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• 1. [Article] The Valuation of Marine Ecosystems in West Africa: A tool for Decision-Making in Ecosystems Management and MPA Governance

  Abstract only.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The Valuation of Marine Ecosystems in West Africa: A tool for Decision-Making in Ecosystems Management and MPA Governance Author: Failler, Pierre, Binet, Thomas Abstract only. Title: The Valuation of Marine Ecosystems in West Africa: A tool for Decision-Making in Ecosystems Management and MPA Governance Author: Failler, Pierre, Binet, Thomas Abstract only. Close

• 2. [Article] Foundations for Effective Marine Ecosystem Management

  Research Paper

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Foundations for Effective Marine Ecosystem Management Author: McClurg, Tom Research Paper Title: Foundations for Effective Marine Ecosystem Management Author: McClurg, Tom Research Paper Close

• 3. [Article] Economics of Joint Management of the Resources of the Benguela Current Large Marine Ecosystem

  Research Paper

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Economics of Joint Management of the Resources of the Benguela Current Large Marine Ecosystem Author: Sumaila, Ussif Rashid, Keith, Heather, Munro, Gordon Research Paper Title: Economics of Joint Management of the Resources of the Benguela Current Large Marine Ecosystem Author: Sumaila, Ussif Rashid, Keith, Heather, Munro, Gordon Research Paper Close

• 4. [Article] Advances in Marine Ecosystem Dynamics from US GLOBEC: The Horizontal-Advection Bottom-up Forcing Paradigm

  This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by the Oceanography Society and can be found at: http://www.tos.org/oceanography/index.html.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Advances in Marine Ecosystem Dynamics from US GLOBEC: The Horizontal-Advection Bottom-up Forcing Paradigm Author: Hofmann, Eileen E., Mountain, David, Di Lorenzo, Emanuele, Bond, Nicholas, Batchelder, Harold P. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by the Oceanography Society and can be found at: http://www.tos.org/oceanography/index.html. Title: Advances in Marine Ecosystem Dynamics from US GLOBEC: The Horizontal-Advection Bottom-up Forcing Paradigm Author: Hofmann, Eileen E., Mountain, David, Di Lorenzo, Emanuele, Bond, Nicholas, Batchelder, Harold P. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by the Oceanography Society and can be found at: http://www.tos.org/oceanography/index.html. Close

• 5. [Article] Forage Fish in the California Current Large Marine Ecosystem: Ecological Linkages, Current Catches and Values

  Abstract only.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Forage Fish in the California Current Large Marine Ecosystem: Ecological Linkages, Current Catches and Values Author: Cisneros-Montemayor, Andres, Sumaila, Rashid Abstract only. Title: Forage Fish in the California Current Large Marine Ecosystem: Ecological Linkages, Current Catches and Values Author: Cisneros-Montemayor, Andres, Sumaila, Rashid Abstract only. Close

• 6. [Article] A Comparative Assessment of Damages to Fisheries Livelihood in Villages Affected By the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami

  Research Paper

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: A Comparative Assessment of Damages to Fisheries Livelihood in Villages Affected By the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami Author: Mamiit, Rusyan Jill Research Paper Title: A Comparative Assessment of Damages to Fisheries Livelihood in Villages Affected By the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami Author: Mamiit, Rusyan Jill Research Paper Close

• 7. [Article] Fishing in a Shallow Lake: A Case for Effort Controls?

  In many situation, fishing activity adversely impacts the state of the marine ecosystem, impacts which feed back to affect fish stocks. Some ecosystems appear to have multiple equilibria and exhibit hysteresis, ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Fishing in a Shallow Lake: A Case for Effort Controls? Author: Janmaat, John, Ruijs, Arjan In many situation, fishing activity adversely impacts the state of the marine ecosystem, impacts which feed back to affect fish stocks. Some ecosystems appear to have multiple equilibria and exhibit hysteresis, whereby they can become stuck in low productivity states. We show how adding ecosystem dynamics to a classic fisheries model can introduce hysteresis impacts, impacts that affect both the evolution of the fish stock and the fishery harvesting it. We demonstrate that harvest and effort taxes are not equivalent instruments for controlling this externality. We also show that if the fishery is sufficiently degraded, it may not be optimal to move the system back to a healthy environment. Title: Fishing in a Shallow Lake: A Case for Effort Controls? Author: Janmaat, John, Ruijs, Arjan In many situation, fishing activity adversely impacts the state of the marine ecosystem, impacts which feed back to affect fish stocks. Some ecosystems appear to have multiple equilibria and exhibit hysteresis, whereby they can become stuck in low productivity states. We show how adding ecosystem dynamics to a classic fisheries model can introduce hysteresis impacts, impacts that affect both the evolution of the fish stock and the fishery harvesting it. We demonstrate that harvest and effort taxes are not equivalent instruments for controlling this externality. We also show that if the fishery is sufficiently degraded, it may not be optimal to move the system back to a healthy environment. Close

• 8. [Article] A New Proposal of Sustainable Seafood Markets Index (Smi): the Case Study of the Port of Vigo (Spain)

  No poster available.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: A New Proposal of Sustainable Seafood Markets Index (Smi): the Case Study of the Port of Vigo (Spain) Author: Villasante, Sebastian, Rodriguez, Gonzalo No poster available. Title: A New Proposal of Sustainable Seafood Markets Index (Smi): the Case Study of the Port of Vigo (Spain) Author: Villasante, Sebastian, Rodriguez, Gonzalo No poster available. Close

• 9. [Article] A community-based approach for evaluating tradeoffs across marine ecosystem services in Oregon

  As competing uses of our coastlines increase, natural resource agencies are employing marine spatial planning (MSP) to designate areas for different uses or activities in order to reduce conflicts while ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: A community-based approach for evaluating tradeoffs across marine ecosystem services in Oregon Author: Freeman, Peter M. As competing uses of our coastlines increase, natural resource agencies are employing marine spatial planning (MSP) to designate areas for different uses or activities in order to reduce conflicts while achieving ecological, economic and social objectives. A central challenge of implementing MSP is development of a rigorous approach for analyzing tradeoffs across the provision of ecosystem services (i.e., the benefits humans receive from nature). This study develops an operational approach to this problem that is founded on community-based methods, ecological production theory, and multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA). The approach merges ecological models with surveys to identify marine ecosystem services for use in tradeoff analysis. The approach allows for a single set of marine ecosystem services to at once be valued by local stakeholders and measured by biologists, thus connecting social and biological monitoring efforts. To develop the approach in a real-world context, I examined ecosystem services associated with nearshore marine ecosystems in Oregon, where marine reserves are being introduced for biodiversity conservation. I worked with stakeholder focus groups in three Oregon communities to identify 24 marine ecosystem services. I then linked the ecosystem services with ecological indicators, which I then consolidated to derive 11 items for use in a survey-based tradeoff analysis exercise. I administered the survey to a nonrandom sample of stakeholders in Oregon (n=31), from which their relative preferences and preference weights for ecosystem services were derived. The weights and preference measures may then be used in MSP decision-making. Furthermore, I grouped the stakeholder survey data in three ways: by location of residence (coastal vs. non-coastal), by eight categories of affiliation (e.g., business owners, conservationists, commercial and recreational fishers, etc.), and by resource use patterns. I then analyzed the various groupings of stakeholders for within- and between-group homogeneity of preferences. Results of the analyses showed that there are statistically significant variations in preferences within and between most groupings. Capturing the variations in stakeholder preferences is important when developing policies that affect different stakeholder groups. Thus, when implementing the survey instrument, I suggest random sampling of stakeholders stratified by location, affiliation, and resource use. This study provides one of the first examples of a systems-based approach to ecosystem service valuation operationalized to inform MSP, and novel features of the approach have a number of implications for advancing marine research and management. First, by using stakeholders to identify ecosystem services, the approach allows for a tailored implementation of ecosystem-based management at the community level. Second, by integrating ecological and economic information on the provision and value of ecosystem services, the approach provides relevant data for MSP decision-making during the siting, evaluation, and monitoring stages. And third, by applying both stated-preference and MCDA methods, the approach may capture the array of values represented by diverse stakeholder groups. Title: A community-based approach for evaluating tradeoffs across marine ecosystem services in Oregon Author: Freeman, Peter M. As competing uses of our coastlines increase, natural resource agencies are employing marine spatial planning (MSP) to designate areas for different uses or activities in order to reduce conflicts while achieving ecological, economic and social objectives. A central challenge of implementing MSP is development of a rigorous approach for analyzing tradeoffs across the provision of ecosystem services (i.e., the benefits humans receive from nature). This study develops an operational approach to this problem that is founded on community-based methods, ecological production theory, and multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA). The approach merges ecological models with surveys to identify marine ecosystem services for use in tradeoff analysis. The approach allows for a single set of marine ecosystem services to at once be valued by local stakeholders and measured by biologists, thus connecting social and biological monitoring efforts. To develop the approach in a real-world context, I examined ecosystem services associated with nearshore marine ecosystems in Oregon, where marine reserves are being introduced for biodiversity conservation. I worked with stakeholder focus groups in three Oregon communities to identify 24 marine ecosystem services. I then linked the ecosystem services with ecological indicators, which I then consolidated to derive 11 items for use in a survey-based tradeoff analysis exercise. I administered the survey to a nonrandom sample of stakeholders in Oregon (n=31), from which their relative preferences and preference weights for ecosystem services were derived. The weights and preference measures may then be used in MSP decision-making. Furthermore, I grouped the stakeholder survey data in three ways: by location of residence (coastal vs. non-coastal), by eight categories of affiliation (e.g., business owners, conservationists, commercial and recreational fishers, etc.), and by resource use patterns. I then analyzed the various groupings of stakeholders for within- and between-group homogeneity of preferences. Results of the analyses showed that there are statistically significant variations in preferences within and between most groupings. Capturing the variations in stakeholder preferences is important when developing policies that affect different stakeholder groups. Thus, when implementing the survey instrument, I suggest random sampling of stakeholders stratified by location, affiliation, and resource use. This study provides one of the first examples of a systems-based approach to ecosystem service valuation operationalized to inform MSP, and novel features of the approach have a number of implications for advancing marine research and management. First, by using stakeholders to identify ecosystem services, the approach allows for a tailored implementation of ecosystem-based management at the community level. Second, by integrating ecological and economic information on the provision and value of ecosystem services, the approach provides relevant data for MSP decision-making during the siting, evaluation, and monitoring stages. And third, by applying both stated-preference and MCDA methods, the approach may capture the array of values represented by diverse stakeholder groups. Close

• 10. [Article] Ecosystem Management: A Management View

  No poster available.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Ecosystem Management: A Management View Author: Ravn-Jonsen, Lars J. No poster available. Title: Ecosystem Management: A Management View Author: Ravn-Jonsen, Lars J. No poster available. Close

• 11. [Article] Delayed upwelling alters nearshore coastal ocean ecosystems in the northern California current

  This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by The National Academy of Sciences of the USA and can be found at: http://www.pnas.org/.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Delayed upwelling alters nearshore coastal ocean ecosystems in the northern California current Author: Menge, Bruce A., McManus, Margaret A., Chan, Francis, Lubchenco, Jane, Kirincich, Anthony R., Barth, John A., Bane, John M., Nielsen, Karina J., Washburn, Libe, Pierce, Stephen D. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by The National Academy of Sciences of the USA and can be found at: http://www.pnas.org/. Title: Delayed upwelling alters nearshore coastal ocean ecosystems in the northern California current Author: Menge, Bruce A., McManus, Margaret A., Chan, Francis, Lubchenco, Jane, Kirincich, Anthony R., Barth, John A., Bane, John M., Nielsen, Karina J., Washburn, Libe, Pierce, Stephen D. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by The National Academy of Sciences of the USA and can be found at: http://www.pnas.org/. Close

• 12. [Article] Fishing Down the Food Chain: Modeling Trophic interactions in Exploited Marine Ecosystems

  Abstract only.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Fishing Down the Food Chain: Modeling Trophic interactions in Exploited Marine Ecosystems Author: Wilen, James, Wilen, Christopher Abstract only. Title: Fishing Down the Food Chain: Modeling Trophic interactions in Exploited Marine Ecosystems Author: Wilen, James, Wilen, Christopher Abstract only. Close

• 13. [Article] Uses of ecosystem services provided by MPAs: how much do they impact the local economy?

  Abstract only.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Uses of ecosystem services provided by MPAs: how much do they impact the local economy? Author: Person, Jeremy, Le Direach, Laurence, Lavisse, Elodie, Roncin, Nicolas, Boncoeur, Jean, Crec'hiriou, Romain, Marcos Diego, Concepcion Abstract only. Title: Uses of ecosystem services provided by MPAs: how much do they impact the local economy? Author: Person, Jeremy, Le Direach, Laurence, Lavisse, Elodie, Roncin, Nicolas, Boncoeur, Jean, Crec'hiriou, Romain, Marcos Diego, Concepcion Abstract only. Close

• 14. [Article] Climate and Demography Dictate the Strength of Predator-Prey Overlap in a Subarctic Marine Ecosystem

  To the best of our knowledge, one or more authors of this paper were federal employees when contributing to this work. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by Public ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Climate and Demography Dictate the Strength of Predator-Prey Overlap in a Subarctic Marine Ecosystem Author: Hunsicker, Mary E., Ciannelli, Lorenzo, Bailey, Kevin M., Zador, Stephani, Stige, Leif Christian To the best of our knowledge, one or more authors of this paper were federal employees when contributing to this work. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by Public Library of Science and can be found at: http://www.plos.org/. Title: Climate and Demography Dictate the Strength of Predator-Prey Overlap in a Subarctic Marine Ecosystem Author: Hunsicker, Mary E., Ciannelli, Lorenzo, Bailey, Kevin M., Zador, Stephani, Stige, Leif Christian To the best of our knowledge, one or more authors of this paper were federal employees when contributing to this work. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by Public Library of Science and can be found at: http://www.plos.org/. Close

• 15. [Article] A global model of the marine ecosystem for long-term simulations: Sensitivity to ocean mixing, buoyancy forcing, particle sinking, and dissolved organic matter cycling

  A new model of the marine ecosystem coupled into a global Earth System Climate Model suitable for long-term (multimillennial timescale) simulations is presented. The model is based on nitrate as the sole ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: A global model of the marine ecosystem for long-term simulations: Sensitivity to ocean mixing, buoyancy forcing, particle sinking, and dissolved organic matter cycling Author: Eby, M., Giraud, X., Oschlies, Andreas, Schmittner, Andreas, Simmons, H. L. A new model of the marine ecosystem coupled into a global Earth System Climate Model suitable for long-term (multimillennial timescale) simulations is presented. The model is based on nitrate as the sole limiting nutrient. Prognostic equations for nutrients, phytoplankton, zooplankton, and detritus are solved online in the three-dimensional ocean circulation model component. Experiments with different parameterizations of vertical mixing, including a scheme of tidally driven mixing, changes in buoyancy forcing in the Southern Ocean, different particle sinking velocities, and the inclusion of dissolved organic matter are performed, and the results are compared with observations. The results reemphasize the roles of Southern Ocean freshwater forcing and diapycnal mixing in the low-latitude pycnocline in setting the global deep water circulation and properties. The influence of high mixing in the Southern Ocean as inferred from observations is much more limited. The deep water circulation also has a strong influence on the marine ecosystem and nutrient distributions. We demonstrate that larger values of vertical diffusion lead to a shallower nutricline due to increased upwelling. Export production and nutrient distributions respond sensitively to changes in mixing and to the ratio of particle sinking to remineralization in the upper ocean. The best fits to global measurements of temperature, salinity, deep ocean radiocarbon, mixed layer depth, nutrients, and chlorophyll are obtained for values of vertical mixing in the pycnocline of around 0.2–0.3 X 10-4 m2/s and for e-folding depth for particle remineralization of 100–200 m. A simple parameterization of dissolved organic matter dynamics increases primary production and nutrient concentrations in the upper ocean and improves chlorophyll distributions in the subtropical gyres but has no discernible influence on particulate export fluxes. Remaining model deficiencies are identified, and strategies for future model improvement are outlined. Title: A global model of the marine ecosystem for long-term simulations: Sensitivity to ocean mixing, buoyancy forcing, particle sinking, and dissolved organic matter cycling Author: Eby, M., Giraud, X., Oschlies, Andreas, Schmittner, Andreas, Simmons, H. L. A new model of the marine ecosystem coupled into a global Earth System Climate Model suitable for long-term (multimillennial timescale) simulations is presented. The model is based on nitrate as the sole limiting nutrient. Prognostic equations for nutrients, phytoplankton, zooplankton, and detritus are solved online in the three-dimensional ocean circulation model component. Experiments with different parameterizations of vertical mixing, including a scheme of tidally driven mixing, changes in buoyancy forcing in the Southern Ocean, different particle sinking velocities, and the inclusion of dissolved organic matter are performed, and the results are compared with observations. The results reemphasize the roles of Southern Ocean freshwater forcing and diapycnal mixing in the low-latitude pycnocline in setting the global deep water circulation and properties. The influence of high mixing in the Southern Ocean as inferred from observations is much more limited. The deep water circulation also has a strong influence on the marine ecosystem and nutrient distributions. We demonstrate that larger values of vertical diffusion lead to a shallower nutricline due to increased upwelling. Export production and nutrient distributions respond sensitively to changes in mixing and to the ratio of particle sinking to remineralization in the upper ocean. The best fits to global measurements of temperature, salinity, deep ocean radiocarbon, mixed layer depth, nutrients, and chlorophyll are obtained for values of vertical mixing in the pycnocline of around 0.2–0.3 X 10-4 m2/s and for e-folding depth for particle remineralization of 100–200 m. A simple parameterization of dissolved organic matter dynamics increases primary production and nutrient concentrations in the upper ocean and improves chlorophyll distributions in the subtropical gyres but has no discernible influence on particulate export fluxes. Remaining model deficiencies are identified, and strategies for future model improvement are outlined. Close

• 16. [Article] Building Ecological-Economic Models and Scenarios of Marine Resource Systems

  presentation

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Building Ecological-Economic Models and Scenarios of Marine Resource Systems Author: Thebaud, Olivier, Planque, Benjamin, Mahévas, Stéphanie, Vermard, Youen, Smith, Anthony D.M., Lample, Michel, Macher, Claire, Mullon, Christian, Innes, James, Quaas, Martin F., Doyen, Luc presentation Title: Building Ecological-Economic Models and Scenarios of Marine Resource Systems Author: Thebaud, Olivier, Planque, Benjamin, Mahévas, Stéphanie, Vermard, Youen, Smith, Anthony D.M., Lample, Michel, Macher, Claire, Mullon, Christian, Innes, James, Quaas, Martin F., Doyen, Luc presentation Close

• 17. [Article] Implications of bycatch reduction strategies for the economic viability of mixed fisheries

  There is growing recognition worldwide that the impacts of fishing on non-targeted components of marine ecosystems should be included in the assessment of fisheries sustainability. This leads to the inclusion ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Implications of bycatch reduction strategies for the economic viability of mixed fisheries Author: Thebaud, Olivier, Martinet, Vincent There is growing recognition worldwide that the impacts of fishing on non-targeted components of marine ecosystems should be included in the assessment of fisheries sustainability. This leads to the inclusion of new constraints in evaluations of the long-term bio-economic performance of fisheries. In this paper, we analyze the implications of such constraints based on the case of bycatch of juvenile hake in the Bay of Biscay (ICES area VIIIa,b) trawl fishery for nephrops. The analysis is based on a discrete time model of the trawl fishery including an age-structured representation of stock dynamics, with uncertainty. We define sustainability using the viability framework of analysis: viability objectives are represented as constraints which relate to the economic status of the fishing fleet and to the biological status of fish stocks. We include an ecological constraint defined as a minimal target threshold for the recruitment of mature hakes, which is related to the fishing mortality induced by trawlers on juvenile hake. Based on stochastic analysis, we define the probability that both economic and ecosystemic constraints are met, as a function of the level of these constraints. We use the model to assess the sustainability of the fishery under different scenarios as regards bycatch reduction strategies. Title: Implications of bycatch reduction strategies for the economic viability of mixed fisheries Author: Thebaud, Olivier, Martinet, Vincent There is growing recognition worldwide that the impacts of fishing on non-targeted components of marine ecosystems should be included in the assessment of fisheries sustainability. This leads to the inclusion of new constraints in evaluations of the long-term bio-economic performance of fisheries. In this paper, we analyze the implications of such constraints based on the case of bycatch of juvenile hake in the Bay of Biscay (ICES area VIIIa,b) trawl fishery for nephrops. The analysis is based on a discrete time model of the trawl fishery including an age-structured representation of stock dynamics, with uncertainty. We define sustainability using the viability framework of analysis: viability objectives are represented as constraints which relate to the economic status of the fishing fleet and to the biological status of fish stocks. We include an ecological constraint defined as a minimal target threshold for the recruitment of mature hakes, which is related to the fishing mortality induced by trawlers on juvenile hake. Based on stochastic analysis, we define the probability that both economic and ecosystemic constraints are met, as a function of the level of these constraints. We use the model to assess the sustainability of the fishery under different scenarios as regards bycatch reduction strategies. Close

• 18. [Article] MengeBruceIntegrativeBiologyAreMetaEcosystems.pdf

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: MengeBruceIntegrativeBiologyAreMetaEcosystems.pdf Author: Menge, Bruce A., Nielsen, Karina J., Chan, Francis, Gouhier, Tarik C., Hacker, Sally D. Title: MengeBruceIntegrativeBiologyAreMetaEcosystems.pdf Author: Menge, Bruce A., Nielsen, Karina J., Chan, Francis, Gouhier, Tarik C., Hacker, Sally D. Close

• 19. [Article] MengeBruceIntegrativeBiologyAreMetaEcosystemsAppendix-A.pdf

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: MengeBruceIntegrativeBiologyAreMetaEcosystemsAppendix-A.pdf Author: Menge, Bruce A., Nielsen, Karina J., Chan, Francis, Hacker, Sally D., Gouhier, Tarik C. Title: MengeBruceIntegrativeBiologyAreMetaEcosystemsAppendix-A.pdf Author: Menge, Bruce A., Nielsen, Karina J., Chan, Francis, Hacker, Sally D., Gouhier, Tarik C. Close

• 20. [Article] MengeBruceIntegrativeBiologyAreMetaEcosystemsAppendix-B.pdf

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: MengeBruceIntegrativeBiologyAreMetaEcosystemsAppendix-B.pdf Author: Menge, Bruce A., Nielsen, Karina J., Chan, Francis, Hacker, Sally D., Gouhier, Tarik C. Title: MengeBruceIntegrativeBiologyAreMetaEcosystemsAppendix-B.pdf Author: Menge, Bruce A., Nielsen, Karina J., Chan, Francis, Hacker, Sally D., Gouhier, Tarik C. Close

• 21. [Article] Functional responses and scaling in predator–prey interactions of marine fishes: contemporary issues and emerging concepts

  To the best of our knowledge, one or more authors of this paper were federal employees when contributing to this work. The published article is copyrighted by Wiley-Blackwell and can be found at: http:...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Functional responses and scaling in predator–prey interactions of marine fishes: contemporary issues and emerging concepts Author: Hunsicker, Mary E., Kitchell, James F., Chan, Kung-Sik, Ciannelli, Lorenzo, Vollset, Knut, White, J. Wilson, Gaichas, Sarah, Bailey, Kevin Mclean, Johnson, Darren W., Sydeman, William J., Hixon, Mark A., Anderson, Todd W., Englund, Goran, Essington, Timothy E., Hurst, Thomas, Frank, Kenneth T., Sjodin, Henrik, Chen, Kun, Rose, George A., Link, Jason S., Freitas, Vania, Buckel, Jeffrey A., Zador, Stephani, van der Veer, Henk W., Reese, Doug, Brodeur, Richard D. To the best of our knowledge, one or more authors of this paper were federal employees when contributing to this work. The published article is copyrighted by Wiley-Blackwell and can be found at: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/. Title: Functional responses and scaling in predator–prey interactions of marine fishes: contemporary issues and emerging concepts Author: Hunsicker, Mary E., Kitchell, James F., Chan, Kung-Sik, Ciannelli, Lorenzo, Vollset, Knut, White, J. Wilson, Gaichas, Sarah, Bailey, Kevin Mclean, Johnson, Darren W., Sydeman, William J., Hixon, Mark A., Anderson, Todd W., Englund, Goran, Essington, Timothy E., Hurst, Thomas, Frank, Kenneth T., Sjodin, Henrik, Chen, Kun, Rose, George A., Link, Jason S., Freitas, Vania, Buckel, Jeffrey A., Zador, Stephani, van der Veer, Henk W., Reese, Doug, Brodeur, Richard D. To the best of our knowledge, one or more authors of this paper were federal employees when contributing to this work. The published article is copyrighted by Wiley-Blackwell and can be found at: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/. Close

• 22. [Article] Culturing Experiments to Determine the Nutrient Requirement for Exopolymer Production in Lentisphaera araneosa

  Lentisphaera araneosa is a marine microorganism, and its production of expolymer plays an important role in marine ecosystem. The exopolymer production in L. araneosa is studied by measuring the growth ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Culturing Experiments to Determine the Nutrient Requirement for Exopolymer Production in Lentisphaera araneosa Author: Lee, Connie Lentisphaera araneosa is a marine microorganism, and its production of expolymer plays an important role in marine ecosystem. The exopolymer production in L. araneosa is studied by measuring the growth of bacteria (in cells/mL) and the viscosity of the medium (in centistokes) under different treatments. The treatment without serine and the treatment without glucose both allow higher cell growth and higher TEP production than the control group. These two treatments may lead to a new nutrient recipe for the cultivation of L. araneosa. Title: Culturing Experiments to Determine the Nutrient Requirement for Exopolymer Production in Lentisphaera araneosa Author: Lee, Connie Lentisphaera araneosa is a marine microorganism, and its production of expolymer plays an important role in marine ecosystem. The exopolymer production in L. araneosa is studied by measuring the growth of bacteria (in cells/mL) and the viscosity of the medium (in centistokes) under different treatments. The treatment without serine and the treatment without glucose both allow higher cell growth and higher TEP production than the control group. These two treatments may lead to a new nutrient recipe for the cultivation of L. araneosa. Close

• 23. [Article] Coastal upwelling in a warmer future

  Coastal upwelling helps set the physical context for marine ecosystems, and upwelling zones are among the most productive regions of the global ocean. Unlike earlier models, two state-of-the-art climate ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Coastal upwelling in a warmer future Author: Mote, Philip W., Mantua, Nathan J. Coastal upwelling helps set the physical context for marine ecosystems, and upwelling zones are among the most productive regions of the global ocean. Unlike earlier models, two state-of-the-art climate models exhibit little change during the next century in the magnitude and seasonality of coastal upwelling, but climate models are still probably not sufficiently developed (for example, they underestimate interdecadal variability in upwelling) to provide valid projections of this key component of the coastal environment. Title: Coastal upwelling in a warmer future Author: Mote, Philip W., Mantua, Nathan J. Coastal upwelling helps set the physical context for marine ecosystems, and upwelling zones are among the most productive regions of the global ocean. Unlike earlier models, two state-of-the-art climate models exhibit little change during the next century in the magnitude and seasonality of coastal upwelling, but climate models are still probably not sufficiently developed (for example, they underestimate interdecadal variability in upwelling) to provide valid projections of this key component of the coastal environment. Close

• 24. [Article] Ecosystem Services Valuation: An Overview of Methods, Values, and Applications

  The literature on ecosystem service valuation has grown considerably in the past decade as nations around the world have moved towards adopting more holistic, systems-level frameworks to managing both ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Ecosystem Services Valuation: An Overview of Methods, Values, and Applications Author: Lew, Dan The literature on ecosystem service valuation has grown considerably in the past decade as nations around the world have moved towards adopting more holistic, systems-level frameworks to managing both marine and terrestrial resources, ones recognizing and accounting for the interconnectedness of all parts of the ecosystem.  In these frameworks, economic values are often desired to fully understand trade-offs involving human uses and policy interventions on the ecosystem.  In this presentation, I provide an overview of the methods used to estimate the economic value of marine ecosystem services with an emphasis on non-market valuation methods.  Additionally, I describe and assess the literature in terms of the types of ecosystem services for which economic values are or could be estimated, the methods used, and examples of studies that illustrate the methods.  In addition, I discuss benefit transfer methods used for transferring ecosystem service values for use in policy applications. Title: Ecosystem Services Valuation: An Overview of Methods, Values, and Applications Author: Lew, Dan The literature on ecosystem service valuation has grown considerably in the past decade as nations around the world have moved towards adopting more holistic, systems-level frameworks to managing both marine and terrestrial resources, ones recognizing and accounting for the interconnectedness of all parts of the ecosystem.  In these frameworks, economic values are often desired to fully understand trade-offs involving human uses and policy interventions on the ecosystem.  In this presentation, I provide an overview of the methods used to estimate the economic value of marine ecosystem services with an emphasis on non-market valuation methods.  Additionally, I describe and assess the literature in terms of the types of ecosystem services for which economic values are or could be estimated, the methods used, and examples of studies that illustrate the methods.  In addition, I discuss benefit transfer methods used for transferring ecosystem service values for use in policy applications. Close

• 25. [Article] Ecosystems at Risk: The Contribution of Ecosystem Approaches to Fisheries to Identify Problems and Evaluate Potential Solutions

  Research Paper

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Ecosystems at Risk: The Contribution of Ecosystem Approaches to Fisheries to Identify Problems and Evaluate Potential Solutions Author: Villanueva, Maria Concepcion, Christensen, Villy, Aiken, Karl A. Research Paper Title: Ecosystems at Risk: The Contribution of Ecosystem Approaches to Fisheries to Identify Problems and Evaluate Potential Solutions Author: Villanueva, Maria Concepcion, Christensen, Villy, Aiken, Karl A. Research Paper Close

• 26. [Article] Bio-Economic Analysis for Arctic Marine Resource Management Policy

  Suggested Bibliographic Reference: Challenging New Frontiers in the Global Seafood Sector: Proceedings of the Eighteenth Biennial Conference of the International Institute of Fisheries Economics and Trade, ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Bio-Economic Analysis for Arctic Marine Resource Management Policy Author: Vestergaard, Niels Year: 2016 Suggested Bibliographic Reference: Challenging New Frontiers in the Global Seafood Sector: Proceedings of the Eighteenth Biennial Conference of the International Institute of Fisheries Economics and Trade, July 11-15, 2016. Compiled by Stefani J. Evers and Ann L. Shriver. International Institute of Fisheries Economics and Trade (IIFET), Corvallis, 2016. Title: Bio-Economic Analysis for Arctic Marine Resource Management Policy Author: Vestergaard, Niels Year: 2016 Suggested Bibliographic Reference: Challenging New Frontiers in the Global Seafood Sector: Proceedings of the Eighteenth Biennial Conference of the International Institute of Fisheries Economics and Trade, July 11-15, 2016. Compiled by Stefani J. Evers and Ann L. Shriver. International Institute of Fisheries Economics and Trade (IIFET), Corvallis, 2016. Close

• 27. [Article] Assessing the Impact of Mpas on Recreational Uses of A Marine Ecosystem: the Case of the Côte Bleue Marine Park (France)

  Abstract only.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Assessing the Impact of Mpas on Recreational Uses of A Marine Ecosystem: the Case of the Côte Bleue Marine Park (France) Author: Charbonnel, Eric, Le Direach, Laurence, Lavisse, Elodie, Wilson, James, Alban, Frédérique, Roncin, Nicolas, Boncoeur, Jean Abstract only. Title: Assessing the Impact of Mpas on Recreational Uses of A Marine Ecosystem: the Case of the Côte Bleue Marine Park (France) Author: Charbonnel, Eric, Le Direach, Laurence, Lavisse, Elodie, Wilson, James, Alban, Frédérique, Roncin, Nicolas, Boncoeur, Jean Abstract only. Close

• 28. [Article] Linking ecology, economics, and fleet dynamics to evaluate alternative management strategies for US West Coast trawl fisheries

  Abstract only.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Linking ecology, economics, and fleet dynamics to evaluate alternative management strategies for US West Coast trawl fisheries Author: Kaplan, Isaac, Fulton, Elizabeth, Holland, Daniel Abstract only. Title: Linking ecology, economics, and fleet dynamics to evaluate alternative management strategies for US West Coast trawl fisheries Author: Kaplan, Isaac, Fulton, Elizabeth, Holland, Daniel Abstract only. Close

• 29. [Article] Modeling ocean ecosystems: The PARADIGM program

  THE ROLE OF THE OCEANS in Earth systems ecology, and the effects of climate variability on the ocean and its ecosystems, can be understood only by observing, describing, and ultimately predicting the state ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Modeling ocean ecosystems: The PARADIGM program Author: Denman, Ken, Cullen, John, Spitz, Yvette, Abbott, Mark R., Doney, Scott, Hoffman, Eileen, Chassignet, Eric, Yoder, James, Ducklow, Hugh, McGillicuddy, Dennis, Maltrud, Mathew, Karl, David, Olascoaga, M., Fennel, Katja, Rothstein, Lewis, McClain, Chuck, Haidvogel, Dale, Kindle, John, Wiggert, Jerry, Follows, Mick, Lima, Ivan THE ROLE OF THE OCEANS in Earth systems ecology, and the effects of climate variability on the ocean and its ecosystems, can be understood only by observing, describing, and ultimately predicting the state of the ocean as a physically forced ecological and biogeochemical system. This is a daunting but exciting challenge, because the ocean-atmosphere system is dynamically linked, and oceanic habitats are both diverse and complex, providing tremendous variety in environmental conditions and associated life forms. And paradoxically, as we learn more and more about ocean life, for example, through the genomics revolution (Doney et al., 2004), the number of unanswered questions increases. Models, be they conceptual, statistical, or numerical simulations, are useful and necessary tools for studying the complex interactions that influence ecosystem structure and function. Originally, a primary function of marine ecosystem models was to help in the development of understanding; also, they were applied in fisheries models to predict the abundance of specific commercial fish stocks. Now, they are being asked to do much more. On local and regional scales, there is growing recognition that management of marine resources and assessment of human perturbations must encompass the whole ecosystem, not individual species. Extending further to basin and global scales, the potential impacts of global change present an immediate challenge, nationally and globally, to define and execute responsive strategies, based to a large extent on the predictions of interdisciplinary global models that must be validated by comparison with measurements. Consequently, the ultimate objective of any comprehensive marine ecosystem modeling program must be the development and implementation of reliable forecast systems, guided by and validated with systematic observations of the sea. Title: Modeling ocean ecosystems: The PARADIGM program Author: Denman, Ken, Cullen, John, Spitz, Yvette, Abbott, Mark R., Doney, Scott, Hoffman, Eileen, Chassignet, Eric, Yoder, James, Ducklow, Hugh, McGillicuddy, Dennis, Maltrud, Mathew, Karl, David, Olascoaga, M., Fennel, Katja, Rothstein, Lewis, McClain, Chuck, Haidvogel, Dale, Kindle, John, Wiggert, Jerry, Follows, Mick, Lima, Ivan THE ROLE OF THE OCEANS in Earth systems ecology, and the effects of climate variability on the ocean and its ecosystems, can be understood only by observing, describing, and ultimately predicting the state of the ocean as a physically forced ecological and biogeochemical system. This is a daunting but exciting challenge, because the ocean-atmosphere system is dynamically linked, and oceanic habitats are both diverse and complex, providing tremendous variety in environmental conditions and associated life forms. And paradoxically, as we learn more and more about ocean life, for example, through the genomics revolution (Doney et al., 2004), the number of unanswered questions increases. Models, be they conceptual, statistical, or numerical simulations, are useful and necessary tools for studying the complex interactions that influence ecosystem structure and function. Originally, a primary function of marine ecosystem models was to help in the development of understanding; also, they were applied in fisheries models to predict the abundance of specific commercial fish stocks. Now, they are being asked to do much more. On local and regional scales, there is growing recognition that management of marine resources and assessment of human perturbations must encompass the whole ecosystem, not individual species. Extending further to basin and global scales, the potential impacts of global change present an immediate challenge, nationally and globally, to define and execute responsive strategies, based to a large extent on the predictions of interdisciplinary global models that must be validated by comparison with measurements. Consequently, the ultimate objective of any comprehensive marine ecosystem modeling program must be the development and implementation of reliable forecast systems, guided by and validated with systematic observations of the sea. Close

• 30. [Article] Assessing the Impact of Marine Protected Areas on Recreational Uses of a Marine Ecosystem: The Case of Scuba Diving

  Research Paper

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Assessing the Impact of Marine Protected Areas on Recreational Uses of a Marine Ecosystem: The Case of Scuba Diving Author: Boncoeur, Jean, Alban, Frederique Research Paper Title: Assessing the Impact of Marine Protected Areas on Recreational Uses of a Marine Ecosystem: The Case of Scuba Diving Author: Boncoeur, Jean, Alban, Frederique Research Paper Close

• 31. [Article] Exploring local adaptation and the ocean acidification seascape – studies in the California Current Large Marine Ecosystem

  This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by the author(s) and published by Copernicus Publications on behalf of the European Geosciences Union. The published article can ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Exploring local adaptation and the ocean acidification seascape – studies in the California Current Large Marine Ecosystem Author: Washburn, L., Chan, Francis, LaVigne, M., Rose, J. M., Sanford, E., Blanchette, C. A., Kelly, M. W., Gaylord, B., Hill, T. M., Dutton, J. M., Menge, B. A., McManus, M. A., Kapsenberg, L., Evans, T. G., Hofmann, G. E., Padilla-Gamiño, J. L. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by the author(s) and published by Copernicus Publications on behalf of the European Geosciences Union. The published article can be found at: http://www.biogeosciences.net/. Title: Exploring local adaptation and the ocean acidification seascape – studies in the California Current Large Marine Ecosystem Author: Washburn, L., Chan, Francis, LaVigne, M., Rose, J. M., Sanford, E., Blanchette, C. A., Kelly, M. W., Gaylord, B., Hill, T. M., Dutton, J. M., Menge, B. A., McManus, M. A., Kapsenberg, L., Evans, T. G., Hofmann, G. E., Padilla-Gamiño, J. L. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by the author(s) and published by Copernicus Publications on behalf of the European Geosciences Union. The published article can be found at: http://www.biogeosciences.net/. Close

• 32. [Article] Climate Change Impacts on Marine Ecosystems

  This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by Annual Reviews and can be found at: http://www.annualreviews.org/.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Climate Change Impacts on Marine Ecosystems Author: Ruckelshaus, Mary, English, Chad A., Chan, Francis, Grebmeier, Jacqueline M., Hollowed, Anne B., Galindo, Heather M., Barry, James P., Duffy, J. Emmett, Sydeman, William J., Knowlton, Nancy, Talley, Lynne D., Doney, Scott C., Polovina, Jeffrey, Rabalais, Nancy N. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by Annual Reviews and can be found at: http://www.annualreviews.org/. Title: Climate Change Impacts on Marine Ecosystems Author: Ruckelshaus, Mary, English, Chad A., Chan, Francis, Grebmeier, Jacqueline M., Hollowed, Anne B., Galindo, Heather M., Barry, James P., Duffy, J. Emmett, Sydeman, William J., Knowlton, Nancy, Talley, Lynne D., Doney, Scott C., Polovina, Jeffrey, Rabalais, Nancy N. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by Annual Reviews and can be found at: http://www.annualreviews.org/. Close

• 33. [Article] The Economic Consequences of Regime Shifts in Marine Ecosystems

  Abstract only

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The Economic Consequences of Regime Shifts in Marine Ecosystems Author: Gola, Lorena, Quaas, Martin Abstract only Title: The Economic Consequences of Regime Shifts in Marine Ecosystems Author: Gola, Lorena, Quaas, Martin Abstract only Close

• 34. [Article] Prey dominance shapes trophic structure of the northern California Current pelagic food web: evidence from stable isotopes and diet analysis

  The published version of this article is copyrighted by Inter-Research and can be found here: http://www.int-res.com/journals/meps/meps-home/

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Prey dominance shapes trophic structure of the northern California Current pelagic food web: evidence from stable isotopes and diet analysis Author: Miller, Todd W., Rau, Greg, Omori, Koji, Brodeur, Richard D. The published version of this article is copyrighted by Inter-Research and can be found here: http://www.int-res.com/journals/meps/meps-home/ Title: Prey dominance shapes trophic structure of the northern California Current pelagic food web: evidence from stable isotopes and diet analysis Author: Miller, Todd W., Rau, Greg, Omori, Koji, Brodeur, Richard D. The published version of this article is copyrighted by Inter-Research and can be found here: http://www.int-res.com/journals/meps/meps-home/ Close

• 35. [Article] Climate Impacts on Zooplankton Population Dynamics in Coastal Marine Ecosystems

  To the best of our knowledge, one or more authors of this paper were federal employees when contributing to this work. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by the Oceanography ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Climate Impacts on Zooplankton Population Dynamics in Coastal Marine Ecosystems Author: Runge, Jeffrey A., Daly, Kendra L., Davis, Cabell S., Peterson, William T., Ohman, Mark D., Batchelder, Harold P., Ji, Rubao To the best of our knowledge, one or more authors of this paper were federal employees when contributing to this work. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by the Oceanography Society and can be found at: http://www.tos.org/oceanography/index.html. Title: Climate Impacts on Zooplankton Population Dynamics in Coastal Marine Ecosystems Author: Runge, Jeffrey A., Daly, Kendra L., Davis, Cabell S., Peterson, William T., Ohman, Mark D., Batchelder, Harold P., Ji, Rubao To the best of our knowledge, one or more authors of this paper were federal employees when contributing to this work. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by the Oceanography Society and can be found at: http://www.tos.org/oceanography/index.html. Close

• 36. [Article] Fishermen's Values Concerning the Queen Conch and Lobster in Boca de Yuma, East National Park, Dominican Republic

  Research Paper

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Fishermen's Values Concerning the Queen Conch and Lobster in Boca de Yuma, East National Park, Dominican Republic Author: Ruiz, Victor Research Paper Title: Fishermen's Values Concerning the Queen Conch and Lobster in Boca de Yuma, East National Park, Dominican Republic Author: Ruiz, Victor Research Paper Close

• 37. [Article] Recovering Fisheries from Crisis or Collapse: How to Shorten Impact Time of International Research Cooperation

  Research Paper

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Recovering Fisheries from Crisis or Collapse: How to Shorten Impact Time of International Research Cooperation Author: Failler, Pierre, Christensen, Villy, Opitz, Silvia, Nauen, Cornelia E., Thatje, Sven Research Paper Title: Recovering Fisheries from Crisis or Collapse: How to Shorten Impact Time of International Research Cooperation Author: Failler, Pierre, Christensen, Villy, Opitz, Silvia, Nauen, Cornelia E., Thatje, Sven Research Paper Close

• 38. [Article] Can Catch Shares Prevent Fisheries Collapse?

  Abstract only.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Can Catch Shares Prevent Fisheries Collapse? Author: Gaines, Steve, Costello, Chris, Lynham, John Abstract only. Title: Can Catch Shares Prevent Fisheries Collapse? Author: Gaines, Steve, Costello, Chris, Lynham, John Abstract only. Close

• 39. [Article] The science of European marine reserves: Status, efficacy, and future needs

  This is the author's peer-reviewed final manuscript, as accepted by the publisher. The published article is copyrighted by Elsevier and can be found at: http://www.journals.elsevier.com/marine-policy/....

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The science of European marine reserves: Status, efficacy, and future needs Author: Lester, Sarah E., Sorensen, Thomas K., Fenberg, Phillip B., Guidetti, Paolo, McAllen, Rob, Claudet, Joachim, Planes, Serge, Garcia-Charton, Jose Antonio, Gaines, Steven D., Grorud-Colvert, Kirsten, Jenkins, Stuart R., Jones, Peter J. S., Goncalves, Emanuel J., Moland, Even, Caselle, Jennifer E., Clemence, Michaela This is the author's peer-reviewed final manuscript, as accepted by the publisher. The published article is copyrighted by Elsevier and can be found at: http://www.journals.elsevier.com/marine-policy/. Title: The science of European marine reserves: Status, efficacy, and future needs Author: Lester, Sarah E., Sorensen, Thomas K., Fenberg, Phillip B., Guidetti, Paolo, McAllen, Rob, Claudet, Joachim, Planes, Serge, Garcia-Charton, Jose Antonio, Gaines, Steven D., Grorud-Colvert, Kirsten, Jenkins, Stuart R., Jones, Peter J. S., Goncalves, Emanuel J., Moland, Even, Caselle, Jennifer E., Clemence, Michaela This is the author's peer-reviewed final manuscript, as accepted by the publisher. The published article is copyrighted by Elsevier and can be found at: http://www.journals.elsevier.com/marine-policy/. Close

• 40. [Article] Evaluating tradeoffs among ecosystem services to inform marine spatial planning

  This is an author's peer-reviewed final manuscript, as accepted by the publisher. The published article is copyrighted by Elsevier and can be found at: http://www.journals.elsevier.com/marine-policy/.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Evaluating tradeoffs among ecosystem services to inform marine spatial planning Author: Gaines, Steven D., Halpern, Benjamin S., Lester, Sarah E., Barth, John A., White, Crow, Costello, Christopher This is an author's peer-reviewed final manuscript, as accepted by the publisher. The published article is copyrighted by Elsevier and can be found at: http://www.journals.elsevier.com/marine-policy/. Title: Evaluating tradeoffs among ecosystem services to inform marine spatial planning Author: Gaines, Steven D., Halpern, Benjamin S., Lester, Sarah E., Barth, John A., White, Crow, Costello, Christopher This is an author's peer-reviewed final manuscript, as accepted by the publisher. The published article is copyrighted by Elsevier and can be found at: http://www.journals.elsevier.com/marine-policy/. Close

• 41. [Article] Implementing Ecosystem Management in International Fisheries Organizations Through Adaptive Management: The Potential for Future Change

  Research Paper

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Implementing Ecosystem Management in International Fisheries Organizations Through Adaptive Management: The Potential for Future Change Author: Mossop, Joanna Research Paper Title: Implementing Ecosystem Management in International Fisheries Organizations Through Adaptive Management: The Potential for Future Change Author: Mossop, Joanna Research Paper Close

• 42. [Article] An evaluation of the establishment and continued effectiveness of the Galápagos National Park and Marine Reserve in Ecuador

  Conservation of natural resources has become a new watchword of the scientific community. While many terrestrial ecosystems are well protected, marine ecosystems have only recently come to the forefront. ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: An evaluation of the establishment and continued effectiveness of the Galápagos National Park and Marine Reserve in Ecuador Author: Asson, Danielle Conservation of natural resources has become a new watchword of the scientific community. While many terrestrial ecosystems are well protected, marine ecosystems have only recently come to the forefront. Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) have been introduced as a means of protecting biodiversity, commercial stocks, and ecosystem services. There are many social, ecological, and economic considerations to be addressed for a marine reserve to be effective from a biological and social perspective. In 1998 the Special Law of the Galápagos created the Galápagos Marine Reserve, and instituted a participatory management scheme for local and governmental cooperation in management. The foundations of the Special Law are strong, however many problems plague the islands, including rapid growth of the population and the tourism industry, and a great deal of non-compliance with reserve regulations in the form of violent protests and illegal fisheries. Feelings of legitimacy must be fostered among the local populations through significant improvements in education to enhance stakeholder participation, and increased funding to the National Park to allow for effective enforcement of the regulations. Increasing visitor fees is a potential source of new income to be used for park management and improving local resources, especially education. Title: An evaluation of the establishment and continued effectiveness of the Galápagos National Park and Marine Reserve in Ecuador Author: Asson, Danielle Conservation of natural resources has become a new watchword of the scientific community. While many terrestrial ecosystems are well protected, marine ecosystems have only recently come to the forefront. Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) have been introduced as a means of protecting biodiversity, commercial stocks, and ecosystem services. There are many social, ecological, and economic considerations to be addressed for a marine reserve to be effective from a biological and social perspective. In 1998 the Special Law of the Galápagos created the Galápagos Marine Reserve, and instituted a participatory management scheme for local and governmental cooperation in management. The foundations of the Special Law are strong, however many problems plague the islands, including rapid growth of the population and the tourism industry, and a great deal of non-compliance with reserve regulations in the form of violent protests and illegal fisheries. Feelings of legitimacy must be fostered among the local populations through significant improvements in education to enhance stakeholder participation, and increased funding to the National Park to allow for effective enforcement of the regulations. Increasing visitor fees is a potential source of new income to be used for park management and improving local resources, especially education. Close

• 43. [Article] Under the Sea: An evaluation of the establishment and continued effectiveness of the Galápagos National Park and Marine Reserve in Ecuador

  Conservation of natural resources has become a new watchword of the scientific community. While many terrestrial ecosystems are well protected, marine ecosystems have only recently come to the forefront. ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Under the Sea: An evaluation of the establishment and continued effectiveness of the Galápagos National Park and Marine Reserve in Ecuador Author: Asson, Danielle C. Conservation of natural resources has become a new watchword of the scientific community. While many terrestrial ecosystems are well protected, marine ecosystems have only recently come to the forefront. Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) have been introduced as a means of protecting biodiversity, commercial stocks, and ecosystem services. There are many social, ecological, and economic considerations to be addressed for a marine reserve to be effective from a biological and social perspective. In 1998 the Special Law of the Galápagos created the Galápagos Marine Reserve, and instituted a participatory management scheme for local and governmental cooperation in management. The foundations of the Special Law are strong, however many problems plague the islands, including rapid growth of the population and the tourism industry, and a great deal of non-compliance with reserve regulations in the form of violent protests and illegal fisheries. Feelings of legitimacy must be fostered among the local populations through significant improvements in education to enhance stakeholder participation, and increased funding to the National Park to allow for effective enforcement of the regulations. Increasing visitor fees is a potential source of new income to be used for park management and improving local resources, especially education. Title: Under the Sea: An evaluation of the establishment and continued effectiveness of the Galápagos National Park and Marine Reserve in Ecuador Author: Asson, Danielle C. Conservation of natural resources has become a new watchword of the scientific community. While many terrestrial ecosystems are well protected, marine ecosystems have only recently come to the forefront. Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) have been introduced as a means of protecting biodiversity, commercial stocks, and ecosystem services. There are many social, ecological, and economic considerations to be addressed for a marine reserve to be effective from a biological and social perspective. In 1998 the Special Law of the Galápagos created the Galápagos Marine Reserve, and instituted a participatory management scheme for local and governmental cooperation in management. The foundations of the Special Law are strong, however many problems plague the islands, including rapid growth of the population and the tourism industry, and a great deal of non-compliance with reserve regulations in the form of violent protests and illegal fisheries. Feelings of legitimacy must be fostered among the local populations through significant improvements in education to enhance stakeholder participation, and increased funding to the National Park to allow for effective enforcement of the regulations. Increasing visitor fees is a potential source of new income to be used for park management and improving local resources, especially education. Close

• 44. [Article] Marine Reserves and Marine Protected Areas: A Case Study in Oregon and a Proposed National Model for Design and Implementation

  In this report, I examine the process of establishing marine reserves and marine protected areas both from a national and a state perspective. In order to do so, I have investigated the implementation ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Marine Reserves and Marine Protected Areas: A Case Study in Oregon and a Proposed National Model for Design and Implementation Author: Perry, Alex In this report, I examine the process of establishing marine reserves and marine protected areas both from a national and a state perspective. In order to do so, I have investigated the implementation process currently underway in Oregon. Specifically, I have chosen to perform a case study of the process at Redfish Rocks Marine Reserve and Marine Protected Area. I chose this example because of the commendable approach taken by the community of Port Orford in proposing their site and performing extensive baseline data collection in submitting their proposal. The Port Orford community demonstrated great marine resource stewardship and a forward‐minded approach to conservation and sustainability for their living marine resources in putting together their submission. Finally, the goal of this paper is to present the lessons learned in the form of a proposed template for communities and fisheries managers to follow in the proposal and implementation process of designating and establishing marine reserves and marine protected areas both locally and nationally. It is my hope that such a proposal could be used to standardize a national approach to designation and implementation across Regional Fishery Management Councils (RFMCs) and their associated regional marine ecosystems within the United States. Title: Marine Reserves and Marine Protected Areas: A Case Study in Oregon and a Proposed National Model for Design and Implementation Author: Perry, Alex In this report, I examine the process of establishing marine reserves and marine protected areas both from a national and a state perspective. In order to do so, I have investigated the implementation process currently underway in Oregon. Specifically, I have chosen to perform a case study of the process at Redfish Rocks Marine Reserve and Marine Protected Area. I chose this example because of the commendable approach taken by the community of Port Orford in proposing their site and performing extensive baseline data collection in submitting their proposal. The Port Orford community demonstrated great marine resource stewardship and a forward‐minded approach to conservation and sustainability for their living marine resources in putting together their submission. Finally, the goal of this paper is to present the lessons learned in the form of a proposed template for communities and fisheries managers to follow in the proposal and implementation process of designating and establishing marine reserves and marine protected areas both locally and nationally. It is my hope that such a proposal could be used to standardize a national approach to designation and implementation across Regional Fishery Management Councils (RFMCs) and their associated regional marine ecosystems within the United States. Close

• 45. [Article] Modeling the impact of declining sea ice on the Arctic marine planktonic ecosystem

  We have developed a coupled 3‐D pan‐Arctic biology/sea ice/ocean model to investigate the impact of declining Arctic sea ice on the marine planktonic ecosystem over 1988–2007. The biophysical model results ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Modeling the impact of declining sea ice on the Arctic marine planktonic ecosystem Author: Zhang, Jinlun, Ashjian, Carin, Campbell, Robert, Steele, Michael, Matrai, Patricia, Berline, Léo, Spitz, Yvette H. We have developed a coupled 3‐D pan‐Arctic biology/sea ice/ocean model to investigate the impact of declining Arctic sea ice on the marine planktonic ecosystem over 1988–2007. The biophysical model results agree with satellite observations of a generally downward trend in summer sea ice extent during 1988–2007, resulting in an increase in the simulated photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) at the ocean surface and marine primary productivity (PP) in the upper 100 m over open water areas of the Arctic Ocean. The simulated Arctic sea ice thickness has decreased steadily during 1988–2007, leading to an increase in PAR and PP in sea ice‐covered areas. The simulated total PAR in all areas of the Arctic Ocean has increased by 43%, from 146 TW in 1988 to 209 TW in 2007; the corresponding total PP has increased by 50%, from 456 Tg C yr−1 in 1988 to 682 Tg C yr−1 in 2007. The simulated PAR and PP increases mainly occur in the seasonally and permanently ice‐covered Arctic Ocean. In addition to increasing PAR, the decline in sea ice tends to increase the nutrient availability in the euphotic zone by enhancing air‐sea momentum transfer, leading to strengthened upwelling and mixing in the water column and therefore increased nutrient input into the upper ocean layers from below. The increasing nutrient availability also contributes to the increase in the simulated PP, even though significant surface nutrient drawdown in summer is simulated. In conjunction with increasing surface absorption of solar radiation and rising surface air temperature, the increasing surface water temperature in the Arctic Ocean peripheral seas further contributes to the increase in PP. As PP has increased, so has the simulated biomass of phytoplankton and zooplankton. Title: Modeling the impact of declining sea ice on the Arctic marine planktonic ecosystem Author: Zhang, Jinlun, Ashjian, Carin, Campbell, Robert, Steele, Michael, Matrai, Patricia, Berline, Léo, Spitz, Yvette H. We have developed a coupled 3‐D pan‐Arctic biology/sea ice/ocean model to investigate the impact of declining Arctic sea ice on the marine planktonic ecosystem over 1988–2007. The biophysical model results agree with satellite observations of a generally downward trend in summer sea ice extent during 1988–2007, resulting in an increase in the simulated photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) at the ocean surface and marine primary productivity (PP) in the upper 100 m over open water areas of the Arctic Ocean. The simulated Arctic sea ice thickness has decreased steadily during 1988–2007, leading to an increase in PAR and PP in sea ice‐covered areas. The simulated total PAR in all areas of the Arctic Ocean has increased by 43%, from 146 TW in 1988 to 209 TW in 2007; the corresponding total PP has increased by 50%, from 456 Tg C yr−1 in 1988 to 682 Tg C yr−1 in 2007. The simulated PAR and PP increases mainly occur in the seasonally and permanently ice‐covered Arctic Ocean. In addition to increasing PAR, the decline in sea ice tends to increase the nutrient availability in the euphotic zone by enhancing air‐sea momentum transfer, leading to strengthened upwelling and mixing in the water column and therefore increased nutrient input into the upper ocean layers from below. The increasing nutrient availability also contributes to the increase in the simulated PP, even though significant surface nutrient drawdown in summer is simulated. In conjunction with increasing surface absorption of solar radiation and rising surface air temperature, the increasing surface water temperature in the Arctic Ocean peripheral seas further contributes to the increase in PP. As PP has increased, so has the simulated biomass of phytoplankton and zooplankton. Close

• 46. [Article] MicroSoar : a high speed microstructure profiling system

  As ocean ecosystems continue to deteriorate in the face of human induced pressures, marine management professionals are increasingly being urged to predict the impacts of various activities on ocean ecosystems. ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: MicroSoar : a high speed microstructure profiling system Author: May, Glenn H. As ocean ecosystems continue to deteriorate in the face of human induced pressures, marine management professionals are increasingly being urged to predict the impacts of various activities on ocean ecosystems. Many ecosystem interactions are still not adequately understood, so managers often turn to scientists to provide data and analysis on impacts resulting from specific actions. One important physical ocean process in need of more empirical data is microscale turbulence. Because it is responsible for mixing across isopycnal surfaces in stratified waters, turbulence is important in many physical, chemical and biological processes in the ocean. An elementary description of turbulence and mixing is presented along with a summary of the role of turbulence in marine ecosystems. In order to be of use to scientists, turbulence must be measured over large areas of the ocean. This paper presents a discussion of techniques for measuring turbulence. Measurements of turbulence are specialized and costly. A new microstructure data acqusition system was developed to acquire microstructure data eight times faster than present methods allow. The design details of the high-speed microstructure data acquisition system called MicroSoar are presented along with some preliminary data obtained from its deployment on actual cruises. Title: MicroSoar : a high speed microstructure profiling system Author: May, Glenn H. As ocean ecosystems continue to deteriorate in the face of human induced pressures, marine management professionals are increasingly being urged to predict the impacts of various activities on ocean ecosystems. Many ecosystem interactions are still not adequately understood, so managers often turn to scientists to provide data and analysis on impacts resulting from specific actions. One important physical ocean process in need of more empirical data is microscale turbulence. Because it is responsible for mixing across isopycnal surfaces in stratified waters, turbulence is important in many physical, chemical and biological processes in the ocean. An elementary description of turbulence and mixing is presented along with a summary of the role of turbulence in marine ecosystems. In order to be of use to scientists, turbulence must be measured over large areas of the ocean. This paper presents a discussion of techniques for measuring turbulence. Measurements of turbulence are specialized and costly. A new microstructure data acqusition system was developed to acquire microstructure data eight times faster than present methods allow. The design details of the high-speed microstructure data acquisition system called MicroSoar are presented along with some preliminary data obtained from its deployment on actual cruises. Close

• 47. [Article] Confronting the implementation of marine ecosystem-based management within the European Common Fisheries Policy Reform

  Abstract Only

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Confronting the implementation of marine ecosystem-based management within the European Common Fisheries Policy Reform Author: Curtin, Richard, Prellezo, Raul Abstract Only Title: Confronting the implementation of marine ecosystem-based management within the European Common Fisheries Policy Reform Author: Curtin, Richard, Prellezo, Raul Abstract Only Close

• 48. [Article] Underwater acoustic measurements of the WET-NZ device at Oregon State University’s ocean test facility

  Potential impacts from sound transmitted by wave energy conversion (WEC) devices on marine ecosystems are not well understood and remain an important environmental concern for the developing marine hydrokinetic ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Underwater acoustic measurements of the WET-NZ device at Oregon State University’s ocean test facility Author: Haxel, Joseph Potential impacts from sound transmitted by wave energy conversion (WEC) devices on marine ecosystems are not well understood and remain an important environmental concern for the developing marine hydrokinetic renewable energy industry. On August 22, 2012 the Northwest National Marine Renewable Energy Center (NNMREC) began a test deployment of a WEC device at Oregon State University’s ocean test facility (OTF) off the coast of Newport, Oregon (figure 1). The operational Wave Energy Technologies – New Zealand (WET-NZ) device provides the first opportunity to measure acoustic changes in the ambient sound field resulting from WEC technology testing at NNMREC’s mobile OTF. The main objective of the acoustic measurements included in this initial report is to determine if the WET-NZ device under test transmits acoustic energy above National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) marine mammal harassment thresholds. Title: Underwater acoustic measurements of the WET-NZ device at Oregon State University’s ocean test facility Author: Haxel, Joseph Potential impacts from sound transmitted by wave energy conversion (WEC) devices on marine ecosystems are not well understood and remain an important environmental concern for the developing marine hydrokinetic renewable energy industry. On August 22, 2012 the Northwest National Marine Renewable Energy Center (NNMREC) began a test deployment of a WEC device at Oregon State University’s ocean test facility (OTF) off the coast of Newport, Oregon (figure 1). The operational Wave Energy Technologies – New Zealand (WET-NZ) device provides the first opportunity to measure acoustic changes in the ambient sound field resulting from WEC technology testing at NNMREC’s mobile OTF. The main objective of the acoustic measurements included in this initial report is to determine if the WET-NZ device under test transmits acoustic energy above National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) marine mammal harassment thresholds. Close

• 49. [Article] Climate Change Effects on the Economics and Management of World Fisheries

  Abstract Only

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Climate Change Effects on the Economics and Management of World Fisheries Author: Hotte, Ngaio, Sumaila, Rashid Abstract Only Title: Climate Change Effects on the Economics and Management of World Fisheries Author: Hotte, Ngaio, Sumaila, Rashid Abstract Only Close

• 50. [Article] Cointegration: A tool for Ecosystem-Based Conservation and Management of Fisheries

  Abstract only.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Cointegration: A tool for Ecosystem-Based Conservation and Management of Fisheries Author: Fissel, Ben, Carson, Richard, Schlenker, Wolfram Abstract only. Title: Cointegration: A tool for Ecosystem-Based Conservation and Management of Fisheries Author: Fissel, Ben, Carson, Richard, Schlenker, Wolfram Abstract only. Close

• 51. [Article] Changes in a seafood market: substitution and elasticity of fish categories behavior in SE Brazil

  Poster session.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Changes in a seafood market: substitution and elasticity of fish categories behavior in SE Brazil Author: Gasalla, Maria A., Pincinato, Ruth B. M. Poster session. Title: Changes in a seafood market: substitution and elasticity of fish categories behavior in SE Brazil Author: Gasalla, Maria A., Pincinato, Ruth B. M. Poster session. Close

• 52. [Article] Effects of Hypoxia on Survival and Growth of Barnacle Larvae Off the Oregon Coast

  In recent years off the United States Oregon coast severe hypoxic events have resulted in areas of mass vertebrate and invertebrate species mortality known as dead zones. Creation of dead zones and alteration ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Effects of Hypoxia on Survival and Growth of Barnacle Larvae Off the Oregon Coast Author: Amstutz, Amanda C. In recent years off the United States Oregon coast severe hypoxic events have resulted in areas of mass vertebrate and invertebrate species mortality known as dead zones. Creation of dead zones and alteration of community species composition in response to inner shelf hypoxic conditions have been observed annually from 2002 to 2007. Near shore hypoxic events have already begun to redefine ecosystems off the Oregon Coast and other areas in the California Current Large Marine Ecosystem (CCLME). Barnacle species are of great importance in these communities. As a part of the life history of the barnacle, successful growth and survival of larval stages is essential to the success of sessile adults. We carried out experiments at Oregon State University's Hatfield Marine Science Center to determine the rate of nauplii (larvae) mortality in the barnacle species Balanus glandula at increasingly severe levels of hypoxia. We also investigated the effects of exposure to hypoxic conditions on B. glandula larval development. We found no difference in nauplii survival or development between exposure to normoxic (5.5 mg/L dissolved oxygen) and microxic (0.5 mg/L dissolved oxygen) conditions for 24 hours. Title: Effects of Hypoxia on Survival and Growth of Barnacle Larvae Off the Oregon Coast Author: Amstutz, Amanda C. In recent years off the United States Oregon coast severe hypoxic events have resulted in areas of mass vertebrate and invertebrate species mortality known as dead zones. Creation of dead zones and alteration of community species composition in response to inner shelf hypoxic conditions have been observed annually from 2002 to 2007. Near shore hypoxic events have already begun to redefine ecosystems off the Oregon Coast and other areas in the California Current Large Marine Ecosystem (CCLME). Barnacle species are of great importance in these communities. As a part of the life history of the barnacle, successful growth and survival of larval stages is essential to the success of sessile adults. We carried out experiments at Oregon State University's Hatfield Marine Science Center to determine the rate of nauplii (larvae) mortality in the barnacle species Balanus glandula at increasingly severe levels of hypoxia. We also investigated the effects of exposure to hypoxic conditions on B. glandula larval development. We found no difference in nauplii survival or development between exposure to normoxic (5.5 mg/L dissolved oxygen) and microxic (0.5 mg/L dissolved oxygen) conditions for 24 hours. Close

• 53. [Article] The Energetic Implications Of Fisheries Processing Waste And Potential Fishmeal/Fishoil By-Products

  The seafood industry in Alaska produces about 4.4 billion pounds of fish every year and approximately 2.2 billion pounds of fish waste. Product recovery rates in the seafood industry have increased in ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The Energetic Implications Of Fisheries Processing Waste And Potential Fishmeal/Fishoil By-Products Author: Ichien, Stephanie The seafood industry in Alaska produces about 4.4 billion pounds of fish every year and approximately 2.2 billion pounds of fish waste. Product recovery rates in the seafood industry have increased in the last decade, but still a large portion of all harvested fish is unused and often discharged into coastal and oceanic waters. With a move toward ecosystem-based fisheries management and the minimization of environmental impacts, several agencies and organizations are working to better utilize by-product development to enhance efficiency in the industry. However, research suggests that the discharge of fish waste may have some beneficial ecological impacts by providing a readily available source of protein to scavenging predators, such as seabirds. This project investigates the production of fishmeal/fishoil by-product from fish waste and the energetic implications involved with the allocation of energy between marine ecosystem and the economic system. We apply a series of analysis tools to assess these tradeoffs using energy as a means to frame the positive and negative impacts of seafood waste in a case study of the Alaska Pollock Fishery. Title: The Energetic Implications Of Fisheries Processing Waste And Potential Fishmeal/Fishoil By-Products Author: Ichien, Stephanie The seafood industry in Alaska produces about 4.4 billion pounds of fish every year and approximately 2.2 billion pounds of fish waste. Product recovery rates in the seafood industry have increased in the last decade, but still a large portion of all harvested fish is unused and often discharged into coastal and oceanic waters. With a move toward ecosystem-based fisheries management and the minimization of environmental impacts, several agencies and organizations are working to better utilize by-product development to enhance efficiency in the industry. However, research suggests that the discharge of fish waste may have some beneficial ecological impacts by providing a readily available source of protein to scavenging predators, such as seabirds. This project investigates the production of fishmeal/fishoil by-product from fish waste and the energetic implications involved with the allocation of energy between marine ecosystem and the economic system. We apply a series of analysis tools to assess these tradeoffs using energy as a means to frame the positive and negative impacts of seafood waste in a case study of the Alaska Pollock Fishery. Close

• 54. [Article] Including Human Dimensions in Integrated Marine Ecosystem Models: Australian examples

  Abstract Only

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Including Human Dimensions in Integrated Marine Ecosystem Models: Australian examples Author: Thebaud, Olivier, Little, Rich, van Putten, Ingrid, Fulton, Beth, Hutton, Trevor, Pascoe, Sean, Innes, James Abstract Only Title: Including Human Dimensions in Integrated Marine Ecosystem Models: Australian examples Author: Thebaud, Olivier, Little, Rich, van Putten, Ingrid, Fulton, Beth, Hutton, Trevor, Pascoe, Sean, Innes, James Abstract Only Close

• 55. [Article] The Relationship between Climate Change, Sardine Abundance and Commercial Fisheries Production in the California Current Large Marine Ecosystem

  Abstract Only

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The Relationship between Climate Change, Sardine Abundance and Commercial Fisheries Production in the California Current Large Marine Ecosystem Author: Hotte, Ngaio, Herrick, Sam, Norton, Jerrold Abstract Only Title: The Relationship between Climate Change, Sardine Abundance and Commercial Fisheries Production in the California Current Large Marine Ecosystem Author: Hotte, Ngaio, Herrick, Sam, Norton, Jerrold Abstract Only Close

• 56. [Article] The Relationship between Climate Change, Sardine Abundance and Commercial Fisheries Production in the California Current Large Marine Ecosystem

  Abstract Only

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The Relationship between Climate Change, Sardine Abundance and Commercial Fisheries Production in the California Current Large Marine Ecosystem Author: Hotte, Ngaio, Herrick, Sam, Norton, Jerrold Abstract Only Title: The Relationship between Climate Change, Sardine Abundance and Commercial Fisheries Production in the California Current Large Marine Ecosystem Author: Hotte, Ngaio, Herrick, Sam, Norton, Jerrold Abstract Only Close

• 57. [Article] Constancy and change in marine predator diets across a shift in oceanographic conditions in the Northern California Current

  To the best of our knowledge, one or more authors of this paper were federal employees when contributing to this work. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by Springer ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Constancy and change in marine predator diets across a shift in oceanographic conditions in the Northern California Current Author: Filliger, Laura Z., Suryan, Robert M., Gladics, Amanda J., Segui, Leah M., Brodeur, Richard D. To the best of our knowledge, one or more authors of this paper were federal employees when contributing to this work. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by Springer and can be found at: http://link.springer.com/journal/227. Title: Constancy and change in marine predator diets across a shift in oceanographic conditions in the Northern California Current Author: Filliger, Laura Z., Suryan, Robert M., Gladics, Amanda J., Segui, Leah M., Brodeur, Richard D. To the best of our knowledge, one or more authors of this paper were federal employees when contributing to this work. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by Springer and can be found at: http://link.springer.com/journal/227. Close

• 58. [Article] The Effect of the Environment on California's Commercial Fisheries

  Abstract only.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The Effect of the Environment on California's Commercial Fisheries Author: Norton, Jerrold, Herrick, Samuel Jr Abstract only. Title: The Effect of the Environment on California's Commercial Fisheries Author: Norton, Jerrold, Herrick, Samuel Jr Abstract only. Close

• 59. [Article] Marine conservation in Latin America and the Caribbean : an analysis of marine protected areas (MPAs)

  Coastal and marine ecosystems in Latin America and the Caribbean are undergoing a rapid and drastic transformation. Dense human populations are concentrated in coastal areas, leading to increased coastal ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Marine conservation in Latin America and the Caribbean : an analysis of marine protected areas (MPAs) Author: Guarderas, A. Paulina Coastal and marine ecosystems in Latin America and the Caribbean are undergoing a rapid and drastic transformation. Dense human populations are concentrated in coastal areas, leading to increased coastal development, destruction of near-shore habitats, pollution, and overexploitation of marine resources. For most Latin American and Caribbean countries, the deterioration of coastal ecosystems is particularly critical due to the strong dependency of their economies on the quality of natural resources and ecosystems. Thus, the necessity of effectively conserving and managing marine ecosystems with a more integrative, ecosystem–based approach is urgent. Marine reserves constitute a powerful conservation tool for mitigating ocean degradation. Because they provide spatial refuges for fished populations, and protect important habitats and their associated ecological interactions, they are particularly beneficial for counteracting the harmful effects of overfishing. In Chapter 2 of this thesis, I present a comprehensive analysis of the status and progress of marine protected areas (MPAs), particularly no-take marine reserves in Latin America and the Caribbean. I also show that the number and area protected have increased through time, particularly since the 1980s; but the system of MPAs is still deficient in fully representing the whole array of marine biogeographic provinces. In addition, I demonstrate that no-take marine reserves are poorly utilized for conservation of marine biodiversity in this region. Finally, I highlight the need for strengthening the marine conservation initiative in Latin America and the Caribbean under a regional approach. In Chapter 3 using meta-analytic methods, I quantitatively estimate the magnitude of the conservation effects of marine reserves in Latin America and the Caribbean. I examine the species and reserve characteristics that contribute to explain the variation in responses to protection. These analyses demonstrate positive outcomes of reserve protection at assemblage and species levels, and confirm the effectiveness of marine reserves as a conservation tool to rebuild exploited populations. Less clear is the relationship between density responses to protection and species-specific characteristics. Species with different trophic levels, adult mobility, body size and resilience can benefit from protection. Nevertheless, when I examine the effects of protection on one habitat type (coral reefs) using biomass as the response variable different trophic groups show differential responses. Predators demonstrated higher positive responses compared to herbivores or producers. In addition some indirect effects were disclosed. Findings from this research have direct implications for the advancement of marine conservation in Latin America and the Caribbean. Chapter 2 provides an important tool for planning marine conservation strategies at a regional scale. Areas that need more protection are highlighted, especially networks of no-take marine reserves in the Eastern Pacific and Southern Atlantic. Additionally, this assessment can be used as a baseline to make future comparisons of the progress of marine biodiversity conservation in this region. Chapter 3 demonstrates the powerful effect of no-take marine reserves in restoring depleted populations and in some cases recovering ecological functions that have been lost due to overfishing in Latin American and the Caribbean. Title: Marine conservation in Latin America and the Caribbean : an analysis of marine protected areas (MPAs) Author: Guarderas, A. Paulina Coastal and marine ecosystems in Latin America and the Caribbean are undergoing a rapid and drastic transformation. Dense human populations are concentrated in coastal areas, leading to increased coastal development, destruction of near-shore habitats, pollution, and overexploitation of marine resources. For most Latin American and Caribbean countries, the deterioration of coastal ecosystems is particularly critical due to the strong dependency of their economies on the quality of natural resources and ecosystems. Thus, the necessity of effectively conserving and managing marine ecosystems with a more integrative, ecosystem–based approach is urgent. Marine reserves constitute a powerful conservation tool for mitigating ocean degradation. Because they provide spatial refuges for fished populations, and protect important habitats and their associated ecological interactions, they are particularly beneficial for counteracting the harmful effects of overfishing. In Chapter 2 of this thesis, I present a comprehensive analysis of the status and progress of marine protected areas (MPAs), particularly no-take marine reserves in Latin America and the Caribbean. I also show that the number and area protected have increased through time, particularly since the 1980s; but the system of MPAs is still deficient in fully representing the whole array of marine biogeographic provinces. In addition, I demonstrate that no-take marine reserves are poorly utilized for conservation of marine biodiversity in this region. Finally, I highlight the need for strengthening the marine conservation initiative in Latin America and the Caribbean under a regional approach. In Chapter 3 using meta-analytic methods, I quantitatively estimate the magnitude of the conservation effects of marine reserves in Latin America and the Caribbean. I examine the species and reserve characteristics that contribute to explain the variation in responses to protection. These analyses demonstrate positive outcomes of reserve protection at assemblage and species levels, and confirm the effectiveness of marine reserves as a conservation tool to rebuild exploited populations. Less clear is the relationship between density responses to protection and species-specific characteristics. Species with different trophic levels, adult mobility, body size and resilience can benefit from protection. Nevertheless, when I examine the effects of protection on one habitat type (coral reefs) using biomass as the response variable different trophic groups show differential responses. Predators demonstrated higher positive responses compared to herbivores or producers. In addition some indirect effects were disclosed. Findings from this research have direct implications for the advancement of marine conservation in Latin America and the Caribbean. Chapter 2 provides an important tool for planning marine conservation strategies at a regional scale. Areas that need more protection are highlighted, especially networks of no-take marine reserves in the Eastern Pacific and Southern Atlantic. Additionally, this assessment can be used as a baseline to make future comparisons of the progress of marine biodiversity conservation in this region. Chapter 3 demonstrates the powerful effect of no-take marine reserves in restoring depleted populations and in some cases recovering ecological functions that have been lost due to overfishing in Latin American and the Caribbean. Close

• 60. [Article] Antarctic icebergs: A significant natural ocean sound source in the Southern Hemisphere

  To the best of our knowledge, one or more authors of this paper were federal employees when contributing to this work. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by the author(s) ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Antarctic icebergs: A significant natural ocean sound source in the Southern Hemisphere Author: Lau, T. -K. A., Fowler, Matt, Matsumoto, Haru, Salo, Sigrid A., Dziak, Robert P., Haxel, Joseph H., Tournadre, Jean, Bohnenstiehl, DelWayne R. To the best of our knowledge, one or more authors of this paper were federal employees when contributing to this work. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by the author(s) and published by the American Geophysical Union. The published article can be found at: http://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/agu/journal/10.1002/%28ISSN%291525-2027/. Title: Antarctic icebergs: A significant natural ocean sound source in the Southern Hemisphere Author: Lau, T. -K. A., Fowler, Matt, Matsumoto, Haru, Salo, Sigrid A., Dziak, Robert P., Haxel, Joseph H., Tournadre, Jean, Bohnenstiehl, DelWayne R. To the best of our knowledge, one or more authors of this paper were federal employees when contributing to this work. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by the author(s) and published by the American Geophysical Union. The published article can be found at: http://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/agu/journal/10.1002/%28ISSN%291525-2027/. Close

• 61. [Article] Is Fishing Compatible with Environmental Conservation: A Stochastic Model with an Element of Self-Protection

  Research Paper

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Is Fishing Compatible with Environmental Conservation: A Stochastic Model with an Element of Self-Protection Author: Hilgert, Nadine, Pardo, Sophie, Tidball, Mabel, Ami, Dominique Research Paper Title: Is Fishing Compatible with Environmental Conservation: A Stochastic Model with an Element of Self-Protection Author: Hilgert, Nadine, Pardo, Sophie, Tidball, Mabel, Ami, Dominique Research Paper Close

• 62. [Article] Distribution, structure, and function of marine ecological communities in the northern California Current upwelling ecosystem

  Within systems characterized by substantial spatial and temporal variability, abundances of organisms tend to be higher in localized areas. Within the northern California Current system, the identification ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Distribution, structure, and function of marine ecological communities in the northern California Current upwelling ecosystem Author: Reese, Douglas Charles Within systems characterized by substantial spatial and temporal variability, abundances of organisms tend to be higher in localized areas. Within the northern California Current system, the identification of such marine, biological hotspots would be of great importance to resource managers, conservationists, and research planners, and is consequently a growing area of research. Furthermore, in order to understand how ecosystems function and persist, it is necessary to know how ecological communities are distributed. The overall goal of this study is to provide further understanding regarding the functioning of marine ecosystems in such highly variable environments and to provide information about the distribution and structure of marine communities. Sampling was conducted during June and August of 2000 and 2002 as part of the U.S. GLOBEC mesoscale surveys from Newport, Oregon in the north to Crescent City, California in the south. A geostatistical approach was used to create surfaces used in a GIS to determine the distribution of various community characteristics. Two biological hotspots were identified and determined to persist in space and time, yet differed with respect to biological and physical features and in the amount of area covered. Various community analyses, including nonmetric multidimensional scaling, indicator species analysis, and cluster analysis were used to determine various community properties associated with the hotspots and non-hotspot regions. Results indicate that nekton biological hotspots in the northern California Current persist across differing environmental and biological conditions, although upwelling-based hotspots may be more susceptible to climatic conditions than retention-based hotspots. Analyses of the distribution of the functional groups within the region indicate that the predominant biological activity is spatially nonrandom and occurs within persistent, localized areas. Analyses of species associations suggest a moderate degree of redundancy. The presence of such complementary species within functional groups may confer the stability observed within these systems. The finding that large regional areas are composed of smaller, localized hotspots where a predominant amount of biological activity is occurring, suggests that the evaluation of large marine ecosystems may lead to erroneous or misleading results if they do not consider the more persistent, localized biological hotspots. Title: Distribution, structure, and function of marine ecological communities in the northern California Current upwelling ecosystem Author: Reese, Douglas Charles Within systems characterized by substantial spatial and temporal variability, abundances of organisms tend to be higher in localized areas. Within the northern California Current system, the identification of such marine, biological hotspots would be of great importance to resource managers, conservationists, and research planners, and is consequently a growing area of research. Furthermore, in order to understand how ecosystems function and persist, it is necessary to know how ecological communities are distributed. The overall goal of this study is to provide further understanding regarding the functioning of marine ecosystems in such highly variable environments and to provide information about the distribution and structure of marine communities. Sampling was conducted during June and August of 2000 and 2002 as part of the U.S. GLOBEC mesoscale surveys from Newport, Oregon in the north to Crescent City, California in the south. A geostatistical approach was used to create surfaces used in a GIS to determine the distribution of various community characteristics. Two biological hotspots were identified and determined to persist in space and time, yet differed with respect to biological and physical features and in the amount of area covered. Various community analyses, including nonmetric multidimensional scaling, indicator species analysis, and cluster analysis were used to determine various community properties associated with the hotspots and non-hotspot regions. Results indicate that nekton biological hotspots in the northern California Current persist across differing environmental and biological conditions, although upwelling-based hotspots may be more susceptible to climatic conditions than retention-based hotspots. Analyses of the distribution of the functional groups within the region indicate that the predominant biological activity is spatially nonrandom and occurs within persistent, localized areas. Analyses of species associations suggest a moderate degree of redundancy. The presence of such complementary species within functional groups may confer the stability observed within these systems. The finding that large regional areas are composed of smaller, localized hotspots where a predominant amount of biological activity is occurring, suggests that the evaluation of large marine ecosystems may lead to erroneous or misleading results if they do not consider the more persistent, localized biological hotspots. Close

• 63. [Article] Light and the behavior of pelagic animals during night and crepuscular periods

  Light plays an important role in ecological processes in the ocean both day and night. While relatively inexpensive, off the shelf instruments are available to measure Photosynthetically Active Radiation ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Light and the behavior of pelagic animals during night and crepuscular periods Author: Wisdom, Daniel W. Light plays an important role in ecological processes in the ocean both day and night. While relatively inexpensive, off the shelf instruments are available to measure Photosynthetically Active Radiation or PAR during the day, efforts to quantify light levels at night have proven more difficult. The goal of this work was to quantify nighttime light levels while simultaneously examining the movement of pelagic animals to explore correlations between light levels and the vertical movement of these animals during crepuscular periods and during the rise and set of the moon. This study explores two hypotheses about the role of light with respect to the vertical migration of animals in water. The first is that at a constant depth, light levels correlate with the scattering volume, or abundance, of animals in the water column. The experiment failed to prove this hypothesis; therefore, it is concluded that light is not a significant predictor of the amount of animal scattering volume at a constant depth. The second hypothesis tested is that pelagic animals follow an isolume up and down the water column as light levels change. Experiments showed a wide variance in animal scattering volume along an isolume instead of being relatively constant as would be expected if animals followed an isolume. Additional analysis showed no relationship between volume backscatter and depth. Therefore it is concluded that animals do not follow an isolume up and down the water column as light levels vary. The development of methods to monitor nocturnal behavior of pelagic animals has implications for marine resource management. This study was performed in the Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary and provides previously unavailable data to Sanctuary Managers about important nocturnal marine processes. Sanctuary Managers are mandated to use Ecosystem-Based Management principles in managing the Sanctuary. This is a complex marine ecosystem in which the interaction of small scale components can have large influences in macrosystem dynamics which can feed back to influence smaller scale systems again. To assist them, Sanctuary Managers have developed Resource Preservation and Research plans that require data of many types. Experiments incorporating techniques using acoustical instruments to measure abundance and migration patterns of pelagic animals can help Sanctuary Managers better understand the complex linkages of the marine ecosystem in the Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary. Title: Light and the behavior of pelagic animals during night and crepuscular periods Author: Wisdom, Daniel W. Light plays an important role in ecological processes in the ocean both day and night. While relatively inexpensive, off the shelf instruments are available to measure Photosynthetically Active Radiation or PAR during the day, efforts to quantify light levels at night have proven more difficult. The goal of this work was to quantify nighttime light levels while simultaneously examining the movement of pelagic animals to explore correlations between light levels and the vertical movement of these animals during crepuscular periods and during the rise and set of the moon. This study explores two hypotheses about the role of light with respect to the vertical migration of animals in water. The first is that at a constant depth, light levels correlate with the scattering volume, or abundance, of animals in the water column. The experiment failed to prove this hypothesis; therefore, it is concluded that light is not a significant predictor of the amount of animal scattering volume at a constant depth. The second hypothesis tested is that pelagic animals follow an isolume up and down the water column as light levels change. Experiments showed a wide variance in animal scattering volume along an isolume instead of being relatively constant as would be expected if animals followed an isolume. Additional analysis showed no relationship between volume backscatter and depth. Therefore it is concluded that animals do not follow an isolume up and down the water column as light levels vary. The development of methods to monitor nocturnal behavior of pelagic animals has implications for marine resource management. This study was performed in the Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary and provides previously unavailable data to Sanctuary Managers about important nocturnal marine processes. Sanctuary Managers are mandated to use Ecosystem-Based Management principles in managing the Sanctuary. This is a complex marine ecosystem in which the interaction of small scale components can have large influences in macrosystem dynamics which can feed back to influence smaller scale systems again. To assist them, Sanctuary Managers have developed Resource Preservation and Research plans that require data of many types. Experiments incorporating techniques using acoustical instruments to measure abundance and migration patterns of pelagic animals can help Sanctuary Managers better understand the complex linkages of the marine ecosystem in the Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary. Close

• 64. [Article] Incorporation of diet information derived from Bayesian stable isotope mixing models into mass-balanced marine ecosystem models: A case study from the Marennes-Oleron Estuary, France

  To the best of our knowledge, one or more authors of this paper were federal employees when contributing to this work. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by Elsevier ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Incorporation of diet information derived from Bayesian stable isotope mixing models into mass-balanced marine ecosystem models: A case study from the Marennes-Oleron Estuary, France Author: Phillips, Donald, Pacella, Stephen R., Richard, Pierre, DeWitt, Theodore H., Lebreton, Benoit, Niquil, Nathalie To the best of our knowledge, one or more authors of this paper were federal employees when contributing to this work. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by Elsevier and can be found at: http://www.elsevier.com/. Title: Incorporation of diet information derived from Bayesian stable isotope mixing models into mass-balanced marine ecosystem models: A case study from the Marennes-Oleron Estuary, France Author: Phillips, Donald, Pacella, Stephen R., Richard, Pierre, DeWitt, Theodore H., Lebreton, Benoit, Niquil, Nathalie To the best of our knowledge, one or more authors of this paper were federal employees when contributing to this work. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by Elsevier and can be found at: http://www.elsevier.com/. Close

• 65. [Article] The Effects of Artificial Structures on Estuarine Infaunal Communities and Offshore Biofouling Communities

  For hundreds of years, coastal and marine ecosystems have experienced increasing threats due to the cumulative effects of increasing population growth and dependence on these ecosystems. Thus, there has ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The Effects of Artificial Structures on Estuarine Infaunal Communities and Offshore Biofouling Communities Author: Mendoza, Maritza For hundreds of years, coastal and marine ecosystems have experienced increasing threats due to the cumulative effects of increasing population growth and dependence on these ecosystems. Thus, there has been increased enthusiasm to mitigate the negative effects of human actions through the use of cleaner sources of energy, like marine renewable energy (MRE). The U.S. West Coast shows potential for tidal, wave, and offshore wind energy. Concern about MRE deployments has motivated research on the environmental effects of these new man-made hard structures in the ocean. Although this kind of development is relatively new in the U.S, placing man-made hard structure in coastal and marine ecosystems around the world has shown to create new habitat for algae, invertebrates, and fish and create foraging opportunities for birds and mammals, eventually becoming an artificial reef. The overall goal of my research was to use existing artificial structures to investigate a few specific effects of MRE development in Oregon waters. My research had two components: to assess the extent to which soft-sediment habitats are influenced by the presence of artificial structures deployed in Yaquina Bay, OR, and to characterize the biofouling communities present on bottom and surface artificial structures deployed offshore. Previous research indicates artificial structures modify sediment composition by increasing the erosion around a structure and that there is a close link between infaunal communities and sediment composition. Grain size analyses confirmed artificial structures change the physical environment around them, although these differences were not sufficient to cause a visible change in infaunal communities. Sediment characteristics also did not explain the greater infaunal abundances, mainly of Capitellidae polychaetes, closer to the structures than further away. Results indicated there were significant differences in sediment characteristics between locations in Yaquina Bay, most likely because of the greater amount of fine sediment at the sites located further upstream than those located closer to the mouth of the estuary. These differences in sediment characteristics appeared to be large enough to see a grouping of infaunal communities with location in Yaquina Bay. This study provided additional evidence that artificial structures alter their physical environment, but these structures and physical effects did not change the composition of the infaunal communities after a period of eight years. Assessing the biofouling cover on the offshore bottom and surface artificial structures showed that after a period of two years, the biofouling communities on the offshore bottom structures mostly consisted of balanoid barnacles, which resulted in little biomass. The bottom structures appeared to have been tipped over during their time in the water, potentially preventing the biofouling communities from developing more. In contrast, the surface artificial structures had greater overall cover, although cover mostly consisted of algae and gooseneck barnacles. Mussels, amphipods, crabs, and bivalves were found within the algae demonstrating the additional structure provided by the algae supported a greater variety of organisms on the surface structure. This study provided a “snapshot” of possible biofouling communities on offshore artificial structures, but longitudinal studies would enable us to monitor the development of the biofouling communities on these structures to better understand the mechanisms that caused the observed biofouling communities. Conducting these studies in an estuarine environment where in-stream tidal energy could be developed and in an offshore environment where wave energy devices would be deployed supplies greater specific knowledge about the possible effects of MRE devices in Oregon waters and also demonstrates the importance of site-specific research. Title: The Effects of Artificial Structures on Estuarine Infaunal Communities and Offshore Biofouling Communities Author: Mendoza, Maritza For hundreds of years, coastal and marine ecosystems have experienced increasing threats due to the cumulative effects of increasing population growth and dependence on these ecosystems. Thus, there has been increased enthusiasm to mitigate the negative effects of human actions through the use of cleaner sources of energy, like marine renewable energy (MRE). The U.S. West Coast shows potential for tidal, wave, and offshore wind energy. Concern about MRE deployments has motivated research on the environmental effects of these new man-made hard structures in the ocean. Although this kind of development is relatively new in the U.S, placing man-made hard structure in coastal and marine ecosystems around the world has shown to create new habitat for algae, invertebrates, and fish and create foraging opportunities for birds and mammals, eventually becoming an artificial reef. The overall goal of my research was to use existing artificial structures to investigate a few specific effects of MRE development in Oregon waters. My research had two components: to assess the extent to which soft-sediment habitats are influenced by the presence of artificial structures deployed in Yaquina Bay, OR, and to characterize the biofouling communities present on bottom and surface artificial structures deployed offshore. Previous research indicates artificial structures modify sediment composition by increasing the erosion around a structure and that there is a close link between infaunal communities and sediment composition. Grain size analyses confirmed artificial structures change the physical environment around them, although these differences were not sufficient to cause a visible change in infaunal communities. Sediment characteristics also did not explain the greater infaunal abundances, mainly of Capitellidae polychaetes, closer to the structures than further away. Results indicated there were significant differences in sediment characteristics between locations in Yaquina Bay, most likely because of the greater amount of fine sediment at the sites located further upstream than those located closer to the mouth of the estuary. These differences in sediment characteristics appeared to be large enough to see a grouping of infaunal communities with location in Yaquina Bay. This study provided additional evidence that artificial structures alter their physical environment, but these structures and physical effects did not change the composition of the infaunal communities after a period of eight years. Assessing the biofouling cover on the offshore bottom and surface artificial structures showed that after a period of two years, the biofouling communities on the offshore bottom structures mostly consisted of balanoid barnacles, which resulted in little biomass. The bottom structures appeared to have been tipped over during their time in the water, potentially preventing the biofouling communities from developing more. In contrast, the surface artificial structures had greater overall cover, although cover mostly consisted of algae and gooseneck barnacles. Mussels, amphipods, crabs, and bivalves were found within the algae demonstrating the additional structure provided by the algae supported a greater variety of organisms on the surface structure. This study provided a “snapshot” of possible biofouling communities on offshore artificial structures, but longitudinal studies would enable us to monitor the development of the biofouling communities on these structures to better understand the mechanisms that caused the observed biofouling communities. Conducting these studies in an estuarine environment where in-stream tidal energy could be developed and in an offshore environment where wave energy devices would be deployed supplies greater specific knowledge about the possible effects of MRE devices in Oregon waters and also demonstrates the importance of site-specific research. Close

• 66. [Article] The great 2012 Arctic Ocean summer cyclone enhanced biological productivity on the shelves

  This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by the author(s) and published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. on behalf of the American Geophysical Union. The published article can be ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The great 2012 Arctic Ocean summer cyclone enhanced biological productivity on the shelves Author: Spitz, Yvette H., Hill, Victoria, Zhang, Jinlun, Campbell, Robert, Steele, Michael, Ashjian, Carin This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by the author(s) and published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. on behalf of the American Geophysical Union. The published article can be found at: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1002/(ISSN)2169-9291. Title: The great 2012 Arctic Ocean summer cyclone enhanced biological productivity on the shelves Author: Spitz, Yvette H., Hill, Victoria, Zhang, Jinlun, Campbell, Robert, Steele, Michael, Ashjian, Carin This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by the author(s) and published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. on behalf of the American Geophysical Union. The published article can be found at: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1002/(ISSN)2169-9291. Close

• 67. [Article] Ecology of the northern subpopulation of northern anchovy (Engraulis mordax) in the California Current large marine ecosystem

  Northern anchovy (Engraulis mordax) are a dominant forage fish in the California Current large marine ecosystem (CCLME). However, little is known about northern anchovy abundance, distribution, age structure, ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Ecology of the northern subpopulation of northern anchovy (Engraulis mordax) in the California Current large marine ecosystem Author: Litz, Marisa N. C. Northern anchovy (Engraulis mordax) are a dominant forage fish in the California Current large marine ecosystem (CCLME). However, little is known about northern anchovy abundance, distribution, age structure, or population fluctuations relative to ocean conditions in the eastern boundary upwelling system off the U.S. West Coast. This thesis includes three primary studies of northern anchovy in the CCLME off Oregon and Washington using data collected during four National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) surveys (1977-2006): inter- and intra-annual variation in anchovy distribution and its relationship to oceanography, growth rates of larval and juvenile anchovy that indicate the timing of major spawning events and changes in mortality rates, and analysis of whole lipids and fatty acid profiles to determine food sources in years of contrasting oceanographic conditions. First, I quantified the relationship between northern anchovy abundance with environmental variables at two spatial and temporal scales: 1) mesoscale, including sea surface temperature (SST), salinity (SSS), density (SSD), chlorophyll a, distance from shore, and depth; and 2) macroscale, including Pacific Decadal Oscillation Index, Multivariate El Niño Southern Oscillation Index, timing of the Spring Transition, and abundance of cold-water zooplankton. Anchovy densities increased significantly from 1999-2004, and decreased significantly from 2005-2006. SST and proximity to shore were the most consistent parameters explaining anchovy distribution. Year-class strength was highly correlated with, and presumably driven by, the abundance of cold-water copepods. Second, I characterized recruitment for northern anchovy by conducting microstructure analysis of saggital otoliths from late larval and juvenile life history phases collected in September 2006. I identified a protracted spawning period for northern anchovy ranging from June-August 2006. Juveniles that were spawned and hatched early in the summer 2006 had higher growth rates, but smaller back-calculated sizes-at-age during the larval phase, when compared to congeners spawned later that summer. Finally, I determined total lipid content and fatty acid signatures of northern anchovy and three other forage fish species during two contrasting periods of oceanographic conditions (summers of 2005 and 2006): Pacific sardine (Sardinops sagax), Pacific herring (Clupea harengus pallasii), and whitebait smelt (Allosmerus elongatus). Forage fish lipid levels were lowest in 2005 and increased in 2006. Fatty acid biomarkers in 2005 indicated that the food web was based mainly on dinoflagellates, corroborating observations of delayed coastal upwelling and low primary productivity in the CCLME. In 2006, fatty acids reflected higher levels of diatom feeding and zooplankton carnivory. The results of these studies confirm that in the CCLME, northern anchovy are sensitive to even small environmental perturbations, which is important because this work provides metrics for evaluating climate-mediated, bottom-up ecological processes affecting anchovy survival. Title: Ecology of the northern subpopulation of northern anchovy (Engraulis mordax) in the California Current large marine ecosystem Author: Litz, Marisa N. C. Northern anchovy (Engraulis mordax) are a dominant forage fish in the California Current large marine ecosystem (CCLME). However, little is known about northern anchovy abundance, distribution, age structure, or population fluctuations relative to ocean conditions in the eastern boundary upwelling system off the U.S. West Coast. This thesis includes three primary studies of northern anchovy in the CCLME off Oregon and Washington using data collected during four National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) surveys (1977-2006): inter- and intra-annual variation in anchovy distribution and its relationship to oceanography, growth rates of larval and juvenile anchovy that indicate the timing of major spawning events and changes in mortality rates, and analysis of whole lipids and fatty acid profiles to determine food sources in years of contrasting oceanographic conditions. First, I quantified the relationship between northern anchovy abundance with environmental variables at two spatial and temporal scales: 1) mesoscale, including sea surface temperature (SST), salinity (SSS), density (SSD), chlorophyll a, distance from shore, and depth; and 2) macroscale, including Pacific Decadal Oscillation Index, Multivariate El Niño Southern Oscillation Index, timing of the Spring Transition, and abundance of cold-water zooplankton. Anchovy densities increased significantly from 1999-2004, and decreased significantly from 2005-2006. SST and proximity to shore were the most consistent parameters explaining anchovy distribution. Year-class strength was highly correlated with, and presumably driven by, the abundance of cold-water copepods. Second, I characterized recruitment for northern anchovy by conducting microstructure analysis of saggital otoliths from late larval and juvenile life history phases collected in September 2006. I identified a protracted spawning period for northern anchovy ranging from June-August 2006. Juveniles that were spawned and hatched early in the summer 2006 had higher growth rates, but smaller back-calculated sizes-at-age during the larval phase, when compared to congeners spawned later that summer. Finally, I determined total lipid content and fatty acid signatures of northern anchovy and three other forage fish species during two contrasting periods of oceanographic conditions (summers of 2005 and 2006): Pacific sardine (Sardinops sagax), Pacific herring (Clupea harengus pallasii), and whitebait smelt (Allosmerus elongatus). Forage fish lipid levels were lowest in 2005 and increased in 2006. Fatty acid biomarkers in 2005 indicated that the food web was based mainly on dinoflagellates, corroborating observations of delayed coastal upwelling and low primary productivity in the CCLME. In 2006, fatty acids reflected higher levels of diatom feeding and zooplankton carnivory. The results of these studies confirm that in the CCLME, northern anchovy are sensitive to even small environmental perturbations, which is important because this work provides metrics for evaluating climate-mediated, bottom-up ecological processes affecting anchovy survival. Close

• 68. [Article] Behavioral ecology of marbled murrelets (Brachyramphus marmoratus) in forest and marine ecosystems of Oregon

  Marbled Murrelets (Brachyramphus marmoratus) are threatened seabirds that are prone to disturbance both at sea and at old-growth forest nesting areas. I examined murrelet behavior and activity patterns ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Behavioral ecology of marbled murrelets (Brachyramphus marmoratus) in forest and marine ecosystems of Oregon Author: Jodice, Patrick G. R., 1961- Marbled Murrelets (Brachyramphus marmoratus) are threatened seabirds that are prone to disturbance both at sea and at old-growth forest nesting areas. I examined murrelet behavior and activity patterns in forest and marine ecosystems of Oregon. Diving behavior was studied during the 1995 and 1996 breeding seasons and was compared to predictions from optimal breathing models, which predicted a strong relationship between dive times and preceding pause times. Diving patterns appeared to fit these predictions more in 1996 than 1995 suggesting that diving behavior was affected more by annual changes in environmental conditions than by physiological constraints on breathing and diving as predicted by optimal breathing models. Activity patterns at inland nest sites were monitored on a near-daily basis during three breeding seasons to assess the relationships between activity and both weather and date. Daily activity was highly variable within and among sites and years and I observed greater variability in activity levels than has been previously reported for this species. Activity varied greatly during all portions of the breeding season and analyses revealed that weather and date variates explained little of the variability present. It also appeared that variability in activity during the breeding season was not due entirely to breeding phenology; however, activity of nonbreeding birds attending nesting stands may contribute to daily variability. Inland activity data also were used to assess the feasibility of developing long-term monitoring strategies based on counts of daily detections. I determined how effectively various survey strategies estimated measures of daily mean and standard deviation of detection counts of murrelets within a breeding season. Results indicated that it would be difficult to obtain reliable estimates of murrelet detections with sampling efforts up to 14 days/season. However, estimates of mean and standard deviation for daily detections during a breeding season may be reliably estimated to within ± 50% with similar or less effort. The power of survey strategies to detect annual declines in detections of 25% and 50% were very low and moderate, respectively, except when variability was quite low. Title: Behavioral ecology of marbled murrelets (Brachyramphus marmoratus) in forest and marine ecosystems of Oregon Author: Jodice, Patrick G. R., 1961- Marbled Murrelets (Brachyramphus marmoratus) are threatened seabirds that are prone to disturbance both at sea and at old-growth forest nesting areas. I examined murrelet behavior and activity patterns in forest and marine ecosystems of Oregon. Diving behavior was studied during the 1995 and 1996 breeding seasons and was compared to predictions from optimal breathing models, which predicted a strong relationship between dive times and preceding pause times. Diving patterns appeared to fit these predictions more in 1996 than 1995 suggesting that diving behavior was affected more by annual changes in environmental conditions than by physiological constraints on breathing and diving as predicted by optimal breathing models. Activity patterns at inland nest sites were monitored on a near-daily basis during three breeding seasons to assess the relationships between activity and both weather and date. Daily activity was highly variable within and among sites and years and I observed greater variability in activity levels than has been previously reported for this species. Activity varied greatly during all portions of the breeding season and analyses revealed that weather and date variates explained little of the variability present. It also appeared that variability in activity during the breeding season was not due entirely to breeding phenology; however, activity of nonbreeding birds attending nesting stands may contribute to daily variability. Inland activity data also were used to assess the feasibility of developing long-term monitoring strategies based on counts of daily detections. I determined how effectively various survey strategies estimated measures of daily mean and standard deviation of detection counts of murrelets within a breeding season. Results indicated that it would be difficult to obtain reliable estimates of murrelet detections with sampling efforts up to 14 days/season. However, estimates of mean and standard deviation for daily detections during a breeding season may be reliably estimated to within ± 50% with similar or less effort. The power of survey strategies to detect annual declines in detections of 25% and 50% were very low and moderate, respectively, except when variability was quite low. Close

• 69. [Article] The Factors Affecting the Diets of Groundfish in the Gulf of Alaska : Ecological and Modeling Considerations

  Marine systems undergo changes in community composition over time as a result of a variety of environmental and anthropogenic factors. Understanding these community changes and the factors that drive them ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The Factors Affecting the Diets of Groundfish in the Gulf of Alaska : Ecological and Modeling Considerations Author: Thompson, Kevin A. Marine systems undergo changes in community composition over time as a result of a variety of environmental and anthropogenic factors. Understanding these community changes and the factors that drive them is critical for ecosystem management of marine resources. The Gulf of Alaska (GOA) is a large marine ecosystem that includes a variety of species that support large scale fisheries. This is also a system in which large scale community shifts, or regime shifts, have occurred due to the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) and fishing pressure. Given the economic and conservation importance of this marine system, the GOA has been modeled using a variety of multispecies, or ecosystem, models. While this work has been critical in understanding the ecosystem dynamics of the GOA and helped generate management recommendations for commercial species, these models often make assumptions regarding trophic-dynamics, particularly that predator-prey relationships follow a standard functional response and do not change through time in response to environmental variables. However, empirical evidence suggests that a predator's diet can be influenced by a variety of factors, abiotic and biotic, at large and small spatial scales. Our overall objective was to investigate the potential impact environmental variables may have in structuring this ecosystem by using statistical analyses of diets and an ecosystem modeling framework. We focused on three commercially and ecologically important groundfish predators: Pacific Cod (Gadus macrocephalus), Pacific Halibut (Hippoglossus stenolepis), and Sablefish (Anoplopoma fimbria). We also focused on a key prey species, Walleye Pollock (Gadus chalcogrammus), and used environmental data collected during trawl surveys and PDO data generated for the entire North Pacific region. The first study completed was focused solely on the consumption of Walleye Pollock, a critical fishery species and ecosystem link. We used data from trawl surveys to determine the potential influence of local environmental variables on the predation rate of Walleye Pollock in the system by these groundfish. Using an information-theoretic approach, we found that predator length was positively related to Walleye Pollock presence and proportion of total diet weight in all predators. Increased temperatures positively affected consumption of Walleye Pollock by Pacific Halibut, but not the other predators. We found evidence for a number of inter-predator effects of co-occurring predators, both positive (facultative) and negative (competitive). Observed prey density was not statistically significant with respect to consumption for these predators, suggesting that trawls sample the environment differently than Walleye Pollock predators or species interactions are more complex than those used in previous multispecies models. In our second study, we considered the entire diet of these predators, rather than one key prey. Furthermore, because PDO had been described as leading to community changes in the system previously, we hypothesized that it could also be driving shifts in diets in the three groundfish predators we studied. We used a multivariate statistical approach to compare the diets of these predators by PDO state (warm or cold years) and also included local environmental covariates. Overall, we found that diets observed in PDO cold years were significantly different than diets in fish in warm years. In general, predators were found to be consuming more Walleye Pollock and euphausiids in warm years, and more benthic invertebrates and other forage fish in cold years. Local environmental covariates contributed to the diets observed in these predators, however no general pattern was observed. Our results also show the benefit of using diet data from large scale monitoring efforts as indicators of community shifts in a large marine ecosystem through time. Ultimately, we used our statistical analyses regarding diet and PDO state to drive a modeling exercise using alternate representations of the diets of the predators in the GOA. We investigated the potential impact of shifting diets in groundfish in an ecosystem-modeling framework, using Ecopath trophic-mass balance models. We changed the diets of key groundfish predators in the model based on our previous results for three alternative model parametrizations; 1) average conditions over the time period, 2) cold PDO state, and 3) warm PDO state. We noted a number of differences in model estimated ecosystem indices. Biomass accumulation estimates indicated that some ecologically and commercially important species groups would be expected to greatly diverge in population size if models were based on data from warm vs. cold PDO years compared to the averaged climatic state. In general, predator overlap was at its lowest in the cold year model, as predators had more diverse diets and therefore predation was more diffuse in the system in general. These results indicate the potential importance of environmental context when collecting diet data to be used in ecosystem models designed to provide fishery management recommendations. As ecosystem models are used more commonly, taking the time to investigate the factors that structure diets and how predation changes due to environment can yield more representative, and potentially more accurate biomass projections and recommendations for the GOA and likely many other managed marine ecosystems. Title: The Factors Affecting the Diets of Groundfish in the Gulf of Alaska : Ecological and Modeling Considerations Author: Thompson, Kevin A. Marine systems undergo changes in community composition over time as a result of a variety of environmental and anthropogenic factors. Understanding these community changes and the factors that drive them is critical for ecosystem management of marine resources. The Gulf of Alaska (GOA) is a large marine ecosystem that includes a variety of species that support large scale fisheries. This is also a system in which large scale community shifts, or regime shifts, have occurred due to the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) and fishing pressure. Given the economic and conservation importance of this marine system, the GOA has been modeled using a variety of multispecies, or ecosystem, models. While this work has been critical in understanding the ecosystem dynamics of the GOA and helped generate management recommendations for commercial species, these models often make assumptions regarding trophic-dynamics, particularly that predator-prey relationships follow a standard functional response and do not change through time in response to environmental variables. However, empirical evidence suggests that a predator's diet can be influenced by a variety of factors, abiotic and biotic, at large and small spatial scales. Our overall objective was to investigate the potential impact environmental variables may have in structuring this ecosystem by using statistical analyses of diets and an ecosystem modeling framework. We focused on three commercially and ecologically important groundfish predators: Pacific Cod (Gadus macrocephalus), Pacific Halibut (Hippoglossus stenolepis), and Sablefish (Anoplopoma fimbria). We also focused on a key prey species, Walleye Pollock (Gadus chalcogrammus), and used environmental data collected during trawl surveys and PDO data generated for the entire North Pacific region. The first study completed was focused solely on the consumption of Walleye Pollock, a critical fishery species and ecosystem link. We used data from trawl surveys to determine the potential influence of local environmental variables on the predation rate of Walleye Pollock in the system by these groundfish. Using an information-theoretic approach, we found that predator length was positively related to Walleye Pollock presence and proportion of total diet weight in all predators. Increased temperatures positively affected consumption of Walleye Pollock by Pacific Halibut, but not the other predators. We found evidence for a number of inter-predator effects of co-occurring predators, both positive (facultative) and negative (competitive). Observed prey density was not statistically significant with respect to consumption for these predators, suggesting that trawls sample the environment differently than Walleye Pollock predators or species interactions are more complex than those used in previous multispecies models. In our second study, we considered the entire diet of these predators, rather than one key prey. Furthermore, because PDO had been described as leading to community changes in the system previously, we hypothesized that it could also be driving shifts in diets in the three groundfish predators we studied. We used a multivariate statistical approach to compare the diets of these predators by PDO state (warm or cold years) and also included local environmental covariates. Overall, we found that diets observed in PDO cold years were significantly different than diets in fish in warm years. In general, predators were found to be consuming more Walleye Pollock and euphausiids in warm years, and more benthic invertebrates and other forage fish in cold years. Local environmental covariates contributed to the diets observed in these predators, however no general pattern was observed. Our results also show the benefit of using diet data from large scale monitoring efforts as indicators of community shifts in a large marine ecosystem through time. Ultimately, we used our statistical analyses regarding diet and PDO state to drive a modeling exercise using alternate representations of the diets of the predators in the GOA. We investigated the potential impact of shifting diets in groundfish in an ecosystem-modeling framework, using Ecopath trophic-mass balance models. We changed the diets of key groundfish predators in the model based on our previous results for three alternative model parametrizations; 1) average conditions over the time period, 2) cold PDO state, and 3) warm PDO state. We noted a number of differences in model estimated ecosystem indices. Biomass accumulation estimates indicated that some ecologically and commercially important species groups would be expected to greatly diverge in population size if models were based on data from warm vs. cold PDO years compared to the averaged climatic state. In general, predator overlap was at its lowest in the cold year model, as predators had more diverse diets and therefore predation was more diffuse in the system in general. These results indicate the potential importance of environmental context when collecting diet data to be used in ecosystem models designed to provide fishery management recommendations. As ecosystem models are used more commonly, taking the time to investigate the factors that structure diets and how predation changes due to environment can yield more representative, and potentially more accurate biomass projections and recommendations for the GOA and likely many other managed marine ecosystems. Close

• 70. [Article] Obligations to Protect Marine Ecosystems Under International Conventions and other Legal Instruments

  Research Paper

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Obligations to Protect Marine Ecosystems Under International Conventions and other Legal Instruments Author: Aqorau, Transform Research Paper Title: Obligations to Protect Marine Ecosystems Under International Conventions and other Legal Instruments Author: Aqorau, Transform Research Paper Close

• 71. [Article] Tev (total Economic Value) Analysis of A Marine Environment in Norway

  The push for ecosystem based management has opened up not only for including more of the natural systems when managing fish resources, but also a broader perspective on the human systems, and the diverse ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Tev (total Economic Value) Analysis of A Marine Environment in Norway Author: Kahui, Viktoria, Armstrong, Claire, Aanesen, Margrethe The push for ecosystem based management has opened up not only for including more of the natural systems when managing fish resources, but also a broader perspective on the human systems, and the diverse activities in the sea. This is reflected for instance in the EU Maritime Policy where fisheries is just one of many activities that marine management must take into account. Research into valuation of natural resources has shown that non-use values may be substantial in the marine environment; These are e.g. existence values, such as the existence of rare species and benthic components such as corals, and option values with regard to potential future applications, e.g. in marine bioprospecting. In addition, indirect use values, such as habitat values, recreational values and nutrient cycling often far exceed the direct use values, which are typically the value of the fisheries, aquaculture and marine tourism. Applying and critiquing the Total Economic Value (TEV) set up, we have estimated marine direct use values, including fisheries and aquaculture, indirect use values and non-use values in Nordland county in Norway, specifically connected to the Lofoten-Vesterålen marine area. Lofoten-Vesterålen is the most important spawning ground for commercial fish resources such as cod and herring, and it is also a very popular tourist destination. Yet when studying some of the other values that the marine environment supplies, these traditional values are not necessarily the most important. Title: Tev (total Economic Value) Analysis of A Marine Environment in Norway Author: Kahui, Viktoria, Armstrong, Claire, Aanesen, Margrethe The push for ecosystem based management has opened up not only for including more of the natural systems when managing fish resources, but also a broader perspective on the human systems, and the diverse activities in the sea. This is reflected for instance in the EU Maritime Policy where fisheries is just one of many activities that marine management must take into account. Research into valuation of natural resources has shown that non-use values may be substantial in the marine environment; These are e.g. existence values, such as the existence of rare species and benthic components such as corals, and option values with regard to potential future applications, e.g. in marine bioprospecting. In addition, indirect use values, such as habitat values, recreational values and nutrient cycling often far exceed the direct use values, which are typically the value of the fisheries, aquaculture and marine tourism. Applying and critiquing the Total Economic Value (TEV) set up, we have estimated marine direct use values, including fisheries and aquaculture, indirect use values and non-use values in Nordland county in Norway, specifically connected to the Lofoten-Vesterålen marine area. Lofoten-Vesterålen is the most important spawning ground for commercial fish resources such as cod and herring, and it is also a very popular tourist destination. Yet when studying some of the other values that the marine environment supplies, these traditional values are not necessarily the most important. Close

• 72. [Article] Evaluation of Integrated Ecological-Economic Models - What are they used for?

  presentation

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Evaluation of Integrated Ecological-Economic Models - What are they used for? Author: Schmidt, Jörn, Holland, Dan, Amboage, Rosa Mato, Nielsen, J. Rasmus, Thunberg, Eric, Bastardie, Francois presentation Title: Evaluation of Integrated Ecological-Economic Models - What are they used for? Author: Schmidt, Jörn, Holland, Dan, Amboage, Rosa Mato, Nielsen, J. Rasmus, Thunberg, Eric, Bastardie, Francois presentation Close

• 73. [Article] New approach for using remotely sensed chlorophyll a to identify seabird hotspots

  This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by Inter-Research and can be found at: http://www.int-res.com/.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: New approach for using remotely sensed chlorophyll a to identify seabird hotspots Author: Suryan, Robert M., Santora, Jarrod A., Sydeman, William J. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by Inter-Research and can be found at: http://www.int-res.com/. Title: New approach for using remotely sensed chlorophyll a to identify seabird hotspots Author: Suryan, Robert M., Santora, Jarrod A., Sydeman, William J. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by Inter-Research and can be found at: http://www.int-res.com/. Close

• 74. [Article] Development of a Marine Strategy for Qeshm Island

  Research Paper

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Development of a Marine Strategy for Qeshm Island Author: Shallard, Bruce Research Paper Title: Development of a Marine Strategy for Qeshm Island Author: Shallard, Bruce Research Paper Close

• 75. [Article] Opportunities and challenges in engaging stakeholders in marine reserves planning in Oregon

  This paper explores the contributions of social capital, social connections, and stakeholder engagement to the goals of ecosystem-based management in a local scale marine planning process. The body of ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Opportunities and challenges in engaging stakeholders in marine reserves planning in Oregon Author: Bird, Arwen This paper explores the contributions of social capital, social connections, and stakeholder engagement to the goals of ecosystem-based management in a local scale marine planning process. The body of work presented here, through a journal article and report, uses the lens of social capital to evaluate stakeholder engagement in making recommendations for marine reserves through a community team process. In 2010, stakeholders were convened through a community team process to make recommendations for three potential marine reserves in Oregon. In 2012, Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife contracted with Oregon State University to conduct a rapid evaluation of the stakeholders engaged in that process. Stakeholders on each community team (CT) were surveyed using a web-based questionnaire; 70 (n=70) out of 96 participated in the rapid evaluation. The evaluation report assessed aspects of marine governance, including decision-making, meeting management, and team formation and makes recommendations to improve future processes. Data gathered through the survey was then reviewed using a social capital framework to explore the research question: how does social capital enhance or detract from the goals of marine ecosystem based management (MEBM) in local level marine planning processes? Results indicated that connectivity was enhanced during the CT process. Due to the dualistic nature of social capital, information sharing was both enhanced and detracted during the CT process. Respondents’ comments regarding power dynamics, through the operation of linking capital, between the CTs, nongovernmental organizations, and state entities are discussed relative to the influence these dynamics had on marine reserves planning overall and on the CT process in Oregon. Title: Opportunities and challenges in engaging stakeholders in marine reserves planning in Oregon Author: Bird, Arwen This paper explores the contributions of social capital, social connections, and stakeholder engagement to the goals of ecosystem-based management in a local scale marine planning process. The body of work presented here, through a journal article and report, uses the lens of social capital to evaluate stakeholder engagement in making recommendations for marine reserves through a community team process. In 2010, stakeholders were convened through a community team process to make recommendations for three potential marine reserves in Oregon. In 2012, Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife contracted with Oregon State University to conduct a rapid evaluation of the stakeholders engaged in that process. Stakeholders on each community team (CT) were surveyed using a web-based questionnaire; 70 (n=70) out of 96 participated in the rapid evaluation. The evaluation report assessed aspects of marine governance, including decision-making, meeting management, and team formation and makes recommendations to improve future processes. Data gathered through the survey was then reviewed using a social capital framework to explore the research question: how does social capital enhance or detract from the goals of marine ecosystem based management (MEBM) in local level marine planning processes? Results indicated that connectivity was enhanced during the CT process. Due to the dualistic nature of social capital, information sharing was both enhanced and detracted during the CT process. Respondents’ comments regarding power dynamics, through the operation of linking capital, between the CTs, nongovernmental organizations, and state entities are discussed relative to the influence these dynamics had on marine reserves planning overall and on the CT process in Oregon. Close

• 76. [Article] Alaska SeaLife Center guide to marine life : for visitors, staff, and all marine life enthusiasts

  This was originally published in 2006 by the Alaska SeaLife Center (http://www.alaskasealife.org/) as a CD. Partial funding for the project was provided by Alaska Sea Grant.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Alaska SeaLife Center guide to marine life : for visitors, staff, and all marine life enthusiasts Author: Hansen, Gayle I., Uscian, John M. This was originally published in 2006 by the Alaska SeaLife Center (http://www.alaskasealife.org/) as a CD. Partial funding for the project was provided by Alaska Sea Grant. Title: Alaska SeaLife Center guide to marine life : for visitors, staff, and all marine life enthusiasts Author: Hansen, Gayle I., Uscian, John M. This was originally published in 2006 by the Alaska SeaLife Center (http://www.alaskasealife.org/) as a CD. Partial funding for the project was provided by Alaska Sea Grant. Close

• 77. [Article] Securing ocean benefits for society in the face of climate change

  To the best of our knowledge, one or more authors of this paper were federal employees when contributing to this work. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by Elsevier ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Securing ocean benefits for society in the face of climate change Author: Hollowed, A.B., Gaines, S.D., Talley, L.D., Ruckelshaus, M., Rabalais, N.N., Knowlton, N., Sydeman, W.J., Duffy, J.E., Grebmeier, J.M., Doney, S.C., Barry, J.P., Galindo, H.M., Polovina, J., English, C.A., Chan, F. To the best of our knowledge, one or more authors of this paper were federal employees when contributing to this work. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by Elsevier and can be found at: http://www.elsevier.com/. Title: Securing ocean benefits for society in the face of climate change Author: Hollowed, A.B., Gaines, S.D., Talley, L.D., Ruckelshaus, M., Rabalais, N.N., Knowlton, N., Sydeman, W.J., Duffy, J.E., Grebmeier, J.M., Doney, S.C., Barry, J.P., Galindo, H.M., Polovina, J., English, C.A., Chan, F. To the best of our knowledge, one or more authors of this paper were federal employees when contributing to this work. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by Elsevier and can be found at: http://www.elsevier.com/. Close

• 78. [Article] Marine Geomorphology in the Design of Marine Reserve Networks

  This is an author's peer-reviewed final manuscript, as accepted by the publisher. The published article is copyrighted by Taylor & Francis and can be found at: http://www.tandfonline.com/toc/rtpg20/cur...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Marine Geomorphology in the Design of Marine Reserve Networks Author: Heyman, William D., Wright, Dawn J. This is an author's peer-reviewed final manuscript, as accepted by the publisher. The published article is copyrighted by Taylor & Francis and can be found at: http://www.tandfonline.com/toc/rtpg20/current#.UYQkpHe1T75. Title: Marine Geomorphology in the Design of Marine Reserve Networks Author: Heyman, William D., Wright, Dawn J. This is an author's peer-reviewed final manuscript, as accepted by the publisher. The published article is copyrighted by Taylor & Francis and can be found at: http://www.tandfonline.com/toc/rtpg20/current#.UYQkpHe1T75. Close

• 79. [Article] Cumulative human impacts on marine predators

  To the best of our knowledge, one or more authors of this paper were federal employees when contributing to this work. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by Macmillan ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Cumulative human impacts on marine predators Author: Henry, Robert W., Hassrick, Jason L., Teutschel, Nicole M., Benson, Scott, Crowder, Larry B., Bailey, Helen, Halpern, Benjamin S., Dutton, Peter H., Mate, Bruce, Nickel, Barry, Irvine, Ladd, Bograd, Steven J., Hazen, Elliott L., Block, Barbara A., Weise, Michael J., Maxwell, Sara M., McDonald, Birgitte I., Shaffer, Scott A., Robinson, Patrick W., Costa, Daniel P., Breed, Greg A., Kuhn, Carey E., Kappes, Michelle A. To the best of our knowledge, one or more authors of this paper were federal employees when contributing to this work. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by Macmillan Publishers Limited and can be found at: http://www.nature.com/ncomms/index.html. Title: Cumulative human impacts on marine predators Author: Henry, Robert W., Hassrick, Jason L., Teutschel, Nicole M., Benson, Scott, Crowder, Larry B., Bailey, Helen, Halpern, Benjamin S., Dutton, Peter H., Mate, Bruce, Nickel, Barry, Irvine, Ladd, Bograd, Steven J., Hazen, Elliott L., Block, Barbara A., Weise, Michael J., Maxwell, Sara M., McDonald, Birgitte I., Shaffer, Scott A., Robinson, Patrick W., Costa, Daniel P., Breed, Greg A., Kuhn, Carey E., Kappes, Michelle A. To the best of our knowledge, one or more authors of this paper were federal employees when contributing to this work. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by Macmillan Publishers Limited and can be found at: http://www.nature.com/ncomms/index.html. Close

• 80. [Article] Parasite communities indicate effects of cross-shelf distributions, but not mesoscale oceanographic features on northern California Current mid-trophic food web

  To the best of our knowledge, one or more authors of this paper were federal employees when contributing to this work.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Parasite communities indicate effects of cross-shelf distributions, but not mesoscale oceanographic features on northern California Current mid-trophic food web Author: Jacobson, Kym C., Reese, Douglas C., Baldwin, Rebecca E. B. To the best of our knowledge, one or more authors of this paper were federal employees when contributing to this work. Title: Parasite communities indicate effects of cross-shelf distributions, but not mesoscale oceanographic features on northern California Current mid-trophic food web Author: Jacobson, Kym C., Reese, Douglas C., Baldwin, Rebecca E. B. To the best of our knowledge, one or more authors of this paper were federal employees when contributing to this work. Close

• 81. [Article] Nutrient Enrichment and Marine Ecosystem Disturbance: A Deterministic and Stochastic Approach

  Pollution of the marine areas that support much of the world's commercial fisheries is regarded as a pressing global environmental problem. One often-cited issue is nutrient enrichment, but this may be ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Nutrient Enrichment and Marine Ecosystem Disturbance: A Deterministic and Stochastic Approach Author: Knowler, Duncan Year: 2001 Pollution of the marine areas that support much of the world's commercial fisheries is regarded as a pressing global environmental problem. One often-cited issue is nutrient enrichment, but this may be a mixed blessing: it contributes to primary productivity and increases the sustainable fish catch, while simultaneously causing occasional and damaging ecosystem events. Thus, enrichment's aggregate impact on the economic value of fisheries may be ambiguous. This research develops a method for analyzing such problems, using the example of the Black Sea anchovy fishery. Employing a bioeconomic model that incorporates nutrients directly into fish population dynamics, the problem is formulated in deterministic and stochastic terms and the results compared. The deterministic model assumes that nutrients only contribute positively to fish production for a given ecological state, and ignores stochastic events leading to shifts between states. Accordingly, marginal abatement of nutrients leads to annual welfare losses of US$ 45,000 to 713,00 per μ (1989/90 prices), depending upon the ecosystem state. The stochastic formulation recognizes that planners may have some knowledge of potentially damaging shifts in ecological states, and wish to take this into account. When these shifts are related stochastically to the level of enrichment, nutrient abatement is shown to have an indeterminate welfare effect. However, an experimental empirical analysis indicates that a marginal change in nutrients can generate positive and sizeable aggregate benefits for the Black Sea anchovy fishery under certain conditions. The general applicability of such an approach for analyzing a range of marine environmental problems is noted Title: Nutrient Enrichment and Marine Ecosystem Disturbance: A Deterministic and Stochastic Approach Author: Knowler, Duncan Year: 2001 Pollution of the marine areas that support much of the world's commercial fisheries is regarded as a pressing global environmental problem. One often-cited issue is nutrient enrichment, but this may be a mixed blessing: it contributes to primary productivity and increases the sustainable fish catch, while simultaneously causing occasional and damaging ecosystem events. Thus, enrichment's aggregate impact on the economic value of fisheries may be ambiguous. This research develops a method for analyzing such problems, using the example of the Black Sea anchovy fishery. Employing a bioeconomic model that incorporates nutrients directly into fish population dynamics, the problem is formulated in deterministic and stochastic terms and the results compared. The deterministic model assumes that nutrients only contribute positively to fish production for a given ecological state, and ignores stochastic events leading to shifts between states. Accordingly, marginal abatement of nutrients leads to annual welfare losses of US$ 45,000 to 713,00 per μ (1989/90 prices), depending upon the ecosystem state. The stochastic formulation recognizes that planners may have some knowledge of potentially damaging shifts in ecological states, and wish to take this into account. When these shifts are related stochastically to the level of enrichment, nutrient abatement is shown to have an indeterminate welfare effect. However, an experimental empirical analysis indicates that a marginal change in nutrients can generate positive and sizeable aggregate benefits for the Black Sea anchovy fishery under certain conditions. The general applicability of such an approach for analyzing a range of marine environmental problems is noted Close

• 82. [Article] Jet stream intraseasonal oscillations drive dominant ecosystem variations in Oregon’s summertime coastal upwelling system

  This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America and can be found at: http://www.pnas.org/.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Jet stream intraseasonal oscillations drive dominant ecosystem variations in Oregon’s summertime coastal upwelling system Author: Bane, John M., Peterson, William T., Spitz, Yvette H., Letelier, Ricardo M. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America and can be found at: http://www.pnas.org/. Title: Jet stream intraseasonal oscillations drive dominant ecosystem variations in Oregon’s summertime coastal upwelling system Author: Bane, John M., Peterson, William T., Spitz, Yvette H., Letelier, Ricardo M. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America and can be found at: http://www.pnas.org/. Close

• 83. [Article] Market Based Environmental Standards for Sustainable Fisheries

  Research Paper

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Market Based Environmental Standards for Sustainable Fisheries Author: Harte, Michael, Swart, Brycen, Sylvia, Gil Research Paper Title: Market Based Environmental Standards for Sustainable Fisheries Author: Harte, Michael, Swart, Brycen, Sylvia, Gil Research Paper Close

• 84. [Article] Are Marine Reserves and Harvest Control Rules Substitutes or Complements for Rebuilding Fisheries?

  Abstract Only

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Are Marine Reserves and Harvest Control Rules Substitutes or Complements for Rebuilding Fisheries? Author: Grafton, Quentin, Yamazaki, Satoshi, Kompas, Tom, Jennings, Sarah Abstract Only Title: Are Marine Reserves and Harvest Control Rules Substitutes or Complements for Rebuilding Fisheries? Author: Grafton, Quentin, Yamazaki, Satoshi, Kompas, Tom, Jennings, Sarah Abstract Only Close

• 85. [Article] Dynamics of coastal meta-ecosystems: the intermittent upwelling hypothesis and a test in rocky intertidal regions

  This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by Ecological Society of America and can be found at: http://esa.org/.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Dynamics of coastal meta-ecosystems: the intermittent upwelling hypothesis and a test in rocky intertidal regions Author: Menge, Bruce A., Menge, Duncan N. L. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by Ecological Society of America and can be found at: http://esa.org/. Title: Dynamics of coastal meta-ecosystems: the intermittent upwelling hypothesis and a test in rocky intertidal regions Author: Menge, Bruce A., Menge, Duncan N. L. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by Ecological Society of America and can be found at: http://esa.org/. Close

• 86. [Article] Aquaculture and Food Security - Can Fish Farming Fill the Gap?

  While aquaculture has provided economic and nutritional benefits to millions, there are concerns that unconstrained sector expansion and intensification, coupled with its ecological and social impacts, ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Aquaculture and Food Security - Can Fish Farming Fill the Gap? Author: Troell, Max While aquaculture has provided economic and nutritional benefits to millions, there are concerns that unconstrained sector expansion and intensification, coupled with its ecological and social impacts, globalization of markets, and climate change, may have undesirable impacts on the resilience of social-ecological systems. A significant part of the aquaculture expansion is expected to occur in coastal areas, where it directly affects resource systems already experiencing large pressure from human activities. Thus, there is a risk that the anticipated benefits from aquaculture may come at the expense of increased pressure on coastal ecosystem services, thus jeopardizing coastal people’s food security and livelihoods. Further, intensification may also indirectly increase the dependence on marine ecosystems through usage of fish resources as feeds. The practice of intensive farming of fish and crustaceans is characterised by inputs of high quality resources and energy and release of effluents. The industry continues to improve performance through research on food development and system designs, and recent initiative, the “Aquaculture dialogue”, attempts to identify sustainability criteria for a selection of cultured species. In addition FAO have recently moved beyond their earlier established “code of conducts” and are now developing a broader systematic perspective on aquaculture, i.e. “Ecosystem approach to aquaculture”. This presentation will discuss how aquaculture may impact on social-ecological resilience, more broadly and also in connection to coastal aquaculture development, and specifically considers the intensification of production methods. In connection to this some recent sustainability tools/indicators will briefly be discussed out from this perspective. Title: Aquaculture and Food Security - Can Fish Farming Fill the Gap? Author: Troell, Max While aquaculture has provided economic and nutritional benefits to millions, there are concerns that unconstrained sector expansion and intensification, coupled with its ecological and social impacts, globalization of markets, and climate change, may have undesirable impacts on the resilience of social-ecological systems. A significant part of the aquaculture expansion is expected to occur in coastal areas, where it directly affects resource systems already experiencing large pressure from human activities. Thus, there is a risk that the anticipated benefits from aquaculture may come at the expense of increased pressure on coastal ecosystem services, thus jeopardizing coastal people’s food security and livelihoods. Further, intensification may also indirectly increase the dependence on marine ecosystems through usage of fish resources as feeds. The practice of intensive farming of fish and crustaceans is characterised by inputs of high quality resources and energy and release of effluents. The industry continues to improve performance through research on food development and system designs, and recent initiative, the “Aquaculture dialogue”, attempts to identify sustainability criteria for a selection of cultured species. In addition FAO have recently moved beyond their earlier established “code of conducts” and are now developing a broader systematic perspective on aquaculture, i.e. “Ecosystem approach to aquaculture”. This presentation will discuss how aquaculture may impact on social-ecological resilience, more broadly and also in connection to coastal aquaculture development, and specifically considers the intensification of production methods. In connection to this some recent sustainability tools/indicators will briefly be discussed out from this perspective. Close

• 87. [Article] An Elemental Basis of Property Rights to Marine Fishery Resources

  Among the questions that ecosystem-based management raises for economists is how to partition uses of the many biological, chemical and physical attributes of marine ecosystems into sets of property rights ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: An Elemental Basis of Property Rights to Marine Fishery Resources Author: Edwards, Steven F. Year: 2001 Among the questions that ecosystem-based management raises for economists is how to partition uses of the many biological, chemical and physical attributes of marine ecosystems into sets of property rights that undergird total ocean wealth. An elemental basis of property rights for fisheries involves the interplay between ecological and technological interactions, including sideeffects (externalities), and transaction costs. Fisheries management typically divides ownership by species. Divided ownership is efficient where production requires specialized skills and technologies and/or where interactions are negligible. When damages caused by side-effects are substantial, divided ownership might be used either by attenuating (e.g., gear restrictions) or excluding (e.g., zoning) a subset of attribute rights, provided that the opportunity (reduced output) and transaction costs of restrictions/exclusions are less than damages in their absence. However, uncertainty about resource dynamics, the recurrent nature of interactions, the complexity of numerous contractual stipulations owing to multi-attribute resources, and practical enforcement problems make it likely that the transaction costs of divided ownership are great at this time. Alternatively, property rights could be bundled into sets wherein tradeoffs across margins which promote the total wealth of a multi-attribute, common pool asset would be decided internally by a governance organization. Bundled sets of property rights influence the choice of organizational structures (government agency, commons, unitization of firms) and contracts (fishery management plans, rules, private contracts). The discussion is illustrated with examples from U.S. fisheries in the Northeast Region. Title: An Elemental Basis of Property Rights to Marine Fishery Resources Author: Edwards, Steven F. Year: 2001 Among the questions that ecosystem-based management raises for economists is how to partition uses of the many biological, chemical and physical attributes of marine ecosystems into sets of property rights that undergird total ocean wealth. An elemental basis of property rights for fisheries involves the interplay between ecological and technological interactions, including sideeffects (externalities), and transaction costs. Fisheries management typically divides ownership by species. Divided ownership is efficient where production requires specialized skills and technologies and/or where interactions are negligible. When damages caused by side-effects are substantial, divided ownership might be used either by attenuating (e.g., gear restrictions) or excluding (e.g., zoning) a subset of attribute rights, provided that the opportunity (reduced output) and transaction costs of restrictions/exclusions are less than damages in their absence. However, uncertainty about resource dynamics, the recurrent nature of interactions, the complexity of numerous contractual stipulations owing to multi-attribute resources, and practical enforcement problems make it likely that the transaction costs of divided ownership are great at this time. Alternatively, property rights could be bundled into sets wherein tradeoffs across margins which promote the total wealth of a multi-attribute, common pool asset would be decided internally by a governance organization. Bundled sets of property rights influence the choice of organizational structures (government agency, commons, unitization of firms) and contracts (fishery management plans, rules, private contracts). The discussion is illustrated with examples from U.S. fisheries in the Northeast Region. Close

• 88. [Article] The tropicalization of temperate marine ecosystems: climate-mediated changes in herbivory and community phase shifts

  This is an author's peer-reviewed final manuscript as accepted by the publisher. The published article is copyrighted by the Author(s) and published by The Royal Society. It can be found at: http://rs...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The tropicalization of temperate marine ecosystems: climate-mediated changes in herbivory and community phase shifts Author: Tomas, Fiona, Vergés, Adriana, Ballesteros, Enric, et al., Poore, Alistair G., Steinberg, Peter D., Campbell, Alexandra H., Hay, Mark E. This is an author's peer-reviewed final manuscript as accepted by the publisher. The published article is copyrighted by the Author(s) and published by The Royal Society. It can be found at: http://rspb.royalsocietypublishing.org/ Title: The tropicalization of temperate marine ecosystems: climate-mediated changes in herbivory and community phase shifts Author: Tomas, Fiona, Vergés, Adriana, Ballesteros, Enric, et al., Poore, Alistair G., Steinberg, Peter D., Campbell, Alexandra H., Hay, Mark E. This is an author's peer-reviewed final manuscript as accepted by the publisher. The published article is copyrighted by the Author(s) and published by The Royal Society. It can be found at: http://rspb.royalsocietypublishing.org/ Close

• 89. [Article] Supporting the Oregon TSP Revision: Oregon Fishing Community Mapping Project

  The state of Oregon is developing a comprehensive plan to guide the potential siting of renewable ocean energy projects in Oregon’s Territorial Sea. To this end, the state is revising its Territorial Sea Plan ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Supporting the Oregon TSP Revision: Oregon Fishing Community Mapping Project Author: Steinback, Charles, Chen, Cheryl, Lyman, Nick, Bonkoski, Jon, Hesselgrave, Taylor, Scholz, Astrid, Weiss, Leanne, Kruse, Sarah, Backus, Ed, Ecotrust The state of Oregon is developing a comprehensive plan to guide the potential siting of renewable ocean energy projects in Oregon’s Territorial Sea. To this end, the state is revising its Territorial Sea Plan (TSP), and has begun collecting information on the spatial extent of human uses that provide economic and socio-cultural benefits. One data gap identified was the distribution and spatial extent of commercial, charter, and recreational fisheries. Ecotrust and others engaged in collecting relevant information on these use activities. In the near term, the resulting data set forms the basis for siting decisions for energy projects that minimize impacts to the marine ecosystem and existing human uses. Longer term, these data are also useful for other marine spatial planning processes and form a baseline for subsequent monitoring and evaluation research of management measures. Our research team developed and deployed an interactive, custom computer interview instrument, Open OceanMap, to collect geo-referenced information from commercial, charter, and recreational fishermen about the extent and relative importance of Oregon marine waters. Data collection occurred in two stages: March-May 2009 and December 2009–September 2010. We compiled these data in a geographic information system (GIS) that we delivered to the Oregon Department of Land Conservation and Development (DLCD). This report, which details the approach and methods we used to collect, compile, and analyze the data collected, completes our deliverables. Conducting research in coastal communities is as challenging as it is rewarding. We have learned a tremendous amount from the commercial, charter, and recreational fishermen who participated in this study as well as the countless other community members and observers of this project. Title: Supporting the Oregon TSP Revision: Oregon Fishing Community Mapping Project Author: Steinback, Charles, Chen, Cheryl, Lyman, Nick, Bonkoski, Jon, Hesselgrave, Taylor, Scholz, Astrid, Weiss, Leanne, Kruse, Sarah, Backus, Ed, Ecotrust The state of Oregon is developing a comprehensive plan to guide the potential siting of renewable ocean energy projects in Oregon’s Territorial Sea. To this end, the state is revising its Territorial Sea Plan (TSP), and has begun collecting information on the spatial extent of human uses that provide economic and socio-cultural benefits. One data gap identified was the distribution and spatial extent of commercial, charter, and recreational fisheries. Ecotrust and others engaged in collecting relevant information on these use activities. In the near term, the resulting data set forms the basis for siting decisions for energy projects that minimize impacts to the marine ecosystem and existing human uses. Longer term, these data are also useful for other marine spatial planning processes and form a baseline for subsequent monitoring and evaluation research of management measures. Our research team developed and deployed an interactive, custom computer interview instrument, Open OceanMap, to collect geo-referenced information from commercial, charter, and recreational fishermen about the extent and relative importance of Oregon marine waters. Data collection occurred in two stages: March-May 2009 and December 2009–September 2010. We compiled these data in a geographic information system (GIS) that we delivered to the Oregon Department of Land Conservation and Development (DLCD). This report, which details the approach and methods we used to collect, compile, and analyze the data collected, completes our deliverables. Conducting research in coastal communities is as challenging as it is rewarding. We have learned a tremendous amount from the commercial, charter, and recreational fishermen who participated in this study as well as the countless other community members and observers of this project. Close

• 90. [Article] Stakeholder evaluation of market based approaches towards managing the adverse impacts of commercial fishing on the marine environment

  Over fishing, by-catch of non-target fish species, marine mammals, seabirds, and damage to benthic habitats remain serious problems in fisheries management. Management methods based on traditional command ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Stakeholder evaluation of market based approaches towards managing the adverse impacts of commercial fishing on the marine environment Author: Swart, Brycen Over fishing, by-catch of non-target fish species, marine mammals, seabirds, and damage to benthic habitats remain serious problems in fisheries management. Management methods based on traditional command and control (CAC) approaches may meet with initial successes yet additional progress is often marginal, requiring managers to implement additional regulations to achieve improvements in environmental performance. Market-based instruments (MBI), particularly in the context of rights-based systems, are relatively new and potentially powerful instruments for addressing environmental externalities in the marine environment, yet few policymakers have embraced or actively experimented with them. A comprehensive literature review, a general survey on perceptions and attitudes, and workshops using policy relevant decision support frameworks were used to understand, educate and assist west coast fishery management participants in evaluating the strengths, weaknesses, and trade offs associated with the potential use of MBI compared to traditional CAC regulations in managing the adverse impacts of fishing on marine ecosystems. Survey results suggest that although there were some differences among the various stakeholder groups, fishery management participants are familiar, receptive and perceive MBI as an effective, potential way to manage the adverse environmental impacts of fishing on the west coast. Workshop results indicate that there was little difference among the diverse stakeholder groups in evaluating the different policy approaches towards managing the adverse environmental impacts of fishing on the west coast. An individual transferable bycatch quota of non-commercial fish species is a market-based policy option that had high criteria satisfaction, while managing the essential fish habitat through market based instruments was ranked low and had high uncertainties. The combination of a structured and participatory decision support system and a comparison of the potentials of MBI relative to traditional CAC regulations should assist policy makers and stakeholders in seeking more creative and effective approaches in managing the environmental impacts of fishing activities. Title: Stakeholder evaluation of market based approaches towards managing the adverse impacts of commercial fishing on the marine environment Author: Swart, Brycen Over fishing, by-catch of non-target fish species, marine mammals, seabirds, and damage to benthic habitats remain serious problems in fisheries management. Management methods based on traditional command and control (CAC) approaches may meet with initial successes yet additional progress is often marginal, requiring managers to implement additional regulations to achieve improvements in environmental performance. Market-based instruments (MBI), particularly in the context of rights-based systems, are relatively new and potentially powerful instruments for addressing environmental externalities in the marine environment, yet few policymakers have embraced or actively experimented with them. A comprehensive literature review, a general survey on perceptions and attitudes, and workshops using policy relevant decision support frameworks were used to understand, educate and assist west coast fishery management participants in evaluating the strengths, weaknesses, and trade offs associated with the potential use of MBI compared to traditional CAC regulations in managing the adverse impacts of fishing on marine ecosystems. Survey results suggest that although there were some differences among the various stakeholder groups, fishery management participants are familiar, receptive and perceive MBI as an effective, potential way to manage the adverse environmental impacts of fishing on the west coast. Workshop results indicate that there was little difference among the diverse stakeholder groups in evaluating the different policy approaches towards managing the adverse environmental impacts of fishing on the west coast. An individual transferable bycatch quota of non-commercial fish species is a market-based policy option that had high criteria satisfaction, while managing the essential fish habitat through market based instruments was ranked low and had high uncertainties. The combination of a structured and participatory decision support system and a comparison of the potentials of MBI relative to traditional CAC regulations should assist policy makers and stakeholders in seeking more creative and effective approaches in managing the environmental impacts of fishing activities. Close

• 91. [Article] Season and prey type influence size dependency of predator−prey body mass ratios in a marine fish assemblage

  This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by Inter-Research and can be found at: http://www.int-res.com/journals/meps/meps-home/. To the best of our knowledge, one or more ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Season and prey type influence size dependency of predator−prey body mass ratios in a marine fish assemblage Author: Hunsicker, Mary E., Reum, Jonathan C. P. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by Inter-Research and can be found at: http://www.int-res.com/journals/meps/meps-home/. To the best of our knowledge, one or more authors of this paper were federal employees when contributing to this work. Title: Season and prey type influence size dependency of predator−prey body mass ratios in a marine fish assemblage Author: Hunsicker, Mary E., Reum, Jonathan C. P. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by Inter-Research and can be found at: http://www.int-res.com/journals/meps/meps-home/. To the best of our knowledge, one or more authors of this paper were federal employees when contributing to this work. Close

• 92. [Article] Assessment of the potential for conflict between existing ocean space use and renewable energy development off the coast of Oregon

  Oregon's ocean waters are a potential source of wind, wave, and tidal energy; of interest to renewable energy entrepreneurs and to the U.S. government as it seeks to bolster energy security. In order to ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Assessment of the potential for conflict between existing ocean space use and renewable energy development off the coast of Oregon Author: Sullivan, Colleen M. (Colleen Marie) Oregon's ocean waters are a potential source of wind, wave, and tidal energy; of interest to renewable energy entrepreneurs and to the U.S. government as it seeks to bolster energy security. In order to install technology to capture this energy, however, it may be necessary to mitigate conflict with existing ocean space users. The objective of this research was to construct a conflict analysis model in a GIS to answer the following research questions: (1) Within the study area off the coast of Oregon, where are stakeholders currently using ocean space and how many uses overlap? (2) To what extent might existing ocean space use present potential for conflict with renewable energy development? (3) How do various types of uncertainty affect analysis results? (4) What are the implications of these findings for ecosystem based management of the ocean? All available spatial information on ocean space usage by commercial fishing, commercial non-fishing, recreational, Native American, and scientific communities was gathered. Stakeholder outreach with these communities was used to vet the collected data and allow each to contribute knowledge not previously available through GIS data clearinghouses maintained by government or interest groups. The resulting data were used as inputs to a conflict visualization model written in Python and imported to an ArcGIS tool. Results showed extensive coverage and overlap of existing ocean space uses; specifically that 99.7% of the 1-nm² grid cells of the study area are occupied by at least 6 different categories of ocean space use. The six uses with the greatest coverage were: Fishing – Trolling, Habitat, Military, Fishing - Closure Areas, Protected, and Marine Transportation - Low Intensity. An uncertainty analysis was also completed to illustrate the margin for error and therefore the necessity of appropriate stakeholder outreach during the renewable energy siting process, as opposed to relying only on a GIS. Ranking of each category by its potential for conflict with renewable energy development demonstrated which areas of the ocean may be particularly contentious. Because rankings are subjective, a tool was created to allow users to input their own rankings. For the purpose of this report, default rankings were assigned to each as justified by the literature. Results under these assumptions showed that space use and potential for conflict were highest between the coast and approximately 30 nm at sea. This is likely because certain space use is limited by depth (e.g., recreational use); there is increased shipping density as vessels approach and depart major ports; and increased fuel costs associated with traveling further from shore. Two potential applications of model results were demonstrated. First, comparison with existing wave energy permit sites highlighted relative potential for conflict among the sites and the input data detailed the specific uses present. Second, comparison with areas determined most suitable for development by the wave energy industry illustrated that areas of high suitability often also had high rankings for potential for conflict. It appeared that the factors that determined development suitability were often the same factors that drew current ocean space users to those locations. Current support at the state, regional and federal level under the National Ocean Policy for the use of marine spatial planning as a tool to implement ecosystem based management of the oceans requires that tools such as the one developed in this research are used, to ensure that all components of the marine ecosystem are considered prior to implementation of a management plan. The addition of renewable energy to the current social landscape of the ocean will reduce the resource base for many categories of ocean space use. Model results demonstrated that mitigation of conflict between development and existing space use is not merely a best practice supported by current policy, but a necessity. Results presented a visualization of the social landscape of the ocean that could help managers determine which stakeholders to engage during the initial stage of choosing a site for development. Title: Assessment of the potential for conflict between existing ocean space use and renewable energy development off the coast of Oregon Author: Sullivan, Colleen M. (Colleen Marie) Oregon's ocean waters are a potential source of wind, wave, and tidal energy; of interest to renewable energy entrepreneurs and to the U.S. government as it seeks to bolster energy security. In order to install technology to capture this energy, however, it may be necessary to mitigate conflict with existing ocean space users. The objective of this research was to construct a conflict analysis model in a GIS to answer the following research questions: (1) Within the study area off the coast of Oregon, where are stakeholders currently using ocean space and how many uses overlap? (2) To what extent might existing ocean space use present potential for conflict with renewable energy development? (3) How do various types of uncertainty affect analysis results? (4) What are the implications of these findings for ecosystem based management of the ocean? All available spatial information on ocean space usage by commercial fishing, commercial non-fishing, recreational, Native American, and scientific communities was gathered. Stakeholder outreach with these communities was used to vet the collected data and allow each to contribute knowledge not previously available through GIS data clearinghouses maintained by government or interest groups. The resulting data were used as inputs to a conflict visualization model written in Python and imported to an ArcGIS tool. Results showed extensive coverage and overlap of existing ocean space uses; specifically that 99.7% of the 1-nm² grid cells of the study area are occupied by at least 6 different categories of ocean space use. The six uses with the greatest coverage were: Fishing – Trolling, Habitat, Military, Fishing - Closure Areas, Protected, and Marine Transportation - Low Intensity. An uncertainty analysis was also completed to illustrate the margin for error and therefore the necessity of appropriate stakeholder outreach during the renewable energy siting process, as opposed to relying only on a GIS. Ranking of each category by its potential for conflict with renewable energy development demonstrated which areas of the ocean may be particularly contentious. Because rankings are subjective, a tool was created to allow users to input their own rankings. For the purpose of this report, default rankings were assigned to each as justified by the literature. Results under these assumptions showed that space use and potential for conflict were highest between the coast and approximately 30 nm at sea. This is likely because certain space use is limited by depth (e.g., recreational use); there is increased shipping density as vessels approach and depart major ports; and increased fuel costs associated with traveling further from shore. Two potential applications of model results were demonstrated. First, comparison with existing wave energy permit sites highlighted relative potential for conflict among the sites and the input data detailed the specific uses present. Second, comparison with areas determined most suitable for development by the wave energy industry illustrated that areas of high suitability often also had high rankings for potential for conflict. It appeared that the factors that determined development suitability were often the same factors that drew current ocean space users to those locations. Current support at the state, regional and federal level under the National Ocean Policy for the use of marine spatial planning as a tool to implement ecosystem based management of the oceans requires that tools such as the one developed in this research are used, to ensure that all components of the marine ecosystem are considered prior to implementation of a management plan. The addition of renewable energy to the current social landscape of the ocean will reduce the resource base for many categories of ocean space use. Model results demonstrated that mitigation of conflict between development and existing space use is not merely a best practice supported by current policy, but a necessity. Results presented a visualization of the social landscape of the ocean that could help managers determine which stakeholders to engage during the initial stage of choosing a site for development. Close

• 93. [Article] Characterizing Growth Promoters and Inhibitors of SAR11 Pelagibacter sp. HTCC7211

  SAR11 is a clade of marine bacteria that are the most abundant heterotrophs in ocean surface water. They play a significant role in marine carbon cycling. Although many culturing experiments have been ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Characterizing Growth Promoters and Inhibitors of SAR11 Pelagibacter sp. HTCC7211 Author: Lee, Connie SAR11 is a clade of marine bacteria that are the most abundant heterotrophs in ocean surface water. They play a significant role in marine carbon cycling. Although many culturing experiments have been done on SAR11, there was no research that focused on verifying the observations about inhibition of SAR11 growth by organic compounds. I compiled a growth nutrient profile for future reference. The experiment reported here used a prototype strain of SAR11, Pelagibacter sp. HTCC7211 (HTCC7211), to verify the effect of the 12 selected compounds at varying concentrations on the growth of HTCC7211. HTCC7211 was grown on a defined artificial seawater (ASW) containing inorganic and organic nutrients, vitamins, methionine, glycine, and pyruvate. In addition to the ASW medium, each selected compound was added to the ASW at varying concentrations. I compared the specific growth rates of each treatment and reported here the effects of each treatment on the growth of HTCC7211. The specific growth rates of HTCC7211 under organic acid and osmolyte treatments are highest at medium concentrations. The patterns of HTCC7211 growth rates under amino acid treatments are complicated. The limitations of this experiment include no duplicates or triplicates for control group and treatment groups, slow doubling time of HTCC7211, and low pH value of the cultures. The findings of this experiment require further investigations; however, the results still serve as a foundation or reference for future culturing experiments and the emerging metabolomic research that will help understand SAR11’s role in nutrient cycling in marine ecosystems. Title: Characterizing Growth Promoters and Inhibitors of SAR11 Pelagibacter sp. HTCC7211 Author: Lee, Connie SAR11 is a clade of marine bacteria that are the most abundant heterotrophs in ocean surface water. They play a significant role in marine carbon cycling. Although many culturing experiments have been done on SAR11, there was no research that focused on verifying the observations about inhibition of SAR11 growth by organic compounds. I compiled a growth nutrient profile for future reference. The experiment reported here used a prototype strain of SAR11, Pelagibacter sp. HTCC7211 (HTCC7211), to verify the effect of the 12 selected compounds at varying concentrations on the growth of HTCC7211. HTCC7211 was grown on a defined artificial seawater (ASW) containing inorganic and organic nutrients, vitamins, methionine, glycine, and pyruvate. In addition to the ASW medium, each selected compound was added to the ASW at varying concentrations. I compared the specific growth rates of each treatment and reported here the effects of each treatment on the growth of HTCC7211. The specific growth rates of HTCC7211 under organic acid and osmolyte treatments are highest at medium concentrations. The patterns of HTCC7211 growth rates under amino acid treatments are complicated. The limitations of this experiment include no duplicates or triplicates for control group and treatment groups, slow doubling time of HTCC7211, and low pH value of the cultures. The findings of this experiment require further investigations; however, the results still serve as a foundation or reference for future culturing experiments and the emerging metabolomic research that will help understand SAR11’s role in nutrient cycling in marine ecosystems. Close

• 94. [Article] Deciphering ocean carbon in a changing world

  Freely available online through the PNAS open access option.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Deciphering ocean carbon in a changing world Author: Longnecker, Krista, Obernosterer, Ingrid, Dorrestein, Pieter C., Repeta, Daniel J., Fatland, Rob, Howe, Bill, Stubbins, Aron, Medeiros, Patricia M., Kujawinski, Elizabeth B., Aluwihare, Lihini I., Niggemann, Jutta, Waldbauer, Jacob R., Hess, Nancy J., Crump, Byron C., Moran, Mary Ann, Buchan, Alison, Dyhrman, Sonya T. Freely available online through the PNAS open access option. Title: Deciphering ocean carbon in a changing world Author: Longnecker, Krista, Obernosterer, Ingrid, Dorrestein, Pieter C., Repeta, Daniel J., Fatland, Rob, Howe, Bill, Stubbins, Aron, Medeiros, Patricia M., Kujawinski, Elizabeth B., Aluwihare, Lihini I., Niggemann, Jutta, Waldbauer, Jacob R., Hess, Nancy J., Crump, Byron C., Moran, Mary Ann, Buchan, Alison, Dyhrman, Sonya T. Freely available online through the PNAS open access option. Close

• 95. [Article] Ecoregional Analysis of Nearshore Sea-Surface Temperature in the North Pacific

  The quantification and description of sea surface temperature (SST) is critically important because it can influence the distribution, migration, and invasion of marine species; furthermore, SSTs are expected ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Ecoregional Analysis of Nearshore Sea-Surface Temperature in the North Pacific Author: Lee, Henry, II, Reusser, Deborah A., Payne, Meredith C., Brown, Cheryl A. The quantification and description of sea surface temperature (SST) is critically important because it can influence the distribution, migration, and invasion of marine species; furthermore, SSTs are expected to be affected by climate change. To better understand present temperature regimes, we assembled a 29-year nearshore time series of mean monthly SSTs along the North Pacific coastline using remotely-sensed satellite data collected with the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) instrument. We then used the dataset to describe nearshore (<20 km offshore) SST patterns of 16 North Pacific ecoregions delineated by the Marine Ecoregions of the World (MEOW) hierarchical schema. Annual mean temperature varied from 3.8°C along the Kamchatka ecoregion to 24.8°C in the Cortezian ecoregion. There are smaller annual ranges and less variability in SST in the Northeast Pacific relative to the Northwest Pacific. Within the 16 ecoregions, 31-94% of the variance in SST is explained by the annual cycle, with the annual cycle explaining the least variation in the Northern California ecoregion and the most variation in the Yellow Sea ecoregion. Clustering on mean monthly SSTs of each ecoregion showed a clear break between the ecoregions within the Warm and Cold Temperate provinces of the MEOW schema, though several of the ecoregions contained within the provinces did not show a significant difference in mean seasonal temperature patterns. Comparison of these temperature patterns shared some similarities and differences with previous biogeographic classifications and the Large Marine Ecosystems (LMEs). Finally, we provide a web link to the processed data for use by other researchers. Title: Ecoregional Analysis of Nearshore Sea-Surface Temperature in the North Pacific Author: Lee, Henry, II, Reusser, Deborah A., Payne, Meredith C., Brown, Cheryl A. The quantification and description of sea surface temperature (SST) is critically important because it can influence the distribution, migration, and invasion of marine species; furthermore, SSTs are expected to be affected by climate change. To better understand present temperature regimes, we assembled a 29-year nearshore time series of mean monthly SSTs along the North Pacific coastline using remotely-sensed satellite data collected with the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) instrument. We then used the dataset to describe nearshore (<20 km offshore) SST patterns of 16 North Pacific ecoregions delineated by the Marine Ecoregions of the World (MEOW) hierarchical schema. Annual mean temperature varied from 3.8°C along the Kamchatka ecoregion to 24.8°C in the Cortezian ecoregion. There are smaller annual ranges and less variability in SST in the Northeast Pacific relative to the Northwest Pacific. Within the 16 ecoregions, 31-94% of the variance in SST is explained by the annual cycle, with the annual cycle explaining the least variation in the Northern California ecoregion and the most variation in the Yellow Sea ecoregion. Clustering on mean monthly SSTs of each ecoregion showed a clear break between the ecoregions within the Warm and Cold Temperate provinces of the MEOW schema, though several of the ecoregions contained within the provinces did not show a significant difference in mean seasonal temperature patterns. Comparison of these temperature patterns shared some similarities and differences with previous biogeographic classifications and the Large Marine Ecosystems (LMEs). Finally, we provide a web link to the processed data for use by other researchers. Close

• 96. [Article] Game Theory and Fisheries: The Case Study of The Illex Argentinus Fishery in South America

  Abstract only.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Game Theory and Fisheries: The Case Study of The Illex Argentinus Fishery in South America Author: Sumaila, Rashid, Villasante, Sebastian Abstract only. Title: Game Theory and Fisheries: The Case Study of The Illex Argentinus Fishery in South America Author: Sumaila, Rashid, Villasante, Sebastian Abstract only. Close

• 97. [Article] The Use of Rights Based Aproaches in Fisheries Management

  Abstract only.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The Use of Rights Based Aproaches in Fisheries Management Author: Grieve, Chris, Schacht, Karoline Abstract only. Title: The Use of Rights Based Aproaches in Fisheries Management Author: Grieve, Chris, Schacht, Karoline Abstract only. Close

• 98. [Article] Short-term variability in euphotic zone biogeochemistry and primary productivity at Station ALOHA: A case study of summer 2012

  This is the publisher’s final pdf. The article is copyrighted by American Geophysical Union and published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. It can be found at: http://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/agu/journ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Short-term variability in euphotic zone biogeochemistry and primary productivity at Station ALOHA: A case study of summer 2012 Author: Ascani, Francois, Juranek, Laurie W., Letelier, Ricardo M., White, Angelicque E., et al., Barone, Benedetto, Wilson, Samuel T. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The article is copyrighted by American Geophysical Union and published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. It can be found at: http://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/agu/journal/10.1002/%28ISSN%291944-9224/ Title: Short-term variability in euphotic zone biogeochemistry and primary productivity at Station ALOHA: A case study of summer 2012 Author: Ascani, Francois, Juranek, Laurie W., Letelier, Ricardo M., White, Angelicque E., et al., Barone, Benedetto, Wilson, Samuel T. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The article is copyrighted by American Geophysical Union and published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. It can be found at: http://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/agu/journal/10.1002/%28ISSN%291944-9224/ Close

• 99. [Article] Evaluation of the Potential of Integrated Multi-trophic Aquaculture (IMTA) using Oyster (Crassostrea sp.) and Seaweed (Gracilaria sp.) for Shrimp (Penaeus monodon) Farms to Reduce Negative Impacts on Environment and to Improve Coastal Economy in Nusa Tenggara Barat, Indonesia

  In Nusa Tenggara Barat (NTB), Indonesia, shrimp is one of the most produced seafood. It contributes to 8.74% of total Indonesian shrimp production value. In order to improve aquaculture practices including ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Evaluation of the Potential of Integrated Multi-trophic Aquaculture (IMTA) using Oyster (Crassostrea sp.) and Seaweed (Gracilaria sp.) for Shrimp (Penaeus monodon) Farms to Reduce Negative Impacts on Environment and to Improve Coastal Economy in Nusa Tenggara Barat, Indonesia Author: Astriana, Baiq Hilda In Nusa Tenggara Barat (NTB), Indonesia, shrimp is one of the most produced seafood. It contributes to 8.74% of total Indonesian shrimp production value. In order to improve aquaculture practices including shrimp farms, Ministry of Marine and Fisheries Affair of Republic of Indonesia recently issued General Guideline for “Minapolitan” (fisheries city) Development, a concept of economic development of maritime affairs and fisheries region in which intensification of shrimp farms is one of the directions. However, it has been known that effluent from shrimp farms (particularly the intensive one) consists of accumulated nutrients (such as nitrogen) discharged to the sea and can degrade sea water quality. Integrated Multi-trophic Aquaculture (IMTA) is known as a strategy used for reducing waste from shrimp farms using biofilters. This project determines the possibility of using IMTA to improve shrimp farms in NTB, helps to document negative impacts of intensive shrimp farms, produces a recommendation for the government, and increases understanding of nitrogen dynamics in IMTA system using a mechanistic model. Data and conceptual models for modeling purpose were adopted and combined from relevant studies. Recommendations and illustrations about nitrogen dynamics provided in this paper are expected to motivate the NTB government to monitor “minapolitan” development, particularly shrimp farm practices, and to promote IMTA implementation so that the sustainability of marine ecosystem services could be pursued in the short-term and in the long-term. Title: Evaluation of the Potential of Integrated Multi-trophic Aquaculture (IMTA) using Oyster (Crassostrea sp.) and Seaweed (Gracilaria sp.) for Shrimp (Penaeus monodon) Farms to Reduce Negative Impacts on Environment and to Improve Coastal Economy in Nusa Tenggara Barat, Indonesia Author: Astriana, Baiq Hilda In Nusa Tenggara Barat (NTB), Indonesia, shrimp is one of the most produced seafood. It contributes to 8.74% of total Indonesian shrimp production value. In order to improve aquaculture practices including shrimp farms, Ministry of Marine and Fisheries Affair of Republic of Indonesia recently issued General Guideline for “Minapolitan” (fisheries city) Development, a concept of economic development of maritime affairs and fisheries region in which intensification of shrimp farms is one of the directions. However, it has been known that effluent from shrimp farms (particularly the intensive one) consists of accumulated nutrients (such as nitrogen) discharged to the sea and can degrade sea water quality. Integrated Multi-trophic Aquaculture (IMTA) is known as a strategy used for reducing waste from shrimp farms using biofilters. This project determines the possibility of using IMTA to improve shrimp farms in NTB, helps to document negative impacts of intensive shrimp farms, produces a recommendation for the government, and increases understanding of nitrogen dynamics in IMTA system using a mechanistic model. Data and conceptual models for modeling purpose were adopted and combined from relevant studies. Recommendations and illustrations about nitrogen dynamics provided in this paper are expected to motivate the NTB government to monitor “minapolitan” development, particularly shrimp farm practices, and to promote IMTA implementation so that the sustainability of marine ecosystem services could be pursued in the short-term and in the long-term. Close

• 100. [Article] Optimal Bioeconomic Multispecies Fisheries Management: A Baltic Sea Case Study

  This extended abstract is based on a full article that has been published originally in Marine Resource Economics, volume 27, pp. 115-136, and published here with a kind permission of the journal. Link ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Optimal Bioeconomic Multispecies Fisheries Management: A Baltic Sea Case Study Author: Lindroos, Marko, Nieminen, Emmi, Heikinheimo, Outi This extended abstract is based on a full article that has been published originally in Marine Resource Economics, volume 27, pp. 115-136, and published here with a kind permission of the journal. Link to the full article: http://marineresourceeconomics.com/doi/abs/10.5950/0738-1360-27.2.115. This study is part of the Nordic Centre of Excellence project "Nordic Centre for Research on Marine Ecosystems and Resources under Climate Change" (NorMER) supported financially by the Nordforsk Top-Level Research Initiative (TFI), NordForsk Project number 36800. Title: Optimal Bioeconomic Multispecies Fisheries Management: A Baltic Sea Case Study Author: Lindroos, Marko, Nieminen, Emmi, Heikinheimo, Outi This extended abstract is based on a full article that has been published originally in Marine Resource Economics, volume 27, pp. 115-136, and published here with a kind permission of the journal. Link to the full article: http://marineresourceeconomics.com/doi/abs/10.5950/0738-1360-27.2.115. This study is part of the Nordic Centre of Excellence project "Nordic Centre for Research on Marine Ecosystems and Resources under Climate Change" (NorMER) supported financially by the Nordforsk Top-Level Research Initiative (TFI), NordForsk Project number 36800. Close