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• 71. [Article] Bayocean Spit, Tillamook, Oregon; early economic development and erosion history

  Bayocean sand spit lies along the northern Oregon coast approximately 70 miles south of the Columbia River. Work was begun on the construction of a large recreational resort on the spit in the early 1900's. ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Bayocean Spit, Tillamook, Oregon; early economic development and erosion history Author: Terich, Thomas Bayocean sand spit lies along the northern Oregon coast approximately 70 miles south of the Columbia River. Work was begun on the construction of a large recreational resort on the spit in the early 1900's. At the outset, the resort appeared to have a promising future. However, a three-year delay in the completion of the railroad to Tillamook created financial instability and lawsuits which continued up to the depression of the early 1930's. There soon followed severe erosion of Bayocean spit leading to its breaching in 1952 and forcing the abandonment of the deteriorated resort. The erosion appeared to have been initiated by the construction and subsequent lengthening of a north jetty to the Tillamook Bay channel. Rapid sand deposition north of the north jetty indicated that the structure had blocked a predominant north to south longshore sand transport, thus depriving the spit of sand and resulting in erosion.Similar occurrences have been documented at other coastal locations. However, analysis of historical shoreline changes and aerial photographs taken in 1971, 1972 and 1973 show that sand eroded from beaches to the north and to the south of the jetty has been transported and deposited immediately adjacent to both sides of the structure. This symmetrical pattern of erosion and deposition on both sides of the jetty indicates a reversing longshore sand transport with a nearzero net annual drift. The shoreline conditions at Bayocean demonstrate that beach erosion can result, from the construction of a jetty transverse to a seasonally reversing longshore sand transport with a near-zero net drift. Title: Bayocean Spit, Tillamook, Oregon; early economic development and erosion history Author: Terich, Thomas Bayocean sand spit lies along the northern Oregon coast approximately 70 miles south of the Columbia River. Work was begun on the construction of a large recreational resort on the spit in the early 1900's. At the outset, the resort appeared to have a promising future. However, a three-year delay in the completion of the railroad to Tillamook created financial instability and lawsuits which continued up to the depression of the early 1930's. There soon followed severe erosion of Bayocean spit leading to its breaching in 1952 and forcing the abandonment of the deteriorated resort. The erosion appeared to have been initiated by the construction and subsequent lengthening of a north jetty to the Tillamook Bay channel. Rapid sand deposition north of the north jetty indicated that the structure had blocked a predominant north to south longshore sand transport, thus depriving the spit of sand and resulting in erosion.Similar occurrences have been documented at other coastal locations. However, analysis of historical shoreline changes and aerial photographs taken in 1971, 1972 and 1973 show that sand eroded from beaches to the north and to the south of the jetty has been transported and deposited immediately adjacent to both sides of the structure. This symmetrical pattern of erosion and deposition on both sides of the jetty indicates a reversing longshore sand transport with a nearzero net annual drift. The shoreline conditions at Bayocean demonstrate that beach erosion can result, from the construction of a jetty transverse to a seasonally reversing longshore sand transport with a near-zero net drift. Close

• 72. [Article] Federal forest revenue-sharing in coastal Oregon : an assessment of historical and future tax equivalence

  Public land ownership withdraws property from the tax base of local property tax districts. Publicly-managed lands occupy approximately 17.5 million acres of forested lands in Oregon (inclusive of federal, ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Federal forest revenue-sharing in coastal Oregon : an assessment of historical and future tax equivalence Author: Powell, Leslie A. (Leslie Ann) Public land ownership withdraws property from the tax base of local property tax districts. Publicly-managed lands occupy approximately 17.5 million acres of forested lands in Oregon (inclusive of federal, state, and county ownership). To compensate local taxing districts for foregone property tax collections, Congress enacted a series of federal revenue-sharing programs. This thesis examined whether the timber-based revenue-sharing programs have provided equivalent substitutions and whether they will be able to provide equivalent substitutions in the future. Two time periods and four coastal Oregon counties were chosen for the analysis: the recent past (1 982-1 989), the near future (1 995-2000), and Clatsop, Coos, Curry, and Tillamook counties. This study had three specific objectives: to assess the equivalence of the historic level of federal timber revenue-sharing receipts received by local governments; to assess the equivalence of the future level of federal timber revenue-sharing receipts to be received by local governments in light of the proposed federal management plans; and to identify options for achieving equivalence in the future. Two tests of equivalence were considered relevant: whether the federal contributions were equivalent relative to all other property tax sources; and whether the federal contributions were equitable relative to all other timber tax sources. In terms of property taxes, the federal revenue-sharing monies received per dollar of property value by the local governments in this study were less relative to all other property tax sources. In terms of timber receipts, the federal revenue-sharing monies received per forest acre by the local governments in this study were greater relative to average private timber receipts. In general, these conclusions held true in the near future, across a range of likely federal management scenarios. Several options for achieving equivalence in the near future were evaluated, including changes in the federal timber-revenue distribution formulas, varied harvest levels, and the development of other "in-lieu" tax programs. Title: Federal forest revenue-sharing in coastal Oregon : an assessment of historical and future tax equivalence Author: Powell, Leslie A. (Leslie Ann) Public land ownership withdraws property from the tax base of local property tax districts. Publicly-managed lands occupy approximately 17.5 million acres of forested lands in Oregon (inclusive of federal, state, and county ownership). To compensate local taxing districts for foregone property tax collections, Congress enacted a series of federal revenue-sharing programs. This thesis examined whether the timber-based revenue-sharing programs have provided equivalent substitutions and whether they will be able to provide equivalent substitutions in the future. Two time periods and four coastal Oregon counties were chosen for the analysis: the recent past (1 982-1 989), the near future (1 995-2000), and Clatsop, Coos, Curry, and Tillamook counties. This study had three specific objectives: to assess the equivalence of the historic level of federal timber revenue-sharing receipts received by local governments; to assess the equivalence of the future level of federal timber revenue-sharing receipts to be received by local governments in light of the proposed federal management plans; and to identify options for achieving equivalence in the future. Two tests of equivalence were considered relevant: whether the federal contributions were equivalent relative to all other property tax sources; and whether the federal contributions were equitable relative to all other timber tax sources. In terms of property taxes, the federal revenue-sharing monies received per dollar of property value by the local governments in this study were less relative to all other property tax sources. In terms of timber receipts, the federal revenue-sharing monies received per forest acre by the local governments in this study were greater relative to average private timber receipts. In general, these conclusions held true in the near future, across a range of likely federal management scenarios. Several options for achieving equivalence in the near future were evaluated, including changes in the federal timber-revenue distribution formulas, varied harvest levels, and the development of other "in-lieu" tax programs. Close

• 73. [Article] Description of the plant communities and succession of the Oregon coast grasslands

  In an effort to describe the plant communities and succession of the Oregon coastal grasslands, vegetation and environmental data were collected from 75 stands at 24 separate locations ranging from Cape ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Description of the plant communities and succession of the Oregon coast grasslands Author: Ripley, James Douglas In an effort to describe the plant communities and succession of the Oregon coastal grasslands, vegetation and environmental data were collected from 75 stands at 24 separate locations ranging from Cape Falcon in Tillamook County to Cape Ferrelo in Curry County. The vegetation data consisted of cover and frequency values for vascular plants and the environmental data included wind and salt spray exposure measurements, slope, aspect and a variety of soil properties. The vascular flora encountered consisted of 249 specific and intraspecific native and introduced taxa representing 166 genera and 55 families. An annotated catalogue of the flora was prepared. The vegetation data were analyzed using detrended correspondence analysis (DCA) and the TWINSPAN clustering program. These multivariate analyses served as the basis for the classification of the vegetation into seven community types (Carex obnupta, Calamagrostis nutkaensis/Elymus glaucus, Heracleum lanatum/Vicia gigantea, Lomatium martindalei/Koeleria cristata, Danthonia californica/Aira caryophyllea, Holcus lanatus/ Anthoxanthum odoratum and Fragaria chiloensis/Armeria maritima). Using correlations of the DCA scores with environmental variables, the first DCA axis was interpreted as representing a moisture gradient while the second DCA axis was interpreted as representing a latitudinal gradient. Vegetation data were collected from paired transects on grazed and ungrazed grasslands along fence lines in an effort to determine compositional changes with grazing. It was concluded that grazing led to a decrease in shrub cover and substantial increases in the number and cover of annual taxa. Documentation of successional changes in the grassland vegetation was obtained from historical written accounts and photographs. It was concluded that the Oregon coastal grasslands are undergoing a succession to shrub and tree dominated communities due largely to the exclusion of fire. Title: Description of the plant communities and succession of the Oregon coast grasslands Author: Ripley, James Douglas In an effort to describe the plant communities and succession of the Oregon coastal grasslands, vegetation and environmental data were collected from 75 stands at 24 separate locations ranging from Cape Falcon in Tillamook County to Cape Ferrelo in Curry County. The vegetation data consisted of cover and frequency values for vascular plants and the environmental data included wind and salt spray exposure measurements, slope, aspect and a variety of soil properties. The vascular flora encountered consisted of 249 specific and intraspecific native and introduced taxa representing 166 genera and 55 families. An annotated catalogue of the flora was prepared. The vegetation data were analyzed using detrended correspondence analysis (DCA) and the TWINSPAN clustering program. These multivariate analyses served as the basis for the classification of the vegetation into seven community types (Carex obnupta, Calamagrostis nutkaensis/Elymus glaucus, Heracleum lanatum/Vicia gigantea, Lomatium martindalei/Koeleria cristata, Danthonia californica/Aira caryophyllea, Holcus lanatus/ Anthoxanthum odoratum and Fragaria chiloensis/Armeria maritima). Using correlations of the DCA scores with environmental variables, the first DCA axis was interpreted as representing a moisture gradient while the second DCA axis was interpreted as representing a latitudinal gradient. Vegetation data were collected from paired transects on grazed and ungrazed grasslands along fence lines in an effort to determine compositional changes with grazing. It was concluded that grazing led to a decrease in shrub cover and substantial increases in the number and cover of annual taxa. Documentation of successional changes in the grassland vegetation was obtained from historical written accounts and photographs. It was concluded that the Oregon coastal grasslands are undergoing a succession to shrub and tree dominated communities due largely to the exclusion of fire. Close

• 74. [Article] Potential Impacts of Ocean Energy Development on Marine Mammals in Oregon

  This paper was the result of a student research project for the Fall 2010 FW 426/526, Coastal Ecology and Resource Management. It was presented as a poster December 8, 2010 at the Hatfield Marine Science ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Potential Impacts of Ocean Energy Development on Marine Mammals in Oregon Author: Davis, Amy E. This paper was the result of a student research project for the Fall 2010 FW 426/526, Coastal Ecology and Resource Management. It was presented as a poster December 8, 2010 at the Hatfield Marine Science Center. Title: Potential Impacts of Ocean Energy Development on Marine Mammals in Oregon Author: Davis, Amy E. This paper was the result of a student research project for the Fall 2010 FW 426/526, Coastal Ecology and Resource Management. It was presented as a poster December 8, 2010 at the Hatfield Marine Science Center. Close

• 75. [Article] The economic feasibility of locating an OSB plant in western Oegon [i.e. Oregon]

  The development of an OSB (oriented strand board) industry in Western Oregon would prove to be a real boost to the economy of an area that has suffered from the earlier recession of the forest products ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The economic feasibility of locating an OSB plant in western Oegon [i.e. Oregon] Author: Wright, Rhonda R. The development of an OSB (oriented strand board) industry in Western Oregon would prove to be a real boost to the economy of an area that has suffered from the earlier recession of the forest products industry. Past studies have shown that it is technically feasible to produce OSB from alder which is a major hardwood species growing in Western Oregon, but the economic feasibility of producing OSB in Western Oregon is undetermined. The purpose of this study is to determine if a sufficient raw material base is available, that a market exists or can be developed, and that the total costs of production would be competitive with other structural panels. It includes a raw material analysis, a market analysis, and a financial analysis. The raw material analysis involves analyzing detailed U.S. Forest Sevice timber inventory data to determine the volume, ownership, and availability of raw material. The market analysis involves the collection and analysis of data to identify and quantify the markets that are available or can be developed. The financial analysis includes raw material requirements, production costs, prices, and the analysis of an example case. The example case is an OSB plant with an annual capacity of 75 MMSF, 3/8-in, basis producing panels with a density of 40 pcf and resin and wax contents of 5% and 2%, respectively. Sensitivity analyses on several major variables show that, although wood cost and labor cost are the largest components of cost, the selling price is the variable which has the greatest effect on the feasibility of the venture. In addition, the interest rate and capital costs have greater effect on the feasibility than do any of the production costs. Based on the resource data, an area consisting of Clatsop, Columbia, and Tillamook counties is best suited to supply an OSB plant. The study also shows that a market can be developed and the project has a high probability of generating a profit. Title: The economic feasibility of locating an OSB plant in western Oegon [i.e. Oregon] Author: Wright, Rhonda R. The development of an OSB (oriented strand board) industry in Western Oregon would prove to be a real boost to the economy of an area that has suffered from the earlier recession of the forest products industry. Past studies have shown that it is technically feasible to produce OSB from alder which is a major hardwood species growing in Western Oregon, but the economic feasibility of producing OSB in Western Oregon is undetermined. The purpose of this study is to determine if a sufficient raw material base is available, that a market exists or can be developed, and that the total costs of production would be competitive with other structural panels. It includes a raw material analysis, a market analysis, and a financial analysis. The raw material analysis involves analyzing detailed U.S. Forest Sevice timber inventory data to determine the volume, ownership, and availability of raw material. The market analysis involves the collection and analysis of data to identify and quantify the markets that are available or can be developed. The financial analysis includes raw material requirements, production costs, prices, and the analysis of an example case. The example case is an OSB plant with an annual capacity of 75 MMSF, 3/8-in, basis producing panels with a density of 40 pcf and resin and wax contents of 5% and 2%, respectively. Sensitivity analyses on several major variables show that, although wood cost and labor cost are the largest components of cost, the selling price is the variable which has the greatest effect on the feasibility of the venture. In addition, the interest rate and capital costs have greater effect on the feasibility than do any of the production costs. Based on the resource data, an area consisting of Clatsop, Columbia, and Tillamook counties is best suited to supply an OSB plant. The study also shows that a market can be developed and the project has a high probability of generating a profit. Close

• 76. [Article] Incorporating climate change and morphological uncertainty into coastal change hazard assessments

  To the best of our knowledge, one or more authors of this paper were federal employees when contributing to this work. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by the author(s) ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Incorporating climate change and morphological uncertainty into coastal change hazard assessments Author: Ruggiero, Peter, Allan, Jonathan, Komar, Paul D., Baron, Heather M., Corcoran, Patrick, Harris, Erica L., Wood, Nathan J. To the best of our knowledge, one or more authors of this paper were federal employees when contributing to this work. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by the author(s) and published by Springer. The published article can be found at: http://link.springer.com/journal/11069. Title: Incorporating climate change and morphological uncertainty into coastal change hazard assessments Author: Ruggiero, Peter, Allan, Jonathan, Komar, Paul D., Baron, Heather M., Corcoran, Patrick, Harris, Erica L., Wood, Nathan J. To the best of our knowledge, one or more authors of this paper were federal employees when contributing to this work. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by the author(s) and published by Springer. The published article can be found at: http://link.springer.com/journal/11069. Close

• 77. [Article] Multivariate analysis of a tidal marsh ecosystem at Netarts Spit, Tillamook County, Oregon

  Variability of plant species distributions, plant connunities, soil and hydrological factors in an area of the Netarts Spit tidal marsh are examined. The purpose is to advance general understanding of ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Multivariate analysis of a tidal marsh ecosystem at Netarts Spit, Tillamook County, Oregon Author: Liverman, Marc C. Variability of plant species distributions, plant connunities, soil and hydrological factors in an area of the Netarts Spit tidal marsh are examined. The purpose is to advance general understanding of Oregon's tidal marsh ecosystems in terms of plant coninunities and functio'nal habitat conditions and make a contribution to the conceptual and technical framework used by regulatory agencies to manage wetlands. Vegetation, soil and hydrological attributes were measured periodically from May, 1978 to March, 1979 along three transects extending parallel to the elevation gradient. Each transect began at point bayward of the lower limit of marsh vegetation and continued to a point shoreward of the perceived upper limit of the marsh on the narrow, stabilized dune ridge separating Netarts Spit from the ocean. Plant species distribution and abundance by cover class was recorded in microplots located at increments of five meters or less along each transect. Soil and hydrological observations at intervals of approximately six weeks were made at 29 primary sampling sites located at increments of 15 meters or less along the transects. Water table fluctuations and soil moisture tension were examined in situ. Soil cores were extracted from the marsh for analysis of interstitial soil moisture content and salinity, soil texture, pH, organic matter content, cation exchange capacity, magnesium, calcium, phosphorus, potassium and sodium content. Data on tidal inundation frequency and duration were provided by the National Ocean Survey from a tide gauge located at Netarts public boat dock. Weather data were obtained from continuously recording hygrothermographs and an accumulating rain gauge located in the ecotone between marsh and upland. Comparative climatic data were obtained from published National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Environmental Data Center Bulletins. Analysis of individual environmental gradients was initiated by arranging the data matrix into a composite transect ordered by elevation. Each attribute was then plotted against elevation using graphically comparable scales. Data synthesis was accomplished using a combination of reciprocal averaging ordination (to identify coimlunity gradients) and cluster analysis (for sampling site classification) applied to hierarchical data sets composed of combinations of physical, chemical, and vegetative sampling site attributes. Habitat at lower elevations of the study area (0.70 m below mean high water) is dominated by tidal factors which decrease steadily as one approaches extreme higher high water (0.52 m above mean high water). Fine textured sediments are saturated near the middle elevations of the study area (-0.25 to 1.00 m above mean high water), with the lower and higher elevations dominated by sand. Hydrologic factors (water table depth and soil moisture tension) dominate the highest elevations of the study area but decrease steadily as one approaches mean high water. The remaining environmental factors (interstitial soil moisture content and salinity, cation exchange capacity, specific ion concentrations, organic matter, and pH) may each be interpreted as variants of one or more of the three primary environmental gradients: tides, sediment texture, and hydrology. Interstitial soil moisture salinity, soil moisture tension, and water table depth all show maxima during months with high daily temperatures and low precipitation (Aug.-Sep.,) and minima during months with low daily temperatures and high precipitation (Dec.-Mar.). Interstitial soil moisture content shows the reverse relationship with minima during Aug.-Sep. and maxima during Dec.- Mar. Plant community structure of the tidal marsh may be best understood as a species continuum beginning at about 0.60 m below mean high water characterized by snecies dominance at low elevation (_0.51) to 0.40 m above mean hiah water) givinG way to soecies diversity at higher elevations. This continuum may be locally qraduated into three or more subdivisions or plant communities by the dynamic reltionshi of intertidal deposition and erosion processes. Community structure of the associated dune upland is distinguishable environmentally and floristically as distinct from the tidal marsh at about 0.90 m above mean hich water although no attempt is made to resolve finer details of urland community structure beyond the marsh interface. Title: Multivariate analysis of a tidal marsh ecosystem at Netarts Spit, Tillamook County, Oregon Author: Liverman, Marc C. Variability of plant species distributions, plant connunities, soil and hydrological factors in an area of the Netarts Spit tidal marsh are examined. The purpose is to advance general understanding of Oregon's tidal marsh ecosystems in terms of plant coninunities and functio'nal habitat conditions and make a contribution to the conceptual and technical framework used by regulatory agencies to manage wetlands. Vegetation, soil and hydrological attributes were measured periodically from May, 1978 to March, 1979 along three transects extending parallel to the elevation gradient. Each transect began at point bayward of the lower limit of marsh vegetation and continued to a point shoreward of the perceived upper limit of the marsh on the narrow, stabilized dune ridge separating Netarts Spit from the ocean. Plant species distribution and abundance by cover class was recorded in microplots located at increments of five meters or less along each transect. Soil and hydrological observations at intervals of approximately six weeks were made at 29 primary sampling sites located at increments of 15 meters or less along the transects. Water table fluctuations and soil moisture tension were examined in situ. Soil cores were extracted from the marsh for analysis of interstitial soil moisture content and salinity, soil texture, pH, organic matter content, cation exchange capacity, magnesium, calcium, phosphorus, potassium and sodium content. Data on tidal inundation frequency and duration were provided by the National Ocean Survey from a tide gauge located at Netarts public boat dock. Weather data were obtained from continuously recording hygrothermographs and an accumulating rain gauge located in the ecotone between marsh and upland. Comparative climatic data were obtained from published National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Environmental Data Center Bulletins. Analysis of individual environmental gradients was initiated by arranging the data matrix into a composite transect ordered by elevation. Each attribute was then plotted against elevation using graphically comparable scales. Data synthesis was accomplished using a combination of reciprocal averaging ordination (to identify coimlunity gradients) and cluster analysis (for sampling site classification) applied to hierarchical data sets composed of combinations of physical, chemical, and vegetative sampling site attributes. Habitat at lower elevations of the study area (0.70 m below mean high water) is dominated by tidal factors which decrease steadily as one approaches extreme higher high water (0.52 m above mean high water). Fine textured sediments are saturated near the middle elevations of the study area (-0.25 to 1.00 m above mean high water), with the lower and higher elevations dominated by sand. Hydrologic factors (water table depth and soil moisture tension) dominate the highest elevations of the study area but decrease steadily as one approaches mean high water. The remaining environmental factors (interstitial soil moisture content and salinity, cation exchange capacity, specific ion concentrations, organic matter, and pH) may each be interpreted as variants of one or more of the three primary environmental gradients: tides, sediment texture, and hydrology. Interstitial soil moisture salinity, soil moisture tension, and water table depth all show maxima during months with high daily temperatures and low precipitation (Aug.-Sep.,) and minima during months with low daily temperatures and high precipitation (Dec.-Mar.). Interstitial soil moisture content shows the reverse relationship with minima during Aug.-Sep. and maxima during Dec.- Mar. Plant community structure of the tidal marsh may be best understood as a species continuum beginning at about 0.60 m below mean high water characterized by snecies dominance at low elevation (_0.51) to 0.40 m above mean hiah water) givinG way to soecies diversity at higher elevations. This continuum may be locally qraduated into three or more subdivisions or plant communities by the dynamic reltionshi of intertidal deposition and erosion processes. Community structure of the associated dune upland is distinguishable environmentally and floristically as distinct from the tidal marsh at about 0.90 m above mean hich water although no attempt is made to resolve finer details of urland community structure beyond the marsh interface. Close

• 78. [Article] Factors determining the establishment of area vocational schools for Tillamook and Clatsop Counties

  The United States of America faces many serious problems today. To enumerate a few of the major ones we must list: 1.poverty 2.juvenile delinquency 3.school drop-outs 4.automation 5.unskilled people A ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Factors determining the establishment of area vocational schools for Tillamook and Clatsop Counties Author: Helmick, Robert W. The United States of America faces many serious problems today. To enumerate a few of the major ones we must list: 1.poverty 2.juvenile delinquency 3.school drop-outs 4.automation 5.unskilled people A major aim of a great deal of federal legislation passed during President Kennedy's and President Johnson's terms has been directed toward the solution of these educational problems. It has been implied that education is the key to the solution of many of our modern and age-old problems. The enactment of the Vocational Education Act of 1963, plus the Manpower Development and Training Act of 1962 and the Economic Opportunity Act of 1964 have stimulated renewed vigor into the nation's occupational education programs. The purpose of this study was to examine the vocational education status of Tillamook and Clatsop counties and to determine the feasibility of establishing area vocational schools. Community leaders, school administrators, and many students have voiced their desire for more occupational education. The State Department of Education was also interested in obtaining information relating to vocational education in these two counties. This research was designed to investigate the following: (1)Employment opportunities (2)Potential vocational education students in the two counties (3)Status of existing vocational facilities, personnel, and curriculum (4)Cooperative educational action by school districts. Information regarding these items will be of special assistance to the school districts in these two counties in planning better education for all ages. A written survey was administered to 4, 706 students from grade 7 through 14 to determine the vocational student potential. Secondary dat3 from the Oregon State Department of Labor was used to determine the job opportunities. Personal inspection of existing facilities and curriculums were made by the investigators. The statutes of the State of Oregon were studied for legal restrictions to cooperative action among school districts. The findings and information summarized in this study indicates that there is a lack of occupational education in Tillamook and Clatsop Counties. Approximately 70 percent of the 4, 706 students surveyed indicated a desire for occupational education in high school, It is the opinion of the author that it is essential to have some form of cooperative action among the smaller school districts in order to provide adequate vocational education for their children. In Tillamook and Clatsop counties the only limitations upon cooperative action appears to be transportation, scheduling, and willingness of the districts to cooperate. Title: Factors determining the establishment of area vocational schools for Tillamook and Clatsop Counties Author: Helmick, Robert W. The United States of America faces many serious problems today. To enumerate a few of the major ones we must list: 1.poverty 2.juvenile delinquency 3.school drop-outs 4.automation 5.unskilled people A major aim of a great deal of federal legislation passed during President Kennedy's and President Johnson's terms has been directed toward the solution of these educational problems. It has been implied that education is the key to the solution of many of our modern and age-old problems. The enactment of the Vocational Education Act of 1963, plus the Manpower Development and Training Act of 1962 and the Economic Opportunity Act of 1964 have stimulated renewed vigor into the nation's occupational education programs. The purpose of this study was to examine the vocational education status of Tillamook and Clatsop counties and to determine the feasibility of establishing area vocational schools. Community leaders, school administrators, and many students have voiced their desire for more occupational education. The State Department of Education was also interested in obtaining information relating to vocational education in these two counties. This research was designed to investigate the following: (1)Employment opportunities (2)Potential vocational education students in the two counties (3)Status of existing vocational facilities, personnel, and curriculum (4)Cooperative educational action by school districts. Information regarding these items will be of special assistance to the school districts in these two counties in planning better education for all ages. A written survey was administered to 4, 706 students from grade 7 through 14 to determine the vocational student potential. Secondary dat3 from the Oregon State Department of Labor was used to determine the job opportunities. Personal inspection of existing facilities and curriculums were made by the investigators. The statutes of the State of Oregon were studied for legal restrictions to cooperative action among school districts. The findings and information summarized in this study indicates that there is a lack of occupational education in Tillamook and Clatsop Counties. Approximately 70 percent of the 4, 706 students surveyed indicated a desire for occupational education in high school, It is the opinion of the author that it is essential to have some form of cooperative action among the smaller school districts in order to provide adequate vocational education for their children. In Tillamook and Clatsop counties the only limitations upon cooperative action appears to be transportation, scheduling, and willingness of the districts to cooperate. Close

• 79. [Article] Geology of the Rock Creek-Green Mountain area, southeast Clatsop and northernmost Tillamook counties, northwest Oregon

  The middle to upper Eocene Tillamook Volcanics form the volcanic core or basement rocks in the Rock Creek-Green Mountain area. They consist of a thick sequence of high TiO2 tholeiitic basalt, basaltic ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Geology of the Rock Creek-Green Mountain area, southeast Clatsop and northernmost Tillamook counties, northwest Oregon Author: Safley, L. Eugene The middle to upper Eocene Tillamook Volcanics form the volcanic core or basement rocks in the Rock Creek-Green Mountain area. They consist of a thick sequence of high TiO2 tholeiitic basalt, basaltic andesite, and andesite subaerial flows and breccias. Detailed mapping, petrography, major oxide plots, magnetic polarity, and radiometric age dating prove that the volcanic rocks that form the Green Mountain outlier are an upthrown, more fractionally differentiated basement block of Tillamook Volcanics. Geochemical plots, regional geology, and field relationships indicate that the Tillamook Volcanics erupted in a forearc tectonic setting and formed an extensive, moderate relief, rugged oceanic island of overlapping shield volcanoes. Subsequent transgression and subsidence of the Tillamook Volcanics, perhaps due to thermal cooling of the crust, resulted in deposition of upper Narizian (upper Eocene) beach to high energy inner shelf, mollusc-bearing, basaltic boulder conglomerate and basaltic sandstone of the Roy Creek member of the Hamlet formation (informal). Petrography, geochemistry, pebble count data, and stratigraphic relationships show that the coarse- to fine-grained basaltic sandstone and conglomerates were derived from the underlying Tillamook Volcanics and were probably deposited along a rocky coastline composed of sea stacks and headlands muck like Oregon's coastline today. Micaceous lithic arkosic sandstone and siltstone and minor basaltic sandstone and volcanic debris flow interbeds of the overlying Sunset Highway member of the Hamlet formation (informal) were deposited in an inner to middle shelf environment. The extrabasinal micaeous arkosic sands were derived from granitic/metamorphic source areas in eastern Oregon, eastern Washington, and Idaho. They were transported via an ancestral Columbia River drainage system to the shoreline where they interfinger with basaltic debris flows and basaltic sandstone that were locally eroded from rocky Tillamook basalt headlands. Broken and abraded molluscan fossils, parallel lamination and hummocky cross-bedding, moderately well sorted character of the sands, and sheet-like sandstone geometry indicate a high energy, storm-dominated, shallow marine depositional environment. Extensive diagenesis of the highly chemically reactive Roy Creek basaltic sandstone has resulted in significant porosity and permeability reduction after burial due to formation of chloritic and smectite clays and locally zeolite and calcite filling intergranular pore spaces. Thin section and scanning electron microscopy, however, show only minor thin smectite clay coats and scattered micaceous arkosic sandstones of the Sunset Highway member. This has resulted in the preservation of much primary intergranular porosity. Further transgression and/or subsidence of the upper Eocene shelf sands resulted in deposition of micaceous and carbonaceous silty mudstones and minor thin-bedded turbidite sandstone unit of the Sweet Home Creek member of the Hamlet formation in a middle to upper slope depositional environment. Bathyal benthic foraminiferal assemblages collected are assigned to an late Narizian age. Thin interbeds of graded micaceous arkosic sandstone with Bouma B, C, and D divisions were derived from adjacent Sunset Highway shelf deposits resuspended by storm waves and transported by turbidity flows into upper slope environments. Thin dikes and thick irregular-shaped sill-like bodies of calc-alkaline Cole Mountain basalt intrude the Sweet Home Creek member. The coarse-crystalline (microgabbroic to gabbroic) to finely crystalline basalt is composed of phenocrysts of calcic plagioclase and augite in a clay altered intersertal to hyalopilitic groundmass. The Cole Mountain basalt is petrographically and chemically distinct from the high Ti02 and low Si02 basalt flows with pilotaxitic texture that form the older Tillamook Volcanics. They are more similar to the arc-derived caic-alkaline Goble Volcanics of southwest Washington. Regression and/or progradation resulted in deposition of thick sheet sandstones of the Cowlitz Formation. Trough cross-laminations indicate paleocurrent transport directions were to the west and northwest prior to clockwise tectonic rotation. Parallel to trough cross-laminations, the high degree of rounding and sorting, and the low degree of bioturbation indicate deposition occurred in a high energy, storm-dominated, inner and middle shelf environment. Uplift of the Oregon Coast Range forearc region that was initiated in the late middle Miocene resulted in subaerial weathering and differential erosion of the softer sedimentary rocks in contrast to the resistant basaltic rock units. Minor alluvial basaltic stream gravels and sands formed along major, low gradient streams. Recent rock fall/landslide debris occurs along the south side of Quartz Creek. The regional structure consists of a northward-plunging gravity high or structural upwarp of Tillamook Volcanics that transects the middle of the thesis area. This structural high is cut by a series of major east-west striking high-angle normal faults that are offset by a younger set of northwest-trending right-lateral and northeast-trending left-lateral oblique-slip faults. The conjugate oblique-slip pattern of faulting is characteristic of wrench faulting perhaps due to a north-south shear couple created by oblique subduction of the Juan de Fuca oceanic plate beneath the North American continental plate. The downwarp of upper Eocene Hamlet sedimentary rocks preserved between the isolated upthrown block of Tillamook Volcanics at Green Mountain on the north from the main Tillamook highland on the south may be a pull-apart depression formed by oblique-slip motion on these fault-bounded upthrown volcanic basement blocks. This pattern is much like the structure of the Mist Gas Field in the subsurface to the northeast. Continued commercial production from the upper Eocene Cowlitz Formation (Clark and Wilson sandstone) since 1978 in the Mist Gas Field, has resulted in renewed interest in the hydrocarbon potential of the Northwest Oregon. The micaceous sandstones of the Sunset Highway member of the Hamlet formation could also serve as an attractive deeper reservoir target based on porosity and permeability analysis and may equate to the "Clatskanie" sandstone in the subsurface at Mist. Total organic carbon values and woody kerogen from carbonaceous mudstone from the Sweet Home Creek member suggest it as a potential source rock for wet gas in the subsurface. Local thermal heating of the Hamlet mudstone by upper Eocene Cole Mountain basalt sills has created some high vitrinite reflectance values and represent a potential "quickflash" maturation mechanism for gas. Title: Geology of the Rock Creek-Green Mountain area, southeast Clatsop and northernmost Tillamook counties, northwest Oregon Author: Safley, L. Eugene The middle to upper Eocene Tillamook Volcanics form the volcanic core or basement rocks in the Rock Creek-Green Mountain area. They consist of a thick sequence of high TiO2 tholeiitic basalt, basaltic andesite, and andesite subaerial flows and breccias. Detailed mapping, petrography, major oxide plots, magnetic polarity, and radiometric age dating prove that the volcanic rocks that form the Green Mountain outlier are an upthrown, more fractionally differentiated basement block of Tillamook Volcanics. Geochemical plots, regional geology, and field relationships indicate that the Tillamook Volcanics erupted in a forearc tectonic setting and formed an extensive, moderate relief, rugged oceanic island of overlapping shield volcanoes. Subsequent transgression and subsidence of the Tillamook Volcanics, perhaps due to thermal cooling of the crust, resulted in deposition of upper Narizian (upper Eocene) beach to high energy inner shelf, mollusc-bearing, basaltic boulder conglomerate and basaltic sandstone of the Roy Creek member of the Hamlet formation (informal). Petrography, geochemistry, pebble count data, and stratigraphic relationships show that the coarse- to fine-grained basaltic sandstone and conglomerates were derived from the underlying Tillamook Volcanics and were probably deposited along a rocky coastline composed of sea stacks and headlands muck like Oregon's coastline today. Micaceous lithic arkosic sandstone and siltstone and minor basaltic sandstone and volcanic debris flow interbeds of the overlying Sunset Highway member of the Hamlet formation (informal) were deposited in an inner to middle shelf environment. The extrabasinal micaeous arkosic sands were derived from granitic/metamorphic source areas in eastern Oregon, eastern Washington, and Idaho. They were transported via an ancestral Columbia River drainage system to the shoreline where they interfinger with basaltic debris flows and basaltic sandstone that were locally eroded from rocky Tillamook basalt headlands. Broken and abraded molluscan fossils, parallel lamination and hummocky cross-bedding, moderately well sorted character of the sands, and sheet-like sandstone geometry indicate a high energy, storm-dominated, shallow marine depositional environment. Extensive diagenesis of the highly chemically reactive Roy Creek basaltic sandstone has resulted in significant porosity and permeability reduction after burial due to formation of chloritic and smectite clays and locally zeolite and calcite filling intergranular pore spaces. Thin section and scanning electron microscopy, however, show only minor thin smectite clay coats and scattered micaceous arkosic sandstones of the Sunset Highway member. This has resulted in the preservation of much primary intergranular porosity. Further transgression and/or subsidence of the upper Eocene shelf sands resulted in deposition of micaceous and carbonaceous silty mudstones and minor thin-bedded turbidite sandstone unit of the Sweet Home Creek member of the Hamlet formation in a middle to upper slope depositional environment. Bathyal benthic foraminiferal assemblages collected are assigned to an late Narizian age. Thin interbeds of graded micaceous arkosic sandstone with Bouma B, C, and D divisions were derived from adjacent Sunset Highway shelf deposits resuspended by storm waves and transported by turbidity flows into upper slope environments. Thin dikes and thick irregular-shaped sill-like bodies of calc-alkaline Cole Mountain basalt intrude the Sweet Home Creek member. The coarse-crystalline (microgabbroic to gabbroic) to finely crystalline basalt is composed of phenocrysts of calcic plagioclase and augite in a clay altered intersertal to hyalopilitic groundmass. The Cole Mountain basalt is petrographically and chemically distinct from the high Ti02 and low Si02 basalt flows with pilotaxitic texture that form the older Tillamook Volcanics. They are more similar to the arc-derived caic-alkaline Goble Volcanics of southwest Washington. Regression and/or progradation resulted in deposition of thick sheet sandstones of the Cowlitz Formation. Trough cross-laminations indicate paleocurrent transport directions were to the west and northwest prior to clockwise tectonic rotation. Parallel to trough cross-laminations, the high degree of rounding and sorting, and the low degree of bioturbation indicate deposition occurred in a high energy, storm-dominated, inner and middle shelf environment. Uplift of the Oregon Coast Range forearc region that was initiated in the late middle Miocene resulted in subaerial weathering and differential erosion of the softer sedimentary rocks in contrast to the resistant basaltic rock units. Minor alluvial basaltic stream gravels and sands formed along major, low gradient streams. Recent rock fall/landslide debris occurs along the south side of Quartz Creek. The regional structure consists of a northward-plunging gravity high or structural upwarp of Tillamook Volcanics that transects the middle of the thesis area. This structural high is cut by a series of major east-west striking high-angle normal faults that are offset by a younger set of northwest-trending right-lateral and northeast-trending left-lateral oblique-slip faults. The conjugate oblique-slip pattern of faulting is characteristic of wrench faulting perhaps due to a north-south shear couple created by oblique subduction of the Juan de Fuca oceanic plate beneath the North American continental plate. The downwarp of upper Eocene Hamlet sedimentary rocks preserved between the isolated upthrown block of Tillamook Volcanics at Green Mountain on the north from the main Tillamook highland on the south may be a pull-apart depression formed by oblique-slip motion on these fault-bounded upthrown volcanic basement blocks. This pattern is much like the structure of the Mist Gas Field in the subsurface to the northeast. Continued commercial production from the upper Eocene Cowlitz Formation (Clark and Wilson sandstone) since 1978 in the Mist Gas Field, has resulted in renewed interest in the hydrocarbon potential of the Northwest Oregon. The micaceous sandstones of the Sunset Highway member of the Hamlet formation could also serve as an attractive deeper reservoir target based on porosity and permeability analysis and may equate to the "Clatskanie" sandstone in the subsurface at Mist. Total organic carbon values and woody kerogen from carbonaceous mudstone from the Sweet Home Creek member suggest it as a potential source rock for wet gas in the subsurface. Local thermal heating of the Hamlet mudstone by upper Eocene Cole Mountain basalt sills has created some high vitrinite reflectance values and represent a potential "quickflash" maturation mechanism for gas. Close

• 80. [Article] Geology of the Hamlet-North Fork of the Nehalem River area, southern Clatsop and northernmost Tillamook Counties, northwest Oregon

  The middle to late Eocene tholeiitic Tillamook Volcanics compose the oldest rock unit in the Hamlet-North Fork of the Nehalem River area. Geochemical plots and field relationships indicate that these rocks ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Geology of the Hamlet-North Fork of the Nehalem River area, southern Clatsop and northernmost Tillamook Counties, northwest Oregon Author: Rarey, Phillip Jay The middle to late Eocene tholeiitic Tillamook Volcanics compose the oldest rock unit in the Hamlet-North Fork of the Nehalem River area. Geochemical plots and field relationships indicate that these rocks were produced in an extensional tectonic setting in the developing forearc and formed an extensive tholeiltic oceanic island. The volcanics consi5t of a thick sequence of normally and reversely polarized subaerial basalt and basaltic andesite flows in the Hamlet-North Fork of the Nehalem River area. The "Gray's River area" Goble Volcanics in southwest Washington are chemically and stratigraphically correlative to the Tillamook Volcanics. Cessation of Tillamook volcanism resulted in thermal subsidence and transgression of the overlying Hamlet formation. Upper Narizian (middle to upper Eccene) nearshore fossiliferous basaltic boulder-pebble conglomerates and basaltic sandstones of the Roy Creek member of the Hamlet formation (informal) were deposited along a rocky basaltic coastline over the subsiding volcanic "island". Scanning electron microscopy shows that radial pore-filling chloritic cement has significantly reduced porosity in Roy Creek member sandstones. Micaceous and carbonaceous silty mudstones and rare thin basaltic turbidite sandstones of the Sweet Home Creek member of the Hamlet formation (informal> were deposited on the outer shelf to upper slope above the Roy Creek member as the basin continued to deepen. The Sweet Home Creek member contains abundant bathyal benthtc foraminifera assignable to the upper Narizian stage. Calcareous nannofossils collected from the unit have been assigned to subzone CP-14a which is in agreement with foraminifera data. The upper part of the Sweet Home Creek member is in part a deep marine correlative to shelf arkosic sandstones of the Cowltiz Formation which pinches out into the Sweet Home Creek member in eastern Clatsop County. Much of the detritus in the Sweet Home Creek member was derived from plutonic and metamorphic sources in contrast to the locally derived Roy Creek member. Calc-alkaline Cole Mountain basalt (informal) intrudes and overlies the Sweet Home Creek member. Cole Mountain basalt was formed in a compressional tectonic environment and emplaced on the outer continental shelf as shallow intrusions and submarine flow. The unit is chemically and petrographically distinct from the Tillamook Volcanics and chemically similar to and stratigraphically correlative to the type Goble Volcanics (e.g. low Ti02 and low P205). Unconformably overlying the Cole Mountain basalt and the Sweet Home Creek member is the bathyal, Refugian (upper Eocene), Jewell member of the Keasey Formation. It consists of three parts a basal glauconitic sandstone-siltstone, a laminated tuffaceous sandstone unit with rare small arkosic sandstone channels and occasional clastic dikes, and an upper laminated to bioturbated tuffaceous silt-mudstone. trkosic sandstones were derived from an ancesteral Columbia River system whereas abundant tuffaceous detritus was derived locally from the Cascade arc. The Refugian lower Smuggler Cove formation (informal) gradationally overlies the Jewell member and consists of bioturbated, tuffaceous, bathyal mudstones. Outer shelf, very fine-grained tuffaceous sandstones of the David Douglas tongue (informal) of the Pittsburg Bluff Formation and deeper marine correlative outer shelf to upper slope glauconitic sanstones of the middle Smuggler Cove formation overlie the lower Smuggler Cove formation. The upper Smuggler Cove formation consists of uppermost Refugian to Zemmorian bathyal, bioturbated, fossiliferous, well-indurated tuffaceous siltstone. Laminated carbonaceous mudetones and thin (<1/2 m) arkosic sandstone beds of the ball park unit in the Smuggler Cove formation overlie and interfinger with (7) the upper Smuggler Cove formation. The ball park unit is late Zemorrian (Oligocene) or Saucesian (Early Miocene) in age. Fluvial-deltaic to shallow marine sandstones and conglomerates of the lower to middle Miocene angora Peek member of the astoria Formation unconformably overlies the Smuggler Cove formation. Numerous middle to upper Miocene basalts and gabbros intrude the sedimentary rocks in the thesis area. The intrusive rocks are chemically, magnetically, petrographically, and chronologically correlative to the Grande Ronde Basalt, Frenchman Springs Member, and Pomona Member of the Columbia River Basalt Group on the Columbia Plateau. The Grande Ronde Basalt intrusives have been divided into three chemical-magnetostratigraphic units in the thesis area and correlated to subaerial Columbia River Basalt flows located approximately 35 km to the northeast. The intrusive rocks are thought to have formed by invasion of voluminous subaerial flows into soft, semiconsolidated marine sediments as first envisioned by Beeson et. al. (1979). Uplift of the Coast Range forearc ridge from late Miocene to present has resulted in subaerial erosion and exposure of rock units. Thin alluvial gravels and sands were deposited in the southeastern corner of the thesis area during the Quaternary. Structure in the thesis area is dominated by a series of east-west trending high angle faults and a younger series of conjugate northeast-and northwest-trending high angle oblique slip faults. Proton precession magnetometer traverses confirm the presence of the faults. The structure may have been produced by partial coupling of the forearc region with the subducting Farallon plate. The thesis area has been actively explored for hydrocarbons. Geologic mapping, however, shows that significant sandstone reservoirs are not present in the subsurface and, therefore, the area has low potential of hydrocarbon production. Mudstones in the thesis area average approximately 0.9-1.1% total organic carbon with vitrinite reflectance values ranging from 0.53% Ro (unbaked) to 0.72% Ro (baked). Therefore, the mudstones are a marginal to poor source of thermogenic gas but a possible source of methane gas. Title: Geology of the Hamlet-North Fork of the Nehalem River area, southern Clatsop and northernmost Tillamook Counties, northwest Oregon Author: Rarey, Phillip Jay The middle to late Eocene tholeiitic Tillamook Volcanics compose the oldest rock unit in the Hamlet-North Fork of the Nehalem River area. Geochemical plots and field relationships indicate that these rocks were produced in an extensional tectonic setting in the developing forearc and formed an extensive tholeiltic oceanic island. The volcanics consi5t of a thick sequence of normally and reversely polarized subaerial basalt and basaltic andesite flows in the Hamlet-North Fork of the Nehalem River area. The "Gray's River area" Goble Volcanics in southwest Washington are chemically and stratigraphically correlative to the Tillamook Volcanics. Cessation of Tillamook volcanism resulted in thermal subsidence and transgression of the overlying Hamlet formation. Upper Narizian (middle to upper Eccene) nearshore fossiliferous basaltic boulder-pebble conglomerates and basaltic sandstones of the Roy Creek member of the Hamlet formation (informal) were deposited along a rocky basaltic coastline over the subsiding volcanic "island". Scanning electron microscopy shows that radial pore-filling chloritic cement has significantly reduced porosity in Roy Creek member sandstones. Micaceous and carbonaceous silty mudstones and rare thin basaltic turbidite sandstones of the Sweet Home Creek member of the Hamlet formation (informal> were deposited on the outer shelf to upper slope above the Roy Creek member as the basin continued to deepen. The Sweet Home Creek member contains abundant bathyal benthtc foraminifera assignable to the upper Narizian stage. Calcareous nannofossils collected from the unit have been assigned to subzone CP-14a which is in agreement with foraminifera data. The upper part of the Sweet Home Creek member is in part a deep marine correlative to shelf arkosic sandstones of the Cowltiz Formation which pinches out into the Sweet Home Creek member in eastern Clatsop County. Much of the detritus in the Sweet Home Creek member was derived from plutonic and metamorphic sources in contrast to the locally derived Roy Creek member. Calc-alkaline Cole Mountain basalt (informal) intrudes and overlies the Sweet Home Creek member. Cole Mountain basalt was formed in a compressional tectonic environment and emplaced on the outer continental shelf as shallow intrusions and submarine flow. The unit is chemically and petrographically distinct from the Tillamook Volcanics and chemically similar to and stratigraphically correlative to the type Goble Volcanics (e.g. low Ti02 and low P205). Unconformably overlying the Cole Mountain basalt and the Sweet Home Creek member is the bathyal, Refugian (upper Eocene), Jewell member of the Keasey Formation. It consists of three parts a basal glauconitic sandstone-siltstone, a laminated tuffaceous sandstone unit with rare small arkosic sandstone channels and occasional clastic dikes, and an upper laminated to bioturbated tuffaceous silt-mudstone. trkosic sandstones were derived from an ancesteral Columbia River system whereas abundant tuffaceous detritus was derived locally from the Cascade arc. The Refugian lower Smuggler Cove formation (informal) gradationally overlies the Jewell member and consists of bioturbated, tuffaceous, bathyal mudstones. Outer shelf, very fine-grained tuffaceous sandstones of the David Douglas tongue (informal) of the Pittsburg Bluff Formation and deeper marine correlative outer shelf to upper slope glauconitic sanstones of the middle Smuggler Cove formation overlie the lower Smuggler Cove formation. The upper Smuggler Cove formation consists of uppermost Refugian to Zemmorian bathyal, bioturbated, fossiliferous, well-indurated tuffaceous siltstone. Laminated carbonaceous mudetones and thin (<1/2 m) arkosic sandstone beds of the ball park unit in the Smuggler Cove formation overlie and interfinger with (7) the upper Smuggler Cove formation. The ball park unit is late Zemorrian (Oligocene) or Saucesian (Early Miocene) in age. Fluvial-deltaic to shallow marine sandstones and conglomerates of the lower to middle Miocene angora Peek member of the astoria Formation unconformably overlies the Smuggler Cove formation. Numerous middle to upper Miocene basalts and gabbros intrude the sedimentary rocks in the thesis area. The intrusive rocks are chemically, magnetically, petrographically, and chronologically correlative to the Grande Ronde Basalt, Frenchman Springs Member, and Pomona Member of the Columbia River Basalt Group on the Columbia Plateau. The Grande Ronde Basalt intrusives have been divided into three chemical-magnetostratigraphic units in the thesis area and correlated to subaerial Columbia River Basalt flows located approximately 35 km to the northeast. The intrusive rocks are thought to have formed by invasion of voluminous subaerial flows into soft, semiconsolidated marine sediments as first envisioned by Beeson et. al. (1979). Uplift of the Coast Range forearc ridge from late Miocene to present has resulted in subaerial erosion and exposure of rock units. Thin alluvial gravels and sands were deposited in the southeastern corner of the thesis area during the Quaternary. Structure in the thesis area is dominated by a series of east-west trending high angle faults and a younger series of conjugate northeast-and northwest-trending high angle oblique slip faults. Proton precession magnetometer traverses confirm the presence of the faults. The structure may have been produced by partial coupling of the forearc region with the subducting Farallon plate. The thesis area has been actively explored for hydrocarbons. Geologic mapping, however, shows that significant sandstone reservoirs are not present in the subsurface and, therefore, the area has low potential of hydrocarbon production. Mudstones in the thesis area average approximately 0.9-1.1% total organic carbon with vitrinite reflectance values ranging from 0.53% Ro (unbaked) to 0.72% Ro (baked). Therefore, the mudstones are a marginal to poor source of thermogenic gas but a possible source of methane gas. Close