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• 1. [Article] The profile of an agricultural economy: Malheur County, Oregon

  This is a report of a survey-based, primary data inter-industrial trade model of the Malheur County economy. Such model, popularly known as county input-output models, are used to project impacts and ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The profile of an agricultural economy: Malheur County, Oregon Author: Stringham, Tamzen, Obermiller, Frederick W., Iqbal, Muzaffar This is a report of a survey-based, primary data inter-industrial trade model of the Malheur County economy. Such model, popularly known as county input-output models, are used to project impacts and monetary trade-offs associated with changes in external markets, local technologies, and input availabilities. Title: The profile of an agricultural economy: Malheur County, Oregon Author: Stringham, Tamzen, Obermiller, Frederick W., Iqbal, Muzaffar This is a report of a survey-based, primary data inter-industrial trade model of the Malheur County economy. Such model, popularly known as county input-output models, are used to project impacts and monetary trade-offs associated with changes in external markets, local technologies, and input availabilities. Close

• 2. [Article] Dynamic factors affecting agricultural economy : proceedings marketing and distribution conference : 1946

  Published January 1946. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catal...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Dynamic factors affecting agricultural economy : proceedings marketing and distribution conference : 1946 Author: Oregon State College Published January 1946. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog Title: Dynamic factors affecting agricultural economy : proceedings marketing and distribution conference : 1946 Author: Oregon State College Published January 1946. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog Close

• 3. [Article] Final Report (Oregon State College, Warm Springs Research Project) : Vol. 3. The agricultural economy

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Final Report (Oregon State College, Warm Springs Research Project) : Vol. 3. The agricultural economy Author: Oregon State College. Warm Springs Research Project Title: Final Report (Oregon State College, Warm Springs Research Project) : Vol. 3. The agricultural economy Author: Oregon State College. Warm Springs Research Project Close

• 4. [Article] Evaluation and cost analysis of alternative residue management methods for Kentucky bluegrass seed production in the Grande Ronde Valley

  The production of high quality grass seed is important to the agricultural economy of the Grande Ronde Valley (GRV) of eastern Oregon. The predominate grass seed crops grown in the area are Kentucky bluegrass ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Evaluation and cost analysis of alternative residue management methods for Kentucky bluegrass seed production in the Grande Ronde Valley Author: Walenta, Darrin L., 1968-, Diebel, Penelope L., 1961-, Gow, Laura R., Kiemnec, Gary L. The production of high quality grass seed is important to the agricultural economy of the Grande Ronde Valley (GRV) of eastern Oregon. The predominate grass seed crops grown in the area are Kentucky bluegrass and fine fescues. Historically, open-field burning has been an effective, economical means by which to remove residue and maintain seed yield and quality. The continued concern for air quality and public health have led to the adoption of alternative residue management methods that place less reliance on open-field burning of full straw residue loads. Title: Evaluation and cost analysis of alternative residue management methods for Kentucky bluegrass seed production in the Grande Ronde Valley Author: Walenta, Darrin L., 1968-, Diebel, Penelope L., 1961-, Gow, Laura R., Kiemnec, Gary L. The production of high quality grass seed is important to the agricultural economy of the Grande Ronde Valley (GRV) of eastern Oregon. The predominate grass seed crops grown in the area are Kentucky bluegrass and fine fescues. Historically, open-field burning has been an effective, economical means by which to remove residue and maintain seed yield and quality. The continued concern for air quality and public health have led to the adoption of alternative residue management methods that place less reliance on open-field burning of full straw residue loads. Close

• 5. [Article] Early spring forage production for western Oregon pastures

  Published January 2004. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Early spring forage production for western Oregon pastures Author: Hart, J., Bohle, Mylen G., Carr, J., Peters, A., Filley, S., Oregon State University. Extension Service, Porath, M., Pirelli, G. J. (Gene J.), Downing, T. Published January 2004. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog Title: Early spring forage production for western Oregon pastures Author: Hart, J., Bohle, Mylen G., Carr, J., Peters, A., Filley, S., Oregon State University. Extension Service, Porath, M., Pirelli, G. J. (Gene J.), Downing, T. Published January 2004. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog Close

• 6. [Article] Right as rain? The value of water in Willamette Valley agriculture

  Signs of climate change across the Pacific Northwest indicate changing patterns of timing and availability of stream flow. Declining summer low flows, decreasing snow pack, higher temperatures and an increasing ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Right as rain? The value of water in Willamette Valley agriculture Author: Kalinin, Alexey V. Signs of climate change across the Pacific Northwest indicate changing patterns of timing and availability of stream flow. Declining summer low flows, decreasing snow pack, higher temperatures and an increasing fraction of mountain precipitation falling as rain, raise concerns about future reliability of stream flows. These changes will likely affect the agricultural economy and the balance between in stream and agricultural water uses, requiring a better understanding of how climatic factors and access to water affect farmers' livelihoods and the basin's economy. This study focuses on two economic questions about water and agriculture in the Willamette Valley. The first question asks: how sensitive is the value of water - as reflected in farmland rents - to variations in temperature, precipitation, soil quality and elevation? The results of a hedonic analysis provide insights into the potential effects of water scarcity that may result from climate change on economic returns to farmers. The second, related question seeks to understand the factors that affect farmers' decisions to exercise their water rights. Growers in the Willamette Valley do not always use their water rights, a surprising phenomenon compared to other farming regions in the western U.S. The analysis here estimates a logit model of farmers' field-level irrigation decisions. These decisions have quantitatively large implications for the consumptive use of water in the Basin overall. The relatively low estimated values for irrigation water rights (compared to other agricultural regions) reflect these patterns of intermittent use of those water rights. The comparison, however, between the per acre value of an irrigation water right and the incremental value of precipitation suggest that water has a similar value to farmers whether it comes as a right or as rain. Title: Right as rain? The value of water in Willamette Valley agriculture Author: Kalinin, Alexey V. Signs of climate change across the Pacific Northwest indicate changing patterns of timing and availability of stream flow. Declining summer low flows, decreasing snow pack, higher temperatures and an increasing fraction of mountain precipitation falling as rain, raise concerns about future reliability of stream flows. These changes will likely affect the agricultural economy and the balance between in stream and agricultural water uses, requiring a better understanding of how climatic factors and access to water affect farmers' livelihoods and the basin's economy. This study focuses on two economic questions about water and agriculture in the Willamette Valley. The first question asks: how sensitive is the value of water - as reflected in farmland rents - to variations in temperature, precipitation, soil quality and elevation? The results of a hedonic analysis provide insights into the potential effects of water scarcity that may result from climate change on economic returns to farmers. The second, related question seeks to understand the factors that affect farmers' decisions to exercise their water rights. Growers in the Willamette Valley do not always use their water rights, a surprising phenomenon compared to other farming regions in the western U.S. The analysis here estimates a logit model of farmers' field-level irrigation decisions. These decisions have quantitatively large implications for the consumptive use of water in the Basin overall. The relatively low estimated values for irrigation water rights (compared to other agricultural regions) reflect these patterns of intermittent use of those water rights. The comparison, however, between the per acre value of an irrigation water right and the incremental value of precipitation suggest that water has a similar value to farmers whether it comes as a right or as rain. Close

• 7. [Article] Fish and Community in Flood-prone Areas of the Mekong River Delta, Vietnam

  The Mekong River Delta plays an essential role to Vietnam’s economy in terms of both rice and fish production. Annual flooding water and a rich level of aquatic resources strongly affect about 10 million local ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Fish and Community in Flood-prone Areas of the Mekong River Delta, Vietnam Author: Sinh, Le Xuan The Mekong River Delta plays an essential role to Vietnam’s economy in terms of both rice and fish production. Annual flooding water and a rich level of aquatic resources strongly affect about 10 million local people, as well as extend beyond the boundaries of wetland itself. Flooding water and wild fish in it are considered common properties while physical and socio-economics conditions in the flooding water areas have changed very much during the last three decades. However, natural freshwater aquatic resources have rapidly depleted due to different reasons. Of which, the most important ones may be the construction of dense irrigation systems, property rights, policy and regulations, as well as livelihoods and perception of the local community. Major related issues are discussed in order to find out alternative solutions for a better use and management of aquatic resources in the freshwater areas of the Delta. Better management of fishing activities is suggested while aquaculture is considered as a major solution to compensate the fish losses as well as the most important solution in the restructure process of agricultural economy in the study area. In addition, an improvement of the linkage among different types of stakeholders is also required. Title: Fish and Community in Flood-prone Areas of the Mekong River Delta, Vietnam Author: Sinh, Le Xuan The Mekong River Delta plays an essential role to Vietnam’s economy in terms of both rice and fish production. Annual flooding water and a rich level of aquatic resources strongly affect about 10 million local people, as well as extend beyond the boundaries of wetland itself. Flooding water and wild fish in it are considered common properties while physical and socio-economics conditions in the flooding water areas have changed very much during the last three decades. However, natural freshwater aquatic resources have rapidly depleted due to different reasons. Of which, the most important ones may be the construction of dense irrigation systems, property rights, policy and regulations, as well as livelihoods and perception of the local community. Major related issues are discussed in order to find out alternative solutions for a better use and management of aquatic resources in the freshwater areas of the Delta. Better management of fishing activities is suggested while aquaculture is considered as a major solution to compensate the fish losses as well as the most important solution in the restructure process of agricultural economy in the study area. In addition, an improvement of the linkage among different types of stakeholders is also required. Close

• 8. [Article] Oregon agriculture and the economy

  Published May 2008. Reviewed July 2013. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Oregon agriculture and the economy Author: Sorte, Bruce, Weber, Bruce A., Oregon State University. Extension Service Published May 2008. Reviewed July 2013. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog Title: Oregon agriculture and the economy Author: Sorte, Bruce, Weber, Bruce A., Oregon State University. Extension Service Published May 2008. Reviewed July 2013. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog Close

• 9. [Article] Agriculture & the Oregon economy

  Published March 2000. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Agriculture & the Oregon economy Author: Cornelius, James C. (James Conley), Oregon State University. Extension Service Published March 2000. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog Title: Agriculture & the Oregon economy Author: Cornelius, James C. (James Conley), Oregon State University. Extension Service Published March 2000. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog Close

• 10. [Article] Agriculture and Oregon's economy

  Published January 1982. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catal...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Agriculture and Oregon's economy Author: Oregon State University. Extension Service, Obermiller, Frederick W. Published January 1982. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog Title: Agriculture and Oregon's economy Author: Oregon State University. Extension Service, Obermiller, Frederick W. Published January 1982. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog Close

• 11. [Article] Trade Policy Reform, Productivity Growth and Welfare in South Korean Agriculture

  This is the author's peer-reviewed final manuscript, as accepted by the publisher. The article is published by Oxford University Press, on behalf of Agricultural and Applied Economics Association. The ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Trade Policy Reform, Productivity Growth and Welfare in South Korean Agriculture Author: Yoo, Chun Kwon, Gopinath, Munisamy, Kim, Hanho This is the author's peer-reviewed final manuscript, as accepted by the publisher. The article is published by Oxford University Press, on behalf of Agricultural and Applied Economics Association. The published article can be found at: http://aepp.oxfordjournals.org/. Title: Trade Policy Reform, Productivity Growth and Welfare in South Korean Agriculture Author: Yoo, Chun Kwon, Gopinath, Munisamy, Kim, Hanho This is the author's peer-reviewed final manuscript, as accepted by the publisher. The article is published by Oxford University Press, on behalf of Agricultural and Applied Economics Association. The published article can be found at: http://aepp.oxfordjournals.org/. Close

• 12. [Article] How agriculture contributes to Oregon's economy

  Published February 1983. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/cata...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: How agriculture contributes to Oregon's economy Author: Nelson, A. Gene, Oregon State University. Extension Service, Obermiller, Frederick W. Published February 1983. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog Title: How agriculture contributes to Oregon's economy Author: Nelson, A. Gene, Oregon State University. Extension Service, Obermiller, Frederick W. Published February 1983. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog Close

• 13. [Article] The role of employment in dualistic economic development models

  Traditionally employment and output have been the major two criteria for evaluating aggregate performance in a dual economic model for less developed countries. This has been mainly discussed by transferring ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The role of employment in dualistic economic development models Author: Shadman-Valavi, Mohammad Traditionally employment and output have been the major two criteria for evaluating aggregate performance in a dual economic model for less developed countries. This has been mainly discussed by transferring labor from the agricultural sector to non-agricultural use. Most models are specified in such a manner that the migrated agricultural workers will be absorbed in non-agricultural jobs. In reality though, the transformation of labor to the non-agricultural sector (i. e., industrial or urban) has created an unemployment problem in that sector. The purposes of this paper are (1) to study some of the relevant common characteristics of less developed countries, (2) to review the literature related to labor employment, and (3) to demonstrate the importance of the efficiency of employment and output in dualistic development models. This paper has reviewed three classes of models. First, this study has considered the Fei-Ranis model of economic development which has drawn heavily from W. A. Lewis’s model of economic development with unlimited supplies of labor (Fei-Ranis is primarily a classical model). Second, the Jorgenson’s model of development of a dual economy has been presented. This model is based on Harrod-Domar's concept of steady growth, Third, this study looks at a more recent model, the Todaro model, which considered the practical problem of urban (industrial) unemployment. The problem of urban-unemployment is not considered by the first two models. Todaro's approach to the development of a dual economy may be the beginning of a new trend in the literature. On the basis of findings of this work it was concluded that: (1) The transformation of an agricultural surplus labor economy to an industrial surplus labor economy, can only be justified by a careful consideration of the production possibilities of each case, and the demand for the products of each sector. (2) The rate of growth of each sector will be dictated by the optimum growth path. This is the locus of optimum combination of output and employment of resources in each sector in the given time period. Because production possibilities and demand considerations operate to determine the optimum growth path, this path will rarely if ever coincide with the straight-line balanced growth path prominent in the Fei-Ranis model. Title: The role of employment in dualistic economic development models Author: Shadman-Valavi, Mohammad Traditionally employment and output have been the major two criteria for evaluating aggregate performance in a dual economic model for less developed countries. This has been mainly discussed by transferring labor from the agricultural sector to non-agricultural use. Most models are specified in such a manner that the migrated agricultural workers will be absorbed in non-agricultural jobs. In reality though, the transformation of labor to the non-agricultural sector (i. e., industrial or urban) has created an unemployment problem in that sector. The purposes of this paper are (1) to study some of the relevant common characteristics of less developed countries, (2) to review the literature related to labor employment, and (3) to demonstrate the importance of the efficiency of employment and output in dualistic development models. This paper has reviewed three classes of models. First, this study has considered the Fei-Ranis model of economic development which has drawn heavily from W. A. Lewis’s model of economic development with unlimited supplies of labor (Fei-Ranis is primarily a classical model). Second, the Jorgenson’s model of development of a dual economy has been presented. This model is based on Harrod-Domar's concept of steady growth, Third, this study looks at a more recent model, the Todaro model, which considered the practical problem of urban (industrial) unemployment. The problem of urban-unemployment is not considered by the first two models. Todaro's approach to the development of a dual economy may be the beginning of a new trend in the literature. On the basis of findings of this work it was concluded that: (1) The transformation of an agricultural surplus labor economy to an industrial surplus labor economy, can only be justified by a careful consideration of the production possibilities of each case, and the demand for the products of each sector. (2) The rate of growth of each sector will be dictated by the optimum growth path. This is the locus of optimum combination of output and employment of resources in each sector in the given time period. Because production possibilities and demand considerations operate to determine the optimum growth path, this path will rarely if ever coincide with the straight-line balanced growth path prominent in the Fei-Ranis model. Close

• 14. [Article] Agricultural development and urban unemployment : a simulation analysis of the Nigerian economy

  The study critically analyzes the implication of various agricultural development policies on urban unemployment and income distribution. More specifically it focuses on the evaluation of agricultural policies ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Agricultural development and urban unemployment : a simulation analysis of the Nigerian economy Author: Byerlee, Derek Ronald The study critically analyzes the implication of various agricultural development policies on urban unemployment and income distribution. More specifically it focuses on the evaluation of agricultural policies at the macro-economic Level in the Nigerian economy. A system science and simulation approach is used to build and test a ten sector macro-economic model of the Nigerian economy to investigate the problem. The model simulates consumption, investment, employment and production endogenously. Validation of the model shows that it is capable of describing the major trends in the Nigerian economy for recent history. By interacting with a detailed agricultural sector model, the macro-model enables evaluation of agricultural policies in the context of the total economy after taking account of the important interactions between the agricultural and nonagricultural economies. In particular the model enables some measures of income distribution and employment to be included as targets of economic development planning together with the conventional target of growth. The model predicts that if current agricultural policies are continued, urban unemployment and income disparities will become increasingly more serious in Nigeria. Furthermore, the income differential between agriculture and nonagriculture is predicted to widen leading to a continuing increase in the rate of labor migration out of agriculture. The evaluation of two sets of agricultural policies, export crop modernization and food crop modernization, leads to a serious questioning of the present emphasis among development economists on agricultural development as a means of steadying the flow of rural-urban migration and reducing urban unemployment and rural-urban income inequities. Because of the considerable multiplier effects of increased agricultural incomes on nonagricultural incomes, both agricultural policies produced a wider differential between agricultural and nonagricultural incomes stimulating further labor migration out of agriculture. This effect was particularly acute in the case of the food modernization policy where the terms of trade turned against agriculture. Nevertheless both sets of policies and particularly the export modernization policy improved the disparity in self-employed earnings and wage earnings and produced a steady rise in nonagricultural self-employed earnings which, under current policies, were predicted to stagnate because of rising urban unemployment. Other policies to restrain wages and increase government employment demonstrated the considerable trade-off between various groups of the population arising out of the complexity of interactions between the agricultural and nonagricultural sectors. The macroeconomic simulation model is suggested as a useful approach to development planning where there is need to consider interactions between sectors and trade-offs between targets of development. Title: Agricultural development and urban unemployment : a simulation analysis of the Nigerian economy Author: Byerlee, Derek Ronald The study critically analyzes the implication of various agricultural development policies on urban unemployment and income distribution. More specifically it focuses on the evaluation of agricultural policies at the macro-economic Level in the Nigerian economy. A system science and simulation approach is used to build and test a ten sector macro-economic model of the Nigerian economy to investigate the problem. The model simulates consumption, investment, employment and production endogenously. Validation of the model shows that it is capable of describing the major trends in the Nigerian economy for recent history. By interacting with a detailed agricultural sector model, the macro-model enables evaluation of agricultural policies in the context of the total economy after taking account of the important interactions between the agricultural and nonagricultural economies. In particular the model enables some measures of income distribution and employment to be included as targets of economic development planning together with the conventional target of growth. The model predicts that if current agricultural policies are continued, urban unemployment and income disparities will become increasingly more serious in Nigeria. Furthermore, the income differential between agriculture and nonagriculture is predicted to widen leading to a continuing increase in the rate of labor migration out of agriculture. The evaluation of two sets of agricultural policies, export crop modernization and food crop modernization, leads to a serious questioning of the present emphasis among development economists on agricultural development as a means of steadying the flow of rural-urban migration and reducing urban unemployment and rural-urban income inequities. Because of the considerable multiplier effects of increased agricultural incomes on nonagricultural incomes, both agricultural policies produced a wider differential between agricultural and nonagricultural incomes stimulating further labor migration out of agriculture. This effect was particularly acute in the case of the food modernization policy where the terms of trade turned against agriculture. Nevertheless both sets of policies and particularly the export modernization policy improved the disparity in self-employed earnings and wage earnings and produced a steady rise in nonagricultural self-employed earnings which, under current policies, were predicted to stagnate because of rising urban unemployment. Other policies to restrain wages and increase government employment demonstrated the considerable trade-off between various groups of the population arising out of the complexity of interactions between the agricultural and nonagricultural sectors. The macroeconomic simulation model is suggested as a useful approach to development planning where there is need to consider interactions between sectors and trade-offs between targets of development. Close

• 15. [Article] Energy use coefficients for irrigation system materials

  Finite, uncertain, and increasingly expensive energy resources require a better understanding of energy utilization in all sectors of the national economy including agriculture. A significant portion of ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Energy use coefficients for irrigation system materials Author: Daskalakis, George H. Finite, uncertain, and increasingly expensive energy resources require a better understanding of energy utilization in all sectors of the national economy including agriculture. A significant portion of energy used in agriculture is required for the manufacturing, installation, transporting, and operation of irrigation systems. Quantification of the amounts of energy used in these operations for various types of irrigation systems is necessary for planners in agricultural production, water resources, and energy conservation fields to determine the optimum system under varying regional resource constraints. Systems which were built in the former days of abundant and relatively inexpensive electrical energy may not be very efficient by today's standards. Decisions to expand or update these systems or to develop entirely new systems require energy utilization information as a basis. The objective of this work was to evaluate the manufacturing energy required for the following material groups used in irrigation systems: 1. Aluminum 2. Steel 3. Cooper, zinc, and brass 4. Low- and high-density polyethylene and polyvinyl chloride 5. Portland cement, asbestos-cement, and concrete There are primarily two methods of computing energy use coefficients: (1) the process analysis approach and (2) the input-output method. In the process analysis approach, delineation of each material production stage, beginning with natural resource extraction through final fabrication, is required. Analysis using the input-output method is based on energy flows corresponding to dollar flows between various sectors of the national economy. The energy consumption for a specific process can be calculated by know ing or estimating its cost and the breakdown of that cost into associated economic sectors. It was decided that the process analysis approach would be used. This method appeared to be more straightforward since each process step and its energy use associated with it must be specified. Title: Energy use coefficients for irrigation system materials Author: Daskalakis, George H. Finite, uncertain, and increasingly expensive energy resources require a better understanding of energy utilization in all sectors of the national economy including agriculture. A significant portion of energy used in agriculture is required for the manufacturing, installation, transporting, and operation of irrigation systems. Quantification of the amounts of energy used in these operations for various types of irrigation systems is necessary for planners in agricultural production, water resources, and energy conservation fields to determine the optimum system under varying regional resource constraints. Systems which were built in the former days of abundant and relatively inexpensive electrical energy may not be very efficient by today's standards. Decisions to expand or update these systems or to develop entirely new systems require energy utilization information as a basis. The objective of this work was to evaluate the manufacturing energy required for the following material groups used in irrigation systems: 1. Aluminum 2. Steel 3. Cooper, zinc, and brass 4. Low- and high-density polyethylene and polyvinyl chloride 5. Portland cement, asbestos-cement, and concrete There are primarily two methods of computing energy use coefficients: (1) the process analysis approach and (2) the input-output method. In the process analysis approach, delineation of each material production stage, beginning with natural resource extraction through final fabrication, is required. Analysis using the input-output method is based on energy flows corresponding to dollar flows between various sectors of the national economy. The energy consumption for a specific process can be calculated by know ing or estimating its cost and the breakdown of that cost into associated economic sectors. It was decided that the process analysis approach would be used. This method appeared to be more straightforward since each process step and its energy use associated with it must be specified. Close

• 16. [Article] Influence of Agricultural Credit Guarantee Scheme Fund (ACGSF) on Fishery Development in Nigeria

  Suggested Bibliographic Reference: Challenging New Frontiers in the Global Seafood Sector: Proceedings of the Eighteenth Biennial Conference of the International Institute of Fisheries Economics and Trade, ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Influence of Agricultural Credit Guarantee Scheme Fund (ACGSF) on Fishery Development in Nigeria Author: Adeseluka, Michael, Oparinde, Lawrence Olusola, Amos, Taiwo Timothy Year: 2016 Suggested Bibliographic Reference: Challenging New Frontiers in the Global Seafood Sector: Proceedings of the Eighteenth Biennial Conference of the International Institute of Fisheries Economics and Trade, July 11-15, 2016. Compiled by Ann L. Shriver and Stefani J. Evers. International Institute of Fisheries Economics and Trade (IIFET), Corvallis, 2016. Title: Influence of Agricultural Credit Guarantee Scheme Fund (ACGSF) on Fishery Development in Nigeria Author: Adeseluka, Michael, Oparinde, Lawrence Olusola, Amos, Taiwo Timothy Year: 2016 Suggested Bibliographic Reference: Challenging New Frontiers in the Global Seafood Sector: Proceedings of the Eighteenth Biennial Conference of the International Institute of Fisheries Economics and Trade, July 11-15, 2016. Compiled by Ann L. Shriver and Stefani J. Evers. International Institute of Fisheries Economics and Trade (IIFET), Corvallis, 2016. Close

• 17. [Article] Measure 20: the impact of a 2 percent equal tax on the Oregon economy

  Published October 1994. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catal...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Measure 20: the impact of a 2 percent equal tax on the Oregon economy Author: Weber, Bruce, Oregon State University. Extension Service, Waters, Edward Published October 1994. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog Title: Measure 20: the impact of a 2 percent equal tax on the Oregon economy Author: Weber, Bruce, Oregon State University. Extension Service, Waters, Edward Published October 1994. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog Close

• 18. [Article] Your port and the local economy

  Reprinted July 1993. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Your port and the local economy Author: Oregon State University. Extension Service, Smith, Frederick J. Reprinted July 1993. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog Title: Your port and the local economy Author: Oregon State University. Extension Service, Smith, Frederick J. Reprinted July 1993. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog Close

• 19. [Article] The estimation of regional secondary benefits resulting from an improvement in water quality of upper Klamath Lake, Oregon: an interindustry approach

  The primary objective of this study was to estimate the impact that an increase in recreational expenditures, resulting from water quality improvements of Klamath Lake, would have upon the Klamath County ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The estimation of regional secondary benefits resulting from an improvement in water quality of upper Klamath Lake, Oregon: an interindustry approach Author: Reiling, Stephen D. The primary objective of this study was to estimate the impact that an increase in recreational expenditures, resulting from water quality improvements of Klamath Lake, would have upon the Klamath County economy. As the sales of the economy expand to serve the needs of the recreationists, real benefits will be forthcoming to the businesses and households of the county in the forms of more business and higher incomes. To estimate the total impact of the increased volume of recreational expenditures that may be made in the economy, the economic relationships of the local economy had to be determined. Primary data were collected from business firms in the county to construct an input-output model of the county's economy. The level of recreational expenditures that would be made in the county as the water quality of the lake improved were estimated. This was done for two different stages of water quality improvement. The estimated levels of recreational expenditures were then analyzed within the input-output framework to estimate the total increase in the sales of the economy and to estimate the increase in income of households in the county. Title: The estimation of regional secondary benefits resulting from an improvement in water quality of upper Klamath Lake, Oregon: an interindustry approach Author: Reiling, Stephen D. The primary objective of this study was to estimate the impact that an increase in recreational expenditures, resulting from water quality improvements of Klamath Lake, would have upon the Klamath County economy. As the sales of the economy expand to serve the needs of the recreationists, real benefits will be forthcoming to the businesses and households of the county in the forms of more business and higher incomes. To estimate the total impact of the increased volume of recreational expenditures that may be made in the economy, the economic relationships of the local economy had to be determined. Primary data were collected from business firms in the county to construct an input-output model of the county's economy. The level of recreational expenditures that would be made in the county as the water quality of the lake improved were estimated. This was done for two different stages of water quality improvement. The estimated levels of recreational expenditures were then analyzed within the input-output framework to estimate the total increase in the sales of the economy and to estimate the increase in income of households in the county. Close

• 20. [Article] Agriculture: its importance to Oregon's economy

  Published March 1975. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Agriculture: its importance to Oregon's economy Author: Miles, Stanley, Oregon State University. Agricultural Experiment Station Published March 1975. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog Title: Agriculture: its importance to Oregon's economy Author: Miles, Stanley, Oregon State University. Agricultural Experiment Station Published March 1975. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog Close