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• 51. [Article] Structural Changes in Russian Seafood Consumption: An Econometric Analysis of Regional Herring Product Demand

  Russia is experiencing deep structural changes in many areas. For the seafood industry important developments are large increases in household incomes, development of modern super- and hypermarket distribution ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Structural Changes in Russian Seafood Consumption: An Econometric Analysis of Regional Herring Product Demand Author: Lien, Kristin, Tveteras, Sigbjørn, Tveteras, Ragnar Russia is experiencing deep structural changes in many areas. For the seafood industry important developments are large increases in household incomes, development of modern super- and hypermarket distribution channels, and product innovations. In the seafood category consumers are adopting new species and new product forms at a rapid rate. Herring is one of the species that is experiencing these changes. The dominant product form has traditionally been whole salted herring, typically sold at open markets. Herring sold in the traditional unprocessed form has been a protein source for poor people, consumed at home. But more processed and expensive product forms that are distributed through modern distribution channels have increased their market share during the data period. We employ a panel data set on monthly per capita demand for different herring products in six Russian regions, from unprocessed to value added products, to test hypotheses on the structure of herring consumption. We estimate dynamic panel data demand systems, with region-specific estimates of price and income elasticities. The six regions in the data set have large differences in average per capita income. Our econometric estimates indicate significant structural regional differences in per capita consumption of different products, also after controlling for income differences. We find that whole herring is generally an inferior good, whereas fillet herring products tend to be normal goods. This suggests that if incomes continue to increase, consumption will shift further from unprocessed to value added herring products. Title: Structural Changes in Russian Seafood Consumption: An Econometric Analysis of Regional Herring Product Demand Author: Lien, Kristin, Tveteras, Sigbjørn, Tveteras, Ragnar Russia is experiencing deep structural changes in many areas. For the seafood industry important developments are large increases in household incomes, development of modern super- and hypermarket distribution channels, and product innovations. In the seafood category consumers are adopting new species and new product forms at a rapid rate. Herring is one of the species that is experiencing these changes. The dominant product form has traditionally been whole salted herring, typically sold at open markets. Herring sold in the traditional unprocessed form has been a protein source for poor people, consumed at home. But more processed and expensive product forms that are distributed through modern distribution channels have increased their market share during the data period. We employ a panel data set on monthly per capita demand for different herring products in six Russian regions, from unprocessed to value added products, to test hypotheses on the structure of herring consumption. We estimate dynamic panel data demand systems, with region-specific estimates of price and income elasticities. The six regions in the data set have large differences in average per capita income. Our econometric estimates indicate significant structural regional differences in per capita consumption of different products, also after controlling for income differences. We find that whole herring is generally an inferior good, whereas fillet herring products tend to be normal goods. This suggests that if incomes continue to increase, consumption will shift further from unprocessed to value added herring products. Close

• 52. [Article] Distribution Channel of Exported Whiteleg Shrimp in Khanh Hoa Province, Vietnam

  Suggested Bibliographic Reference: Challenging New Frontiers in the Global Seafood Sector: Proceedings of the Eighteenth Biennial Conference of the International Institute of Fisheries Economics and Trade, ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Distribution Channel of Exported Whiteleg Shrimp in Khanh Hoa Province, Vietnam Author: Nguyen, Tram Anh, Jolly, Curtis, Bui, Chuong Year: 2016 Suggested Bibliographic Reference: Challenging New Frontiers in the Global Seafood Sector: Proceedings of the Eighteenth Biennial Conference of the International Institute of Fisheries Economics and Trade, July 11-15, 2016. Compiled by Stefani J. Evers and Ann L. Shriver. International Institute of Fisheries Economics and Trade (IIFET), Corvallis, 2016. Title: Distribution Channel of Exported Whiteleg Shrimp in Khanh Hoa Province, Vietnam Author: Nguyen, Tram Anh, Jolly, Curtis, Bui, Chuong Year: 2016 Suggested Bibliographic Reference: Challenging New Frontiers in the Global Seafood Sector: Proceedings of the Eighteenth Biennial Conference of the International Institute of Fisheries Economics and Trade, July 11-15, 2016. Compiled by Stefani J. Evers and Ann L. Shriver. International Institute of Fisheries Economics and Trade (IIFET), Corvallis, 2016. Close

• 53. [Article] Using quality function deployment to achieve a market orientation : an application with wood products companies

  This document presents a new method for improving the market orientation of companies. In that regard, I developed a new Quality Function Deployment application (QFD), which compares customer needs with ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Using quality function deployment to achieve a market orientation : an application with wood products companies Author: Wagner, Ernesto R. This document presents a new method for improving the market orientation of companies. In that regard, I developed a new Quality Function Deployment application (QFD), which compares customer needs with company competitive advantages, in order to determine those advantages that best satisfy customer wants and needs. The methodology was applied to the wood products industry. Companies from this industry are facing a new competitive environment, with challenges from overseas companies, fierce competition from substitute products, concentrated channel power from big box retailers, and the lobby of environmental groups, to name a few. Wood product companies, traditionally production and cost-driven, would really benefit of an effective method for improving their customer orientation, while keeping an eye on substitute materials. The study is cross-cultural including the US and Chile. The first put of the study included 37 qualitative interviews and almost 1300 mail questionnaires targeting architects of both countries, selected as key customers of the wood products industry. The second part of the study consisted of interviews with top wood products company executives. I performed 8 interviews in Chile and 35 in the US. The sample covered 37% of the US annual sales of wood products. The interviews provided the competitive advantages of the companies. Finally, an expert team assisted in developing a new QFD application, which used the results of both the architect and the company study. I determined that architects of both countries are rather similar: they are concerned about the diminishing quality of wood materials and they appreciate "honest" materials (the material is what it seems to be). The two groups differ with respect to environmental issues, which are far less important for Chilean than for U.S. architects. The results suggest a focus on product and business innovation by US wood products companies, as these topics present great potential for improvement. US companies should also become more global, as this characteristic allows a better customer focus and an improved competitive position. Chilean companies should focus their efforts in all types of innovation, and not rely only on their current low-cost producer advantage. Title: Using quality function deployment to achieve a market orientation : an application with wood products companies Author: Wagner, Ernesto R. This document presents a new method for improving the market orientation of companies. In that regard, I developed a new Quality Function Deployment application (QFD), which compares customer needs with company competitive advantages, in order to determine those advantages that best satisfy customer wants and needs. The methodology was applied to the wood products industry. Companies from this industry are facing a new competitive environment, with challenges from overseas companies, fierce competition from substitute products, concentrated channel power from big box retailers, and the lobby of environmental groups, to name a few. Wood product companies, traditionally production and cost-driven, would really benefit of an effective method for improving their customer orientation, while keeping an eye on substitute materials. The study is cross-cultural including the US and Chile. The first put of the study included 37 qualitative interviews and almost 1300 mail questionnaires targeting architects of both countries, selected as key customers of the wood products industry. The second part of the study consisted of interviews with top wood products company executives. I performed 8 interviews in Chile and 35 in the US. The sample covered 37% of the US annual sales of wood products. The interviews provided the competitive advantages of the companies. Finally, an expert team assisted in developing a new QFD application, which used the results of both the architect and the company study. I determined that architects of both countries are rather similar: they are concerned about the diminishing quality of wood materials and they appreciate "honest" materials (the material is what it seems to be). The two groups differ with respect to environmental issues, which are far less important for Chilean than for U.S. architects. The results suggest a focus on product and business innovation by US wood products companies, as these topics present great potential for improvement. US companies should also become more global, as this characteristic allows a better customer focus and an improved competitive position. Chilean companies should focus their efforts in all types of innovation, and not rely only on their current low-cost producer advantage. Close

• 54. [Article] Fish Sustainability information Schemes: A Global Comparative Assessment and their Implications

  This paper presents the findings of an 18 months global review of organisations providing sustainable fisheries information to consumers and other channel intermediaries completed in December 2009*. The ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Fish Sustainability information Schemes: A Global Comparative Assessment and their Implications Author: Horvat, Peter, Abel, Rigmor, Parkes, Graeme, Lem, Audun, Harman, Jon, Macfarlane, Alastair, Nolan, Conor, Walmsley, Suzannah, Mens, Maarten, Young, James A. This paper presents the findings of an 18 months global review of organisations providing sustainable fisheries information to consumers and other channel intermediaries completed in December 2009*. The project was managed by a consortium of nine organisations involved with seafood, the Fish Sustainability Information Group (FSIG), from around the world incorporating FAO. The review examined the key organisations that analyse, assess and provide data, guidance, disseminate and otherwise communicate on the sustainability of world fisheries and aquaculture to retailers, foodservice sectors, consumers and others. The methodology engaged through interviews the 17 organisations considered to be representative of those involved in leading seafood sustainability communications, in addition to web-site data gathered from a broader sample. Evaluation of the various respective communications was made regarding accuracy, scientific robustness and relevance. The data analysis presents a hitherto unique scope of comparison of the governance procedures and output of the world’s most significant organisations supplying seafood sustainability information.The paper then considers the implications of this analysis noting the respective merits and demerits of the two key categories identified: certification schemes and recommendation lists. Particular emphasis is placed upon how such instruments might improve in future with respect to seven critical criteria identified. The findings are then contextualised within current and emergent policy measures in both capture fisheries and aquaculture. The paper concludes with some prospective consideration of how such communications might become more efficient and effective in an era of increasingly complex measures received by audiences subjected to evermore complicated market signals. Title: Fish Sustainability information Schemes: A Global Comparative Assessment and their Implications Author: Horvat, Peter, Abel, Rigmor, Parkes, Graeme, Lem, Audun, Harman, Jon, Macfarlane, Alastair, Nolan, Conor, Walmsley, Suzannah, Mens, Maarten, Young, James A. This paper presents the findings of an 18 months global review of organisations providing sustainable fisheries information to consumers and other channel intermediaries completed in December 2009*. The project was managed by a consortium of nine organisations involved with seafood, the Fish Sustainability Information Group (FSIG), from around the world incorporating FAO. The review examined the key organisations that analyse, assess and provide data, guidance, disseminate and otherwise communicate on the sustainability of world fisheries and aquaculture to retailers, foodservice sectors, consumers and others. The methodology engaged through interviews the 17 organisations considered to be representative of those involved in leading seafood sustainability communications, in addition to web-site data gathered from a broader sample. Evaluation of the various respective communications was made regarding accuracy, scientific robustness and relevance. The data analysis presents a hitherto unique scope of comparison of the governance procedures and output of the world’s most significant organisations supplying seafood sustainability information.The paper then considers the implications of this analysis noting the respective merits and demerits of the two key categories identified: certification schemes and recommendation lists. Particular emphasis is placed upon how such instruments might improve in future with respect to seven critical criteria identified. The findings are then contextualised within current and emergent policy measures in both capture fisheries and aquaculture. The paper concludes with some prospective consideration of how such communications might become more efficient and effective in an era of increasingly complex measures received by audiences subjected to evermore complicated market signals. Close

• 55. [Article] Technological Changes, Market Structure and Harvest of a Local Pool Resource

  Suggested Bibliographic Reference: Challenging New Frontiers in the Global Seafood Sector: Proceedings of the Eighteenth Biennial Conference of the International Institute of Fisheries Economics and Trade, ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Technological Changes, Market Structure and Harvest of a Local Pool Resource Author: Skonhoft, Anders Year: 2016 Suggested Bibliographic Reference: Challenging New Frontiers in the Global Seafood Sector: Proceedings of the Eighteenth Biennial Conference of the International Institute of Fisheries Economics and Trade, July 11-15, 2016. Compiled by Stefani J. Evers and Ann L. Shriver. International Institute of Fisheries Economics and Trade (IIFET), Corvallis, 2016. Title: Technological Changes, Market Structure and Harvest of a Local Pool Resource Author: Skonhoft, Anders Year: 2016 Suggested Bibliographic Reference: Challenging New Frontiers in the Global Seafood Sector: Proceedings of the Eighteenth Biennial Conference of the International Institute of Fisheries Economics and Trade, July 11-15, 2016. Compiled by Stefani J. Evers and Ann L. Shriver. International Institute of Fisheries Economics and Trade (IIFET), Corvallis, 2016. Close

• 56. [Article] Multi-factor information theory models and their industrial applications

  This dissertation treats information theory and its applications to the general area of decision making. Specifically, three areas are covered; (1) information theory applied to Bayesian analysis, (2) ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Multi-factor information theory models and their industrial applications Author: Shirland, Larry Elwyn This dissertation treats information theory and its applications to the general area of decision making. Specifically, three areas are covered; (1) information theory applied to Bayesian analysis, (2) estimation using multi-factor information channel models, and (3) information theory applied to Markov chain analysis. A major portion of this dissertation concerns the concept of conditional information which occurs as the result of the transmission of information for an experiment (Z) when the outcomes of another experiment (Y) are known. The gain in information is measured by computing the difference between the information transmitted when one set of values is known for an experiment, and another set obtained when certain experimental parameters are allowed to vary. When only one set of experimental results is available, the information gain is computed as the difference between the transmitted information under the experimental conditions and the information transmitted assuming complete uncertainty. The latter is characterized by the condition which results when the events of the experiment are considered to be equally likely. The information theory technique appears to be especially useful in the area of sampling. The cost of gathering information may be balanced against management's willingness to pay for the information in order to arrive at an optimal number of events to sample for a particular experiment. Utilizing the concept of conditional information and information gain, estimates may be made by applying a multi-factor information channel analysis. In order to obtain the maximum amount of information from a sampling experiment, it may be desired to predict the strategies one should use. A case study is presented in which a research questionnaire was sent to prospective customers of several manufacturers of crushing and grinding equipment in an attempt to determine a particular company's standing with respect to its "image" and "progressiveness." The results of five specific questions were analyzed by the information theory approach in an attempt to predict the market shares for each of five companies. The information theory analysis showed that each of the five questions could be used independently as a market share predictor. This suggests that a person may subconsciously possess a pre-conceived opinion of a company which affects his answer to a specific question about that company. A matrix method based on the work of Muroga (1959) is presented for solving multi-factor information channel problems. In order to solve a problem of this type it is easiest to first ignore the existence of non-positive solutions and solve the information maximization equations accordingly. If a non-positive solution occurs, one or more restrictions may then be imposed in order to force only positive values on the final solution. Non-positive solutions indicate that the maximum information gain occurs outside the realm of permissible values. The solution, then, involves maximizing the information gain while insuring that the probability of each event of the experiment is positive. A multi-factor information theory analysis is applied to Markov chain problems in order to estimate at what point stochastic equilibrium occurs. This result is especially useful for computer simulations of Markov chains in which the equilibrium condition is of prime importance. By first employing the information theory analysis, the simulation may be started at or near stochastic equilibrium, thereby reducing the costs of unnecessary calculations during the transitional stages of the process. The information theory analysis shows that at least in some practical problems, stochastic equilibrium will not occur for a long period of time. In many applications, the transitional stages are of more interest than the steady-state conditions. Current research points to several areas for further investigation. Models to allow for the heterogeneity among consumers, means to identify and quantify the important factors in a multi-factor information theory model, and learning models offer unique challenges for future research. Also included in this dissertation is a computer program for solving any one-factor, two-factor or multi-factor information theory problem. A table of values for 1, 2, 3, or 4 levels of a one-factor model is also given. Title: Multi-factor information theory models and their industrial applications Author: Shirland, Larry Elwyn This dissertation treats information theory and its applications to the general area of decision making. Specifically, three areas are covered; (1) information theory applied to Bayesian analysis, (2) estimation using multi-factor information channel models, and (3) information theory applied to Markov chain analysis. A major portion of this dissertation concerns the concept of conditional information which occurs as the result of the transmission of information for an experiment (Z) when the outcomes of another experiment (Y) are known. The gain in information is measured by computing the difference between the information transmitted when one set of values is known for an experiment, and another set obtained when certain experimental parameters are allowed to vary. When only one set of experimental results is available, the information gain is computed as the difference between the transmitted information under the experimental conditions and the information transmitted assuming complete uncertainty. The latter is characterized by the condition which results when the events of the experiment are considered to be equally likely. The information theory technique appears to be especially useful in the area of sampling. The cost of gathering information may be balanced against management's willingness to pay for the information in order to arrive at an optimal number of events to sample for a particular experiment. Utilizing the concept of conditional information and information gain, estimates may be made by applying a multi-factor information channel analysis. In order to obtain the maximum amount of information from a sampling experiment, it may be desired to predict the strategies one should use. A case study is presented in which a research questionnaire was sent to prospective customers of several manufacturers of crushing and grinding equipment in an attempt to determine a particular company's standing with respect to its "image" and "progressiveness." The results of five specific questions were analyzed by the information theory approach in an attempt to predict the market shares for each of five companies. The information theory analysis showed that each of the five questions could be used independently as a market share predictor. This suggests that a person may subconsciously possess a pre-conceived opinion of a company which affects his answer to a specific question about that company. A matrix method based on the work of Muroga (1959) is presented for solving multi-factor information channel problems. In order to solve a problem of this type it is easiest to first ignore the existence of non-positive solutions and solve the information maximization equations accordingly. If a non-positive solution occurs, one or more restrictions may then be imposed in order to force only positive values on the final solution. Non-positive solutions indicate that the maximum information gain occurs outside the realm of permissible values. The solution, then, involves maximizing the information gain while insuring that the probability of each event of the experiment is positive. A multi-factor information theory analysis is applied to Markov chain problems in order to estimate at what point stochastic equilibrium occurs. This result is especially useful for computer simulations of Markov chains in which the equilibrium condition is of prime importance. By first employing the information theory analysis, the simulation may be started at or near stochastic equilibrium, thereby reducing the costs of unnecessary calculations during the transitional stages of the process. The information theory analysis shows that at least in some practical problems, stochastic equilibrium will not occur for a long period of time. In many applications, the transitional stages are of more interest than the steady-state conditions. Current research points to several areas for further investigation. Models to allow for the heterogeneity among consumers, means to identify and quantify the important factors in a multi-factor information theory model, and learning models offer unique challenges for future research. Also included in this dissertation is a computer program for solving any one-factor, two-factor or multi-factor information theory problem. A table of values for 1, 2, 3, or 4 levels of a one-factor model is also given. Close

• 57. [Article] Fatty Acids in Cultivated and Wild Fish

  Some years ago, the U.S. Dept. of Agriculture undertook a study of the nutrient profile of the leading species of cultivated and wild fish and shellfish. Some data from that work were published, but information ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Fatty Acids in Cultivated and Wild Fish Author: Nettleton, Joyce A. Year: 2001 Some years ago, the U.S. Dept. of Agriculture undertook a study of the nutrient profile of the leading species of cultivated and wild fish and shellfish. Some data from that work were published, but information on fatty acids was not included. This paper presents data on the fat, cholesterol and major fatty acid content of cultivated and wild channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus), rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri), and coho salmon (Oncorynchus kisutch). Two samples of each species were obtained from the wild at two different seasons, reflecting differences in spawning status; three samples of cultivated channel catfish and rainbow trout plus two of coho salmon were obtained at peak season to coincide with one of the sampling times of the wild samples. Analyses were conducted on raw and cooked fillets. Fatty acids were determined by gas-liquid chromatography. Fat content of cultivated catfish and salmon ranged from 2.5-5 times that of wild samples; fat levels in wild and cultivated trout were similar. Monounsaturates predominated in cultivated catfish and salmon but not trout. Differences in fatty acid profile between wild and cultivated fish were greatest among polyunsaturates; linoleic acid was substantially higher in all cultivated samples than in wild fish. Omega-3 fatty acid levels were related to species and were higher in cultivated than wild samples owing to higher fat content. Data do not support the notion that wild fish are higher in omega-3 fatty acids than cultivated fish. Title: Fatty Acids in Cultivated and Wild Fish Author: Nettleton, Joyce A. Year: 2001 Some years ago, the U.S. Dept. of Agriculture undertook a study of the nutrient profile of the leading species of cultivated and wild fish and shellfish. Some data from that work were published, but information on fatty acids was not included. This paper presents data on the fat, cholesterol and major fatty acid content of cultivated and wild channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus), rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri), and coho salmon (Oncorynchus kisutch). Two samples of each species were obtained from the wild at two different seasons, reflecting differences in spawning status; three samples of cultivated channel catfish and rainbow trout plus two of coho salmon were obtained at peak season to coincide with one of the sampling times of the wild samples. Analyses were conducted on raw and cooked fillets. Fatty acids were determined by gas-liquid chromatography. Fat content of cultivated catfish and salmon ranged from 2.5-5 times that of wild samples; fat levels in wild and cultivated trout were similar. Monounsaturates predominated in cultivated catfish and salmon but not trout. Differences in fatty acid profile between wild and cultivated fish were greatest among polyunsaturates; linoleic acid was substantially higher in all cultivated samples than in wild fish. Omega-3 fatty acid levels were related to species and were higher in cultivated than wild samples owing to higher fat content. Data do not support the notion that wild fish are higher in omega-3 fatty acids than cultivated fish. Close

• 58. [Article] Sneakerheads’ Assessment of Sneaker Value and Behaviors throughout the Sneaker Ownership Cycle

  The purpose of the present study was to investigate value perceptions and consumption behaviors of sneakerheads who are mixed-role resellers of sneakers. “Sneakerhead” is a term given to those who collect ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Sneakerheads’ Assessment of Sneaker Value and Behaviors throughout the Sneaker Ownership Cycle Author: Choi, JIn Woo The purpose of the present study was to investigate value perceptions and consumption behaviors of sneakerheads who are mixed-role resellers of sneakers. “Sneakerhead” is a term given to those who collect and wear sneakers with a vast amount of effort and resources (Semmelhack, Garcia, Lepri, Willis, & Hatfield, 2015). “Mixed-role resellers” is a term given to individuals who collect, use, and resell consumer goods (Chu & Liao, 2007). Traditional consumer behavior frameworks mostly focus on behaviors surrounding pre-acquisition, purchase, and use of goods initially purchased by the consumer for his or her own use (Boyd & McConocha, 1996). These frameworks do not necessarily explain behaviors surrounding goods initially purchased with the intention to resell to others, such as researching predicted resale value during pre-acquisition, using controversial methods to obtain products during acquisition, and taking special measure to keep a product in pristine condition. While the resale market has expanded due to internet and social media, resale behavior has not drawn much attention from researchers. To address this gap, the author took a qualitative approach to gain an understanding of value perception and behaviors when consumers purchase goods with the intention to resell. The three research questions are: 1) What factors into mixed-role reseller sneakerheads’ perception of a sneaker’s value? 2) What behaviors are exhibited by mixed-role reseller sneakerheads during pre-acquisition, acquisition, physical possession, and resale of the sneakers they intend to resell; what motivates these behaviors? 3) What do mixed-role reseller sneakerheads like and dislike about the sneaker resale market? A total of 25 in-depth interviews were conducted using a semi-structured interview guide. Interviewees were recruited through posts on sneakerhead community websites and snowball sampling. To qualify for participation in the study, interviewees needed to fit the description of a sneakerhead and a mixed-role reseller of sneakers. Results show how the interviewees evaluate the value of sneakers they intend to resell, what behaviors interviewees exhibit during the pre-acquisition, acquisition, physical possession, and disposition stages pertaining to sneakers they intend to resell, and how the interviewees felt about the resale market in general. First, data show that sneakers can hold monetary, emotional, functional, and/or social value. Most discussion about sneaker value centered on monetary value. Findings show that interviewees’ perceptions of monetary value were influenced by sneaker model rarity, celebrity endorsement of sneakers, collaboration between brands and celebrities, retro marketing, and sneaker condition. Second, the interviewees who purchased sneakers with resale intention demonstrated behaviors that are noteworthy in various stages of the Inventory Ownership Cycle (IOC) (Boyd & McConocha, 1996). When interviewees considered purchasing sneakers they intended to resale, they did an extensive information search prior to purchase to predict resale price, purchased multiple pairs with controversial methods (e.g., using bots and back-dooring), did not wear or carefully wore the sneakers, utilized various resale channel (e.g., eBay, social media, and mobile applications), and took measures to minimize physical and financial risks of reselling. Third, data show that while interviewees often had both positive and negative affects towards the resale market, they tended to have more negative affects towards resellers who used controversial methods to acquire sneakers. However, the interviewees seemed to accept these negative aspects of the resale market and said nothing can be done to change it. This study has implications for both researchers and business practitioners. For researchers in consumer behavior, this study provides insight into how resale intention can influence behaviors throughout the IOC (Boyd & McConocha, 1996). For business practitioners, findings from this study call attention to the need to consider consumers who purchase for personal use and consumers who purchase for resale as different market segments. It also calls out the need for brand managers to preserve this unique consumer culture and reduce negative outcomes caused by reselling. Title: Sneakerheads’ Assessment of Sneaker Value and Behaviors throughout the Sneaker Ownership Cycle Author: Choi, JIn Woo The purpose of the present study was to investigate value perceptions and consumption behaviors of sneakerheads who are mixed-role resellers of sneakers. “Sneakerhead” is a term given to those who collect and wear sneakers with a vast amount of effort and resources (Semmelhack, Garcia, Lepri, Willis, & Hatfield, 2015). “Mixed-role resellers” is a term given to individuals who collect, use, and resell consumer goods (Chu & Liao, 2007). Traditional consumer behavior frameworks mostly focus on behaviors surrounding pre-acquisition, purchase, and use of goods initially purchased by the consumer for his or her own use (Boyd & McConocha, 1996). These frameworks do not necessarily explain behaviors surrounding goods initially purchased with the intention to resell to others, such as researching predicted resale value during pre-acquisition, using controversial methods to obtain products during acquisition, and taking special measure to keep a product in pristine condition. While the resale market has expanded due to internet and social media, resale behavior has not drawn much attention from researchers. To address this gap, the author took a qualitative approach to gain an understanding of value perception and behaviors when consumers purchase goods with the intention to resell. The three research questions are: 1) What factors into mixed-role reseller sneakerheads’ perception of a sneaker’s value? 2) What behaviors are exhibited by mixed-role reseller sneakerheads during pre-acquisition, acquisition, physical possession, and resale of the sneakers they intend to resell; what motivates these behaviors? 3) What do mixed-role reseller sneakerheads like and dislike about the sneaker resale market? A total of 25 in-depth interviews were conducted using a semi-structured interview guide. Interviewees were recruited through posts on sneakerhead community websites and snowball sampling. To qualify for participation in the study, interviewees needed to fit the description of a sneakerhead and a mixed-role reseller of sneakers. Results show how the interviewees evaluate the value of sneakers they intend to resell, what behaviors interviewees exhibit during the pre-acquisition, acquisition, physical possession, and disposition stages pertaining to sneakers they intend to resell, and how the interviewees felt about the resale market in general. First, data show that sneakers can hold monetary, emotional, functional, and/or social value. Most discussion about sneaker value centered on monetary value. Findings show that interviewees’ perceptions of monetary value were influenced by sneaker model rarity, celebrity endorsement of sneakers, collaboration between brands and celebrities, retro marketing, and sneaker condition. Second, the interviewees who purchased sneakers with resale intention demonstrated behaviors that are noteworthy in various stages of the Inventory Ownership Cycle (IOC) (Boyd & McConocha, 1996). When interviewees considered purchasing sneakers they intended to resale, they did an extensive information search prior to purchase to predict resale price, purchased multiple pairs with controversial methods (e.g., using bots and back-dooring), did not wear or carefully wore the sneakers, utilized various resale channel (e.g., eBay, social media, and mobile applications), and took measures to minimize physical and financial risks of reselling. Third, data show that while interviewees often had both positive and negative affects towards the resale market, they tended to have more negative affects towards resellers who used controversial methods to acquire sneakers. However, the interviewees seemed to accept these negative aspects of the resale market and said nothing can be done to change it. This study has implications for both researchers and business practitioners. For researchers in consumer behavior, this study provides insight into how resale intention can influence behaviors throughout the IOC (Boyd & McConocha, 1996). For business practitioners, findings from this study call attention to the need to consider consumers who purchase for personal use and consumers who purchase for resale as different market segments. It also calls out the need for brand managers to preserve this unique consumer culture and reduce negative outcomes caused by reselling. Close

• 59. [Article] Data rate improvements for the IEEE 802.11 wireless local area network standard through the use of code division multiple access and turbo coding

  The widespread use of Wireless Local Area Networks (WLAN) and the desire for such products from different vendors to operate together has generated a movement towards standardization. Over the last decade, ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Data rate improvements for the IEEE 802.11 wireless local area network standard through the use of code division multiple access and turbo coding Author: Buck, David H. The widespread use of Wireless Local Area Networks (WLAN) and the desire for such products from different vendors to operate together has generated a movement towards standardization. Over the last decade, several organizations worldwide have researched and developed such standards, this includes the IEEE 802.11 committee. One of the important considerations in design and marketing WLAN products is the data rate supported by such products. This thesis deals with the development of a modification of the Direct Sequence (DS) physical layer standard in IEEE 802.11 to allow higher data rates beyond the 1-2Mb/s supported by the standard. More precisely, this thesis proposes using Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) and turbo coding, an aggressive channel encoding technique, to improve the data rate performance 2-3 times over that in IEEE 802.11. A simplified transceiver design is presented and computer simulations are performed to verify the design and implementation considerations. Title: Data rate improvements for the IEEE 802.11 wireless local area network standard through the use of code division multiple access and turbo coding Author: Buck, David H. The widespread use of Wireless Local Area Networks (WLAN) and the desire for such products from different vendors to operate together has generated a movement towards standardization. Over the last decade, several organizations worldwide have researched and developed such standards, this includes the IEEE 802.11 committee. One of the important considerations in design and marketing WLAN products is the data rate supported by such products. This thesis deals with the development of a modification of the Direct Sequence (DS) physical layer standard in IEEE 802.11 to allow higher data rates beyond the 1-2Mb/s supported by the standard. More precisely, this thesis proposes using Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) and turbo coding, an aggressive channel encoding technique, to improve the data rate performance 2-3 times over that in IEEE 802.11. A simplified transceiver design is presented and computer simulations are performed to verify the design and implementation considerations. Close

• 60. [Article] An economic comparison of three cattle grazing management strategies intended to improve riparian habitat and water quality

  Grazing of riparian forage by livestock may alter stream channel morphology in ways that impact nearby aquatic habitat, bank stability, vegetative cover and water quality. A number of grazing management ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: An economic comparison of three cattle grazing management strategies intended to improve riparian habitat and water quality Author: Sharp, Jeffrey L. Grazing of riparian forage by livestock may alter stream channel morphology in ways that impact nearby aquatic habitat, bank stability, vegetative cover and water quality. A number of grazing management practices have been proposed as a means to reduce the amount of time cattle spend in the riparian zone. The effectiveness and long-term economic feasibility of these grazing management practices is largely unknown. Little is known about economic differences resulting from seasonally prescribed grazing. Findings from this research will aid ranch and resource managers in making economically viable and ecologically sound resource decisions for the future. This study was conducted to analyze the economic and environmental impacts of seasonal grazing and off-stream water development on a 300 head cow-calf ranch in northeastern Oregon. A bio-economic model was developed to analyze and compare three grazing management practices at the ranch level. Economic impacts to the model ranch were analyzed by examining changes in long-run annual revenue and total net present value (NPV) expected for each of the three management practices under various rainfall conditions, cattle market scenarios and discounts rates. Late summer grazing of riparian pasture with off-stream water development yielded the highest comparable NPV across all rainfall and market price scenarios examined Changes in the discount rate inversely affected the NPV of future returns, but did not alter the optimal grazing strategy. Only slight differences in NPV were measured between early and late seasonal grazing options. Water quality monitoring results from the study were inconclusive. Results showed that the optimal strategy for the protection of water quality varied depending upon the limiting factor of highest concern. Cattle distribution indicators such as average distance from stream and streamside fecal counts, point toward early season grazing as the most effective strategy at dispersing cattle away from the stream corridor. Title: An economic comparison of three cattle grazing management strategies intended to improve riparian habitat and water quality Author: Sharp, Jeffrey L. Grazing of riparian forage by livestock may alter stream channel morphology in ways that impact nearby aquatic habitat, bank stability, vegetative cover and water quality. A number of grazing management practices have been proposed as a means to reduce the amount of time cattle spend in the riparian zone. The effectiveness and long-term economic feasibility of these grazing management practices is largely unknown. Little is known about economic differences resulting from seasonally prescribed grazing. Findings from this research will aid ranch and resource managers in making economically viable and ecologically sound resource decisions for the future. This study was conducted to analyze the economic and environmental impacts of seasonal grazing and off-stream water development on a 300 head cow-calf ranch in northeastern Oregon. A bio-economic model was developed to analyze and compare three grazing management practices at the ranch level. Economic impacts to the model ranch were analyzed by examining changes in long-run annual revenue and total net present value (NPV) expected for each of the three management practices under various rainfall conditions, cattle market scenarios and discounts rates. Late summer grazing of riparian pasture with off-stream water development yielded the highest comparable NPV across all rainfall and market price scenarios examined Changes in the discount rate inversely affected the NPV of future returns, but did not alter the optimal grazing strategy. Only slight differences in NPV were measured between early and late seasonal grazing options. Water quality monitoring results from the study were inconclusive. Results showed that the optimal strategy for the protection of water quality varied depending upon the limiting factor of highest concern. Cattle distribution indicators such as average distance from stream and streamside fecal counts, point toward early season grazing as the most effective strategy at dispersing cattle away from the stream corridor. Close