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• 1. [Article] Community college leaders : building community connections

  The study established how community college leaders establish connections with other community leaders. Connections that form broad and inclusive networks can be used to develop positive social capital ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Community college leaders : building community connections Author: York, Penny The study established how community college leaders establish connections with other community leaders. Connections that form broad and inclusive networks can be used to develop positive social capital in communities. Results showed that new community college leaders follow a pattern of community engagement including the identification of other leaders, making contacts, and extending relationships through community and personal activities. No particular set of personality characteristics is required for the development of community connections. Methods of developing community connections vary depending upon leader, college, and community characteristics. The development of connections is expedited by frequent attendance at events, membership in organizations, and the assistance of college staff. The development of community connections is based on sets of skills that can be learned. Skills learned in the development of community connections can be adapted and transferred from one setting to another. Community college leaders tend to define the results of their community connections by college outcomes rather than by community impact. Community college leaders tend not to have broad and inclusive networks that include informal and social service community leaders. New community college leaders and their staffs can use the results of this study to better prepare for the establishment and maintenance of leadership networks that build community. Title: Community college leaders : building community connections Author: York, Penny The study established how community college leaders establish connections with other community leaders. Connections that form broad and inclusive networks can be used to develop positive social capital in communities. Results showed that new community college leaders follow a pattern of community engagement including the identification of other leaders, making contacts, and extending relationships through community and personal activities. No particular set of personality characteristics is required for the development of community connections. Methods of developing community connections vary depending upon leader, college, and community characteristics. The development of connections is expedited by frequent attendance at events, membership in organizations, and the assistance of college staff. The development of community connections is based on sets of skills that can be learned. Skills learned in the development of community connections can be adapted and transferred from one setting to another. Community college leaders tend to define the results of their community connections by college outcomes rather than by community impact. Community college leaders tend not to have broad and inclusive networks that include informal and social service community leaders. New community college leaders and their staffs can use the results of this study to better prepare for the establishment and maintenance of leadership networks that build community. Close

• 2. [Article] Community leaders' perspectives of a rural community college's impact on community development

  The purpose of this qualitative research study was to examine the role a rural community college plays in the development of its community, using a holistic, community-based lens that considered college ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Community leaders' perspectives of a rural community college's impact on community development Author: Thomas, Reine M. The purpose of this qualitative research study was to examine the role a rural community college plays in the development of its community, using a holistic, community-based lens that considered college and community context, interactions and results to answer the question: How does the rural community college impact the development of the rural community? While the community college's connection to the local community is largely inherent, a full understanding of community college-community interaction and the impact of those interactions on the community as a whole is often difficult to articulate. Given the context of today's education accountability requirements, it is advantageous to develop a more comprehensive understanding of the community college with regard to community impact and public benefit -- for community college practitioners, the public, and state and local policy-makers. A social constructivist research perspective, a case study research strategy, and a single case design were employed in this study. The case for this study was a rural Northwest community and the community college within it. The community college was classified as a small, rural-serving college by the Carnegie Classification of Colleges and Universities. A logic model design guided the study. Study participants included: elected officials; business and industry executives; and health, education and human services leaders. A combination of document review, participant observation, and interviews was used to answer the research questions: (a) What is the context of this community and this community college? (b) In what ways do the college and the community interact and engage? (c) What are the results of the college-community engagement? Examination of the data revealed several major themes and five significant findings: 1. The community defines itself through a regional, rural lens and is characterized by an interconnectedness of its people to the land and to the history of the region. 2. The college and the community invest in reciprocal relationships and collaborate on mutually beneficial pursuits. 3. An improved regional economy and skilled-up workforce are identified as positive community changes – and the community college’s contributions to those positive changes are cited as a public benefit. 4. A community leadership network with increased confidence in collaboration, understanding of community assets, and efficacy in community development is recognized as a positive community change -- and the community college's contributions to those positive changes are cited as a public benefit. 5. An enhanced community image and an optimistic community outlook are identified as positive community changes -- and the community college’s contributions to those positive changes are cited as a public benefit. When these findings are taken into account with the related literature, this study offers considerations for practice and further research among community college, civic, and policy leaders.   Title: Community leaders' perspectives of a rural community college's impact on community development Author: Thomas, Reine M. The purpose of this qualitative research study was to examine the role a rural community college plays in the development of its community, using a holistic, community-based lens that considered college and community context, interactions and results to answer the question: How does the rural community college impact the development of the rural community? While the community college's connection to the local community is largely inherent, a full understanding of community college-community interaction and the impact of those interactions on the community as a whole is often difficult to articulate. Given the context of today's education accountability requirements, it is advantageous to develop a more comprehensive understanding of the community college with regard to community impact and public benefit -- for community college practitioners, the public, and state and local policy-makers. A social constructivist research perspective, a case study research strategy, and a single case design were employed in this study. The case for this study was a rural Northwest community and the community college within it. The community college was classified as a small, rural-serving college by the Carnegie Classification of Colleges and Universities. A logic model design guided the study. Study participants included: elected officials; business and industry executives; and health, education and human services leaders. A combination of document review, participant observation, and interviews was used to answer the research questions: (a) What is the context of this community and this community college? (b) In what ways do the college and the community interact and engage? (c) What are the results of the college-community engagement? Examination of the data revealed several major themes and five significant findings: 1. The community defines itself through a regional, rural lens and is characterized by an interconnectedness of its people to the land and to the history of the region. 2. The college and the community invest in reciprocal relationships and collaborate on mutually beneficial pursuits. 3. An improved regional economy and skilled-up workforce are identified as positive community changes – and the community college’s contributions to those positive changes are cited as a public benefit. 4. A community leadership network with increased confidence in collaboration, understanding of community assets, and efficacy in community development is recognized as a positive community change -- and the community college's contributions to those positive changes are cited as a public benefit. 5. An enhanced community image and an optimistic community outlook are identified as positive community changes -- and the community college’s contributions to those positive changes are cited as a public benefit. When these findings are taken into account with the related literature, this study offers considerations for practice and further research among community college, civic, and policy leaders.   Close

• 3. [Article] Coordination and cooperation between community colleges and community schools in selected community college districts

  The most important purposes of this study were to: (1) determine the extent of cooperation and coordination that currently exists in selected community colleges which have community school programs in ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Coordination and cooperation between community colleges and community schools in selected community college districts Author: Weiss, Marvin Wesley The most important purposes of this study were to: (1) determine the extent of cooperation and coordination that currently exists in selected community colleges which have community school programs in their college districts, and (2) clarify the multi-roles of community schools and of community education in community colleges. Other purposes of the study were to: (1) examine the present educational philosophy regarding community schools and community colleges, (2) determine if duplication of programs exists, and (3) encourage educational administrators to develop a realistic plan for cooperation and coordination between community schools and community colleges. Procedures A. questionnaire with 46 items was developed to obtain opinions from educational administrators regarding organization, administration, finance, instruction and the level of cooperation between community schools and community colleges. The questionnaire was sent to community school directors or coordinators and community college administrators who supervised adult, community or continuing education. Five states were selected for this study--Oregon, Washington, California, Michigan and Florida. Each community college selected had at Least one community school program operating in the college district. Seventy respondents (35 community college and 35 community school administrators) participated in the study by reacting to the 46 items which were assigned values of one to five on a Likerttype scale with one being strong disagreement and five being strong agreement. All items on the returned questionnaire were analyzed by utilizing the analysis of variance technique. Selected Findings Selected findings were: 1. Fifteen items (32. 6%) showed significant differences among mean score responses for community college and community school personnel. 2. Except for three items, no differences existed between mean score responses among states. 3. Except for four items, no interaction effect differences existed in mean responses between college/schooLs and states. 4. The greatest number of rejected items (71. 4%) were found in the section on instruction. 5. The finance section had 66% of its items rejected. 6. There were no significant differences in the responses on all items in the general question section. 7. Of the 35 community schools surveyed, the length of time these schools were in operation varied from one to seven years. Thirteen of the schools were in operation just one year. 8. The greatest number of community schools in one college district was 25. Conclusions and Recommendations The following selected conclusions were based on a review of literature, the questionnaire and results of statistical analysis. They are: 1. There is an urgent need for cooperation and coordination between community colleges and community schools in college districts. 2. State laws do not prevent the community colleges and community schools from cooperating in the five states surveyed in this study. 3. State certification and qualifications of instructors in community colleges and community schools were issues which did not prevent cooperation and coordination between those two institutions. 4. Considerable disagreement exists between community colleges and community schools with regard to whether or not the community college should pay part of the community school director's salary. 5. Competition for tax dollars by community colleges and community schools is not the reason for the lack of cooperation between these institutions in the five states surveyed. 6. Community college and community school personnel must come to an agreement regarding who should be responsible for coordinating community education in a community college district. 7. Much disagreement was found between community schools and community colleges in the areas of instruction and finance. 8. A need exists for a "model" for cooperation and coordination between community schools and community colleges. The following recommendations are made: 1. Have the community college develop a training program for community school para-professionals, directors/ coordinators and other related personnel. 2. Develop formal guidelines for cooperation and coordination between community schools and community colleges. 3. Further delineate the role and function of the multiplicity of agencies providing community education in a community college district. 4. Develop a "model" for cooperation and coordination between community schools and community colleges. Title: Coordination and cooperation between community colleges and community schools in selected community college districts Author: Weiss, Marvin Wesley The most important purposes of this study were to: (1) determine the extent of cooperation and coordination that currently exists in selected community colleges which have community school programs in their college districts, and (2) clarify the multi-roles of community schools and of community education in community colleges. Other purposes of the study were to: (1) examine the present educational philosophy regarding community schools and community colleges, (2) determine if duplication of programs exists, and (3) encourage educational administrators to develop a realistic plan for cooperation and coordination between community schools and community colleges. Procedures A. questionnaire with 46 items was developed to obtain opinions from educational administrators regarding organization, administration, finance, instruction and the level of cooperation between community schools and community colleges. The questionnaire was sent to community school directors or coordinators and community college administrators who supervised adult, community or continuing education. Five states were selected for this study--Oregon, Washington, California, Michigan and Florida. Each community college selected had at Least one community school program operating in the college district. Seventy respondents (35 community college and 35 community school administrators) participated in the study by reacting to the 46 items which were assigned values of one to five on a Likerttype scale with one being strong disagreement and five being strong agreement. All items on the returned questionnaire were analyzed by utilizing the analysis of variance technique. Selected Findings Selected findings were: 1. Fifteen items (32. 6%) showed significant differences among mean score responses for community college and community school personnel. 2. Except for three items, no differences existed between mean score responses among states. 3. Except for four items, no interaction effect differences existed in mean responses between college/schooLs and states. 4. The greatest number of rejected items (71. 4%) were found in the section on instruction. 5. The finance section had 66% of its items rejected. 6. There were no significant differences in the responses on all items in the general question section. 7. Of the 35 community schools surveyed, the length of time these schools were in operation varied from one to seven years. Thirteen of the schools were in operation just one year. 8. The greatest number of community schools in one college district was 25. Conclusions and Recommendations The following selected conclusions were based on a review of literature, the questionnaire and results of statistical analysis. They are: 1. There is an urgent need for cooperation and coordination between community colleges and community schools in college districts. 2. State laws do not prevent the community colleges and community schools from cooperating in the five states surveyed in this study. 3. State certification and qualifications of instructors in community colleges and community schools were issues which did not prevent cooperation and coordination between those two institutions. 4. Considerable disagreement exists between community colleges and community schools with regard to whether or not the community college should pay part of the community school director's salary. 5. Competition for tax dollars by community colleges and community schools is not the reason for the lack of cooperation between these institutions in the five states surveyed. 6. Community college and community school personnel must come to an agreement regarding who should be responsible for coordinating community education in a community college district. 7. Much disagreement was found between community schools and community colleges in the areas of instruction and finance. 8. A need exists for a "model" for cooperation and coordination between community schools and community colleges. The following recommendations are made: 1. Have the community college develop a training program for community school para-professionals, directors/ coordinators and other related personnel. 2. Develop formal guidelines for cooperation and coordination between community schools and community colleges. 3. Further delineate the role and function of the multiplicity of agencies providing community education in a community college district. 4. Develop a "model" for cooperation and coordination between community schools and community colleges. Close

• 4. [Article] The wonderful missions of the community college: a hermeneutic analysis of the first hundred years of the colleges’ community engagement

  The community college, now over 100 years old, began with the singular mission of preparing students for transfer to the university. Throughout the 20th century, the community college has expanded its ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The wonderful missions of the community college: a hermeneutic analysis of the first hundred years of the colleges’ community engagement Author: Nadolny, Raymond A. The community college, now over 100 years old, began with the singular mission of preparing students for transfer to the university. Throughout the 20th century, the community college has expanded its missions to serve increasingly complex and comprehensive community needs. Through a textual analysis of community engagement within seven seminal texts on the community college written at different times during the past century, the study reexamined the evolution of community college mission. The result was an increased appreciation of the community college as a unique social institution that contributed to the development of democracy in America through a history of community engagement, commitment to access, and multiple missions. Title: The wonderful missions of the community college: a hermeneutic analysis of the first hundred years of the colleges’ community engagement Author: Nadolny, Raymond A. The community college, now over 100 years old, began with the singular mission of preparing students for transfer to the university. Throughout the 20th century, the community college has expanded its missions to serve increasingly complex and comprehensive community needs. Through a textual analysis of community engagement within seven seminal texts on the community college written at different times during the past century, the study reexamined the evolution of community college mission. The result was an increased appreciation of the community college as a unique social institution that contributed to the development of democracy in America through a history of community engagement, commitment to access, and multiple missions. Close

• 5. [Article] Exploring Community Resources and Readiness in Relation to Childhood Obesity Prevention in Rural Western America

  Childhood obesity is a nationwide concern of which rural, urban, and suburban communities must be aware in order to take action. The goal for the research project, GROW Healthy Kids and Communities (GROW ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Exploring Community Resources and Readiness in Relation to Childhood Obesity Prevention in Rural Western America Author: John, Deborah, Kunkle, Deanna Childhood obesity is a nationwide concern of which rural, urban, and suburban communities must be aware in order to take action. The goal for the research project, GROW Healthy Kids and Communities (GROW HKC), is to prevent childhood obesity in rural communities through the use of participatory action research and the HEAL MAPPS™ tool. The HEAL MAPPS™ tool allows community members to examine experiences they’ve had in terms of supports and barriers to eating healthy and being physically active within their own communities. This provides a resident-informed profile for their specific rural environment. The result is a community report that evaluates and scores each community based on six dimensions of community readiness to approach the issue of weight healthy environments for childhood obesity prevention: Available Resources, Community Efforts, Knowledge of the Efforts, Knowledge of the Issue, Community Climate, and Leadership. GROW HKC focuses on rural communities due to the likelihood of those communities being under-resourced. Rural communities face unique challenges that more urban communities do not face. Preston, a rural community in Idaho, is no exception and is lacking basic resources that would make physical activity and healthy eating more accessible to community members, such as sidewalks and healthy food retailers. Preston, ID community members do recognize where efforts have been made to provide resources for eating healthy or being physically active in their community but see a need for improvement. Once community readiness is determined evidence-based strategies are used to promote healthy eating and increased physical activities resulting in lower body mass indexes for rural children. Title: Exploring Community Resources and Readiness in Relation to Childhood Obesity Prevention in Rural Western America Author: John, Deborah, Kunkle, Deanna Childhood obesity is a nationwide concern of which rural, urban, and suburban communities must be aware in order to take action. The goal for the research project, GROW Healthy Kids and Communities (GROW HKC), is to prevent childhood obesity in rural communities through the use of participatory action research and the HEAL MAPPS™ tool. The HEAL MAPPS™ tool allows community members to examine experiences they’ve had in terms of supports and barriers to eating healthy and being physically active within their own communities. This provides a resident-informed profile for their specific rural environment. The result is a community report that evaluates and scores each community based on six dimensions of community readiness to approach the issue of weight healthy environments for childhood obesity prevention: Available Resources, Community Efforts, Knowledge of the Efforts, Knowledge of the Issue, Community Climate, and Leadership. GROW HKC focuses on rural communities due to the likelihood of those communities being under-resourced. Rural communities face unique challenges that more urban communities do not face. Preston, a rural community in Idaho, is no exception and is lacking basic resources that would make physical activity and healthy eating more accessible to community members, such as sidewalks and healthy food retailers. Preston, ID community members do recognize where efforts have been made to provide resources for eating healthy or being physically active in their community but see a need for improvement. Once community readiness is determined evidence-based strategies are used to promote healthy eating and increased physical activities resulting in lower body mass indexes for rural children. Close

• 6. [Article] Characterization of community capacity in a forest-dependent community : the case of the Haut-St.-Maurice

  In recent years, economic, social, technological, and environmental changes have all imposed challenges on forest-based communities. This has revived interest in studying these communities to understand ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Characterization of community capacity in a forest-dependent community : the case of the Haut-St.-Maurice Author: Nadeau, Solange, 1967- In recent years, economic, social, technological, and environmental changes have all imposed challenges on forest-based communities. This has revived interest in studying these communities to understand their ability to tackle these challenges. This study is built around a case study of an industrial forest-based community and aims at characterizing the community's ability to deal with change. A review of the literature documented the evolution of the frameworks used to examine forest communities and guided the choice of a framework. This case study analysis focuses on community capacity and the research follows two avenues: documenting the evolution of community capacity over time, and assessing residents' opinions on major issues challenging their community's capacity. A mix of qualitative and quantitative research methods was used to address these questions. Interviews were used to document the evolution of community capacity. They reveal how community capacity was built through community empowerment with regard to social capital and infrastructure development. They also shed light on the constraining effects that stagnant human capital and institutional management arrangements for public lands had on this capacity. The interviews identified issues challenging the current capacity of the community. A series of questions about these issues was then presented to local residents by means of a mail survey. The survey assessed residents' attitudes and provided information about the degree of agreement within the community on issues associated with community capacity. It reveals the responsiveness of groups within the community, and highlights concerns expressed by specific groups regarding the hurdles faced either by the community or by themselves in building community capacity. Title: Characterization of community capacity in a forest-dependent community : the case of the Haut-St.-Maurice Author: Nadeau, Solange, 1967- In recent years, economic, social, technological, and environmental changes have all imposed challenges on forest-based communities. This has revived interest in studying these communities to understand their ability to tackle these challenges. This study is built around a case study of an industrial forest-based community and aims at characterizing the community's ability to deal with change. A review of the literature documented the evolution of the frameworks used to examine forest communities and guided the choice of a framework. This case study analysis focuses on community capacity and the research follows two avenues: documenting the evolution of community capacity over time, and assessing residents' opinions on major issues challenging their community's capacity. A mix of qualitative and quantitative research methods was used to address these questions. Interviews were used to document the evolution of community capacity. They reveal how community capacity was built through community empowerment with regard to social capital and infrastructure development. They also shed light on the constraining effects that stagnant human capital and institutional management arrangements for public lands had on this capacity. The interviews identified issues challenging the current capacity of the community. A series of questions about these issues was then presented to local residents by means of a mail survey. The survey assessed residents' attitudes and provided information about the degree of agreement within the community on issues associated with community capacity. It reveals the responsiveness of groups within the community, and highlights concerns expressed by specific groups regarding the hurdles faced either by the community or by themselves in building community capacity. Close

• 7. [Article] Promotion Strategy for Fishery Community Involvement: lesson learned from Baan Bang-rong, Talang district, Phuket

  Research Paper

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Promotion Strategy for Fishery Community Involvement: lesson learned from Baan Bang-rong, Talang district, Phuket Author: Laowapong, Amporn Research Paper Title: Promotion Strategy for Fishery Community Involvement: lesson learned from Baan Bang-rong, Talang district, Phuket Author: Laowapong, Amporn Research Paper Close

• 8. [Article] Integrating Fishing Communities into Fishery Management: The Influential Economics of Organization

  Research Paper

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Integrating Fishing Communities into Fishery Management: The Influential Economics of Organization Author: Hanna, Susan Research Paper Title: Integrating Fishing Communities into Fishery Management: The Influential Economics of Organization Author: Hanna, Susan Research Paper Close

• 9. [Article] Public trust / private interest : practical and philosophical issues for community colleges and their contract education programs

  Community colleges are being pressured to increase their direct support of the economic development agendas of their communities, their states, and even the nation. These pressures develop both externally ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Public trust / private interest : practical and philosophical issues for community colleges and their contract education programs Author: Lindstrom, Eric L. Community colleges are being pressured to increase their direct support of the economic development agendas of their communities, their states, and even the nation. These pressures develop both externally and internally, and are exacerbated when increased demands for access to community college education must be met with chronically flat-lined or underfunded community college budgets. In order to deal effectively with these pressures, community colleges may have to increase the considerable degree to which they already collaborate with the private interests within their communities. Contract education programs are one of the more powerful collaborative devices available to community colleges. But increasing their emphasis on contract education presents practical and philosophical issues for community colleges, and may even put their traditionally comprehensive missions at risk. This study suggests that the degree to which a community college is able to resolve those issues and maintain a comprehensive mission is heavily dependent upon the ability of the top leadership to balance the values and interests of the multiple organizational cultures that make up the community college and its immediate environment. Title: Public trust / private interest : practical and philosophical issues for community colleges and their contract education programs Author: Lindstrom, Eric L. Community colleges are being pressured to increase their direct support of the economic development agendas of their communities, their states, and even the nation. These pressures develop both externally and internally, and are exacerbated when increased demands for access to community college education must be met with chronically flat-lined or underfunded community college budgets. In order to deal effectively with these pressures, community colleges may have to increase the considerable degree to which they already collaborate with the private interests within their communities. Contract education programs are one of the more powerful collaborative devices available to community colleges. But increasing their emphasis on contract education presents practical and philosophical issues for community colleges, and may even put their traditionally comprehensive missions at risk. This study suggests that the degree to which a community college is able to resolve those issues and maintain a comprehensive mission is heavily dependent upon the ability of the top leadership to balance the values and interests of the multiple organizational cultures that make up the community college and its immediate environment. Close

• 10. [Article] Engaging Minds, Building Community : Facilitating community engagement in the Rubenstein School of Enviornment and Natural Resources

  Handout included: Communication Document from the Office of Experiential Learning.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Engaging Minds, Building Community : Facilitating community engagement in the Rubenstein School of Enviornment and Natural Resources Author: Westdijk, Kate Handout included: Communication Document from the Office of Experiential Learning. Title: Engaging Minds, Building Community : Facilitating community engagement in the Rubenstein School of Enviornment and Natural Resources Author: Westdijk, Kate Handout included: Communication Document from the Office of Experiential Learning. Close

• 11. [Article] Improving community profiles for Oregon fisheries and coastal communities through collaboration

  In an effort to supplement the recently completed NOAA fishing community profiles, three coastal Oregon communities were chosen as sites for a collaborative project designed to produce long-form profiles. ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Improving community profiles for Oregon fisheries and coastal communities through collaboration Author: Package, Christina In an effort to supplement the recently completed NOAA fishing community profiles, three coastal Oregon communities were chosen as sites for a collaborative project designed to produce long-form profiles. In order to provide a representation of the coast Newport, Port Orford, and Garibali, Oregon were included based on community size, fishery types, and gear types. Community researchers from each community along with social scientists at Oregon State University teamed up to collect ethnographic data not included in the already existing profiles. The community researchers were trained in interviewing techniques, conducting the bulk of the 64 interviews completed by the project. Community researchers interviewed their own peers in their communities in addition to being involved in all aspects of the project. Three long-form community profiles were produced. These profiles include information on the importance of fishing to each community, characteristics of fishermen, descriptions of fishing families and how they have changed over time, support services for fishing and connections to other communities, communication within the fishing community and with others, perspectives on management and effects of management actions, changes in the economics of fishing and seafood and changes in fishing effort, perceptions of the state of the ocean and its resources, and perceptions of the future of fishing in each location. This cutting edge approach of utilizing community members as social science researchers was analyzed and the pros and cons of this approach were revealed, with the positive aspects outweighing the negatives. Title: Improving community profiles for Oregon fisheries and coastal communities through collaboration Author: Package, Christina In an effort to supplement the recently completed NOAA fishing community profiles, three coastal Oregon communities were chosen as sites for a collaborative project designed to produce long-form profiles. In order to provide a representation of the coast Newport, Port Orford, and Garibali, Oregon were included based on community size, fishery types, and gear types. Community researchers from each community along with social scientists at Oregon State University teamed up to collect ethnographic data not included in the already existing profiles. The community researchers were trained in interviewing techniques, conducting the bulk of the 64 interviews completed by the project. Community researchers interviewed their own peers in their communities in addition to being involved in all aspects of the project. Three long-form community profiles were produced. These profiles include information on the importance of fishing to each community, characteristics of fishermen, descriptions of fishing families and how they have changed over time, support services for fishing and connections to other communities, communication within the fishing community and with others, perspectives on management and effects of management actions, changes in the economics of fishing and seafood and changes in fishing effort, perceptions of the state of the ocean and its resources, and perceptions of the future of fishing in each location. This cutting edge approach of utilizing community members as social science researchers was analyzed and the pros and cons of this approach were revealed, with the positive aspects outweighing the negatives. Close

• 12. [Article] Determinants of moth diversity and community in a temperate mountain landscape: vegetation, topography, and seasonality

  This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by the author(s) and published by the Ecological Society of America. The published article can be found at: http://www.esajournal...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Determinants of moth diversity and community in a temperate mountain landscape: vegetation, topography, and seasonality Author: Miller, Jeffrey C., Jones, Julia A., Highland, Steven A. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by the author(s) and published by the Ecological Society of America. The published article can be found at: http://www.esajournals.org/loi/ecsp. Title: Determinants of moth diversity and community in a temperate mountain landscape: vegetation, topography, and seasonality Author: Miller, Jeffrey C., Jones, Julia A., Highland, Steven A. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by the author(s) and published by the Ecological Society of America. The published article can be found at: http://www.esajournals.org/loi/ecsp. Close

• 13. [Article] Latina student perceptions of learning communities

  The purpose of this study is to examine the learning that occurs in Latina students who enroll in learning communities designed for underprepared community college students. The research question guiding ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Latina student perceptions of learning communities Author: Yaqub, Samia The purpose of this study is to examine the learning that occurs in Latina students who enroll in learning communities designed for underprepared community college students. The research question guiding this study is: What are the experiences of Latina students enrolled in developmental learning community courses which have the greatest impact on their learning? The research design included an interpretive approach and phenomenological method. Thirteen Latina students enrolled in learning communities that paired developmental English with counseling classes at two rural northern California community colleges participated through open-ended interviews and a focus group. Data from the interviews and focus group were coded and grouped into broad areas. These included students' first impressions of their learning communities, and first impressions of college for new students; how students felt about the learning community environment; the contrasts between their experiences in their learning community classes and other classes; and, finally, student perceptions of learning that took place in their learning community classes. Themes were identified within each of these areas. Findings from this study indicate that Latina community college students found great value in learning communities. The linked course structure helped relieve anxiety about being in a new and sometimes alien environment. Students expressed a need to feel comfortable and supported to learn, and when they felt comfortable, they were more apt to participate actively. Students saw their learning community courses as providing the academic support and social connections needed for them to learn. Title: Latina student perceptions of learning communities Author: Yaqub, Samia The purpose of this study is to examine the learning that occurs in Latina students who enroll in learning communities designed for underprepared community college students. The research question guiding this study is: What are the experiences of Latina students enrolled in developmental learning community courses which have the greatest impact on their learning? The research design included an interpretive approach and phenomenological method. Thirteen Latina students enrolled in learning communities that paired developmental English with counseling classes at two rural northern California community colleges participated through open-ended interviews and a focus group. Data from the interviews and focus group were coded and grouped into broad areas. These included students' first impressions of their learning communities, and first impressions of college for new students; how students felt about the learning community environment; the contrasts between their experiences in their learning community classes and other classes; and, finally, student perceptions of learning that took place in their learning community classes. Themes were identified within each of these areas. Findings from this study indicate that Latina community college students found great value in learning communities. The linked course structure helped relieve anxiety about being in a new and sometimes alien environment. Students expressed a need to feel comfortable and supported to learn, and when they felt comfortable, they were more apt to participate actively. Students saw their learning community courses as providing the academic support and social connections needed for them to learn. Close

• 14. [Article] A descriptive study of the Oregon community college budget processes during the 2001-2003 Oregon Legislative session

  From 1990 to 2000, Oregon community colleges experienced a shift in their revenue sources from primarily local taxes to primarily state funding. Additionally during this time Oregon approved term limits ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: A descriptive study of the Oregon community college budget processes during the 2001-2003 Oregon Legislative session Author: Bohart, B. Edward From 1990 to 2000, Oregon community colleges experienced a shift in their revenue sources from primarily local taxes to primarily state funding. Additionally during this time Oregon approved term limits for state officials and legislators. In preparation for the 2001-2003 biennial Legislative session, the community colleges pursued new approaches to securing an increase in state funding, which included a single funding request, the first pledge of unity among the community colleges and a trust-building process with the governor. This study followed the budget development processes for Oregon community colleges in preparation for and during the 2001-2003 legislative session. Interviews, observations and primary source materials were used by the researcher to describe the budget processes from the initial community college discussions through the enactment of the community college budget by the legislature. The governor was found to have the most significant influence in providing for the community college request for increased funding. The legislature was found to have less influence in providing increased revenue for community colleges. The governor, as part of his state budget, forwarded a request to the legislature for a $45 million increase for community colleges. The unity of community colleges in supporting one proposal during the session was found to have several positive impacts. Although community colleges received an increase in state funding, the funding formula for community colleges resulted in differentiated funding for each of the 17 Oregon community colleges. An epilogue provides a chronology of significant changes in state revenues, of special legislative sessions and of changes in community college funding after the enactment of the 2001-2003 community college budget. Title: A descriptive study of the Oregon community college budget processes during the 2001-2003 Oregon Legislative session Author: Bohart, B. Edward From 1990 to 2000, Oregon community colleges experienced a shift in their revenue sources from primarily local taxes to primarily state funding. Additionally during this time Oregon approved term limits for state officials and legislators. In preparation for the 2001-2003 biennial Legislative session, the community colleges pursued new approaches to securing an increase in state funding, which included a single funding request, the first pledge of unity among the community colleges and a trust-building process with the governor. This study followed the budget development processes for Oregon community colleges in preparation for and during the 2001-2003 legislative session. Interviews, observations and primary source materials were used by the researcher to describe the budget processes from the initial community college discussions through the enactment of the community college budget by the legislature. The governor was found to have the most significant influence in providing for the community college request for increased funding. The legislature was found to have less influence in providing increased revenue for community colleges. The governor, as part of his state budget, forwarded a request to the legislature for a $45 million increase for community colleges. The unity of community colleges in supporting one proposal during the session was found to have several positive impacts. Although community colleges received an increase in state funding, the funding formula for community colleges resulted in differentiated funding for each of the 17 Oregon community colleges. An epilogue provides a chronology of significant changes in state revenues, of special legislative sessions and of changes in community college funding after the enactment of the 2001-2003 community college budget. Close

• 15. [Article] A study of natural communities in three Oregon counties : an attempt to determine the importance of natural communities as a basis for community planning in country districts : a report

  Gerald W. Williams Collection

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: A study of natural communities in three Oregon counties : an attempt to determine the importance of natural communities as a basis for community planning in country districts : a report Author: Oregon State Planning Board Gerald W. Williams Collection Title: A study of natural communities in three Oregon counties : an attempt to determine the importance of natural communities as a basis for community planning in country districts : a report Author: Oregon State Planning Board Gerald W. Williams Collection Close

• 16. [Article] Community Fishery Rights: Issues, Approaches and Atlantic Canadian Case Studies

  Research Paper

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Community Fishery Rights: Issues, Approaches and Atlantic Canadian Case Studies Author: Charles, Anthony Research Paper Title: Community Fishery Rights: Issues, Approaches and Atlantic Canadian Case Studies Author: Charles, Anthony Research Paper Close

• 17. [Article] Two case studies of community educational programs : planning, organization, and implementation

  The purpose of this thesis is (1) to study two Oregon communities and to report data related to their concepts of community education and (2) from this data, to develop guidelines for the planning, organization, ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Two case studies of community educational programs : planning, organization, and implementation Author: Brown, Tyrus Stearns The purpose of this thesis is (1) to study two Oregon communities and to report data related to their concepts of community education and (2) from this data, to develop guidelines for the planning, organization, and implementation of comprehensive community-wide educational programs. In accomplishing these purposes, it is hoped a contribution will be made to the growth and acceptance of the community education concept in the state of Oregon. A selective review of literature reveals that the community education concept is increasingly perceived as a means of meeting an impending crisis in modern public education. The diverse nature of community schools now in operation is due to (1) the several developmental levels at which these community schools exist, (2) the unique nature of the single community, and (3) an inductive planning method that continually readjusts programming plans to the changing educational needs of the community. Interviews were conducted in two anonymous Oregon communities, Lakepark and Riverside, to gather data pertaining to the planning, organization, and implementation of their current educational efforts. Written publications of each district were also examined carefully. Comparison of the two districts revealed that Riverside had made considerably more progress toward successful implementation because (1) the administration was strongly committed to a common goal of relevant education for their students, (2) a reciprocally supportive relationship existed between the school and the community, (3) an inductive planning method incorporating several evaluative instruments was used, and (4) innovation and change were accepted and encouraged. Innovative educational efforts in local communities must be given professional recognition and assistance in order to succeed, but the current public education system does not adequately provide this recognition and assistance. It is recommended that an " idea center" be established and staffed by people who have the ability to develop and stimulate innovative change in education. This "idea center" would collect and disseminate ideas; it would pilot practical research projects related to the planning, organization, and implementation of community education programs; and it would establish model schools and programs that would provide for the training of community school teachers, counselors, and administrators. Title: Two case studies of community educational programs : planning, organization, and implementation Author: Brown, Tyrus Stearns The purpose of this thesis is (1) to study two Oregon communities and to report data related to their concepts of community education and (2) from this data, to develop guidelines for the planning, organization, and implementation of comprehensive community-wide educational programs. In accomplishing these purposes, it is hoped a contribution will be made to the growth and acceptance of the community education concept in the state of Oregon. A selective review of literature reveals that the community education concept is increasingly perceived as a means of meeting an impending crisis in modern public education. The diverse nature of community schools now in operation is due to (1) the several developmental levels at which these community schools exist, (2) the unique nature of the single community, and (3) an inductive planning method that continually readjusts programming plans to the changing educational needs of the community. Interviews were conducted in two anonymous Oregon communities, Lakepark and Riverside, to gather data pertaining to the planning, organization, and implementation of their current educational efforts. Written publications of each district were also examined carefully. Comparison of the two districts revealed that Riverside had made considerably more progress toward successful implementation because (1) the administration was strongly committed to a common goal of relevant education for their students, (2) a reciprocally supportive relationship existed between the school and the community, (3) an inductive planning method incorporating several evaluative instruments was used, and (4) innovation and change were accepted and encouraged. Innovative educational efforts in local communities must be given professional recognition and assistance in order to succeed, but the current public education system does not adequately provide this recognition and assistance. It is recommended that an " idea center" be established and staffed by people who have the ability to develop and stimulate innovative change in education. This "idea center" would collect and disseminate ideas; it would pilot practical research projects related to the planning, organization, and implementation of community education programs; and it would establish model schools and programs that would provide for the training of community school teachers, counselors, and administrators. Close

• 18. [Article] Conservation and community development in Nepal : case study of a non-government organization

  The internship I performed was with Rural Community Development Program (RCDP), a domestic non-governmental organization in the country of Nepal. This organization focuses on community development goals ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Conservation and community development in Nepal : case study of a non-government organization Author: Cannon, Joseph R. The internship I performed was with Rural Community Development Program (RCDP), a domestic non-governmental organization in the country of Nepal. This organization focuses on community development goals in rural communities, utilizing the efforts of volunteers within the context of environmental conservation ideals. I primarily worked with the associated community plant nursery and a community forest. My goals through this position were to observe and learn first-hand about the processes of community development and environmental conservation agencies in developing countries. These goals were met through a ii series of meetings, tours, and duties through RCDP. I spent many days working with the community plant nursery, and learning from the local supervisor. Additionally, I met on numerous occasions with the director of a community forest, and learned about the basic goals and processes of their operation. I was able to subsidize these experiences with tours of natural areas, and communication with community members and businesses. A cultural tour and training were also included. These combined experiences were more than sufficient for meeting my internship goals and obligations of my graduate program. This report completes the requirement of a non-thesis Master of Science degree through the Botany and Plant Pathology Department. Title: Conservation and community development in Nepal : case study of a non-government organization Author: Cannon, Joseph R. The internship I performed was with Rural Community Development Program (RCDP), a domestic non-governmental organization in the country of Nepal. This organization focuses on community development goals in rural communities, utilizing the efforts of volunteers within the context of environmental conservation ideals. I primarily worked with the associated community plant nursery and a community forest. My goals through this position were to observe and learn first-hand about the processes of community development and environmental conservation agencies in developing countries. These goals were met through a ii series of meetings, tours, and duties through RCDP. I spent many days working with the community plant nursery, and learning from the local supervisor. Additionally, I met on numerous occasions with the director of a community forest, and learned about the basic goals and processes of their operation. I was able to subsidize these experiences with tours of natural areas, and communication with community members and businesses. A cultural tour and training were also included. These combined experiences were more than sufficient for meeting my internship goals and obligations of my graduate program. This report completes the requirement of a non-thesis Master of Science degree through the Botany and Plant Pathology Department. Close

• 19. [Article] Influence of sediment characteristics on the composition of soft-sediment intertidal communities in the northern Gulf of Mexico

  This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by the author(s) and published by PeerJ. The published article can be found at: https://peerj.com/.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Influence of sediment characteristics on the composition of soft-sediment intertidal communities in the northern Gulf of Mexico Author: Coblentz, Kyle E., Taylor, Caz M., Henkel, Jessica R., Sigel, Bryan J. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by the author(s) and published by PeerJ. The published article can be found at: https://peerj.com/. Title: Influence of sediment characteristics on the composition of soft-sediment intertidal communities in the northern Gulf of Mexico Author: Coblentz, Kyle E., Taylor, Caz M., Henkel, Jessica R., Sigel, Bryan J. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by the author(s) and published by PeerJ. The published article can be found at: https://peerj.com/. Close

• 20. [Article] Changes & Fishery Management: Impacts, Communication, and Fishing Communities

  Fisheries resources in Oregon have been the focus of a public policy and management controversy for the last several years. As changes in fisheries resources management and policy decisions continue to ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Changes & Fishery Management: Impacts, Communication, and Fishing Communities Author: Conway, Flaxen D.L. Year: 2001 Fisheries resources in Oregon have been the focus of a public policy and management controversy for the last several years. As changes in fisheries resources management and policy decisions continue to be occur, the two communities that are directly involved - the fishery management community and the fishing family business community - will continue to interface with each other. Recognizing the interdependence of these two communities is becoming more and more important. Equally important will be the recognition of how communication at the interface can help to lessen tension and negative impacts. This paper discusses an innovative outreach project and the lessons learned regarding small steps in communication that can help both fishing communities and the fishery management community in their struggles to cope with changes in fishery management. Title: Changes & Fishery Management: Impacts, Communication, and Fishing Communities Author: Conway, Flaxen D.L. Year: 2001 Fisheries resources in Oregon have been the focus of a public policy and management controversy for the last several years. As changes in fisheries resources management and policy decisions continue to be occur, the two communities that are directly involved - the fishery management community and the fishing family business community - will continue to interface with each other. Recognizing the interdependence of these two communities is becoming more and more important. Equally important will be the recognition of how communication at the interface can help to lessen tension and negative impacts. This paper discusses an innovative outreach project and the lessons learned regarding small steps in communication that can help both fishing communities and the fishery management community in their struggles to cope with changes in fishery management. Close

• 21. [Article] Rural Community Explorer portal (phase 1) final report

  The Rural Communities Explorer allows community residents and officials, agencies and businesses, universities and philanthropic organizations to access county and community specific information. The specific ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Rural Community Explorer portal (phase 1) final report Author: Salwasser, Janine The Rural Communities Explorer allows community residents and officials, agencies and businesses, universities and philanthropic organizations to access county and community specific information. The specific information developed with this grant for the Explorer included: (1) relevant social, economic, environmental and demographic profiles of each community; and (2) related community-specific spatial/map data, relevant reports and documents, news articles, maps, and photos from the library archives and other sources. The Explorer is designed to permit ease of use by the public with free access to mapping and reporting tools. Title: Rural Community Explorer portal (phase 1) final report Author: Salwasser, Janine The Rural Communities Explorer allows community residents and officials, agencies and businesses, universities and philanthropic organizations to access county and community specific information. The specific information developed with this grant for the Explorer included: (1) relevant social, economic, environmental and demographic profiles of each community; and (2) related community-specific spatial/map data, relevant reports and documents, news articles, maps, and photos from the library archives and other sources. The Explorer is designed to permit ease of use by the public with free access to mapping and reporting tools. Close

• 22. [Article] Crook County, Oregon Community Wildfire Protection Plan

  The Crook County Wildfire Protection Plan documents the community planning process in Crook County and includes the following components: -- Background information on the Community Wildfire Protection ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Crook County, Oregon Community Wildfire Protection Plan Author: Crook County Community Wildfire Protection Plan Committee The Crook County Wildfire Protection Plan documents the community planning process in Crook County and includes the following components: -- Background information on the Community Wildfire Protection Plan purpose and process, community profile information and fire behavior in Crook County; -- Risk assessment of communities and critical infrastructure; -- Recommendations to reduce structural ignitability and address issues associated with unprotected lands within the county; -- Summaries of communities, critical infrastructure, hazard reduction priorities and funding priorities; -- Recommendations for plan implementation, monitoring and annual review to assess and document accomplishment, short-fall, revised initiatives, and to identify new challenges and opportunities for community wildfire planning. Title: Crook County, Oregon Community Wildfire Protection Plan Author: Crook County Community Wildfire Protection Plan Committee The Crook County Wildfire Protection Plan documents the community planning process in Crook County and includes the following components: -- Background information on the Community Wildfire Protection Plan purpose and process, community profile information and fire behavior in Crook County; -- Risk assessment of communities and critical infrastructure; -- Recommendations to reduce structural ignitability and address issues associated with unprotected lands within the county; -- Summaries of communities, critical infrastructure, hazard reduction priorities and funding priorities; -- Recommendations for plan implementation, monitoring and annual review to assess and document accomplishment, short-fall, revised initiatives, and to identify new challenges and opportunities for community wildfire planning. Close

• 23. [Article] Examining Rural Resources and Readiness to Change the Context for Obesity Prevention

  GROW Healthy Kids & Communities aims to prevent obesity in rural children. The project targets changing family home, school, and community environments to support children’s weight healthy behaviors by ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Examining Rural Resources and Readiness to Change the Context for Obesity Prevention Author: Richards, Anne Marie GROW Healthy Kids & Communities aims to prevent obesity in rural children. The project targets changing family home, school, and community environments to support children’s weight healthy behaviors by “default.” My URAP apprenticeship is at the community level studying residents’ perceptions of the healthy eating and activity resources in rural communities and community readiness to improve the contexts for obesity prevention. My role is to learn qualitative research methods and data management. Title: Examining Rural Resources and Readiness to Change the Context for Obesity Prevention Author: Richards, Anne Marie GROW Healthy Kids & Communities aims to prevent obesity in rural children. The project targets changing family home, school, and community environments to support children’s weight healthy behaviors by “default.” My URAP apprenticeship is at the community level studying residents’ perceptions of the healthy eating and activity resources in rural communities and community readiness to improve the contexts for obesity prevention. My role is to learn qualitative research methods and data management. Close

• 24. [Article] Leveraging the Power of Institutional Agents for Students of Color : Understanding the Factors Which Influence Engagement at Community Colleges

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Leveraging the Power of Institutional Agents for Students of Color : Understanding the Factors Which Influence Engagement at Community Colleges Author: Hernandez Chapar, Judith W. Title: Leveraging the Power of Institutional Agents for Students of Color : Understanding the Factors Which Influence Engagement at Community Colleges Author: Hernandez Chapar, Judith W. Close

• 25. [Article] Arthropod community organization and development in pear

  Arthropod communities in pear are conceptualized as hierarchically organized systems in which several levels of organization or subsystems can be recognized between the species population level and the ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Arthropod community organization and development in pear Author: Gut, Larry J. Arthropod communities in pear are conceptualized as hierarchically organized systems in which several levels of organization or subsystems can be recognized between the species population level and the community as a whole. An individual tree is taken to be the community habitat with arthropod subcommunities developing on leaf, fruit and wood subcommunity habitats. Over a hundred species are reported to colonize one or more subcommunity habitats. Each subcommunity is composed of trophically organized systems of populations. Each system of populations is comprised of a guild of arthropods that use the habitat primarily for feeding but also for overwintering or egg deposition, and associated guilds of specialized predators, parasitoids and hyperparasitoids. Understanding community organization entails understanding how subsystems and their environments interact so as to be incorporated into a unified whole. Along with the relatively specialized interrelationships so important in organizing systems of populations, higher level community subsystems are coupled through the activities of phytophagous and predaceous generalists which feed in or take their prey from more than one subcommunity. In meeting the habitat requirements of each of its life history stages, several members of the pear community move from one subcommunity to another during the course of community development and serve to integrate these subsystems. Additional habitat, trophic and life history aspects of subsystem incorporation and interpenetration are discussed. Community development or change in organization through time is conceptualized as being jointly determined by the development of the habitat and the organization of the species pool. Seasonal development of the pear arthropod community is described in terms of changes in the species composition, size, and spatial distribution of guilds and subcommunities. Community habitat development is taken to be the primary determinant of changes in community structure and organization. As the season progresses, changes in the kinds and biomass of developmental states of each subcommunity habitat are accompanied by changes in the kinds, number or biomass, and distribution of associated community subsystems. Although the influence of habitat development on community development is emphasized, it is from the the species pool that arthropods colonize pear. The species that colonize, and their abundance and time of arrival is partially determined by the organization of this system of communities. Title: Arthropod community organization and development in pear Author: Gut, Larry J. Arthropod communities in pear are conceptualized as hierarchically organized systems in which several levels of organization or subsystems can be recognized between the species population level and the community as a whole. An individual tree is taken to be the community habitat with arthropod subcommunities developing on leaf, fruit and wood subcommunity habitats. Over a hundred species are reported to colonize one or more subcommunity habitats. Each subcommunity is composed of trophically organized systems of populations. Each system of populations is comprised of a guild of arthropods that use the habitat primarily for feeding but also for overwintering or egg deposition, and associated guilds of specialized predators, parasitoids and hyperparasitoids. Understanding community organization entails understanding how subsystems and their environments interact so as to be incorporated into a unified whole. Along with the relatively specialized interrelationships so important in organizing systems of populations, higher level community subsystems are coupled through the activities of phytophagous and predaceous generalists which feed in or take their prey from more than one subcommunity. In meeting the habitat requirements of each of its life history stages, several members of the pear community move from one subcommunity to another during the course of community development and serve to integrate these subsystems. Additional habitat, trophic and life history aspects of subsystem incorporation and interpenetration are discussed. Community development or change in organization through time is conceptualized as being jointly determined by the development of the habitat and the organization of the species pool. Seasonal development of the pear arthropod community is described in terms of changes in the species composition, size, and spatial distribution of guilds and subcommunities. Community habitat development is taken to be the primary determinant of changes in community structure and organization. As the season progresses, changes in the kinds and biomass of developmental states of each subcommunity habitat are accompanied by changes in the kinds, number or biomass, and distribution of associated community subsystems. Although the influence of habitat development on community development is emphasized, it is from the the species pool that arthropods colonize pear. The species that colonize, and their abundance and time of arrival is partially determined by the organization of this system of communities. Close

• 26. [Article] Community well-being and Forest Service policy : re-examining the sustained yield unit

  Sustained yield units (SYU' s), implemented around 1950, required that National Forest timber harvested from a designated area had to be processed in a specific local community. Six units were created ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Community well-being and Forest Service policy : re-examining the sustained yield unit Author: Cheek, Kristin Aldred Sustained yield units (SYU' s), implemented around 1950, required that National Forest timber harvested from a designated area had to be processed in a specific local community. Six units were created for the purpose of promoting community stability, a concept often measured in economic terms. Forest policies designed to aid communities have moved away from SYU's. Today's policies include a broader notion of community well-being, and emphasize nurturing a community's internal ability to accomplish its goals. Still, some communities are asking that the SYU idea be revisited. A qualitative, exploratory study of the Lakeview (Oregon) and Big Valley (California) units was undertaken. The overall objective of the study was to provide insight into whether or not the sustained yield unit policy would be effective in meeting current objectives for forest-based communities. It was also intended to add to our knowledge of the relationship between forest policies and forest-based communities. Interviews were conducted with key informants in the two study areas. Data from interviews were supplemented with data from existing sources. The main theme that emerged from the Lakeview unit was that the SYU had interacted with other factors in the community to improve the local quality of life. Respondents identified many positive relationships between the SYU and local services, businesses, and community involvement. At the same time, they emphasized that the communities in the unit had many positive attributes prior to the establishment of the unit and that these attributes also had a positive influence on the local quality of life. The data did not show evidence that the SYTJ "created," for example, social capital. What was already in place in the local community was a key factor. The main theme that emerged from interviews with Big Valley residents was that the SYU enabled the valley to maintain a mill. The SYU had done so by protecting the local mill from competition. Big Valley respondents described a fairly simple relationship between the SYU, the maintenance of the mill, and associated employment and income provided because the mill was still in business. Some of the perceptions respondents held regarding changes in or the health of their communities were compared to quantitative data. The perceptions and quantitative indicators were not consistent. These comparisons suggested that either people's perceptions were not accurate, or that more appropriate quantitative indicators, which correspond to the same phenomenon people discussed, need to be identified. Still, people's perceptions are considered important sources of information. Results from the study indicate that sustained yield units have at least the potential to contribute positively to community well-being. However, the effects of SYU's are best looked at in the context of many other factors that are a part of the local community, as well as larger external factors affecting the community. Baseline conditions, changing conditions, and the SYU all interact and influence community well-being. This study points to several areas for further research, such as comparing the development of SYU and non-SYU communities. It also points to the need to understand the relationship between the perceptions of forest-based communities' residents and the quantitative indicators often used by researchers when studying change in these communities. Title: Community well-being and Forest Service policy : re-examining the sustained yield unit Author: Cheek, Kristin Aldred Sustained yield units (SYU' s), implemented around 1950, required that National Forest timber harvested from a designated area had to be processed in a specific local community. Six units were created for the purpose of promoting community stability, a concept often measured in economic terms. Forest policies designed to aid communities have moved away from SYU's. Today's policies include a broader notion of community well-being, and emphasize nurturing a community's internal ability to accomplish its goals. Still, some communities are asking that the SYU idea be revisited. A qualitative, exploratory study of the Lakeview (Oregon) and Big Valley (California) units was undertaken. The overall objective of the study was to provide insight into whether or not the sustained yield unit policy would be effective in meeting current objectives for forest-based communities. It was also intended to add to our knowledge of the relationship between forest policies and forest-based communities. Interviews were conducted with key informants in the two study areas. Data from interviews were supplemented with data from existing sources. The main theme that emerged from the Lakeview unit was that the SYU had interacted with other factors in the community to improve the local quality of life. Respondents identified many positive relationships between the SYU and local services, businesses, and community involvement. At the same time, they emphasized that the communities in the unit had many positive attributes prior to the establishment of the unit and that these attributes also had a positive influence on the local quality of life. The data did not show evidence that the SYTJ "created," for example, social capital. What was already in place in the local community was a key factor. The main theme that emerged from interviews with Big Valley residents was that the SYU enabled the valley to maintain a mill. The SYU had done so by protecting the local mill from competition. Big Valley respondents described a fairly simple relationship between the SYU, the maintenance of the mill, and associated employment and income provided because the mill was still in business. Some of the perceptions respondents held regarding changes in or the health of their communities were compared to quantitative data. The perceptions and quantitative indicators were not consistent. These comparisons suggested that either people's perceptions were not accurate, or that more appropriate quantitative indicators, which correspond to the same phenomenon people discussed, need to be identified. Still, people's perceptions are considered important sources of information. Results from the study indicate that sustained yield units have at least the potential to contribute positively to community well-being. However, the effects of SYU's are best looked at in the context of many other factors that are a part of the local community, as well as larger external factors affecting the community. Baseline conditions, changing conditions, and the SYU all interact and influence community well-being. This study points to several areas for further research, such as comparing the development of SYU and non-SYU communities. It also points to the need to understand the relationship between the perceptions of forest-based communities' residents and the quantitative indicators often used by researchers when studying change in these communities. Close

• 27. [Article] Assessing community capacity in Rural America: some lessons from two rural observatories

  Building community capacity is a central concern of both policymakers and community residents. Both want to understand why some communities are more successful in achieving positive social, economic and ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Assessing community capacity in Rural America: some lessons from two rural observatories Author: Marre, Alexander, Weber, Bruce Building community capacity is a central concern of both policymakers and community residents. Both want to understand why some communities are more successful in achieving positive social, economic and environmental outcomes, and how to increase the capacity of communities to achieve these outcomes. This is particularly true in communities that face the most difficult economic challenges: central cities of large metropolitan areas and remote rural communities. Most attempts to define, assess and build community capacity, however, have been undertaken in urban neighborhoods. While there is much to learn from these studies of urban places, there are distinctive characteristics and dynamics of rural communities that introduce unique challenges to the assessment and building of community capacity. Two efforts to study rural communities and assess their “capacity” in rural North America are reviewed in this paper: the New Rural Economy (NRE) Rural Observatory of the Canadian Rural Revitalization Foundation and the social capital community assessments of rural Central Oregon communities in the Ventures Program funded by the Northwest Area Foundation. The NRE Rural Observatory, initiated in 1998, is a university-based research effort that involves contractual commitments with 23 rural communities in Canada – selected to represent the diversity of rural places in Canada along several dimensions – to monitor social and economic change and governance in these places. The Ventures Program, initiated in 1999, is a foundation/community partnership program that establishes long-term (10-year) commitments in 5 rural areas in the Western United States in order to encourage poverty-reduction strategies that will yield long-term impact. The project included assessments of community life in each of the participating communities using the Social Capital Community Benchmark Surveys. This paper reviews literature on community capacity and related concepts, then examines the New Rural Economy Rural Observatory and community social capital assessments of Central Oregon Ventures program for lessons that can inform the understanding of these concepts in the rural United States. Drawing on publications and reports from these programs and input from the principals, the paper focuses on the criteria used to select rural communities, local participation in project design and data collection, and the measures used to assess community capacity in the projects. The goal is to generate knowledge leading to policies supportive of sustainable rural places. Title: Assessing community capacity in Rural America: some lessons from two rural observatories Author: Marre, Alexander, Weber, Bruce Building community capacity is a central concern of both policymakers and community residents. Both want to understand why some communities are more successful in achieving positive social, economic and environmental outcomes, and how to increase the capacity of communities to achieve these outcomes. This is particularly true in communities that face the most difficult economic challenges: central cities of large metropolitan areas and remote rural communities. Most attempts to define, assess and build community capacity, however, have been undertaken in urban neighborhoods. While there is much to learn from these studies of urban places, there are distinctive characteristics and dynamics of rural communities that introduce unique challenges to the assessment and building of community capacity. Two efforts to study rural communities and assess their “capacity” in rural North America are reviewed in this paper: the New Rural Economy (NRE) Rural Observatory of the Canadian Rural Revitalization Foundation and the social capital community assessments of rural Central Oregon communities in the Ventures Program funded by the Northwest Area Foundation. The NRE Rural Observatory, initiated in 1998, is a university-based research effort that involves contractual commitments with 23 rural communities in Canada – selected to represent the diversity of rural places in Canada along several dimensions – to monitor social and economic change and governance in these places. The Ventures Program, initiated in 1999, is a foundation/community partnership program that establishes long-term (10-year) commitments in 5 rural areas in the Western United States in order to encourage poverty-reduction strategies that will yield long-term impact. The project included assessments of community life in each of the participating communities using the Social Capital Community Benchmark Surveys. This paper reviews literature on community capacity and related concepts, then examines the New Rural Economy Rural Observatory and community social capital assessments of Central Oregon Ventures program for lessons that can inform the understanding of these concepts in the rural United States. Drawing on publications and reports from these programs and input from the principals, the paper focuses on the criteria used to select rural communities, local participation in project design and data collection, and the measures used to assess community capacity in the projects. The goal is to generate knowledge leading to policies supportive of sustainable rural places. Close

• 28. [Article] Barriers to Community Involvement across Rural and Urban Communities

  Many communities emphasize participatory involvement in local development or reinvention efforts. Recognizing barriers among specific groups could help community leaders identify what may be constraining ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Barriers to Community Involvement across Rural and Urban Communities Author: Torgerson, Melissa Many communities emphasize participatory involvement in local development or reinvention efforts. Recognizing barriers among specific groups could help community leaders identify what may be constraining underrepresented groups from joining in. Utilizing data from the Social Capital Benchmark Survey, this research examined identified “barriers” to community involvement among individuals in rural and urban areas. Results indicated that while rurality reduced perceived obstacles among the general population, particular characteristics uniquely impact the way individuals identify barriers to community involvement within rural and urban places. This analysis not only identifies targeted barriers for communities to address, but also highlights areas where further placebased research could be beneficial. Title: Barriers to Community Involvement across Rural and Urban Communities Author: Torgerson, Melissa Many communities emphasize participatory involvement in local development or reinvention efforts. Recognizing barriers among specific groups could help community leaders identify what may be constraining underrepresented groups from joining in. Utilizing data from the Social Capital Benchmark Survey, this research examined identified “barriers” to community involvement among individuals in rural and urban areas. Results indicated that while rurality reduced perceived obstacles among the general population, particular characteristics uniquely impact the way individuals identify barriers to community involvement within rural and urban places. This analysis not only identifies targeted barriers for communities to address, but also highlights areas where further placebased research could be beneficial. Close

• 29. [Article] Legislators' perceptions about community colleges' use of alternative funding sources to solve budget shortfalls

  The purpose of this study was to discern the nature of legislators' perceptions about community colleges' abilities to generate revenues through alternative funding sources and the resultant effects on ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Legislators' perceptions about community colleges' use of alternative funding sources to solve budget shortfalls Author: Klimes, Debra S.E. The purpose of this study was to discern the nature of legislators' perceptions about community colleges' abilities to generate revenues through alternative funding sources and the resultant effects on state allocations to these colleges. Selected community college-related staff members and legislative staff members in Idaho and Oregon were asked to independently name three to five Idaho and Oregon legislators whom they perceived as having the most influence on community college funding. Out of the sixteen legislators who were nominated, eight were selected to participate in the study. The research identified: (a) important factors that influence legislative decision making which community colleges may affect, and (b) expectations of legislators about community colleges' abilities to acquire alternative funding and the purposes for seeking alternative funds. The following were specific findings of the study: Alternative Funding is a Given The pressure to find alternative funding for community colleges is likely to continue. Seeking alternative funding will be expected in the future by legislators even in good financial times; community college administrators should plan to invest in this process for the long run. Collegial Relationships Among Legislators A significant implication for practice from this research was the impact various individual relationships had on legislators. Legislators in the study described how trusting relationships with key people were integral to the input they obtained and considered in making funding decisions. These relationships included: (a) community college presidents and staff, (b) their colleagues, (c) legislative staff, and (d) agency staff. Community Colleges Must Let Legislators Know What They Want and Plan Ahead Legislators wanted community colleges to be forthcoming about what their long term fiscal and legislative needs, and legislators wanted them presented in priority order. Knowing community colleges' strategic goals and what their long-term plans were for at least five years could help legislators understand the larger fiscal picture and provide a better sense of where the future of community colleges was in their states. In turn, legislators could be watching for funding opportunities for community colleges, inform community colleges about consequences of plans they were making, and help community colleges do better problem-solving as issues occur. Educational Systems Need to Unify Toward the Common Goal Legislators were looking for funding solutions across the educational system. Legislators noted that they would have more confidence in the validity of the requests made of them if education entities -- K-12, community colleges, four-year colleges, and universities – showed the legislators that they were working together as a unified group. According to one legislator, educational institutions need to "marry" across systems so they'll "gain political strength." When systems plan strategically together, legislators are more likely to understand and plan for their needs. The legislators in this study exhibited similar decision making styles, perceptions of community college funding, and expectations about community colleges' responsibilities for acquiring alternative funding to make up for funding shortfalls. Title: Legislators' perceptions about community colleges' use of alternative funding sources to solve budget shortfalls Author: Klimes, Debra S.E. The purpose of this study was to discern the nature of legislators' perceptions about community colleges' abilities to generate revenues through alternative funding sources and the resultant effects on state allocations to these colleges. Selected community college-related staff members and legislative staff members in Idaho and Oregon were asked to independently name three to five Idaho and Oregon legislators whom they perceived as having the most influence on community college funding. Out of the sixteen legislators who were nominated, eight were selected to participate in the study. The research identified: (a) important factors that influence legislative decision making which community colleges may affect, and (b) expectations of legislators about community colleges' abilities to acquire alternative funding and the purposes for seeking alternative funds. The following were specific findings of the study: Alternative Funding is a Given The pressure to find alternative funding for community colleges is likely to continue. Seeking alternative funding will be expected in the future by legislators even in good financial times; community college administrators should plan to invest in this process for the long run. Collegial Relationships Among Legislators A significant implication for practice from this research was the impact various individual relationships had on legislators. Legislators in the study described how trusting relationships with key people were integral to the input they obtained and considered in making funding decisions. These relationships included: (a) community college presidents and staff, (b) their colleagues, (c) legislative staff, and (d) agency staff. Community Colleges Must Let Legislators Know What They Want and Plan Ahead Legislators wanted community colleges to be forthcoming about what their long term fiscal and legislative needs, and legislators wanted them presented in priority order. Knowing community colleges' strategic goals and what their long-term plans were for at least five years could help legislators understand the larger fiscal picture and provide a better sense of where the future of community colleges was in their states. In turn, legislators could be watching for funding opportunities for community colleges, inform community colleges about consequences of plans they were making, and help community colleges do better problem-solving as issues occur. Educational Systems Need to Unify Toward the Common Goal Legislators were looking for funding solutions across the educational system. Legislators noted that they would have more confidence in the validity of the requests made of them if education entities -- K-12, community colleges, four-year colleges, and universities – showed the legislators that they were working together as a unified group. According to one legislator, educational institutions need to "marry" across systems so they'll "gain political strength." When systems plan strategically together, legislators are more likely to understand and plan for their needs. The legislators in this study exhibited similar decision making styles, perceptions of community college funding, and expectations about community colleges' responsibilities for acquiring alternative funding to make up for funding shortfalls. Close

• 30. [Article] The role of Oregon community colleges in economic development as perceived by community college faculty and administrators and the business community which they serve

  Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate areas of consensus and differences among Oregon community college faculty, administrators, and their business community on the desired role of the ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The role of Oregon community colleges in economic development as perceived by community college faculty and administrators and the business community which they serve Author: Kingry, Larry Kit Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate areas of consensus and differences among Oregon community college faculty, administrators, and their business community on the desired role of the community college and the perceived current role in economic development as defined by selected economic development activities. Methods and Procedures: Twenty-three economic development activities were identified in a review of the literature that were useful in defining the role of community colleges in economic development. Mail out survey instruments were constructed utilizing the twenty-three activities. Respondents were asked to rate each activity as to the level of emphasis that was presently occurring and to the level of importance that it should be emphasized in the community college. Data were collected from 288 individuals representing four groups (full-time faculty, part-time faculty, administrators, and business community members). Subjects were randomly selected from two community college classifications (small community colleges and large community colleges) in proportion to their group's representation in the population, and from the business population geographically located in the corresponding community college service districts. ANOVA statistical tests, t-tests and rank order analysis were the methods used to analyze the data for interpretation. Findings and Conclusions: There was a high degree of consensus among the administrator, full-time faculty, part-time faculty, and business community groups as to the current emphasis and desired emphasis on the twenty-three selected economic development activities in Oregon community colleges. When perceptual differences occurred among the four groups on what was occurring and what should be occurring, in relation to the selected economic development activities, administrators and full-time faculty tended to respond alike. Likewise, the part-time faculty and the business community tended to respond alike. The administrators and business community responded differently more than any other paired group. All groups tended to support the view that the community colleges should be placing more importance on the selected economic development activities than what was occurring. Vocational faculty and nonvocational faculty tended to perceive the same level of importance of the selected economic development activities. There was an obvious discrepancy between the lack of knowledge expressed by the business community and part-time faculty versus the greater knowledge expressed by the community college administrators and full-time faculty on the community colleges' activity in performing the economic development role. Title: The role of Oregon community colleges in economic development as perceived by community college faculty and administrators and the business community which they serve Author: Kingry, Larry Kit Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate areas of consensus and differences among Oregon community college faculty, administrators, and their business community on the desired role of the community college and the perceived current role in economic development as defined by selected economic development activities. Methods and Procedures: Twenty-three economic development activities were identified in a review of the literature that were useful in defining the role of community colleges in economic development. Mail out survey instruments were constructed utilizing the twenty-three activities. Respondents were asked to rate each activity as to the level of emphasis that was presently occurring and to the level of importance that it should be emphasized in the community college. Data were collected from 288 individuals representing four groups (full-time faculty, part-time faculty, administrators, and business community members). Subjects were randomly selected from two community college classifications (small community colleges and large community colleges) in proportion to their group's representation in the population, and from the business population geographically located in the corresponding community college service districts. ANOVA statistical tests, t-tests and rank order analysis were the methods used to analyze the data for interpretation. Findings and Conclusions: There was a high degree of consensus among the administrator, full-time faculty, part-time faculty, and business community groups as to the current emphasis and desired emphasis on the twenty-three selected economic development activities in Oregon community colleges. When perceptual differences occurred among the four groups on what was occurring and what should be occurring, in relation to the selected economic development activities, administrators and full-time faculty tended to respond alike. Likewise, the part-time faculty and the business community tended to respond alike. The administrators and business community responded differently more than any other paired group. All groups tended to support the view that the community colleges should be placing more importance on the selected economic development activities than what was occurring. Vocational faculty and nonvocational faculty tended to perceive the same level of importance of the selected economic development activities. There was an obvious discrepancy between the lack of knowledge expressed by the business community and part-time faculty versus the greater knowledge expressed by the community college administrators and full-time faculty on the community colleges' activity in performing the economic development role. Close

• 31. [Article] A comparison of freshmen attending selected Oregon community colleges and Oregon State University in terms of interests, values, and manifest needs

  The primary purpose of this study was to determine whether there were significant differences between Oregon community college collegiate freshmen and Oregon State University freshmen in terms of interest, ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: A comparison of freshmen attending selected Oregon community colleges and Oregon State University in terms of interests, values, and manifest needs Author: Howard, Lorraine Harris The primary purpose of this study was to determine whether there were significant differences between Oregon community college collegiate freshmen and Oregon State University freshmen in terms of interest, values, and manifest needs. The study was limited to a representative sample of the freshman population in the lower-division collegiate program at three selected Oregon community colleges and to a representative sample of Oregon State University. The Strong Vocational Interest Blank for Men, the Allport-Vernon-Lindzey Study of Values, the Edwards Personal Preference Schedule, and a Personal Data Schedule were administered to 499 first-term male and female freshmen who were enrolled at these institutions for the fall term of 1963. The responses of the freshmen on the psychological tests were treated statistically by analysis of variance, and the responses on the Personal Data Schedule were converted to percentages and analyzed using the t-test. Significant differences were evident among the responses of the Oregon State University and community college males and females on the Personal Data Schedule. There were 32 items that differentiated between the community college and Oregon State University males at the 1 percent level and six items at the 5 percent level. There were 28 items that differentiated between the community college females at the 1 percent level and four that differentiated at the 5 percent level. On the Study of Values, Oregon State University males showed a higher mean score on the Theoretical scale than did the community college males. On the Social scale the community college males had a higher mean score than that of the Oregon State University males. Females at Oregon State University showed a higher mean score on the Economic scale than did the community college females, while the community college females had a higher mean score on the Religious scale than did the females at Oregon State University. There were many significant differences between the interests of Oregon State University males and community college males. Males at Oregon State University had substantially higher interest scores on the Strong Vocational Interest Inventory than did the community college males in Groups I and II, while community college males had considerably higher interest scores than did Oregon State University males in Groups VIII and IX. None of the scores on the occupational scales yielded significant differences among the mean scores of females attending Oregon State University and the community college females. Scores on the non-occupational scales, the Specialization Level and Occupational Level, differentiated between Oregon State University and community college males. The Oregon State University males scored higher than the community college males on both of these scales. The Occupational Level scale differentiated between Oregon State University and community college females and the Oregon State University females obtained the higher mean score. The least amount of difference between the mean occupational scores of the community college males and the mean occupational scores of Oregon State University males in the various major schools was found in the scores of the humanities majors when the miscellaneous category was excluded from the comparison. The greatest discrepancy in these occupational scores was found in the responses of males in engineering and science. The scores of the Oregon State University females in education most closely resembled the scores of the community college females, and the occupational scores of females that were least like the scores of community college females were those of the females in business and technology. Responses on the Study of Values and the Strong Vocational Interest Inventory indicated marked differences with respect to population characteristics in interests and values of freshmen attending community colleges and of freshmen attending Oregon State University. However, the responses on the Edwards Personal Preference Schedule show no evidence of differences among the personality characteristics of the freshmen. Title: A comparison of freshmen attending selected Oregon community colleges and Oregon State University in terms of interests, values, and manifest needs Author: Howard, Lorraine Harris The primary purpose of this study was to determine whether there were significant differences between Oregon community college collegiate freshmen and Oregon State University freshmen in terms of interest, values, and manifest needs. The study was limited to a representative sample of the freshman population in the lower-division collegiate program at three selected Oregon community colleges and to a representative sample of Oregon State University. The Strong Vocational Interest Blank for Men, the Allport-Vernon-Lindzey Study of Values, the Edwards Personal Preference Schedule, and a Personal Data Schedule were administered to 499 first-term male and female freshmen who were enrolled at these institutions for the fall term of 1963. The responses of the freshmen on the psychological tests were treated statistically by analysis of variance, and the responses on the Personal Data Schedule were converted to percentages and analyzed using the t-test. Significant differences were evident among the responses of the Oregon State University and community college males and females on the Personal Data Schedule. There were 32 items that differentiated between the community college and Oregon State University males at the 1 percent level and six items at the 5 percent level. There were 28 items that differentiated between the community college females at the 1 percent level and four that differentiated at the 5 percent level. On the Study of Values, Oregon State University males showed a higher mean score on the Theoretical scale than did the community college males. On the Social scale the community college males had a higher mean score than that of the Oregon State University males. Females at Oregon State University showed a higher mean score on the Economic scale than did the community college females, while the community college females had a higher mean score on the Religious scale than did the females at Oregon State University. There were many significant differences between the interests of Oregon State University males and community college males. Males at Oregon State University had substantially higher interest scores on the Strong Vocational Interest Inventory than did the community college males in Groups I and II, while community college males had considerably higher interest scores than did Oregon State University males in Groups VIII and IX. None of the scores on the occupational scales yielded significant differences among the mean scores of females attending Oregon State University and the community college females. Scores on the non-occupational scales, the Specialization Level and Occupational Level, differentiated between Oregon State University and community college males. The Oregon State University males scored higher than the community college males on both of these scales. The Occupational Level scale differentiated between Oregon State University and community college females and the Oregon State University females obtained the higher mean score. The least amount of difference between the mean occupational scores of the community college males and the mean occupational scores of Oregon State University males in the various major schools was found in the scores of the humanities majors when the miscellaneous category was excluded from the comparison. The greatest discrepancy in these occupational scores was found in the responses of males in engineering and science. The scores of the Oregon State University females in education most closely resembled the scores of the community college females, and the occupational scores of females that were least like the scores of community college females were those of the females in business and technology. Responses on the Study of Values and the Strong Vocational Interest Inventory indicated marked differences with respect to population characteristics in interests and values of freshmen attending community colleges and of freshmen attending Oregon State University. However, the responses on the Edwards Personal Preference Schedule show no evidence of differences among the personality characteristics of the freshmen. Close

• 32. [Article] Twenty years of research on fungus-microbe-plant interactions on Lyman Glacier forefront – lessons learned and questions yet unanswered

  This is the author's peer-reviewed final manuscript, as accepted by the publisher. The published article is copyrighted by Elsevier and can be found at: http://www.journals.elsevier.com/fungal-ecology/...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Twenty years of research on fungus-microbe-plant interactions on Lyman Glacier forefront – lessons learned and questions yet unanswered Author: Trappe, James M., Strommer, Rauni, Jumpponen, Ari, Cazares, Efren, Brown, Shawn P. This is the author's peer-reviewed final manuscript, as accepted by the publisher. The published article is copyrighted by Elsevier and can be found at: http://www.journals.elsevier.com/fungal-ecology/. Title: Twenty years of research on fungus-microbe-plant interactions on Lyman Glacier forefront – lessons learned and questions yet unanswered Author: Trappe, James M., Strommer, Rauni, Jumpponen, Ari, Cazares, Efren, Brown, Shawn P. This is the author's peer-reviewed final manuscript, as accepted by the publisher. The published article is copyrighted by Elsevier and can be found at: http://www.journals.elsevier.com/fungal-ecology/. Close

• 33. [Article] Two Oregon governors : the role of perceptions in community college state budget development

  The purpose of this phenomenological study is to describe how Oregon governors Barbara Roberts and John Kitzhaber, whose tenures both coincided with the passage and implementation of property tax limitation ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Two Oregon governors : the role of perceptions in community college state budget development Author: Preus, Camille The purpose of this phenomenological study is to describe how Oregon governors Barbara Roberts and John Kitzhaber, whose tenures both coincided with the passage and implementation of property tax limitation measures, determined the community college budgets within their recommended state budgets. The stories of Robert’s 1993 and Kitzhaber’s 2001 decisions are explored and analyzed to assess what influences, experiences, and information impacted each governor’s decision-making for community college funding. This study confirms the role of the governor in the budget decision-making process as one of ‘chief legislator’ or arbiter of the final budget. The findings call for community college leaders to get to know their governors and those individuals close to the governor who are responsible for providing advice on education and community college policies and budgets. Interactions should lead to a clear understanding of the administration’s policy priorities and the placement of education and community colleges among those priorities. Greater knowledge of the priorities will enable community college leaders to build a relationship grounded in a recognition and awareness of these priorities and provide the basis for influencing the governor’s overall perception of community colleges. Development of community college messages should be framed around the governor’s perceptions and priorities for optimal impact. This study finds that there are other influential players in the state-level budget development and decision-making process. As discussed above, the policy advisors close to the governor provided important influences of perception and decisionmaking. Community college leaders must build relationships with a governor’s education policy advisors, as they have access and opportunity to influence the governor’s perceptions and decisions, since they act as translators, interceptors and gatekeepers. Successful relationships with education policy advisors will lead to better understanding of policy priorities and, again, the ability to frame the community college message for maximum influence and impact. Community college leaders must also be familiar with the state-level budgeting process and timeline to ensure that the messages are most effectively delivered and within the established timeframe. Title: Two Oregon governors : the role of perceptions in community college state budget development Author: Preus, Camille The purpose of this phenomenological study is to describe how Oregon governors Barbara Roberts and John Kitzhaber, whose tenures both coincided with the passage and implementation of property tax limitation measures, determined the community college budgets within their recommended state budgets. The stories of Robert’s 1993 and Kitzhaber’s 2001 decisions are explored and analyzed to assess what influences, experiences, and information impacted each governor’s decision-making for community college funding. This study confirms the role of the governor in the budget decision-making process as one of ‘chief legislator’ or arbiter of the final budget. The findings call for community college leaders to get to know their governors and those individuals close to the governor who are responsible for providing advice on education and community college policies and budgets. Interactions should lead to a clear understanding of the administration’s policy priorities and the placement of education and community colleges among those priorities. Greater knowledge of the priorities will enable community college leaders to build a relationship grounded in a recognition and awareness of these priorities and provide the basis for influencing the governor’s overall perception of community colleges. Development of community college messages should be framed around the governor’s perceptions and priorities for optimal impact. This study finds that there are other influential players in the state-level budget development and decision-making process. As discussed above, the policy advisors close to the governor provided important influences of perception and decisionmaking. Community college leaders must build relationships with a governor’s education policy advisors, as they have access and opportunity to influence the governor’s perceptions and decisions, since they act as translators, interceptors and gatekeepers. Successful relationships with education policy advisors will lead to better understanding of policy priorities and, again, the ability to frame the community college message for maximum influence and impact. Community college leaders must also be familiar with the state-level budgeting process and timeline to ensure that the messages are most effectively delivered and within the established timeframe. Close

• 34. [Article] Ecology of riparian plant communities in southern Malheur National Forest

  Riparian communities in the southern portion of Malheur National Forest were intensively studied with the objective of designing an approach for classifying disturbed riparian areas into units of similar ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Ecology of riparian plant communities in southern Malheur National Forest Author: Padgett, Wayne G. Riparian communities in the southern portion of Malheur National Forest were intensively studied with the objective of designing an approach for classifying disturbed riparian areas into units of similar potential. Not all riparian community types in this portion of the Blue Mountains were sampled due to time limitations. Some of the major community types sampled included: Baltic rush (Juncus balticus) communities; Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis) communities; beaked sedge (Carex rostrata) communities; water sedge (Carex aquatilis) communities; mountain alder (Alnus incana) communities; and various willow communities (Salix geyeriana, Salix exigua ssp. exigua, Salix rigida var. mackenziana, and Salix lemmonii). Sites were selected to maximize geographic variation. Piezometers were placed at each site to determine depth to water table. Soil temperature at depths of 15 cm and 50 cm and water table depth were measured semi-weekly. Plant frequency and understory cover by species were determined using 25 cm square plot frames along three 10 m transects in each community sampled. Belt transects were run to determine tree and shrub densities. Tree cover was determined using a hand-held densiometer and the line-intercept method was used for shrub cover. Soils were described and samples were collected from each horizon for laboratory determination of percent organic carbon, soil texture, and reaction (pH). Ordinations of plant communities and plant species were calculated using the DECORANA program for detrended correspondence analysis. The first axis of ordination arranged both species and communities along a moisture gradient. This was verified by correlation analysis as well as through canonical correlation of a species matrix and an environmental matrix. Stand ordination tables combined with water table and soils data were employed in separating these communities into units of similar vegetative potential (Riparian dominance types). Use of these riparian dominance types may improve management of riparian zones in this part of the Blue Mountains and the use of these types is encouraged. Title: Ecology of riparian plant communities in southern Malheur National Forest Author: Padgett, Wayne G. Riparian communities in the southern portion of Malheur National Forest were intensively studied with the objective of designing an approach for classifying disturbed riparian areas into units of similar potential. Not all riparian community types in this portion of the Blue Mountains were sampled due to time limitations. Some of the major community types sampled included: Baltic rush (Juncus balticus) communities; Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis) communities; beaked sedge (Carex rostrata) communities; water sedge (Carex aquatilis) communities; mountain alder (Alnus incana) communities; and various willow communities (Salix geyeriana, Salix exigua ssp. exigua, Salix rigida var. mackenziana, and Salix lemmonii). Sites were selected to maximize geographic variation. Piezometers were placed at each site to determine depth to water table. Soil temperature at depths of 15 cm and 50 cm and water table depth were measured semi-weekly. Plant frequency and understory cover by species were determined using 25 cm square plot frames along three 10 m transects in each community sampled. Belt transects were run to determine tree and shrub densities. Tree cover was determined using a hand-held densiometer and the line-intercept method was used for shrub cover. Soils were described and samples were collected from each horizon for laboratory determination of percent organic carbon, soil texture, and reaction (pH). Ordinations of plant communities and plant species were calculated using the DECORANA program for detrended correspondence analysis. The first axis of ordination arranged both species and communities along a moisture gradient. This was verified by correlation analysis as well as through canonical correlation of a species matrix and an environmental matrix. Stand ordination tables combined with water table and soils data were employed in separating these communities into units of similar vegetative potential (Riparian dominance types). Use of these riparian dominance types may improve management of riparian zones in this part of the Blue Mountains and the use of these types is encouraged. Close

• 35. [Article] Do Community Development Financial Institutions Promote Economic Growth in Neighborhoods? A Multi-Metro Area Analysis of Home Values

  2017

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Do Community Development Financial Institutions Promote Economic Growth in Neighborhoods? A Multi-Metro Area Analysis of Home Values Author: McRae, Caitlin 2017 Title: Do Community Development Financial Institutions Promote Economic Growth in Neighborhoods? A Multi-Metro Area Analysis of Home Values Author: McRae, Caitlin 2017 Close

• 36. [Article] Exploring rural people's perceptions of weight-healthy attributes of community place

  (GROW) Healthy Kids and Communities

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Exploring rural people's perceptions of weight-healthy attributes of community place Author: Jamieson, Bridget (GROW) Healthy Kids and Communities Title: Exploring rural people's perceptions of weight-healthy attributes of community place Author: Jamieson, Bridget (GROW) Healthy Kids and Communities Close

• 37. [Article] Transactional analysis applied to a community development issue

  Barth's theory of transactional analysis is applied to the community of Tiller, Oregon and its reaction to a development proposal. Community behavior patterns vis-a-vis the development proposal are examined ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Transactional analysis applied to a community development issue Author: Manolescu, Kathleen M. Barth's theory of transactional analysis is applied to the community of Tiller, Oregon and its reaction to a development proposal. Community behavior patterns vis-a-vis the development proposal are examined from a processual point of view to determine how these patterns are generated. The community's history and contemporary situation are described. Data derived from bibliographic and field research are presented to illustrate transactions involving reciprocity in the community. A generative model is formulated to depict the constraints and incentives channeling decision-making in the transactions. It is concluded that a transactional analysis is an appropriate tool for examining the community development process and for specifying critical elements in development. The analysis revealed cultural evaluations and therefore provided an indirect means for engaging citizen participation and for assessing the development proposal. Title: Transactional analysis applied to a community development issue Author: Manolescu, Kathleen M. Barth's theory of transactional analysis is applied to the community of Tiller, Oregon and its reaction to a development proposal. Community behavior patterns vis-a-vis the development proposal are examined from a processual point of view to determine how these patterns are generated. The community's history and contemporary situation are described. Data derived from bibliographic and field research are presented to illustrate transactions involving reciprocity in the community. A generative model is formulated to depict the constraints and incentives channeling decision-making in the transactions. It is concluded that a transactional analysis is an appropriate tool for examining the community development process and for specifying critical elements in development. The analysis revealed cultural evaluations and therefore provided an indirect means for engaging citizen participation and for assessing the development proposal. Close

• 38. [Article] Variation in communities of ammonia-oxidizing and denitrifying bacteria in Fennoscandian boreal forest soils

  The objective of this study was to examine the variation among ammonia-oxidizing and denitrifying communities in soils of a natural Fennoscandian boreal forest and of a forest with a long history of fertilization ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Variation in communities of ammonia-oxidizing and denitrifying bacteria in Fennoscandian boreal forest soils Author: Ghimire, Rama D. The objective of this study was to examine the variation among ammonia-oxidizing and denitrifying communities in soils of a natural Fennoscandian boreal forest and of a forest with a long history of fertilization with different levels of nitrogen (N), and to examine whether there are any changes in the microbial communities after the termination of N fertilizer. The natural forest at Betsele, Sweden, represents the inherent variation in N supply, plant productivity, and contrasting soil microbial communities. The long-term fertilized forest, Norrliden, represents an on-going N fertilization experiment with up to 34 years of annual N loading at four levels of ammonium nitrate additions, of which the highest was terminated 14 years ago. Although many studies in the past have been done with microbial communities related to the N cycle, the effect of N and N fertilizer on the ammonia-oxidizing and denitrifying communities is still unclear. Terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP), a fingerprinting method, was used to examine the variation of the ammonia-oxidizer and the denitrifier communities. Functional biomarkers, the amoA gene for ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and the nirK, nirS and nosZ genes for denitrifying bacteria, were subjected to PCR amplification. Amplification of ammonia-oxidizers was more successful in the soils with a higher level of N. The AOB community could be assessed only within the two fertilized plots, which showed a difference in the communities with different level of N fertilization. The difference in denitrifying communities regarding the nitrite reductase (nirK and nirS) and nitrous oxide reductase (nosZ) genes were found to be associated with pH and organic matter concentration in the natural forest at Betsele, followed by nitrate and ammonium concentrations. In the case of the fertilized forest, Norrliden, the community difference was driven predominantly by nitrate and ammonium concentrations, and pH. A fertilization effect was found in the nirK communities but this was less apparent with the nirS communities. The nosZ communities showed fertilization effects. The nirK and nirS communities each represent a part of the denitrifying community whereas the nosZ communities gave the entire picture of the denitrifying communities. Nevertheless, the nirS, nirK, and nosZ communities were all significantly correlated. A shift in the nosZ community was observed towards the control and less fertilized plots after the cessation of the fertilizer at Norrliden. The study of these functional genes provided insight about the variability of the microbial communities responsible for regulating important steps in the N cycle. Title: Variation in communities of ammonia-oxidizing and denitrifying bacteria in Fennoscandian boreal forest soils Author: Ghimire, Rama D. The objective of this study was to examine the variation among ammonia-oxidizing and denitrifying communities in soils of a natural Fennoscandian boreal forest and of a forest with a long history of fertilization with different levels of nitrogen (N), and to examine whether there are any changes in the microbial communities after the termination of N fertilizer. The natural forest at Betsele, Sweden, represents the inherent variation in N supply, plant productivity, and contrasting soil microbial communities. The long-term fertilized forest, Norrliden, represents an on-going N fertilization experiment with up to 34 years of annual N loading at four levels of ammonium nitrate additions, of which the highest was terminated 14 years ago. Although many studies in the past have been done with microbial communities related to the N cycle, the effect of N and N fertilizer on the ammonia-oxidizing and denitrifying communities is still unclear. Terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP), a fingerprinting method, was used to examine the variation of the ammonia-oxidizer and the denitrifier communities. Functional biomarkers, the amoA gene for ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and the nirK, nirS and nosZ genes for denitrifying bacteria, were subjected to PCR amplification. Amplification of ammonia-oxidizers was more successful in the soils with a higher level of N. The AOB community could be assessed only within the two fertilized plots, which showed a difference in the communities with different level of N fertilization. The difference in denitrifying communities regarding the nitrite reductase (nirK and nirS) and nitrous oxide reductase (nosZ) genes were found to be associated with pH and organic matter concentration in the natural forest at Betsele, followed by nitrate and ammonium concentrations. In the case of the fertilized forest, Norrliden, the community difference was driven predominantly by nitrate and ammonium concentrations, and pH. A fertilization effect was found in the nirK communities but this was less apparent with the nirS communities. The nosZ communities showed fertilization effects. The nirK and nirS communities each represent a part of the denitrifying community whereas the nosZ communities gave the entire picture of the denitrifying communities. Nevertheless, the nirS, nirK, and nosZ communities were all significantly correlated. A shift in the nosZ community was observed towards the control and less fertilized plots after the cessation of the fertilizer at Norrliden. The study of these functional genes provided insight about the variability of the microbial communities responsible for regulating important steps in the N cycle. Close

• 39. [Article] Breeding bird community composition in relation to riparian vegetation structure in grazed habitats

  Riparian zones provide habitat for breeding birds in the semiarid western United States; however, there are few data available that address the effects of livestock grazing strategies on riparian habitats ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Breeding bird community composition in relation to riparian vegetation structure in grazed habitats Author: Sanders, Todd Alan Riparian zones provide habitat for breeding birds in the semiarid western United States; however, there are few data available that address the effects of livestock grazing strategies on riparian habitats and avian communities. Documenting avian community composition in different riparian vegetation communities and relating vegetation communities to livestock grazing strategies may identify management alternatives that are sustainable from a wildlife habitat perspective, and may permit constructive coalitions between agricultural industry and environmental groups. I compared diurnal breeding bird abundance, individual species abundance, and species richness, and vegetation composition and structure among 12 streamside riparian areas of Bear and Silvies valleys in eastern Oregon during 1993 and 1994. Bird and vegetation data were collected along four replicate transects within each of three riparian vegetation communities characterized by vegetation structure: herbaceous, discontinuous willow (Salix spp.), and continuous willow. These riparian vegetation communities were grazed under summer season-long, summer short-duration, and fall short-duration livestock grazing strategies, respectively, >5 years before the study. Differences in riparian vegetation among communities were primarily related to shrub structure by experimental design. The continuous willow community had more shrub cover overall (P<0.001) and within each 1-m height interval from 0-4 m (P<0.013) than the herbaceous and discontinuous willow communities. The herbaceous community had no shrub cover >1 m in height. Willows extended farther (P=0.031) from the steam edge in the continuous willow community than in the discontinuous willow community. No willows were detected in the herbaceous community. I detected 4,016 birds representing 56 species along the transects. Total bird abundance was greater (P<0.001) in the continuous willow community than in the herbaceous and discontinuous willow communities. Species richness was inconsistent (P=0.034) between years within communities; it was greatest (P<0.037) in the continuous and discontinuous willow communities in 1993, and greatest (P<0.003) in the continuous willow community in 1994. Total bird abundance and species richness in 1994 increased with willow volume (r²>0.707, P<0.001). Of 23 bird species with >20 individual detections over both years, 13 species were most abundant in one or two vegetation communities (P<0.088). Seven species (yellow warbler [Dendroica petechia], song sparrow [Melospiza melodia], willow flycatcher [Empidonax traillii], American robin [Turdus migratorius], common snipe [Gallinago gallinago], bobolink [Dolichonyx oryzivorus], and Vaux's swift [Chaetura vauxi]) were most abundant in the continuous willow community. Three species (savannah sparrow [Passerculus sandwichensis], black tern [Chlidonias niger], and American wigeon [Anas americana]) were most abundant in the herbaceous community. Willets (Catoptrophorus semipalmatus) were most abundant in the herbaceous and discontinuous willow communities whereas cinnamon teal (A. cyanoptera) were most abundant in the herbaceous and continuous willow communities. Red-winged blackbirds (Ageliaus phoeniceus) were inconsistent (P=0.032) between years within communities: they were most abundant in the continuous willow community in 1993, and most abundant in the continuous willow and herbaceous communities in 1994. Hydrophytic woody vegetation within semiarid rangeland environments increases structural complexity and is associated with avian abundance and diversity. Yellow warblers, willow flycatchers, and song sparrows, which depend on hydrophytic shrubs for nesting almost exclusively in the semiarid West, are especially threatened by the elimination or simplification of woody riparian vegetation. I suggest that riparian vegetation structure and composition, which is associated with avian abundance, species richness, riparian associate bird species, and landscape-level biological diversity, be maintained where possible. Seasonal light (<30% use) fall short-duration grazing seemed to be compatible with the maintenance of woody riparian vegetation whereas summer season-long and summer short-duration grazing is likely incompatible. Title: Breeding bird community composition in relation to riparian vegetation structure in grazed habitats Author: Sanders, Todd Alan Riparian zones provide habitat for breeding birds in the semiarid western United States; however, there are few data available that address the effects of livestock grazing strategies on riparian habitats and avian communities. Documenting avian community composition in different riparian vegetation communities and relating vegetation communities to livestock grazing strategies may identify management alternatives that are sustainable from a wildlife habitat perspective, and may permit constructive coalitions between agricultural industry and environmental groups. I compared diurnal breeding bird abundance, individual species abundance, and species richness, and vegetation composition and structure among 12 streamside riparian areas of Bear and Silvies valleys in eastern Oregon during 1993 and 1994. Bird and vegetation data were collected along four replicate transects within each of three riparian vegetation communities characterized by vegetation structure: herbaceous, discontinuous willow (Salix spp.), and continuous willow. These riparian vegetation communities were grazed under summer season-long, summer short-duration, and fall short-duration livestock grazing strategies, respectively, >5 years before the study. Differences in riparian vegetation among communities were primarily related to shrub structure by experimental design. The continuous willow community had more shrub cover overall (P<0.001) and within each 1-m height interval from 0-4 m (P<0.013) than the herbaceous and discontinuous willow communities. The herbaceous community had no shrub cover >1 m in height. Willows extended farther (P=0.031) from the steam edge in the continuous willow community than in the discontinuous willow community. No willows were detected in the herbaceous community. I detected 4,016 birds representing 56 species along the transects. Total bird abundance was greater (P<0.001) in the continuous willow community than in the herbaceous and discontinuous willow communities. Species richness was inconsistent (P=0.034) between years within communities; it was greatest (P<0.037) in the continuous and discontinuous willow communities in 1993, and greatest (P<0.003) in the continuous willow community in 1994. Total bird abundance and species richness in 1994 increased with willow volume (r²>0.707, P<0.001). Of 23 bird species with >20 individual detections over both years, 13 species were most abundant in one or two vegetation communities (P<0.088). Seven species (yellow warbler [Dendroica petechia], song sparrow [Melospiza melodia], willow flycatcher [Empidonax traillii], American robin [Turdus migratorius], common snipe [Gallinago gallinago], bobolink [Dolichonyx oryzivorus], and Vaux's swift [Chaetura vauxi]) were most abundant in the continuous willow community. Three species (savannah sparrow [Passerculus sandwichensis], black tern [Chlidonias niger], and American wigeon [Anas americana]) were most abundant in the herbaceous community. Willets (Catoptrophorus semipalmatus) were most abundant in the herbaceous and discontinuous willow communities whereas cinnamon teal (A. cyanoptera) were most abundant in the herbaceous and continuous willow communities. Red-winged blackbirds (Ageliaus phoeniceus) were inconsistent (P=0.032) between years within communities: they were most abundant in the continuous willow community in 1993, and most abundant in the continuous willow and herbaceous communities in 1994. Hydrophytic woody vegetation within semiarid rangeland environments increases structural complexity and is associated with avian abundance and diversity. Yellow warblers, willow flycatchers, and song sparrows, which depend on hydrophytic shrubs for nesting almost exclusively in the semiarid West, are especially threatened by the elimination or simplification of woody riparian vegetation. I suggest that riparian vegetation structure and composition, which is associated with avian abundance, species richness, riparian associate bird species, and landscape-level biological diversity, be maintained where possible. Seasonal light (<30% use) fall short-duration grazing seemed to be compatible with the maintenance of woody riparian vegetation whereas summer season-long and summer short-duration grazing is likely incompatible. Close

• 40. [Article] Effects of vegetation and disturbance on fungal communities in the western Cascades of Oregon

  The use of high throughput molecular methods that allow for the study of bacterial communities in environmental samples is commonplace in microbial ecology. Until recently, fungal community ecology has focused ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Effects of vegetation and disturbance on fungal communities in the western Cascades of Oregon Author: Kageyama, Stacie Ann, 1967- The use of high throughput molecular methods that allow for the study of bacterial communities in environmental samples is commonplace in microbial ecology. Until recently, fungal community ecology has focused on isolation, collection of sporocarps, or collection of ectomycorrhizal roots. The techniques used to extract and amplify DNA from environmental samples are relatively new to the world of fungal community ecology. Many fungi are difficult to isolate. Collection and identification of sporocarps and root tips is time-consuming. Sporocarp production may vary from year-to-year. Here, we present three studies using length heterogeneity PCR (LH-PCR) with the general fungal primers ITS1-F and ITS4 for the internal transcribed spacer region of rRNA to examine changes in fungal community composition in response to changes in vegetation, and disturbance events. In the first study, we used LH-PCR to examine differences in fungal community composition along transects from the forest to the meadow sites at two sites in the western Cascades of Oregon. We found dramatic differences in fungal community composition due to vegetation type and found an intermediate community in the transition zone between meadow and forest. In the second and third studies, we used LH-PCR to identify treatment effects in two manipulative experiments. In both studies, LH-PCR allowed us to observe the changes in community dynamics and identify some of the factors involved in community changes following disturbance. In the second study, we found that fungal succession occurred rapidly when cores were transferred to new environments. We also found evidence that succession occurred more slowly when roots were excluded. In the third study, we used bacterial primers in addition to the fungal ITS primers. We found that presence of live roots rather than either aboveground litter inputs or seasonal differences in sampling times were the greatest determinant of both fungal and bacterial communities at the Detritus Input and Removal Treatment plots 6 years after initiation. Title: Effects of vegetation and disturbance on fungal communities in the western Cascades of Oregon Author: Kageyama, Stacie Ann, 1967- The use of high throughput molecular methods that allow for the study of bacterial communities in environmental samples is commonplace in microbial ecology. Until recently, fungal community ecology has focused on isolation, collection of sporocarps, or collection of ectomycorrhizal roots. The techniques used to extract and amplify DNA from environmental samples are relatively new to the world of fungal community ecology. Many fungi are difficult to isolate. Collection and identification of sporocarps and root tips is time-consuming. Sporocarp production may vary from year-to-year. Here, we present three studies using length heterogeneity PCR (LH-PCR) with the general fungal primers ITS1-F and ITS4 for the internal transcribed spacer region of rRNA to examine changes in fungal community composition in response to changes in vegetation, and disturbance events. In the first study, we used LH-PCR to examine differences in fungal community composition along transects from the forest to the meadow sites at two sites in the western Cascades of Oregon. We found dramatic differences in fungal community composition due to vegetation type and found an intermediate community in the transition zone between meadow and forest. In the second and third studies, we used LH-PCR to identify treatment effects in two manipulative experiments. In both studies, LH-PCR allowed us to observe the changes in community dynamics and identify some of the factors involved in community changes following disturbance. In the second study, we found that fungal succession occurred rapidly when cores were transferred to new environments. We also found evidence that succession occurred more slowly when roots were excluded. In the third study, we used bacterial primers in addition to the fungal ITS primers. We found that presence of live roots rather than either aboveground litter inputs or seasonal differences in sampling times were the greatest determinant of both fungal and bacterial communities at the Detritus Input and Removal Treatment plots 6 years after initiation. Close

• 41. [Article] Perceptions of the influence of school-based activities on voter behavior

  The purpose of this case study was to explore the perceptions of school district administrators and members of the community about the influence of school-based activities had on voter behavior. The case ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Perceptions of the influence of school-based activities on voter behavior Author: Borella, AnnLouise The purpose of this case study was to explore the perceptions of school district administrators and members of the community about the influence of school-based activities had on voter behavior. The case study focused on a school district in the Willamette Valley of Oregon. Interviews were held with the school district administrators and taxpayers in the community. The surveyed taxpayers were prominent, influential and well informed about the school district and the community. Three questions were addressed to both the school administrators and taxpayers. (1.) What are the perceptions of the interviewee on the influence of school site activities on voter behavior? (2.) What activities would the interviewee perceive to be most effective in gaining/keeping community support? (3.) Does the interviewee perceive anything unusual about the community in its participation in school site activities and/or non-school activities? It was found that attracting the people to the school site can be a positive influence, provided that the schoolsite is in good order. The activities most effective in gaining/keeping community support were those activities that pulled the widest range of community members to the school site. The administrators perceived the large attendance at school activities as support for the school system rather than the family members supporting the children. Administrators were also aware of a large segment of the community without school-age children, yet no active budgeted plans to reach them had been made. Furthermore, community members felt that the district should live within their budget even though there was large community support for school based activities. The change in demographic characteristics, increased enrollment, and increased property evaluations have caused the community's perception of the school district to become more fiscally conservative. Due to the lack of trust by the taxpayers, the school district needs to be sensitive to the community by furnishing timely information about the how and why public monies are being spent. Title: Perceptions of the influence of school-based activities on voter behavior Author: Borella, AnnLouise The purpose of this case study was to explore the perceptions of school district administrators and members of the community about the influence of school-based activities had on voter behavior. The case study focused on a school district in the Willamette Valley of Oregon. Interviews were held with the school district administrators and taxpayers in the community. The surveyed taxpayers were prominent, influential and well informed about the school district and the community. Three questions were addressed to both the school administrators and taxpayers. (1.) What are the perceptions of the interviewee on the influence of school site activities on voter behavior? (2.) What activities would the interviewee perceive to be most effective in gaining/keeping community support? (3.) Does the interviewee perceive anything unusual about the community in its participation in school site activities and/or non-school activities? It was found that attracting the people to the school site can be a positive influence, provided that the schoolsite is in good order. The activities most effective in gaining/keeping community support were those activities that pulled the widest range of community members to the school site. The administrators perceived the large attendance at school activities as support for the school system rather than the family members supporting the children. Administrators were also aware of a large segment of the community without school-age children, yet no active budgeted plans to reach them had been made. Furthermore, community members felt that the district should live within their budget even though there was large community support for school based activities. The change in demographic characteristics, increased enrollment, and increased property evaluations have caused the community's perception of the school district to become more fiscally conservative. Due to the lack of trust by the taxpayers, the school district needs to be sensitive to the community by furnishing timely information about the how and why public monies are being spent. Close

• 42. [Article] Indicators of Social Vulnerability in Fishing Communities along the West Coast Region of the U.S.

  Social vulnerability is often thought of as a culmination of social factors influencing the susceptibility of various groups to harm and govern their ability to respond. In an effort to identify communities ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Indicators of Social Vulnerability in Fishing Communities along the West Coast Region of the U.S. Author: Miller, Stacey D. Social vulnerability is often thought of as a culmination of social factors influencing the susceptibility of various groups to harm and govern their ability to respond. In an effort to identify communities that may be susceptible to social impacts from changes to fishery policies or fishing conditions, NOAA Fisheries is developing social vulnerability indicators for fishing-dependent communities in five regions within the U.S including the northeast, southeast, west coast, Alaska, and Hawaii. Place-based data from the U.S. decennial census, American Community Survey, NOAA Fisheries, state fish and wildlife agencies, and a myriad of additional sources are included in a factor analysis to identify communities engaged in and reliant on commercial fishing, and to derive indicators of social vulnerability. Using these indicators, 18 communities along the west coast were identified as having high levels of both commercial fishing dependence and social vulnerability, although the drivers varied among communities. This research complements the development of a national vulnerability assessment by using the vulnerability resilience linear conceptual model to evaluate exposure and sensitivity of communities along the west coast to potential policy or environmental changes that affect commercial fishing activity. Title: Indicators of Social Vulnerability in Fishing Communities along the West Coast Region of the U.S. Author: Miller, Stacey D. Social vulnerability is often thought of as a culmination of social factors influencing the susceptibility of various groups to harm and govern their ability to respond. In an effort to identify communities that may be susceptible to social impacts from changes to fishery policies or fishing conditions, NOAA Fisheries is developing social vulnerability indicators for fishing-dependent communities in five regions within the U.S including the northeast, southeast, west coast, Alaska, and Hawaii. Place-based data from the U.S. decennial census, American Community Survey, NOAA Fisheries, state fish and wildlife agencies, and a myriad of additional sources are included in a factor analysis to identify communities engaged in and reliant on commercial fishing, and to derive indicators of social vulnerability. Using these indicators, 18 communities along the west coast were identified as having high levels of both commercial fishing dependence and social vulnerability, although the drivers varied among communities. This research complements the development of a national vulnerability assessment by using the vulnerability resilience linear conceptual model to evaluate exposure and sensitivity of communities along the west coast to potential policy or environmental changes that affect commercial fishing activity. Close

• 43. [Article] Jobs, Natural Amenities, Distance, Population, or Services: What Drives Age- Specific Migration for Small Oregon Communities?

  Declining population is a major concern for rural communities. In many places, out-migration has led to a loss of key services. This essay investigates the role of services, as well as labor markets, ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Jobs, Natural Amenities, Distance, Population, or Services: What Drives Age- Specific Migration for Small Oregon Communities? Author: Wall, Conor Declining population is a major concern for rural communities. In many places, out-migration has led to a loss of key services. This essay investigates the role of services, as well as labor markets, natural amenities, distance to urban areas, and community size, in determining net migration rates for small Oregon communities for the 1990-2000 and 2000-2010 time periods. Estimates of age-specific migration rates for Oregon incorporated places show markedly different patterns for small communities, with such places experiencing severe outmigration among 20-to-24 year-olds, but adding population in older age groups. Regression analysis of net migration in Oregon communities with 1289 people or fewer shows that natural amenities, particularly low rainfall and proximity to open water, are primary drivers of community-specific migration rates. The effects of labor markets and distance to urban centers are found to wane, particularly for working-age migrants, in the 2000-2010 period, with the size of a community becoming a more important determinant of its net migration rate. Access to services, such as grocery stores, however, is found to significantly boost net migration rates and to mitigate the tendency for very small places to suffer net outmigration. Title: Jobs, Natural Amenities, Distance, Population, or Services: What Drives Age- Specific Migration for Small Oregon Communities? Author: Wall, Conor Declining population is a major concern for rural communities. In many places, out-migration has led to a loss of key services. This essay investigates the role of services, as well as labor markets, natural amenities, distance to urban areas, and community size, in determining net migration rates for small Oregon communities for the 1990-2000 and 2000-2010 time periods. Estimates of age-specific migration rates for Oregon incorporated places show markedly different patterns for small communities, with such places experiencing severe outmigration among 20-to-24 year-olds, but adding population in older age groups. Regression analysis of net migration in Oregon communities with 1289 people or fewer shows that natural amenities, particularly low rainfall and proximity to open water, are primary drivers of community-specific migration rates. The effects of labor markets and distance to urban centers are found to wane, particularly for working-age migrants, in the 2000-2010 period, with the size of a community becoming a more important determinant of its net migration rate. Access to services, such as grocery stores, however, is found to significantly boost net migration rates and to mitigate the tendency for very small places to suffer net outmigration. Close

• 44. [Article] Social challenges in managing natural resources in coastal fishing communities

  Two topics concerning fisheries management are considered in this thesis. The first concerns the social values that commercial fishing communities associate with commercial fishing. A survey of residents ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Social challenges in managing natural resources in coastal fishing communities Author: Sharp, Shayla B. Two topics concerning fisheries management are considered in this thesis. The first concerns the social values that commercial fishing communities associate with commercial fishing. A survey of residents from eleven Oregon Coastal fishing communities was conducted to examine the social values associated with the commercial fishing occupation and fishing heritage. Community and social values as they are conceptualized in this study, refer to the attitudes, opinions, and beliefs held by fishers and non-fishers in commercial fishing communities. These values include sentiments about preserving existing ways of life, improving community services, attachment to place, maintaining the natural resource history of the area, and increasing economic opportunities. The second topic examines the extent to which social and community values held by fishing communities are identified and integrated into fishery management decisions. There is little knowledge about the process by which this information is obtained or identified, or whether or not that information is useful - information that could increase the ability of decision-makers, policy makers and managers to comply with the spirit of the amended Magnuson-Stevens Act. The ability in which fisheries managers and decision-makers incorporate, integrate and learn about social values associated with commercial fishing may depend greatly on their understanding of how these values are embedded within communities. Title: Social challenges in managing natural resources in coastal fishing communities Author: Sharp, Shayla B. Two topics concerning fisheries management are considered in this thesis. The first concerns the social values that commercial fishing communities associate with commercial fishing. A survey of residents from eleven Oregon Coastal fishing communities was conducted to examine the social values associated with the commercial fishing occupation and fishing heritage. Community and social values as they are conceptualized in this study, refer to the attitudes, opinions, and beliefs held by fishers and non-fishers in commercial fishing communities. These values include sentiments about preserving existing ways of life, improving community services, attachment to place, maintaining the natural resource history of the area, and increasing economic opportunities. The second topic examines the extent to which social and community values held by fishing communities are identified and integrated into fishery management decisions. There is little knowledge about the process by which this information is obtained or identified, or whether or not that information is useful - information that could increase the ability of decision-makers, policy makers and managers to comply with the spirit of the amended Magnuson-Stevens Act. The ability in which fisheries managers and decision-makers incorporate, integrate and learn about social values associated with commercial fishing may depend greatly on their understanding of how these values are embedded within communities. Close

• 45. [Article] Barriers that influence the decision of semiconductor specialists to teach part-time at community colleges

  There is a shortage of qualified community college technical instructors in new and emerging technologies. The purpose of this study was to investigate the barriers that may affect the decision of semiconductor ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Barriers that influence the decision of semiconductor specialists to teach part-time at community colleges Author: Smith, David E., 1943- There is a shortage of qualified community college technical instructors in new and emerging technologies. The purpose of this study was to investigate the barriers that may affect the decision of semiconductor specialists to teach part-time at community colleges. The desired outcome is to enable community colleges to increase the pool of part-time faculty from the semiconductor industry. This study identified four primary barriers that could affect an individual's decision to teach: (a) interest in teaching, (b) self-efficacy, (c) awareness of teaching opportunities, and (d) faculty development. As community colleges seek to fill the increasing demand for part-time technical instructors, industry seeks to increase its ranks of technical employees. A survey of technical specialists from the semiconductor industry showed high levels of professional experience, interest in teaching, and various experiences in teaching. An important finding of this study, however, was the overwhelming lack of awareness (83%, n=76) of teaching opportunities at community colleges. If community colleges are to increase their pool of part-time technical faculty, it is necessary for technical specialists to be aware that part-time teaching positions are available. If industry is to fill its growing need for qualified technical specialists, it should be willing to share some of the talent of its best employees with the community. Title: Barriers that influence the decision of semiconductor specialists to teach part-time at community colleges Author: Smith, David E., 1943- There is a shortage of qualified community college technical instructors in new and emerging technologies. The purpose of this study was to investigate the barriers that may affect the decision of semiconductor specialists to teach part-time at community colleges. The desired outcome is to enable community colleges to increase the pool of part-time faculty from the semiconductor industry. This study identified four primary barriers that could affect an individual's decision to teach: (a) interest in teaching, (b) self-efficacy, (c) awareness of teaching opportunities, and (d) faculty development. As community colleges seek to fill the increasing demand for part-time technical instructors, industry seeks to increase its ranks of technical employees. A survey of technical specialists from the semiconductor industry showed high levels of professional experience, interest in teaching, and various experiences in teaching. An important finding of this study, however, was the overwhelming lack of awareness (83%, n=76) of teaching opportunities at community colleges. If community colleges are to increase their pool of part-time technical faculty, it is necessary for technical specialists to be aware that part-time teaching positions are available. If industry is to fill its growing need for qualified technical specialists, it should be willing to share some of the talent of its best employees with the community. Close

• 46. [Article] Identification and development of procedures and criteria for self-analysis by community colleges

  The primary objective of this study was to develop a prototype instrument of procedures and criteria to be used by community college s for self-analysis and evaluation purposes. The study grew out of the ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Identification and development of procedures and criteria for self-analysis by community colleges Author: Morris, William Robert The primary objective of this study was to develop a prototype instrument of procedures and criteria to be used by community college s for self-analysis and evaluation purposes. The study grew out of the recognized need to assess and improve the effectiveness and pertinence of community college philosophies, roles and responsibilities, organization, administration and programs. The importance of the study is amplified by the unprecedented growth and development of community colleges throughout the nation. An instrument was developed with assistance from a national advisory committee, a planning committee of Oregon and Washington community college leaders, a research team from the Oregon State System of Higher Education and numerous individuals concerned with community colleges. The instrument was partially field tested in a community college setting. It appears that the instrument can accomplish the analysis purpose for which it was designed. The instrument also appears to have the potential of improving education in community colleges. Additional field testing of the instrument is recommended. Title: Identification and development of procedures and criteria for self-analysis by community colleges Author: Morris, William Robert The primary objective of this study was to develop a prototype instrument of procedures and criteria to be used by community college s for self-analysis and evaluation purposes. The study grew out of the recognized need to assess and improve the effectiveness and pertinence of community college philosophies, roles and responsibilities, organization, administration and programs. The importance of the study is amplified by the unprecedented growth and development of community colleges throughout the nation. An instrument was developed with assistance from a national advisory committee, a planning committee of Oregon and Washington community college leaders, a research team from the Oregon State System of Higher Education and numerous individuals concerned with community colleges. The instrument was partially field tested in a community college setting. It appears that the instrument can accomplish the analysis purpose for which it was designed. The instrument also appears to have the potential of improving education in community colleges. Additional field testing of the instrument is recommended. Close

• 47. [Article] Invisible Possibilities: Poverty Alleviation in Small-scale Fisher Communities

  Abstract Only

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Invisible Possibilities: Poverty Alleviation in Small-scale Fisher Communities Author: Onyango, Paul Abstract Only Title: Invisible Possibilities: Poverty Alleviation in Small-scale Fisher Communities Author: Onyango, Paul Abstract Only Close

• 48. [Article] The development and maintenance of stream community structure and organization

  The goal of this study was to better understand stream communities through a perspective that might make their structure, organization, and development more understandable. This goal was approached through ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The development and maintenance of stream community structure and organization Author: Wevers, Mary Jo The goal of this study was to better understand stream communities through a perspective that might make their structure, organization, and development more understandable. This goal was approached through the following objectives: 1. To determine the assemblages of stream organisms and define subsystems within a stream community. 2. To explain the structure and organization of the subsystems by means of habitat, life history, trophic, and environmental relationships. 3. To explain how the community as a whole and the subsystems develop and persist through immigration, colonization, and subsystem interactions. An organismic perspective of stream communities is utilized in addressing the development and maintenance of stream community structure and organization. The conceptual framework of Warren et al. (1979) provides a perspective which emphasizes the importance of species interrelationships and interdspendencies within a community. This perspective is organismic in that it takes the view that communities exhibit organismic properties. It is hot organismic in the Clementsian sense that communities are metaphorical organisms. A hierarchical scheme of stream community subsystems is presented. Habitat organization is used to define 2° and 3° subsystems. Trophic organization defines 4° subsystems, and other aspects of life history organization define 5° subsystems. Two model streams were employed in this study of stream community structure and organization. The 2° subsystems, shallow riffles, deep riffles, and pools, were sampled for one year following initiation of the experiment. Community organization and development are described in terms of biomass and taxa numbers. Macroinvertebrate biomass and taxa number tended to be greater in riffle habitats than in pool habitats. Biomass in 2° and 3° subsystems generally in creased with time. Taxa number increased until early winter when it declined slightly. Changes in biomass and taxa number in 4° trophic subsystems and 5° species population subsystems are also discussed. Species pool, life history, and colonization determination of stream community structure and organization are addressed. The potential capacity of the stream community resides in the species pool. The pattern of kinds and abundances of species in space and time is partially determined by the life history patterns of the species. Colonizing ability of species populations affects the development and organization of stream communities. Downstream drift and aerial sources of colonists contributed to the colonization of the experimental streams in this study, although the relative importance of the two sources changed through time. Stream habitat and environment play important roles in stream community development and organization by providing shelter or cover and supplying needed resources. As the environment provided by a stream system impinges upon the stream community, there must be concordance between the community and its environment. The climatic parameters light and temperature and autochthonous and allochthonous inputs such as litter fall are discussed as environmental parameters that impinge on the model stream communities. Title: The development and maintenance of stream community structure and organization Author: Wevers, Mary Jo The goal of this study was to better understand stream communities through a perspective that might make their structure, organization, and development more understandable. This goal was approached through the following objectives: 1. To determine the assemblages of stream organisms and define subsystems within a stream community. 2. To explain the structure and organization of the subsystems by means of habitat, life history, trophic, and environmental relationships. 3. To explain how the community as a whole and the subsystems develop and persist through immigration, colonization, and subsystem interactions. An organismic perspective of stream communities is utilized in addressing the development and maintenance of stream community structure and organization. The conceptual framework of Warren et al. (1979) provides a perspective which emphasizes the importance of species interrelationships and interdspendencies within a community. This perspective is organismic in that it takes the view that communities exhibit organismic properties. It is hot organismic in the Clementsian sense that communities are metaphorical organisms. A hierarchical scheme of stream community subsystems is presented. Habitat organization is used to define 2° and 3° subsystems. Trophic organization defines 4° subsystems, and other aspects of life history organization define 5° subsystems. Two model streams were employed in this study of stream community structure and organization. The 2° subsystems, shallow riffles, deep riffles, and pools, were sampled for one year following initiation of the experiment. Community organization and development are described in terms of biomass and taxa numbers. Macroinvertebrate biomass and taxa number tended to be greater in riffle habitats than in pool habitats. Biomass in 2° and 3° subsystems generally in creased with time. Taxa number increased until early winter when it declined slightly. Changes in biomass and taxa number in 4° trophic subsystems and 5° species population subsystems are also discussed. Species pool, life history, and colonization determination of stream community structure and organization are addressed. The potential capacity of the stream community resides in the species pool. The pattern of kinds and abundances of species in space and time is partially determined by the life history patterns of the species. Colonizing ability of species populations affects the development and organization of stream communities. Downstream drift and aerial sources of colonists contributed to the colonization of the experimental streams in this study, although the relative importance of the two sources changed through time. Stream habitat and environment play important roles in stream community development and organization by providing shelter or cover and supplying needed resources. As the environment provided by a stream system impinges upon the stream community, there must be concordance between the community and its environment. The climatic parameters light and temperature and autochthonous and allochthonous inputs such as litter fall are discussed as environmental parameters that impinge on the model stream communities. Close

• 49. [Article] A comparative study of temperate Chamaecyparis forests

  The objectives of this study include: (1) analysis of Chamaecyparis lawsoniana, C. taiwanensis, and C. formosensis forests including the structure, composition, and dynamics of plant communities and their ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: A comparative study of temperate Chamaecyparis forests Author: Hawk, Glenn M. The objectives of this study include: (1) analysis of Chamaecyparis lawsoniana, C. taiwanensis, and C. formosensis forests including the structure, composition, and dynamics of plant communities and their environmental relationships; and (2) comparison of the temperate Chamaecyparis forests of Taiwan and the Pacific Northwest with emphasis on structural and successional characteristics. One vegetation zone with four communities in Taiwan and three zones with eight communities in the Pacific Northwest are described. All communities are defined on the basis of their vegetative differences which arise primarily in response to changes in climate and/or soils. The Chamaecyparis communities show varying degrees of site specificity. The two Taiwan species are sympatric over most of their ranges. Chamaecyparis taiwanensis occurs on high elevation, well drained landforms and on many aspects. The soils are typically podzolized or undifferentiated. Most vigorous forests tend to be in northwestern portions of the generic range. Chamaecyparis formosensis is found at lower elevations, on less well drained and more commonly podzolized soils, and is more restricted to north and northwestern aspects. The most vigorous stands are in the southeastern portion of Its range. Climatic variation is more pronounced in the Pacific Northwest, and Chamaecyparis lawsoniana communities reflect this. In the north, middle and low elevations are occupied by the Tsuga heterophylla-Chamaecyparis lawsoniana/Polystichum munitum-Oxalis oregana community on more mesic areas and by the Tsuga heterophyIh-Chamaecyparls lawsoniana/Rhododendron macrophyllum-Gaultheria shallon community on better drained sites. Both communities occur on sedimentary parent materials within the Tsuga heterophylla Zone. On ultramafic parent material in this zone the Chamaecyparis lawsoniana-Tsuga heterophylla/Xerophyllum tenax community occurs. South and east of the range of Tsuga heterophylla, mixed soils support the Chamaecyparis lawsoniana/Lithocarpus densiflora community as a closed forest, while pure ultramafic substrates are occupied by the open Pinus-Chamaecyparis lawsoniana/Quercus vaccinifolia/Xerophyllum tenax community (both in the Mixed EvergreenZone). At the transition of the Tsuga heterophylla and Abies concolor Zones is the Abies concolor- Tsuga heterophylla-Chamaecyparis lawsoniana community, the lower member of the Abies concolor Zone. South and inland from this transition area and at higher elevations, are the other Abies concolor Zone communities, Abies concolor-Chamaecyparis lawsoniana/herb and mixed Abies-Chamaecyparis lawsoniana/herb. The first of these occurs on mixed soils which include some ultramafics, while the second is primarily on granitic parent materials. Chamaecyparis taiwanensis reproduces well in mature forests, although with much less success in the bamboo community than in the shrub community. Chamaecyparis formosensis reproduces poorly in all mature forests. Hardwoods and bamboo are strong competitors with Chamaecyparis formosensis, which is also less shade tolerant than Chamaecyparis taiwanensis. Chamaecyparis lawsoniana reproduces better than either Taiwan species, in all zones, and in all communities studied. Chamaecyparis lawsoniana density in most size classes is significantly different among communities. Chamaecyparis lawsoniana appears to be relatively better adapted to sub-mesic sites on mixed ultramafic soils than to more mesic sites on other substrates. Chamaecyparis taiwanensis and C. formosensis are interpreted as being quasi-climax species which persist because of their longevity and ability to colonize disturbed areas. Chamaecyparis lawsoniana is interpreted as being a climax species in mesic communities on sedimentary and granitic substrates along with Tsuga heterophylla or Abies concolor, and as a climax dominant on ultramafic substrates where other tree species are relatively more inhibited than Chamaecyparis lawsoniana. Title: A comparative study of temperate Chamaecyparis forests Author: Hawk, Glenn M. The objectives of this study include: (1) analysis of Chamaecyparis lawsoniana, C. taiwanensis, and C. formosensis forests including the structure, composition, and dynamics of plant communities and their environmental relationships; and (2) comparison of the temperate Chamaecyparis forests of Taiwan and the Pacific Northwest with emphasis on structural and successional characteristics. One vegetation zone with four communities in Taiwan and three zones with eight communities in the Pacific Northwest are described. All communities are defined on the basis of their vegetative differences which arise primarily in response to changes in climate and/or soils. The Chamaecyparis communities show varying degrees of site specificity. The two Taiwan species are sympatric over most of their ranges. Chamaecyparis taiwanensis occurs on high elevation, well drained landforms and on many aspects. The soils are typically podzolized or undifferentiated. Most vigorous forests tend to be in northwestern portions of the generic range. Chamaecyparis formosensis is found at lower elevations, on less well drained and more commonly podzolized soils, and is more restricted to north and northwestern aspects. The most vigorous stands are in the southeastern portion of Its range. Climatic variation is more pronounced in the Pacific Northwest, and Chamaecyparis lawsoniana communities reflect this. In the north, middle and low elevations are occupied by the Tsuga heterophylla-Chamaecyparis lawsoniana/Polystichum munitum-Oxalis oregana community on more mesic areas and by the Tsuga heterophyIh-Chamaecyparls lawsoniana/Rhododendron macrophyllum-Gaultheria shallon community on better drained sites. Both communities occur on sedimentary parent materials within the Tsuga heterophylla Zone. On ultramafic parent material in this zone the Chamaecyparis lawsoniana-Tsuga heterophylla/Xerophyllum tenax community occurs. South and east of the range of Tsuga heterophylla, mixed soils support the Chamaecyparis lawsoniana/Lithocarpus densiflora community as a closed forest, while pure ultramafic substrates are occupied by the open Pinus-Chamaecyparis lawsoniana/Quercus vaccinifolia/Xerophyllum tenax community (both in the Mixed EvergreenZone). At the transition of the Tsuga heterophylla and Abies concolor Zones is the Abies concolor- Tsuga heterophylla-Chamaecyparis lawsoniana community, the lower member of the Abies concolor Zone. South and inland from this transition area and at higher elevations, are the other Abies concolor Zone communities, Abies concolor-Chamaecyparis lawsoniana/herb and mixed Abies-Chamaecyparis lawsoniana/herb. The first of these occurs on mixed soils which include some ultramafics, while the second is primarily on granitic parent materials. Chamaecyparis taiwanensis reproduces well in mature forests, although with much less success in the bamboo community than in the shrub community. Chamaecyparis formosensis reproduces poorly in all mature forests. Hardwoods and bamboo are strong competitors with Chamaecyparis formosensis, which is also less shade tolerant than Chamaecyparis taiwanensis. Chamaecyparis lawsoniana reproduces better than either Taiwan species, in all zones, and in all communities studied. Chamaecyparis lawsoniana density in most size classes is significantly different among communities. Chamaecyparis lawsoniana appears to be relatively better adapted to sub-mesic sites on mixed ultramafic soils than to more mesic sites on other substrates. Chamaecyparis taiwanensis and C. formosensis are interpreted as being quasi-climax species which persist because of their longevity and ability to colonize disturbed areas. Chamaecyparis lawsoniana is interpreted as being a climax species in mesic communities on sedimentary and granitic substrates along with Tsuga heterophylla or Abies concolor, and as a climax dominant on ultramafic substrates where other tree species are relatively more inhibited than Chamaecyparis lawsoniana. Close

• 50. [Article] Evaluating the Reach, Effectiveness, and Adoption of an Extension Family & Community Health Program Implemented to Change the Rural Context for Weight Health

  Rural communities face many factors that may contribute to an obesogenic environment which include poorer food options (highly processed, low cost, and energy ­dense), reduced physical activity opportunities ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Evaluating the Reach, Effectiveness, and Adoption of an Extension Family & Community Health Program Implemented to Change the Rural Context for Weight Health Author: Mischkot, Brooke, John, Deborah Rural communities face many factors that may contribute to an obesogenic environment which include poorer food options (highly processed, low cost, and energy ­dense), reduced physical activity opportunities and resources, increased reliance on automobiles, and social aspects such isolation and neighborhood safety. Sub-optimal school contexts hinder students' healthy eating and physical activity before, during and after school. Active school transit is difficult for children in rural communities because of spatial distance to students' homes. Rural communities often have insufficient outdoor and indoor spaces for active recreation. Access, availability and affordability of nutrient ­dense foods such as fruits and vegetables are limited in rural environments. The overarching goal of Generating Rural Options for Weight Healthy Kids and Communities (GROW­ HKC) is to prevent childhood obesity. The 5-year study included selected rural communities within Oregon and five participating Western states (AZ, CO, NM, NV, and WA). One specific aim of the project was to plan, implement and evaluate a multi-level intervention targeting rural home, school, and community contexts to improve eating habits, increase physical activity and improve BMI trends in elementary school-age children. To do so, Extension personnel were trained to support weight healthy community development, participatory action research tools were created and used to assess community resources and readiness, and guide community-driven, environmentally ­based obesity prevention strategies. A process evaluation was implemented to better understand the relationship between Extension intervention efforts and changes to the obesogenic environment. Qualitative data sources, including personnel daily effort and activity logs, and documentation of changes in school and community resources were imported, coded, and analyzed using QSR NVivo 10 to describe community capacity building strategies and activities the GROW staff implemented in the Clackamas County intervention. Domains of capacity buildings that emerged included participation, leadership, problem assessment, and role of the outside agent. Title: Evaluating the Reach, Effectiveness, and Adoption of an Extension Family & Community Health Program Implemented to Change the Rural Context for Weight Health Author: Mischkot, Brooke, John, Deborah Rural communities face many factors that may contribute to an obesogenic environment which include poorer food options (highly processed, low cost, and energy ­dense), reduced physical activity opportunities and resources, increased reliance on automobiles, and social aspects such isolation and neighborhood safety. Sub-optimal school contexts hinder students' healthy eating and physical activity before, during and after school. Active school transit is difficult for children in rural communities because of spatial distance to students' homes. Rural communities often have insufficient outdoor and indoor spaces for active recreation. Access, availability and affordability of nutrient ­dense foods such as fruits and vegetables are limited in rural environments. The overarching goal of Generating Rural Options for Weight Healthy Kids and Communities (GROW­ HKC) is to prevent childhood obesity. The 5-year study included selected rural communities within Oregon and five participating Western states (AZ, CO, NM, NV, and WA). One specific aim of the project was to plan, implement and evaluate a multi-level intervention targeting rural home, school, and community contexts to improve eating habits, increase physical activity and improve BMI trends in elementary school-age children. To do so, Extension personnel were trained to support weight healthy community development, participatory action research tools were created and used to assess community resources and readiness, and guide community-driven, environmentally ­based obesity prevention strategies. A process evaluation was implemented to better understand the relationship between Extension intervention efforts and changes to the obesogenic environment. Qualitative data sources, including personnel daily effort and activity logs, and documentation of changes in school and community resources were imported, coded, and analyzed using QSR NVivo 10 to describe community capacity building strategies and activities the GROW staff implemented in the Clackamas County intervention. Domains of capacity buildings that emerged included participation, leadership, problem assessment, and role of the outside agent. Close

• 51. [Article] A Community-Based Approach to Developing a Mobile Device for Measuring Ambient Air Exposure, Location, and Respiratory Health

  To the best of our knowledge, one or more authors of this paper were federal employees when contributing to this work. This is an author's peer-reviewed final manuscript, as accepted by the publisher. ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: A Community-Based Approach to Developing a Mobile Device for Measuring Ambient Air Exposure, Location, and Respiratory Health Author: Feezel, Paul, Hobbie, Kevin, Arkin, Lisa, Syron, Laura, Sudakin, Daniel, Waters, Katrina M., Scaffidi, Christopher, Haynes, Erin, Kincl, Laurel, Anderson, Kim A., Peterson, Elena S., Rohlman, Diana To the best of our knowledge, one or more authors of this paper were federal employees when contributing to this work. This is an author's peer-reviewed final manuscript, as accepted by the publisher. The published article is copyrighted by Mary Ann Liebert, Inc., and can be found at: http://www.liebertpub.com/overview/environmental-justice/259/ Title: A Community-Based Approach to Developing a Mobile Device for Measuring Ambient Air Exposure, Location, and Respiratory Health Author: Feezel, Paul, Hobbie, Kevin, Arkin, Lisa, Syron, Laura, Sudakin, Daniel, Waters, Katrina M., Scaffidi, Christopher, Haynes, Erin, Kincl, Laurel, Anderson, Kim A., Peterson, Elena S., Rohlman, Diana To the best of our knowledge, one or more authors of this paper were federal employees when contributing to this work. This is an author's peer-reviewed final manuscript, as accepted by the publisher. The published article is copyrighted by Mary Ann Liebert, Inc., and can be found at: http://www.liebertpub.com/overview/environmental-justice/259/ Close

• 52. [Article] Spiritual leadership : voices of women community college presidents

  The purpose of this study is to name and give voice to the spiritual expression of leadership by women community college presidents. The following questions guided the research: (1) How do women community ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Spiritual leadership : voices of women community college presidents Author: Jones, Kristen (Kristen Annette) The purpose of this study is to name and give voice to the spiritual expression of leadership by women community college presidents. The following questions guided the research: (1) How do women community college presidents describe spirituality? (2) How does spirituality convey itself in the reflections, self-expression, and practice of the leadership of women community college presidents? and (3) How do women community college presidents honor which expressions of their spirituality they share with others and which they hold private? The research design included qualitative/interpretive methodology and phenomenological method with five women community college presidents selected using purposeful sampling. Individual themes for each participant were used to create five collective themes to describe the experience of being a woman who incorporates spiritual leadership into her practice as a community college president. The overall themes that emerged were: (1) integrating spirituality into work and life (2) being inclusive (3) building and nurturing relationships (4) engaging in self reflection and (5) doing work with meaning. This study provides insight into the experience of women community college presidents, explains how spiritual leadership is operationalized within the community college context, and offers implications for practice for future and current leaders, those who have the responsibility to select and support leaders, and those who train and prepare leaders. Title: Spiritual leadership : voices of women community college presidents Author: Jones, Kristen (Kristen Annette) The purpose of this study is to name and give voice to the spiritual expression of leadership by women community college presidents. The following questions guided the research: (1) How do women community college presidents describe spirituality? (2) How does spirituality convey itself in the reflections, self-expression, and practice of the leadership of women community college presidents? and (3) How do women community college presidents honor which expressions of their spirituality they share with others and which they hold private? The research design included qualitative/interpretive methodology and phenomenological method with five women community college presidents selected using purposeful sampling. Individual themes for each participant were used to create five collective themes to describe the experience of being a woman who incorporates spiritual leadership into her practice as a community college president. The overall themes that emerged were: (1) integrating spirituality into work and life (2) being inclusive (3) building and nurturing relationships (4) engaging in self reflection and (5) doing work with meaning. This study provides insight into the experience of women community college presidents, explains how spiritual leadership is operationalized within the community college context, and offers implications for practice for future and current leaders, those who have the responsibility to select and support leaders, and those who train and prepare leaders. Close

• 53. [Article] A voice : lived experiences of selected African American community college trustees

  The focus of this study is a search for the voice of African American community college trustees as they work to impact the changes community colleges must make over the next quarter century. It examined ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: A voice : lived experiences of selected African American community college trustees Author: Hendrix, George A. The focus of this study is a search for the voice of African American community college trustees as they work to impact the changes community colleges must make over the next quarter century. It examined the lived experiences and perceptions that selected African American community college trustees have of their roles as trustees and the impact they think they are having on the setting of priorities in the governance of their respective colleges. This topic is significant since, arguably, community colleges are the quintessential democratic institutions in society; their doors are open to everyone. In various ways, community colleges are dynamically responding to the demographic changes that are occurring in American society. Among those changes are an increasing number of African American students entering college, especially community colleges, and an increasing number of African Americans becoming community college trustees. This study found that the elected African American community college trustees who participated in this study are fully integrated into the governance processes of their colleges, but do not think of themselves a being assimilated into the culture of their boards. They believe that they bring a double consciousness to their roles as trustees and that it allows them to perceive governance issues from the perspectives of insiders who are comfortable with the status quo and from the perspective of outsiders who have been traditionally removed from the locus of institutional power. Participants see themselves as representatives of the interests of their colleges as well as representatives of the interests of groups and individuals who have little or no voice in the affairs of their colleges. Participants are long-time community leaders whose influence extends beyond their colleges into their communities; they see themselves as servant leaders dedicated to working for change in society. Title: A voice : lived experiences of selected African American community college trustees Author: Hendrix, George A. The focus of this study is a search for the voice of African American community college trustees as they work to impact the changes community colleges must make over the next quarter century. It examined the lived experiences and perceptions that selected African American community college trustees have of their roles as trustees and the impact they think they are having on the setting of priorities in the governance of their respective colleges. This topic is significant since, arguably, community colleges are the quintessential democratic institutions in society; their doors are open to everyone. In various ways, community colleges are dynamically responding to the demographic changes that are occurring in American society. Among those changes are an increasing number of African American students entering college, especially community colleges, and an increasing number of African Americans becoming community college trustees. This study found that the elected African American community college trustees who participated in this study are fully integrated into the governance processes of their colleges, but do not think of themselves a being assimilated into the culture of their boards. They believe that they bring a double consciousness to their roles as trustees and that it allows them to perceive governance issues from the perspectives of insiders who are comfortable with the status quo and from the perspective of outsiders who have been traditionally removed from the locus of institutional power. Participants see themselves as representatives of the interests of their colleges as well as representatives of the interests of groups and individuals who have little or no voice in the affairs of their colleges. Participants are long-time community leaders whose influence extends beyond their colleges into their communities; they see themselves as servant leaders dedicated to working for change in society. Close

• 54. [Article] Untangling the complexity of nearshore ecosystems : examining issues of scaling and variability in benthic communities

  The objective of this research was to improve our understanding of how changes in the environment affect ecological processes. Change detection is often confounded by the large variation found in ecological ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Untangling the complexity of nearshore ecosystems : examining issues of scaling and variability in benthic communities Author: Schoch, G. Carl The objective of this research was to improve our understanding of how changes in the environment affect ecological processes. Change detection is often confounded by the large variation found in ecological data due to the difficulty of finding replicates in nature. Intertidal communities were chosen for studies of biophysical interactions because the physical gradients are very strong, thus creating complex systems within spatial scales that are easily sampled. The selection of replicate beach habitats was the first step in designing a sampling protocol for comparative analyses of nearshore community structure. A high resolution shoreline partitioning model was developed to quantify the physical attributes of homogeneous shoreline segments and to statistically cluster replicate segments. This model was applied at 3 locations in Washington State. A portion of the south shore of San Juan Island was partitioned and the physical attributes quantified. Three groups of rocky segments differing only in slope angle were selected for biological sampling. The objective was to test the fidelity of macroalgal and invertebrate populations to replicate bedrock shore segments. The results showed that community structure and population abundances were more similar within groups of replicate segments (similar slopes) than among groups (different slopes). In South Puget Sound, community structure was compared to test for a deterministic organization of communities among replicate soft sediment beaches in an estuary. The results showed that replicate beach segments support similar communities, that communities become less similar as the distance between replicates increases, and that replicates within or among nearshore cells with similar temperature and salinity support communities that are more similar than replicates among cells with different water properties regardless of distance. On the outer Olympic coast, community comparisons were made among 9 sand beaches over a shoreline distance of 250 km. The results show that these communities are similar within segments and within nearshore cells, but because of population abundance fluctuations, the communities were different among cells and among years. This study shows that processes determining patterns in nearshore habitats can be quantified, which is a significant contribution to studies of habitat distribution and the siting of marine preserves. Title: Untangling the complexity of nearshore ecosystems : examining issues of scaling and variability in benthic communities Author: Schoch, G. Carl The objective of this research was to improve our understanding of how changes in the environment affect ecological processes. Change detection is often confounded by the large variation found in ecological data due to the difficulty of finding replicates in nature. Intertidal communities were chosen for studies of biophysical interactions because the physical gradients are very strong, thus creating complex systems within spatial scales that are easily sampled. The selection of replicate beach habitats was the first step in designing a sampling protocol for comparative analyses of nearshore community structure. A high resolution shoreline partitioning model was developed to quantify the physical attributes of homogeneous shoreline segments and to statistically cluster replicate segments. This model was applied at 3 locations in Washington State. A portion of the south shore of San Juan Island was partitioned and the physical attributes quantified. Three groups of rocky segments differing only in slope angle were selected for biological sampling. The objective was to test the fidelity of macroalgal and invertebrate populations to replicate bedrock shore segments. The results showed that community structure and population abundances were more similar within groups of replicate segments (similar slopes) than among groups (different slopes). In South Puget Sound, community structure was compared to test for a deterministic organization of communities among replicate soft sediment beaches in an estuary. The results showed that replicate beach segments support similar communities, that communities become less similar as the distance between replicates increases, and that replicates within or among nearshore cells with similar temperature and salinity support communities that are more similar than replicates among cells with different water properties regardless of distance. On the outer Olympic coast, community comparisons were made among 9 sand beaches over a shoreline distance of 250 km. The results show that these communities are similar within segments and within nearshore cells, but because of population abundance fluctuations, the communities were different among cells and among years. This study shows that processes determining patterns in nearshore habitats can be quantified, which is a significant contribution to studies of habitat distribution and the siting of marine preserves. Close

• 55. [Article] Counseling and guidance needs as perceived by community college bound students and community college counselors and administrators

  The two-fold purpose of this study is (1) to determine differences in perception of counseling and guidance needs between community college bound high school seniors, community college counselors, and ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Counseling and guidance needs as perceived by community college bound students and community college counselors and administrators Author: Higgins, John W. The two-fold purpose of this study is (1) to determine differences in perception of counseling and guidance needs between community college bound high school seniors, community college counselors, and chief student services administrators, and (2) to establish the nature and priority of counseling and guidance needs of community college bound high school seniors. Three hundred ninety-nine subjects, representing three sample groups, participated in this study. The groups and the percentage of survey return are as follows: high school seniors (85%); community college counselors (82%); and chief student services administrators (95%). The responses of this total population to the 70 items on the Student Needs Assessment Survey provided the data for this study. An Analysis of Variance statistical design was used to determine the significance of the differences between the perceptions of the three groups. Within the limitations of the study the following major conclusions were drawn: 1. There is a significant difference in the perception of counseling and guidance needs between community college bound high school seniors and community college counselors. 2. There is a significant difference in the perception of counseling and guidance needs between community college bound high school seniors and community college chief student services administrators. 3. There is no significant difference in the perception of counseling and guidance needs between community college counselors and chief student services administrators. 4. There is no significant difference in the perception of counseling and guidance needs between community college bound high school seniors from rural, suburban, city, and metropolitan areas of Western Washington. Title: Counseling and guidance needs as perceived by community college bound students and community college counselors and administrators Author: Higgins, John W. The two-fold purpose of this study is (1) to determine differences in perception of counseling and guidance needs between community college bound high school seniors, community college counselors, and chief student services administrators, and (2) to establish the nature and priority of counseling and guidance needs of community college bound high school seniors. Three hundred ninety-nine subjects, representing three sample groups, participated in this study. The groups and the percentage of survey return are as follows: high school seniors (85%); community college counselors (82%); and chief student services administrators (95%). The responses of this total population to the 70 items on the Student Needs Assessment Survey provided the data for this study. An Analysis of Variance statistical design was used to determine the significance of the differences between the perceptions of the three groups. Within the limitations of the study the following major conclusions were drawn: 1. There is a significant difference in the perception of counseling and guidance needs between community college bound high school seniors and community college counselors. 2. There is a significant difference in the perception of counseling and guidance needs between community college bound high school seniors and community college chief student services administrators. 3. There is no significant difference in the perception of counseling and guidance needs between community college counselors and chief student services administrators. 4. There is no significant difference in the perception of counseling and guidance needs between community college bound high school seniors from rural, suburban, city, and metropolitan areas of Western Washington. Close

• 56. [Article] Primary productivity and community structure of an estuarine impoundment

  An impounded estuary was employed to study primary productivity, community respiration, and community structure as they related to seasonal and temporal succession, salinity, and water temperature. Plankton ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Primary productivity and community structure of an estuarine impoundment Author: Lyford, John Higgins An impounded estuary was employed to study primary productivity, community respiration, and community structure as they related to seasonal and temporal succession, salinity, and water temperature. Plankton metabolism was studied by means of the light-and dark-bottle technique. Benthic community metabolism was determined by using the "diurnal oxygen curve" method. Four different physical environments developed due to water control procedures required in the management of the impoundment. One environment was saline, two were brackish water, and one was freshwater. Distinct benthic plant communities developed in each of these environments, and these communities were named according to the dominant plants. The Enteromorpha-Melosira Community developed in the saline environment and accounted for the highest metabolic rates of the entire study. A P/R of 1.36 resulted in the development of a large standing crop which dramatically became senescent during late fall and formed organic ooze on the bottom as well as dissolved and suspended organic matter in the water. The Melosira-Enteromorpha Community developed in brackish water and maintained a P/R of 0.76. The Melosira-Spirogyra Community developed in the freshwater environment and maintained a P/R of 0.78, and the Rhizoclonium-Melosira-Synedra Community which developed in brackish water maintained a p/R of 0.77. The plankton flora was characteristically tychoplankton and the magnitude of plankton meta bolic rates was less than that of the benthic communities. The impoundment maintained a mean P/R of 1.02 over the entire study period, and was essentially autotrophic, primarily due to the large standing crop developed by the Enteromorpha-Melosira Community. Little exogenous organic material was thought to have been imported into the ecosystem. Title: Primary productivity and community structure of an estuarine impoundment Author: Lyford, John Higgins An impounded estuary was employed to study primary productivity, community respiration, and community structure as they related to seasonal and temporal succession, salinity, and water temperature. Plankton metabolism was studied by means of the light-and dark-bottle technique. Benthic community metabolism was determined by using the "diurnal oxygen curve" method. Four different physical environments developed due to water control procedures required in the management of the impoundment. One environment was saline, two were brackish water, and one was freshwater. Distinct benthic plant communities developed in each of these environments, and these communities were named according to the dominant plants. The Enteromorpha-Melosira Community developed in the saline environment and accounted for the highest metabolic rates of the entire study. A P/R of 1.36 resulted in the development of a large standing crop which dramatically became senescent during late fall and formed organic ooze on the bottom as well as dissolved and suspended organic matter in the water. The Melosira-Enteromorpha Community developed in brackish water and maintained a P/R of 0.76. The Melosira-Spirogyra Community developed in the freshwater environment and maintained a P/R of 0.78, and the Rhizoclonium-Melosira-Synedra Community which developed in brackish water maintained a p/R of 0.77. The plankton flora was characteristically tychoplankton and the magnitude of plankton meta bolic rates was less than that of the benthic communities. The impoundment maintained a mean P/R of 1.02 over the entire study period, and was essentially autotrophic, primarily due to the large standing crop developed by the Enteromorpha-Melosira Community. Little exogenous organic material was thought to have been imported into the ecosystem. Close

• 57. [Article] A comparison between Portland Community College and Seattle Community College for determination of organizational efficiency

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: A comparison between Portland Community College and Seattle Community College for determination of organizational efficiency Author: Shaffer, Mildred Johnson Title: A comparison between Portland Community College and Seattle Community College for determination of organizational efficiency Author: Shaffer, Mildred Johnson Close

• 58. [Article] A framework for the preliminary assessment of vulnerability of fisheries-dependent communities

  Global climate change is projected to have far-ranging effects on the oceans and marine life. In turn, fisheries will likely undergo changes in their distributions and abundance. Coastal Alaskan communities ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: A framework for the preliminary assessment of vulnerability of fisheries-dependent communities Author: Berns, Richard Hunter Global climate change is projected to have far-ranging effects on the oceans and marine life. In turn, fisheries will likely undergo changes in their distributions and abundance. Coastal Alaskan communities are often highly dependent on commercial fisheries, and as a result will likely be vulnerable to climate change. The purpose of this project is to construct a framework for a preliminary assessment of the vulnerability of the fisheries-dependent communities in Alaska to climate change and variability. Employing an indicator-based framework, vulnerability is assessed according to the level of natural, social, and economic capital found in each community. A graphical instrument is used to communicate these findings. The communities of Cordova, Kodiak, Petersburg, Seward, and Sitka are assessed using this method and found to have differing levels of capital and vulnerabilities. Title: A framework for the preliminary assessment of vulnerability of fisheries-dependent communities Author: Berns, Richard Hunter Global climate change is projected to have far-ranging effects on the oceans and marine life. In turn, fisheries will likely undergo changes in their distributions and abundance. Coastal Alaskan communities are often highly dependent on commercial fisheries, and as a result will likely be vulnerable to climate change. The purpose of this project is to construct a framework for a preliminary assessment of the vulnerability of the fisheries-dependent communities in Alaska to climate change and variability. Employing an indicator-based framework, vulnerability is assessed according to the level of natural, social, and economic capital found in each community. A graphical instrument is used to communicate these findings. The communities of Cordova, Kodiak, Petersburg, Seward, and Sitka are assessed using this method and found to have differing levels of capital and vulnerabilities. Close

• 59. [Article] Mechanisms which encourage beneficiary participation in decision making in rural development assistance projects in developing countries

  This study was designed to discover how beneficiary participation in decision making can be encouraged and enhanced in rural development assistance projects in developing countries. The study sought to ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Mechanisms which encourage beneficiary participation in decision making in rural development assistance projects in developing countries Author: Bates, Reid A. This study was designed to discover how beneficiary participation in decision making can be encouraged and enhanced in rural development assistance projects in developing countries. The study sought to increase the understanding about how beneficiary participation occurs through the identification of patterns, processes or techniques in development assistance projects that enhance the ability of local people to gain control of the benefits and decision making processes in projects affecting their lives. The data for this study were obtained from telephone interviews with seven individuals who are or have been rural development assistance project managers. A constant comparative method of qualitative data analysis was employed. The findings indicated that community participation is encouraged and enhanced in projects that involve a few salient activities, relatively less complex inputs and consequently less money than larger, more complex projects. These projects should be based on a felt need in the community and be designed to fit community capabilities. As such, they enhance the power of participation to produce a recognizable benefit and to provide a sense of progress toward community established goals. In addition, community participation is encouraged when some investment is required from the community. Investment creates ownership and tests the value and appropriateness of the activity to the community. The case studies suggested that participation is a process that requires support at the community level, from intermediary organizations and from donor agencies and national governments. At the community level, the most practical and effective vehicle through which to implement participatory projects is existing community organizations. These organizations generally possess the necessary skills to be, and by definition, should be involved in all phases of the project from design to evaluation. Locally identified leaders, while a two-edged sword, are necessary for the effectiveness of local organizations and for the endorsement of project activities. Intermediary organizations emerge in this study as key actors in the participatory development process. These organizations act as catalysts and linkages by informing and sharing information with communities; by helping communities gather data about themselves in identifying the most critical problems; by mediating in conflict resolution; and in obtaining funds and other forms of assistance from outside the community. Their role is characterized by an approach to rural communities that is both understanding and interactive. Donor organizations and national governments are seen in the role of development coordinators. The coordinator role is responsive to community desires and strives for equality among diverse groups and communities. They emphasize a "process" approach to development administration. As a result of effective participation, rural poor communities are able to meet their basic needs, solve their problems, and achieve the power to control their lives. In terms of mechanisms encouraging beneficiary participation, this study recommends the following: 1) Participatory development should be viewed as a process of trial and error learning whose goal is community empowerment. Empowerment signifies the degree to which people have gained the capacity to obtain results which they intend to obtain from their involvement in decision making in the development process. 2) Intermediary organizations must assume a key role in the participatory development process. These organizations are composed of sensitive and understanding people who are dedicated to community participation. The function of these organizations is twofold. First, they act as links between donor agencies or national governments and local communities. Second, they function as catalysts in participatory development. The goal of these organizations is to facilitate the building of community capacity in terms of skills and knowledge to the point that the community no longer needs their assistance. 3) The appropriate roles of donor agencies and national governments in participatory development is as coordinators of development assistance projects. This role requires them to provide funds specifically for participatory development; to strive for equity in funding different groups and communities; and to adopt a "process" style of project administration that is seen as most conducive to participatory development. 4) Projects aiming at encouraging beneficiary participation should start small, with a few relatively simple activities that respond to local needs. These activities are most effectively implemented through existing local organizations that are characterized as having control of financial resources, legal authority, involvement in all project activities from design to evaluation and are led by community appointed leaders. 5) It is more important to emphasize "how" projects are implemented rather than "what" is accomplished. This "how" necessarily involves beneficiary participation which is defined as the participation of beneficiaries in their own development by controlling resources, defining needs and making decisions about how these needs can best be met. Title: Mechanisms which encourage beneficiary participation in decision making in rural development assistance projects in developing countries Author: Bates, Reid A. This study was designed to discover how beneficiary participation in decision making can be encouraged and enhanced in rural development assistance projects in developing countries. The study sought to increase the understanding about how beneficiary participation occurs through the identification of patterns, processes or techniques in development assistance projects that enhance the ability of local people to gain control of the benefits and decision making processes in projects affecting their lives. The data for this study were obtained from telephone interviews with seven individuals who are or have been rural development assistance project managers. A constant comparative method of qualitative data analysis was employed. The findings indicated that community participation is encouraged and enhanced in projects that involve a few salient activities, relatively less complex inputs and consequently less money than larger, more complex projects. These projects should be based on a felt need in the community and be designed to fit community capabilities. As such, they enhance the power of participation to produce a recognizable benefit and to provide a sense of progress toward community established goals. In addition, community participation is encouraged when some investment is required from the community. Investment creates ownership and tests the value and appropriateness of the activity to the community. The case studies suggested that participation is a process that requires support at the community level, from intermediary organizations and from donor agencies and national governments. At the community level, the most practical and effective vehicle through which to implement participatory projects is existing community organizations. These organizations generally possess the necessary skills to be, and by definition, should be involved in all phases of the project from design to evaluation. Locally identified leaders, while a two-edged sword, are necessary for the effectiveness of local organizations and for the endorsement of project activities. Intermediary organizations emerge in this study as key actors in the participatory development process. These organizations act as catalysts and linkages by informing and sharing information with communities; by helping communities gather data about themselves in identifying the most critical problems; by mediating in conflict resolution; and in obtaining funds and other forms of assistance from outside the community. Their role is characterized by an approach to rural communities that is both understanding and interactive. Donor organizations and national governments are seen in the role of development coordinators. The coordinator role is responsive to community desires and strives for equality among diverse groups and communities. They emphasize a "process" approach to development administration. As a result of effective participation, rural poor communities are able to meet their basic needs, solve their problems, and achieve the power to control their lives. In terms of mechanisms encouraging beneficiary participation, this study recommends the following: 1) Participatory development should be viewed as a process of trial and error learning whose goal is community empowerment. Empowerment signifies the degree to which people have gained the capacity to obtain results which they intend to obtain from their involvement in decision making in the development process. 2) Intermediary organizations must assume a key role in the participatory development process. These organizations are composed of sensitive and understanding people who are dedicated to community participation. The function of these organizations is twofold. First, they act as links between donor agencies or national governments and local communities. Second, they function as catalysts in participatory development. The goal of these organizations is to facilitate the building of community capacity in terms of skills and knowledge to the point that the community no longer needs their assistance. 3) The appropriate roles of donor agencies and national governments in participatory development is as coordinators of development assistance projects. This role requires them to provide funds specifically for participatory development; to strive for equity in funding different groups and communities; and to adopt a "process" style of project administration that is seen as most conducive to participatory development. 4) Projects aiming at encouraging beneficiary participation should start small, with a few relatively simple activities that respond to local needs. These activities are most effectively implemented through existing local organizations that are characterized as having control of financial resources, legal authority, involvement in all project activities from design to evaluation and are led by community appointed leaders. 5) It is more important to emphasize "how" projects are implemented rather than "what" is accomplished. This "how" necessarily involves beneficiary participation which is defined as the participation of beneficiaries in their own development by controlling resources, defining needs and making decisions about how these needs can best be met. Close

• 60. [Article] Oregon's LGBTQ+ and Communities of Color: Community-Based Oral History Projects

  In this presentation Fernández discusses two oral history projects: one is the product of a collaboration with a history class that focused on the local LGBTQ+ community and the second is called Latinos ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Oregon's LGBTQ+ and Communities of Color: Community-Based Oral History Projects Author: Fernández, Natalia In this presentation Fernández discusses two oral history projects: one is the product of a collaboration with a history class that focused on the local LGBTQ+ community and the second is called Latinos en Oregón - a project that has so far, expanded to the Latinx communities within four counties in Oregon. Title: Oregon's LGBTQ+ and Communities of Color: Community-Based Oral History Projects Author: Fernández, Natalia In this presentation Fernández discusses two oral history projects: one is the product of a collaboration with a history class that focused on the local LGBTQ+ community and the second is called Latinos en Oregón - a project that has so far, expanded to the Latinx communities within four counties in Oregon. Close

• 61. [Article] The Role of the Urban Matters Community of Practice within the National Park Service

  There is a growing movement in the U.S., and throughout the world, involving top down government bureaucracies or government agencies within the natural resources field, to develop new and innovative processes ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The Role of the Urban Matters Community of Practice within the National Park Service Author: O’Casey, Elizabeth There is a growing movement in the U.S., and throughout the world, involving top down government bureaucracies or government agencies within the natural resources field, to develop new and innovative processes and structures for integrating societal viewpoints into agency decision-­making. This study examines Urban Matters, a community of practice within the National Park Service (NPS) that fits within the larger trend of collaborative processes. This community of practice receives broad support, has a large number of professionals consistently involved, and aligns with the National Park Service’s attempt to strengthen connections with stakeholders outside of the Park Service who are important in the implementation of many NPS policies. The Urban Matters community of practice was analyzed in an effort to better understand why communities of practice emerge, how they are maintained, and what impact they have on the National Park Service. The data informing this study came from interviews with 12 community of practice leaders, 17 community of practice meeting transcripts, and from planning documents used by the Urban Matters community leaders. The results from this analysis are intended to inform and guide the NPS as it continues to initiate and facilitate collaborative practices like Urban Matters. Title: The Role of the Urban Matters Community of Practice within the National Park Service Author: O’Casey, Elizabeth There is a growing movement in the U.S., and throughout the world, involving top down government bureaucracies or government agencies within the natural resources field, to develop new and innovative processes and structures for integrating societal viewpoints into agency decision-­making. This study examines Urban Matters, a community of practice within the National Park Service (NPS) that fits within the larger trend of collaborative processes. This community of practice receives broad support, has a large number of professionals consistently involved, and aligns with the National Park Service’s attempt to strengthen connections with stakeholders outside of the Park Service who are important in the implementation of many NPS policies. The Urban Matters community of practice was analyzed in an effort to better understand why communities of practice emerge, how they are maintained, and what impact they have on the National Park Service. The data informing this study came from interviews with 12 community of practice leaders, 17 community of practice meeting transcripts, and from planning documents used by the Urban Matters community leaders. The results from this analysis are intended to inform and guide the NPS as it continues to initiate and facilitate collaborative practices like Urban Matters. Close

• 62. [Article] Oregon's coastal marine recreational fishing community : the state of communication with the fisheries management community

  The Pacific Northwest and Oregon in particular, have a rich fishing history. There are several fishing communities that rely on the resources found within Oregon waters. This research project explores ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Oregon's coastal marine recreational fishing community : the state of communication with the fisheries management community Author: Opsommer, Laura The Pacific Northwest and Oregon in particular, have a rich fishing history. There are several fishing communities that rely on the resources found within Oregon waters. This research project explores communication in one particular fishing community, the coastal marine recreational fishing community (CMRFC) and the fisheries management community (FMC). Objectives of the project included: * characterizing formal and informal existing communication methods used by the FMC and the CMRFC, * identifying the current state of communication between the FMC and CMRFC, * determining each communities perceived effectiveness of the current communication methods, * Identifying barriers to communication between the FMC and the CMRFC, and * identifying ways to improve the current state of communication between the communities. Title: Oregon's coastal marine recreational fishing community : the state of communication with the fisheries management community Author: Opsommer, Laura The Pacific Northwest and Oregon in particular, have a rich fishing history. There are several fishing communities that rely on the resources found within Oregon waters. This research project explores communication in one particular fishing community, the coastal marine recreational fishing community (CMRFC) and the fisheries management community (FMC). Objectives of the project included: * characterizing formal and informal existing communication methods used by the FMC and the CMRFC, * identifying the current state of communication between the FMC and CMRFC, * determining each communities perceived effectiveness of the current communication methods, * Identifying barriers to communication between the FMC and the CMRFC, and * identifying ways to improve the current state of communication between the communities. Close

• 63. [Article] Defining Community: The Impact of OSU Student Civic Engagement in Corvallis, Oregon

  This study explores the context of and impacts resulting from a broad range of university student civic engagements on the city of Corvallis, Oregon. Through semi-structured interviews with local community ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Defining Community: The Impact of OSU Student Civic Engagement in Corvallis, Oregon Author: Vincent, Jennica This study explores the context of and impacts resulting from a broad range of university student civic engagements on the city of Corvallis, Oregon. Through semi-structured interviews with local community partners who engage with the university in what I term student civic service-learning, feedback reveals impacts that are overwhelmingly positive, with community partners lauding students as contributors to organizational development, community capacity, and social justice. In contrast with existing literature, partners reveal the necessity for a diverse range of service levels and types, including one-time and short-term service. Further analysis reveals a fragile network of service professionals, at a stalemate in growth within this community that is immensely impacted by student service. Often bypassing the network’s largest service hub, many partners are limited in their connectivity within the network and thus find their contact with students and faculty inconsistent and inefficient. As university student populations are expected to continue growing, findings suggest that more of the same is not necessarily better, yet the service provided by students currently is vital to maintaining the quality of life for the local community. By assessing the impacts of service on the greater community and how they are situated in a service network, this research furthers our understanding of how this community comes to be defined and shaped by its relationship with its university. Title: Defining Community: The Impact of OSU Student Civic Engagement in Corvallis, Oregon Author: Vincent, Jennica This study explores the context of and impacts resulting from a broad range of university student civic engagements on the city of Corvallis, Oregon. Through semi-structured interviews with local community partners who engage with the university in what I term student civic service-learning, feedback reveals impacts that are overwhelmingly positive, with community partners lauding students as contributors to organizational development, community capacity, and social justice. In contrast with existing literature, partners reveal the necessity for a diverse range of service levels and types, including one-time and short-term service. Further analysis reveals a fragile network of service professionals, at a stalemate in growth within this community that is immensely impacted by student service. Often bypassing the network’s largest service hub, many partners are limited in their connectivity within the network and thus find their contact with students and faculty inconsistent and inefficient. As university student populations are expected to continue growing, findings suggest that more of the same is not necessarily better, yet the service provided by students currently is vital to maintaining the quality of life for the local community. By assessing the impacts of service on the greater community and how they are situated in a service network, this research furthers our understanding of how this community comes to be defined and shaped by its relationship with its university. Close

• 64. [Article] Using Socio-Economic and Fisheries Involvement Indices to Understand Alaska Fishing Community Well-Being

  Over recent years, fisheries managers have been going through a paradigm shift to prioritize ecosystem-based management. With this comes an increasing need to better understand the impacts of fisheries ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Using Socio-Economic and Fisheries Involvement Indices to Understand Alaska Fishing Community Well-Being Author: Kasperski, Stephen, Himes-Cornell, Amber Over recent years, fisheries managers have been going through a paradigm shift to prioritize ecosystem-based management. With this comes an increasing need to better understand the impacts of fisheries management decisions on the social well-being and sustainability of fishing communities. This paper summarizes research aimed at using secondary data to develop socio-economic and fisheries-dependence indices to measure fishing community well-being in Alaska. Data from more than 300 communities in Alaska were used to create a database of socio-economic and fisheries dependence indices of well-being and adaptability for Alaskan communities dependent on marine resources. Each index was developed using a principal components analysis to assess the relative position of each community compared to all other communities in Alaska. We find that creating performance measures, such as the indices presented here, in fisheries provides a useful way to track the status of important fisheries and social variables over time. Title: Using Socio-Economic and Fisheries Involvement Indices to Understand Alaska Fishing Community Well-Being Author: Kasperski, Stephen, Himes-Cornell, Amber Over recent years, fisheries managers have been going through a paradigm shift to prioritize ecosystem-based management. With this comes an increasing need to better understand the impacts of fisheries management decisions on the social well-being and sustainability of fishing communities. This paper summarizes research aimed at using secondary data to develop socio-economic and fisheries-dependence indices to measure fishing community well-being in Alaska. Data from more than 300 communities in Alaska were used to create a database of socio-economic and fisheries dependence indices of well-being and adaptability for Alaskan communities dependent on marine resources. Each index was developed using a principal components analysis to assess the relative position of each community compared to all other communities in Alaska. We find that creating performance measures, such as the indices presented here, in fisheries provides a useful way to track the status of important fisheries and social variables over time. Close

• 65. [Article] The Impact of Coastal Community Development and Fisheries Resources Management Project (co-fish project) on Social Economic in Bengkalis, Riau Indonesia

  Research Paper

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The Impact of Coastal Community Development and Fisheries Resources Management Project (co-fish project) on Social Economic in Bengkalis, Riau Indonesia Author: Nugroho, F., Zulkifli, Yunus, Y. A. Research Paper Title: The Impact of Coastal Community Development and Fisheries Resources Management Project (co-fish project) on Social Economic in Bengkalis, Riau Indonesia Author: Nugroho, F., Zulkifli, Yunus, Y. A. Research Paper Close

• 66. [Article] RSENR+Community+Engagement+2007+Report[1].pdf

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: RSENR+Community+Engagement+2007+Report[1].pdf Author: Westdijk, Kate Title: RSENR+Community+Engagement+2007+Report[1].pdf Author: Westdijk, Kate Close

• 67. [Article] A preliminary classification of forest communities in the central portion of the western Cascades in Oregon

  Forest communities in the central portion of Oregon's western Cascades are arrayed along moisture and temperature gradients. With the aid of reconnaissance data and a computerized ordination technique, ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: A preliminary classification of forest communities in the central portion of the western Cascades in Oregon Author: U.S. International Biological Program. Coniferous Forest Biome, Dyrness, C. T., Moir, William H., Franklin, Jerry F. Forest communities in the central portion of Oregon's western Cascades are arrayed along moisture and temperature gradients. With the aid of reconnaissance data and a computerized ordination technique, 23 forest communities have been provisionally recognized in two distinct forest zones, the Tsuga heterophylla (300 to 1050 m in elevation) and the Abies amabilis (1050 to 1550 m). The location of these zones is largely a function of temperature (elevation), while distribution of individual communities within a zone is controlled mainly by moisture availability. Eleven climax or near-climax associations and three seral communities were recognized within the Tsuga heterophylla zone. Associations range from the Pseudotsuga/Holodiscus on very dry sites to the Tsuga/Polystichum-Oxalis on wet sites. In the Abies amabilis zone, nine units were identified--seven climax or near-climax associations and two seral communities. Driest habitats in the zone are occupied by the Abies--Tsuga mertensiana/ Xerophyllum association and wettest sites support the Chamaeeyparis/Oplopanax association. Characteristics of all 23 forest communities are described and relationships among them are discussed. Title: A preliminary classification of forest communities in the central portion of the western Cascades in Oregon Author: U.S. International Biological Program. Coniferous Forest Biome, Dyrness, C. T., Moir, William H., Franklin, Jerry F. Forest communities in the central portion of Oregon's western Cascades are arrayed along moisture and temperature gradients. With the aid of reconnaissance data and a computerized ordination technique, 23 forest communities have been provisionally recognized in two distinct forest zones, the Tsuga heterophylla (300 to 1050 m in elevation) and the Abies amabilis (1050 to 1550 m). The location of these zones is largely a function of temperature (elevation), while distribution of individual communities within a zone is controlled mainly by moisture availability. Eleven climax or near-climax associations and three seral communities were recognized within the Tsuga heterophylla zone. Associations range from the Pseudotsuga/Holodiscus on very dry sites to the Tsuga/Polystichum-Oxalis on wet sites. In the Abies amabilis zone, nine units were identified--seven climax or near-climax associations and two seral communities. Driest habitats in the zone are occupied by the Abies--Tsuga mertensiana/ Xerophyllum association and wettest sites support the Chamaeeyparis/Oplopanax association. Characteristics of all 23 forest communities are described and relationships among them are discussed. Close

• 68. [Article] Avian Community Assembly Following Volcanic Disturbance at Volcán Arenal, Costa Rica and Mount St. Helens, USA

  Volcanism is an agent of major disturbance in many parts of the world. While the effects of volcanic disturbance are fairly well-known among some groups of species, few studies have been performed in bird ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Avian Community Assembly Following Volcanic Disturbance at Volcán Arenal, Costa Rica and Mount St. Helens, USA Author: Fairchild, Karl C. Volcanism is an agent of major disturbance in many parts of the world. While the effects of volcanic disturbance are fairly well-known among some groups of species, few studies have been performed in bird communities. Likewise, few studies have attempted to compare how communities in temperate and tropical biomes respond to volcanism. This study examines how bird communities inhabiting areas recently disturbed by volcanism differ at Mount St. Helens in the United States, and Volcán Arenal in Costa Rica. I compare the two bird communities to evaluate patterns in species richness, species diversity and guild diversity and how those patterns fit with previously described differences in temperate and tropical bird communities. The two communities generally exhibited similarity in richness and diversity, although small sample sizes at Arenal may have influenced ability to detect differences. Nevertheless, my results suggest that the relatively low complexity of vegetation at these early successional study sites may explain the greater similarity than initially predicted. My results also suggest the greatest difference between the temperate and tropical sites is in the most structurally complex sites. Additional surveys at these and other sites are needed to reveal the generality of my results. Title: Avian Community Assembly Following Volcanic Disturbance at Volcán Arenal, Costa Rica and Mount St. Helens, USA Author: Fairchild, Karl C. Volcanism is an agent of major disturbance in many parts of the world. While the effects of volcanic disturbance are fairly well-known among some groups of species, few studies have been performed in bird communities. Likewise, few studies have attempted to compare how communities in temperate and tropical biomes respond to volcanism. This study examines how bird communities inhabiting areas recently disturbed by volcanism differ at Mount St. Helens in the United States, and Volcán Arenal in Costa Rica. I compare the two bird communities to evaluate patterns in species richness, species diversity and guild diversity and how those patterns fit with previously described differences in temperate and tropical bird communities. The two communities generally exhibited similarity in richness and diversity, although small sample sizes at Arenal may have influenced ability to detect differences. Nevertheless, my results suggest that the relatively low complexity of vegetation at these early successional study sites may explain the greater similarity than initially predicted. My results also suggest the greatest difference between the temperate and tropical sites is in the most structurally complex sites. Additional surveys at these and other sites are needed to reveal the generality of my results. Close

• 69. [Article] Community as a source of health in three racial/ethnic communities in Oregon: a qualitative study

  This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by the author(s) and published by BioMed Central Ltd. The published article can be found at: http://www.biomedcentral.com/bmcpubl...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Community as a source of health in three racial/ethnic communities in Oregon: a qualitative study Author: Schure, Marc B., Bethel, Jeffrey W., Mendez-Luck, Carolyn A., Goins, R. Turner, McDermott, Elizabeth This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by the author(s) and published by BioMed Central Ltd. The published article can be found at: http://www.biomedcentral.com/bmcpublichealth/. Title: Community as a source of health in three racial/ethnic communities in Oregon: a qualitative study Author: Schure, Marc B., Bethel, Jeffrey W., Mendez-Luck, Carolyn A., Goins, R. Turner, McDermott, Elizabeth This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by the author(s) and published by BioMed Central Ltd. The published article can be found at: http://www.biomedcentral.com/bmcpublichealth/. Close

• 70. [Article] People in the forests : interactions between community and forest health in Wallowa County

  Forests of the Inland West have been experiencing forest health problems arising from over a hundred years of fire suppression, logging, grazing, and mismanagement. Rural communities, meanwhile, have seen ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: People in the forests : interactions between community and forest health in Wallowa County Author: Kelly, Erin Clover Forests of the Inland West have been experiencing forest health problems arising from over a hundred years of fire suppression, logging, grazing, and mismanagement. Rural communities, meanwhile, have seen escalating unemployment, an exodus of young families, and a dearth of middle-income jobs. The objectives of this thesis are to: 1) document knowledge and beliefs of forest stakeholders (loggers, industry workers, environmentalists, community developers, government agency workers) regarding forest health; 2) analyze the relationships between the community and the forest; and 3) contextualize rural stakeholders' views of forest health within the Healthy Forests Restoration Act (HR 1904) and other relevant forest health legislation. The forests and communities of this region are inextricably linked. While large-scale external forces, political and industrial, have long influenced these forests and communities, the dynamic nature of both forests and communities may call for some level of self-determination and place-based decision-making. Title: People in the forests : interactions between community and forest health in Wallowa County Author: Kelly, Erin Clover Forests of the Inland West have been experiencing forest health problems arising from over a hundred years of fire suppression, logging, grazing, and mismanagement. Rural communities, meanwhile, have seen escalating unemployment, an exodus of young families, and a dearth of middle-income jobs. The objectives of this thesis are to: 1) document knowledge and beliefs of forest stakeholders (loggers, industry workers, environmentalists, community developers, government agency workers) regarding forest health; 2) analyze the relationships between the community and the forest; and 3) contextualize rural stakeholders' views of forest health within the Healthy Forests Restoration Act (HR 1904) and other relevant forest health legislation. The forests and communities of this region are inextricably linked. While large-scale external forces, political and industrial, have long influenced these forests and communities, the dynamic nature of both forests and communities may call for some level of self-determination and place-based decision-making. Close

• 71. [Article] Creating and sustaining a whole community in hierarchical institutions

  In this thesis, I examine some of the relationships between hierarchy and community that exist in institutions. Within institutions, individuals are separated from one another and organized hierarchically ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Creating and sustaining a whole community in hierarchical institutions Author: Matheis, Christian G. In this thesis, I examine some of the relationships between hierarchy and community that exist in institutions. Within institutions, individuals are separated from one another and organized hierarchically based on arbitrary inequalities. In general, I discusses inequalities based on race, class, gender, sexual orientation, age, ability, etc. Institutions organized based on arbitrary inequalities cannot create and sustain a whole community since such inequalities result in hostile or coercive treatment of individuals based on characteristics or criteria over which they have no control. If it is true that people want and/or need community, then it matters a great deal for us to know whether or not community can exist in hierarchical institutions, since certain kinds of hierarchies interfere with building and sustaining community. I explain how the concept of "whole community" allows for the unity of unequal beings, provided that the inequalities are based on merit. Furthermore, I describe two fictitious institutions. One, Cloister University is organized on the basis of arbitrary inequalities. The other, Mores University is a whole community, organized on the basis of merit. Title: Creating and sustaining a whole community in hierarchical institutions Author: Matheis, Christian G. In this thesis, I examine some of the relationships between hierarchy and community that exist in institutions. Within institutions, individuals are separated from one another and organized hierarchically based on arbitrary inequalities. In general, I discusses inequalities based on race, class, gender, sexual orientation, age, ability, etc. Institutions organized based on arbitrary inequalities cannot create and sustain a whole community since such inequalities result in hostile or coercive treatment of individuals based on characteristics or criteria over which they have no control. If it is true that people want and/or need community, then it matters a great deal for us to know whether or not community can exist in hierarchical institutions, since certain kinds of hierarchies interfere with building and sustaining community. I explain how the concept of "whole community" allows for the unity of unequal beings, provided that the inequalities are based on merit. Furthermore, I describe two fictitious institutions. One, Cloister University is organized on the basis of arbitrary inequalities. The other, Mores University is a whole community, organized on the basis of merit. Close

• 72. [Article] Nature and culture in two Pacific Northwest timber-dependent communities

  Timber-dependent, rural communities in the Pacific Northwest face dramatic economic, political, and cultural change. New philosophies of forest management, primarily formulated in urban communities, require new ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Nature and culture in two Pacific Northwest timber-dependent communities Author: Six, Amanda Timber-dependent, rural communities in the Pacific Northwest face dramatic economic, political, and cultural change. New philosophies of forest management, primarily formulated in urban communities, require new approaches to the use and extraction of resources. What are the roles of rural communities that wish to adapt and sustain themselves? Two rural communities, one from Washington State, and one from Oregon, serve as case studies for coping with change. These cases build an ethnographic foundation on which to explore the rural-urban dynamic. The theories that elaborate the rural-urban relationship are central-place theory, and hermeneutic theory, which is used to understand the symbols and meaning of actions and ideas. Adaptive management, with new power relations, provides one possible solution to expedite the environmental and cultural sustainability of rural communities. Title: Nature and culture in two Pacific Northwest timber-dependent communities Author: Six, Amanda Timber-dependent, rural communities in the Pacific Northwest face dramatic economic, political, and cultural change. New philosophies of forest management, primarily formulated in urban communities, require new approaches to the use and extraction of resources. What are the roles of rural communities that wish to adapt and sustain themselves? Two rural communities, one from Washington State, and one from Oregon, serve as case studies for coping with change. These cases build an ethnographic foundation on which to explore the rural-urban dynamic. The theories that elaborate the rural-urban relationship are central-place theory, and hermeneutic theory, which is used to understand the symbols and meaning of actions and ideas. Adaptive management, with new power relations, provides one possible solution to expedite the environmental and cultural sustainability of rural communities. Close

• 73. [Article] Community-Based Marine Resource Management: A Case Study in the Trobriand Islands, Papua New Guinea

  Research Paper

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Community-Based Marine Resource Management: A Case Study in the Trobriand Islands, Papua New Guinea Author: Bose, Shekar, Kokwaiye, Presley, Rawlinson, Nick Research Paper Title: Community-Based Marine Resource Management: A Case Study in the Trobriand Islands, Papua New Guinea Author: Bose, Shekar, Kokwaiye, Presley, Rawlinson, Nick Research Paper Close

• 74. [Article] Stability under the federal sustained yield unit system : assessing the achievement of community stability in the Lakeview Unit

  A descriptive model of community stability is developed which can be used to gauge the achievement of community stability in federal sustained yield units. Community stability is defined which provides ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Stability under the federal sustained yield unit system : assessing the achievement of community stability in the Lakeview Unit Author: Olson, Douglas Charles A descriptive model of community stability is developed which can be used to gauge the achievement of community stability in federal sustained yield units. Community stability is defined which provides the framework on which the model was created. The achievement of the four goals of the 1944 Sustained Yield Act is tested using indicators. The four goals are the achievement of stability in the forest industries, in employment, in taxable forest wealth and in the community. Indicators used are: forest industries - production, efficiency and investment; employment - employment trend, unemployment and regional share (shift-share analysis); taxable forest wealth - real property; community - birth rate, age class distribution, median family income, number below poverty level, number of food stamp recipients, divorce rate, suicide rate and crime rates. The model is described and tested using the Lakeview Federal Sustained Yield Unit as an example. Lake County figures are used to represent the communities in the Federal Sustained Yield Unit. In most cases these figures are compared to Klamath and Harney counties' figures. Community stability in the Lakeview Federal Sustained Yield Unit was found to have been achieved. Title: Stability under the federal sustained yield unit system : assessing the achievement of community stability in the Lakeview Unit Author: Olson, Douglas Charles A descriptive model of community stability is developed which can be used to gauge the achievement of community stability in federal sustained yield units. Community stability is defined which provides the framework on which the model was created. The achievement of the four goals of the 1944 Sustained Yield Act is tested using indicators. The four goals are the achievement of stability in the forest industries, in employment, in taxable forest wealth and in the community. Indicators used are: forest industries - production, efficiency and investment; employment - employment trend, unemployment and regional share (shift-share analysis); taxable forest wealth - real property; community - birth rate, age class distribution, median family income, number below poverty level, number of food stamp recipients, divorce rate, suicide rate and crime rates. The model is described and tested using the Lakeview Federal Sustained Yield Unit as an example. Lake County figures are used to represent the communities in the Federal Sustained Yield Unit. In most cases these figures are compared to Klamath and Harney counties' figures. Community stability in the Lakeview Federal Sustained Yield Unit was found to have been achieved. Close

• 75. [Article] Nitrogen status in Oregon Coast Range forest communities

  Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) roots in four plant communities--ocean spray (Holodiscus discolor (Pursh). Maxim.)/salal (Gaultheria shallon Pursh), vine maple (Acer circinatum Pursh)/salal, ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Nitrogen status in Oregon Coast Range forest communities Author: Alexander, Joseph Richard Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) roots in four plant communities--ocean spray (Holodiscus discolor (Pursh). Maxim.)/salal (Gaultheria shallon Pursh), vine maple (Acer circinatum Pursh)/salal, sword-fern (Polystichum munitum (Kaulf.) Presi. var. munitum) and sword-f ern/oxalis (Oxalis oregana Nutt.)--were sampled for soluble nitrogen concentrations. Sampling prior to bud burst in the salal communities showed lower concentrations of soluble nitrogen than in the sword-fern communities. Summer samples showed no significant differences. Results suggest that salal community types experience minimum soluble nitrogen levels throughout the year while sword-fern community types experience higher nitrogen status during winter. Management practices that conserve or add nitrogen are more critical in salal community types. Title: Nitrogen status in Oregon Coast Range forest communities Author: Alexander, Joseph Richard Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) roots in four plant communities--ocean spray (Holodiscus discolor (Pursh). Maxim.)/salal (Gaultheria shallon Pursh), vine maple (Acer circinatum Pursh)/salal, sword-fern (Polystichum munitum (Kaulf.) Presi. var. munitum) and sword-f ern/oxalis (Oxalis oregana Nutt.)--were sampled for soluble nitrogen concentrations. Sampling prior to bud burst in the salal communities showed lower concentrations of soluble nitrogen than in the sword-fern communities. Summer samples showed no significant differences. Results suggest that salal community types experience minimum soluble nitrogen levels throughout the year while sword-fern community types experience higher nitrogen status during winter. Management practices that conserve or add nitrogen are more critical in salal community types. Close

• 76. [Article] Building economically resilient rural communities

  Rural communities will continue to be disproportionately shocked by economic fluctuations. Market forces are likely to lead to the decline of many rural communities and they will need to be economically ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Building economically resilient rural communities Author: Sorte, Bruce Michael Rural communities will continue to be disproportionately shocked by economic fluctuations. Market forces are likely to lead to the decline of many rural communities and they will need to be economically resilient to survive. This thesis draws on several social sciences and the natural sciences to develop ideas that communities can use to respond effectively to economic shocks. Specifically, it uses concepts from Douglas North (institutions, organizations and entrepreneurs), A. 0. Hirschman (exit, voice and loyalty), Emery Castle (rural capital) and others to develop a definition of economic resilience and consider how organizations in rural communities may affect economic resilience. It provides an example of how input-output analysis can be used to compare the impacts of a hypothetical shock under two simulated community response scenarios. Findings of this work include: 1) Resilience and keystone species are two of many concepts developed by the natural sciences that can be adapted to the social sciences to help explain and predict the dynamics of economic change. 2) Organizations, in this simulation, significantly reinforced individual efforts to return to equilibrium after a shock. 3) Institutions, primarily informal ones, will determine the latitude that organizations have to build economic resilience in rural communities. This thesis has shown, within the context of a hypothetical shock and simulated scenarios, that effective organizations, which take responsibility for maintaining community resources and processes, can significantly improve economic resilience. Title: Building economically resilient rural communities Author: Sorte, Bruce Michael Rural communities will continue to be disproportionately shocked by economic fluctuations. Market forces are likely to lead to the decline of many rural communities and they will need to be economically resilient to survive. This thesis draws on several social sciences and the natural sciences to develop ideas that communities can use to respond effectively to economic shocks. Specifically, it uses concepts from Douglas North (institutions, organizations and entrepreneurs), A. 0. Hirschman (exit, voice and loyalty), Emery Castle (rural capital) and others to develop a definition of economic resilience and consider how organizations in rural communities may affect economic resilience. It provides an example of how input-output analysis can be used to compare the impacts of a hypothetical shock under two simulated community response scenarios. Findings of this work include: 1) Resilience and keystone species are two of many concepts developed by the natural sciences that can be adapted to the social sciences to help explain and predict the dynamics of economic change. 2) Organizations, in this simulation, significantly reinforced individual efforts to return to equilibrium after a shock. 3) Institutions, primarily informal ones, will determine the latitude that organizations have to build economic resilience in rural communities. This thesis has shown, within the context of a hypothetical shock and simulated scenarios, that effective organizations, which take responsibility for maintaining community resources and processes, can significantly improve economic resilience. Close

• 77. [Article] The Professional Identity of Community College Faculty Members

  Background: Previous studies suggested that the professional identity of community college faculty is less than clearly articulated. Lack of clarity with regard to professional identity may have impacts ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The Professional Identity of Community College Faculty Members Author: Mohrbacher, Robert C. Background: Previous studies suggested that the professional identity of community college faculty is less than clearly articulated. Lack of clarity with regard to professional identity may have impacts in a number of areas, including recruitment, professional development, and the overall reputation of community colleges. Purpose: To examine how community college faculty members articulate their professional identity and how the discourse around that professional identity affects the social reality of community college faculty members. Setting: Interviews were conducted at “typical case” community colleges in Washington and Oregon: institutions with an annual full-time equivalent (FTE) enrollment of between 3,000 and 10,000 FTE, with a mission mix in which academic transfer students formed the largest percentage of annual enrollments, followed by career and technical education, and then pre- college programs. Subjects: Fifteen faculty members were interviewed at three community colleges. Faculty members were full-time, tenured teaching faculty. Research Design: Qualitative interviews using a semi-structured question matrix; the question matrix was designed to elicit responses related to elements of social identity theory. Data Collection and Analysis: Face to face interviews were conducted on college campuses. Audio recordings were collected, transcribed, then coded using computer-assisted qualitative data analysis software. Coded excerpts were grouped into prominent themes. Findings: Five primary themes were identified from the interview data. • Participants became community college faculty members through an accidental or unexpectedly changed career path. • Teaching was the most salient role feature for community college faculty. • Being involved in a significant committee, professional development project, or other work group was often cited as a marker of professional identity development. • Autonomy, freedom, and flexibility were prominent values attached to the professional roles. • Community college faculty articulated a strong sense of mission; however, that sense of mission tended to vary between three values—a traditional academic paradigm, a workforce development paradigm, and a social justice/student empowerment paradigm. Conclusions: While teaching was the most salient role feature for community college faculty, most had little or no professional training for that role. In addition, the accidental career path that most faculty members experienced may contribute to a sense of luck or randomness that prohibits serious self-examination of the professional role. The strong value placed on autonomy and flexibility by community college faculty members may also inhibit examination of the professional identity. The social identity constructed by the discourse of community college faculty seemed weakly defined from the perspective of social identity theory. Title: The Professional Identity of Community College Faculty Members Author: Mohrbacher, Robert C. Background: Previous studies suggested that the professional identity of community college faculty is less than clearly articulated. Lack of clarity with regard to professional identity may have impacts in a number of areas, including recruitment, professional development, and the overall reputation of community colleges. Purpose: To examine how community college faculty members articulate their professional identity and how the discourse around that professional identity affects the social reality of community college faculty members. Setting: Interviews were conducted at “typical case” community colleges in Washington and Oregon: institutions with an annual full-time equivalent (FTE) enrollment of between 3,000 and 10,000 FTE, with a mission mix in which academic transfer students formed the largest percentage of annual enrollments, followed by career and technical education, and then pre- college programs. Subjects: Fifteen faculty members were interviewed at three community colleges. Faculty members were full-time, tenured teaching faculty. Research Design: Qualitative interviews using a semi-structured question matrix; the question matrix was designed to elicit responses related to elements of social identity theory. Data Collection and Analysis: Face to face interviews were conducted on college campuses. Audio recordings were collected, transcribed, then coded using computer-assisted qualitative data analysis software. Coded excerpts were grouped into prominent themes. Findings: Five primary themes were identified from the interview data. • Participants became community college faculty members through an accidental or unexpectedly changed career path. • Teaching was the most salient role feature for community college faculty. • Being involved in a significant committee, professional development project, or other work group was often cited as a marker of professional identity development. • Autonomy, freedom, and flexibility were prominent values attached to the professional roles. • Community college faculty articulated a strong sense of mission; however, that sense of mission tended to vary between three values—a traditional academic paradigm, a workforce development paradigm, and a social justice/student empowerment paradigm. Conclusions: While teaching was the most salient role feature for community college faculty, most had little or no professional training for that role. In addition, the accidental career path that most faculty members experienced may contribute to a sense of luck or randomness that prohibits serious self-examination of the professional role. The strong value placed on autonomy and flexibility by community college faculty members may also inhibit examination of the professional identity. The social identity constructed by the discourse of community college faculty seemed weakly defined from the perspective of social identity theory. Close

• 78. [Article] Detection of plot-level changes in ectomycorrhizal communities across years in an old-growth mixed-conifer forest

  • Understanding spatial and temporal patterns present in ectomycorrhizal fungal community structure is critical to understanding both the scale and duration of the potential impact these fungi have on ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Detection of plot-level changes in ectomycorrhizal communities across years in an old-growth mixed-conifer forest Author: Bruns, Thomas D., Izzo, Antonio, Agbowo, Josephine • Understanding spatial and temporal patterns present in ectomycorrhizal fungal community structure is critical to understanding both the scale and duration of the potential impact these fungi have on the plant community. While recent studies consider the spatial structure of ectomycorrhizal communities, few studies consider how this changes over time. • Ectomycorrhizal root biomass and the similarity of community composition were measured at scales up to 20 cm replicated in nine plots and over 3 yr. Soil cores were additionally stratified into three depths. • Annual occurrence of the dominant ectomycorrhizal species was constant at larger spatial scales but varied more across years at a fine spatial scale. Turnover of ectomycorrhizal species between years was observed frequently at scales < 20 cm. The ectomycorrhizal community within a plot was more similar across years than it was to other plots sampled in the same year. • Our results demonstrate the dynamic nature of the ectomycorrhizal community even in the absence of large-scale disturbances. The potential role of root turnover and drought stress is discussed. Title: Detection of plot-level changes in ectomycorrhizal communities across years in an old-growth mixed-conifer forest Author: Bruns, Thomas D., Izzo, Antonio, Agbowo, Josephine • Understanding spatial and temporal patterns present in ectomycorrhizal fungal community structure is critical to understanding both the scale and duration of the potential impact these fungi have on the plant community. While recent studies consider the spatial structure of ectomycorrhizal communities, few studies consider how this changes over time. • Ectomycorrhizal root biomass and the similarity of community composition were measured at scales up to 20 cm replicated in nine plots and over 3 yr. Soil cores were additionally stratified into three depths. • Annual occurrence of the dominant ectomycorrhizal species was constant at larger spatial scales but varied more across years at a fine spatial scale. Turnover of ectomycorrhizal species between years was observed frequently at scales < 20 cm. The ectomycorrhizal community within a plot was more similar across years than it was to other plots sampled in the same year. • Our results demonstrate the dynamic nature of the ectomycorrhizal community even in the absence of large-scale disturbances. The potential role of root turnover and drought stress is discussed. Close

• 79. [Article] A summary of the development of community forests in the United States

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: A summary of the development of community forests in the United States Author: Brown, Barton H. Title: A summary of the development of community forests in the United States Author: Brown, Barton H. Close

• 80. [Article] Master-planned in exurbia: Examining the drivers and impacts of master-planned communities at the urban fringe

  To the best of our knowledge, one or more authors of this paper were federal employees when contributing to this work. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by Elsevier ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Master-planned in exurbia: Examining the drivers and impacts of master-planned communities at the urban fringe Author: Tilt, Jenna H., Cerveny, Lee To the best of our knowledge, one or more authors of this paper were federal employees when contributing to this work. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by Elsevier and can be found at: http://www.elsevier.com/. Title: Master-planned in exurbia: Examining the drivers and impacts of master-planned communities at the urban fringe Author: Tilt, Jenna H., Cerveny, Lee To the best of our knowledge, one or more authors of this paper were federal employees when contributing to this work. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by Elsevier and can be found at: http://www.elsevier.com/. Close

• 81. [Article] Broad-scale patterns of invertebrate richness and community composition in temporary rivers: effects of flow intermittence

  To the best of our knowledge, one or more authors of this paper were federal employees when contributing to this work. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by John Wiley ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Broad-scale patterns of invertebrate richness and community composition in temporary rivers: effects of flow intermittence Author: Larned, S. T., Bogan, M. T., Wood, P. J., Santos, A. N., Meyer, E. I., Datry, T., Fritz, K. M. To the best of our knowledge, one or more authors of this paper were federal employees when contributing to this work. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. and can be found at: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1111/(ISSN)1600-0587. Title: Broad-scale patterns of invertebrate richness and community composition in temporary rivers: effects of flow intermittence Author: Larned, S. T., Bogan, M. T., Wood, P. J., Santos, A. N., Meyer, E. I., Datry, T., Fritz, K. M. To the best of our knowledge, one or more authors of this paper were federal employees when contributing to this work. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. and can be found at: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1111/(ISSN)1600-0587. Close

• 82. [Article] Factors and issues surrounding development of one community college baccalaureate degree program

  The purpose of this study is to describe the factors and issues surrounding development of one community college baccalaureate degree program, the three-year Bachelor of Manufacturing Technology at Westark ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Factors and issues surrounding development of one community college baccalaureate degree program Author: McKee, Jonathon V. The purpose of this study is to describe the factors and issues surrounding development of one community college baccalaureate degree program, the three-year Bachelor of Manufacturing Technology at Westark College in Arkansas. This study probes three primary movements at play in the Westark baccalaureate program, which was developed to respond to industry demands. First, and most obvious, this new program proposes that the community college expand its mission to include baccalaureate programs. Second, the Westark program is based on the demonstration of student mastered competencies. Finally, the Westark baccalaureate attempts to integrate the general education requirement into the competency-based curriculum. Individually, these threads are relatively untested. Combining these components into one degree program is a relatively new concept. The intent of this inquiry was not an evaluation of the Westark Bachelor of Manufacturing Technology degree program. What the researcher hoped to accomplish was to uncover the salient factors and issues related to the development of this new program. What was gained through this process is an understanding of how one community college baccalaureate was established, including identifying important themes. Several issues have been described from the interviews and ongoing document search that should be useful for future studies of the community college baccalaureate. Furthermore, the study clearly implies that curricula supporting student master competencies is an entirely different direction of inquiry that is perhaps even more essential than the study of the community college baccalaureate. Whether or not the Westark baccalaureate will be unique to Fort Smith, Arkansas remains to be seen. Other community colleges may attempt to adopt the Westark College model. Lining up the social, economic, political, and pedagogical forces to expand the community college degree offerings to include a baccalaureate that includes integrated student master competencies could be difficult. However, Westark College has provided a model for other community colleges that may currently, or in the future, be considering a bachelor degree program. Title: Factors and issues surrounding development of one community college baccalaureate degree program Author: McKee, Jonathon V. The purpose of this study is to describe the factors and issues surrounding development of one community college baccalaureate degree program, the three-year Bachelor of Manufacturing Technology at Westark College in Arkansas. This study probes three primary movements at play in the Westark baccalaureate program, which was developed to respond to industry demands. First, and most obvious, this new program proposes that the community college expand its mission to include baccalaureate programs. Second, the Westark program is based on the demonstration of student mastered competencies. Finally, the Westark baccalaureate attempts to integrate the general education requirement into the competency-based curriculum. Individually, these threads are relatively untested. Combining these components into one degree program is a relatively new concept. The intent of this inquiry was not an evaluation of the Westark Bachelor of Manufacturing Technology degree program. What the researcher hoped to accomplish was to uncover the salient factors and issues related to the development of this new program. What was gained through this process is an understanding of how one community college baccalaureate was established, including identifying important themes. Several issues have been described from the interviews and ongoing document search that should be useful for future studies of the community college baccalaureate. Furthermore, the study clearly implies that curricula supporting student master competencies is an entirely different direction of inquiry that is perhaps even more essential than the study of the community college baccalaureate. Whether or not the Westark baccalaureate will be unique to Fort Smith, Arkansas remains to be seen. Other community colleges may attempt to adopt the Westark College model. Lining up the social, economic, political, and pedagogical forces to expand the community college degree offerings to include a baccalaureate that includes integrated student master competencies could be difficult. However, Westark College has provided a model for other community colleges that may currently, or in the future, be considering a bachelor degree program. Close

• 83. [Article] Microbial responses to changes in flow status in temporary headwater streams: a cross-system comparison

  This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by Frontiers Research Foundation and can be found at: http://journal.frontiersin.org/journal/microbiology

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Microbial responses to changes in flow status in temporary headwater streams: a cross-system comparison Author: Crump, Byron C., Hosen, Jacob D., Febria, Catherine M., et al. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by Frontiers Research Foundation and can be found at: http://journal.frontiersin.org/journal/microbiology Title: Microbial responses to changes in flow status in temporary headwater streams: a cross-system comparison Author: Crump, Byron C., Hosen, Jacob D., Febria, Catherine M., et al. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by Frontiers Research Foundation and can be found at: http://journal.frontiersin.org/journal/microbiology Close

• 84. [Article] Building social capital through community-agency collaboration : a survey of residents in northeast Washington

  Over the past half century, the USDA Forest Service has increasingly faced diverse and often competing demands for forest resources, ranging from recreation, to ecosystem services, and timber supply. Building ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Building social capital through community-agency collaboration : a survey of residents in northeast Washington Author: Maier, Carolin Over the past half century, the USDA Forest Service has increasingly faced diverse and often competing demands for forest resources, ranging from recreation, to ecosystem services, and timber supply. Building positive community-agency relationships has become increasingly important. Such relationships can improve community support for forest planning and management activities, ultimately making the agency more efficient and effective, while also providing economic and social benefit to local communities. The development of social capital may play an important role in promoting positive agency-community relationships. Broadly defined, the term refers to the social networks between individuals and groups that create a willingness and ability to act collectively toward a common goal. This study focuses on the impact that a partnership between the Colville National Forest and Northeast Washington Forestry Coalition has had on rural Northeast Washington communities. Overall, our study suggests the partnership has positively impacted networks among community members and networks between the community and the Forest Service. However, there is room for improvement. Many study participants were not familiar with important details about the Coalition's membership and objectives, or how its work may impact them or their community. Targeted outreach efforts will likely lead to greater support for the partnership. Such efforts could also strengthen networks among community members and community-agency networks as individuals learn how the partnership can benefit them and issues they care about. Title: Building social capital through community-agency collaboration : a survey of residents in northeast Washington Author: Maier, Carolin Over the past half century, the USDA Forest Service has increasingly faced diverse and often competing demands for forest resources, ranging from recreation, to ecosystem services, and timber supply. Building positive community-agency relationships has become increasingly important. Such relationships can improve community support for forest planning and management activities, ultimately making the agency more efficient and effective, while also providing economic and social benefit to local communities. The development of social capital may play an important role in promoting positive agency-community relationships. Broadly defined, the term refers to the social networks between individuals and groups that create a willingness and ability to act collectively toward a common goal. This study focuses on the impact that a partnership between the Colville National Forest and Northeast Washington Forestry Coalition has had on rural Northeast Washington communities. Overall, our study suggests the partnership has positively impacted networks among community members and networks between the community and the Forest Service. However, there is room for improvement. Many study participants were not familiar with important details about the Coalition's membership and objectives, or how its work may impact them or their community. Targeted outreach efforts will likely lead to greater support for the partnership. Such efforts could also strengthen networks among community members and community-agency networks as individuals learn how the partnership can benefit them and issues they care about. Close

• 85. [Article] Integrating indigenous knowledge into the community development process : the Zimbabwean experience

  This study is a critical ethnography of my professional career as an educator born and raised in the Shona culture in Zimbabwe. In this metaphysical study I reconstruct a worldview that I consider to be ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Integrating indigenous knowledge into the community development process : the Zimbabwean experience Author: Munyaka, Golden This study is a critical ethnography of my professional career as an educator born and raised in the Shona culture in Zimbabwe. In this metaphysical study I reconstruct a worldview that I consider to be representative of Shona customs and beliefs. Doing this project has challenged my own ethnic identity as I struggled to position myself on the emic-etic continuum. As a young educator, I believed my professional practice was rooted in the high professional ethics of "modern science." Today as I come to the end of this particular journey, I have raised more questions than answers. To what extend does "modern science" represent the worldviews of indigenous people like me? More still, to what extent does the development of knowledge and technology engage rural indigenous communities? Is it possible for rural indigenous communities to achieve sustainable development as outsiders to the "scientific" community? The questions I have raised in this study have led me to understand that the current state of "development" as a concept and discourse needs to be redefined from the perspective of ordinary rural people. Universal notions of development have failed to inform policy makers and researchers on how to solve social problems of poverty and access to basic services like clean water, food, shelter, and affordable health care and education. Globalization as the new manifestation of "modernity" is leading to increased exclusion of disadvantaged communities, mostly women and indigenous rural people, from enjoying the benefits of new knowledge and advanced technology. In this dissertation, I review the main paradigms of community development from 1884 when Africa was officially "christianized" at the Berlin Conference. The epistemology of community development gave me a unique opportunity to propose a grassroots model to community development that I refer to as the "G Community Development" theory (or simply the GCD theory). The GCD theory is grounded in the Zimbabwean context and my woridview. This theory is my tentative approach to make sense of the state of the development of indigenous communities in rural Zimbabwe. Under no circumstances do I seek to generalize the application of this theoretical artifact. Title: Integrating indigenous knowledge into the community development process : the Zimbabwean experience Author: Munyaka, Golden This study is a critical ethnography of my professional career as an educator born and raised in the Shona culture in Zimbabwe. In this metaphysical study I reconstruct a worldview that I consider to be representative of Shona customs and beliefs. Doing this project has challenged my own ethnic identity as I struggled to position myself on the emic-etic continuum. As a young educator, I believed my professional practice was rooted in the high professional ethics of "modern science." Today as I come to the end of this particular journey, I have raised more questions than answers. To what extend does "modern science" represent the worldviews of indigenous people like me? More still, to what extent does the development of knowledge and technology engage rural indigenous communities? Is it possible for rural indigenous communities to achieve sustainable development as outsiders to the "scientific" community? The questions I have raised in this study have led me to understand that the current state of "development" as a concept and discourse needs to be redefined from the perspective of ordinary rural people. Universal notions of development have failed to inform policy makers and researchers on how to solve social problems of poverty and access to basic services like clean water, food, shelter, and affordable health care and education. Globalization as the new manifestation of "modernity" is leading to increased exclusion of disadvantaged communities, mostly women and indigenous rural people, from enjoying the benefits of new knowledge and advanced technology. In this dissertation, I review the main paradigms of community development from 1884 when Africa was officially "christianized" at the Berlin Conference. The epistemology of community development gave me a unique opportunity to propose a grassroots model to community development that I refer to as the "G Community Development" theory (or simply the GCD theory). The GCD theory is grounded in the Zimbabwean context and my woridview. This theory is my tentative approach to make sense of the state of the development of indigenous communities in rural Zimbabwe. Under no circumstances do I seek to generalize the application of this theoretical artifact. Close

• 86. [Article] Gendered Leadership? Female Community College Presidents and their Leadership Behaviors

  Considerable research has been done on women and leadership styles, and while most have found very little to no difference in leadership style between men and women, there has been conflict with individual ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Gendered Leadership? Female Community College Presidents and their Leadership Behaviors Author: Rafia, Lida Considerable research has been done on women and leadership styles, and while most have found very little to no difference in leadership style between men and women, there has been conflict with individual gender roles and organizational roles (Eagly & Johnson, 1990; Eddy & Cox, 2008; Kanter, 1997). These studies on gendered organizations led to more questions regarding women's leadership behaviors once in presidency roles. Are women a product of their gendered organization, meaning that their leadership behavior represents a stereotypic male? The purpose of this study is to examine the ways in which gender has had an impact on women community college presidents. With the impending retirement of community college leaders, the need to evaluate current female presidents' respective leadership behaviors can add to understanding of the individual women in these roles, but also to their institutions' cultures of gender and leadership behaviors. Utilizing critical feminist theory, this qualitative narrative analysis examined how gender has impacted the leadership behaviors of current female community college presidents in the Pacific Northwest. The methods used included 90-minute, face-to-face interviews with eight current female community college presidents in the Pacific Northwest. The findings from the study suggest that gender, among other aspects of identity, has affected the leadership behaviors of female community college presidents. The study found that five themes emerged as a result of the data analysis: 1) intersectionality, 2) image, 3) preserving integrity, 4) credibility, 5) authenticity. This study also attempted to understand through research the institutional and society barriers women community college presidents face in order to create positive change for more women to succeed. Title: Gendered Leadership? Female Community College Presidents and their Leadership Behaviors Author: Rafia, Lida Considerable research has been done on women and leadership styles, and while most have found very little to no difference in leadership style between men and women, there has been conflict with individual gender roles and organizational roles (Eagly & Johnson, 1990; Eddy & Cox, 2008; Kanter, 1997). These studies on gendered organizations led to more questions regarding women's leadership behaviors once in presidency roles. Are women a product of their gendered organization, meaning that their leadership behavior represents a stereotypic male? The purpose of this study is to examine the ways in which gender has had an impact on women community college presidents. With the impending retirement of community college leaders, the need to evaluate current female presidents' respective leadership behaviors can add to understanding of the individual women in these roles, but also to their institutions' cultures of gender and leadership behaviors. Utilizing critical feminist theory, this qualitative narrative analysis examined how gender has impacted the leadership behaviors of current female community college presidents in the Pacific Northwest. The methods used included 90-minute, face-to-face interviews with eight current female community college presidents in the Pacific Northwest. The findings from the study suggest that gender, among other aspects of identity, has affected the leadership behaviors of female community college presidents. The study found that five themes emerged as a result of the data analysis: 1) intersectionality, 2) image, 3) preserving integrity, 4) credibility, 5) authenticity. This study also attempted to understand through research the institutional and society barriers women community college presidents face in order to create positive change for more women to succeed. Close

• 87. [Article] Inside a school-university partnership : participation in a community of practice as professional growth

  Research suggests that long-term participation in professional development is critical in helping teachers meet the increasing demands of reform efforts and changing practice (Gallucci, 2003; Darling-Hammond, ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Inside a school-university partnership : participation in a community of practice as professional growth Author: Bottoms, SueAnn I. Research suggests that long-term participation in professional development is critical in helping teachers meet the increasing demands of reform efforts and changing practice (Gallucci, 2003; Darling-Hammond, 1995; Little, 1993). Understanding the influence that participation in a community of teachers as a community of practice may have on teachers’ professional growth requires a deeper understanding of those aspects of teacher community that encourage or discourage participation. This research examines teachers’ perceptions as to why they participate in a community of practice. It also addresses what these perceptions suggest about the potential resources that participation in a community of practice provide in support of professional growth. This study utilizes community of practice as theoretical framework because it encourages thought about learning as participation rather than simply the acquisition of knowledge or skills (Wenger, 1999). This mid-level analysis focuses on the actions, artifacts, tools, stories, events, and discourse of the participants in a given context. It is a critical case study using a phenomenological perspective (Patton, 2005) to understand the essence of the experience of participation from the perspective of the participants themselves. Analysis of participants’ responses indicates that from their perspective, participation in a community of teachers as community of practice through a school-university partnership constitutes a resource for professional growth. Teachers in this study describe their participation in terms of leadership, disengagement, student-centeredness, pedagogy and pedagogical content knowledge, financial and material resources, professional development, collegial interactions and relationships, and shared personal practice. Analysis of participation is characterized by reason(s) for initial participation, for continuing or discontinuing participation, in terms of collegial interactions and relationships, and by changes in participation or experience over time. Title: Inside a school-university partnership : participation in a community of practice as professional growth Author: Bottoms, SueAnn I. Research suggests that long-term participation in professional development is critical in helping teachers meet the increasing demands of reform efforts and changing practice (Gallucci, 2003; Darling-Hammond, 1995; Little, 1993). Understanding the influence that participation in a community of teachers as a community of practice may have on teachers’ professional growth requires a deeper understanding of those aspects of teacher community that encourage or discourage participation. This research examines teachers’ perceptions as to why they participate in a community of practice. It also addresses what these perceptions suggest about the potential resources that participation in a community of practice provide in support of professional growth. This study utilizes community of practice as theoretical framework because it encourages thought about learning as participation rather than simply the acquisition of knowledge or skills (Wenger, 1999). This mid-level analysis focuses on the actions, artifacts, tools, stories, events, and discourse of the participants in a given context. It is a critical case study using a phenomenological perspective (Patton, 2005) to understand the essence of the experience of participation from the perspective of the participants themselves. Analysis of participants’ responses indicates that from their perspective, participation in a community of teachers as community of practice through a school-university partnership constitutes a resource for professional growth. Teachers in this study describe their participation in terms of leadership, disengagement, student-centeredness, pedagogy and pedagogical content knowledge, financial and material resources, professional development, collegial interactions and relationships, and shared personal practice. Analysis of participation is characterized by reason(s) for initial participation, for continuing or discontinuing participation, in terms of collegial interactions and relationships, and by changes in participation or experience over time. Close

• 88. [Article] Models of a four-species annual weed community : growth, competition, and community dynamics

  Models of weed communities aid in the development of weed management strategies and elucidate the processes and mechanisms that regulate plant populations and communities. A conceptual weed community model ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Models of a four-species annual weed community : growth, competition, and community dynamics Author: Roush, Mary Lynn Models of weed communities aid in the development of weed management strategies and elucidate the processes and mechanisms that regulate plant populations and communities. A conceptual weed community model was developed to organize key regulatory life-history processes. Specific investigations focused on the processes of plant growth and competition, and relationships between growth ability and competitive ability. Plant competition was investigated from two perspectives: the intensity of competition and the importance of competition. Intensity is the response of a plant to competition; importance is the role of competition in regulating populations and communities. Recent applications of fundamental yield-density relationships have enhanced interpretations that can be made about the mechanisms and implications of competition. Plant growth and competition experiments were conducted for a community of four annual weed species to 1) quantify competition intensity using yield-density relationships, 2) link processes of plant growth and competition, and 3) characterize the importance of competition in the community. The weed species were Amaranthus retroflexus L., Chenmodium album L., Echinochloa crus-galli L., and Lolium multiflorum Lam.. Experiments were conducted for two years in the field, using isolated, container-grown individuals for growth analysis, and an addition series design for competition. Results indicated strong relationships between plant growth traits and competitive abilities; however, these relationships were sensitive to variation in the environment. Yield-density models and population models suggested that the role of competition in population dynamics varied for the four species, and indicated that other key life-history processes may significantly influence the weed community. In particular, seed bank dynamics and interactions between the environment (temperature and light) and growth, competition and seed bank processes were emphasized for further development and implementation of the weed community model. Title: Models of a four-species annual weed community : growth, competition, and community dynamics Author: Roush, Mary Lynn Models of weed communities aid in the development of weed management strategies and elucidate the processes and mechanisms that regulate plant populations and communities. A conceptual weed community model was developed to organize key regulatory life-history processes. Specific investigations focused on the processes of plant growth and competition, and relationships between growth ability and competitive ability. Plant competition was investigated from two perspectives: the intensity of competition and the importance of competition. Intensity is the response of a plant to competition; importance is the role of competition in regulating populations and communities. Recent applications of fundamental yield-density relationships have enhanced interpretations that can be made about the mechanisms and implications of competition. Plant growth and competition experiments were conducted for a community of four annual weed species to 1) quantify competition intensity using yield-density relationships, 2) link processes of plant growth and competition, and 3) characterize the importance of competition in the community. The weed species were Amaranthus retroflexus L., Chenmodium album L., Echinochloa crus-galli L., and Lolium multiflorum Lam.. Experiments were conducted for two years in the field, using isolated, container-grown individuals for growth analysis, and an addition series design for competition. Results indicated strong relationships between plant growth traits and competitive abilities; however, these relationships were sensitive to variation in the environment. Yield-density models and population models suggested that the role of competition in population dynamics varied for the four species, and indicated that other key life-history processes may significantly influence the weed community. In particular, seed bank dynamics and interactions between the environment (temperature and light) and growth, competition and seed bank processes were emphasized for further development and implementation of the weed community model. Close

• 89. [Article] The effects of increased enrollment of international students on student services at six Washington State community colleges

  Institutions of higher education face a global mandate, understanding and addressing the concept of internationalization in the 21st century. As the world becomes "smaller", there is a need for college ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The effects of increased enrollment of international students on student services at six Washington State community colleges Author: Acob-Nash, Maria Angelica Institutions of higher education face a global mandate, understanding and addressing the concept of internationalization in the 21st century. As the world becomes "smaller", there is a need for college students to expand their awareness and understanding of multinational cultures and issues. Recently, many four-year colleges and universities have taken a strategic approach to internationalization activities on their campuses, including attracting more international students. Two year community colleges, as a whole, have been slower to embrace efforts to increase the number of in-bound international students. Published reports reveal that in the past ten years few community colleges increased the number of inbound international students on their campuses. However, six community colleges in Washington State have significantly increased the number of inbound international students. These community colleges are the six cases selected for this research study. This is a multicase study focused on the responses of student services personnel at six Washington state community colleges to determine what, if any, were the effects on student services, of a significant increase in the number of inbound international students. The study also examined the participants’ opinions as to what other community colleges could do to prepare for an increased number of-inbound international students. The findings, based on interviews with a select number of student services personnel at each of the six colleges, included four themes: (a) personnel considerations, (b) communication issues, (c) physical/space requirements/concerns, and (d) financial and budgetary concerns. From these themes the researcher developed an Inclusivity Transparency Model (ITM). This model seeks to provide a roadmap suggesting how community colleges might prepare for challenges presented by a significant increase in the number of in-bound international students. Title: The effects of increased enrollment of international students on student services at six Washington State community colleges Author: Acob-Nash, Maria Angelica Institutions of higher education face a global mandate, understanding and addressing the concept of internationalization in the 21st century. As the world becomes "smaller", there is a need for college students to expand their awareness and understanding of multinational cultures and issues. Recently, many four-year colleges and universities have taken a strategic approach to internationalization activities on their campuses, including attracting more international students. Two year community colleges, as a whole, have been slower to embrace efforts to increase the number of in-bound international students. Published reports reveal that in the past ten years few community colleges increased the number of inbound international students on their campuses. However, six community colleges in Washington State have significantly increased the number of inbound international students. These community colleges are the six cases selected for this research study. This is a multicase study focused on the responses of student services personnel at six Washington state community colleges to determine what, if any, were the effects on student services, of a significant increase in the number of inbound international students. The study also examined the participants’ opinions as to what other community colleges could do to prepare for an increased number of-inbound international students. The findings, based on interviews with a select number of student services personnel at each of the six colleges, included four themes: (a) personnel considerations, (b) communication issues, (c) physical/space requirements/concerns, and (d) financial and budgetary concerns. From these themes the researcher developed an Inclusivity Transparency Model (ITM). This model seeks to provide a roadmap suggesting how community colleges might prepare for challenges presented by a significant increase in the number of in-bound international students. Close

• 90. [Article] Composition, distribution and succession of subalpine meadows in Mount Rainier National Park

  In 1970 a phytosociological reconnaissance consisting of 135 plots in the Subalpine Meadow Zone was made. These samples were sorted using an association table and several Alpine Zone and very early seral ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Composition, distribution and succession of subalpine meadows in Mount Rainier National Park Author: Henderson, Jan A. In 1970 a phytosociological reconnaissance consisting of 135 plots in the Subalpine Meadow Zone was made. These samples were sorted using an association table and several Alpine Zone and very early seral communities were set aside, An additional hundred plots taken by M. J. Hamann were incorporated with these and compiled in another association table and combined in a two-dimensional ordination. This analysis yielded 18 major and 16 minor described community types which were clustered into five vegetation types. A key to the vegetation and community types is also presented. Soil moisture and temperature data were taken during 1971 and 1972 and are used to help characterize selected important communities. Soil moistures did not drop much during either season, although differences between communities are apparent. The difference in temperatures (of the top 2 cm of soil) of the same selected communities were more striking. The Festuca dominated communities experienced soil temperatures over 35° C, while maximum temperatures in other communities rarely ranged over 20° C. Low night-time temperatures were relatively similar from community to community, ranging from near freezing to about + 5° C. Several successional patterns were uncovered. In general the communities in the Low-Herbaceous Vegetation Type are early seral and are replaced by members of the Wet-Sedge, Lush-Herbaceous and the Dry-Grass Vegetation Types. Trees appear to be invading all vegetation types variation in pattern and frequency. This variation is attributed to differences in soil moisture and temperature and depth and duration of winter snowpack. Analysis of the ages of invading trees indicates that there was an intensive invasion in the early 1930's and several other minor invasion periods Several factors are discussed which must be favorable for the successful invasion of meadows by trees. The Subalpine Meadow Zone, using vegetation types as map units, is mapped at a scale of about 1:50,000 The total area of the meadow vegetation in the zone is 14,650 acres (6,000 hectares). The entire zone including open subalpine woods covers 24,650 acres (10,000 hectares). Title: Composition, distribution and succession of subalpine meadows in Mount Rainier National Park Author: Henderson, Jan A. In 1970 a phytosociological reconnaissance consisting of 135 plots in the Subalpine Meadow Zone was made. These samples were sorted using an association table and several Alpine Zone and very early seral communities were set aside, An additional hundred plots taken by M. J. Hamann were incorporated with these and compiled in another association table and combined in a two-dimensional ordination. This analysis yielded 18 major and 16 minor described community types which were clustered into five vegetation types. A key to the vegetation and community types is also presented. Soil moisture and temperature data were taken during 1971 and 1972 and are used to help characterize selected important communities. Soil moistures did not drop much during either season, although differences between communities are apparent. The difference in temperatures (of the top 2 cm of soil) of the same selected communities were more striking. The Festuca dominated communities experienced soil temperatures over 35° C, while maximum temperatures in other communities rarely ranged over 20° C. Low night-time temperatures were relatively similar from community to community, ranging from near freezing to about + 5° C. Several successional patterns were uncovered. In general the communities in the Low-Herbaceous Vegetation Type are early seral and are replaced by members of the Wet-Sedge, Lush-Herbaceous and the Dry-Grass Vegetation Types. Trees appear to be invading all vegetation types variation in pattern and frequency. This variation is attributed to differences in soil moisture and temperature and depth and duration of winter snowpack. Analysis of the ages of invading trees indicates that there was an intensive invasion in the early 1930's and several other minor invasion periods Several factors are discussed which must be favorable for the successful invasion of meadows by trees. The Subalpine Meadow Zone, using vegetation types as map units, is mapped at a scale of about 1:50,000 The total area of the meadow vegetation in the zone is 14,650 acres (6,000 hectares). The entire zone including open subalpine woods covers 24,650 acres (10,000 hectares). Close

• 91. [Article] The "open door" of Oregon's community colleges : enduring mission or fading vision?

  Community colleges have long been thought of as the "people's college." For some thirty years, Oregonians have looked to their 16 community colleges as the less expensive, more accessible route to a college ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The "open door" of Oregon's community colleges : enduring mission or fading vision? Author: Beebe, Anthony E. Community colleges have long been thought of as the "people's college." For some thirty years, Oregonians have looked to their 16 community colleges as the less expensive, more accessible route to a college education. Oregon's community colleges have traditionally had the broad mission of providing comprehensive educational opportunities to all adults who can profit from the instruction. This foundation of open access, however, has recently been challenged. Issues in Oregon's social, political, and economic environments the past few years have resulted in substantial financial pressure on the community colleges. This situation has prompted many Oregon community college leaders to make tough operational decisions. Rightsizing strategies encompassing all budget categories have been extensive across the state. In many cases, community college leaders have been able to manage decline successfully, maintaining the institution's broad mission. In other cases, however, leaders have selected strategies in direct conflict with the stated mission of open access. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the consistency between the rightsizing behavior of Oregon's community college leaders and the community college mission of open educational access. The study employed a Tylerian objective-oriented evaluation methodology as a theoretical framework. In general, this approach compares the consistency between expected behaviors based on stated goals and demonstrated behaviors as measured via survey instrumentation. Frequency and statistical analyses were employed to address specific research questions developed to guide the study. Overall, there were substantial findings supporting the conclusion that Oregon community college leaders, in both past and planned rightsizing behaviors, were acting consistently with the mission of open educational access. Title: The "open door" of Oregon's community colleges : enduring mission or fading vision? Author: Beebe, Anthony E. Community colleges have long been thought of as the "people's college." For some thirty years, Oregonians have looked to their 16 community colleges as the less expensive, more accessible route to a college education. Oregon's community colleges have traditionally had the broad mission of providing comprehensive educational opportunities to all adults who can profit from the instruction. This foundation of open access, however, has recently been challenged. Issues in Oregon's social, political, and economic environments the past few years have resulted in substantial financial pressure on the community colleges. This situation has prompted many Oregon community college leaders to make tough operational decisions. Rightsizing strategies encompassing all budget categories have been extensive across the state. In many cases, community college leaders have been able to manage decline successfully, maintaining the institution's broad mission. In other cases, however, leaders have selected strategies in direct conflict with the stated mission of open access. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the consistency between the rightsizing behavior of Oregon's community college leaders and the community college mission of open educational access. The study employed a Tylerian objective-oriented evaluation methodology as a theoretical framework. In general, this approach compares the consistency between expected behaviors based on stated goals and demonstrated behaviors as measured via survey instrumentation. Frequency and statistical analyses were employed to address specific research questions developed to guide the study. Overall, there were substantial findings supporting the conclusion that Oregon community college leaders, in both past and planned rightsizing behaviors, were acting consistently with the mission of open educational access. Close

• 92. [Article] A comparison of assessment methods used by community college faculty in face-to-face and online courses

  Online learning has grown exponentially within higher education in the past decade, especially at community colleges. As online course offerings expand community colleges need to assess student learning ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: A comparison of assessment methods used by community college faculty in face-to-face and online courses Author: Wamsley, Lori H. Online learning has grown exponentially within higher education in the past decade, especially at community colleges. As online course offerings expand community colleges need to assess student learning in order to ensure quality learning experiences for students and for accreditation purposes. The purpose of this study was to compare the assessment methods of community college faculty who teach the same course in both face-to-face and online formats, in order to determine the similarities and differences that exist in assessment practices. This study stemmed from the constructionist and pragmatic perspectives of the researcher. Additionally this study asked how community college faculty perceive the effectiveness of different assessment methods on student learning. The method for this research was a qualitative multiple case study in which community college accounting faculty were interviewed to explore how they assess student learning in both the online and face-to-face formats. Homework problems, exams, quizzes were the most commonly used methods of assessment of student learning in both formats by the study participants. Furthermore, exams and quizzes were believed to be most effective in assessing student learning, among the community college faculty members interviewed. Another discovery from this study included the prevalent use of publisher's software,called My Accounting Lab, among community college accounting faculty in administering assessments to students. Additional concerns around assessing online students effectively, managing online student group work, and mitigating online student cheating were also revealed during interviews with study participants. Title: A comparison of assessment methods used by community college faculty in face-to-face and online courses Author: Wamsley, Lori H. Online learning has grown exponentially within higher education in the past decade, especially at community colleges. As online course offerings expand community colleges need to assess student learning in order to ensure quality learning experiences for students and for accreditation purposes. The purpose of this study was to compare the assessment methods of community college faculty who teach the same course in both face-to-face and online formats, in order to determine the similarities and differences that exist in assessment practices. This study stemmed from the constructionist and pragmatic perspectives of the researcher. Additionally this study asked how community college faculty perceive the effectiveness of different assessment methods on student learning. The method for this research was a qualitative multiple case study in which community college accounting faculty were interviewed to explore how they assess student learning in both the online and face-to-face formats. Homework problems, exams, quizzes were the most commonly used methods of assessment of student learning in both formats by the study participants. Furthermore, exams and quizzes were believed to be most effective in assessing student learning, among the community college faculty members interviewed. Another discovery from this study included the prevalent use of publisher's software,called My Accounting Lab, among community college accounting faculty in administering assessments to students. Additional concerns around assessing online students effectively, managing online student group work, and mitigating online student cheating were also revealed during interviews with study participants. Close

• 93. [Article] Investigating the Benefits and Challenges of Community Fishing Associations

  The Magnuson Stevens Act (MSA) 2007 added Limited Access Privilege Programs (LAPP) in order to provide assistance to fishing communities and community-based associations in order to receive quota allocation. ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Investigating the Benefits and Challenges of Community Fishing Associations Author: Wilson, Erin R. The Magnuson Stevens Act (MSA) 2007 added Limited Access Privilege Programs (LAPP) in order to provide assistance to fishing communities and community-based associations in order to receive quota allocation. Community fishing associations (CFAs) are a type of program that falls under the LAPP. The MSA emphasizes several eligibility criteria to qualify for this type of program, including being a defined fishing community and having a historical presence in the various fisheries. Many fishing communities meet these criteria, however they have yet to be federally recognized as an organization that can receive a part of the quota allocation. The purpose of this research is to investigate the benefits and obstacles of CFA implementation, further address the question of how to define a fishing community, and to analyze the overall applicability of these types of programs (to ports, fisheries, etc.). Ethnography and participant observation were used to obtain a variety of experiences and perceptions from members of CFAs and others who hold various roles in fishing communities and/or work with the fishing community, financial sectors, and fisheries management agencies. Results indicate the benefits of a CFA include diversifying a portfolio, business training, and sustainability and conservation practices in the various fisheries. Yet they also indicate that CFAs are not applicable to all fisheries, and demonstrate that there are many fears and misunderstandings regarding the applicability. CFAs need a defined community in order to comply with MSA standards, and usually cannot offer enough incentives to make establishing a CFA worthwhile. Lack of funding, confusion in the language of what a CFA is and can offer, accountability, and agency involvement seem to be important factors that can add hesitance to a group of people considering establishing this type of LAPP. More research on, and defined guidelines about CFA creation, implementation, and quota allocation is needed. Title: Investigating the Benefits and Challenges of Community Fishing Associations Author: Wilson, Erin R. The Magnuson Stevens Act (MSA) 2007 added Limited Access Privilege Programs (LAPP) in order to provide assistance to fishing communities and community-based associations in order to receive quota allocation. Community fishing associations (CFAs) are a type of program that falls under the LAPP. The MSA emphasizes several eligibility criteria to qualify for this type of program, including being a defined fishing community and having a historical presence in the various fisheries. Many fishing communities meet these criteria, however they have yet to be federally recognized as an organization that can receive a part of the quota allocation. The purpose of this research is to investigate the benefits and obstacles of CFA implementation, further address the question of how to define a fishing community, and to analyze the overall applicability of these types of programs (to ports, fisheries, etc.). Ethnography and participant observation were used to obtain a variety of experiences and perceptions from members of CFAs and others who hold various roles in fishing communities and/or work with the fishing community, financial sectors, and fisheries management agencies. Results indicate the benefits of a CFA include diversifying a portfolio, business training, and sustainability and conservation practices in the various fisheries. Yet they also indicate that CFAs are not applicable to all fisheries, and demonstrate that there are many fears and misunderstandings regarding the applicability. CFAs need a defined community in order to comply with MSA standards, and usually cannot offer enough incentives to make establishing a CFA worthwhile. Lack of funding, confusion in the language of what a CFA is and can offer, accountability, and agency involvement seem to be important factors that can add hesitance to a group of people considering establishing this type of LAPP. More research on, and defined guidelines about CFA creation, implementation, and quota allocation is needed. Close

• 94. [Article] An ecological study of the vegetation of the Bear River Migratory Bird Refuge, Box Elder County, Utah

  During the summers of 1971, 1972, and 1973, a general floristic ecological survey of the naturally-occurring vegetation of the Bear River Migratory Bird Refuge in Utah was carried out. Ten community types ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: An ecological study of the vegetation of the Bear River Migratory Bird Refuge, Box Elder County, Utah Author: Kaltwasser, Robert George During the summers of 1971, 1972, and 1973, a general floristic ecological survey of the naturally-occurring vegetation of the Bear River Migratory Bird Refuge in Utah was carried out. Ten community types were identified and characterized. These included two aquatic communities, the Potamogeton pectinatus (Pope) and the Ruppia maritima/ Zannichellia palustris (Ruma/Zapa) communities. There were also three typically emergent communities, the Scirpus acutus (Scac), Typha latifolia (Tyla), and Scirpus maritimus paludosus (Scma) communities. And finally, there were five basically terrestrial communities, the Distichlis spicata stricta (Disp), Distichlis spicata stricta/Hordeum jubatum (Disp/Hoju), Salicornia europaea rubra (Saeu), Agropyron cristatum/Atriplex/Sacrobatus vermiculatus (Agcr/ At/Save), and Suaeda depressa/Bassia hyssopifolia/Lepidium perfoliatum (Sude/Bahy/Lepe) communities. The ten communities characterized were interrelated and related to the two apparently overriding environmental factors, soil moisture and soil salinity. The mean soil moisture of the ten communities ranged from wet to dry as follows: Pope, Ruma/Zapa, Scma, Scac, Tyla, Disp, Sude/ Bahy/Lepe, Saeu, Disp/Hoju, Agcr/At/Save. When the ten communities were arranged from mean high to low salinity, they fell in the following order: Saeu, Sude/Bahy/Lepe, Ruma/Zapa, Scma, Disp, Pope, Tyla, Disp/Hoju, Scac, Agcr/ At/Save. The total known flora of the Bear River Refuge has increased from 92 species in 1935 to 160 species in 1972. The increase came largely as a result of the introduction of "exotics" from surrounding areas. The three largest families in 1935 were (1) Compositae, (2) Chenopodiaceae, and (3) Gramineae. In 1972 the three largest families were (1) Compositae, (2) Gramineae, and (3) Chenopodiaceae. Based on trends of vegetative development and a continuation of present management practices, coupled with a further amelioration of edaphic conditions, as new silt and a supply of relatively fresh water continue, a further increase in species diversity is predicted. Title: An ecological study of the vegetation of the Bear River Migratory Bird Refuge, Box Elder County, Utah Author: Kaltwasser, Robert George During the summers of 1971, 1972, and 1973, a general floristic ecological survey of the naturally-occurring vegetation of the Bear River Migratory Bird Refuge in Utah was carried out. Ten community types were identified and characterized. These included two aquatic communities, the Potamogeton pectinatus (Pope) and the Ruppia maritima/ Zannichellia palustris (Ruma/Zapa) communities. There were also three typically emergent communities, the Scirpus acutus (Scac), Typha latifolia (Tyla), and Scirpus maritimus paludosus (Scma) communities. And finally, there were five basically terrestrial communities, the Distichlis spicata stricta (Disp), Distichlis spicata stricta/Hordeum jubatum (Disp/Hoju), Salicornia europaea rubra (Saeu), Agropyron cristatum/Atriplex/Sacrobatus vermiculatus (Agcr/ At/Save), and Suaeda depressa/Bassia hyssopifolia/Lepidium perfoliatum (Sude/Bahy/Lepe) communities. The ten communities characterized were interrelated and related to the two apparently overriding environmental factors, soil moisture and soil salinity. The mean soil moisture of the ten communities ranged from wet to dry as follows: Pope, Ruma/Zapa, Scma, Scac, Tyla, Disp, Sude/ Bahy/Lepe, Saeu, Disp/Hoju, Agcr/At/Save. When the ten communities were arranged from mean high to low salinity, they fell in the following order: Saeu, Sude/Bahy/Lepe, Ruma/Zapa, Scma, Disp, Pope, Tyla, Disp/Hoju, Scac, Agcr/ At/Save. The total known flora of the Bear River Refuge has increased from 92 species in 1935 to 160 species in 1972. The increase came largely as a result of the introduction of "exotics" from surrounding areas. The three largest families in 1935 were (1) Compositae, (2) Chenopodiaceae, and (3) Gramineae. In 1972 the three largest families were (1) Compositae, (2) Gramineae, and (3) Chenopodiaceae. Based on trends of vegetative development and a continuation of present management practices, coupled with a further amelioration of edaphic conditions, as new silt and a supply of relatively fresh water continue, a further increase in species diversity is predicted. Close

• 95. [Article] Hearing their voices : college experiences of urban American Indian women

  The purpose of this study is to explore, through their own voices, the higher education experiences of selected urban American Indian females in California community colleges. This study is an attempt ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Hearing their voices : college experiences of urban American Indian women Author: Berry, Linda Converse The purpose of this study is to explore, through their own voices, the higher education experiences of selected urban American Indian females in California community colleges. This study is an attempt to identify pathways to academic success by teasing out college practices and support systems that help Native women navigate educational paths in community colleges. Five urban Native women were selected through convenience sampling to participate in in-depth interviews that reveal their college-going experiences in community colleges in the San Francisco Bay Area of Northern California. A narrative inquiry research design was used in this qualitative study as a means to uncover the lived experience of these Native women in California community colleges. Their stories, in their own voices, reveal how they were assisted or hampered in their pursuit of education goals. Six themes in common emerged from their stories: 1. Perseverance in Higher Education 2. Academic Aptitude and Success 3. Institutional Support 4. Challenges and Barriers 5. Native American Identity and Self-Image 6. Invisibility and Isolation The exploration of challenges, barriers, and institutional support that influenced academic success for these five women assists community college leaders in understanding ways in which those challenges and barriers can be overcome. An intended outcome of this study is to influence instructional and student support practices in order to expand opportunities for success for Native women. Title: Hearing their voices : college experiences of urban American Indian women Author: Berry, Linda Converse The purpose of this study is to explore, through their own voices, the higher education experiences of selected urban American Indian females in California community colleges. This study is an attempt to identify pathways to academic success by teasing out college practices and support systems that help Native women navigate educational paths in community colleges. Five urban Native women were selected through convenience sampling to participate in in-depth interviews that reveal their college-going experiences in community colleges in the San Francisco Bay Area of Northern California. A narrative inquiry research design was used in this qualitative study as a means to uncover the lived experience of these Native women in California community colleges. Their stories, in their own voices, reveal how they were assisted or hampered in their pursuit of education goals. Six themes in common emerged from their stories: 1. Perseverance in Higher Education 2. Academic Aptitude and Success 3. Institutional Support 4. Challenges and Barriers 5. Native American Identity and Self-Image 6. Invisibility and Isolation The exploration of challenges, barriers, and institutional support that influenced academic success for these five women assists community college leaders in understanding ways in which those challenges and barriers can be overcome. An intended outcome of this study is to influence instructional and student support practices in order to expand opportunities for success for Native women. Close

• 96. [Article] Impacts of MPA on Coastal Communities‚ Resource Use Behaviour: Case of Mafia Island Marine Park, Tanzania

  Abstract Only

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Impacts of MPA on Coastal Communities‚ Resource Use Behaviour: Case of Mafia Island Marine Park, Tanzania Author: Mulyila, Esther Abstract Only Title: Impacts of MPA on Coastal Communities‚ Resource Use Behaviour: Case of Mafia Island Marine Park, Tanzania Author: Mulyila, Esther Abstract Only Close

• 97. [Article] Continuity & Change: Commercial Fishing & Community Resilience on the Oregon Coast

  2017

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Continuity & Change: Commercial Fishing & Community Resilience on the Oregon Coast Author: Flathers, Courtney 2017 Title: Continuity & Change: Commercial Fishing & Community Resilience on the Oregon Coast Author: Flathers, Courtney 2017 Close

• 98. [Article] Latinos, loggers and old hippies : rural revitalization in the Pacific Northwest

  This ethnography looks at the processes a rural Oregon community is undergoing as some members attempt to re-animate the community by creating a community center after the loss of its school and market, ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Latinos, loggers and old hippies : rural revitalization in the Pacific Northwest Author: Kubein, Adele This ethnography looks at the processes a rural Oregon community is undergoing as some members attempt to re-animate the community by creating a community center after the loss of its school and market, two vital services that provided venues for social interaction and engagement. The methodology for this research includes ethnographic interviews and coding, with grounded theory analysis. Triangulation was conducted with participant observation and analysis of pre-existing data. This research project draws from a participatory action research (PAR) methodology to generate relevant and accessible information (Whyte 1991). This revitalization project is led primarily by women who draw on varied professional and service-oriented backgrounds to seek funding, plan the project, and run the day-to-day operations of the Community Center. Though this project is led by a long-standing group of community leaders, two important community groups were excluded from the planning process. The Board failed to reach out to low-income Anglo and Latino/a community members in the planning process. This omission led to a diminished user and supporter base for the Community Center and precluded expanded funding opportunities for the project. Interviews with members of the Latina community provided a picture of a group of women equally determined to achieve their goals. These mothers perceived many of the same needs that other community members did, such as the need for youth services, childcare, and transportation. But they had the added burdens of language and exclusion which created further barriers to what they considered advancement. Low-income Anglo informants produced the same perceptions of need, but also provided a rich view of rural subsistence strategies and lifestyles. Low-income Anglo families did not feel as excluded from the Center's planning and activities, but they were still isolated by lack of transportation. Their exclusion was mainly by choice rather than due to the barriers which precluded Latina participation. After analysis of interviews and board/community interactions, I developed a list of recommendations for the Alpine Community Center Board. My recommendations to the Board are as follows: • Create Services for Latino/a residents. • The Board should pursue funding targeted to underserved populations. • Expand offerings for youth. • The Board should actively pursue methods of providing transportation to the center. • Seek means of improving leadership capacity of the Board through seminars, publications and associations with learning institutions and local professionals. • Target outreach to underserved populations in order to invite participation in planning meetings and raise the level of community engagement. Some of my recommendations have been implemented by the Board as it continues to plan the project and operate the Center, though the Board still has a ways to go toward full inclusion of diverse community members. My findings regarding rural Latino/a and low income Anglo subsistence strategies and lifestyles have the potential to add to the body of knowledge regarding rural life and rural community revitalization. Title: Latinos, loggers and old hippies : rural revitalization in the Pacific Northwest Author: Kubein, Adele This ethnography looks at the processes a rural Oregon community is undergoing as some members attempt to re-animate the community by creating a community center after the loss of its school and market, two vital services that provided venues for social interaction and engagement. The methodology for this research includes ethnographic interviews and coding, with grounded theory analysis. Triangulation was conducted with participant observation and analysis of pre-existing data. This research project draws from a participatory action research (PAR) methodology to generate relevant and accessible information (Whyte 1991). This revitalization project is led primarily by women who draw on varied professional and service-oriented backgrounds to seek funding, plan the project, and run the day-to-day operations of the Community Center. Though this project is led by a long-standing group of community leaders, two important community groups were excluded from the planning process. The Board failed to reach out to low-income Anglo and Latino/a community members in the planning process. This omission led to a diminished user and supporter base for the Community Center and precluded expanded funding opportunities for the project. Interviews with members of the Latina community provided a picture of a group of women equally determined to achieve their goals. These mothers perceived many of the same needs that other community members did, such as the need for youth services, childcare, and transportation. But they had the added burdens of language and exclusion which created further barriers to what they considered advancement. Low-income Anglo informants produced the same perceptions of need, but also provided a rich view of rural subsistence strategies and lifestyles. Low-income Anglo families did not feel as excluded from the Center's planning and activities, but they were still isolated by lack of transportation. Their exclusion was mainly by choice rather than due to the barriers which precluded Latina participation. After analysis of interviews and board/community interactions, I developed a list of recommendations for the Alpine Community Center Board. My recommendations to the Board are as follows: • Create Services for Latino/a residents. • The Board should pursue funding targeted to underserved populations. • Expand offerings for youth. • The Board should actively pursue methods of providing transportation to the center. • Seek means of improving leadership capacity of the Board through seminars, publications and associations with learning institutions and local professionals. • Target outreach to underserved populations in order to invite participation in planning meetings and raise the level of community engagement. Some of my recommendations have been implemented by the Board as it continues to plan the project and operate the Center, though the Board still has a ways to go toward full inclusion of diverse community members. My findings regarding rural Latino/a and low income Anglo subsistence strategies and lifestyles have the potential to add to the body of knowledge regarding rural life and rural community revitalization. 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• 99. [Article] Lesbian leaders in action : influencing and transforming community college culture

  The purpose of this study is to explore through their own stories and journeys (storjourns), how lesbian leaders influence and transform dominant community college culture. Five lesbian leaders participated ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Lesbian leaders in action : influencing and transforming community college culture Author: Kenney, Rebecca J. The purpose of this study is to explore through their own stories and journeys (storjourns), how lesbian leaders influence and transform dominant community college culture. Five lesbian leaders participated who held the position of Director, Associate Dean, Dean, Executive Vice President, and President/Executive Dean. This microethnographical inquiry divulges and makes public the actions, pathways and tools that these lesbian leaders in community colleges used to influence and transform their heteronormative community college cultures in ways of social, cultural, and educational justice and equity. Two research questions guided this inquiry: 1. In what ways do lesbian leaders of community colleges influence the dominant heterosexual community college culture? 2. In what ways do lesbian leaders of community colleges transform the dominant heterosexual community college culture? A critical microethnography research design was used in this qualitative study to focus on a group of lesbian leaders in community college with a shared culture who seek social justice from homonegative college cultures through reflection, action and change. Their storjourns reveal through their own voices the tools and pathways used to influence and transform community colleges to be more socially, culturally, and educationally equitable for all who enter the doors and exact justice for all. Six evolutionary themes emerged from their storjourns: 1. Relationship Building and Coming Out in the Workplace 2. Safety 3. Mentorship 4. Policy and Power 5. Influencing Community College Culture 6. Transforming Community College Culture These leaders actions have proven to be successful throughout the progression of their careers as out lesbian leaders. The results of this study challenge lesbian leaders in community colleges to realize and help establish a new and fully inclusive culture by moving beyond a passive or adaptive style of leadership. Their pathways and tools are made public through this study for all other lesbian leaders to follow and use. One intended outcome of this study is for lesbian leaders to become or remain out and promote the community college mission of open access by bringing their whole selves to the leadership experience each day to influence and transform community colleges across the country. Title: Lesbian leaders in action : influencing and transforming community college culture Author: Kenney, Rebecca J. The purpose of this study is to explore through their own stories and journeys (storjourns), how lesbian leaders influence and transform dominant community college culture. Five lesbian leaders participated who held the position of Director, Associate Dean, Dean, Executive Vice President, and President/Executive Dean. This microethnographical inquiry divulges and makes public the actions, pathways and tools that these lesbian leaders in community colleges used to influence and transform their heteronormative community college cultures in ways of social, cultural, and educational justice and equity. Two research questions guided this inquiry: 1. In what ways do lesbian leaders of community colleges influence the dominant heterosexual community college culture? 2. In what ways do lesbian leaders of community colleges transform the dominant heterosexual community college culture? A critical microethnography research design was used in this qualitative study to focus on a group of lesbian leaders in community college with a shared culture who seek social justice from homonegative college cultures through reflection, action and change. Their storjourns reveal through their own voices the tools and pathways used to influence and transform community colleges to be more socially, culturally, and educationally equitable for all who enter the doors and exact justice for all. Six evolutionary themes emerged from their storjourns: 1. Relationship Building and Coming Out in the Workplace 2. Safety 3. Mentorship 4. Policy and Power 5. Influencing Community College Culture 6. Transforming Community College Culture These leaders actions have proven to be successful throughout the progression of their careers as out lesbian leaders. The results of this study challenge lesbian leaders in community colleges to realize and help establish a new and fully inclusive culture by moving beyond a passive or adaptive style of leadership. Their pathways and tools are made public through this study for all other lesbian leaders to follow and use. One intended outcome of this study is for lesbian leaders to become or remain out and promote the community college mission of open access by bringing their whole selves to the leadership experience each day to influence and transform community colleges across the country. Close

• 100. [Article] Vegetation ecology and net primary productivity of selected freshwater wetlands in Oregon

  Vegetation ecology of eight Oregon freshwater wetlands was described and net aerial primary productivity estimated in four wetlands. Plant cover samples were used to classify 37 wetland and 11 terrestrial ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Vegetation ecology and net primary productivity of selected freshwater wetlands in Oregon Author: Boss, Theodore R. (Theodore Robert) Vegetation ecology of eight Oregon freshwater wetlands was described and net aerial primary productivity estimated in four wetlands. Plant cover samples were used to classify 37 wetland and 11 terrestrial communities by agglomerative hierarchical clustering. Samples and species were ordinated. Direct measurements were made of sample relative elevation, inundation duration, and soil saturation. Within- (alpha) and between- (beta) diversities were determined for communities. Alpha diversity was correlated with wetland elevation/ inundation-soil saturation gradient. Three coastal zone wetlands were studied: Daley Lake, Bayocean, and Rockaway within which 12 wetland and four terrestrial communities were identified. Alpha diversity for Daley Lake and Bayocean emergent wetlands increased with increasing elevation and decreasing inundation period (mean r² = 0.51 and 0.53 respectively). High beta diversities within these wetlands suggests community distinctiveness. Mean productivity at Daley Lake was 2872 g/m²/yr. Three Willamette Valley wetlands were studied: Frazier- Jackson, Gray Creek, and Fern Ridge within which 14 wetland and three terrestrial communities were identified. Alpha diversity increased with decreasing inundation (mean r² = 0.54). High beta diversity reflected community homogenity. Mean productivity for the Fern Ridge wetland was 1837 g/m ² /yr. Seven wetland communities, including two wetland community types (tall perennial and prostrate perennial), and two terrestrial assemblages were identified within the Cascade Mountains' Davis Lake site. For the total wetland system, alpha diversity increased along the elevation/inundation gradient (mean r ² = 0.52). Beta diversity of prominent communities suggests vegetative homogenity. Mean productivity for the tall perennial wetland type was 1325 g/m²/yr and for the prostrate perennial type 207 g/m ² /yr. The Lookout Creek wetland site in the Ochoco Mountains included four wetland and two terrestrial communities. Greatest overall alpha diversity was in the moderately saturated areas. The Lookout Creek wetland communities were vegetatively distinct. Mean productivity for the Lookout Creek wetland was 889 g/m²/yr. Floristic similarities among all 37 wetland communities were analyzed. Generally, communities within the same wetland were floristically more similar to each other than to communities of other wetlands. Emergent plant communities west of the Cascade Mountains tended to be more floristically similar to one another than to those of central Oregon. Forested wetland plant communities were floristically dissimilar to emergent wetland communities. Title: Vegetation ecology and net primary productivity of selected freshwater wetlands in Oregon Author: Boss, Theodore R. (Theodore Robert) Vegetation ecology of eight Oregon freshwater wetlands was described and net aerial primary productivity estimated in four wetlands. Plant cover samples were used to classify 37 wetland and 11 terrestrial communities by agglomerative hierarchical clustering. Samples and species were ordinated. Direct measurements were made of sample relative elevation, inundation duration, and soil saturation. Within- (alpha) and between- (beta) diversities were determined for communities. Alpha diversity was correlated with wetland elevation/ inundation-soil saturation gradient. Three coastal zone wetlands were studied: Daley Lake, Bayocean, and Rockaway within which 12 wetland and four terrestrial communities were identified. Alpha diversity for Daley Lake and Bayocean emergent wetlands increased with increasing elevation and decreasing inundation period (mean r² = 0.51 and 0.53 respectively). High beta diversities within these wetlands suggests community distinctiveness. Mean productivity at Daley Lake was 2872 g/m²/yr. Three Willamette Valley wetlands were studied: Frazier- Jackson, Gray Creek, and Fern Ridge within which 14 wetland and three terrestrial communities were identified. Alpha diversity increased with decreasing inundation (mean r² = 0.54). High beta diversity reflected community homogenity. Mean productivity for the Fern Ridge wetland was 1837 g/m ² /yr. Seven wetland communities, including two wetland community types (tall perennial and prostrate perennial), and two terrestrial assemblages were identified within the Cascade Mountains' Davis Lake site. For the total wetland system, alpha diversity increased along the elevation/inundation gradient (mean r ² = 0.52). Beta diversity of prominent communities suggests vegetative homogenity. Mean productivity for the tall perennial wetland type was 1325 g/m²/yr and for the prostrate perennial type 207 g/m ² /yr. The Lookout Creek wetland site in the Ochoco Mountains included four wetland and two terrestrial communities. Greatest overall alpha diversity was in the moderately saturated areas. The Lookout Creek wetland communities were vegetatively distinct. Mean productivity for the Lookout Creek wetland was 889 g/m²/yr. Floristic similarities among all 37 wetland communities were analyzed. Generally, communities within the same wetland were floristically more similar to each other than to communities of other wetlands. Emergent plant communities west of the Cascade Mountains tended to be more floristically similar to one another than to those of central Oregon. Forested wetland plant communities were floristically dissimilar to emergent wetland communities. Close