Search

Search Results

• 1. [Article] A Regional Biodiversity Monitoring Framework

  A draft monitoring framework that identifies the pieces of a technical plan for biodiversity monitoring, collaboration, and information sharing. The draft sets out to define some general parameters that ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: A Regional Biodiversity Monitoring Framework Author: Molina, Randy, Pacific Northwest Research Station, United States. Forest Service A draft monitoring framework that identifies the pieces of a technical plan for biodiversity monitoring, collaboration, and information sharing. The draft sets out to define some general parameters that will answer these questions: How do we create partnerships?, What should we measure?, and How do we manage information? Title: A Regional Biodiversity Monitoring Framework Author: Molina, Randy, Pacific Northwest Research Station, United States. Forest Service A draft monitoring framework that identifies the pieces of a technical plan for biodiversity monitoring, collaboration, and information sharing. The draft sets out to define some general parameters that will answer these questions: How do we create partnerships?, What should we measure?, and How do we manage information? Close

• 2. [Article] Wolf Creek Monitoring

  Presented at The Oregon Water Conference, May 24-25, 2011, Corvallis, OR.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Wolf Creek Monitoring Author: Dammann, Daniel Presented at The Oregon Water Conference, May 24-25, 2011, Corvallis, OR. Title: Wolf Creek Monitoring Author: Dammann, Daniel Presented at The Oregon Water Conference, May 24-25, 2011, Corvallis, OR. Close

• 3. [Article] Habitat monitoring : an approach for reporting status and trends for state comprehensive wildlife conservation strategies

  This paper provides some background information on coarse to medium scale habitat monitoring techniques and proposes a framework for a statewide system. It is designed for state fish and wildlife agencies ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Habitat monitoring : an approach for reporting status and trends for state comprehensive wildlife conservation strategies Author: Luscombe, Wayne, Schoonmaker, Peter This paper provides some background information on coarse to medium scale habitat monitoring techniques and proposes a framework for a statewide system. It is designed for state fish and wildlife agencies and their partners to help them meet the monitoring requirement in the development of wildlife strategies. Title: Habitat monitoring : an approach for reporting status and trends for state comprehensive wildlife conservation strategies Author: Luscombe, Wayne, Schoonmaker, Peter This paper provides some background information on coarse to medium scale habitat monitoring techniques and proposes a framework for a statewide system. It is designed for state fish and wildlife agencies and their partners to help them meet the monitoring requirement in the development of wildlife strategies. Close

• 4. [Article] Watershed and Aquatic Habitat Effectiveness Monitoring: A Synthesis of a Technical Workshop

  This is a synthesis of workshop notes to reflect the collection of ideas and concepts discussed on the days of the workshop. It does not necessarily reflect the opinions of the IMST, OWEB or any individual ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Watershed and Aquatic Habitat Effectiveness Monitoring: A Synthesis of a Technical Workshop Author: Independent Multidisciplinary Science Team (Or.) This is a synthesis of workshop notes to reflect the collection of ideas and concepts discussed on the days of the workshop. It does not necessarily reflect the opinions of the IMST, OWEB or any individual workshop participant. Information on report preparation is included in the report. Title: Watershed and Aquatic Habitat Effectiveness Monitoring: A Synthesis of a Technical Workshop Author: Independent Multidisciplinary Science Team (Or.) This is a synthesis of workshop notes to reflect the collection of ideas and concepts discussed on the days of the workshop. It does not necessarily reflect the opinions of the IMST, OWEB or any individual workshop participant. Information on report preparation is included in the report. Close

• 5. [Article] Communication systems for water-quality data aquisition

  A survey of federal and state agencies was conducted to determine the future need for water-quality data. This survey was used as the basis for constructing a water-quality data aquisition system applicable ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Communication systems for water-quality data aquisition Author: Newbern, David Wendel A survey of federal and state agencies was conducted to determine the future need for water-quality data. This survey was used as the basis for constructing a water-quality data aquisition system applicable to any river basin. This study outlines the major components of an automatic water-quality monitoring system. Seventy-one sites in the Willamette River basin of Oregon were selected as monitoring sites for a model monitoring system. VHF radio and telephone telemetry systems were designed to service the model monitoring system. Economic models of the telemetry systems were constructed and compared. The results of this study show that: 1. Enough interest in water-quality monitoring exists to justify the construction of an automated monitoring system. 2. The model monitoring system developed in this study may be adapted to any river basin. 3. A combination of VHF radio and telephone will require the lowest operating cost per year. Title: Communication systems for water-quality data aquisition Author: Newbern, David Wendel A survey of federal and state agencies was conducted to determine the future need for water-quality data. This survey was used as the basis for constructing a water-quality data aquisition system applicable to any river basin. This study outlines the major components of an automatic water-quality monitoring system. Seventy-one sites in the Willamette River basin of Oregon were selected as monitoring sites for a model monitoring system. VHF radio and telephone telemetry systems were designed to service the model monitoring system. Economic models of the telemetry systems were constructed and compared. The results of this study show that: 1. Enough interest in water-quality monitoring exists to justify the construction of an automated monitoring system. 2. The model monitoring system developed in this study may be adapted to any river basin. 3. A combination of VHF radio and telephone will require the lowest operating cost per year. Close

• 6. [Article] Development and implementation of a fish monitoring program for the Port Honduras Marine Reserve, Punta Gorda, Toledo District, Belize

  Marine protected areas are increasingly popular tools for fisheries conservation and enhancement worldwide. Monitoring programs that enable managers to track changes in fish stock abundance, size-frequency ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Development and implementation of a fish monitoring program for the Port Honduras Marine Reserve, Punta Gorda, Toledo District, Belize Author: Sommer, Maggie Marine protected areas are increasingly popular tools for fisheries conservation and enhancement worldwide. Monitoring programs that enable managers to track changes in fish stock abundance, size-frequency of target species, and species diversity are critical to evaluating the success of MPA's. The Port Honduras Marine Reserve (PHMR) in southern Belize encompasses approximately 415 square kilometers of shallow, coastal waters with significant mangrove and estuarine habitat. The PHMR is intended to protect and enhance nearby reef fisheries. The management entity, the Toledo Institute for Development and the Environment (TIDE), requested assistance in developing a longterm fish monitoring program to assess the effectiveness of the reserve and guide future regulatory decisions. The Nature Conservancy provided funding for a three month internship with TIDE for this purpose. I worked onsite in Punta Gorda, Belize, to develop a low-cost methodology capable of generating sufficiently thorough and accurate results. I trained TIDE staff and volunteers in the monitoring protocol and in basic analysis and presentation of the results, and made recommendations for long-term implementation of the program. This report examines the PHMR management framework, the monitoring techniques used, and the training programs developed and provided to TIDE staff. Recommendations for the improvement and sustainability of the monitoring program are made. Title: Development and implementation of a fish monitoring program for the Port Honduras Marine Reserve, Punta Gorda, Toledo District, Belize Author: Sommer, Maggie Marine protected areas are increasingly popular tools for fisheries conservation and enhancement worldwide. Monitoring programs that enable managers to track changes in fish stock abundance, size-frequency of target species, and species diversity are critical to evaluating the success of MPA's. The Port Honduras Marine Reserve (PHMR) in southern Belize encompasses approximately 415 square kilometers of shallow, coastal waters with significant mangrove and estuarine habitat. The PHMR is intended to protect and enhance nearby reef fisheries. The management entity, the Toledo Institute for Development and the Environment (TIDE), requested assistance in developing a longterm fish monitoring program to assess the effectiveness of the reserve and guide future regulatory decisions. The Nature Conservancy provided funding for a three month internship with TIDE for this purpose. I worked onsite in Punta Gorda, Belize, to develop a low-cost methodology capable of generating sufficiently thorough and accurate results. I trained TIDE staff and volunteers in the monitoring protocol and in basic analysis and presentation of the results, and made recommendations for long-term implementation of the program. This report examines the PHMR management framework, the monitoring techniques used, and the training programs developed and provided to TIDE staff. Recommendations for the improvement and sustainability of the monitoring program are made. Close

• 7. [Article] Assessment of Water Quality Monitoring in Oregon’s Estuaries: Case Study of a Watershed Council Volunteer Monitoring Program

  This project examined a watershed council sponsored volunteer estuary water quality monitoring program, from initial implementation to program status five years later. In addition, literature research ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Assessment of Water Quality Monitoring in Oregon’s Estuaries: Case Study of a Watershed Council Volunteer Monitoring Program Author: Kolkemo, Emily This project examined a watershed council sponsored volunteer estuary water quality monitoring program, from initial implementation to program status five years later. In addition, literature research and interviews with estuarine experts were conducted in an attempt to devise strategies to strengthen estuary water quality monitoring programs within the state of Oregon. I assisted in the implementation of the volunteer water quality monitoring program for a watershed council, then reviewed the current status of the program five years later. Based upon this assessment, I found that the initial goals of the program had been met, but I also found that the program had been altered. While the goals of the program have stayed relatively the same, the way in which they are met has been changed to meet new objectives. This adaptive management approach has allowed integration of the program within many watershed council activities, from educational endeavors to expanded monitoring within the upper watershed. Volunteers, from schoolchildren to adults, have been instrumental in collecting scientifically credible data, and the program has been an effective tool to educate people of all ages about estuarine and water quality issues. While this particular program has been successful over the long term, the estuarine component of the program has been de-emphasized. The reduced emphasis on the estuary may be due in part on limited funding for monitoring, and the difficulty associated with assessing restoration needs (a major activity of watershed councils) based on estuarine water quality. Overall, a more coordinated approach needs to be taken with estuary water quality monitoring in Oregon. While many different groups, such as watershed councils, should and can conduct actual field monitoring activities, implementation and oversight should be coordinated through state, federal, tribal, private, and nonprofit entities that have an interest and role in Oregon’s estuaries. Title: Assessment of Water Quality Monitoring in Oregon’s Estuaries: Case Study of a Watershed Council Volunteer Monitoring Program Author: Kolkemo, Emily This project examined a watershed council sponsored volunteer estuary water quality monitoring program, from initial implementation to program status five years later. In addition, literature research and interviews with estuarine experts were conducted in an attempt to devise strategies to strengthen estuary water quality monitoring programs within the state of Oregon. I assisted in the implementation of the volunteer water quality monitoring program for a watershed council, then reviewed the current status of the program five years later. Based upon this assessment, I found that the initial goals of the program had been met, but I also found that the program had been altered. While the goals of the program have stayed relatively the same, the way in which they are met has been changed to meet new objectives. This adaptive management approach has allowed integration of the program within many watershed council activities, from educational endeavors to expanded monitoring within the upper watershed. Volunteers, from schoolchildren to adults, have been instrumental in collecting scientifically credible data, and the program has been an effective tool to educate people of all ages about estuarine and water quality issues. While this particular program has been successful over the long term, the estuarine component of the program has been de-emphasized. The reduced emphasis on the estuary may be due in part on limited funding for monitoring, and the difficulty associated with assessing restoration needs (a major activity of watershed councils) based on estuarine water quality. Overall, a more coordinated approach needs to be taken with estuary water quality monitoring in Oregon. While many different groups, such as watershed councils, should and can conduct actual field monitoring activities, implementation and oversight should be coordinated through state, federal, tribal, private, and nonprofit entities that have an interest and role in Oregon’s estuaries. Close

• 8. [Article] The Case for Remote Monitoring: Evidence from Kenya

  International development projects aimed at alleviating poverty often fall short when it comes to capacity for operation and maintenance. As a case in point, today it is estimated one-third of all African ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The Case for Remote Monitoring: Evidence from Kenya Author: Dunn, Zachary A. International development projects aimed at alleviating poverty often fall short when it comes to capacity for operation and maintenance. As a case in point, today it is estimated one-third of all African wells have fallen into disrepair due to lack of effective management, corresponding to as many as 250,000 broken wells and a failed investment of 1.5 billion dollars. Remote monitoring, defined here as the use of internet-enabled sensors that report data in near real-time, has the potential to provide critical data to facilitate effective long-term management of wells and other infrastructure. This essay seeks to answer the question of how remote monitoring can be used to ensure the sustainability of international development projects. Using the case study of a rainwater catchment system implemented in Lela, Kenya in 2012 by a student chapter of Engineers Without Borders USA, this essay demonstrates how solar-powered, GSM-enabled sensors allowed the chapter to monitor the usage and capture rate of the system remotely post-implementation, creating the opportunity for intervention when the system partially failed. The essay concludes with a discussion of the potential for adoption of remote monitoring within the field of international development. Title: The Case for Remote Monitoring: Evidence from Kenya Author: Dunn, Zachary A. International development projects aimed at alleviating poverty often fall short when it comes to capacity for operation and maintenance. As a case in point, today it is estimated one-third of all African wells have fallen into disrepair due to lack of effective management, corresponding to as many as 250,000 broken wells and a failed investment of 1.5 billion dollars. Remote monitoring, defined here as the use of internet-enabled sensors that report data in near real-time, has the potential to provide critical data to facilitate effective long-term management of wells and other infrastructure. This essay seeks to answer the question of how remote monitoring can be used to ensure the sustainability of international development projects. Using the case study of a rainwater catchment system implemented in Lela, Kenya in 2012 by a student chapter of Engineers Without Borders USA, this essay demonstrates how solar-powered, GSM-enabled sensors allowed the chapter to monitor the usage and capture rate of the system remotely post-implementation, creating the opportunity for intervention when the system partially failed. The essay concludes with a discussion of the potential for adoption of remote monitoring within the field of international development. Close

• 9. [Article] Regional biodiversity monitoring partnership workshop : final report

  The Biodiversity Monitoring Workgroup (Appendix 1)—which consists of federal, state, university, NGO’s, and private landowner stakeholders who are involved in aspects of monitoring biodiversity in the ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Regional biodiversity monitoring partnership workshop : final report Author: Institute for Natural Resources The Biodiversity Monitoring Workgroup (Appendix 1)—which consists of federal, state, university, NGO’s, and private landowner stakeholders who are involved in aspects of monitoring biodiversity in the states of Oregon and Washington—conceived of the idea of exploring the possibilities of creating a Regional Biodiversity Monitoring Partnership. The Workgroup’s idea of hosting a workshop to explore such possibilities is grounded in a shared vision that recognizes the underlying value of biodiversity and relies on the compiling, managing, and sharing of biodiversity information in the region that will ultimately inform management and conservation efforts and decisions, and identify gaps where new efforts might be needed. The overall effort is sponsored by the U.S. Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station as part of the Focused Sciences Delivery Program’s Biodiversity Initiative and facilitated by the Institute for Natural Resources at OSU. Workshop participants greeted the idea and need of having a partnership with warm regard. Many regarded it as an essential component to extending and elevating the presence of monitoring regional biodiversity efforts. While participants spoke well on behalf of a partnership, this document focuses on the issues that individual participants and break-out groups thought needed to be addressed to create a viable, accessible, and sustainable regional biodiversity monitoring partnership. The issues and recommendations listed throughout the document reflect the range of views of individuals and break-out groups and do not reflect a consensus by all participants. Title: Regional biodiversity monitoring partnership workshop : final report Author: Institute for Natural Resources The Biodiversity Monitoring Workgroup (Appendix 1)—which consists of federal, state, university, NGO’s, and private landowner stakeholders who are involved in aspects of monitoring biodiversity in the states of Oregon and Washington—conceived of the idea of exploring the possibilities of creating a Regional Biodiversity Monitoring Partnership. The Workgroup’s idea of hosting a workshop to explore such possibilities is grounded in a shared vision that recognizes the underlying value of biodiversity and relies on the compiling, managing, and sharing of biodiversity information in the region that will ultimately inform management and conservation efforts and decisions, and identify gaps where new efforts might be needed. The overall effort is sponsored by the U.S. Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station as part of the Focused Sciences Delivery Program’s Biodiversity Initiative and facilitated by the Institute for Natural Resources at OSU. Workshop participants greeted the idea and need of having a partnership with warm regard. Many regarded it as an essential component to extending and elevating the presence of monitoring regional biodiversity efforts. While participants spoke well on behalf of a partnership, this document focuses on the issues that individual participants and break-out groups thought needed to be addressed to create a viable, accessible, and sustainable regional biodiversity monitoring partnership. The issues and recommendations listed throughout the document reflect the range of views of individuals and break-out groups and do not reflect a consensus by all participants. Close

• 10. [Article] Ni-les’tun tidal wetland restoration effectiveness monitoring: Baseline: 2010-2011.

  This report describes results of baseline monitoring at the Ni-les’tun tidal wetland restoration site, Bandon National Wildlife Refuge, Coquille River estuary of Oregon. Baseline monitoring provides a ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Ni-les’tun tidal wetland restoration effectiveness monitoring: Baseline: 2010-2011. Author: Brophy, Laura S., van de Wetering, Stan This report describes results of baseline monitoring at the Ni-les’tun tidal wetland restoration site, Bandon National Wildlife Refuge, Coquille River estuary of Oregon. Baseline monitoring provides a basis for comparison to post-restoration conditions, allowing future determination of project effectiveness. The report focuses on 2010-2011 baseline data, but it also includes information from our team’s earlier monitoring efforts during 2003-2005. These earlier monitoring data leverage the 2010-2011 effort, providing a longer-term perspective and better understanding of site dynamics. We also provide some early glimpses of likely post-restoration conditions, based on data from the reference site and some preliminary post-restoration monitoring in fall 2011. Title: Ni-les’tun tidal wetland restoration effectiveness monitoring: Baseline: 2010-2011. Author: Brophy, Laura S., van de Wetering, Stan This report describes results of baseline monitoring at the Ni-les’tun tidal wetland restoration site, Bandon National Wildlife Refuge, Coquille River estuary of Oregon. Baseline monitoring provides a basis for comparison to post-restoration conditions, allowing future determination of project effectiveness. The report focuses on 2010-2011 baseline data, but it also includes information from our team’s earlier monitoring efforts during 2003-2005. These earlier monitoring data leverage the 2010-2011 effort, providing a longer-term perspective and better understanding of site dynamics. We also provide some early glimpses of likely post-restoration conditions, based on data from the reference site and some preliminary post-restoration monitoring in fall 2011. Close

• 11. [Article] Ordovician to Silurian stratigraphy of part of the north-central Monitor Range, Nye County, Nevada

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Ordovician to Silurian stratigraphy of part of the north-central Monitor Range, Nye County, Nevada Author: Peargin, Thomas Reece Title: Ordovician to Silurian stratigraphy of part of the north-central Monitor Range, Nye County, Nevada Author: Peargin, Thomas Reece Close

• 12. [Article] The Community Well Water Testing Program: Volunteer Groundwater Nitrate Monitoring in the Southern Willamette Valley of Oregon

  In October 2006, the Oregon State University Extension Service Well Water Program began a groundwater monitoring project to learn more about well water nitrate levels in the Southern Willamette Valley ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The Community Well Water Testing Program: Volunteer Groundwater Nitrate Monitoring in the Southern Willamette Valley of Oregon Author: Moscowitz, Laura In October 2006, the Oregon State University Extension Service Well Water Program began a groundwater monitoring project to learn more about well water nitrate levels in the Southern Willamette Valley and increase community involvement in groundwater management activities. The primary objectives of the program were to elucidate trends in spatial and temporal variability of nitrate in well derived drinking water, facilitate understanding of regional groundwater issues through neighbor-to-neighbor outreach, and assist rural residents in protecting their drinking water supply. The Community Well Water Testing Program established neighborhood networks in which volunteer monitors tested their own well and their neighbors’ wells for nitrate on a monthly basis. Each volunteer monitor was responsible for collecting water samples from 3-9 neighborhood wells, analyzing the samples using a LaMotte nitrate-nitrogen test kit, and reporting results to both the well owner and program managers. During the 2006-2007 sampling year, 20 volunteer monitors tested 1,209 well water samples for nitrate. The mean nitrate concentration for all tested wells over this period was 3.0 mg/L. Annual mean nitrate values ranged from 0 to 14.1 mg/L with a median of 1.9 mg/L. Eleven wells had an annual mean nitrate value over 7 mg/L, the Oregon groundwater nitrate action level, while 6 wells had an annual mean nitrate value over 10 mg/L, the national nitrate public water supply standard. Results showed considerable regional variability as well as seasonal variation by well. Monitoring prompted questions, interest, and learning while initiating conversations and involvement among neighbors. Collectively, monitoring and neighborhood outreach brought attention to regional groundwater resources and encouraged increased awareness. Title: The Community Well Water Testing Program: Volunteer Groundwater Nitrate Monitoring in the Southern Willamette Valley of Oregon Author: Moscowitz, Laura In October 2006, the Oregon State University Extension Service Well Water Program began a groundwater monitoring project to learn more about well water nitrate levels in the Southern Willamette Valley and increase community involvement in groundwater management activities. The primary objectives of the program were to elucidate trends in spatial and temporal variability of nitrate in well derived drinking water, facilitate understanding of regional groundwater issues through neighbor-to-neighbor outreach, and assist rural residents in protecting their drinking water supply. The Community Well Water Testing Program established neighborhood networks in which volunteer monitors tested their own well and their neighbors’ wells for nitrate on a monthly basis. Each volunteer monitor was responsible for collecting water samples from 3-9 neighborhood wells, analyzing the samples using a LaMotte nitrate-nitrogen test kit, and reporting results to both the well owner and program managers. During the 2006-2007 sampling year, 20 volunteer monitors tested 1,209 well water samples for nitrate. The mean nitrate concentration for all tested wells over this period was 3.0 mg/L. Annual mean nitrate values ranged from 0 to 14.1 mg/L with a median of 1.9 mg/L. Eleven wells had an annual mean nitrate value over 7 mg/L, the Oregon groundwater nitrate action level, while 6 wells had an annual mean nitrate value over 10 mg/L, the national nitrate public water supply standard. Results showed considerable regional variability as well as seasonal variation by well. Monitoring prompted questions, interest, and learning while initiating conversations and involvement among neighbors. Collectively, monitoring and neighborhood outreach brought attention to regional groundwater resources and encouraged increased awareness. Close

• 13. [Article] Quantification of landslide movement in a forested environment

  Landslides are an insidious natural hazard, which can result in significant damage to public infrastructure. Limited monitoring tools are available, particularly tools suitable for use in forested environments. ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Quantification of landslide movement in a forested environment Author: Conner, Jeremy C. Landslides are an insidious natural hazard, which can result in significant damage to public infrastructure. Limited monitoring tools are available, particularly tools suitable for use in forested environments. These tools often only allow a few locations across the slide to be monitored. Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS) shows promise as a monitoring technique given the high spatial resolution and accuracy at which measurements can be made. However, current procedures can be time consuming, require advanced skill and judgment by the analyst, and typically require manual methods of feature extraction to quantify landslide movement. To overcome these limitations, this thesis presents and investigates a new methodology to detect and monitor landslide movement in a densely forested area using natural features such as tree trunks. The presented methodology searches through the noisy point cloud dataset to find trees and then fit circles to points sampled on the tree trunk. Next, comparing the movement of the circles between time series terrestrial laser scan surveys provides quantified displacements distributed across the landslide. For quality control purposes a parametric analysis was conducted and revealed that the root mean square error (RMS) of the circle fit and the difference in calculated tree radii between epochs are the dominant parameters in correctly pairing trees between epochs. For the test dataset, the optimal values were a RMS circle-fit of less than 1.5 cm and less than 1.0 cm for the calculated difference in tree radii. Application of the methodology to a case study of Johnson Creek Landslide (JCL) showed that TLS can determine landslide movement comparable to conventional monitoring methods. The displacements observed on markers were within 2 cm from the displacement observed from traditional methods such as total station monitoring. TLS also provides more samples than currently observed for this location, allowing increased detail for landslide modeling and monitoring. Title: Quantification of landslide movement in a forested environment Author: Conner, Jeremy C. Landslides are an insidious natural hazard, which can result in significant damage to public infrastructure. Limited monitoring tools are available, particularly tools suitable for use in forested environments. These tools often only allow a few locations across the slide to be monitored. Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS) shows promise as a monitoring technique given the high spatial resolution and accuracy at which measurements can be made. However, current procedures can be time consuming, require advanced skill and judgment by the analyst, and typically require manual methods of feature extraction to quantify landslide movement. To overcome these limitations, this thesis presents and investigates a new methodology to detect and monitor landslide movement in a densely forested area using natural features such as tree trunks. The presented methodology searches through the noisy point cloud dataset to find trees and then fit circles to points sampled on the tree trunk. Next, comparing the movement of the circles between time series terrestrial laser scan surveys provides quantified displacements distributed across the landslide. For quality control purposes a parametric analysis was conducted and revealed that the root mean square error (RMS) of the circle fit and the difference in calculated tree radii between epochs are the dominant parameters in correctly pairing trees between epochs. For the test dataset, the optimal values were a RMS circle-fit of less than 1.5 cm and less than 1.0 cm for the calculated difference in tree radii. Application of the methodology to a case study of Johnson Creek Landslide (JCL) showed that TLS can determine landslide movement comparable to conventional monitoring methods. The displacements observed on markers were within 2 cm from the displacement observed from traditional methods such as total station monitoring. TLS also provides more samples than currently observed for this location, allowing increased detail for landslide modeling and monitoring. Close

• 14. [Article] Causes and Consequences of Timing Errors Associated With Global Positioning System Collar Accelerometer Activity Monitors

  To the best of our knowledge, one or more authors of this paper were federal employees when contributing to this work. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The article was published by the U.S. Fish and ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Causes and Consequences of Timing Errors Associated With Global Positioning System Collar Accelerometer Activity Monitors Author: Sanchez, Dana M., Gaylord, Adam J. To the best of our knowledge, one or more authors of this paper were federal employees when contributing to this work. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The article was published by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and is in the public domain. The published article can be found at: http://www.fwspubs.org/loi/fwma. Title: Causes and Consequences of Timing Errors Associated With Global Positioning System Collar Accelerometer Activity Monitors Author: Sanchez, Dana M., Gaylord, Adam J. To the best of our knowledge, one or more authors of this paper were federal employees when contributing to this work. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The article was published by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and is in the public domain. The published article can be found at: http://www.fwspubs.org/loi/fwma. Close

• 15. [Article] Monitoring for stream temperature total maximum daily load development

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Monitoring for stream temperature total maximum daily load development Author: Oregon. Dept. of Environmental Quality Title: Monitoring for stream temperature total maximum daily load development Author: Oregon. Dept. of Environmental Quality Close

• 16. [Article] Achieving operational hydrologic monitoring of mosquitoborne disease

  Mosquitoes and mosquitoborne disease transmission are sensitive to hydrologic variability. If local hydrologic conditions can be monitored or modeled at the scales at which these conditions affect the ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Achieving operational hydrologic monitoring of mosquitoborne disease Author: Shaman, Jeffrey, Day, Jonathan F. Mosquitoes and mosquitoborne disease transmission are sensitive to hydrologic variability. If local hydrologic conditions can be monitored or modeled at the scales at which these conditions affect the population dynamics of vector mosquitoes and the diseases they transmit, a means for monitoring or modeling mosquito populations and mosquitoborne disease transmission may be realized. We review how hydrologic conditions have been associated with mosquito abundances and mosquitoborne disease transmission and discuss the advantages of different measures of hydrologic variability. We propose that the useful application of any measure of hydrologic conditions requires additional consideration of the scales for both the hydrologic measurement and the vector control interventions that will be used to mitigate an outbreak of vectorborne disease. Our efforts to establish operational monitoring of St. Louis encephalitis virus and West Nile virus transmission in Florida are also reviewed. Title: Achieving operational hydrologic monitoring of mosquitoborne disease Author: Shaman, Jeffrey, Day, Jonathan F. Mosquitoes and mosquitoborne disease transmission are sensitive to hydrologic variability. If local hydrologic conditions can be monitored or modeled at the scales at which these conditions affect the population dynamics of vector mosquitoes and the diseases they transmit, a means for monitoring or modeling mosquito populations and mosquitoborne disease transmission may be realized. We review how hydrologic conditions have been associated with mosquito abundances and mosquitoborne disease transmission and discuss the advantages of different measures of hydrologic variability. We propose that the useful application of any measure of hydrologic conditions requires additional consideration of the scales for both the hydrologic measurement and the vector control interventions that will be used to mitigate an outbreak of vectorborne disease. Our efforts to establish operational monitoring of St. Louis encephalitis virus and West Nile virus transmission in Florida are also reviewed. Close

• 17. [Article] Global vegetation monitoring: towards a sustainable technobiosphere

  The concept of sustainable resource management can be applied at multiple scales. Monitoring is an essential component of sustainable natural resource management schemes, and as we begin to confront the ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Global vegetation monitoring: towards a sustainable technobiosphere Author: Turner, David P. The concept of sustainable resource management can be applied at multiple scales. Monitoring is an essential component of sustainable natural resource management schemes, and as we begin to confront the need to manage natural resources at the global scale, the importance of monitoring at the global scale is also growing. The combination of satellite remote sensing, in situ measurements, and simulation modeling has the potential to deliver an annual assessment of status and trends for several measures of terrestrial biosphere structure and function relevant to sustainability. However, there is, as yet, no internationally coordinated effort in place to perform that analysis. Synthesis activity of that kind would support the development of global environmental governance institutions, including both nongovernmental organizations and international bodies. Title: Global vegetation monitoring: towards a sustainable technobiosphere Author: Turner, David P. The concept of sustainable resource management can be applied at multiple scales. Monitoring is an essential component of sustainable natural resource management schemes, and as we begin to confront the need to manage natural resources at the global scale, the importance of monitoring at the global scale is also growing. The combination of satellite remote sensing, in situ measurements, and simulation modeling has the potential to deliver an annual assessment of status and trends for several measures of terrestrial biosphere structure and function relevant to sustainability. However, there is, as yet, no internationally coordinated effort in place to perform that analysis. Synthesis activity of that kind would support the development of global environmental governance institutions, including both nongovernmental organizations and international bodies. Close

• 18. [Article] VegNet regional pest monitoring program: Research report to the Agricultural Research Foundation for 2009

  The VegNet regional pest monitoring program sponsored by the Oregon Processed Vegetable Commission has been fruitful.The program has, on occasion,saved growers money by providing growers and agricultural ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: VegNet regional pest monitoring program: Research report to the Agricultural Research Foundation for 2009 Author: McGrath, Daniel The VegNet regional pest monitoring program sponsored by the Oregon Processed Vegetable Commission has been fruitful.The program has, on occasion,saved growers money by providing growers and agricultural professionals with early warnings of insect pest outbreaks. The combination of regional pest monitoring plus field scouting has allowed growers, in some cases, to reduce insecticide applications without significantly increasing risk of crop damage. Processors have taken advantage of this integrated pest management program in their stewardship marketing campaigns. This may have helped Oregon processors maintain market shares with national brokers of processed food who are aggressively looking for ways to protect and enhance their brand image. Title: VegNet regional pest monitoring program: Research report to the Agricultural Research Foundation for 2009 Author: McGrath, Daniel The VegNet regional pest monitoring program sponsored by the Oregon Processed Vegetable Commission has been fruitful.The program has, on occasion,saved growers money by providing growers and agricultural professionals with early warnings of insect pest outbreaks. The combination of regional pest monitoring plus field scouting has allowed growers, in some cases, to reduce insecticide applications without significantly increasing risk of crop damage. Processors have taken advantage of this integrated pest management program in their stewardship marketing campaigns. This may have helped Oregon processors maintain market shares with national brokers of processed food who are aggressively looking for ways to protect and enhance their brand image. Close

• 19. [Article] Regional Biodiversity Monitoring: Partnership Workshop

  Oregon's perspectives, differences, and objectives as they pertain to monitoring biodiversity. Presented at the Regional Biodiversity Monitoring: Partnership Workshop on May 18, 2006.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Regional Biodiversity Monitoring: Partnership Workshop Author: Oregon. Dept. of Fish and Wildlife Oregon's perspectives, differences, and objectives as they pertain to monitoring biodiversity. Presented at the Regional Biodiversity Monitoring: Partnership Workshop on May 18, 2006. Title: Regional Biodiversity Monitoring: Partnership Workshop Author: Oregon. Dept. of Fish and Wildlife Oregon's perspectives, differences, and objectives as they pertain to monitoring biodiversity. Presented at the Regional Biodiversity Monitoring: Partnership Workshop on May 18, 2006. Close

• 20. [Article] Self-monitoring scores are a function of the interpersonal domain salient at the time of administration

  Self-Monitoring scores were significantly influenced by the social context that respondents considered while completing it. Normal distributions were generated within testing conditions. Bimodal distributions ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Self-monitoring scores are a function of the interpersonal domain salient at the time of administration Author: Bernieri, Frank J., Clark, Jordan, Petty, Kristen N. Self-Monitoring scores were significantly influenced by the social context that respondents considered while completing it. Normal distributions were generated within testing conditions. Bimodal distributions were generally found across testing conditions and within a no context specified condition, suggesting item ambiguity might be leading to the scale’s class variable interpretation. Title: Self-monitoring scores are a function of the interpersonal domain salient at the time of administration Author: Bernieri, Frank J., Clark, Jordan, Petty, Kristen N. Self-Monitoring scores were significantly influenced by the social context that respondents considered while completing it. Normal distributions were generated within testing conditions. Bimodal distributions were generally found across testing conditions and within a no context specified condition, suggesting item ambiguity might be leading to the scale’s class variable interpretation. Close

• 21. [Article] An evaluation of the likelihood of successful implementation of the long term coral reef monitoring program on the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands

  Coral reef ecosystems are the oceanic equivalent of tropical rainforests, in terms of biodiversity. The estimated 1,037,000 square kilometers worldwide of reef provide habitat for over one million species ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: An evaluation of the likelihood of successful implementation of the long term coral reef monitoring program on the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands Author: Kylstra, Pam Coral reef ecosystems are the oceanic equivalent of tropical rainforests, in terms of biodiversity. The estimated 1,037,000 square kilometers worldwide of reef provide habitat for over one million species of plants and animals (Hinrichsen, 1997). Coral reefs are important to the economy of coastal nations because of the fisheries and tourism industries they support. Reef ecosystems provide a host of important natural services such as storm buffering, a protein source for islanders, breeding and nursery grounds for marine organisms, water filtration and a source of biomedically important products. Coral reef areas also have aesthetic and intrinsic value that is reason enough to protect them. Coral reefs are also among the most endangered ecosystems on Earth. Naturally occurring disturbances are compounded by the impacts of anthropogenic disturbance. Factors that threaten the health of coral reef ecosystems on a global scale include global warming, the continuing increase in coastal populations and associated impacts such as nutrient pollution, sedimentation and runoff, coral mining, ship groundings, overfishing, and recreational overuse. Globally, coastal areas accommodate about 60% of Earth's human population. A significant portion of the population lies within tropical regions. This population pressure subjects coral reef environments to effects of increased competition for coastal resources, increased coastal pollution and problems related to coastal construction. The synergistic effect of stressors has been the irreversible degradation worldwide of 10% of reefs and another 60% in critical condition leaving, only 30% as stable (Wilkinson, 1993). The coral reefs of the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (CNMI) are a good example of how the combination of increasing human population and the associated environmental pressure has resulted in degradation of the reef ecosystem. The CNMI has undergone significant change in economic and population growth within the past decade. To accommodate the rapid and continuing development of the tourism industry, numerous golf courses and resort hotels have been constructed on Saipan. The population of Saipan has increased over 30% in the last ten years. Currently, the local/resident population is 60,000 while the visitor population is 750,000 per year. This rapid growth has had serious ecological consequences. Coral roads have been converted to four lane highways and infrastructure such as septic tank systems has not been improved to meet higher demand. More and more development projects have been proposed without adequate consideration of environmental impacts. Conflicts over the use and conservation of marine and watershed resources continue to arise. The continuing decline of reef systems globally and in specific areas like the CNMI, highlights the need for effective methods of assessing change in nearshore ecosystems. This paper explores the ways that coral reef monitoring can provide information about reef health that serves to affect positive changes in management strategies for marine systems. Using a criteria drawn from case study comparisons of ongoing, well established coral monitoring programs and evaluation framework proposed by policy analysts Using criteria drawn from case, the Long Term Marine Monitoring Program (LTMMP) on Saipan, CNMI is evaluated. The evaluation provides insight about coral monitoring plan components that are essential to the effectiveness of coral reef monitoring programs. This report is an outgrowth of an internship the author performed with the CNMI Division of Environmental Quality on the island of Saipan from June to October of 1997. The University of Oregon Micronesia and South Pacific Program and the government of the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (CMNI) sponsored the internship project. The objectives of the internship were to assist in field data collection and continuing development of the ongoing Long Term Marine Monitoring Plan (LTMMP) Assist and instruct Marine Monitoring Team (MMT) members in basic computer skills, understanding of data applicability, management, interpretation and analysis, basic biology and resource management techniques as it relates to marine monitoring work Facilitate inter-governmental agency coordination of marine monitoring activities Assess likelihood of success and explore challenges facing Saipan in implementation of the monitoring program This report first describes functions and services provided by coral reefs and an introduction to the stresses and disturbances that compromise the health of reef systems globally. Using examples from case studies of established marine monitoring programs, this report considers how effective monitoring can reveal changes in the reef system over time, enabling conservation measures to be taken. It then turns to the island of Saipan and briefly describes the environmental and socio-economic framework within which the coral reef related provisions of the CNMI coastal management program are considered. This background information is used to evaluate the Long Term Marine Monitoring Plan currently in place on the CNMI. This evaluation provides insight into the challenges to implementation of coral reef monitoring plans and recommendations for improvements in the LTMMP on Saipan. Title: An evaluation of the likelihood of successful implementation of the long term coral reef monitoring program on the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands Author: Kylstra, Pam Coral reef ecosystems are the oceanic equivalent of tropical rainforests, in terms of biodiversity. The estimated 1,037,000 square kilometers worldwide of reef provide habitat for over one million species of plants and animals (Hinrichsen, 1997). Coral reefs are important to the economy of coastal nations because of the fisheries and tourism industries they support. Reef ecosystems provide a host of important natural services such as storm buffering, a protein source for islanders, breeding and nursery grounds for marine organisms, water filtration and a source of biomedically important products. Coral reef areas also have aesthetic and intrinsic value that is reason enough to protect them. Coral reefs are also among the most endangered ecosystems on Earth. Naturally occurring disturbances are compounded by the impacts of anthropogenic disturbance. Factors that threaten the health of coral reef ecosystems on a global scale include global warming, the continuing increase in coastal populations and associated impacts such as nutrient pollution, sedimentation and runoff, coral mining, ship groundings, overfishing, and recreational overuse. Globally, coastal areas accommodate about 60% of Earth's human population. A significant portion of the population lies within tropical regions. This population pressure subjects coral reef environments to effects of increased competition for coastal resources, increased coastal pollution and problems related to coastal construction. The synergistic effect of stressors has been the irreversible degradation worldwide of 10% of reefs and another 60% in critical condition leaving, only 30% as stable (Wilkinson, 1993). The coral reefs of the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (CNMI) are a good example of how the combination of increasing human population and the associated environmental pressure has resulted in degradation of the reef ecosystem. The CNMI has undergone significant change in economic and population growth within the past decade. To accommodate the rapid and continuing development of the tourism industry, numerous golf courses and resort hotels have been constructed on Saipan. The population of Saipan has increased over 30% in the last ten years. Currently, the local/resident population is 60,000 while the visitor population is 750,000 per year. This rapid growth has had serious ecological consequences. Coral roads have been converted to four lane highways and infrastructure such as septic tank systems has not been improved to meet higher demand. More and more development projects have been proposed without adequate consideration of environmental impacts. Conflicts over the use and conservation of marine and watershed resources continue to arise. The continuing decline of reef systems globally and in specific areas like the CNMI, highlights the need for effective methods of assessing change in nearshore ecosystems. This paper explores the ways that coral reef monitoring can provide information about reef health that serves to affect positive changes in management strategies for marine systems. Using a criteria drawn from case study comparisons of ongoing, well established coral monitoring programs and evaluation framework proposed by policy analysts Using criteria drawn from case, the Long Term Marine Monitoring Program (LTMMP) on Saipan, CNMI is evaluated. The evaluation provides insight about coral monitoring plan components that are essential to the effectiveness of coral reef monitoring programs. This report is an outgrowth of an internship the author performed with the CNMI Division of Environmental Quality on the island of Saipan from June to October of 1997. The University of Oregon Micronesia and South Pacific Program and the government of the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (CMNI) sponsored the internship project. The objectives of the internship were to assist in field data collection and continuing development of the ongoing Long Term Marine Monitoring Plan (LTMMP) Assist and instruct Marine Monitoring Team (MMT) members in basic computer skills, understanding of data applicability, management, interpretation and analysis, basic biology and resource management techniques as it relates to marine monitoring work Facilitate inter-governmental agency coordination of marine monitoring activities Assess likelihood of success and explore challenges facing Saipan in implementation of the monitoring program This report first describes functions and services provided by coral reefs and an introduction to the stresses and disturbances that compromise the health of reef systems globally. Using examples from case studies of established marine monitoring programs, this report considers how effective monitoring can reveal changes in the reef system over time, enabling conservation measures to be taken. It then turns to the island of Saipan and briefly describes the environmental and socio-economic framework within which the coral reef related provisions of the CNMI coastal management program are considered. This background information is used to evaluate the Long Term Marine Monitoring Plan currently in place on the CNMI. This evaluation provides insight into the challenges to implementation of coral reef monitoring plans and recommendations for improvements in the LTMMP on Saipan. Close

• 22. [Article] Institutional Changes to Fisheries Management Systems Caused by the TAC in Japan

  Research Paper

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Institutional Changes to Fisheries Management Systems Caused by the TAC in Japan Author: Hidaka, Takeshi Research Paper Title: Institutional Changes to Fisheries Management Systems Caused by the TAC in Japan Author: Hidaka, Takeshi Research Paper Close

• 23. [Article] OLAM: A Wearable, Non-Contact Sensor for Continuous Heart-Rate and Activity Monitoring

  NEWS COVERAGE: A news release based on this journal publication, which is written for a lay audience and has been approved by an author of the study, is available online: http://bit.ly/zb8Qn

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: OLAM: A Wearable, Non-Contact Sensor for Continuous Heart-Rate and Activity Monitoring Author: Chi, Mike Y., Hagen, Tory M., Albright, Ryan K., Goska, Benjamin J., Chiang, Patrick Y., Cauwenbergh, G. NEWS COVERAGE: A news release based on this journal publication, which is written for a lay audience and has been approved by an author of the study, is available online: http://bit.ly/zb8Qn Title: OLAM: A Wearable, Non-Contact Sensor for Continuous Heart-Rate and Activity Monitoring Author: Chi, Mike Y., Hagen, Tory M., Albright, Ryan K., Goska, Benjamin J., Chiang, Patrick Y., Cauwenbergh, G. NEWS COVERAGE: A news release based on this journal publication, which is written for a lay audience and has been approved by an author of the study, is available online: http://bit.ly/zb8Qn Close

• 24. [Article] Core Principles of the California Current Acidification Network: Linking Chemistry, Physics, and Ecological Effects

  To the best of our knowledge, one or more authors of this paper were federal employees when contributing to this work. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by Oceanography ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Core Principles of the California Current Acidification Network: Linking Chemistry, Physics, and Ecological Effects Author: Dickson, Andrew G., McLaughlin, Karen, Weisberg, Stephen B., Langdon, Chris J., et al. To the best of our knowledge, one or more authors of this paper were federal employees when contributing to this work. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by Oceanography Society and can be found at: http://www.tos.org/oceanography/archive/28-2_mclaughlin.html Title: Core Principles of the California Current Acidification Network: Linking Chemistry, Physics, and Ecological Effects Author: Dickson, Andrew G., McLaughlin, Karen, Weisberg, Stephen B., Langdon, Chris J., et al. To the best of our knowledge, one or more authors of this paper were federal employees when contributing to this work. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by Oceanography Society and can be found at: http://www.tos.org/oceanography/archive/28-2_mclaughlin.html Close

• 25. [Article] Monitoring Oregon Coastal Harmful Algae: Observations and implications of a harmful algal bloom-monitoring project

  To the best of our knowledge, one or more authors of this paper were federal employees when contributing to this work. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by the author(s) ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Monitoring Oregon Coastal Harmful Algae: Observations and implications of a harmful algal bloom-monitoring project Author: Forster, Zach, Hopkins, Alyssa, McKibben, S. Morgaine, Du, Xiuning, Eberhart, Bich-Thuy, White, Angelicque E., Peterson, William T., Hunter, Matthew, Wood, A. Michelle, Watkins-Brandt, Katie S. To the best of our knowledge, one or more authors of this paper were federal employees when contributing to this work. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by the author(s) and published by Elsevier. The published article can be found at: http://www.journals.elsevier.com/harmful-algae/ Title: Monitoring Oregon Coastal Harmful Algae: Observations and implications of a harmful algal bloom-monitoring project Author: Forster, Zach, Hopkins, Alyssa, McKibben, S. Morgaine, Du, Xiuning, Eberhart, Bich-Thuy, White, Angelicque E., Peterson, William T., Hunter, Matthew, Wood, A. Michelle, Watkins-Brandt, Katie S. To the best of our knowledge, one or more authors of this paper were federal employees when contributing to this work. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by the author(s) and published by Elsevier. The published article can be found at: http://www.journals.elsevier.com/harmful-algae/ Close

• 26. [Article] State of the Art in Large-Scale Soil Moisture Monitoring

  To the best of our knowledge, one or more authors of this paper were federal employees when contributing to this work. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by Soil Science ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: State of the Art in Large-Scale Soil Moisture Monitoring Author: Larson, Kristine M., Zreda, Marek, Cosh, Michael H., Kerr, Yann H., Small, Eric E., Cuenca, Richard H., Draper, Clara S., Njoku, Eni G., Hagimoto, Yutaka, Dorigo, Wouter A., Ochsner, Tyson E. To the best of our knowledge, one or more authors of this paper were federal employees when contributing to this work. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by Soil Science Society of America and can be found at: https://www.soils.org/publications/sssaj. Title: State of the Art in Large-Scale Soil Moisture Monitoring Author: Larson, Kristine M., Zreda, Marek, Cosh, Michael H., Kerr, Yann H., Small, Eric E., Cuenca, Richard H., Draper, Clara S., Njoku, Eni G., Hagimoto, Yutaka, Dorigo, Wouter A., Ochsner, Tyson E. To the best of our knowledge, one or more authors of this paper were federal employees when contributing to this work. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by Soil Science Society of America and can be found at: https://www.soils.org/publications/sssaj. Close

• 27. [Article] Monitoring patient profiles from the pharmacy : an opportunity for the pharmacist to contribute to patient care

  The literature clearly indicates that pharmacist monitoring of hospital patients by use of a patient profile is needed. The literature does not, however, describe a method of selecting the information ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Monitoring patient profiles from the pharmacy : an opportunity for the pharmacist to contribute to patient care Author: Jewell, Dale G. Zelinsky The literature clearly indicates that pharmacist monitoring of hospital patients by use of a patient profile is needed. The literature does not, however, describe a method of selecting the information to be included on the profile. Since monitoring needs vary from hospital to hospital, a method of identifying specific needs is necessary. Therefore, this study was undertaken in three parts to develop such a method. Part I was concerned with devising a list of the types of information which can be monitored by the pharmacist. This list included both patient information, such as age and weight, and therapeutic information, such as drug regimens and laboratory tests. Another list was then generated of all contributions a pharmacist can make to patient care. A contribution was defined as any action the pharmacist can take to insure safety of the patient's drug-related therapy and to provide for the optimal use of medications. It was then possible to identify which types of information lead to making specific contributions to patient care and which were non-productive. Part II consisted of designing the A-P-C (All-Possible-Contributions) profile. This profile contains all of the information found in part I to be useful, enabling the pharmacist to make all of the contributions possible to patient care. The third part was the application of the newly devised A-P-C profile to an actual hospital pharmacy practice. The contributions to patient care which were needed were identified on the basis of finding drug-drug interactions, adverse drug reactions, etc. occurring in the sampled patients' therapy. Once the needed contributions were identified by use of the A-P-C profile, the pharmacist was able to know which types of information he must monitor. Any extraneous information was then eliminated from the A-P-C profile, and a new profile drawn up for use thereafter. In part I, seventeen types of information were found to be useful for making the fifteen possible contributions to patient care. Application of the A-P-C profile to the actual hospital practice indicated that fourteen types of information should be monitored to make possible the twelve contributions shown to be needed. The results of the study indicate that the A-P-C profile can be used to identify the specific monitoring requirement of a given hospital pharmacy practice, which can lead to safer and more effective therapy. Title: Monitoring patient profiles from the pharmacy : an opportunity for the pharmacist to contribute to patient care Author: Jewell, Dale G. Zelinsky The literature clearly indicates that pharmacist monitoring of hospital patients by use of a patient profile is needed. The literature does not, however, describe a method of selecting the information to be included on the profile. Since monitoring needs vary from hospital to hospital, a method of identifying specific needs is necessary. Therefore, this study was undertaken in three parts to develop such a method. Part I was concerned with devising a list of the types of information which can be monitored by the pharmacist. This list included both patient information, such as age and weight, and therapeutic information, such as drug regimens and laboratory tests. Another list was then generated of all contributions a pharmacist can make to patient care. A contribution was defined as any action the pharmacist can take to insure safety of the patient's drug-related therapy and to provide for the optimal use of medications. It was then possible to identify which types of information lead to making specific contributions to patient care and which were non-productive. Part II consisted of designing the A-P-C (All-Possible-Contributions) profile. This profile contains all of the information found in part I to be useful, enabling the pharmacist to make all of the contributions possible to patient care. The third part was the application of the newly devised A-P-C profile to an actual hospital pharmacy practice. The contributions to patient care which were needed were identified on the basis of finding drug-drug interactions, adverse drug reactions, etc. occurring in the sampled patients' therapy. Once the needed contributions were identified by use of the A-P-C profile, the pharmacist was able to know which types of information he must monitor. Any extraneous information was then eliminated from the A-P-C profile, and a new profile drawn up for use thereafter. In part I, seventeen types of information were found to be useful for making the fifteen possible contributions to patient care. Application of the A-P-C profile to the actual hospital practice indicated that fourteen types of information should be monitored to make possible the twelve contributions shown to be needed. The results of the study indicate that the A-P-C profile can be used to identify the specific monitoring requirement of a given hospital pharmacy practice, which can lead to safer and more effective therapy. Close

• 28. [Article] Bridge Damage State Detection Based on Strain-Based Wireless Structural Health Monitoring

  The Pacific Northwest is at risk for significant seismic and tsunami events, which are capable of severely damaging lifeline transportation infrastructure, particularly bridges. As the bridges in the United ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Bridge Damage State Detection Based on Strain-Based Wireless Structural Health Monitoring Author: Slaven, Kelli R. The Pacific Northwest is at risk for significant seismic and tsunami events, which are capable of severely damaging lifeline transportation infrastructure, particularly bridges. As the bridges in the United States age and begin to show signs of fatigue, the risk for severe damage increases. Proper monitoring and inspection of bridges is becoming increasingly important as bridges age, especially with the high likelihood of a significant seismic event. Structural health monitoring systems can be used to evaluate the condition of bridges throughout the area, and to quickly determine the state of lifeline bridges after a disaster. With technology advancing rapidly and making widespread monitoring possible, there exists a gap between the monitoring systems and the interpretation and presentation of recorded data. A framework needs to be developed to relay useful information to the owners and decision makers based on sensor readings. This project develops OpenSees bridge models, and uses them to determine a relationship between strain data and damage states that could provide a useful framework for decision making. Title: Bridge Damage State Detection Based on Strain-Based Wireless Structural Health Monitoring Author: Slaven, Kelli R. The Pacific Northwest is at risk for significant seismic and tsunami events, which are capable of severely damaging lifeline transportation infrastructure, particularly bridges. As the bridges in the United States age and begin to show signs of fatigue, the risk for severe damage increases. Proper monitoring and inspection of bridges is becoming increasingly important as bridges age, especially with the high likelihood of a significant seismic event. Structural health monitoring systems can be used to evaluate the condition of bridges throughout the area, and to quickly determine the state of lifeline bridges after a disaster. With technology advancing rapidly and making widespread monitoring possible, there exists a gap between the monitoring systems and the interpretation and presentation of recorded data. A framework needs to be developed to relay useful information to the owners and decision makers based on sensor readings. This project develops OpenSees bridge models, and uses them to determine a relationship between strain data and damage states that could provide a useful framework for decision making. Close

• 29. [Article] The impact of maltreatment on adolescent substance abuse

  While the general link between adolescent maltreatment and adolescent substance abuse is well established, questions remain regarding factors that may explain variability in the strength of this link. ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The impact of maltreatment on adolescent substance abuse Author: Hall, Nancy K. While the general link between adolescent maltreatment and adolescent substance abuse is well established, questions remain regarding factors that may explain variability in the strength of this link. This study examines whether the link between maltreatment and substance abuse varies across three categories of maltreatment: physical, sexual and emotional. It also examines gender differences and timing of abuse (past or current). This study also examines the level of parental monitoring and what effect parental monitoring has on maltreated adolescents and their use of substances. Survey data were collected from six public schools in a rural Southwestern Oregon County on experience of maltreatment (emotional, physical and sexual) and use of substances (tobacco, alcohol and illicit drugs), gender differences and level of parental monitoring. Data were analyzed using t-tests and regression models. Results indicated that youth who currently experienced emotional, physical or sexual abuse were significantly more likely to use tobacco, alcohol, and illicit drugs than were youth who had experienced abuse in the past. They also indicated a significant interaction between gender and physical abuse, sexual abuse and emotional abuse (past and present combined) in predicting illicit drug use with males using illicit drugs at a significantly higher rate than females. As predicted, a significant interaction was found between parental monitoring and maltreatment/no maltreatment in predicting drug use. Maltreated youth with low levels of parental monitoring were significantly more likely to have high levels of substance use than were maltreated youth with high levels of parental monitoring. These results give rise to the need for further research into this subject to aid counselors in helping youth, especially male youth, in substance abuse treatment. Results of this study suggest a need for substance abuse treatment counselors to educate the parents of the treatment clients to closely monitor their adolescent as a possible means of reducing substance abuse. Title: The impact of maltreatment on adolescent substance abuse Author: Hall, Nancy K. While the general link between adolescent maltreatment and adolescent substance abuse is well established, questions remain regarding factors that may explain variability in the strength of this link. This study examines whether the link between maltreatment and substance abuse varies across three categories of maltreatment: physical, sexual and emotional. It also examines gender differences and timing of abuse (past or current). This study also examines the level of parental monitoring and what effect parental monitoring has on maltreated adolescents and their use of substances. Survey data were collected from six public schools in a rural Southwestern Oregon County on experience of maltreatment (emotional, physical and sexual) and use of substances (tobacco, alcohol and illicit drugs), gender differences and level of parental monitoring. Data were analyzed using t-tests and regression models. Results indicated that youth who currently experienced emotional, physical or sexual abuse were significantly more likely to use tobacco, alcohol, and illicit drugs than were youth who had experienced abuse in the past. They also indicated a significant interaction between gender and physical abuse, sexual abuse and emotional abuse (past and present combined) in predicting illicit drug use with males using illicit drugs at a significantly higher rate than females. As predicted, a significant interaction was found between parental monitoring and maltreatment/no maltreatment in predicting drug use. Maltreated youth with low levels of parental monitoring were significantly more likely to have high levels of substance use than were maltreated youth with high levels of parental monitoring. These results give rise to the need for further research into this subject to aid counselors in helping youth, especially male youth, in substance abuse treatment. Results of this study suggest a need for substance abuse treatment counselors to educate the parents of the treatment clients to closely monitor their adolescent as a possible means of reducing substance abuse. Close

• 30. [Article] Monitoring for Ozone Injury in West Coast (Oregon, Washington, California) Forests in 1998

  In 1998, forest vegetation was monitored for ozone injury on permanent plots in two Sierra Nevada national forests in California, at three locations in Mount Rainier National Park in Washington, and at ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Monitoring for Ozone Injury in West Coast (Oregon, Washington, California) Forests in 1998 Author: Rochefort, Regina, Pacific Northwest Research Station (Portland, Or.), Andersen, Chris, Smith, Gretchen, Temple, Pat, Campbell, Sally J., Pronos, John In 1998, forest vegetation was monitored for ozone injury on permanent plots in two Sierra Nevada national forests in California, at three locations in Mount Rainier National Park in Washington, and at 68 forest health monitoring (FHM) locations throughout Washington, Oregon, and California. This was the first year that extensive monitoring of forest vegetation for ozone injury was carried out in Oregon, and Washington. Injury was detected on ponderosa and Jeffrey pine in the Sierra Nevada permanent plots and on red elderberry at one FHM location in southwest Washington. No injury was detected at the Mount Rainier sites. The authors also report on results of a trial where red alder, huckleberry, blue elderberry, and chokecherry were exposed to ozone under controlled conditions. Title: Monitoring for Ozone Injury in West Coast (Oregon, Washington, California) Forests in 1998 Author: Rochefort, Regina, Pacific Northwest Research Station (Portland, Or.), Andersen, Chris, Smith, Gretchen, Temple, Pat, Campbell, Sally J., Pronos, John In 1998, forest vegetation was monitored for ozone injury on permanent plots in two Sierra Nevada national forests in California, at three locations in Mount Rainier National Park in Washington, and at 68 forest health monitoring (FHM) locations throughout Washington, Oregon, and California. This was the first year that extensive monitoring of forest vegetation for ozone injury was carried out in Oregon, and Washington. Injury was detected on ponderosa and Jeffrey pine in the Sierra Nevada permanent plots and on red elderberry at one FHM location in southwest Washington. No injury was detected at the Mount Rainier sites. The authors also report on results of a trial where red alder, huckleberry, blue elderberry, and chokecherry were exposed to ozone under controlled conditions. Close

• 31. [Article] Perceived Usefulness of Remote Health Monitoring among Healthcare Providers, Mexican-origin and non-Hispanic White Heart Failure Patients and Informal Caregivers

  Few remote health monitoring (RHM) studies have included Mexican-origin Latinos, and even fewer have explored RHM acceptance and utility, reasons for RHM uptake success or failure, or how cultural values ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Perceived Usefulness of Remote Health Monitoring among Healthcare Providers, Mexican-origin and non-Hispanic White Heart Failure Patients and Informal Caregivers Author: Anthony, Katherine (Katherine Philippoff) Few remote health monitoring (RHM) studies have included Mexican-origin Latinos, and even fewer have explored RHM acceptance and utility, reasons for RHM uptake success or failure, or how cultural values influence RHM use among this population. The primary purpose of this study was to determine the remote health monitoring (RHM) needs and goals of health care providers, older adult heart failure (HF) patients, and their informal caregivers with a focus on Mexican-origin Latino and non-Hispanic white patients and caregivers. Qualitative semi-structured interviews were used to determine the remote health monitoring needs and goals of participants. Content and thematic analysis of interview transcripts revealed that perceptions of RHM were influenced by attitude towards health management and, among caregivers, RHM emerged as a potential partner in care that could ease caregiver concerns. The findings from this study can be used to inform the development of appropriate remote health monitoring systems and interventions for both Mexican-origin and non-Hispanic white heart failure patients and their caregivers to reduce both heart failure patient hospital readmissions and caregiver burden. Title: Perceived Usefulness of Remote Health Monitoring among Healthcare Providers, Mexican-origin and non-Hispanic White Heart Failure Patients and Informal Caregivers Author: Anthony, Katherine (Katherine Philippoff) Few remote health monitoring (RHM) studies have included Mexican-origin Latinos, and even fewer have explored RHM acceptance and utility, reasons for RHM uptake success or failure, or how cultural values influence RHM use among this population. The primary purpose of this study was to determine the remote health monitoring (RHM) needs and goals of health care providers, older adult heart failure (HF) patients, and their informal caregivers with a focus on Mexican-origin Latino and non-Hispanic white patients and caregivers. Qualitative semi-structured interviews were used to determine the remote health monitoring needs and goals of participants. Content and thematic analysis of interview transcripts revealed that perceptions of RHM were influenced by attitude towards health management and, among caregivers, RHM emerged as a potential partner in care that could ease caregiver concerns. The findings from this study can be used to inform the development of appropriate remote health monitoring systems and interventions for both Mexican-origin and non-Hispanic white heart failure patients and their caregivers to reduce both heart failure patient hospital readmissions and caregiver burden. Close

• 32. [Article] Environmental Monitoring within Pacific Northwest Estuaries: Question-based Monitoring in the South Slough National Marine Research Reserve

  Presentation at the Yaquina Bay Environmental Sampling Workshop

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Environmental Monitoring within Pacific Northwest Estuaries: Question-based Monitoring in the South Slough National Marine Research Reserve Author: Rumrill, Steven Presentation at the Yaquina Bay Environmental Sampling Workshop Title: Environmental Monitoring within Pacific Northwest Estuaries: Question-based Monitoring in the South Slough National Marine Research Reserve Author: Rumrill, Steven Presentation at the Yaquina Bay Environmental Sampling Workshop Close

• 33. [Article] Parental Monitoring of Children’s Media Consumption: The Long-term Influences on Body Mass Index in Children

  This is an author's peer-reviewed final manuscript, as accepted by the publisher. The published article is copyrighted by the American Medical Association and can be found at: http://archpedi.jamanetwo...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Parental Monitoring of Children’s Media Consumption: The Long-term Influences on Body Mass Index in Children Author: Pears, Katherine C., Kerr, David C. R., Kim, Hyoun K., Nowicka, Paulina, Tiberio, Stacey S., Capaldi, Deborah M. This is an author's peer-reviewed final manuscript, as accepted by the publisher. The published article is copyrighted by the American Medical Association and can be found at: http://archpedi.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=1844042. Title: Parental Monitoring of Children’s Media Consumption: The Long-term Influences on Body Mass Index in Children Author: Pears, Katherine C., Kerr, David C. R., Kim, Hyoun K., Nowicka, Paulina, Tiberio, Stacey S., Capaldi, Deborah M. This is an author's peer-reviewed final manuscript, as accepted by the publisher. The published article is copyrighted by the American Medical Association and can be found at: http://archpedi.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=1844042. Close

• 34. [Article] Combining and aggregating environmental data for status and trend assessments: challenges and approaches

  To the best of our knowledge, one or more authors of this paper were federal employees when contributing to this work. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by Springer ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Combining and aggregating environmental data for status and trend assessments: challenges and approaches Author: Schreck, Carl, Molina, Nancy, Harte, Michael J., Hughes, Robert M., Maas-Hebner, Kathleen G., Yeakley, J. Alan To the best of our knowledge, one or more authors of this paper were federal employees when contributing to this work. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by Springer and can be found at: http://link.springer.com/journal/10661 Title: Combining and aggregating environmental data for status and trend assessments: challenges and approaches Author: Schreck, Carl, Molina, Nancy, Harte, Michael J., Hughes, Robert M., Maas-Hebner, Kathleen G., Yeakley, J. Alan To the best of our knowledge, one or more authors of this paper were federal employees when contributing to this work. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by Springer and can be found at: http://link.springer.com/journal/10661 Close

• 35. [Article] Estimation of physical parameters in mechanical systems for predictive monitoring and diagnosis

  Monitoring, diagnosis and prediction of failures play key roles in automatic supervision of machine tools. They have received much attention because of the potential for reduced maintenance expenses, down ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Estimation of physical parameters in mechanical systems for predictive monitoring and diagnosis Author: Nickel, Thomas Monitoring, diagnosis and prediction of failures play key roles in automatic supervision of machine tools. They have received much attention because of the potential for reduced maintenance expenses, down time, and an increase in the equipment utilization level. At present, signal analysis techniques are predominantly used. But methods involving system analysis are capable of providing more reliable information, especially for predictive applications of supervision. System analysis involves comprehensive analytical models combined with techniques developed in control theory, and experimental modal analysis. The primary objective of this research is to develop a methodology to monitor critical physical parameters of mechanical systems, which are difficult to measure directly. These parameters are inherent features of constitutive rigid body models. A method for computer aided model generation developed in this thesis leads to a gray box model structure by which physical parameters can be estimated from experimental data. Lagrange's energy formalism, linear algebra and homogenous transformations are used to promote parsimonious three-dimensional model building. A software environment allowing symbolic and arbitrary precision computations facilitates efficient mapping of physical properties of the actual system into specific quantities of the analytical model. Six different methods are postulated and analyzed in this thesis to estimate physical parameters such as masses, stiffnesses and damping coefficients. Implementation of this methodology is a prerequisite for the design of an on-line monitoring and diagnosis system, which can detect and predict process faults. Two mechanical systems are used to validate the proposed methods: (1) A simple multi degree-of-freedom (MDOF) system and (2) a machine tool spindle assembly. A practical application of physical parameter estimation is proposed for preload monitoring in high-speed spindles. Preload variations in the bearing can lead to thermal instability and bearing seizure. The feasibility of using accelerometers located on the spindle housing to estimate bearing preload is evaluated. The optimal environment for continuation of this research is collaboration with machine tool companies to incorporate the proposed methodology (or parts of it) into current design practices. Title: Estimation of physical parameters in mechanical systems for predictive monitoring and diagnosis Author: Nickel, Thomas Monitoring, diagnosis and prediction of failures play key roles in automatic supervision of machine tools. They have received much attention because of the potential for reduced maintenance expenses, down time, and an increase in the equipment utilization level. At present, signal analysis techniques are predominantly used. But methods involving system analysis are capable of providing more reliable information, especially for predictive applications of supervision. System analysis involves comprehensive analytical models combined with techniques developed in control theory, and experimental modal analysis. The primary objective of this research is to develop a methodology to monitor critical physical parameters of mechanical systems, which are difficult to measure directly. These parameters are inherent features of constitutive rigid body models. A method for computer aided model generation developed in this thesis leads to a gray box model structure by which physical parameters can be estimated from experimental data. Lagrange's energy formalism, linear algebra and homogenous transformations are used to promote parsimonious three-dimensional model building. A software environment allowing symbolic and arbitrary precision computations facilitates efficient mapping of physical properties of the actual system into specific quantities of the analytical model. Six different methods are postulated and analyzed in this thesis to estimate physical parameters such as masses, stiffnesses and damping coefficients. Implementation of this methodology is a prerequisite for the design of an on-line monitoring and diagnosis system, which can detect and predict process faults. Two mechanical systems are used to validate the proposed methods: (1) A simple multi degree-of-freedom (MDOF) system and (2) a machine tool spindle assembly. A practical application of physical parameter estimation is proposed for preload monitoring in high-speed spindles. Preload variations in the bearing can lead to thermal instability and bearing seizure. The feasibility of using accelerometers located on the spindle housing to estimate bearing preload is evaluated. The optimal environment for continuation of this research is collaboration with machine tool companies to incorporate the proposed methodology (or parts of it) into current design practices. Close

• 36. [Article] Assessment of the vulnerability of Oregon and Washington's natural areas to climate change

  There are currently more than 580 natural areas in Oregon and Washington managed by 20 federal, state, local, and private agencies and organizations. The natural areas network is unparalleled in its representation ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Assessment of the vulnerability of Oregon and Washington's natural areas to climate change Author: Margaret, Massie H. There are currently more than 580 natural areas in Oregon and Washington managed by 20 federal, state, local, and private agencies and organizations. The natural areas network is unparalleled in its representation of diverse ecosystems found in the region and may be an excellent collection of sites for monitoring long-term ecological responses to climate change. The goal of this research was to build a framework for a climate change monitoring program for the Pacific Northwest based on natural areas. Objectives were to (1) describe strengths of the existing natural areas network for representing effects of climate change by conducting a proportionality assessment and (2) determine which subset of natural areas have the best potential to detect change over the long term. Findings show that natural areas were generally representative and proportional compared to the Pacific Northwest. Subsets of natural areas were prioritized for long-term monitoring efforts through bioclimatic modelling based on the current and projected (2020s, 2050s, 2080s) outputs from 13 future climate models from ClimateWNA and the Random Forest approach. Projection consensus showed a substantial range increase in suitable climate for warmer adapted forest types coupled with a contraction in cooler forest types. The results highlight the potential stress of climate change on ecosystems across the region and the need for management strategies to adapt to this uncertainty. Title: Assessment of the vulnerability of Oregon and Washington's natural areas to climate change Author: Margaret, Massie H. There are currently more than 580 natural areas in Oregon and Washington managed by 20 federal, state, local, and private agencies and organizations. The natural areas network is unparalleled in its representation of diverse ecosystems found in the region and may be an excellent collection of sites for monitoring long-term ecological responses to climate change. The goal of this research was to build a framework for a climate change monitoring program for the Pacific Northwest based on natural areas. Objectives were to (1) describe strengths of the existing natural areas network for representing effects of climate change by conducting a proportionality assessment and (2) determine which subset of natural areas have the best potential to detect change over the long term. Findings show that natural areas were generally representative and proportional compared to the Pacific Northwest. Subsets of natural areas were prioritized for long-term monitoring efforts through bioclimatic modelling based on the current and projected (2020s, 2050s, 2080s) outputs from 13 future climate models from ClimateWNA and the Random Forest approach. Projection consensus showed a substantial range increase in suitable climate for warmer adapted forest types coupled with a contraction in cooler forest types. The results highlight the potential stress of climate change on ecosystems across the region and the need for management strategies to adapt to this uncertainty. Close

• 37. [Article] Molecular Analysis of Environmental Water Samples as a Monitoring Method for the Fish Parasite Ichthyophthirius multifiliis

  Parasites are ubiquitous members of ecological communities, capable of contributing to the decline of vulnerable populations. Therefore, monitoring parasite level is a critical component for host management. ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Molecular Analysis of Environmental Water Samples as a Monitoring Method for the Fish Parasite Ichthyophthirius multifiliis Author: Howell, Claire K. Parasites are ubiquitous members of ecological communities, capable of contributing to the decline of vulnerable populations. Therefore, monitoring parasite level is a critical component for host management. Molecular tools, such as quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), can be valuable additions to monitoring protocols that assess parasitic disease risk to hosts. To be successful, monitoring protocols must capture biologically relevant environmental data, and relate that data to disease risk. This project assesses the application of molecular analysis of environmental water samples for monitoring the ciliate protozoan Ichthyophthirius multifiliis (Ich) in the Klamath River, CA. Ich is an economically and ecologically significant parasite of freshwater fishes, and has contributed to mortality of pre-spawning adult salmon throughout the Pacific Northwest, including in the Klamath River. Chapter 1 introduces the study site (the lower Klamath River, CA), host population of concern (Klamath River salmonids), parasite of interest (Ich), and primary molecular technique (qPCR). Chapter 2 describes the development and validation of a qPCR assay targeting the SSU rDNA of Ich, as well as the initial application of the assay to environmental water samples. Chapter 3 presents a field application of the sampling method. Chapters 2 and 3 demonstrate the assay’s potential to inform the management of Ich infections in the Klamath River. Chapter 4 compares the genetic variation of Ich isolates published in GenBank, and those collected from pet shops (OR) and natural rivers (CA) (primarily the Klamath River) at the cox1 and SSU gene loci. This research indicates that qPCR analysis of environmental water samples could be a valuable monitoring tool for waterborne Ich in the Klamath River. Title: Molecular Analysis of Environmental Water Samples as a Monitoring Method for the Fish Parasite Ichthyophthirius multifiliis Author: Howell, Claire K. Parasites are ubiquitous members of ecological communities, capable of contributing to the decline of vulnerable populations. Therefore, monitoring parasite level is a critical component for host management. Molecular tools, such as quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), can be valuable additions to monitoring protocols that assess parasitic disease risk to hosts. To be successful, monitoring protocols must capture biologically relevant environmental data, and relate that data to disease risk. This project assesses the application of molecular analysis of environmental water samples for monitoring the ciliate protozoan Ichthyophthirius multifiliis (Ich) in the Klamath River, CA. Ich is an economically and ecologically significant parasite of freshwater fishes, and has contributed to mortality of pre-spawning adult salmon throughout the Pacific Northwest, including in the Klamath River. Chapter 1 introduces the study site (the lower Klamath River, CA), host population of concern (Klamath River salmonids), parasite of interest (Ich), and primary molecular technique (qPCR). Chapter 2 describes the development and validation of a qPCR assay targeting the SSU rDNA of Ich, as well as the initial application of the assay to environmental water samples. Chapter 3 presents a field application of the sampling method. Chapters 2 and 3 demonstrate the assay’s potential to inform the management of Ich infections in the Klamath River. Chapter 4 compares the genetic variation of Ich isolates published in GenBank, and those collected from pet shops (OR) and natural rivers (CA) (primarily the Klamath River) at the cox1 and SSU gene loci. This research indicates that qPCR analysis of environmental water samples could be a valuable monitoring tool for waterborne Ich in the Klamath River. Close

• 38. [Article] Monitoring design for riparian forests in the Pacific Northwest : research plan

  The goal of this project is to recommend a broadly-acceptale efficient and effective methodology for characterizing streamside riparian attributes in forested settings at the site grain for regional monitoring. ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Monitoring design for riparian forests in the Pacific Northwest : research plan Author: Bollman, Mike, National Health and Environmental Effects Laboratory., Oregon State University, Stepp, Jennifer, United States. Environmental Protection Agency. ǂb Office of Research and Development, United States. Forest Service, Barker, Jerry R., Bradshaw, Gay, Ringold, Paul L., Cline, Steven Paul, Carson, Ward, Dynamac Corporation, Fiorella, Maria R. The goal of this project is to recommend a broadly-acceptale efficient and effective methodology for characterizing streamside riparian attributes in forested settings at the site grain for regional monitoring. The authors consider monitoring design in the context of three interacting constraints: ecological functions, capabilities of technologies, and user needs. The focus is on fine grained remote methods. Comparison between candidate selected monitoring systems provides for an initial formulation of a monitoring design. A series of evaluations of these initial formulations provides for an initial recommendation. With the state's interest in the status of coastal fishes, and the programmatic interest of EPA's Western Ecology Division, the areas selected for study are in the Oregon coastal province and the Willamette basin. Title: Monitoring design for riparian forests in the Pacific Northwest : research plan Author: Bollman, Mike, National Health and Environmental Effects Laboratory., Oregon State University, Stepp, Jennifer, United States. Environmental Protection Agency. ǂb Office of Research and Development, United States. Forest Service, Barker, Jerry R., Bradshaw, Gay, Ringold, Paul L., Cline, Steven Paul, Carson, Ward, Dynamac Corporation, Fiorella, Maria R. The goal of this project is to recommend a broadly-acceptale efficient and effective methodology for characterizing streamside riparian attributes in forested settings at the site grain for regional monitoring. The authors consider monitoring design in the context of three interacting constraints: ecological functions, capabilities of technologies, and user needs. The focus is on fine grained remote methods. Comparison between candidate selected monitoring systems provides for an initial formulation of a monitoring design. A series of evaluations of these initial formulations provides for an initial recommendation. With the state's interest in the status of coastal fishes, and the programmatic interest of EPA's Western Ecology Division, the areas selected for study are in the Oregon coastal province and the Willamette basin. Close

• 39. [Article] The design and development of the wearable health and activity monitor

  This work describes the development of an accurate, low-cost, expandable and wearable health and activity monitoring platform. Wearable monitors used to track physical activity are becoming an increasingly ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The design and development of the wearable health and activity monitor Author: Glover, Neil E. This work describes the development of an accurate, low-cost, expandable and wearable health and activity monitoring platform. Wearable monitors used to track physical activity are becoming an increasingly popular and effective way to combat our dangerously sedentary lifestyles. Unfortunately most existing wearable solutions are either costly, inaccurate or cumbersome. The goal of this research was to design and create an activity and health monitor that balances wearability, price, efficiency, functionality and accuracy in order to create the most useful device. The development of a custom hardware platform, specialized firmware and a unique iOS application framework enabled the creation of a complete system capable of being used in various applications. The use of a limited number of highly integrated components, miniaturized PCBs and a modular system design led to the creation of thin, dime-sized main board weighing just 9.5 grams and costing less than $25, which can be easily integrated into an article of clothing. Specialized firmware enables this main board to interface with a variety of sensors, both analog and digital, providing accurate data collection and wireless BLE connectivity for at least 100 hours of continuous use in any mode. Initial results show that the system is capable of gathering, transmitting and displaying highly accurate data about the users heart rate, number of steps taken, distance traveled on foot. Title: The design and development of the wearable health and activity monitor Author: Glover, Neil E. This work describes the development of an accurate, low-cost, expandable and wearable health and activity monitoring platform. Wearable monitors used to track physical activity are becoming an increasingly popular and effective way to combat our dangerously sedentary lifestyles. Unfortunately most existing wearable solutions are either costly, inaccurate or cumbersome. The goal of this research was to design and create an activity and health monitor that balances wearability, price, efficiency, functionality and accuracy in order to create the most useful device. The development of a custom hardware platform, specialized firmware and a unique iOS application framework enabled the creation of a complete system capable of being used in various applications. The use of a limited number of highly integrated components, miniaturized PCBs and a modular system design led to the creation of thin, dime-sized main board weighing just 9.5 grams and costing less than $25, which can be easily integrated into an article of clothing. Specialized firmware enables this main board to interface with a variety of sensors, both analog and digital, providing accurate data collection and wireless BLE connectivity for at least 100 hours of continuous use in any mode. Initial results show that the system is capable of gathering, transmitting and displaying highly accurate data about the users heart rate, number of steps taken, distance traveled on foot. Close

• 40. [Article] The Distribution and Reproductive Success of the Western Snowy Plover along the Oregon Coast - 2014

  We monitored the distribution, abundance and productivity of the federally threatened Western Snowy Plover (Charadrius nivosus nivosus) along the Oregon coast from 1 April – 15 September 2014. From north ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The Distribution and Reproductive Success of the Western Snowy Plover along the Oregon Coast - 2014 Author: Farrar, J. Daniel, Kotaich, Adam A., Castelein, Kathleen, Lauten, David J., Gaines, Eleanor P. We monitored the distribution, abundance and productivity of the federally threatened Western Snowy Plover (Charadrius nivosus nivosus) along the Oregon coast from 1 April – 15 September 2014. From north to south, we surveyed and monitored plover activity at Sutton Beach, Siltcoos River estuary, the Dunes Overlook, North and South Tahkenitch Creek, Tenmile Creek, Coos Bay North Spit, Bandon Snowy Plover Management Area, New River HRA and adjacent lands, and Floras Lake. Our objectives in 2014 were to: 1) estimate the size of the adult Snowy Plover population along the Oregon coast, 2) locate plover nests, 3) determine nest success, 4) use mini-exclosures (MEs) to protect nests from predators as needed, 5) determine fledging success, 6) monitor brood movements, and 7) collect general observational data about predators. We observed an estimated 338 adult Snowy Plovers; a minimum of 280 individuals were known to have nested. The adult plover population was the highest estimate recorded since monitoring began in 1990. We monitored 346 nests in 2014. Overall apparent nest success was 60%. Nest failures were attributed to unknown depredation, unknown cause, mammalian depredation, abandonment, wind/weather, one-egg nests, avian depredation, overwashed, infertility, and corvid depredation. We monitored 221 broods, including 12 from unknown nests, and documented a minimum of 272 fledglings. Overall brood success was 77%, fledging success was 48%, and 1.68 fledglings per male were produced. Title: The Distribution and Reproductive Success of the Western Snowy Plover along the Oregon Coast - 2014 Author: Farrar, J. Daniel, Kotaich, Adam A., Castelein, Kathleen, Lauten, David J., Gaines, Eleanor P. We monitored the distribution, abundance and productivity of the federally threatened Western Snowy Plover (Charadrius nivosus nivosus) along the Oregon coast from 1 April – 15 September 2014. From north to south, we surveyed and monitored plover activity at Sutton Beach, Siltcoos River estuary, the Dunes Overlook, North and South Tahkenitch Creek, Tenmile Creek, Coos Bay North Spit, Bandon Snowy Plover Management Area, New River HRA and adjacent lands, and Floras Lake. Our objectives in 2014 were to: 1) estimate the size of the adult Snowy Plover population along the Oregon coast, 2) locate plover nests, 3) determine nest success, 4) use mini-exclosures (MEs) to protect nests from predators as needed, 5) determine fledging success, 6) monitor brood movements, and 7) collect general observational data about predators. We observed an estimated 338 adult Snowy Plovers; a minimum of 280 individuals were known to have nested. The adult plover population was the highest estimate recorded since monitoring began in 1990. We monitored 346 nests in 2014. Overall apparent nest success was 60%. Nest failures were attributed to unknown depredation, unknown cause, mammalian depredation, abandonment, wind/weather, one-egg nests, avian depredation, overwashed, infertility, and corvid depredation. We monitored 221 broods, including 12 from unknown nests, and documented a minimum of 272 fledglings. Overall brood success was 77%, fledging success was 48%, and 1.68 fledglings per male were produced. Close

• 41. [Article] VegNet regional pest monitoring program: Research report to the Agricultural Research Foundation for 2008

  VegNet is a regional pest monitoring and reporting network serving the Oregon processed vegetable industry, managed by the OSU Extension Service, and funded by the Oregon Processed Vegetable Commission. ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: VegNet regional pest monitoring program: Research report to the Agricultural Research Foundation for 2008 Author: McGrath, Daniel VegNet is a regional pest monitoring and reporting network serving the Oregon processed vegetable industry, managed by the OSU Extension Service, and funded by the Oregon Processed Vegetable Commission. In the early spring of 2008, a variety of insect traps were placed on cooperating farms in vegetable production areas around the Willamette Basin and maintained during the growing season. At each cooperating farm, selected fields were scouted for immature insects (aphids and the larvae of cabbage looper, cabbage white butterfly, diamondback moth, Bertha armyworm, black cutworm, corn ear worm, and 12 spot beetles to confirm the correlation between trap counts and actual egg laying events. Title: VegNet regional pest monitoring program: Research report to the Agricultural Research Foundation for 2008 Author: McGrath, Daniel VegNet is a regional pest monitoring and reporting network serving the Oregon processed vegetable industry, managed by the OSU Extension Service, and funded by the Oregon Processed Vegetable Commission. In the early spring of 2008, a variety of insect traps were placed on cooperating farms in vegetable production areas around the Willamette Basin and maintained during the growing season. At each cooperating farm, selected fields were scouted for immature insects (aphids and the larvae of cabbage looper, cabbage white butterfly, diamondback moth, Bertha armyworm, black cutworm, corn ear worm, and 12 spot beetles to confirm the correlation between trap counts and actual egg laying events. Close

• 42. [Article] VegNet regional pest monitoring program: Research report to the Agricultural Research Foundation for 2007

  VegNet is a regional pest monitoring and reporting network serving the Oregon processed vegetable industry, managed by the OSU Extension Service, and funded by the Oregon Processed Vegetable Commission. ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: VegNet regional pest monitoring program: Research report to the Agricultural Research Foundation for 2007 Author: McGrath, Daniel VegNet is a regional pest monitoring and reporting network serving the Oregon processed vegetable industry, managed by the OSU Extension Service, and funded by the Oregon Processed Vegetable Commission. In the early spring of 2007, a variety of insect traps were placed on cooperating farms in vegetable production areas around the Willamette Basin and maintained during the growing season. At each cooperating farm, selected fields will be scouted for immature insects (aphids and the larvae of cabbage looper, cabbage white butterfly, diamondback moth, Bertha armyworm, black cutworm, corn ear worm, and 12 spot beetles to confirm the correlation between trap counts and actual egg laying events (“ground truth”). Title: VegNet regional pest monitoring program: Research report to the Agricultural Research Foundation for 2007 Author: McGrath, Daniel VegNet is a regional pest monitoring and reporting network serving the Oregon processed vegetable industry, managed by the OSU Extension Service, and funded by the Oregon Processed Vegetable Commission. In the early spring of 2007, a variety of insect traps were placed on cooperating farms in vegetable production areas around the Willamette Basin and maintained during the growing season. At each cooperating farm, selected fields will be scouted for immature insects (aphids and the larvae of cabbage looper, cabbage white butterfly, diamondback moth, Bertha armyworm, black cutworm, corn ear worm, and 12 spot beetles to confirm the correlation between trap counts and actual egg laying events (“ground truth”). Close

• 43. [Article] Cloud-Enabled Health Monitoring on an Android Device

  Constant and reliable health monitoring can help doctors provide higher quality health care to meet the growing needs of the medical industry. The advent of cloud computing has enabled low-cost sensor ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Cloud-Enabled Health Monitoring on an Android Device Author: Howe, Tyler Daniel Constant and reliable health monitoring can help doctors provide higher quality health care to meet the growing needs of the medical industry. The advent of cloud computing has enabled low-cost sensor devices that can process their data in real-time without powerful onboard hardware. Using an Android smartphone, medical data can be collected and uploaded to a cloud server with ease. The project described will enable many more devices to collect data and synchronize with the cloud without the need for a separate internet connection. A visualization of user activity level is used to demonstrate the power of cloud-connectivity Title: Cloud-Enabled Health Monitoring on an Android Device Author: Howe, Tyler Daniel Constant and reliable health monitoring can help doctors provide higher quality health care to meet the growing needs of the medical industry. The advent of cloud computing has enabled low-cost sensor devices that can process their data in real-time without powerful onboard hardware. Using an Android smartphone, medical data can be collected and uploaded to a cloud server with ease. The project described will enable many more devices to collect data and synchronize with the cloud without the need for a separate internet connection. A visualization of user activity level is used to demonstrate the power of cloud-connectivity Close

• 44. [Article] Socio-Economic Measures for Intensively Monitoring Watersheds: The Middle Fork John Day Effectiveness Monitoring Project: Year 2 Report

  This report describes the accomplishments in the second and final year of a project to develop a set of measures to monitor the socio-economic effects on the local community of the stream restoration efforts ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Socio-Economic Measures for Intensively Monitoring Watersheds: The Middle Fork John Day Effectiveness Monitoring Project: Year 2 Report Author: Institute for Natural Resources, Lurie, Susan, Hibbard, Michael, Institute for Policy Research and Innovation This report describes the accomplishments in the second and final year of a project to develop a set of measures to monitor the socio-economic effects on the local community of the stream restoration efforts on the upper Middle Fork John Day River. A panel of Grant County residents helped develop the following metrics to reflect locally specific issues and interests. Title: Socio-Economic Measures for Intensively Monitoring Watersheds: The Middle Fork John Day Effectiveness Monitoring Project: Year 2 Report Author: Institute for Natural Resources, Lurie, Susan, Hibbard, Michael, Institute for Policy Research and Innovation This report describes the accomplishments in the second and final year of a project to develop a set of measures to monitor the socio-economic effects on the local community of the stream restoration efforts on the upper Middle Fork John Day River. A panel of Grant County residents helped develop the following metrics to reflect locally specific issues and interests. Close

• 45. [Article] Development of a Whole Blood Paper-Based Device for Phenylalanine Detection in the Context of PKU Therapy Monitoring

  This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by the author(s) and published by MDPI. The published article can be found at: http://www.mdpi.com/journal/micromachines

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Development of a Whole Blood Paper-Based Device for Phenylalanine Detection in the Context of PKU Therapy Monitoring Author: Fu, Elain, Robinson, Robert, Monnat, Raymond J. Jr, Wong, Liam This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by the author(s) and published by MDPI. The published article can be found at: http://www.mdpi.com/journal/micromachines Title: Development of a Whole Blood Paper-Based Device for Phenylalanine Detection in the Context of PKU Therapy Monitoring Author: Fu, Elain, Robinson, Robert, Monnat, Raymond J. Jr, Wong, Liam This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by the author(s) and published by MDPI. The published article can be found at: http://www.mdpi.com/journal/micromachines Close

• 46. [Article] 2012 Annual Operations & Monitoring Report: North Energy Test Site

  The first wave energy test at the Northwest National Marine Renewable Energy Center’s (NNMREC) North Energy Test Site (NETS) off the coast of Newport, OR took place in 2012 with the deployment of the WET-NZ ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: 2012 Annual Operations & Monitoring Report: North Energy Test Site Author: Henkel, Sarah K., Haxel, Joseph H., Hofford, Anna, Schultz, Adam The first wave energy test at the Northwest National Marine Renewable Energy Center’s (NNMREC) North Energy Test Site (NETS) off the coast of Newport, OR took place in 2012 with the deployment of the WET-NZ wave energy conversion (WEC) device and the Ocean Sentinel instrumentation buoy. The WET-NZ and Ocean Sentinel were deployed from late August to early October 2012; several monitoring surveys were performed at the test site prior to, during and after the deployment. The main body of this revised report (Section 2: Monitoring & Thresholds) includes a more thorough comparison of the monitoring results to the 2012 WET-NZ/ Ocean Sentinel AMP thresholds and AMF thresholds. Finally, general findings and considerations for potential modifications to adaptive mitigation and adaptive management provisions are provided in Section 4: Overall Conclusions & Recommendations. It is important to note that the considerations and recommendations in this report have been provided by NNMREC and do not constitute any changes to the Adaptive Management Framework. Title: 2012 Annual Operations & Monitoring Report: North Energy Test Site Author: Henkel, Sarah K., Haxel, Joseph H., Hofford, Anna, Schultz, Adam The first wave energy test at the Northwest National Marine Renewable Energy Center’s (NNMREC) North Energy Test Site (NETS) off the coast of Newport, OR took place in 2012 with the deployment of the WET-NZ wave energy conversion (WEC) device and the Ocean Sentinel instrumentation buoy. The WET-NZ and Ocean Sentinel were deployed from late August to early October 2012; several monitoring surveys were performed at the test site prior to, during and after the deployment. The main body of this revised report (Section 2: Monitoring & Thresholds) includes a more thorough comparison of the monitoring results to the 2012 WET-NZ/ Ocean Sentinel AMP thresholds and AMF thresholds. Finally, general findings and considerations for potential modifications to adaptive mitigation and adaptive management provisions are provided in Section 4: Overall Conclusions & Recommendations. It is important to note that the considerations and recommendations in this report have been provided by NNMREC and do not constitute any changes to the Adaptive Management Framework. Close

• 47. [Article] Evaluation of different monitoring strategies for public health protection : harmful algal bloom surveillance at Devils Lake, Lincoln City, OR

  Cyanobacteria are photosynthetic bacteria capable of producing toxins, including complex cyclic peptides called microcystins. Hazardous cyanobacterial blooms are an emerging public health concern and are ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Evaluation of different monitoring strategies for public health protection : harmful algal bloom surveillance at Devils Lake, Lincoln City, OR Author: Hitchko, Kara Leeann Cyanobacteria are photosynthetic bacteria capable of producing toxins, including complex cyclic peptides called microcystins. Hazardous cyanobacterial blooms are an emerging public health concern and are monitored throughout Oregon in various recreational and drinking water bodies. Oregon has been proactive and responsive to the problems associated with toxic cyanobacterial blooms, but monitoring is challenging due to the heterogeneity of cyanobacteria blooms. The guidelines provided by state and international agencies are specific for some aspects of monitoring, but lack specificity in other areas. The specific aims of this study were to: 1) characterize the temporal and spatial distribution of microcystin in Devils Lake over the course of a cyanobacterial bloom, 2) evaluate the effectiveness of different monitoring strategies to assess the temporal and spatial occurrence of microcystin in Devils Lake in excess of public health guideline values and, 3) compare the strategies examined in this study to existing guidelines and provide an approach for harmful algal bloom surveillance in recreational waters in Oregon. Microcystin was first detected in Devils Lake on July 8, when Microcystis and Anabaena were first observed in a plankton sample. The seasonal maximum concentration (22.8 µg/L) occurred a month later on August 5. All samples were at or below the limit of detection by October 1. Microcystin distribution in Devils Lake was heterogeneous and variable, including inconsistent results between morning and afternoon microcystin concentrations. Based on these data, specific recommendations were developed regarding the type of samples that should be included in a monitoring plan and the number of samples to be collected at each site. Recommendations were also highlighted regarding sample frequency and duration. This research confirmed the importance of collecting a vertically integrated sample when genera that are capable of regulating buoyancy are present. Our data also supported including a plankton analysis in weekly visual site inspections, a method of monitoring that is currently underutilized in most guidelines. In addition, data indicated toxin analysis might be required more frequently than implied by current guidelines. These results, while limited to one site and sample season, should be considered in public health surveillance programs for potentially harmful cyanobacteria. Title: Evaluation of different monitoring strategies for public health protection : harmful algal bloom surveillance at Devils Lake, Lincoln City, OR Author: Hitchko, Kara Leeann Cyanobacteria are photosynthetic bacteria capable of producing toxins, including complex cyclic peptides called microcystins. Hazardous cyanobacterial blooms are an emerging public health concern and are monitored throughout Oregon in various recreational and drinking water bodies. Oregon has been proactive and responsive to the problems associated with toxic cyanobacterial blooms, but monitoring is challenging due to the heterogeneity of cyanobacteria blooms. The guidelines provided by state and international agencies are specific for some aspects of monitoring, but lack specificity in other areas. The specific aims of this study were to: 1) characterize the temporal and spatial distribution of microcystin in Devils Lake over the course of a cyanobacterial bloom, 2) evaluate the effectiveness of different monitoring strategies to assess the temporal and spatial occurrence of microcystin in Devils Lake in excess of public health guideline values and, 3) compare the strategies examined in this study to existing guidelines and provide an approach for harmful algal bloom surveillance in recreational waters in Oregon. Microcystin was first detected in Devils Lake on July 8, when Microcystis and Anabaena were first observed in a plankton sample. The seasonal maximum concentration (22.8 µg/L) occurred a month later on August 5. All samples were at or below the limit of detection by October 1. Microcystin distribution in Devils Lake was heterogeneous and variable, including inconsistent results between morning and afternoon microcystin concentrations. Based on these data, specific recommendations were developed regarding the type of samples that should be included in a monitoring plan and the number of samples to be collected at each site. Recommendations were also highlighted regarding sample frequency and duration. This research confirmed the importance of collecting a vertically integrated sample when genera that are capable of regulating buoyancy are present. Our data also supported including a plankton analysis in weekly visual site inspections, a method of monitoring that is currently underutilized in most guidelines. In addition, data indicated toxin analysis might be required more frequently than implied by current guidelines. These results, while limited to one site and sample season, should be considered in public health surveillance programs for potentially harmful cyanobacteria. Close

• 48. [Article] Vegnet regional pest monitoring: Research report to the Agricultural Research Foundation, 2005

  Part 1: Bean mold project: What is an effective alternative to Ronilan for control of gray and white mold in snap beans when mold pressure is severe? When can we use a less expensive single fungicide ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Vegnet regional pest monitoring: Research report to the Agricultural Research Foundation, 2005 Author: McGrath, Daniel Part 1: Bean mold project: What is an effective alternative to Ronilan for control of gray and white mold in snap beans when mold pressure is severe? When can we use a less expensive single fungicide application without putting the bean crop at significant risk? Part 2: 12 Spot Beetle Project: By tracking the regional population trends for the twelve spot beetle, we can reduce field scouting. Regional population trends tell a grower or agricultural professional when it pays to sweep and reduces risk of a no spray decision. Part 3: Regional Pest Monitoring: Pest monitoring stations were established and maintained on farms in the major vegetable production regions of the Willamette Valley. Pest population trends were communicated to growers and agricultural professionals by fax and email as needed Title: Vegnet regional pest monitoring: Research report to the Agricultural Research Foundation, 2005 Author: McGrath, Daniel Part 1: Bean mold project: What is an effective alternative to Ronilan for control of gray and white mold in snap beans when mold pressure is severe? When can we use a less expensive single fungicide application without putting the bean crop at significant risk? Part 2: 12 Spot Beetle Project: By tracking the regional population trends for the twelve spot beetle, we can reduce field scouting. Regional population trends tell a grower or agricultural professional when it pays to sweep and reduces risk of a no spray decision. Part 3: Regional Pest Monitoring: Pest monitoring stations were established and maintained on farms in the major vegetable production regions of the Willamette Valley. Pest population trends were communicated to growers and agricultural professionals by fax and email as needed Close

• 49. [Article] The Necessity of Observer Programs in the World’s Fisheries

  The marine environment is experiencing increased human-induced stress, compounded by natural and human-induced (global warming) climatic changes. “Freedom of the sea” is no longer a viable option as marine ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The Necessity of Observer Programs in the World’s Fisheries Author: Mitchell, Elizabeth A. Year: 2001 The marine environment is experiencing increased human-induced stress, compounded by natural and human-induced (global warming) climatic changes. “Freedom of the sea” is no longer a viable option as marine resources become increasingly scarce. Both fishermen and managers must work cooperatively and diligently to monitor the existing limited resources. In order to effectively monitor a fishery, managers need to quantify how much is removed from the sea. Observer programs are the best way to achieve this objective and without them, managers are operating on guesswork. Observer data is used throughout the globe by conservation groups, international agencies, economists, and a wide array of scientists. Almost all of the catch values from commercial fishing vessels cited in publications by these institutions originate from observer program data. Self-reporting of catch data has proven to be inaccurate and ineffective in monitoring stocks. This is because most fishermen are concentrating on commercially valuable species, boat maintenance and compliance to those regulations that are easily and most often checked by enforcement officials. There is a prevailing naivety throughout societies regarding the true cost of eating fish. This must be addressed by fisheries economists so that vital monitoring systems don't fall by the wayside. Title: The Necessity of Observer Programs in the World’s Fisheries Author: Mitchell, Elizabeth A. Year: 2001 The marine environment is experiencing increased human-induced stress, compounded by natural and human-induced (global warming) climatic changes. “Freedom of the sea” is no longer a viable option as marine resources become increasingly scarce. Both fishermen and managers must work cooperatively and diligently to monitor the existing limited resources. In order to effectively monitor a fishery, managers need to quantify how much is removed from the sea. Observer programs are the best way to achieve this objective and without them, managers are operating on guesswork. Observer data is used throughout the globe by conservation groups, international agencies, economists, and a wide array of scientists. Almost all of the catch values from commercial fishing vessels cited in publications by these institutions originate from observer program data. Self-reporting of catch data has proven to be inaccurate and ineffective in monitoring stocks. This is because most fishermen are concentrating on commercially valuable species, boat maintenance and compliance to those regulations that are easily and most often checked by enforcement officials. There is a prevailing naivety throughout societies regarding the true cost of eating fish. This must be addressed by fisheries economists so that vital monitoring systems don't fall by the wayside. Close

• 50. [Article] Community-based sea turtle monitoring and management at Helen Reef, Hatohobei State, Republic of Palau

  Remote areas are frequently homes to regional subpopulations of endangered green sea turtles (Chelonia mydas) and their essential habitat. Local communities are often the users and primary stewards of ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Community-based sea turtle monitoring and management at Helen Reef, Hatohobei State, Republic of Palau Author: Barr, Julie M. Remote areas are frequently homes to regional subpopulations of endangered green sea turtles (Chelonia mydas) and their essential habitat. Local communities are often the users and primary stewards of this valuable and charismatic resource. Recognizing this, a Hatohobeian community group in Palau has engaged in longterm monitoring and conservation management within Helen Reef Reserve. Here, I report on and evaluate the motivations, monitoring methods, and results associated with this program. I provide recommendations for future monitoring and recovery planning of Helen green sea turtles based on field results, informal community interviews, community capacity, and existing literature. Capturemarkrecapture, nesting female observation, nest monitoring, hatch success, collection of tissue samples, and habitat assessment methods and results between April 19, 2005 and December 8, 2005 are provided. A total of 301 nests were recorded with peak nesting activity in June. All 47 nesting females were measured and tagged and 301 nests were monitored. The total minimum number of emerged hatchlings is estimated at 24,000. No correlations were found between carapace length and ii fecundity or hatch success. Additionally, 50 foraging green turtles and 6 hawksbill turtles were tagged. Limited harvests for local consumption and cultural preservation, as well as beach habitat protection emerge as the primary near term recommendations. Long term recommendations focus on continued nesting and improved habitat monitoring toward a population assessment, the creation of regional and international alliances for collaborative efforts, and use of satellite telemetry tracking to link foraging and nesting grounds of Helen turtles. I have determined several key factors influencing the successful implementation of sea turtle management and conservation at Helen in terms of (i) the structure of partnerships; (ii) scales of biological systems and capacity; (iii) relative remoteness; (iv) balance of costs and benefits; (v) adaptive capacity; and (vi) influence of traditional systems. Results of case study comparisons show that successful implementation of sea turtle conservation and management programs within the Republic of Palau is more likely when a local community drives the process and has the qualities of adaptability, capacity for truly bottomup decentralized management, recognition of valuable aspects of traditional management systems, and ability to generate tangible benefits. Lack of adaptive capacity, equitable benefits, civil society leadership; as well as, topdown management are identified as key limiting factors for successful implementation of turtle conservation and management. The Helen program emerges as a model for smallscale community conservation and management of wide ranging species demonstrating that an organic communitydriven process is fundamental to successful local endangered species management. Title: Community-based sea turtle monitoring and management at Helen Reef, Hatohobei State, Republic of Palau Author: Barr, Julie M. Remote areas are frequently homes to regional subpopulations of endangered green sea turtles (Chelonia mydas) and their essential habitat. Local communities are often the users and primary stewards of this valuable and charismatic resource. Recognizing this, a Hatohobeian community group in Palau has engaged in longterm monitoring and conservation management within Helen Reef Reserve. Here, I report on and evaluate the motivations, monitoring methods, and results associated with this program. I provide recommendations for future monitoring and recovery planning of Helen green sea turtles based on field results, informal community interviews, community capacity, and existing literature. Capturemarkrecapture, nesting female observation, nest monitoring, hatch success, collection of tissue samples, and habitat assessment methods and results between April 19, 2005 and December 8, 2005 are provided. A total of 301 nests were recorded with peak nesting activity in June. All 47 nesting females were measured and tagged and 301 nests were monitored. The total minimum number of emerged hatchlings is estimated at 24,000. No correlations were found between carapace length and ii fecundity or hatch success. Additionally, 50 foraging green turtles and 6 hawksbill turtles were tagged. Limited harvests for local consumption and cultural preservation, as well as beach habitat protection emerge as the primary near term recommendations. Long term recommendations focus on continued nesting and improved habitat monitoring toward a population assessment, the creation of regional and international alliances for collaborative efforts, and use of satellite telemetry tracking to link foraging and nesting grounds of Helen turtles. I have determined several key factors influencing the successful implementation of sea turtle management and conservation at Helen in terms of (i) the structure of partnerships; (ii) scales of biological systems and capacity; (iii) relative remoteness; (iv) balance of costs and benefits; (v) adaptive capacity; and (vi) influence of traditional systems. Results of case study comparisons show that successful implementation of sea turtle conservation and management programs within the Republic of Palau is more likely when a local community drives the process and has the qualities of adaptability, capacity for truly bottomup decentralized management, recognition of valuable aspects of traditional management systems, and ability to generate tangible benefits. Lack of adaptive capacity, equitable benefits, civil society leadership; as well as, topdown management are identified as key limiting factors for successful implementation of turtle conservation and management. The Helen program emerges as a model for smallscale community conservation and management of wide ranging species demonstrating that an organic communitydriven process is fundamental to successful local endangered species management. Close

• 51. [Article] Eyes on the Seafloor : Using Video Tools to Monitor Benthic Communities at Dredged Material Disposal Sites at the Mouth of the Columbia River

  The mouth of the Columbia River (MCR) is an intersection of more than a river and ocean, but also multiple economically valuable activities including dredging to maintain a deep draft shipping channel ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Eyes on the Seafloor : Using Video Tools to Monitor Benthic Communities at Dredged Material Disposal Sites at the Mouth of the Columbia River Author: Fields, Stephanie A. The mouth of the Columbia River (MCR) is an intersection of more than a river and ocean, but also multiple economically valuable activities including dredging to maintain a deep draft shipping channel and an active Dungeness crab (Metacarcinus magister) fishery. More than three million cubic meters of sediment are annually dredged from the MCR and disposed at designated ocean disposal sites both near and offshore. These designated sites are composed of mostly flat, soft-bottom habitat populated by demersal fish and benthic invertebrates, including Dungeness crab. Despite years of site monitoring, concerns remain about the resilience of the benthic community to dredged material disposal as no direct observations of behavioral response to dumping have been made. This research addresses these concerns with new video-based approaches to monitoring at a deep and a shallow disposal site. During the summers of 2014-2015, CamPods (baited video landers) were used to record the behavior of Dungeness crab in response to dredge disposal events at a shallow disposal site and video sleds to monitor benthic communities at both disposal sites before, during, and after disposal seasons. Past and current MCR benthic monitoring used trawling and crab pots, but video tools may be effective alternatives that provide direct visual observations of organisms in their associated habitat. The goals of this research were twofold: to determine if dredged material disposal affects benthic epifauna distributions and behavior at disposal sites, and to compare the video survey impact assessments to those of traditional monitoring tools. CamPods provided a ‘crab’s-eye’ view of a disposal event at the shallow site, documenting Dungeness being engulfed in the sediment plume and allowing for before and after relative abundance comparisons. The impact of the disposal plume appeared to be localized and temporary, with Dungeness displaced by the plume, but returning to the impact area shortly after a disposal event. Crab pots did not detect any differences in abundance between impact or control areas. Video sled footage revealed unique species associations which would not be discernible from a pile in a trawl net. At the community scale, no differences between disposal and reference sites were detected at either disposal site. Rather differences in communities were detected on a temporal scale. Trawl surveys at the deep site also detected temporally distinct communities. Title: Eyes on the Seafloor : Using Video Tools to Monitor Benthic Communities at Dredged Material Disposal Sites at the Mouth of the Columbia River Author: Fields, Stephanie A. The mouth of the Columbia River (MCR) is an intersection of more than a river and ocean, but also multiple economically valuable activities including dredging to maintain a deep draft shipping channel and an active Dungeness crab (Metacarcinus magister) fishery. More than three million cubic meters of sediment are annually dredged from the MCR and disposed at designated ocean disposal sites both near and offshore. These designated sites are composed of mostly flat, soft-bottom habitat populated by demersal fish and benthic invertebrates, including Dungeness crab. Despite years of site monitoring, concerns remain about the resilience of the benthic community to dredged material disposal as no direct observations of behavioral response to dumping have been made. This research addresses these concerns with new video-based approaches to monitoring at a deep and a shallow disposal site. During the summers of 2014-2015, CamPods (baited video landers) were used to record the behavior of Dungeness crab in response to dredge disposal events at a shallow disposal site and video sleds to monitor benthic communities at both disposal sites before, during, and after disposal seasons. Past and current MCR benthic monitoring used trawling and crab pots, but video tools may be effective alternatives that provide direct visual observations of organisms in their associated habitat. The goals of this research were twofold: to determine if dredged material disposal affects benthic epifauna distributions and behavior at disposal sites, and to compare the video survey impact assessments to those of traditional monitoring tools. CamPods provided a ‘crab’s-eye’ view of a disposal event at the shallow site, documenting Dungeness being engulfed in the sediment plume and allowing for before and after relative abundance comparisons. The impact of the disposal plume appeared to be localized and temporary, with Dungeness displaced by the plume, but returning to the impact area shortly after a disposal event. Crab pots did not detect any differences in abundance between impact or control areas. Video sled footage revealed unique species associations which would not be discernible from a pile in a trawl net. At the community scale, no differences between disposal and reference sites were detected at either disposal site. Rather differences in communities were detected on a temporal scale. Trawl surveys at the deep site also detected temporally distinct communities. Close

• 52. [Article] An evaluation of citizen volunteer monitoring initiatives in the national estuary program (NEP)

  The National Estuary Program (NEP) has as its core an excellent public involvement strategy. As a result, NEPs can be viewed as ideal financial and technical support `umbrellas' under which citizen volunteer ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: An evaluation of citizen volunteer monitoring initiatives in the national estuary program (NEP) Author: Rebele, Leo M. The National Estuary Program (NEP) has as its core an excellent public involvement strategy. As a result, NEPs can be viewed as ideal financial and technical support `umbrellas' under which citizen volunteer monitoring activities can be readily and successfully established. This study focused on individual NEPs nationally and their citizen volunteer water quality monitoring (VWQM) activities. In particular, three elements responsible for successful volunteers programs, program initiation, implementation and evaluation were examined. Under these elements, various aspects of volunteer programs were addressed, such as financial and technical support, recruitment success, volunteer training, program size, scope, parameters sampled and technology employed. Areas where volunteer programs were particularly successful and less successful were also identified. Title: An evaluation of citizen volunteer monitoring initiatives in the national estuary program (NEP) Author: Rebele, Leo M. The National Estuary Program (NEP) has as its core an excellent public involvement strategy. As a result, NEPs can be viewed as ideal financial and technical support `umbrellas' under which citizen volunteer monitoring activities can be readily and successfully established. This study focused on individual NEPs nationally and their citizen volunteer water quality monitoring (VWQM) activities. In particular, three elements responsible for successful volunteers programs, program initiation, implementation and evaluation were examined. Under these elements, various aspects of volunteer programs were addressed, such as financial and technical support, recruitment success, volunteer training, program size, scope, parameters sampled and technology employed. Areas where volunteer programs were particularly successful and less successful were also identified. Close

• 53. [Article] Performance monitoring of parallel applications at large grain level

  This thesis is an attempt to create a methodology to analyze the performance of parallel applications on a wide variety of platforms and programming environments. First we determined the monitoring functions ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Performance monitoring of parallel applications at large grain level Author: Yadav, Anil Kumar This thesis is an attempt to create a methodology to analyze the performance of parallel applications on a wide variety of platforms and programming environments. First we determined the monitoring functions required to collect traces for accurate representation of the parallel application. We used the Extended Large Grain Data Flow (E L G D F) representation of an application to determine granularity and which monitoring functions should be inserted for sufficient feedback to application designer. The monitoring routines ( real time clock access procedures ) with a common interface were developed for the Sequent [superscript] TM multiprocessor machine and the C-Linda programming environment . We also developed an Execution Profile Analyzer( E PA ) for post-processing the traces. The E P A gives feedback to the mapping and scheduling ( TaskGrapher ) tool by providing actual performance data. These tools are being developed as a part of Parallel Programming Support Environment ( P P S E) research . Results indicate that when actual grain execution time is made available to scheduling tools, accurate projections of program behavior are obtained. Title: Performance monitoring of parallel applications at large grain level Author: Yadav, Anil Kumar This thesis is an attempt to create a methodology to analyze the performance of parallel applications on a wide variety of platforms and programming environments. First we determined the monitoring functions required to collect traces for accurate representation of the parallel application. We used the Extended Large Grain Data Flow (E L G D F) representation of an application to determine granularity and which monitoring functions should be inserted for sufficient feedback to application designer. The monitoring routines ( real time clock access procedures ) with a common interface were developed for the Sequent [superscript] TM multiprocessor machine and the C-Linda programming environment . We also developed an Execution Profile Analyzer( E PA ) for post-processing the traces. The E P A gives feedback to the mapping and scheduling ( TaskGrapher ) tool by providing actual performance data. These tools are being developed as a part of Parallel Programming Support Environment ( P P S E) research . Results indicate that when actual grain execution time is made available to scheduling tools, accurate projections of program behavior are obtained. Close

• 54. [Article] Fabrication of Cost-effective Flexible Glucose Sensor for Continuous Glucose Monitoring

  Diabetes is a pandemic that affects nearly 29.1 million Americans and the fourth leading cause of mortality in the US. Type 1 diabetes is a chronic condition which occurs due to little to no production ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Fabrication of Cost-effective Flexible Glucose Sensor for Continuous Glucose Monitoring Author: Mullapudi, Sri Sai Kameswara Diabetes is a pandemic that affects nearly 29.1 million Americans and the fourth leading cause of mortality in the US. Type 1 diabetes is a chronic condition which occurs due to little to no production of insulin by the pancreas. This form of diabetes requires constant monitoring of blood glucose and administration of insulin, necessitating the need for an artificial pancreas. This work is aimed towards creating an artificial pancreas and focuses on fabrication process of a glucose sensor on a titanium clad polyimide flexible substrate. In particular, controlled laser ablation as a novel process to pattern titanium is discussed, which has broader potential applications in the field of flexible substrate processing for other bio-sensing applications. Title: Fabrication of Cost-effective Flexible Glucose Sensor for Continuous Glucose Monitoring Author: Mullapudi, Sri Sai Kameswara Diabetes is a pandemic that affects nearly 29.1 million Americans and the fourth leading cause of mortality in the US. Type 1 diabetes is a chronic condition which occurs due to little to no production of insulin by the pancreas. This form of diabetes requires constant monitoring of blood glucose and administration of insulin, necessitating the need for an artificial pancreas. This work is aimed towards creating an artificial pancreas and focuses on fabrication process of a glucose sensor on a titanium clad polyimide flexible substrate. In particular, controlled laser ablation as a novel process to pattern titanium is discussed, which has broader potential applications in the field of flexible substrate processing for other bio-sensing applications. Close

• 55. [Article] Air quality monitoring on the Tongass National Forest : methods and baselines using lichens

  R1O-TB-46

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Air quality monitoring on the Tongass National Forest : methods and baselines using lichens Author: Derr, Chiska C., Dillman, Karen L., Geiser, Linda H., United States. Forest Service. Alaska Region. Stikine Area. R1O-TB-46 Title: Air quality monitoring on the Tongass National Forest : methods and baselines using lichens Author: Derr, Chiska C., Dillman, Karen L., Geiser, Linda H., United States. Forest Service. Alaska Region. Stikine Area. R1O-TB-46 Close

• 56. [Article] Regulatory Wetland Monitoring: Principles and Evolving Techniques within Washington State Department of Transportation

  The Washington State Department of Transportation (WSDOT) is the largest developer of wetlands land in the state of Washington. Consequently, they are also the largest wetland mitigation developer in the ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Regulatory Wetland Monitoring: Principles and Evolving Techniques within Washington State Department of Transportation Author: Bell, Marc The Washington State Department of Transportation (WSDOT) is the largest developer of wetlands land in the state of Washington. Consequently, they are also the largest wetland mitigation developer in the state. Through various federal legislation, state and county environmental policies, and legal court decisions, all negatively impacted wetlands must be compensated for with equal value wetland creation. The United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) is given oversight under the Clean Water Act Section 404 to regulate this policy. Permits for wetland destruction and mitigation are only issued by the USACE after steps have been taken to avoid known wetlands and all efforts to minimize the damage have been exercised. Since construction projects by WSDOT are limited by geography and existing road transportation in a region of the country with a very high density of wetland land, WSDOT increasing must compensate for wetland loss. Wetland creations involve developing wetland hydrology and specific soil conditions, which attract a specific subset of vegetation known as hydrophytic vegetation, adapted to survive and flourish within water saturated soils. Permitting from the USACE requires annual monitoring created mitigation sites for a period of 5-10 years. WSDOT Department of Wetland Monitoring exists to satisfy this legal requirement for every mitigation site in the state. WSDOT Wetland monitoring has formed a partnership with The Evergreen State College (TESC) to provide interns to collect the qualitative and quantitative data necessary for mitigation permits. The Monitoring Department gains access to TESC's plant laboratory, a ready source of internship candidates, and the reputation gained only by an alliance with an academic institution. TESC increases summer enrollment and provides an excellent professional experience to students. Each wetland site has development goals, which are monitored quantitatively, through specific performance standards each year. Monitoring teams develop site-specific sampling techniques based on sound ecological statistical experimental design parameters. In the majority of cases a baseline with orthogonal transect lines are established across the entire site. Along these transects pairs of data collectors sample to provide data on density, survival, and cover percentage of woody, herbaceous, and invasive plant species in specific zones (emergent, wetland, and buffer) of the mitigation site. Qualitatively, vegetative community sketch mapping and bird surveys give further indicators of the mitigation site's overall health and development progress. TESC's laboratory facilities are utilized by interns to identify unknown herbaceous specimens sampled during field days. This process is necessary to fully comply with USACE permitting and provides interns with an opportunity to develop robust botany and plant identification skills. The WSDOT Wetlands Monitoring Division is run on roughly half a million dollars a year. The majority of this money is salary and benefits for full time employees. The remaining pays for the internship program expenses, travel, and equipment each year. There has been an increasing trend in workloads while funding and full time labor have decreased over the last several years. These conditions have forced WSDOT to modernize and streamline workflows. The internship program has expanded over time; major efforts to increase efficiency through new technology and data collection methods have been explored and evaluated. Title: Regulatory Wetland Monitoring: Principles and Evolving Techniques within Washington State Department of Transportation Author: Bell, Marc The Washington State Department of Transportation (WSDOT) is the largest developer of wetlands land in the state of Washington. Consequently, they are also the largest wetland mitigation developer in the state. Through various federal legislation, state and county environmental policies, and legal court decisions, all negatively impacted wetlands must be compensated for with equal value wetland creation. The United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) is given oversight under the Clean Water Act Section 404 to regulate this policy. Permits for wetland destruction and mitigation are only issued by the USACE after steps have been taken to avoid known wetlands and all efforts to minimize the damage have been exercised. Since construction projects by WSDOT are limited by geography and existing road transportation in a region of the country with a very high density of wetland land, WSDOT increasing must compensate for wetland loss. Wetland creations involve developing wetland hydrology and specific soil conditions, which attract a specific subset of vegetation known as hydrophytic vegetation, adapted to survive and flourish within water saturated soils. Permitting from the USACE requires annual monitoring created mitigation sites for a period of 5-10 years. WSDOT Department of Wetland Monitoring exists to satisfy this legal requirement for every mitigation site in the state. WSDOT Wetland monitoring has formed a partnership with The Evergreen State College (TESC) to provide interns to collect the qualitative and quantitative data necessary for mitigation permits. The Monitoring Department gains access to TESC's plant laboratory, a ready source of internship candidates, and the reputation gained only by an alliance with an academic institution. TESC increases summer enrollment and provides an excellent professional experience to students. Each wetland site has development goals, which are monitored quantitatively, through specific performance standards each year. Monitoring teams develop site-specific sampling techniques based on sound ecological statistical experimental design parameters. In the majority of cases a baseline with orthogonal transect lines are established across the entire site. Along these transects pairs of data collectors sample to provide data on density, survival, and cover percentage of woody, herbaceous, and invasive plant species in specific zones (emergent, wetland, and buffer) of the mitigation site. Qualitatively, vegetative community sketch mapping and bird surveys give further indicators of the mitigation site's overall health and development progress. TESC's laboratory facilities are utilized by interns to identify unknown herbaceous specimens sampled during field days. This process is necessary to fully comply with USACE permitting and provides interns with an opportunity to develop robust botany and plant identification skills. The WSDOT Wetlands Monitoring Division is run on roughly half a million dollars a year. The majority of this money is salary and benefits for full time employees. The remaining pays for the internship program expenses, travel, and equipment each year. There has been an increasing trend in workloads while funding and full time labor have decreased over the last several years. These conditions have forced WSDOT to modernize and streamline workflows. The internship program has expanded over time; major efforts to increase efficiency through new technology and data collection methods have been explored and evaluated. Close

• 57. [Article] Hatfield Marine Science Center Dynamic Revetment Project DSL permit # 45455-FP: Final Monitoring Report February, 2016

  Stabilization of the Yaquina Bay shoreline along the northeastern edge of the Hatfield Marine Science Center (HMSC) campus in Newport, Oregon became necessary to halt erosion that threatened both HMSC ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Hatfield Marine Science Center Dynamic Revetment Project DSL permit # 45455-FP: Final Monitoring Report February, 2016 Author: Allan, Jonathan, Folger, Christina, Cowen, Robert, Arbuckle, Scarlett, Nelson, Walter Stabilization of the Yaquina Bay shoreline along the northeastern edge of the Hatfield Marine Science Center (HMSC) campus in Newport, Oregon became necessary to halt erosion that threatened both HMSC critical infrastructure (seawater storage tank) and public access to the HMSC Nature Trail. A Dynamic Revetment (gravel beach) was installed in November, 2011 on 260 feet of shoreline to mitigate erosion. Shoreline topographic and biological monitoring was initiated before and has continued after the project completion. Monitoring of beach profiles indicated that as of January 2016 the 2011 Dynamic Revetment Project (DRP) has generally successfully stabilized the shoreline in the project area. Beach profile data also indicated that a 200-ft DRP constructed in 2007 continued to be successful in stabilizing further retreat of the shoreline. In both areas, some loss of gravel at the top of the shore profile due to overtopping of the beach during highest tides was noted, and some additional placement of gravel at these locations is recommended. As a result of the rapid erosion that continued through much of 2015 in the adjacent Reference beach area, an extension of the 2011 DRP project to the south was completed during February 2015. This extension converted the Reference area used for monitoring the 2011 project into an additional gravel beach area (DRP 2015), which clearly differed from its previous characteristics. However, given the highly eroded condition of the Reference area in 2013-2014, the transition may have actually improved conditions for some monitored parameters (e.g. wrack invertebrates). Monitoring of beach wrack invertebrates, fish, and vegetation was conducted in 2015 for the fifth and last year. The Reference (DRP 2015) area had significantly higher abundance per unit dry wt versus both the DRP (2011) and DRP Reference (2007) samples. In contrast to previous years when the total amount of beach wrack was much sparser in the Reference area due to the eroded shore profile, there was little apparent difference in wrack accumulation along the shoreline. As has been a consistent pattern, fish were significantly more abundant in the Reference area compared to the DRP. However, this pattern was present in the pre-project sampling, and the Reference area may have a higher degree of physical habitat complexity. This was certainly true after the completion of the DRP 2015, where in addition to the root masses of trees that have been eroded onto the shore, six additional tree root masses were emplaced along the shoreline as an experiment. As has consistently been observed, vegetation coverage was significantly greater and presence of non-living substrata was significantly less in the Reference (DRP 2015) area as compared to the DRP. These differences are consistent with the pre-DRP 2011 project site differences, probably resulting from a low area of the shoreline which allows increased flooding and associated disturbance in the DRP back shore area. Fish and wrack invertebrates, such as beach hoppers, continue to utilize the DRP project area. Biological differences in fish and vegetation observed in the monitoring in 2015 tended to reflect differences in habitat that were present before the DRP 2011 project was implemented. Title: Hatfield Marine Science Center Dynamic Revetment Project DSL permit # 45455-FP: Final Monitoring Report February, 2016 Author: Allan, Jonathan, Folger, Christina, Cowen, Robert, Arbuckle, Scarlett, Nelson, Walter Stabilization of the Yaquina Bay shoreline along the northeastern edge of the Hatfield Marine Science Center (HMSC) campus in Newport, Oregon became necessary to halt erosion that threatened both HMSC critical infrastructure (seawater storage tank) and public access to the HMSC Nature Trail. A Dynamic Revetment (gravel beach) was installed in November, 2011 on 260 feet of shoreline to mitigate erosion. Shoreline topographic and biological monitoring was initiated before and has continued after the project completion. Monitoring of beach profiles indicated that as of January 2016 the 2011 Dynamic Revetment Project (DRP) has generally successfully stabilized the shoreline in the project area. Beach profile data also indicated that a 200-ft DRP constructed in 2007 continued to be successful in stabilizing further retreat of the shoreline. In both areas, some loss of gravel at the top of the shore profile due to overtopping of the beach during highest tides was noted, and some additional placement of gravel at these locations is recommended. As a result of the rapid erosion that continued through much of 2015 in the adjacent Reference beach area, an extension of the 2011 DRP project to the south was completed during February 2015. This extension converted the Reference area used for monitoring the 2011 project into an additional gravel beach area (DRP 2015), which clearly differed from its previous characteristics. However, given the highly eroded condition of the Reference area in 2013-2014, the transition may have actually improved conditions for some monitored parameters (e.g. wrack invertebrates). Monitoring of beach wrack invertebrates, fish, and vegetation was conducted in 2015 for the fifth and last year. The Reference (DRP 2015) area had significantly higher abundance per unit dry wt versus both the DRP (2011) and DRP Reference (2007) samples. In contrast to previous years when the total amount of beach wrack was much sparser in the Reference area due to the eroded shore profile, there was little apparent difference in wrack accumulation along the shoreline. As has been a consistent pattern, fish were significantly more abundant in the Reference area compared to the DRP. However, this pattern was present in the pre-project sampling, and the Reference area may have a higher degree of physical habitat complexity. This was certainly true after the completion of the DRP 2015, where in addition to the root masses of trees that have been eroded onto the shore, six additional tree root masses were emplaced along the shoreline as an experiment. As has consistently been observed, vegetation coverage was significantly greater and presence of non-living substrata was significantly less in the Reference (DRP 2015) area as compared to the DRP. These differences are consistent with the pre-DRP 2011 project site differences, probably resulting from a low area of the shoreline which allows increased flooding and associated disturbance in the DRP back shore area. Fish and wrack invertebrates, such as beach hoppers, continue to utilize the DRP project area. Biological differences in fish and vegetation observed in the monitoring in 2015 tended to reflect differences in habitat that were present before the DRP 2011 project was implemented. Close

• 58. [Article] Determining Attractiveness of Compounds to Improve Monitoring of Spotted Wing Drosophila, Drosophila Suzukii

  Section I: Invasive & Emerging Pests

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Determining Attractiveness of Compounds to Improve Monitoring of Spotted Wing Drosophila, Drosophila Suzukii Author: Kleiber, J.R., Lee, Jana C., Bruck, D. J. Year: 2013 Section I: Invasive & Emerging Pests Title: Determining Attractiveness of Compounds to Improve Monitoring of Spotted Wing Drosophila, Drosophila Suzukii Author: Kleiber, J.R., Lee, Jana C., Bruck, D. J. Year: 2013 Section I: Invasive & Emerging Pests Close

• 59. [Article] Monitoring methods for estuarine benthic systems

  "The purpose of this report is to present methods and procedures for monitoring estuarine benthic systems. Emphasis is given to those features of benthic systems of significant ecological importance. While ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Monitoring methods for estuarine benthic systems Author: Williamson, Kenneth J., Bella, David A., Oregon State University. Engineering Experiment Station "The purpose of this report is to present methods and procedures for monitoring estuarine benthic systems. Emphasis is given to those features of benthic systems of significant ecological importance. While the experience of the authors has been within estuarine environments, the material contained herein is relevant to a wide range of marine sediments." (From Introduction) Title: Monitoring methods for estuarine benthic systems Author: Williamson, Kenneth J., Bella, David A., Oregon State University. Engineering Experiment Station "The purpose of this report is to present methods and procedures for monitoring estuarine benthic systems. Emphasis is given to those features of benthic systems of significant ecological importance. While the experience of the authors has been within estuarine environments, the material contained herein is relevant to a wide range of marine sediments." (From Introduction) Close

• 60. [Article] Hydrologic Monitoring and Trends in the Upper Klamath Basin over the Last Decade

  Presented at The Oregon Water Conference, May 24-25, 2011, Corvallis, OR.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Hydrologic Monitoring and Trends in the Upper Klamath Basin over the Last Decade Author: Gates, Edward B., Lite Jr., Kenneth E., La Marche, Jonathan L. Year: 2011 Presented at The Oregon Water Conference, May 24-25, 2011, Corvallis, OR. Title: Hydrologic Monitoring and Trends in the Upper Klamath Basin over the Last Decade Author: Gates, Edward B., Lite Jr., Kenneth E., La Marche, Jonathan L. Year: 2011 Presented at The Oregon Water Conference, May 24-25, 2011, Corvallis, OR. Close

• 61. [Article] R-1 forest insect and disease damage survey system

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: R-1 forest insect and disease damage survey system Author: United States. Forest Service. Northern Region. State & Private Forestry, Bousfield, Wayne E. Title: R-1 forest insect and disease damage survey system Author: United States. Forest Service. Northern Region. State & Private Forestry, Bousfield, Wayne E. Close

• 62. [Article] Users guide and documentation for insect and disease damage survey (INDIDS)

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Users guide and documentation for insect and disease damage survey (INDIDS) Author: United States. Forest Service. Northern Region. State & Private Forestry, Bousfield, Wayne E., Eder, Robert G., Bennett, D. D. Title: Users guide and documentation for insect and disease damage survey (INDIDS) Author: United States. Forest Service. Northern Region. State & Private Forestry, Bousfield, Wayne E., Eder, Robert G., Bennett, D. D. Close

• 63. [Article] The Distribution and reproductive success of the Western Snowy Plover along the Oregon Coast - 2012

  This report represents ORBIC's he 23rd year of monitoring the distribution, abundance, and productivity of Snowy Plovers along the Oregon coast during the breeding season. In cooperation with federal and ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The Distribution and reproductive success of the Western Snowy Plover along the Oregon Coast - 2012 Author: Castelein, Kathleen A., Kotaich, Adam A., Lauten, David J., Farrar, J. Daniel, Gaines, Eleanor P. This report represents ORBIC's he 23rd year of monitoring the distribution, abundance, and productivity of Snowy Plovers along the Oregon coast during the breeding season. In cooperation with federal and state agencies, plover management has focused on habitat restoration and maintenance at breeding sites, non-lethal and lethal predator management, and management of human related disturbances to nesting plovers. Title: The Distribution and reproductive success of the Western Snowy Plover along the Oregon Coast - 2012 Author: Castelein, Kathleen A., Kotaich, Adam A., Lauten, David J., Farrar, J. Daniel, Gaines, Eleanor P. This report represents ORBIC's he 23rd year of monitoring the distribution, abundance, and productivity of Snowy Plovers along the Oregon coast during the breeding season. In cooperation with federal and state agencies, plover management has focused on habitat restoration and maintenance at breeding sites, non-lethal and lethal predator management, and management of human related disturbances to nesting plovers. Close

• 64. [Article] Emergency fire rehabilitation of BLM lands in the Great Basin : revegetation & monitoring

  The Bureau of Land Managements (BLM) Emergency Fire Rehabilitation (EFR) policy was developed in 1985 to encourage protection of sites from soil erosion and to minimize potential changes in vegetation ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Emergency fire rehabilitation of BLM lands in the Great Basin : revegetation & monitoring Author: McArthur, Ted O. The Bureau of Land Managements (BLM) Emergency Fire Rehabilitation (EFR) policy was developed in 1985 to encourage protection of sites from soil erosion and to minimize potential changes in vegetation communities that may result from the dominance of weedy species. To achieve the goals of EFR policy, managers often used introduced perennial grasses that established quicker and competed better with introduced annuals than did native plants. However, the change of sagebrush-grass communities to communities dominated by introduced forage grasses has led to concerns for wildlife habitat. This concern contributed to a policy change encouraging the use of native species, when available, for rehabilitation projects. This study attempts to assess the effectiveness of BLM EFR projects in meeting the stated goals of the BLM EFR policy in the Great Basin. To do this, two field offices per state were randomly selected from an inclusive list of all Great Basin field offices. In 2001, we randomly selected three EFR projects per field office from those projects that used native species. On each project site, we used a common monitoring technique in association with monitoring techniques implemented by the BLM to assess if national EFR objectives were being met. A semi-structured survey was developed to determine the potential reasons why native and introduced plants were either used or not used, why monitoring was and was not proposed, and whether monitoring was implemented in rehabilitation projects. BLM monitoring techniques did not adequately evaluate EFR goal achievement. The time it took to implement any of the BLM methods did not differ significantly from the time needed to implement the common protocol on the two projects where BLM had implemented monitoring and used native plants (F[subscript 3,12]=1.63, P=0.23). Cost to implement the common monitoring technique was minimal and it directly measured aspects of stated EFR policy goals. Vegetative cover of all natives, seeded and volunteers, contributed half of the overall cover on EFR projects and was significantly higher than sown introduced species. Invasive species were intermediate and did not differ significantly from either the natives or the introduced. The seeded species were a subset of the native or introduced classes. Composition by cover between sown native, sown introduced, and invasive species did not differ significantly. Vegetation cover increased the surface soil stability 39% of the time and subsurface stability 56% beneath the vegetation. Respondents of the survey stated that they generally use more natives and more complex seed mixtures than they did historically. Many also stated that they prefer to use native over introduced species. However, most felt that introduced species are more effective in meeting EFR goals on the degraded sites than native species. All respondents would like to access a summarized report of other rehabilitation projects. The respondents were split between accessing it through the World Wide Web or through a written report. We believe that a common database could be created and maintained on the World Wide Web if a common sampling protocol was implemented. Title: Emergency fire rehabilitation of BLM lands in the Great Basin : revegetation & monitoring Author: McArthur, Ted O. The Bureau of Land Managements (BLM) Emergency Fire Rehabilitation (EFR) policy was developed in 1985 to encourage protection of sites from soil erosion and to minimize potential changes in vegetation communities that may result from the dominance of weedy species. To achieve the goals of EFR policy, managers often used introduced perennial grasses that established quicker and competed better with introduced annuals than did native plants. However, the change of sagebrush-grass communities to communities dominated by introduced forage grasses has led to concerns for wildlife habitat. This concern contributed to a policy change encouraging the use of native species, when available, for rehabilitation projects. This study attempts to assess the effectiveness of BLM EFR projects in meeting the stated goals of the BLM EFR policy in the Great Basin. To do this, two field offices per state were randomly selected from an inclusive list of all Great Basin field offices. In 2001, we randomly selected three EFR projects per field office from those projects that used native species. On each project site, we used a common monitoring technique in association with monitoring techniques implemented by the BLM to assess if national EFR objectives were being met. A semi-structured survey was developed to determine the potential reasons why native and introduced plants were either used or not used, why monitoring was and was not proposed, and whether monitoring was implemented in rehabilitation projects. BLM monitoring techniques did not adequately evaluate EFR goal achievement. The time it took to implement any of the BLM methods did not differ significantly from the time needed to implement the common protocol on the two projects where BLM had implemented monitoring and used native plants (F[subscript 3,12]=1.63, P=0.23). Cost to implement the common monitoring technique was minimal and it directly measured aspects of stated EFR policy goals. Vegetative cover of all natives, seeded and volunteers, contributed half of the overall cover on EFR projects and was significantly higher than sown introduced species. Invasive species were intermediate and did not differ significantly from either the natives or the introduced. The seeded species were a subset of the native or introduced classes. Composition by cover between sown native, sown introduced, and invasive species did not differ significantly. Vegetation cover increased the surface soil stability 39% of the time and subsurface stability 56% beneath the vegetation. Respondents of the survey stated that they generally use more natives and more complex seed mixtures than they did historically. Many also stated that they prefer to use native over introduced species. However, most felt that introduced species are more effective in meeting EFR goals on the degraded sites than native species. All respondents would like to access a summarized report of other rehabilitation projects. The respondents were split between accessing it through the World Wide Web or through a written report. We believe that a common database could be created and maintained on the World Wide Web if a common sampling protocol was implemented. Close

• 65. [Article] Wavelet analysis : linking multi-scalar pattern detection to ecological monitoring

  Wavelet analysis is an analytical and modeling tool for optimizing sampling efficiency and accuracy, particularly in the context of designing long-term, large-scale monitoring plans. As a pattern analysis ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Wavelet analysis : linking multi-scalar pattern detection to ecological monitoring Author: Anthony, Jill Ada Marie Wavelet analysis is an analytical and modeling tool for optimizing sampling efficiency and accuracy, particularly in the context of designing long-term, large-scale monitoring plans. As a pattern analysis method that accommodates and preserves non-stationarity, wavelet analysis provides novel visualization and analytical capabilities for increased insight into interactions between multi-scalar heterogeneous pattern and sampling design. Effective monitoring must involve sampling designs sufficiently detailed to detect ecologically significant patterns at multiple scales, yet logistically tractable and resource-efficient for sustained use. For this reason, methods that help optimize these objectives and contribute to the design of more efficient sampling prior to implementation are important for successful large-scale monitoring. The main objectives in this dissertation were: (1) to explore Complexity Theory as a framework for pattern analysis in ecological monitoring for conservation of species and habitat; (2) to examine the relative capabilities of semivariogram, Fourier analysis, and onedimensional wavelet analysis to detect and classify spatio-temporal pattern in a comparison of stochastic processes, deterministic simulations, and empirical species range data for Western Meadowlarks; (3) to illustrate pattern detection and reconstruction capabilities of two-dimensional wavelet analysis in three bird species (Neotropical migrants) with varying degrees of heterogeneity (Field Sparrow, Brewer's Sparrow, and Red-eyed Vireo); and (4) to compare statistical and ecological inference and examine these approaches within the context of the statistical analyses in landscape ecology. The sampling properties and behavior of these spatial statistics are described and illustrated in a comparison of spatio-temporal patterns in species range data from the Breeding Bird Surveys. Both one- and two-dimensional wavelet analyses were better suited than semivariogram and Fourier analysis in separating signal from noise to identify and characterize ecological pattern in the Neotropical migrants. Wavelet analysis accommodates non-stationarity, compares multi-scalar pattern, localizes detected pattern to original data, provides flexibility in choice of analyzing filter, and retains the context of the pattern to view the system as a complex space-time volume. Monitoring within the framework of Complexity Theory for conservation of species and habitats will be increasingly important as we progress into the Twenty-first Century. Title: Wavelet analysis : linking multi-scalar pattern detection to ecological monitoring Author: Anthony, Jill Ada Marie Wavelet analysis is an analytical and modeling tool for optimizing sampling efficiency and accuracy, particularly in the context of designing long-term, large-scale monitoring plans. As a pattern analysis method that accommodates and preserves non-stationarity, wavelet analysis provides novel visualization and analytical capabilities for increased insight into interactions between multi-scalar heterogeneous pattern and sampling design. Effective monitoring must involve sampling designs sufficiently detailed to detect ecologically significant patterns at multiple scales, yet logistically tractable and resource-efficient for sustained use. For this reason, methods that help optimize these objectives and contribute to the design of more efficient sampling prior to implementation are important for successful large-scale monitoring. The main objectives in this dissertation were: (1) to explore Complexity Theory as a framework for pattern analysis in ecological monitoring for conservation of species and habitat; (2) to examine the relative capabilities of semivariogram, Fourier analysis, and onedimensional wavelet analysis to detect and classify spatio-temporal pattern in a comparison of stochastic processes, deterministic simulations, and empirical species range data for Western Meadowlarks; (3) to illustrate pattern detection and reconstruction capabilities of two-dimensional wavelet analysis in three bird species (Neotropical migrants) with varying degrees of heterogeneity (Field Sparrow, Brewer's Sparrow, and Red-eyed Vireo); and (4) to compare statistical and ecological inference and examine these approaches within the context of the statistical analyses in landscape ecology. The sampling properties and behavior of these spatial statistics are described and illustrated in a comparison of spatio-temporal patterns in species range data from the Breeding Bird Surveys. Both one- and two-dimensional wavelet analyses were better suited than semivariogram and Fourier analysis in separating signal from noise to identify and characterize ecological pattern in the Neotropical migrants. Wavelet analysis accommodates non-stationarity, compares multi-scalar pattern, localizes detected pattern to original data, provides flexibility in choice of analyzing filter, and retains the context of the pattern to view the system as a complex space-time volume. Monitoring within the framework of Complexity Theory for conservation of species and habitats will be increasingly important as we progress into the Twenty-first Century. Close

• 66. [Article] The distribution and reproductive success of the Western Snowy Plover along the Oregon coast - 2013

  Research report submitted by the Oregon Biodiversity Information Center, part of the Institute for Natural Resources. Report submitted to the Coos Bay District - Bureau of Land Management, U.S. Fish and ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The distribution and reproductive success of the Western Snowy Plover along the Oregon coast - 2013 Author: Farrar, J. Daniel, Gaines, Eleanor P., Breyer, Melissa F., Castelein, Kathleen A., Lauten, David J. Research report submitted by the Oregon Biodiversity Information Center, part of the Institute for Natural Resources. Report submitted to the Coos Bay District - Bureau of Land Management, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife, Oregon Parks and Recreation Department. Title: The distribution and reproductive success of the Western Snowy Plover along the Oregon coast - 2013 Author: Farrar, J. Daniel, Gaines, Eleanor P., Breyer, Melissa F., Castelein, Kathleen A., Lauten, David J. Research report submitted by the Oregon Biodiversity Information Center, part of the Institute for Natural Resources. Report submitted to the Coos Bay District - Bureau of Land Management, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife, Oregon Parks and Recreation Department. Close

• 67. [Article] Improving the sensitivity in a paper-based Test for the home monitoring of phenylalanine levels in phenylketonuria patients

  phenylketonuria, diagnostic test, phenylalanine detection, lateral flow test, colorimetric intensity-based test

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Improving the sensitivity in a paper-based Test for the home monitoring of phenylalanine levels in phenylketonuria patients Author: Wong, Liam phenylketonuria, diagnostic test, phenylalanine detection, lateral flow test, colorimetric intensity-based test Title: Improving the sensitivity in a paper-based Test for the home monitoring of phenylalanine levels in phenylketonuria patients Author: Wong, Liam phenylketonuria, diagnostic test, phenylalanine detection, lateral flow test, colorimetric intensity-based test Close

• 68. [Article] A model for presenting accelerometer paradata in large studies: ISCOLE

  This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by BioMed Central and can be found at: http://www.ijbnpa.org/

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: A model for presenting accelerometer paradata in large studies: ISCOLE Author: Mire, Emily F., Dentro, Kara N., Schuna, John M. Jr, et al., Tudor-Locke, Catrine This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by BioMed Central and can be found at: http://www.ijbnpa.org/ Title: A model for presenting accelerometer paradata in large studies: ISCOLE Author: Mire, Emily F., Dentro, Kara N., Schuna, John M. Jr, et al., Tudor-Locke, Catrine This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by BioMed Central and can be found at: http://www.ijbnpa.org/ Close

• 69. [Article] Comprehensive timber harvest planning for plantation forests on difficult terrain : Sokoine University of Agriculture Training Forest, Tanzania

  Plantation forests on mountainous areas in Tanzania, East Africa, were successfully established in the 1950's. Harvesting started in the 1970's to meet increased national timber demand. Current problems ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Comprehensive timber harvest planning for plantation forests on difficult terrain : Sokoine University of Agriculture Training Forest, Tanzania Author: Shemwetta, Dunstan T. K. Plantation forests on mountainous areas in Tanzania, East Africa, were successfully established in the 1950's. Harvesting started in the 1970's to meet increased national timber demand. Current problems of unharvested areas and potential environmental degradation are associated with uncontrolled harvests, mismatch of harvest systems to site needs, and post-harvest practices. Comprehensive harvest planning is offered as the needed solution. Effective timber harvest planning is proposed for successful harvesting using a suggested process and protocol. Planning for difficult terrain in the United States Pacific Northwest (PNW) provides valuable lessons for objective refinement, systems selection, monitoring and planning tools of the protocol. An area on the Sokoine University of Agriculture Training Forest (SUATF), Tanzania, with difficult terrain, valuable timber, and environmentally sensitive conditions is used to develop a planning protocol and monitoring guidelines for harvesting. A reference area on the Warm Springs Indian Reservation (WSIR) of Oregon provides comparative data for the project. Plan objectives, planning tools, harvesting systems options, implementation requirements and monitoring criteria were explored through observation, interviews and analytical procedures. A planning procedure incorporating the technical, economical and institutional timber harvesting factors of Tanzania and other similar circumstances is demonstrated. Guidelines for monitoring plan execution and harvesting impacts are shown, with a new emphasis on research monitoring. The study recommendations and summary will help Tanzania national forestry policy to avoid crisis management in harvesting operations. Title: Comprehensive timber harvest planning for plantation forests on difficult terrain : Sokoine University of Agriculture Training Forest, Tanzania Author: Shemwetta, Dunstan T. K. Plantation forests on mountainous areas in Tanzania, East Africa, were successfully established in the 1950's. Harvesting started in the 1970's to meet increased national timber demand. Current problems of unharvested areas and potential environmental degradation are associated with uncontrolled harvests, mismatch of harvest systems to site needs, and post-harvest practices. Comprehensive harvest planning is offered as the needed solution. Effective timber harvest planning is proposed for successful harvesting using a suggested process and protocol. Planning for difficult terrain in the United States Pacific Northwest (PNW) provides valuable lessons for objective refinement, systems selection, monitoring and planning tools of the protocol. An area on the Sokoine University of Agriculture Training Forest (SUATF), Tanzania, with difficult terrain, valuable timber, and environmentally sensitive conditions is used to develop a planning protocol and monitoring guidelines for harvesting. A reference area on the Warm Springs Indian Reservation (WSIR) of Oregon provides comparative data for the project. Plan objectives, planning tools, harvesting systems options, implementation requirements and monitoring criteria were explored through observation, interviews and analytical procedures. A planning procedure incorporating the technical, economical and institutional timber harvesting factors of Tanzania and other similar circumstances is demonstrated. Guidelines for monitoring plan execution and harvesting impacts are shown, with a new emphasis on research monitoring. The study recommendations and summary will help Tanzania national forestry policy to avoid crisis management in harvesting operations. Close

• 70. [Article] Visual Information Processing From Multiple Displays

  To the best of our knowledge, one or more authors of this paper were federal employees when contributing to this work. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The article was published by Sage Publications ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Visual Information Processing From Multiple Displays Author: Johnston, James C., Lien, Mei-Ching, Ruthruff, Eric To the best of our knowledge, one or more authors of this paper were federal employees when contributing to this work. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The article was published by Sage Publications and is in the public domain. The published article can be found at: http://hfs.sagepub.com/. Title: Visual Information Processing From Multiple Displays Author: Johnston, James C., Lien, Mei-Ching, Ruthruff, Eric To the best of our knowledge, one or more authors of this paper were federal employees when contributing to this work. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The article was published by Sage Publications and is in the public domain. The published article can be found at: http://hfs.sagepub.com/. Close

• 71. [Article] A computer controlled robot analyzer for in situ water quality monitoring

  A new, computer oriented system for automatic, in situ monitoring of water quality is proposed which makes full and effective use of modern computer technology. The main objective of this thesis work was ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: A computer controlled robot analyzer for in situ water quality monitoring Author: Birch, Kenneth Norman A new, computer oriented system for automatic, in situ monitoring of water quality is proposed which makes full and effective use of modern computer technology. The main objective of this thesis work was the development of the concept for in situ computer controlled experimenting as a reasonable and effective means of automatically observing the wide range of aquatic parameters needed. The established capability in the teleprocessing industry is assumed as starting point and an optimal design is sought for a sensing head which would meet current expression of requirements for automated water quality monitors while exploiting the advantages of both hardware and software in a total system context. A working model of such a sensing head was constructed and operationally tested using an EAI 690 hybrid computer to simulate the central computer and telecommunications facility. This sensing head consisted of a peristaltic pump, a servo positioned valve, an array of six electrodes (2 glass pH, 3 silver-silver chloride and 1 gold microelectrode) and a thermistor, along with buffer amplifiers and motor controllers to service these devices. A main feature is its design as a remote, computer periferal, like a teletype, which understands up to 64 different commands and which returns coded responses. A second feature is its in situ design making the entire sensor head submersible and operable in depths to 100 meters. A repertoire of programmed experiments was developed for the working model system to show how, for example, it could monitor the water quality parameters; temperature, pH, conductivity, dissolved oxygen, chloride ion, total carbon dioxide, total alkalinity, and a factor called "other ions". The last three in the list being derived from a novel titrametric method, that could be implemented in the particular set of devices in the model sensing head. Concepts of autovarification and autocalibration are introduced and applied with some success. Examples of data (taken at 1/2 meter or 100 meter submergence) for known test solutions and local river water are presented and discussed. It is concluded that the proposed concept is both practical and feasible, having an almost open ended potential to monitor parameters for which sensors per se are not now available, and to do this with high levels of confirmed data return. Title: A computer controlled robot analyzer for in situ water quality monitoring Author: Birch, Kenneth Norman A new, computer oriented system for automatic, in situ monitoring of water quality is proposed which makes full and effective use of modern computer technology. The main objective of this thesis work was the development of the concept for in situ computer controlled experimenting as a reasonable and effective means of automatically observing the wide range of aquatic parameters needed. The established capability in the teleprocessing industry is assumed as starting point and an optimal design is sought for a sensing head which would meet current expression of requirements for automated water quality monitors while exploiting the advantages of both hardware and software in a total system context. A working model of such a sensing head was constructed and operationally tested using an EAI 690 hybrid computer to simulate the central computer and telecommunications facility. This sensing head consisted of a peristaltic pump, a servo positioned valve, an array of six electrodes (2 glass pH, 3 silver-silver chloride and 1 gold microelectrode) and a thermistor, along with buffer amplifiers and motor controllers to service these devices. A main feature is its design as a remote, computer periferal, like a teletype, which understands up to 64 different commands and which returns coded responses. A second feature is its in situ design making the entire sensor head submersible and operable in depths to 100 meters. A repertoire of programmed experiments was developed for the working model system to show how, for example, it could monitor the water quality parameters; temperature, pH, conductivity, dissolved oxygen, chloride ion, total carbon dioxide, total alkalinity, and a factor called "other ions". The last three in the list being derived from a novel titrametric method, that could be implemented in the particular set of devices in the model sensing head. Concepts of autovarification and autocalibration are introduced and applied with some success. Examples of data (taken at 1/2 meter or 100 meter submergence) for known test solutions and local river water are presented and discussed. It is concluded that the proposed concept is both practical and feasible, having an almost open ended potential to monitor parameters for which sensors per se are not now available, and to do this with high levels of confirmed data return. Close

• 72. [Article] Satellite monitored dive characteristics of the northern right whale, Eubalaena glacialis

  The western North Atlantic population of the northern right whale (Eubalaena glacialis) was severely depleted by whaling over the last century. Despite over fifty years of protection, fewer than four hundred ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Satellite monitored dive characteristics of the northern right whale, Eubalaena glacialis Author: Nieukirk, Sharon L. The western North Atlantic population of the northern right whale (Eubalaena glacialis) was severely depleted by whaling over the last century. Despite over fifty years of protection, fewer than four hundred individuals are believed to exist in the North Atlantic. Relatively little is known about the diving behavior, respiratory physiology, or diel activity of these whales, although such information could be useful in predicting population abundance and distribution in relation to food or environmental variables. Dive behavior data can be collected visually, but collection is limited to daylight hours, calm weather, and fortuitous encounters with study animals. Satellite-monitored radio tags offer the opportunity to collect data on individual whales' diving behavior continuously, over long distances and periods of time, and at relatively low cost. Thirteen North Atlantic right whales were tagged and monitored in the Gulf of Maine between 1989 and 1991. One male was tagged in 1989; two adult males, six adult females (two with calves) and one juvenile were tagged in 1990; one adult female (with a calf) and two juveniles were tagged in 1991. The duration of monitoring for the whales varied from <1 day to 43 days. Characteristics of the radio tags were different over each year in order to evaluate different attachment mechanisms and methods of collecting and summarizing data for dive duration, dive frequency, and time submerged. These data were then used to describe the dive behavior and to predict aspects of the respiratory physiology for these whales. The number of dives, their duration, and the time submerged varied considerably among individual whales and between years. Over all, the whales spent 79% of their time underwater. However, most dives were short (i.e., 95% were <14 min; the mean dive duration was 92.3 sec), although dives of 30-40 min duration were observed for several individuals. In general, the number of dives a right whale made was inversely related to the average duration of its dives within a time interval. Furthermore, over a given time interval, the number of times a whale dove was a better predictor of the percent time it was submerged than was the average duration of its dives. There was no evidence of diel variation in dive behavior (i.e., number of dives, average dive duration, or percent time submerged) among these whales. Age, sex, and reproductive status may have affected dive behavior, although these trends were not statistically significant due to the small number of study animals and individual behavioral variability. Males tended to dive more often and averaged shorter dives than females. Females with calves dove more often and averaged shorter dives than females without calves. Juvenile females dove less often but averaged longer dives than adult males or females with calves. It was predicted that the aerobic dive limit of an "average" right whale was approximately 14 min. Ninety-five percent of the dives recorded for the 11 monitored right whales were < 14 min. Furthermore, there was no evidence of recuperative periods (i.e., prolonged periods at the surface) after long dives. These observations were consistent with the idea that the North Atlantic right whales dove within their aerobic scope. They further suggest that physiological parameters alone probably have little influence on dive characteristics, except to set an upper limit on the duration of a dive. Satellite telemetry provides an opportunity to monitor the movements and behavior of free-ranging animals, and overcome many of the short-comings associated with traditional, human-based visual techniques for tracking and studying such animals. Although the tags used in this study were prototypes and varied in their design from year to year, several right whales were monitored simultaneously and were tracked over thousands of kilometers. Advances in tag miniaturization, attachment, and software will likely extend the time tags stay attached and the detail of the behavioral and environmental variables that can be monitored. As testimony to the power of this technology, this application of satellite telemetry to monitor great whales yielded one of the most extensive, long-term, continuously-monitored data sets yet recorded on the diving behavior of a baleen whale. Title: Satellite monitored dive characteristics of the northern right whale, Eubalaena glacialis Author: Nieukirk, Sharon L. The western North Atlantic population of the northern right whale (Eubalaena glacialis) was severely depleted by whaling over the last century. Despite over fifty years of protection, fewer than four hundred individuals are believed to exist in the North Atlantic. Relatively little is known about the diving behavior, respiratory physiology, or diel activity of these whales, although such information could be useful in predicting population abundance and distribution in relation to food or environmental variables. Dive behavior data can be collected visually, but collection is limited to daylight hours, calm weather, and fortuitous encounters with study animals. Satellite-monitored radio tags offer the opportunity to collect data on individual whales' diving behavior continuously, over long distances and periods of time, and at relatively low cost. Thirteen North Atlantic right whales were tagged and monitored in the Gulf of Maine between 1989 and 1991. One male was tagged in 1989; two adult males, six adult females (two with calves) and one juvenile were tagged in 1990; one adult female (with a calf) and two juveniles were tagged in 1991. The duration of monitoring for the whales varied from <1 day to 43 days. Characteristics of the radio tags were different over each year in order to evaluate different attachment mechanisms and methods of collecting and summarizing data for dive duration, dive frequency, and time submerged. These data were then used to describe the dive behavior and to predict aspects of the respiratory physiology for these whales. The number of dives, their duration, and the time submerged varied considerably among individual whales and between years. Over all, the whales spent 79% of their time underwater. However, most dives were short (i.e., 95% were <14 min; the mean dive duration was 92.3 sec), although dives of 30-40 min duration were observed for several individuals. In general, the number of dives a right whale made was inversely related to the average duration of its dives within a time interval. Furthermore, over a given time interval, the number of times a whale dove was a better predictor of the percent time it was submerged than was the average duration of its dives. There was no evidence of diel variation in dive behavior (i.e., number of dives, average dive duration, or percent time submerged) among these whales. Age, sex, and reproductive status may have affected dive behavior, although these trends were not statistically significant due to the small number of study animals and individual behavioral variability. Males tended to dive more often and averaged shorter dives than females. Females with calves dove more often and averaged shorter dives than females without calves. Juvenile females dove less often but averaged longer dives than adult males or females with calves. It was predicted that the aerobic dive limit of an "average" right whale was approximately 14 min. Ninety-five percent of the dives recorded for the 11 monitored right whales were < 14 min. Furthermore, there was no evidence of recuperative periods (i.e., prolonged periods at the surface) after long dives. These observations were consistent with the idea that the North Atlantic right whales dove within their aerobic scope. They further suggest that physiological parameters alone probably have little influence on dive characteristics, except to set an upper limit on the duration of a dive. Satellite telemetry provides an opportunity to monitor the movements and behavior of free-ranging animals, and overcome many of the short-comings associated with traditional, human-based visual techniques for tracking and studying such animals. Although the tags used in this study were prototypes and varied in their design from year to year, several right whales were monitored simultaneously and were tracked over thousands of kilometers. Advances in tag miniaturization, attachment, and software will likely extend the time tags stay attached and the detail of the behavioral and environmental variables that can be monitored. As testimony to the power of this technology, this application of satellite telemetry to monitor great whales yielded one of the most extensive, long-term, continuously-monitored data sets yet recorded on the diving behavior of a baleen whale. Close

• 73. [Article] Hatfield Marine Science Center Dynamic Revetment Project DSL permit #45455-FP: Monitoring Report February 2014

  Stabilization of the Yaquina Bay shoreline along the northeastern edge of the Hatfield Marine Science Center (HMSC) campus became necessary to halt erosion that threatened both HMSC critical infrastructure ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Hatfield Marine Science Center Dynamic Revetment Project DSL permit #45455-FP: Monitoring Report February 2014 Author: Nelson, Walt, Allen, Jonathan, Folger, Christina, Cowen, Robert, Arbuckle, Scarlett Stabilization of the Yaquina Bay shoreline along the northeastern edge of the Hatfield Marine Science Center (HMSC) campus became necessary to halt erosion that threatened both HMSC critical infrastructure (seawater storage tank) and public access to the HMSC Nature Trail. A Dynamic Revetment (gravel beach) was installed in November, 2011 on 260 feet of shoreline to mitigate erosion. Shoreline topographic and biological monitoring was initiated before and has continued after the project completion. Monitoring of beach profiles indicated that as of December 2013, the 2011 Dynamic Revetment Project (DRP) has successfully stabilized the shoreline in the project area, while rapid erosion has continued in the adjacent Reference beach area. Erosion in the unprotected Reference area in the period 2009-2013 has been as great as 9.6 m (31.5 ft). Beach profile data also indicated that the 2007 DRP continued to be successful in stabilizing further retreat of the shoreline. Monitoring of birds and marine mammals was discontinued in 2013 as planned. Monitoring of beach wrack invertebrates, fish, and vegetation continued. Per unit of beach wrack biomass, there was no significant difference in density of wrack invertebrates among the three study areas. Total amount of beach wrack was much sparser in the Reference area because of vertical beach scarps generated by erosion that appeared to limit wrack accumulation. As has been a consistent pattern, fish were significantly more abundant in the Reference area compared to the DRP. However, this pattern was present in the pre-project sampling, and the Reference area may have a higher degree of physical habitat complexity, resulting from root masses of trees that have been eroded onto the shore. Bottom dwelling Pacific Staghorn Sculpin tended to be somewhat more evenly distributed between the DRP and Reference areas, while pelagic Shiner Perch tended to be found more in the Reference area. Vegetation coverage was significantly greater and presence of non-living substrata was significantly less in the Reference area as compared to the DRP. These differences are consistent with pre-project site differences, probably resulting from a low area of the shoreline which allows increased flooding and associated disturbance in the DRP back shore area. Fish and wrack invertebrates, such as beach hoppers, were shown to utilize the DRP project area. Biological differences in fish and vegetation observed in year 2 of post-project monitoring tended to reflect differences in habitat that were present before the DRP project. Title: Hatfield Marine Science Center Dynamic Revetment Project DSL permit #45455-FP: Monitoring Report February 2014 Author: Nelson, Walt, Allen, Jonathan, Folger, Christina, Cowen, Robert, Arbuckle, Scarlett Stabilization of the Yaquina Bay shoreline along the northeastern edge of the Hatfield Marine Science Center (HMSC) campus became necessary to halt erosion that threatened both HMSC critical infrastructure (seawater storage tank) and public access to the HMSC Nature Trail. A Dynamic Revetment (gravel beach) was installed in November, 2011 on 260 feet of shoreline to mitigate erosion. Shoreline topographic and biological monitoring was initiated before and has continued after the project completion. Monitoring of beach profiles indicated that as of December 2013, the 2011 Dynamic Revetment Project (DRP) has successfully stabilized the shoreline in the project area, while rapid erosion has continued in the adjacent Reference beach area. Erosion in the unprotected Reference area in the period 2009-2013 has been as great as 9.6 m (31.5 ft). Beach profile data also indicated that the 2007 DRP continued to be successful in stabilizing further retreat of the shoreline. Monitoring of birds and marine mammals was discontinued in 2013 as planned. Monitoring of beach wrack invertebrates, fish, and vegetation continued. Per unit of beach wrack biomass, there was no significant difference in density of wrack invertebrates among the three study areas. Total amount of beach wrack was much sparser in the Reference area because of vertical beach scarps generated by erosion that appeared to limit wrack accumulation. As has been a consistent pattern, fish were significantly more abundant in the Reference area compared to the DRP. However, this pattern was present in the pre-project sampling, and the Reference area may have a higher degree of physical habitat complexity, resulting from root masses of trees that have been eroded onto the shore. Bottom dwelling Pacific Staghorn Sculpin tended to be somewhat more evenly distributed between the DRP and Reference areas, while pelagic Shiner Perch tended to be found more in the Reference area. Vegetation coverage was significantly greater and presence of non-living substrata was significantly less in the Reference area as compared to the DRP. These differences are consistent with pre-project site differences, probably resulting from a low area of the shoreline which allows increased flooding and associated disturbance in the DRP back shore area. Fish and wrack invertebrates, such as beach hoppers, were shown to utilize the DRP project area. Biological differences in fish and vegetation observed in year 2 of post-project monitoring tended to reflect differences in habitat that were present before the DRP project. Close

• 74. [Article] The distribution and reproductive success of the western snowy plover along the Oregon coast - 2006

  From 2 April – 14 September 2006, we monitored the distribution, abundance and productivity of the federally Threatened Western Snowy Plover (Charadrius alexandrinus nivosus) along the Oregon coast. From ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The distribution and reproductive success of the western snowy plover along the Oregon coast - 2006 Author: Institute for Natural Resources, Eucken, Krista, Weston, Susan, Castelein, Kathleen A., Gaines, Eleanor P., Lauten, David J., Oregon Natural Heritage Information Center From 2 April – 14 September 2006, we monitored the distribution, abundance and productivity of the federally Threatened Western Snowy Plover (Charadrius alexandrinus nivosus) along the Oregon coast. From north to south, we surveyed and monitored plover activity at Sutton Beach, Siltcoos River estuary, the Dunes overlook, North Tahkenitch Creek, Tenmile Creek, Coos Bay North Spit, Bandon Beach, and New River. Our objectives for the Oregon coastal population in 2006 were to: 1) estimate the size of the adult Snowy Plover population, 2) locate plover nests, 3) continue use of miniexclosures (MEs) to protect nests from predators and evaluate whether exclosure use can be reduced, 4) determine nest success, 5) determine fledgling success, 6) monitor brood movements, 7) collect general observational data about predators, and 8) evaluate the success of predator management. We observed an estimated 177-179 adult Snowy Plovers; a minimum of 135 individuals was known to have nested. The adult plover population was the highest estimate recorded since monitoring began in 1990, and we found the highest number of nests since monitoring began in 1990 (n = 147). Overall Mayfield nest success was 38%. Exclosed nests (n=68) had a 60% success rate, and unexclosed nests (n=79) had a 40% success rate. Nest failures were attributed to unknown depredation (18%), unknown cause (18%), one egg nests (16%), wind/weather (13%), abandonment (13%), corvid depredation (10%), adult plover depredation (6%), infertility (4%), and red fox (Vulpes vulpes) depredation (1%). We monitored 84 broods, including 15 from unknown nests, and documented a minimum of 109 fledglings, the highest number of fledglings since monitoring began in 1990. One other chick was raised in captivity at Newport Aquarium and released. Overall brood success was 76%, and fledgling success was 48%. Continued predator management, habitat improvement and maintenance, and management of recreational activities at all sites are recommended to achieve recovery goals. Title: The distribution and reproductive success of the western snowy plover along the Oregon coast - 2006 Author: Institute for Natural Resources, Eucken, Krista, Weston, Susan, Castelein, Kathleen A., Gaines, Eleanor P., Lauten, David J., Oregon Natural Heritage Information Center From 2 April – 14 September 2006, we monitored the distribution, abundance and productivity of the federally Threatened Western Snowy Plover (Charadrius alexandrinus nivosus) along the Oregon coast. From north to south, we surveyed and monitored plover activity at Sutton Beach, Siltcoos River estuary, the Dunes overlook, North Tahkenitch Creek, Tenmile Creek, Coos Bay North Spit, Bandon Beach, and New River. Our objectives for the Oregon coastal population in 2006 were to: 1) estimate the size of the adult Snowy Plover population, 2) locate plover nests, 3) continue use of miniexclosures (MEs) to protect nests from predators and evaluate whether exclosure use can be reduced, 4) determine nest success, 5) determine fledgling success, 6) monitor brood movements, 7) collect general observational data about predators, and 8) evaluate the success of predator management. We observed an estimated 177-179 adult Snowy Plovers; a minimum of 135 individuals was known to have nested. The adult plover population was the highest estimate recorded since monitoring began in 1990, and we found the highest number of nests since monitoring began in 1990 (n = 147). Overall Mayfield nest success was 38%. Exclosed nests (n=68) had a 60% success rate, and unexclosed nests (n=79) had a 40% success rate. Nest failures were attributed to unknown depredation (18%), unknown cause (18%), one egg nests (16%), wind/weather (13%), abandonment (13%), corvid depredation (10%), adult plover depredation (6%), infertility (4%), and red fox (Vulpes vulpes) depredation (1%). We monitored 84 broods, including 15 from unknown nests, and documented a minimum of 109 fledglings, the highest number of fledglings since monitoring began in 1990. One other chick was raised in captivity at Newport Aquarium and released. Overall brood success was 76%, and fledgling success was 48%. Continued predator management, habitat improvement and maintenance, and management of recreational activities at all sites are recommended to achieve recovery goals. Close

• 75. [Article] The distribution and reproductive success of the western snowy plover along the Oregon coast - 2007

  From 3 April – 21 September 2007, we monitored the distribution, abundance and productivity of the federally Threatened Western Snowy Plover (Charadrius alexandrinus nivosus) along the Oregon coast. From ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The distribution and reproductive success of the western snowy plover along the Oregon coast - 2007 Author: Institute for Natural Resources, Gaines, Eleanor, Castelein, Kathleen A., Lauten, David J., Oregon Natural Heritage Information Center, Pruner, Raya, Friel, Marvin From 3 April – 21 September 2007, we monitored the distribution, abundance and productivity of the federally Threatened Western Snowy Plover (Charadrius alexandrinus nivosus) along the Oregon coast. From north to south, we surveyed and monitored plover activity at Sutton Beach, Siltcoos River estuary, the Dunes Overlook, North Tahkenitch Creek, Tenmile Creek, Coos Bay North Spit, Bandon Beach, and New River. Our objectives for the Oregon coastal population in 2007 were to: 1) estimate the size of the adult Snowy Plover population, 2) locate plover nests, 3) continue selected use of mini-exclosures (MEs) to protect nests from predators and evaluate whether exclosure use can be reduced, 4) determine nest success, 5) determine fledgling success, 6) monitor brood movements, 7) collect general observational data about predators, and 8) evaluate the effectiveness of predator management. We observed an estimated 181-184 adult Snowy Plovers; a minimum of 162 individuals was known to have nested. The adult plover population was the highest estimate recorded since monitoring began in 1990, and we found the highest number of nests since monitoring began in 1990 (n = 202). Overall Mayfield nest success was 33%. Exclosed nests (n=38) had a 66% success rate, and unexclosed nests (n=164) had a 41% success rate. Nest failures were attributed to unknown depredation (20%), one-egg nests (20%), corvid depredation (17%), abandonment (16%), unknown cause (7%), unknown mammal depredation (7%), overwashed (3%), infertility (3%), coyote depredation (3%), wind/weather (3%), raccoon depredation (1%), and adult plover depredation (1%). We monitored 89 broods, including four from unknown nests, and documented a minimum of 123 fledglings; the highest number of fledglings since monitoring began in 1990. Overall brood success was 82%, fledgling success was 54%, and 1.60 fledglings per male were produced. Continued predator management, habitat improvement and maintenance, and management of recreational activities at all sites are recommended to achieve recovery goals. Title: The distribution and reproductive success of the western snowy plover along the Oregon coast - 2007 Author: Institute for Natural Resources, Gaines, Eleanor, Castelein, Kathleen A., Lauten, David J., Oregon Natural Heritage Information Center, Pruner, Raya, Friel, Marvin From 3 April – 21 September 2007, we monitored the distribution, abundance and productivity of the federally Threatened Western Snowy Plover (Charadrius alexandrinus nivosus) along the Oregon coast. From north to south, we surveyed and monitored plover activity at Sutton Beach, Siltcoos River estuary, the Dunes Overlook, North Tahkenitch Creek, Tenmile Creek, Coos Bay North Spit, Bandon Beach, and New River. Our objectives for the Oregon coastal population in 2007 were to: 1) estimate the size of the adult Snowy Plover population, 2) locate plover nests, 3) continue selected use of mini-exclosures (MEs) to protect nests from predators and evaluate whether exclosure use can be reduced, 4) determine nest success, 5) determine fledgling success, 6) monitor brood movements, 7) collect general observational data about predators, and 8) evaluate the effectiveness of predator management. We observed an estimated 181-184 adult Snowy Plovers; a minimum of 162 individuals was known to have nested. The adult plover population was the highest estimate recorded since monitoring began in 1990, and we found the highest number of nests since monitoring began in 1990 (n = 202). Overall Mayfield nest success was 33%. Exclosed nests (n=38) had a 66% success rate, and unexclosed nests (n=164) had a 41% success rate. Nest failures were attributed to unknown depredation (20%), one-egg nests (20%), corvid depredation (17%), abandonment (16%), unknown cause (7%), unknown mammal depredation (7%), overwashed (3%), infertility (3%), coyote depredation (3%), wind/weather (3%), raccoon depredation (1%), and adult plover depredation (1%). We monitored 89 broods, including four from unknown nests, and documented a minimum of 123 fledglings; the highest number of fledglings since monitoring began in 1990. Overall brood success was 82%, fledgling success was 54%, and 1.60 fledglings per male were produced. Continued predator management, habitat improvement and maintenance, and management of recreational activities at all sites are recommended to achieve recovery goals. Close

• 76. [Article] Use of Virtual Visual Sensors in the Determination of Natural Frequencies of Timber Structures for Structural Health Monitoring

  Many nondestructive techniques for structural health monitoring are subjective and based on visual observations of degradation. In addition, dynamic properties of structures are already used to obtain ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Use of Virtual Visual Sensors in the Determination of Natural Frequencies of Timber Structures for Structural Health Monitoring Author: Walker, Kristopher (Kristopher David) Many nondestructive techniques for structural health monitoring are subjective and based on visual observations of degradation. In addition, dynamic properties of structures are already used to obtain quantitative structural health data. However, most current data collection is limited to localized damage on the structure, rather than global response. Recent research involves the use of commercially available digital video cameras, or virtual visual sensors, to observe structural dynamic behavior. This project focuses on the determination of natural vibration frequencies by monitoring the intensity value of a single pixel coordinate over the course of a few seconds of a video of structural vibration, and then applying a fast Fourier transform to extract signal frequencies. Natural frequencies can be used to observe changes in stiffness properties of materials and structural systems that may relate to deterioration. The focus here is primarily on the development and application of the virtual visual sensor technique to wood structures to obtain information relevant to objective structural health monitoring. The experiments focus on verification of the method to extract natural frequencies in various scenarios, using the natural color gradients in wood structures to observe the motion. Additionally, effects of moisture content and simulated damage on natural frequencies are observed on simply-supported beams of dimensional lumber. Applications are also made to an in-place US Forest Service pedestrian bridge. Results show comparable accuracy in determining vibrational frequencies with virtual visual sensors and accelerometer measurements, successful observation of vibrational frequencies in a timber bridge, and good use of naturally occurring color gradients in both laboratory and field tests. Moisture content and simulated damage had measureable effects on natural frequencies using conventional accelerometers and virtual visual sensors. Digital video cameras show potential to be a promising tool for structural health monitoring of timber structures. Title: Use of Virtual Visual Sensors in the Determination of Natural Frequencies of Timber Structures for Structural Health Monitoring Author: Walker, Kristopher (Kristopher David) Many nondestructive techniques for structural health monitoring are subjective and based on visual observations of degradation. In addition, dynamic properties of structures are already used to obtain quantitative structural health data. However, most current data collection is limited to localized damage on the structure, rather than global response. Recent research involves the use of commercially available digital video cameras, or virtual visual sensors, to observe structural dynamic behavior. This project focuses on the determination of natural vibration frequencies by monitoring the intensity value of a single pixel coordinate over the course of a few seconds of a video of structural vibration, and then applying a fast Fourier transform to extract signal frequencies. Natural frequencies can be used to observe changes in stiffness properties of materials and structural systems that may relate to deterioration. The focus here is primarily on the development and application of the virtual visual sensor technique to wood structures to obtain information relevant to objective structural health monitoring. The experiments focus on verification of the method to extract natural frequencies in various scenarios, using the natural color gradients in wood structures to observe the motion. Additionally, effects of moisture content and simulated damage on natural frequencies are observed on simply-supported beams of dimensional lumber. Applications are also made to an in-place US Forest Service pedestrian bridge. Results show comparable accuracy in determining vibrational frequencies with virtual visual sensors and accelerometer measurements, successful observation of vibrational frequencies in a timber bridge, and good use of naturally occurring color gradients in both laboratory and field tests. Moisture content and simulated damage had measureable effects on natural frequencies using conventional accelerometers and virtual visual sensors. Digital video cameras show potential to be a promising tool for structural health monitoring of timber structures. Close

• 77. [Article] Expert system prototype for food aid distribution

  Numerous investigative reports have cited the problems of inefficient food aid distribution by various international disaster relief agencies. These problems not only deprive the disaster victims of life ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Expert system prototype for food aid distribution Author: Singh, Neeta Numerous investigative reports have cited the problems of inefficient food aid distribution by various international disaster relief agencies. These problems not only deprive the disaster victims of life giving support, but can also discourage potential sources of contributions. Lack of a feedback process has been attributed as a cause of organizational inefficiencies in these agencies. Existing old-fashioned distribution processes failed to incorporate present day tools for advanced process control. Investigations of food distribution organizations revealed a need for a state-of-the-art monitoring system. Typically, these systems incorporate an expert knowledge base which aids an adaptive decision making process. This research identified data related to food aid monitoring and evaluation processes of various international organizations. It then applied an artificial intelligence based expert system to develop a prototype for those processes. Existing data related to monitoring and evaluation program cycles were obtained from two international food relief organizations. An expert system shell called CLIPS (©NASA) was utilized to develop a prototype system named FAM (Food Aid Monitor) for monitoring and evaluating food aid distribution. FAM, a rule based expert system, uses facts and heuristic rules to provide advice regarding food aid monitoring and evaluation processes at various stages of an operation. The FAM was evaluated and validated by three expert panels checking the prototype system for: (1) completeness and relevancy, by a faculty expert panel; (2) consistency, (3) correctness, (4) and precision, by a software engineering expert panel; and (5) usability, by a field expert panel. The faculty panel identified some modifications to the original set of rules. Their review indicated a relatively complete set of rules and high rule relevancy to the knowledge base. Upon revision of the rule source code by the researcher, the software experts validated the prototype in two iterations. The panel determined a system accuracy of approximately 95% and 100% in the two iterations. This exceeded the initial objective of the research. Finally, usability experts commented upon the generic nature of the prototype and indicated a belief that the system might have an overall positive impact on the stages of monitoring and evaluating food aid distribution. Title: Expert system prototype for food aid distribution Author: Singh, Neeta Numerous investigative reports have cited the problems of inefficient food aid distribution by various international disaster relief agencies. These problems not only deprive the disaster victims of life giving support, but can also discourage potential sources of contributions. Lack of a feedback process has been attributed as a cause of organizational inefficiencies in these agencies. Existing old-fashioned distribution processes failed to incorporate present day tools for advanced process control. Investigations of food distribution organizations revealed a need for a state-of-the-art monitoring system. Typically, these systems incorporate an expert knowledge base which aids an adaptive decision making process. This research identified data related to food aid monitoring and evaluation processes of various international organizations. It then applied an artificial intelligence based expert system to develop a prototype for those processes. Existing data related to monitoring and evaluation program cycles were obtained from two international food relief organizations. An expert system shell called CLIPS (©NASA) was utilized to develop a prototype system named FAM (Food Aid Monitor) for monitoring and evaluating food aid distribution. FAM, a rule based expert system, uses facts and heuristic rules to provide advice regarding food aid monitoring and evaluation processes at various stages of an operation. The FAM was evaluated and validated by three expert panels checking the prototype system for: (1) completeness and relevancy, by a faculty expert panel; (2) consistency, (3) correctness, (4) and precision, by a software engineering expert panel; and (5) usability, by a field expert panel. The faculty panel identified some modifications to the original set of rules. Their review indicated a relatively complete set of rules and high rule relevancy to the knowledge base. Upon revision of the rule source code by the researcher, the software experts validated the prototype in two iterations. The panel determined a system accuracy of approximately 95% and 100% in the two iterations. This exceeded the initial objective of the research. Finally, usability experts commented upon the generic nature of the prototype and indicated a belief that the system might have an overall positive impact on the stages of monitoring and evaluating food aid distribution. Close

• 78. [Article] The Distribution and Reproductive Success of the Western Snowy Plover along the Oregon Coast - 2011

  From 6 April – 19 September 2011 we monitored the distribution, abundance and productivity of the federally Threatened Western Snowy Plover (Charadrius nivosus nivosus) along the Oregon coast. From north ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The Distribution and Reproductive Success of the Western Snowy Plover along the Oregon Coast - 2011 Author: Institute for Natural Resources, Castelein, Kathleen A., Gaines, Eleanor P., Lauten, David J., Farrar, J. Daniel, Kotaich, Adam A. From 6 April – 19 September 2011 we monitored the distribution, abundance and productivity of the federally Threatened Western Snowy Plover (Charadrius nivosus nivosus) along the Oregon coast. From north to south, we surveyed and monitored plover activity at Sutton Beach, Siltcoos River estuary, the Dunes Overlook, North Tahkenitch Creek, Tenmile Creek, Coos Bay North Spit, Bandon Beach, New River, and Floras Lake. Our objectives for the Oregon coastal population in 2011 were to: 1) estimate the size of the adult Snowy Plover population, 2) locate plover nests, 3) continue use of mini-exclosures(MEs) to protect nests from predators when and where needed, 4) determine nest success, 5) determine fledging success, 6) monitor brood movements, 7) collect general observational data about predators, and 8) evaluate the effectiveness of predator management. We observed an estimated 247-253 adult Snowy Plovers; a minimum of 214 individuals were known to have nested. The adult plover population was the highest estimate recorded since monitoring began in 1990. We monitored 289 nests in 2011, the highest number of nests since monitoring began in 1990. Overall apparent nest success was 50%. Exclosed nests (n = 48) had a 71% apparent nest success rate, and unexclosed nests (n = 241) had a 48% apparent nest success rate. Nest failures were attributed to unknown depredation (22%), corvid depredation (20%), unknown cause (18%), one-egg nests (16%), abandonment (15%), wind/weather (3%), mammalian depredation (2%), adult plover depredation (2%), infertility (1%), and rodent depredation (1%). We monitored 148 broods, including four from unknown nests, and documented a minimum of 168 fledglings. Overall brood success was 71%, fledging success was 46%, and 1.57 fledglings per male were produced. Continued predator management, habitat improvement and maintenance, and management of recreational activities at all sites are recommended to achieve recovery goals. Title: The Distribution and Reproductive Success of the Western Snowy Plover along the Oregon Coast - 2011 Author: Institute for Natural Resources, Castelein, Kathleen A., Gaines, Eleanor P., Lauten, David J., Farrar, J. Daniel, Kotaich, Adam A. From 6 April – 19 September 2011 we monitored the distribution, abundance and productivity of the federally Threatened Western Snowy Plover (Charadrius nivosus nivosus) along the Oregon coast. From north to south, we surveyed and monitored plover activity at Sutton Beach, Siltcoos River estuary, the Dunes Overlook, North Tahkenitch Creek, Tenmile Creek, Coos Bay North Spit, Bandon Beach, New River, and Floras Lake. Our objectives for the Oregon coastal population in 2011 were to: 1) estimate the size of the adult Snowy Plover population, 2) locate plover nests, 3) continue use of mini-exclosures(MEs) to protect nests from predators when and where needed, 4) determine nest success, 5) determine fledging success, 6) monitor brood movements, 7) collect general observational data about predators, and 8) evaluate the effectiveness of predator management. We observed an estimated 247-253 adult Snowy Plovers; a minimum of 214 individuals were known to have nested. The adult plover population was the highest estimate recorded since monitoring began in 1990. We monitored 289 nests in 2011, the highest number of nests since monitoring began in 1990. Overall apparent nest success was 50%. Exclosed nests (n = 48) had a 71% apparent nest success rate, and unexclosed nests (n = 241) had a 48% apparent nest success rate. Nest failures were attributed to unknown depredation (22%), corvid depredation (20%), unknown cause (18%), one-egg nests (16%), abandonment (15%), wind/weather (3%), mammalian depredation (2%), adult plover depredation (2%), infertility (1%), and rodent depredation (1%). We monitored 148 broods, including four from unknown nests, and documented a minimum of 168 fledglings. Overall brood success was 71%, fledging success was 46%, and 1.57 fledglings per male were produced. Continued predator management, habitat improvement and maintenance, and management of recreational activities at all sites are recommended to achieve recovery goals. Close

• 79. [Article] The Distribution and Reproductive Success of the Western Snowy Plover along the Oregon Coast - 2011

  From 6 April – 19 September 2011 we monitored the distribution, abundance and productivity of the federally Threatened Western Snowy Plover (Charadrius nivosus nivosus) along the Oregon coast. From north ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The Distribution and Reproductive Success of the Western Snowy Plover along the Oregon Coast - 2011 Author: Institute for Natural Resources, Kotaich, Adam A., Portland State University/INR, Farrar, J. Daniel, The Oregon Biodiversity Information Center, Castelein, Kathleen A, Gaines, Eleanor P., Lauten, David J. From 6 April – 19 September 2011 we monitored the distribution, abundance and productivity of the federally Threatened Western Snowy Plover (Charadrius nivosus nivosus) along the Oregon coast. From north to south, we surveyed and monitored plover activity at Sutton Beach, Siltcoos River estuary, the Dunes Overlook, North Tahkenitch Creek, Tenmile Creek, Coos Bay North Spit, Bandon Beach, New River, and Floras Lake. Our objectives for the Oregon coastal population in 2011 were to: 1) estimate the size of the adult Snowy Plover population, 2) locate plover nests, 3) continue use of mini-exclosures (MEs) to protect nests from predators when and where needed, 4) determine nest success, 5) determine fledging success, 6) monitor brood movements, 7) collect general observational data about predators, and 8) evaluate the effectiveness of predator management. We observed an estimated 247-253 adult Snowy Plovers; a minimum of 214 individuals were known to have nested. The adult plover population was the highest estimate recorded since monitoring began in 1990. We monitored 289 nests in 2011, the highest number of nests since monitoring began in 1990. Overall apparent nest success was 50%. Exclosed nests (n = 48) had a 71% apparent nest success rate, and unexclosed nests (n = 241) had a 48% apparent nest success rate. Nest failures were attributed to unknown depredation (22%), corvid depredation (20%), unknown cause (18%), one-egg nests (16%), abandonment (15%), wind/weather (3%), mammalian depredation (2%), adult plover depredation (2%), infertility (1%), and rodent depredation (1%). We monitored 148 broods, including four from unknown nests, and documented a minimum of 168 fledglings. Overall brood success was 71%, fledging success was 46%, and 1.57 fledglings per male were produced. Continued predator management, habitat improvement and maintenance, and management of recreational activities at all sites are recommended to achieve recovery goals. Title: The Distribution and Reproductive Success of the Western Snowy Plover along the Oregon Coast - 2011 Author: Institute for Natural Resources, Kotaich, Adam A., Portland State University/INR, Farrar, J. Daniel, The Oregon Biodiversity Information Center, Castelein, Kathleen A, Gaines, Eleanor P., Lauten, David J. From 6 April – 19 September 2011 we monitored the distribution, abundance and productivity of the federally Threatened Western Snowy Plover (Charadrius nivosus nivosus) along the Oregon coast. From north to south, we surveyed and monitored plover activity at Sutton Beach, Siltcoos River estuary, the Dunes Overlook, North Tahkenitch Creek, Tenmile Creek, Coos Bay North Spit, Bandon Beach, New River, and Floras Lake. Our objectives for the Oregon coastal population in 2011 were to: 1) estimate the size of the adult Snowy Plover population, 2) locate plover nests, 3) continue use of mini-exclosures (MEs) to protect nests from predators when and where needed, 4) determine nest success, 5) determine fledging success, 6) monitor brood movements, 7) collect general observational data about predators, and 8) evaluate the effectiveness of predator management. We observed an estimated 247-253 adult Snowy Plovers; a minimum of 214 individuals were known to have nested. The adult plover population was the highest estimate recorded since monitoring began in 1990. We monitored 289 nests in 2011, the highest number of nests since monitoring began in 1990. Overall apparent nest success was 50%. Exclosed nests (n = 48) had a 71% apparent nest success rate, and unexclosed nests (n = 241) had a 48% apparent nest success rate. Nest failures were attributed to unknown depredation (22%), corvid depredation (20%), unknown cause (18%), one-egg nests (16%), abandonment (15%), wind/weather (3%), mammalian depredation (2%), adult plover depredation (2%), infertility (1%), and rodent depredation (1%). We monitored 148 broods, including four from unknown nests, and documented a minimum of 168 fledglings. Overall brood success was 71%, fledging success was 46%, and 1.57 fledglings per male were produced. Continued predator management, habitat improvement and maintenance, and management of recreational activities at all sites are recommended to achieve recovery goals. Close

• 80. [Article] The Distribution and Reproductive Success of the Western Snowy Plover along the Oregon Coast - 2010

  From 8 April – 27 September 2010 we monitored the distribution, abundance and productivity of the federally Threatened Western Snowy Plover (Charadrius alexandrinus nivosus) along the Oregon coast. From ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The Distribution and Reproductive Success of the Western Snowy Plover along the Oregon Coast - 2010 Author: Institute for Natural Resources, Farrar, Daniel, Castelein, Kathleen A., Kotaich, Adam A., Lauten, David J., Gaines, Eleanor P. From 8 April – 27 September 2010 we monitored the distribution, abundance and productivity of the federally Threatened Western Snowy Plover (Charadrius alexandrinus nivosus) along the Oregon coast. From north to south, we surveyed and monitored plover activity at Sutton Beach, Siltcoos River estuary, the Dunes Overlook, North Tahkenitch Creek, Tenmile Creek, Coos Bay North Spit, Bandon Beach, New River, and Floras Lake. Our objectives for the Oregon coastal population in 2010 were to: 1) estimate the size of the adult Snowy Plover population, 2) locate plover nests, 3) continue selective use of mini-exclosures (MEs) to protect nests from predators and evaluate whether exclosure use can be reduced, 4) determine nest success, 5) determine fledging success, 6) monitor brood movements, 7) collect general observational information about predators, and 8) evaluate the effectiveness of predator management. We observed an estimated 232-236 adult Snowy Plovers; a minimum of 175 individuals was known to have nested. The adult plover population was the highest estimate recorded since monitoring began in 1990. We monitored 261 nests in 2010, the highest number of nests since monitoring began in 1990. Overall Mayfield nest success was 25%. Exclosed nests (n = 67) had a 72% apparent nest success rate, and unexclosed nests (n = 194) had a 23% apparent nest success rate. Nest failures were attributed to unknown depredation (24%), unknown cause (17%), one-egg nests (15%), rodent depredation (14%), abandonment (12%), wind/weather (5%), corvid depredation (5%), mammalian depredation (4%), wave overwash (2%), infertility (2%), and adult depredation (1%). We monitored 94 broods, including two from unknown nests, and documented a minimum of 80 fledglings. Overall brood success was 55%, fledging success was 33%, and 0.90 fledglings per male were produced. Continued predator management, habitat improvement and maintenance, and management of recreational activities at all sites are recommended to achieve recovery goals. Title: The Distribution and Reproductive Success of the Western Snowy Plover along the Oregon Coast - 2010 Author: Institute for Natural Resources, Farrar, Daniel, Castelein, Kathleen A., Kotaich, Adam A., Lauten, David J., Gaines, Eleanor P. From 8 April – 27 September 2010 we monitored the distribution, abundance and productivity of the federally Threatened Western Snowy Plover (Charadrius alexandrinus nivosus) along the Oregon coast. From north to south, we surveyed and monitored plover activity at Sutton Beach, Siltcoos River estuary, the Dunes Overlook, North Tahkenitch Creek, Tenmile Creek, Coos Bay North Spit, Bandon Beach, New River, and Floras Lake. Our objectives for the Oregon coastal population in 2010 were to: 1) estimate the size of the adult Snowy Plover population, 2) locate plover nests, 3) continue selective use of mini-exclosures (MEs) to protect nests from predators and evaluate whether exclosure use can be reduced, 4) determine nest success, 5) determine fledging success, 6) monitor brood movements, 7) collect general observational information about predators, and 8) evaluate the effectiveness of predator management. We observed an estimated 232-236 adult Snowy Plovers; a minimum of 175 individuals was known to have nested. The adult plover population was the highest estimate recorded since monitoring began in 1990. We monitored 261 nests in 2010, the highest number of nests since monitoring began in 1990. Overall Mayfield nest success was 25%. Exclosed nests (n = 67) had a 72% apparent nest success rate, and unexclosed nests (n = 194) had a 23% apparent nest success rate. Nest failures were attributed to unknown depredation (24%), unknown cause (17%), one-egg nests (15%), rodent depredation (14%), abandonment (12%), wind/weather (5%), corvid depredation (5%), mammalian depredation (4%), wave overwash (2%), infertility (2%), and adult depredation (1%). We monitored 94 broods, including two from unknown nests, and documented a minimum of 80 fledglings. Overall brood success was 55%, fledging success was 33%, and 0.90 fledglings per male were produced. Continued predator management, habitat improvement and maintenance, and management of recreational activities at all sites are recommended to achieve recovery goals. Close

• 81. [Article] Pacific Northwest Estuarine Wetland Restoration Information Gaps Survey.

  In March 2007, Craig Cornu (South Slough National Estuarine Research Reserve), with the assistance of Laura Brophy (Green Point Consulting/Estuary Technical Group, Institute for Applied Ecology), John ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Pacific Northwest Estuarine Wetland Restoration Information Gaps Survey. Author: South Slough National Estuarine Research Reserve In March 2007, Craig Cornu (South Slough National Estuarine Research Reserve), with the assistance of Laura Brophy (Green Point Consulting/Estuary Technical Group, Institute for Applied Ecology), John Bragg (South Slough NERR) and Derek Sowers (former South Slough NERR), developed the Pacific Northwest Estuarine Wetland Restoration Information Gaps Survey using the on-line format provided by SurveyMonkey.com. The goals of the survey were to: 1) provide an end-user “reality check” with respect to the tidal wetland habitats selected for the development of a reference conditions database for Oregon tidal wetlands (Brophy et al. 2011); and 2) provide the basis for discussions about adaptive approaches to estuarine wetland restoration in the Pacific Northwest at an estuarine wetland restoration advisory group meeting convened at the South Slough NERR in July 2007. The survey was distributed via e-mail on April 3, 2007 to 50 restoration scientists, planners, and practitioners from government agencies, and non-profit, consulting, and academic organizations including watershed associations. The response rate for the survey was 62% (31 respondents). In general, the survey respondents identified priority tidal wetland habitat classes for restoration in Oregon: high and low emergent marsh and scrub shrub and forested swamps. Other survey highlights included: Scrub-shrub and forested tidal wetlands and tidally-influenced freshwater floodplains were the habitats most often mentioned (35% of respondents) when asked which habitat classes are not being restored but should be. Unvegetated tidal flats were the second most commonly mentioned habitat class (10% of respondents). Most respondents undertake effectiveness monitoring as a part of their restoration projects (80%). When asked why they do not conduct effectiveness monitoring (or do not collect as much information as they would like), the overwhelming response was lack of funding. 80% indicated general lack of funding for monitoring, and 52% responded that funders require monitoring but do not provide adequate funding. No respondents (0%) chose administrative constraints or lack of monitoring guidance as obstacles to effectiveness monitoring. Most respondents (70%) report that they conduct monitoring for additional reasons besides evaluation of project effectiveness. The reason given by most respondents (55%) was to contribute to the science of habitat restoration (e.g., evaluate various restoration treatments; answer specific ecological or physical process-based questions). Specific research questions and hypotheses being addressed by respondents are listed in the report. When asked whether they use reference sites as part of project monitoring, most respondents (76%) answered that they did. When asked if they were able to find reference sites from which they could collect useful data, most said they could (70%), but the comments indicated some concern over the appropriateness of the reference sites being used, as well as the need for high quality reference condition datasets. When asked whether and how they would use long term reference condition data sets if such data were made available, an overwhelming number of respondents indicated that they would use them for evaluating restoration projects (93%), designing restoration projects (80%), and evaluating adaptive management options (80%). Finally, the survey asked respondents in four separate questions to articulate their top “burning questions,” which, if answered, would help them improve coastal habitat restoration prioritization, design, implementation, and evaluation. Their responses are listed in the report and became the basis for discussion at the 2007 estuarine wetland restoration advisory group workshop at South Slough NERR. Brophy, L.S., C.E. Cornu, P.R. Adamus, J.A. Christy, A. Gray, L. Huang, M.A. MacClellan, J.A. Doumbia, and R.L. Tully. 2011. New Tools for Tidal Wetland Restoration: Development of a Reference Conditions Database and a Temperature Sensor Method for Detecting Tidal Inundation in Least-disturbed Tidal Wetlands of Oregon, USA. Prepared for the Cooperative Institute for Coastal and Estuarine Environmental Technology (CICEET). 198pp. Title: Pacific Northwest Estuarine Wetland Restoration Information Gaps Survey. Author: South Slough National Estuarine Research Reserve In March 2007, Craig Cornu (South Slough National Estuarine Research Reserve), with the assistance of Laura Brophy (Green Point Consulting/Estuary Technical Group, Institute for Applied Ecology), John Bragg (South Slough NERR) and Derek Sowers (former South Slough NERR), developed the Pacific Northwest Estuarine Wetland Restoration Information Gaps Survey using the on-line format provided by SurveyMonkey.com. The goals of the survey were to: 1) provide an end-user “reality check” with respect to the tidal wetland habitats selected for the development of a reference conditions database for Oregon tidal wetlands (Brophy et al. 2011); and 2) provide the basis for discussions about adaptive approaches to estuarine wetland restoration in the Pacific Northwest at an estuarine wetland restoration advisory group meeting convened at the South Slough NERR in July 2007. The survey was distributed via e-mail on April 3, 2007 to 50 restoration scientists, planners, and practitioners from government agencies, and non-profit, consulting, and academic organizations including watershed associations. The response rate for the survey was 62% (31 respondents). In general, the survey respondents identified priority tidal wetland habitat classes for restoration in Oregon: high and low emergent marsh and scrub shrub and forested swamps. Other survey highlights included: Scrub-shrub and forested tidal wetlands and tidally-influenced freshwater floodplains were the habitats most often mentioned (35% of respondents) when asked which habitat classes are not being restored but should be. Unvegetated tidal flats were the second most commonly mentioned habitat class (10% of respondents). Most respondents undertake effectiveness monitoring as a part of their restoration projects (80%). When asked why they do not conduct effectiveness monitoring (or do not collect as much information as they would like), the overwhelming response was lack of funding. 80% indicated general lack of funding for monitoring, and 52% responded that funders require monitoring but do not provide adequate funding. No respondents (0%) chose administrative constraints or lack of monitoring guidance as obstacles to effectiveness monitoring. Most respondents (70%) report that they conduct monitoring for additional reasons besides evaluation of project effectiveness. The reason given by most respondents (55%) was to contribute to the science of habitat restoration (e.g., evaluate various restoration treatments; answer specific ecological or physical process-based questions). Specific research questions and hypotheses being addressed by respondents are listed in the report. When asked whether they use reference sites as part of project monitoring, most respondents (76%) answered that they did. When asked if they were able to find reference sites from which they could collect useful data, most said they could (70%), but the comments indicated some concern over the appropriateness of the reference sites being used, as well as the need for high quality reference condition datasets. When asked whether and how they would use long term reference condition data sets if such data were made available, an overwhelming number of respondents indicated that they would use them for evaluating restoration projects (93%), designing restoration projects (80%), and evaluating adaptive management options (80%). Finally, the survey asked respondents in four separate questions to articulate their top “burning questions,” which, if answered, would help them improve coastal habitat restoration prioritization, design, implementation, and evaluation. Their responses are listed in the report and became the basis for discussion at the 2007 estuarine wetland restoration advisory group workshop at South Slough NERR. Brophy, L.S., C.E. Cornu, P.R. Adamus, J.A. Christy, A. Gray, L. Huang, M.A. MacClellan, J.A. Doumbia, and R.L. Tully. 2011. New Tools for Tidal Wetland Restoration: Development of a Reference Conditions Database and a Temperature Sensor Method for Detecting Tidal Inundation in Least-disturbed Tidal Wetlands of Oregon, USA. Prepared for the Cooperative Institute for Coastal and Estuarine Environmental Technology (CICEET). 198pp. Close

• 82. [Article] Development and deployment of an underway radioactive cesium monitor off the Japanese coast near Fukushima Dai'ichi

  This is the author's peer-reviewed final manuscript, as accepted by the publisher. The published article is copyrighted by Elsevier and can be found at: http://www.journals.elsevier.com/journal-of-envi...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Development and deployment of an underway radioactive cesium monitor off the Japanese coast near Fukushima Dai'ichi Author: Smith, S., Caffrey, J. A., Higley, K. A., Farsoni, A. T., Menn, S. This is the author's peer-reviewed final manuscript, as accepted by the publisher. The published article is copyrighted by Elsevier and can be found at: http://www.journals.elsevier.com/journal-of-environmental-radioactivity/. Title: Development and deployment of an underway radioactive cesium monitor off the Japanese coast near Fukushima Dai'ichi Author: Smith, S., Caffrey, J. A., Higley, K. A., Farsoni, A. T., Menn, S. This is the author's peer-reviewed final manuscript, as accepted by the publisher. The published article is copyrighted by Elsevier and can be found at: http://www.journals.elsevier.com/journal-of-environmental-radioactivity/. Close

• 83. [Article] Considerations for the use of ecological indicators in restoration effectiveness evaluation

  This report was written by the Independent Multidisciplinary Science Team (IMST) of the Oregon Plan for Salmon and Watersheds. Information on report preparation and external review are included in the ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Considerations for the use of ecological indicators in restoration effectiveness evaluation Author: Independent Multidisciplinary Science Team (Or.) This report was written by the Independent Multidisciplinary Science Team (IMST) of the Oregon Plan for Salmon and Watersheds. Information on report preparation and external review are included in the report. Title: Considerations for the use of ecological indicators in restoration effectiveness evaluation Author: Independent Multidisciplinary Science Team (Or.) This report was written by the Independent Multidisciplinary Science Team (IMST) of the Oregon Plan for Salmon and Watersheds. Information on report preparation and external review are included in the report. Close

• 84. [Article] Marine Protected Area Networks: Assessing Whether the Whole Is Greater than the Sum of Its Parts

  This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by the author(s) and published by the Public Library of Science. The published article can be found at: http://www.plosone.org/.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Marine Protected Area Networks: Assessing Whether the Whole Is Greater than the Sum of Its Parts Author: Claudet, Joachim, Tissot, Brian N., et al., Grorud-Colvert, Kirsten This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by the author(s) and published by the Public Library of Science. The published article can be found at: http://www.plosone.org/. Title: Marine Protected Area Networks: Assessing Whether the Whole Is Greater than the Sum of Its Parts Author: Claudet, Joachim, Tissot, Brian N., et al., Grorud-Colvert, Kirsten This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by the author(s) and published by the Public Library of Science. The published article can be found at: http://www.plosone.org/. Close

• 85. [Article] A graphical ethernet monitoring system (GEMS)

  GEMS (Graphical Ethernet Monitoring System) is an enhancement to the SU-PC/IP NETWATCH program, for the graphical display and recording of computer network packets. SU-PC/IP (Stanford University Personal ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: A graphical ethernet monitoring system (GEMS) Author: Park, Chung Min GEMS (Graphical Ethernet Monitoring System) is an enhancement to the SU-PC/IP NETWATCH program, for the graphical display and recording of computer network packets. SU-PC/IP (Stanford University Personal Computer/Internet Protocol) NETWATCH displays one line of information per packet, including the packet type, IP addresses, packet size, and protocol type, etc. This does not allow collection of simple information such as the number of packets sent or received by each host or how many packets the network carries during a given time interval. Neither does SU-PC/IP NETWATCH have a function for recording network history. GEMS enhances NETWATCH by giving users the ability to compare network data and check network history by means of a convenient graphical display. GEMS will assist network managers in the monitoring of network traffic and allow them to diagnose network problems, possibly preventing failures. Title: A graphical ethernet monitoring system (GEMS) Author: Park, Chung Min GEMS (Graphical Ethernet Monitoring System) is an enhancement to the SU-PC/IP NETWATCH program, for the graphical display and recording of computer network packets. SU-PC/IP (Stanford University Personal Computer/Internet Protocol) NETWATCH displays one line of information per packet, including the packet type, IP addresses, packet size, and protocol type, etc. This does not allow collection of simple information such as the number of packets sent or received by each host or how many packets the network carries during a given time interval. Neither does SU-PC/IP NETWATCH have a function for recording network history. GEMS enhances NETWATCH by giving users the ability to compare network data and check network history by means of a convenient graphical display. GEMS will assist network managers in the monitoring of network traffic and allow them to diagnose network problems, possibly preventing failures. Close

• 86. [Article] The design-based Empirical Orthogonal Functions model : an alternative for the analysis of spatio-temporal data

  Random processes are monitored over space and time by a network of stations distributed across a spatial region. Researchers have developed several analysis techniques to model the random process. Some ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The design-based Empirical Orthogonal Functions model : an alternative for the analysis of spatio-temporal data Author: Munoz-Hernandez, Breda Random processes are monitored over space and time by a network of stations distributed across a spatial region. Researchers have developed several analysis techniques to model the random process. Some of them require assumptions on the spatio-temporal variability of the process. An alternative method to analyze spatio-temporal data that does not require any assumption on the variance-covariance matrix is the Empirical Orthogonal Functions (EOF) model. The spatial distribution of the network sites influences the accuracy of the prediction results obtained by the EOF model. Researchers have proposed different methods to address this problem. We propose a model, the design-based EOF model, that incorporates information on the spatio-temporal variability of the process captured by the sampling design used to establish the network. The theoretical development of the model and an application are presented. We also consider the inclusion of auxiliary information into the design-based EOF model with the purpose of interpolating the process to unvisited sites. Interpolation results from the design-based EOF model are illustrated by considering a real data set and compared to spatial interpolation results obtained by using ordinary kriging. With the desire of making the design-based EOF model accessible to those monitoring programs that did not use a sampling probability design to establish the monitoring network, we consider two approaches that provide proper weights to be used in the model. Title: The design-based Empirical Orthogonal Functions model : an alternative for the analysis of spatio-temporal data Author: Munoz-Hernandez, Breda Random processes are monitored over space and time by a network of stations distributed across a spatial region. Researchers have developed several analysis techniques to model the random process. Some of them require assumptions on the spatio-temporal variability of the process. An alternative method to analyze spatio-temporal data that does not require any assumption on the variance-covariance matrix is the Empirical Orthogonal Functions (EOF) model. The spatial distribution of the network sites influences the accuracy of the prediction results obtained by the EOF model. Researchers have proposed different methods to address this problem. We propose a model, the design-based EOF model, that incorporates information on the spatio-temporal variability of the process captured by the sampling design used to establish the network. The theoretical development of the model and an application are presented. We also consider the inclusion of auxiliary information into the design-based EOF model with the purpose of interpolating the process to unvisited sites. Interpolation results from the design-based EOF model are illustrated by considering a real data set and compared to spatial interpolation results obtained by using ordinary kriging. With the desire of making the design-based EOF model accessible to those monitoring programs that did not use a sampling probability design to establish the monitoring network, we consider two approaches that provide proper weights to be used in the model. Close

• 87. [Article] Environmental temperature sensing using Raman spectra DTS fiber-optic methods

  This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by American Geophysical Union and can be found at: http://sites.agu.org/.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Environmental temperature sensing using Raman spectra DTS fiber-optic methods Author: Torgersen, Thomas, Schladow, S. Geoffrey, Hausner, Mark B., Hatch, Christine E., Selker, John S., Tyler, Scott W., Thodal, Carl E. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by American Geophysical Union and can be found at: http://sites.agu.org/. Title: Environmental temperature sensing using Raman spectra DTS fiber-optic methods Author: Torgersen, Thomas, Schladow, S. Geoffrey, Hausner, Mark B., Hatch, Christine E., Selker, John S., Tyler, Scott W., Thodal, Carl E. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by American Geophysical Union and can be found at: http://sites.agu.org/. Close

• 88. [Article] Quantitative Tools for Monitoring Strategy Evaluation and Assessment of Sea Turtle Populations

  Green sea turtles, Chelonia mydas, have endangered and threatened populations globally, but several populations show signs of population recovery. In Hawaii, nesting female green turtles have increased ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Quantitative Tools for Monitoring Strategy Evaluation and Assessment of Sea Turtle Populations Author: Piacenza, Susan E. H. Green sea turtles, Chelonia mydas, have endangered and threatened populations globally, but several populations show signs of population recovery. In Hawaii, nesting female green turtles have increased 5.7% year⁻¹ since 1973, but wide fluctuations in census counts of nesting females make recovery diagnosis difficult. For effective management planning, it is critical to have the best information possible on vital rates, and to determine the best tools and practices for incorporating vital rate information, particularly variability, into population models to assess population size and status. Process and observation errors, compounded by late maturity, obscure the relationship between trends on the nesting beach and the entire population. Using sea turtle nesting beach surveys as a population index for assessment is problematic, yet often pragmatic because this is the only population index that is easily accessible. It is advantageous to use a modelling approach that estimates interannual variability in life history traits, accounts for uncertainty from individual-level variability, and allows for population dynamics to emerge from individual behaviors. To this end, I analyzed a long-term data set of marked green sea turtles to determine the degree of temporal variability in key life history traits. From this analysis, I built an agent-based model (ABM) to form the basis of a new assessment tool -- Monitoring Strategy Evaluation. In Chapter 2, I evaluated annual changes in demographic indicators (DIs) of 3,677 nesting green turtles from a 38-year tagging program in the Hawaiian Islands to determine if key life history traits are changing over time and in response to nester density. I used linear mixed models and multistate open robust design models to estimate several DIs and correlated them with nesting female counts. Mean nester carapace length and breeding probability were highly variable over time, suggesting shifts in age structure that could be due to recruitment. The top-ranked model predicted constant female survival over time. A significant positive relationship between the nesting population and breeding probability was evident, and breeding probability shows promise as an indicator of population recovery. This work contributes to a growing set of studies evaluating sea turtle demography for temporal variability and is the first for Hawaiian green turtles. In Chapter 3, I develop the Green Sea Turtle Agent-Based Model (GSTABM) to evaluate how recovery processes differ across disturbance types. The GSTABM incorporates individually variable age-at-maturity, clutch frequency and clutch size, annually variable breeding probability, environmental stochasticity and density dependence in hatchling production. The GSTABM simulates the process of population impact and recovery and the monitoring process, with observation error, on the nesting beach. The GSTABM captures the emergent patterns of interannual nesting variation, nester recruitment, and realistic population growth rates. Changes in survival rates of the nearshore age-stage classes directly affected adult and nester abundance, population growth rate and nester recruitment more than any of the other input parameters. In simulating 100 years of recovery, experimentally disturbed populations began to increase but did not fully return to pre-disturbance levels in adult and nester abundance, population growth or nester recruitment. In simulations with different levels of monitoring effort, adult abundance was poorly estimated, was influenced by population trajectory and disturbance type, and showed marginal improvements in accuracy with increased detection probability. Estimating recruitment showed improvements with increasing detection levels. In the GSTABM, variability in the nesting beach does not mirror variability in adult abundance. The GSTABM is an important tool to determine relationships with monitoring, population assessment, and the underlying biological processes driving changes in the population, and especially, changes on the nesting beach. In Chapter 4, I develop a new simulation-based tool: Monitoring Strategy Evaluation (MoSE) to determine which data source yields the most useful information for population assessments. The MoSE has three main components: the simulated "true" operating, observation, and estimation models. To explore this first use of MoSE, I apply different treatments of disturbance, sampling, and detection to the virtual "true" population, and then sample the nests or nesters, with observation error, to test if the observation "data" accurately diagnose population status indicators. Based on the observed data, I estimated adult abundance, nester recruitment, and population trend and compare them to the known values. I tested the accuracy of the estimated abundance when annually varying inputs of breeding probability, detection and clutch frequency were used instead of constants. I also explored the improvement of trend accuracy with increased study duration. Disturbance type and severity can have important and persistent effects on the accuracy of population assessments drawn from monitoring rookeries. Accuracy in abundance estimates may be most improved by avoiding clutch frequency bias in sampling and including annually varying inputs in the estimation model. Accuracy of nester recruitment may be most improved by increasing detection level and avoiding age-bias in sampling. The accuracy of estimating population trend is most influenced by the underlying population trajectory, disturbance type and disturbance severity. At least 10 years of monitoring data are necessary to accurately estimate population trend, and longer if juvenile age classes were disturbed and trend estimates occur during the recovery phase. The MoSE is an important tool for sea turtle biologists and conservation managers and allows biologists to make informed decisions regarding the best monitoring strategies to employ for sea turtles. This modeling framework is designed to provide an evaluation of monitoring program effectiveness to assist in planning future programs for sea turtles. Altogether, my research suggests certain life history traits of green sea turtles have important temporal variation that should be accounted for in population models, understanding the relationships between nesting and the total population is essential, and basing population assessments from nesting beach data alone is likely to result in incorrect or biased estimates of status indicators. The quantitative tools employed here can be applied to other sea turtle populations and will improve monitoring, and result in better estimates of current population trends and enhance conservation for all species of sea turtles. Title: Quantitative Tools for Monitoring Strategy Evaluation and Assessment of Sea Turtle Populations Author: Piacenza, Susan E. H. Green sea turtles, Chelonia mydas, have endangered and threatened populations globally, but several populations show signs of population recovery. In Hawaii, nesting female green turtles have increased 5.7% year⁻¹ since 1973, but wide fluctuations in census counts of nesting females make recovery diagnosis difficult. For effective management planning, it is critical to have the best information possible on vital rates, and to determine the best tools and practices for incorporating vital rate information, particularly variability, into population models to assess population size and status. Process and observation errors, compounded by late maturity, obscure the relationship between trends on the nesting beach and the entire population. Using sea turtle nesting beach surveys as a population index for assessment is problematic, yet often pragmatic because this is the only population index that is easily accessible. It is advantageous to use a modelling approach that estimates interannual variability in life history traits, accounts for uncertainty from individual-level variability, and allows for population dynamics to emerge from individual behaviors. To this end, I analyzed a long-term data set of marked green sea turtles to determine the degree of temporal variability in key life history traits. From this analysis, I built an agent-based model (ABM) to form the basis of a new assessment tool -- Monitoring Strategy Evaluation. In Chapter 2, I evaluated annual changes in demographic indicators (DIs) of 3,677 nesting green turtles from a 38-year tagging program in the Hawaiian Islands to determine if key life history traits are changing over time and in response to nester density. I used linear mixed models and multistate open robust design models to estimate several DIs and correlated them with nesting female counts. Mean nester carapace length and breeding probability were highly variable over time, suggesting shifts in age structure that could be due to recruitment. The top-ranked model predicted constant female survival over time. A significant positive relationship between the nesting population and breeding probability was evident, and breeding probability shows promise as an indicator of population recovery. This work contributes to a growing set of studies evaluating sea turtle demography for temporal variability and is the first for Hawaiian green turtles. In Chapter 3, I develop the Green Sea Turtle Agent-Based Model (GSTABM) to evaluate how recovery processes differ across disturbance types. The GSTABM incorporates individually variable age-at-maturity, clutch frequency and clutch size, annually variable breeding probability, environmental stochasticity and density dependence in hatchling production. The GSTABM simulates the process of population impact and recovery and the monitoring process, with observation error, on the nesting beach. The GSTABM captures the emergent patterns of interannual nesting variation, nester recruitment, and realistic population growth rates. Changes in survival rates of the nearshore age-stage classes directly affected adult and nester abundance, population growth rate and nester recruitment more than any of the other input parameters. In simulating 100 years of recovery, experimentally disturbed populations began to increase but did not fully return to pre-disturbance levels in adult and nester abundance, population growth or nester recruitment. In simulations with different levels of monitoring effort, adult abundance was poorly estimated, was influenced by population trajectory and disturbance type, and showed marginal improvements in accuracy with increased detection probability. Estimating recruitment showed improvements with increasing detection levels. In the GSTABM, variability in the nesting beach does not mirror variability in adult abundance. The GSTABM is an important tool to determine relationships with monitoring, population assessment, and the underlying biological processes driving changes in the population, and especially, changes on the nesting beach. In Chapter 4, I develop a new simulation-based tool: Monitoring Strategy Evaluation (MoSE) to determine which data source yields the most useful information for population assessments. The MoSE has three main components: the simulated "true" operating, observation, and estimation models. To explore this first use of MoSE, I apply different treatments of disturbance, sampling, and detection to the virtual "true" population, and then sample the nests or nesters, with observation error, to test if the observation "data" accurately diagnose population status indicators. Based on the observed data, I estimated adult abundance, nester recruitment, and population trend and compare them to the known values. I tested the accuracy of the estimated abundance when annually varying inputs of breeding probability, detection and clutch frequency were used instead of constants. I also explored the improvement of trend accuracy with increased study duration. Disturbance type and severity can have important and persistent effects on the accuracy of population assessments drawn from monitoring rookeries. Accuracy in abundance estimates may be most improved by avoiding clutch frequency bias in sampling and including annually varying inputs in the estimation model. Accuracy of nester recruitment may be most improved by increasing detection level and avoiding age-bias in sampling. The accuracy of estimating population trend is most influenced by the underlying population trajectory, disturbance type and disturbance severity. At least 10 years of monitoring data are necessary to accurately estimate population trend, and longer if juvenile age classes were disturbed and trend estimates occur during the recovery phase. The MoSE is an important tool for sea turtle biologists and conservation managers and allows biologists to make informed decisions regarding the best monitoring strategies to employ for sea turtles. This modeling framework is designed to provide an evaluation of monitoring program effectiveness to assist in planning future programs for sea turtles. Altogether, my research suggests certain life history traits of green sea turtles have important temporal variation that should be accounted for in population models, understanding the relationships between nesting and the total population is essential, and basing population assessments from nesting beach data alone is likely to result in incorrect or biased estimates of status indicators. The quantitative tools employed here can be applied to other sea turtle populations and will improve monitoring, and result in better estimates of current population trends and enhance conservation for all species of sea turtles. Close

• 89. [Article] Texture analysis riparian coniferous forest ADAR imagery to identify potential ecological indicators for monitoring

  The Airborne Data Acquisition and Registration (ADAR) remote sensing system captured one-meter resolution imagery of 25 different riparian sites in drift Creek Basin of coastal northwestern Oregon, USA. ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Texture analysis riparian coniferous forest ADAR imagery to identify potential ecological indicators for monitoring Author: Fiorella, M., Barker, Jerry R., Ringold, P.L., Bradshaw, Gay, Bollman, Mike The Airborne Data Acquisition and Registration (ADAR) remote sensing system captured one-meter resolution imagery of 25 different riparian sites in drift Creek Basin of coastal northwestern Oregon, USA. The multispectral, digital data characterized riparian areas with the intent to develop ecological indicators for long-term monitoring. Title: Texture analysis riparian coniferous forest ADAR imagery to identify potential ecological indicators for monitoring Author: Fiorella, M., Barker, Jerry R., Ringold, P.L., Bradshaw, Gay, Bollman, Mike The Airborne Data Acquisition and Registration (ADAR) remote sensing system captured one-meter resolution imagery of 25 different riparian sites in drift Creek Basin of coastal northwestern Oregon, USA. The multispectral, digital data characterized riparian areas with the intent to develop ecological indicators for long-term monitoring. Close

• 90. [Article] Monitoring and evaluating citizen-agency interactions: a framework developed for adaptive management

  As the Forest Service and the Bureau of Land Management turn toward ecosystem and adaptive models of forest stewardship, they are being called on to develop meaningful and lasting relations with citizens. ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Monitoring and evaluating citizen-agency interactions: a framework developed for adaptive management Author: Cheek, Kristin Aldred, Shindler, Bruce, Stankey, George H. As the Forest Service and the Bureau of Land Management turn toward ecosystem and adaptive models of forest stewardship, they are being called on to develop meaningful and lasting relations with citizens. These new management styles require not only improved strategies for public involvement but also methods to examine the interactions between citizens and agencies in orders to learn from such experiences. Using the general principles of adaptive management--which stress monitoring, evaluation, and adjustment--this report provides a comprehensive framework to help agency personnel and citizens to work together. This report describes the adaptive management concept, summarizes research about the goals and characteristics of successful public involvement, and lays out a framework for monitoring and evaluating citizen-agency interactions. Although designed for adaptive management settings, the framework is well suited to other situations where improving these interactions is a priority. Title: Monitoring and evaluating citizen-agency interactions: a framework developed for adaptive management Author: Cheek, Kristin Aldred, Shindler, Bruce, Stankey, George H. As the Forest Service and the Bureau of Land Management turn toward ecosystem and adaptive models of forest stewardship, they are being called on to develop meaningful and lasting relations with citizens. These new management styles require not only improved strategies for public involvement but also methods to examine the interactions between citizens and agencies in orders to learn from such experiences. Using the general principles of adaptive management--which stress monitoring, evaluation, and adjustment--this report provides a comprehensive framework to help agency personnel and citizens to work together. This report describes the adaptive management concept, summarizes research about the goals and characteristics of successful public involvement, and lays out a framework for monitoring and evaluating citizen-agency interactions. Although designed for adaptive management settings, the framework is well suited to other situations where improving these interactions is a priority. Close

• 91. [Article] Designing a Monitoring Program to Estimate Estuarine Survival of Anadromous Salmon Smolts: Simulating the Effect of Sample Design on Inference

  To the best of our knowledge, one or more authors of this paper were federal employees when contributing to this work. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The article was published by the Public Library ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Designing a Monitoring Program to Estimate Estuarine Survival of Anadromous Salmon Smolts: Simulating the Effect of Sample Design on Inference Author: Schreck, Carl B., Gitelman, Alix I., Romer, Jeremy D., Clements, Shaun To the best of our knowledge, one or more authors of this paper were federal employees when contributing to this work. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The article was published by the Public Library of Science and is in the public domain. The published article can be found at: http://www.plosone.org/. Title: Designing a Monitoring Program to Estimate Estuarine Survival of Anadromous Salmon Smolts: Simulating the Effect of Sample Design on Inference Author: Schreck, Carl B., Gitelman, Alix I., Romer, Jeremy D., Clements, Shaun To the best of our knowledge, one or more authors of this paper were federal employees when contributing to this work. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The article was published by the Public Library of Science and is in the public domain. The published article can be found at: http://www.plosone.org/. Close

• 92. [Article] Spectral analysis of seismic noise induced by rivers: a new tool to monitor spatiotemporal changes in stream hydrodynamics

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Spectral analysis of seismic noise induced by rivers: a new tool to monitor spatiotemporal changes in stream hydrodynamics Author: Burtin, A., Cattin, R., Nabelek, John L., Bollinger, L., Vergne, J. Title: Spectral analysis of seismic noise induced by rivers: a new tool to monitor spatiotemporal changes in stream hydrodynamics Author: Burtin, A., Cattin, R., Nabelek, John L., Bollinger, L., Vergne, J. Close

• 93. [Article] Mobile Autonomous Passive Acoustic Monitoring of Marine Mammals in the Catalina Basin

  Traditional visual survey methods for marine mammals can only detect a fraction of the animals present. Even if the animal can be observed from the surface, visual limitations such as time of day and weather ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Mobile Autonomous Passive Acoustic Monitoring of Marine Mammals in the Catalina Basin Author: Edison, Ciera Traditional visual survey methods for marine mammals can only detect a fraction of the animals present. Even if the animal can be observed from the surface, visual limitations such as time of day and weather conditions can impede this ability. Recent advances in passive acoustic monitoring technologies have led to the development of mobile autonomous platforms for recording marine mammals. These instruments may allow for improved monitoring of species presence through greater spatial and temporal sampling capabilities. We deployed two types of commercially available platforms in the Catalina Basin in late July through early August 2016. The QUEphone, based on the APEX float (Teledyne Webb Research, Falmouth, MA, USA), is a buoyancy-driven device that dove to 1,000 m where it drifted horizontally with the currents. The Seaglider (Kongsberg Underwater Technology, Lynwood, WA, USA) is also buoyancy-driven, but repeatedly dove down to 1000 m and traversed back and forth across the survey area. Using MATLAB based software Triton, (Scripps Whale Acoustics Laboratory, La Jolla, CA), and Raven (Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY) programs, I analyzed the acoustic data both visually and aurally using long term spectrogram analysis. The most prevalent species were unidentified delphinids, with 240 of 313 hours containing calls. Marine mammal detections also included unidentified otariid, Risso’s dolphins, and blue, humpback, minke, and Cuvier’s beaked whales. These data will be used to compare the detection capabilities of the QUEphone and Seaglider, contributing to the advancement of the use of these instruments in marine mammal surveys. Title: Mobile Autonomous Passive Acoustic Monitoring of Marine Mammals in the Catalina Basin Author: Edison, Ciera Traditional visual survey methods for marine mammals can only detect a fraction of the animals present. Even if the animal can be observed from the surface, visual limitations such as time of day and weather conditions can impede this ability. Recent advances in passive acoustic monitoring technologies have led to the development of mobile autonomous platforms for recording marine mammals. These instruments may allow for improved monitoring of species presence through greater spatial and temporal sampling capabilities. We deployed two types of commercially available platforms in the Catalina Basin in late July through early August 2016. The QUEphone, based on the APEX float (Teledyne Webb Research, Falmouth, MA, USA), is a buoyancy-driven device that dove to 1,000 m where it drifted horizontally with the currents. The Seaglider (Kongsberg Underwater Technology, Lynwood, WA, USA) is also buoyancy-driven, but repeatedly dove down to 1000 m and traversed back and forth across the survey area. Using MATLAB based software Triton, (Scripps Whale Acoustics Laboratory, La Jolla, CA), and Raven (Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY) programs, I analyzed the acoustic data both visually and aurally using long term spectrogram analysis. The most prevalent species were unidentified delphinids, with 240 of 313 hours containing calls. Marine mammal detections also included unidentified otariid, Risso’s dolphins, and blue, humpback, minke, and Cuvier’s beaked whales. These data will be used to compare the detection capabilities of the QUEphone and Seaglider, contributing to the advancement of the use of these instruments in marine mammal surveys. Close

• 94. [Article] Surfrider Foundation and Oregon Coast Aquarium: Surfrider’s Cooperative Water Quality Sampling Program

  PDF of PowerPoint Presentation (13 slides)

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Surfrider Foundation and Oregon Coast Aquarium: Surfrider’s Cooperative Water Quality Sampling Program Author: Plybon, Charlie, Surfrider Foundation, Oregon Coast Aquarium PDF of PowerPoint Presentation (13 slides) Title: Surfrider Foundation and Oregon Coast Aquarium: Surfrider’s Cooperative Water Quality Sampling Program Author: Plybon, Charlie, Surfrider Foundation, Oregon Coast Aquarium PDF of PowerPoint Presentation (13 slides) Close

• 95. [Article] A Game Theoretic Model of Monitoring and Compliance in Fishery Cooperatives

  Suggested Bibliographic Reference: Challenging New Frontiers in the Global Seafood Sector: Proceedings of the Eighteenth Biennial Conference of the International Institute of Fisheries Economics and Trade, ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: A Game Theoretic Model of Monitoring and Compliance in Fishery Cooperatives Author: Holland, Dan, Bellanger, Manuel, Anderson, Chris, Macher, Claire, Guyader, Olivier Year: 2016 Suggested Bibliographic Reference: Challenging New Frontiers in the Global Seafood Sector: Proceedings of the Eighteenth Biennial Conference of the International Institute of Fisheries Economics and Trade, July 11-15, 2016. Compiled by Stefani J. Evers and Ann L. Shriver. International Institute of Fisheries Economics and Trade (IIFET), Corvallis, 2016. Title: A Game Theoretic Model of Monitoring and Compliance in Fishery Cooperatives Author: Holland, Dan, Bellanger, Manuel, Anderson, Chris, Macher, Claire, Guyader, Olivier Year: 2016 Suggested Bibliographic Reference: Challenging New Frontiers in the Global Seafood Sector: Proceedings of the Eighteenth Biennial Conference of the International Institute of Fisheries Economics and Trade, July 11-15, 2016. Compiled by Stefani J. Evers and Ann L. Shriver. International Institute of Fisheries Economics and Trade (IIFET), Corvallis, 2016. Close

• 96. [Article] AndersonKimEnvironmentalMolecularToxicologyBioaccessibilityOfMetals.pdf

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: AndersonKimEnvironmentalMolecularToxicologyBioaccessibilityOfMetals.pdf Author: Anderson, Kim A., Hillwalker, Wendy E. Title: AndersonKimEnvironmentalMolecularToxicologyBioaccessibilityOfMetals.pdf Author: Anderson, Kim A., Hillwalker, Wendy E. Close

• 97. [Article] AndersonKimEnvironmentalMolecularToxicologyBioaccessibilityOfMetalsSupplementaryData.pdf

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: AndersonKimEnvironmentalMolecularToxicologyBioaccessibilityOfMetalsSupplementaryData.pdf Author: Anderson, Kim A., Hillwalker, Wendy E. Title: AndersonKimEnvironmentalMolecularToxicologyBioaccessibilityOfMetalsSupplementaryData.pdf Author: Anderson, Kim A., Hillwalker, Wendy E. Close

• 98. [Article] A continuous amperometric monitor for aqueous sulfite solutions using bipolar current readout

  A continuous amperometric monitor for aqueous sulfite solutions has been developed employing the electro-oxidation of sulfur (IV) in 0. 1 M sulfuric acid at a glassy carbon test electrode. The monitor employs ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: A continuous amperometric monitor for aqueous sulfite solutions using bipolar current readout Author: Porter, Miles John A continuous amperometric monitor for aqueous sulfite solutions has been developed employing the electro-oxidation of sulfur (IV) in 0. 1 M sulfuric acid at a glassy carbon test electrode. The monitor employs a hydrodynamic flow cell, in which the solution stream enters the cell through an orifice impinging on the test electrode, and a potentiostat which gives a bipolar current readout, which is positive or negative depending on whether the sample concentration is greater than or less than a set-point concentration. A conventional reference electrode is used in this system, rather than a bipolar electrode, as has been used in some previously developed systems. The sulfur (IV) system was studied voltammetrically both with a rotating glassy carbon electrode, and with the flow cell. At a constant test electrode potential of +1. 50 volts vs. SCE it was found that the anodic limiting current was directly proportional to cell concentration of S (IV), and that the bipolar current was directly proportional to the deviation of that concentration from a set-point concentration, if the temperature and all flow rates remained constant. Significant errors were found to occur if temperature and flow rates were not held constant. In order to compensate for calibration changes caused by variations in temperature and flow rate, a pumping system involving two pumps and a mixing chamber was developed which allowed a standard addition procedure to be carried out with the flow cell. A standard addition equation was developed in which all of the instrumental parameters were eliminated, giving the concentration of a sample in terms of the concentration of a standard solution and two measurements of current. The standard addition procedure was evaluated experimentally, and was found to be effective in compensating for the calibration variations which occurred when the temperature and flow rates were changed. In order to improve the accuracy of the standard addition procedure, suggestions are made with regard to reducing the response time of the system. The merits of using the continuous monitor in the standard addition mode of operation are compared with the merits of a direct bipolar concentration readout. Title: A continuous amperometric monitor for aqueous sulfite solutions using bipolar current readout Author: Porter, Miles John A continuous amperometric monitor for aqueous sulfite solutions has been developed employing the electro-oxidation of sulfur (IV) in 0. 1 M sulfuric acid at a glassy carbon test electrode. The monitor employs a hydrodynamic flow cell, in which the solution stream enters the cell through an orifice impinging on the test electrode, and a potentiostat which gives a bipolar current readout, which is positive or negative depending on whether the sample concentration is greater than or less than a set-point concentration. A conventional reference electrode is used in this system, rather than a bipolar electrode, as has been used in some previously developed systems. The sulfur (IV) system was studied voltammetrically both with a rotating glassy carbon electrode, and with the flow cell. At a constant test electrode potential of +1. 50 volts vs. SCE it was found that the anodic limiting current was directly proportional to cell concentration of S (IV), and that the bipolar current was directly proportional to the deviation of that concentration from a set-point concentration, if the temperature and all flow rates remained constant. Significant errors were found to occur if temperature and flow rates were not held constant. In order to compensate for calibration changes caused by variations in temperature and flow rate, a pumping system involving two pumps and a mixing chamber was developed which allowed a standard addition procedure to be carried out with the flow cell. A standard addition equation was developed in which all of the instrumental parameters were eliminated, giving the concentration of a sample in terms of the concentration of a standard solution and two measurements of current. The standard addition procedure was evaluated experimentally, and was found to be effective in compensating for the calibration variations which occurred when the temperature and flow rates were changed. In order to improve the accuracy of the standard addition procedure, suggestions are made with regard to reducing the response time of the system. The merits of using the continuous monitor in the standard addition mode of operation are compared with the merits of a direct bipolar concentration readout. Close

• 99. [Article] Assessing mental workload and situation awareness in the evaluation of real-time, critical user interfaces

  While there are many ways to evaluate a user interface design, the user's mental workload and situation awareness (SA) are particularly important considerations in the supervisory control of safety-critical ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Assessing mental workload and situation awareness in the evaluation of real-time, critical user interfaces Author: Strawn, Jordan J. While there are many ways to evaluate a user interface design, the user's mental workload and situation awareness (SA) are particularly important considerations in the supervisory control of safety-critical systems. Typically, operators of these systems must monitor high-volume, time-sensitive status information. Interface design for this domain can be challenging and should consider both workload and SA, because presenting too much information can lead to cognitive overload. For highly automated systems, operator underload and poor SA are also potential issues. This study reviewed subjective and objective techniques for assessing workload and SA, and analyzed the suitability of each. In recommending a suite of measures, we sought general applicability to the real-time, critical application domain, but we focused particularly on next-generation multi-modular reactor control rooms. Based on a human factors experiment in which each participant monitored and controlled multiple simulated reactors, we recommend the NASA-TLX instrument and a chest-band heart rate monitor for assessing mental workload. For the assessment of SA, we recommend using eye gaze data. In support of summarizing the results of user interface evaluation along multiple dimensions (e.g., workload, SA, user error), we propose that these inter-related constructs be presented in a single, standardized, task-based format. Title: Assessing mental workload and situation awareness in the evaluation of real-time, critical user interfaces Author: Strawn, Jordan J. While there are many ways to evaluate a user interface design, the user's mental workload and situation awareness (SA) are particularly important considerations in the supervisory control of safety-critical systems. Typically, operators of these systems must monitor high-volume, time-sensitive status information. Interface design for this domain can be challenging and should consider both workload and SA, because presenting too much information can lead to cognitive overload. For highly automated systems, operator underload and poor SA are also potential issues. This study reviewed subjective and objective techniques for assessing workload and SA, and analyzed the suitability of each. In recommending a suite of measures, we sought general applicability to the real-time, critical application domain, but we focused particularly on next-generation multi-modular reactor control rooms. Based on a human factors experiment in which each participant monitored and controlled multiple simulated reactors, we recommend the NASA-TLX instrument and a chest-band heart rate monitor for assessing mental workload. For the assessment of SA, we recommend using eye gaze data. In support of summarizing the results of user interface evaluation along multiple dimensions (e.g., workload, SA, user error), we propose that these inter-related constructs be presented in a single, standardized, task-based format. Close

• 100. [Article] Nonintrusive intelligent monitoring for nuclear power plant emergency classification

  A prototype real-time process monitoring emergency classification expert system, RT/EM-CLASS, has been developed for use at the Trojan Nuclear Power Plant. This knowledge-based system features the integration ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Nonintrusive intelligent monitoring for nuclear power plant emergency classification Author: Greene, Kenneth R. (Kenneth Ray), 1958- A prototype real-time process monitoring emergency classification expert system, RT/EM-CLASS, has been developed for use at the Trojan Nuclear Power Plant. This knowledge-based system features the integration of electronically sensed plant data with the menu selection data representation of its predecessor, EM-CLASS. This prototype demonstrates the techniques required to acquire plant process data from another computer and use that data in an expert system to determine the proper Emergency Action Level. Several benefits are realized by the RT/EM-CLASS application. These include: The resources required to make a classification are reduced thereby freeing the responsible person to devote time to other important tasks. The classification may be completed more often and with better data than the current system allows. The human user is less likely to make an erroneous Emergency Action Level classification. Prototype implementation required resolution of an efficiency problem of relating plant process data to the expert system data forms. This was achieved through the development of multi-conditional rules that significantly reduce the size of the rule set. The development of RT/EM-CLASS presents a methodology for building knowledge based applications that perform nonintrusive real-time monitoring of dynamic systems. This methodology features Use of existing analytical and Al tools where possible Monitoring of a dynamic system Non-intrusive acquisition of data from the system This technology might be applied to portions of the nuclear engineering design process (control rod programming in Boiling Water Reactors, for example) to emulate the guidance and activities of an expert. A substantial portion of the effort by the expert engineer involves preparation of the code input, running the computer code, analyzing the results, and based on the results, deciding what case to submit next. A suitably designed expert system could act in the place of the engineer in this dynamic design process. This methodology has been tested against the 1988 emergency exercise at the Trojan Nuclear Power Plant. Title: Nonintrusive intelligent monitoring for nuclear power plant emergency classification Author: Greene, Kenneth R. (Kenneth Ray), 1958- A prototype real-time process monitoring emergency classification expert system, RT/EM-CLASS, has been developed for use at the Trojan Nuclear Power Plant. This knowledge-based system features the integration of electronically sensed plant data with the menu selection data representation of its predecessor, EM-CLASS. This prototype demonstrates the techniques required to acquire plant process data from another computer and use that data in an expert system to determine the proper Emergency Action Level. Several benefits are realized by the RT/EM-CLASS application. These include: The resources required to make a classification are reduced thereby freeing the responsible person to devote time to other important tasks. The classification may be completed more often and with better data than the current system allows. The human user is less likely to make an erroneous Emergency Action Level classification. Prototype implementation required resolution of an efficiency problem of relating plant process data to the expert system data forms. This was achieved through the development of multi-conditional rules that significantly reduce the size of the rule set. The development of RT/EM-CLASS presents a methodology for building knowledge based applications that perform nonintrusive real-time monitoring of dynamic systems. This methodology features Use of existing analytical and Al tools where possible Monitoring of a dynamic system Non-intrusive acquisition of data from the system This technology might be applied to portions of the nuclear engineering design process (control rod programming in Boiling Water Reactors, for example) to emulate the guidance and activities of an expert. A substantial portion of the effort by the expert engineer involves preparation of the code input, running the computer code, analyzing the results, and based on the results, deciding what case to submit next. A suitably designed expert system could act in the place of the engineer in this dynamic design process. This methodology has been tested against the 1988 emergency exercise at the Trojan Nuclear Power Plant. Close