the sustainability of development projects due to tension between expatriate development project workers and fish farm employees, inadequate information sharing and technology transfer, and financial and human resource mismanagement in the Kenya civil service. Casual laborers discussed the possibility of skills development through their work with development projects at the fish farm and expressed concern about their employment conditions. They were concerned about low wages in contrast with the intensity of their labor; insecure terms of employment; an absence of protective equipment at their work site; health and medical issues; and the availability of treated drinking water. Other concerns were associated with dignity, tribalism, and a fear of power of expatriate development workers and Kenyan civil service officers. Based on the above findings I made the following recommendations were made: implement cultural sensitivity training for expatriate development workers; develop project plans that foster a sense of investment in project operations; provide discounted fish to casual laborers; improve the work conditions of casual laborers; establish a health clinic; and provide informal loans to facilitate technology transfer. Close

• 14. [Article] Discovery and Isolation of Bioactive Natural Products from Actinomycete Bacteria With an Examination of Infectious Disease Drug Development and Application: A Comparison of the Developing and Developed Worlds

  June 2012

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Discovery and Isolation of Bioactive Natural Products from Actinomycete Bacteria With an Examination of Infectious Disease Drug Development and Application: A Comparison of the Developing and Developed Worlds Author: Petrossian, Gregory June 2012 Title: Discovery and Isolation of Bioactive Natural Products from Actinomycete Bacteria With an Examination of Infectious Disease Drug Development and Application: A Comparison of the Developing and Developed Worlds Author: Petrossian, Gregory June 2012 Close

• 15. [Article] Preschool children's motor development and perceived competence

  This study compared the effects of two conditions on the motor development of preschool children and investigated the relationship between preschool children's motor development and perceived competence. ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Preschool children's motor development and perceived competence Author: Boucher, Barbara H. This study compared the effects of two conditions on the motor development of preschool children and investigated the relationship between preschool children's motor development and perceived competence. Specifically, it provided information for discerning: a) the relative effects of a sensory-motor condition and an unstructured activities condition on the motor development of preschool children immediately following the 20-week intervention; and b) whether perceived competence was related to motor development in the preschool children following termination of the treatment. Additionally, a teacher survey which addressed the teacher-consultant relationship was developed and piloted within the context of the study for use in future research. Subjects were 31 children enrolled in two preschool programs including: a) the curriculum group (N=16), and b) the non-curriculum group (N=l5). The Peabody Motor Developmental Scales and the Pictorial Scale of Perceived Competence and Social Acceptance were used to assess the children's motor development and perceived competence, respectively. All subjects were tested prior to the 20- week intervention period and immediately following the intervention. A series of 2 (group) X 2 (testing time) repeated measures analyses of variance were used to analyze the impact of the two conditions. Results revealed that the motor development of subjects in both groups changed significantly over time; however, there were no differences between groups. Product-moment correlations and linear regression analyses were used to assess the relationship between preschool children's motor development and perceived competence. Results revealed that perceived competence relative to motor development did not change over time; however a reciprocal relationship between motor development and perceived competence in preschool children was found. The piloted teacher survey showed potential for evaluation of service delivery models and as a tool for teacher-consultant communication in future studies. Title: Preschool children's motor development and perceived competence Author: Boucher, Barbara H. This study compared the effects of two conditions on the motor development of preschool children and investigated the relationship between preschool children's motor development and perceived competence. Specifically, it provided information for discerning: a) the relative effects of a sensory-motor condition and an unstructured activities condition on the motor development of preschool children immediately following the 20-week intervention; and b) whether perceived competence was related to motor development in the preschool children following termination of the treatment. Additionally, a teacher survey which addressed the teacher-consultant relationship was developed and piloted within the context of the study for use in future research. Subjects were 31 children enrolled in two preschool programs including: a) the curriculum group (N=16), and b) the non-curriculum group (N=l5). The Peabody Motor Developmental Scales and the Pictorial Scale of Perceived Competence and Social Acceptance were used to assess the children's motor development and perceived competence, respectively. All subjects were tested prior to the 20- week intervention period and immediately following the intervention. A series of 2 (group) X 2 (testing time) repeated measures analyses of variance were used to analyze the impact of the two conditions. Results revealed that the motor development of subjects in both groups changed significantly over time; however, there were no differences between groups. Product-moment correlations and linear regression analyses were used to assess the relationship between preschool children's motor development and perceived competence. Results revealed that perceived competence relative to motor development did not change over time; however a reciprocal relationship between motor development and perceived competence in preschool children was found. The piloted teacher survey showed potential for evaluation of service delivery models and as a tool for teacher-consultant communication in future studies. Close

• 16. [Article] A product development process measurement methodology applied to small manufacturing companies

  The implementation of concurrent engineering into many large companies has greatly improved their product development processes. These companies have seen significant gains in quality and customer satisfaction ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: A product development process measurement methodology applied to small manufacturing companies Author: Schlegel, Stephen C. The implementation of concurrent engineering into many large companies has greatly improved their product development processes. These companies have seen significant gains in quality and customer satisfaction with reduced product costs, defects, and time-to-market (Lake, 1992). Many large companies have successfully employed this relatively new product development philosophy. However, smaller companies have not yet integrated this philosophy into their product development systems with the success that larger companies have seen. With small companies composing 98% of the manufacturing firms in this country (U.S. Census Bureau, 1995), there has been a recent push for the development of implementation methods for small companies. This paper presents a five step approach that small manufacturing companies can use to implement a concurrent engineering based product development process. Our definition of a small manufacturing company is an organization with 50 or fewer employees and net annual sales of 10 million dollars or less. The first step provides a general outline for companies to use in documenting their current product development process. The second step involves comparing the company's current product development process to a concurrent engineering based product development process model that is general enough for nearly all manufacturing firms. This step also includes the use of the theory of constraints and a so-called revised theory of constraints method to further refine the process understanding and description. Third, a new methodology for designing and applying process measurements is used to provide insight into the relationships that exists between the internal and external resources, requirements and deliverables of the product development process. It is during this step that the Process Measurement Matrix (PMM) is developed. Fourth, the PMM is used in conjunction with the analytical hierarchy process or a simple ranking technique to develop relative priorities. Finally, the appropriate measurements are constructed for each subprocess in the product development process. Title: A product development process measurement methodology applied to small manufacturing companies Author: Schlegel, Stephen C. The implementation of concurrent engineering into many large companies has greatly improved their product development processes. These companies have seen significant gains in quality and customer satisfaction with reduced product costs, defects, and time-to-market (Lake, 1992). Many large companies have successfully employed this relatively new product development philosophy. However, smaller companies have not yet integrated this philosophy into their product development systems with the success that larger companies have seen. With small companies composing 98% of the manufacturing firms in this country (U.S. Census Bureau, 1995), there has been a recent push for the development of implementation methods for small companies. This paper presents a five step approach that small manufacturing companies can use to implement a concurrent engineering based product development process. Our definition of a small manufacturing company is an organization with 50 or fewer employees and net annual sales of 10 million dollars or less. The first step provides a general outline for companies to use in documenting their current product development process. The second step involves comparing the company's current product development process to a concurrent engineering based product development process model that is general enough for nearly all manufacturing firms. This step also includes the use of the theory of constraints and a so-called revised theory of constraints method to further refine the process understanding and description. Third, a new methodology for designing and applying process measurements is used to provide insight into the relationships that exists between the internal and external resources, requirements and deliverables of the product development process. It is during this step that the Process Measurement Matrix (PMM) is developed. Fourth, the PMM is used in conjunction with the analytical hierarchy process or a simple ranking technique to develop relative priorities. Finally, the appropriate measurements are constructed for each subprocess in the product development process. Close

• 17. [Article] How well do professional developers test with code coverage visualizations? : an empirical study

  Professional software developers do not test code adequately, even though testing tools are widely available. Until developers realize the deficiencies in their tests, inadequate testing of software seems ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: How well do professional developers test with code coverage visualizations? : an empirical study Author: Lawrance, Joseph A. Professional software developers do not test code adequately, even though testing tools are widely available. Until developers realize the deficiencies in their tests, inadequate testing of software seems likely to remain a major problem. To support developers writing tests, industry and researchers have proposed systems that visualize “testedness” for end-user and professional developers. Empirical studies of such systems for end-user programmers have begun to show success at helping end users write more effective tests. Encouraged by this research, we examined the effect that code coverage visualizations have on the effectiveness of test cases that professional software developers write. This paper presents the results of an empirical study conducted using code coverage visualizations found in a commercially available programming environment. Our results reveal that block coverage visualizations shaped developer behavior, but also led developers to overestimate how many faults their tests revealed. Title: How well do professional developers test with code coverage visualizations? : an empirical study Author: Lawrance, Joseph A. Professional software developers do not test code adequately, even though testing tools are widely available. Until developers realize the deficiencies in their tests, inadequate testing of software seems likely to remain a major problem. To support developers writing tests, industry and researchers have proposed systems that visualize “testedness” for end-user and professional developers. Empirical studies of such systems for end-user programmers have begun to show success at helping end users write more effective tests. Encouraged by this research, we examined the effect that code coverage visualizations have on the effectiveness of test cases that professional software developers write. This paper presents the results of an empirical study conducted using code coverage visualizations found in a commercially available programming environment. Our results reveal that block coverage visualizations shaped developer behavior, but also led developers to overestimate how many faults their tests revealed. Close

• 18. [Article] Development of Ports and its Impact on Marine Fish Production: A Critical Study of Gujarat State (India)

  Gujarat, a major maritime state, has 20 percent coastline and accounts for 10 per cent of fish production of India. Recently, the government of Gujarat has placed a special emphasis on the development ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Development of Ports and its Impact on Marine Fish Production: A Critical Study of Gujarat State (India) Author: Kulkarni, Vilas, Asthana, Anjani Gujarat, a major maritime state, has 20 percent coastline and accounts for 10 per cent of fish production of India. Recently, the government of Gujarat has placed a special emphasis on the development of ports with an objective to explore the opportunities of trade through the ports. The government plans to develop around 41 ports in the state wherein 12 are almost operational. Looking to this development many private players have shown interest in port development under Publicprivate partnership model. These developments are on the commercial lines of trade negating the living resources of sea. Moreover, this is also adversely affecting the natural habitat of fishery, resulting in depletion of production and degradation of species. In this process, the fishermen community of the state are worst affected. Based on the primary and secondary survey in and around two ports of Veraval and Porbandar the study finds that fishermen are facing difficulties to sustain the fish production and commercial species of fish for their survival. Now, they need to enter deep into the sea for fishing which has increased the cost of fishing operation. In the end, comparing the two ports the study gives suggestions for the sustainable development of ports and fisheries. Title: Development of Ports and its Impact on Marine Fish Production: A Critical Study of Gujarat State (India) Author: Kulkarni, Vilas, Asthana, Anjani Gujarat, a major maritime state, has 20 percent coastline and accounts for 10 per cent of fish production of India. Recently, the government of Gujarat has placed a special emphasis on the development of ports with an objective to explore the opportunities of trade through the ports. The government plans to develop around 41 ports in the state wherein 12 are almost operational. Looking to this development many private players have shown interest in port development under Publicprivate partnership model. These developments are on the commercial lines of trade negating the living resources of sea. Moreover, this is also adversely affecting the natural habitat of fishery, resulting in depletion of production and degradation of species. In this process, the fishermen community of the state are worst affected. Based on the primary and secondary survey in and around two ports of Veraval and Porbandar the study finds that fishermen are facing difficulties to sustain the fish production and commercial species of fish for their survival. Now, they need to enter deep into the sea for fishing which has increased the cost of fishing operation. In the end, comparing the two ports the study gives suggestions for the sustainable development of ports and fisheries. Close

• 19. [Article] Chapter 2 - Encouraging Intellectual Growth

  Librarians work with students, in K-12, public, and academic library settings, but often have little background preparation in how students’ development impacts their learning. Learners undergo a tremendous ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Chapter 2 - Encouraging Intellectual Growth Author: Bridges, Laurie M., McElroy, Kelly, Rempel, Hannah Gascho Librarians work with students, in K-12, public, and academic library settings, but often have little background preparation in how students’ development impacts their learning. Learners undergo a tremendous amount of personal and academic growth throughout their lifetime. Understanding key theories about how students develop and grow can help librarians improve the way they design instruction sessions, outreach activities, and reference services. This guide will present theories in an easy to understand way, along with examples and suggestions for practical application. This book provides practical advice for librarians just beginning to work with learners as well as helpful tips for seasoned library professionals, including school, public, reference, instruction, and outreach librarians. Subjects covered include: ● Integrating development theories into practice ● Intellectual development theories ● Identity development theory ● Involvement theory ● Assessing the impact of using development theories After reading this book, librarians who work with many different learners will have a practical approach for incorporating development theories into their daily work. In addition, librarians will come away with ideas for tailoring their user services programs to meet learners at a range of developmental stages. Title: Chapter 2 - Encouraging Intellectual Growth Author: Bridges, Laurie M., McElroy, Kelly, Rempel, Hannah Gascho Librarians work with students, in K-12, public, and academic library settings, but often have little background preparation in how students’ development impacts their learning. Learners undergo a tremendous amount of personal and academic growth throughout their lifetime. Understanding key theories about how students develop and grow can help librarians improve the way they design instruction sessions, outreach activities, and reference services. This guide will present theories in an easy to understand way, along with examples and suggestions for practical application. This book provides practical advice for librarians just beginning to work with learners as well as helpful tips for seasoned library professionals, including school, public, reference, instruction, and outreach librarians. Subjects covered include: ● Integrating development theories into practice ● Intellectual development theories ● Identity development theory ● Involvement theory ● Assessing the impact of using development theories After reading this book, librarians who work with many different learners will have a practical approach for incorporating development theories into their daily work. In addition, librarians will come away with ideas for tailoring their user services programs to meet learners at a range of developmental stages. Close

• 20. [Article] Upper Willamette Resource Conservation and Development Project newsletter; Vol.6 No.1 (March 1974)

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Upper Willamette Resource Conservation and Development Project newsletter; Vol.6 No.1 (March 1974) Author: Upper Willamette Resource Conservation and Development Project, Oregon State University Extension Service. Resource Conservation and Development Project Office Title: Upper Willamette Resource Conservation and Development Project newsletter; Vol.6 No.1 (March 1974) Author: Upper Willamette Resource Conservation and Development Project, Oregon State University Extension Service. Resource Conservation and Development Project Office Close