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• 5631. [Article] A Bayesian approach to marine spatial planning

  The marine ecosystem provides a broad spectrum of services for a wide array of user groups. Such broad use of marine resources often results in use conflicts between ecosystem elements and human interests. ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: A Bayesian approach to marine spatial planning Author: Erhardt, Morgan William The marine ecosystem provides a broad spectrum of services for a wide array of user groups. Such broad use of marine resources often results in use conflicts between ecosystem elements and human interests. To help mitigate these conflicts, the Bayesian Analysis for Spatial Siting (BASS) tool was developed to incorporate both environmental modeled data and subjective stakeholder input while tracking, maintaining and incorporating uncertainty around both data types. The BASS tool is intended to support marine spatial planning decisions where a wide range of potential user groups have interests that conflict regarding siting decisions. The BASS tool incorporates an initial set of twelve (12) Bayesian Belief Network (BBN) models to provide information on ecosystem and economic services such as habitat suitabilities, device suitabilities and usage pressures which include commercial fishing and recreation activities. These models use environmental data as inputs and return suitability values for potential locations in a near real-time on-request basis. BBN methods were selected for this system to take advantage of their intuitive structural components as well as their ability to incorporate and track uncertainty through the modeling process. Stakeholder input is collected in the system using a subset of software from the AccordTM decision support system by Robust Decisions, Inc. This system uses an intuitive two-step data collection method to quantify stakeholder values regarding the decision making process. In the first step, stakeholder participants rank the decision measures, both modeled and subjective, in terms of importance. This ranking scheme allows for weighting later in the process where exploration of the results may require an understanding of stakeholder priorities. The second step uses another component of the AccordTM system called the Belief Map© to collect the stakeholder’s levels of satisfaction and certainty regarding subjective decision measures. Finally, using an online user interface, the BASS tool allows a decision manager to explore the output data for the sites in terms of both the modeled and stakeholder decision measure values. Additionally, the user can view the tool output with the weighting structure of the various stakeholders to better understand the priorities held by different groups. This method allows a decision manager to better understand the character of a decision and guide its progress toward a resolution that best addresses the most important elements of the process. Title: A Bayesian approach to marine spatial planning Author: Erhardt, Morgan William The marine ecosystem provides a broad spectrum of services for a wide array of user groups. Such broad use of marine resources often results in use conflicts between ecosystem elements and human interests. To help mitigate these conflicts, the Bayesian Analysis for Spatial Siting (BASS) tool was developed to incorporate both environmental modeled data and subjective stakeholder input while tracking, maintaining and incorporating uncertainty around both data types. The BASS tool is intended to support marine spatial planning decisions where a wide range of potential user groups have interests that conflict regarding siting decisions. The BASS tool incorporates an initial set of twelve (12) Bayesian Belief Network (BBN) models to provide information on ecosystem and economic services such as habitat suitabilities, device suitabilities and usage pressures which include commercial fishing and recreation activities. These models use environmental data as inputs and return suitability values for potential locations in a near real-time on-request basis. BBN methods were selected for this system to take advantage of their intuitive structural components as well as their ability to incorporate and track uncertainty through the modeling process. Stakeholder input is collected in the system using a subset of software from the AccordTM decision support system by Robust Decisions, Inc. This system uses an intuitive two-step data collection method to quantify stakeholder values regarding the decision making process. In the first step, stakeholder participants rank the decision measures, both modeled and subjective, in terms of importance. This ranking scheme allows for weighting later in the process where exploration of the results may require an understanding of stakeholder priorities. The second step uses another component of the AccordTM system called the Belief Map© to collect the stakeholder’s levels of satisfaction and certainty regarding subjective decision measures. Finally, using an online user interface, the BASS tool allows a decision manager to explore the output data for the sites in terms of both the modeled and stakeholder decision measure values. Additionally, the user can view the tool output with the weighting structure of the various stakeholders to better understand the priorities held by different groups. This method allows a decision manager to better understand the character of a decision and guide its progress toward a resolution that best addresses the most important elements of the process. Close

• 5632. [Article] Distributions and fishery associations of immature short-tailed albatrosses (Phoebastria albatrus) in the North Pacific

  Short-tailed albatrosses (Phoebastria albatrus, hereafter "STAL") migrate throughout the North Pacific, overlapping with multiple large scale fisheries. In the Bering Sea, documented bycatch of this species ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Distributions and fishery associations of immature short-tailed albatrosses (Phoebastria albatrus) in the North Pacific Author: O'Connor, Amelia J. Short-tailed albatrosses (Phoebastria albatrus, hereafter "STAL") migrate throughout the North Pacific, overlapping with multiple large scale fisheries. In the Bering Sea, documented bycatch of this species is a focal conservation concern, due to the fact that this species is listed as "endangered" under the U.S. Endangered Species Act. We conducted the first year-round tracking study of immature (≤3 years) STAL, an understudied age class, between 2008 and 2012. We quantify seasonal distributions and fisheries associations. Our findings highlight regional differences in distributions and areas of high vessel associations within the Bering Sea. We examined travel distances across seasons and bird demographics, seasonal ranges of birds, and whether core use areas differed among ages, sexes, or source colonies. Source colonies include Torishima, the main STAL colony, and an anticipated new colony on Mukojima where birds were translocated and hand-reared. Linear mixed models (LMM) were used to evaluate travel distances across temporal and demographic (sex, age, and source colony) variables. Kernel density estimations (KDE) were used to quantify range and core areas. These areas were further analyzed using overlap indices. Regional variations were found in core areas of sexes and age classes. Moreover, STAL in first year of flight have a broader distribution than other ages, which may suggest a period of learning foraging skills or exploratory movements. We also found no concerning differences in year-round distributions between colonies (which included translocated and non-translocated birds), and documented via satellite tracking an initial return to Mukojima by a three year old translocated bird. In the Bering Sea, we examined seasonal distributions and STAL association with Bering Sea/Aleutian Island fisheries. Associations (defined here as STAL locations within 2 hours and 10 kilometers from a vessel setting gear), were quantified spatially and examined with a LMM. STAL-vessel associations occurred year round but predominately during summer and fall months along shelf-break and near canyon habitats. Additionally, the relative abundance of associations with longline vessels vs. other gear types increased from summer to fall, when most STAL bycatch was documented. While greater vessel associations and one bycatch event did occur within STAL high use areas, STAL bycatch during this study period occurred in areas of low longline association. We also did not find variations in fisheries association between translocated and non-translocated STAL. Title: Distributions and fishery associations of immature short-tailed albatrosses (Phoebastria albatrus) in the North Pacific Author: O'Connor, Amelia J. Short-tailed albatrosses (Phoebastria albatrus, hereafter "STAL") migrate throughout the North Pacific, overlapping with multiple large scale fisheries. In the Bering Sea, documented bycatch of this species is a focal conservation concern, due to the fact that this species is listed as "endangered" under the U.S. Endangered Species Act. We conducted the first year-round tracking study of immature (≤3 years) STAL, an understudied age class, between 2008 and 2012. We quantify seasonal distributions and fisheries associations. Our findings highlight regional differences in distributions and areas of high vessel associations within the Bering Sea. We examined travel distances across seasons and bird demographics, seasonal ranges of birds, and whether core use areas differed among ages, sexes, or source colonies. Source colonies include Torishima, the main STAL colony, and an anticipated new colony on Mukojima where birds were translocated and hand-reared. Linear mixed models (LMM) were used to evaluate travel distances across temporal and demographic (sex, age, and source colony) variables. Kernel density estimations (KDE) were used to quantify range and core areas. These areas were further analyzed using overlap indices. Regional variations were found in core areas of sexes and age classes. Moreover, STAL in first year of flight have a broader distribution than other ages, which may suggest a period of learning foraging skills or exploratory movements. We also found no concerning differences in year-round distributions between colonies (which included translocated and non-translocated birds), and documented via satellite tracking an initial return to Mukojima by a three year old translocated bird. In the Bering Sea, we examined seasonal distributions and STAL association with Bering Sea/Aleutian Island fisheries. Associations (defined here as STAL locations within 2 hours and 10 kilometers from a vessel setting gear), were quantified spatially and examined with a LMM. STAL-vessel associations occurred year round but predominately during summer and fall months along shelf-break and near canyon habitats. Additionally, the relative abundance of associations with longline vessels vs. other gear types increased from summer to fall, when most STAL bycatch was documented. While greater vessel associations and one bycatch event did occur within STAL high use areas, STAL bycatch during this study period occurred in areas of low longline association. We also did not find variations in fisheries association between translocated and non-translocated STAL. Close

• 5633. [Article] Developmental neurobehavioral toxicity of bisphenol A in zebrafish (Danio rerio)

  Billions of pounds of bisphenol A (BPA) are produced annually around the globe for the manufacture of numerous consumer products, including polycarbonate food and water containers, the protective resin ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Developmental neurobehavioral toxicity of bisphenol A in zebrafish (Danio rerio) Author: Saili, Katerine Schletz Billions of pounds of bisphenol A (BPA) are produced annually around the globe for the manufacture of numerous consumer products, including polycarbonate food and water containers, the protective resin linings of food cans, thermal printing paper, and dental fillings. BPA exposure during nervous system development has been associated with learning and behavioral impairments in animal models. The mode of action for these effects is not clearly defined. While BPA is a weak estrogen receptor (ER) agonist, it is also an estrogen-related receptor gamma (ERRγ) agonist. ERRγ binds BPA with 100 times greater affinity than ERs. This study was designed to test the hypothesis that exposure to human-relevant BPA concentrations impacts nervous system development and behavior through ERRγ activation. To examine whether BPA behaves more like an ER or ERRγ ligand, two positive control compounds were used throughout the study: 17β-estradiol (E2) and GSK4716, ER and ERRγ agonists, respectively. Initial behavior testing results included the observation that neurodevelopmental exposure to 0.01 or 0.1 μM BPA led to hyperactivity in larvae, while exposure to 0.1 or 1 μM BPA led to learning deficits in adult zebrafish. Exposure to 0.1 μM E2 or GSK4716 also led to larval hyperactivity. To identify early molecular signaling events that lead to the observed neurobehavioral phenotypes, a global gene expression analysis using a 135K zebrafish microarray was conducted. The concentrations of compounds tested were anchored to the common larval hyperactivity phenotype they elicited. Gross abnormalities, in the case of higher concentrations of BPA and E2, were also anchored phenotypes included in the analysis. Functional pathway analysis of the BPA versus E2 results predicted an impact on prothrombin signaling from the two lower concentrations of BPA and E2. Both BPA and GSK4716 were also predicted to impact nervous system development, potentially involving inhibition of the upstream regulator, SIM1. Additionally, GSK4716 exposure was predicted to inhibit neuron migration. There were fewer similarities in transcriptional responses between BPA and E2 when the lower versus higher concentrations were compared, suggesting different mechanisms operated at the higher concentrations. Subsequent experiments were focused on the role of ERRγ in the larval hyperactivity phenotype. Transient ERRγ knockdown by antisense oligonucleotide morpholino during the first 24 hours of development abrogated the hyperactive phenotype induced by 0.1 μM BPA exposure. Transient ERRγ knockdown during the first 48 hours of development resulted in developmental delays, craniofacial defects, pericardial edema, and severe body axis curvature. This work is the first to identify behavioral effects in a fish from developmental BPA exposure. It is also the first study to confirm a role for ERRγ in mediating BPA's neurobehavioral effects in any animal model. The global gene expression analysis identified similarities between BPA, E2, and GSK4716, suggesting that BPA's mode of action may involve crosstalk between ERRγ and other ERs. These results from human-relevant BPA exposures help explain the widely documented in vivo effects of BPA, despite low binding affinity exhibited by nuclear ERs. ERRγ is an evolutionarily conserved vertebrate receptor and the developmental impacts of BPA in the zebrafish are an indication of hazard potential to vertebrates. They are also an important translational step toward knowing the hazard potential from human developmental exposure to BPA and yet unknown environmental ligands of ERRγ. Title: Developmental neurobehavioral toxicity of bisphenol A in zebrafish (Danio rerio) Author: Saili, Katerine Schletz Billions of pounds of bisphenol A (BPA) are produced annually around the globe for the manufacture of numerous consumer products, including polycarbonate food and water containers, the protective resin linings of food cans, thermal printing paper, and dental fillings. BPA exposure during nervous system development has been associated with learning and behavioral impairments in animal models. The mode of action for these effects is not clearly defined. While BPA is a weak estrogen receptor (ER) agonist, it is also an estrogen-related receptor gamma (ERRγ) agonist. ERRγ binds BPA with 100 times greater affinity than ERs. This study was designed to test the hypothesis that exposure to human-relevant BPA concentrations impacts nervous system development and behavior through ERRγ activation. To examine whether BPA behaves more like an ER or ERRγ ligand, two positive control compounds were used throughout the study: 17β-estradiol (E2) and GSK4716, ER and ERRγ agonists, respectively. Initial behavior testing results included the observation that neurodevelopmental exposure to 0.01 or 0.1 μM BPA led to hyperactivity in larvae, while exposure to 0.1 or 1 μM BPA led to learning deficits in adult zebrafish. Exposure to 0.1 μM E2 or GSK4716 also led to larval hyperactivity. To identify early molecular signaling events that lead to the observed neurobehavioral phenotypes, a global gene expression analysis using a 135K zebrafish microarray was conducted. The concentrations of compounds tested were anchored to the common larval hyperactivity phenotype they elicited. Gross abnormalities, in the case of higher concentrations of BPA and E2, were also anchored phenotypes included in the analysis. Functional pathway analysis of the BPA versus E2 results predicted an impact on prothrombin signaling from the two lower concentrations of BPA and E2. Both BPA and GSK4716 were also predicted to impact nervous system development, potentially involving inhibition of the upstream regulator, SIM1. Additionally, GSK4716 exposure was predicted to inhibit neuron migration. There were fewer similarities in transcriptional responses between BPA and E2 when the lower versus higher concentrations were compared, suggesting different mechanisms operated at the higher concentrations. Subsequent experiments were focused on the role of ERRγ in the larval hyperactivity phenotype. Transient ERRγ knockdown by antisense oligonucleotide morpholino during the first 24 hours of development abrogated the hyperactive phenotype induced by 0.1 μM BPA exposure. Transient ERRγ knockdown during the first 48 hours of development resulted in developmental delays, craniofacial defects, pericardial edema, and severe body axis curvature. This work is the first to identify behavioral effects in a fish from developmental BPA exposure. It is also the first study to confirm a role for ERRγ in mediating BPA's neurobehavioral effects in any animal model. The global gene expression analysis identified similarities between BPA, E2, and GSK4716, suggesting that BPA's mode of action may involve crosstalk between ERRγ and other ERs. These results from human-relevant BPA exposures help explain the widely documented in vivo effects of BPA, despite low binding affinity exhibited by nuclear ERs. ERRγ is an evolutionarily conserved vertebrate receptor and the developmental impacts of BPA in the zebrafish are an indication of hazard potential to vertebrates. They are also an important translational step toward knowing the hazard potential from human developmental exposure to BPA and yet unknown environmental ligands of ERRγ. Close

• 5634. [Article] Growth of Staphylococcus aureus of enterotoxin production in pre-cooked tuna meat

  Staphylococcus aureus is a human pathogen capable of producing enterotoxins causing staphylococcal food poisoning, one of the most economically important foodborne diseases in the U.S. This pathogen may ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Growth of Staphylococcus aureus of enterotoxin production in pre-cooked tuna meat Author: Wu, Xulei Staphylococcus aureus is a human pathogen capable of producing enterotoxins causing staphylococcal food poisoning, one of the most economically important foodborne diseases in the U.S. This pathogen may be introduced to pre-cooked tuna meat used for the production of canned tuna because significant manual handling occurs after cooking of the raw fish to separate the meat from the skin and bones. This study was conducted to investigate the growth and enterotoxin production of five enterotoxigenic S. aureus strains in pre-cooked albacore and skipjack tuna meat held at 37 and 27°C, the survival of S. aureus in pre-cooked tuna meat stored at -20±2°C for 4 weeks and its ability to grow and produce enterotoxins in the pre-cooked tuna meat at 37°C after frozen storage, and thermal inactivation of enterotoxins in pre-cooked tuna meat at 111 and 121°C. Frozen pre-cooked albacore tuna (loin, chunk and flake) and skipjack tuna (chunk and flake) obtained from a canned tuna producer were inoculated with five S. aureus strains or highly purified enterotoxins A (SEA), B (SEB), and D (SED) for this study. With an initial inoculation levels of 10²⁻⁴ CFU/g, populations of S. aureus in inoculated albacore and skipjack tuna meat increased by >3 log CFU/g after 6 and 8 h of incubation at 37°C, respectively. On the other hand, more than 8 and 10 h of incubation at 27°C were needed to yield the same increase of S. aureus counts (>3 log CFU/g) in albacore and skipjack samples, respectively. However no enterotoxin was produced in any inoculated albacore or skipjack tuna samples exposed to 37°C for 12 h or 27°C for 16 h. S. aureus survived in pre-cooked tuna during frozen storage. With an initial inoculation level of 10³⁻⁴ CFU/g, populations of S. aureus in all pre-cooked tuna samples decreased slightly (<0.7 log CFU/g) after 4 weeks of storage at -20±2°C. However, the populations increased rapidly once the samples were thawed and held at 37°C. Total S. aureus counts in albacore and skipjack samples increased by greater than 3 log CFU/g after 6 and 8 h of exposure to 37°C, respectively. However, no enterotoxin was detected in any samples after 10 h exposure to 37°C. All the samples showed signs of spoilage before enterotoxin was detected. Studies of heat resistances of SEA, SEB, and SED inoculated to pre-cooked albacore and skipjack tuna meat revealed that the heat resistance of SED was stronger than SEA and SEB, particularly in albacore loin, flake and skipjack flake samples. When samples were inoculated with SEA, SEB and SED at levels of 500 ng/g, a thermal treatment at 121°C for 15 min inactivated SEA and SEB in all samples and SED in albacore chunk and skipjack chunk but not in albacore loin, flake and skipjack flake samples. However, a process at 111°C, for 60 min inactivated all SEA, SEB and SED in all tuna samples at levels of 500 ng/g. When the pre-cooked tuna meat samples were inoculated with S. aureus at levels of 10³⁻⁴ CFU/g, SEA, SEB, and SED were detected in all samples after 36 h of incubation at 37°C. However, a thermal process of 121°C for 15 min or 111°C for 40 min destroyed all enterotoxins. Title: Growth of Staphylococcus aureus of enterotoxin production in pre-cooked tuna meat Author: Wu, Xulei Staphylococcus aureus is a human pathogen capable of producing enterotoxins causing staphylococcal food poisoning, one of the most economically important foodborne diseases in the U.S. This pathogen may be introduced to pre-cooked tuna meat used for the production of canned tuna because significant manual handling occurs after cooking of the raw fish to separate the meat from the skin and bones. This study was conducted to investigate the growth and enterotoxin production of five enterotoxigenic S. aureus strains in pre-cooked albacore and skipjack tuna meat held at 37 and 27°C, the survival of S. aureus in pre-cooked tuna meat stored at -20±2°C for 4 weeks and its ability to grow and produce enterotoxins in the pre-cooked tuna meat at 37°C after frozen storage, and thermal inactivation of enterotoxins in pre-cooked tuna meat at 111 and 121°C. Frozen pre-cooked albacore tuna (loin, chunk and flake) and skipjack tuna (chunk and flake) obtained from a canned tuna producer were inoculated with five S. aureus strains or highly purified enterotoxins A (SEA), B (SEB), and D (SED) for this study. With an initial inoculation levels of 10²⁻⁴ CFU/g, populations of S. aureus in inoculated albacore and skipjack tuna meat increased by >3 log CFU/g after 6 and 8 h of incubation at 37°C, respectively. On the other hand, more than 8 and 10 h of incubation at 27°C were needed to yield the same increase of S. aureus counts (>3 log CFU/g) in albacore and skipjack samples, respectively. However no enterotoxin was produced in any inoculated albacore or skipjack tuna samples exposed to 37°C for 12 h or 27°C for 16 h. S. aureus survived in pre-cooked tuna during frozen storage. With an initial inoculation level of 10³⁻⁴ CFU/g, populations of S. aureus in all pre-cooked tuna samples decreased slightly (<0.7 log CFU/g) after 4 weeks of storage at -20±2°C. However, the populations increased rapidly once the samples were thawed and held at 37°C. Total S. aureus counts in albacore and skipjack samples increased by greater than 3 log CFU/g after 6 and 8 h of exposure to 37°C, respectively. However, no enterotoxin was detected in any samples after 10 h exposure to 37°C. All the samples showed signs of spoilage before enterotoxin was detected. Studies of heat resistances of SEA, SEB, and SED inoculated to pre-cooked albacore and skipjack tuna meat revealed that the heat resistance of SED was stronger than SEA and SEB, particularly in albacore loin, flake and skipjack flake samples. When samples were inoculated with SEA, SEB and SED at levels of 500 ng/g, a thermal treatment at 121°C for 15 min inactivated SEA and SEB in all samples and SED in albacore chunk and skipjack chunk but not in albacore loin, flake and skipjack flake samples. However, a process at 111°C, for 60 min inactivated all SEA, SEB and SED in all tuna samples at levels of 500 ng/g. When the pre-cooked tuna meat samples were inoculated with S. aureus at levels of 10³⁻⁴ CFU/g, SEA, SEB, and SED were detected in all samples after 36 h of incubation at 37°C. However, a thermal process of 121°C for 15 min or 111°C for 40 min destroyed all enterotoxins. Close

• 5635. [Article] An in silico Approach to Determine the Influence of Surface Chemical Properties on the Toxicity of Engineered Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles

  Nanotechnology products have long since made their way to markets around the world increasing the concerns about whether nanomaterials pose a risk to our environment or health. It has been suggested that ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: An in silico Approach to Determine the Influence of Surface Chemical Properties on the Toxicity of Engineered Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Author: Zhou, Zitao Nanotechnology products have long since made their way to markets around the world increasing the concerns about whether nanomaterials pose a risk to our environment or health. It has been suggested that engineered nanomaterial (ENM) with broad applications and rapid commercialization need better risk assessment and regulation. However, the refinement of regulations to deal with ENMs is limited by the time consuming and costly nature of in vivo and in vitro toxicity testing. In silico methods offer an inexpensive and rapid mechanism to integrate data from in vitro and in vivo testing and to ultimately predict their toxicity without the need for toxicological evaluations. Quantitative structure activity relationships (QSARs) can be developed to correlate descriptors of chemical compounds with their biological activities to inform risk assessments. As one of the most widely used additives in paints, sunscreens and electronic devices, zinc oxide nanoparticles (NP) are expected to increase in our environment. Some computational models have been established for simple bare metal NPs; however, none to date have focused on surface modified ZnO NPs. The goal of this project was to use NP toxic response data and determine if the inherent NP surface modification has a predictable effect on toxicity. To assess for hazardous effects caused by ZnO NPs, embryonic zebrafish were selected as vertebrate test species as their transparent tissues allow for easy visual assessment of multiple developmental malformations and their short life span allows for rapid assessments. The physicochemical properties of NP surface modifications were calculated with consideration of fish water pH and electrolyte concentrations. Principal component analysis (PCA) and ordinary kriging (OK) methods were applied to develop our model. To test our model for prediction of more complicated ZnO NPs, we selected 2 additional ZnO NPs that were doped with Fe₂O₃ or Al₂O₃, and determined if they matched our toxicity estimations. Based on this strategy, ENM toxicity could be rapidly estimated from label information and wide range of kriging maps with increasing support from our publically available knowledgebase and global collaborations. Title: An in silico Approach to Determine the Influence of Surface Chemical Properties on the Toxicity of Engineered Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Author: Zhou, Zitao Nanotechnology products have long since made their way to markets around the world increasing the concerns about whether nanomaterials pose a risk to our environment or health. It has been suggested that engineered nanomaterial (ENM) with broad applications and rapid commercialization need better risk assessment and regulation. However, the refinement of regulations to deal with ENMs is limited by the time consuming and costly nature of in vivo and in vitro toxicity testing. In silico methods offer an inexpensive and rapid mechanism to integrate data from in vitro and in vivo testing and to ultimately predict their toxicity without the need for toxicological evaluations. Quantitative structure activity relationships (QSARs) can be developed to correlate descriptors of chemical compounds with their biological activities to inform risk assessments. As one of the most widely used additives in paints, sunscreens and electronic devices, zinc oxide nanoparticles (NP) are expected to increase in our environment. Some computational models have been established for simple bare metal NPs; however, none to date have focused on surface modified ZnO NPs. The goal of this project was to use NP toxic response data and determine if the inherent NP surface modification has a predictable effect on toxicity. To assess for hazardous effects caused by ZnO NPs, embryonic zebrafish were selected as vertebrate test species as their transparent tissues allow for easy visual assessment of multiple developmental malformations and their short life span allows for rapid assessments. The physicochemical properties of NP surface modifications were calculated with consideration of fish water pH and electrolyte concentrations. Principal component analysis (PCA) and ordinary kriging (OK) methods were applied to develop our model. To test our model for prediction of more complicated ZnO NPs, we selected 2 additional ZnO NPs that were doped with Fe₂O₃ or Al₂O₃, and determined if they matched our toxicity estimations. Based on this strategy, ENM toxicity could be rapidly estimated from label information and wide range of kriging maps with increasing support from our publically available knowledgebase and global collaborations. Close

• 5636. [Article] Depositional and diagenetic model for the Middle Devonian Denay Limestone, northern Antelope Range, Eureka County, Nevada

  Deposition of the Middle Devonian part of the Denay Limestone and Bay State Dolomite in the northern Antelope Range and Fish Creek Range, respectively, took place on and in front of a carbonate platform ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Depositional and diagenetic model for the Middle Devonian Denay Limestone, northern Antelope Range, Eureka County, Nevada Author: Hoffmann, Heidi Deposition of the Middle Devonian part of the Denay Limestone and Bay State Dolomite in the northern Antelope Range and Fish Creek Range, respectively, took place on and in front of a carbonate platform with a lime sand shoal at the shelf edge. In the Givetian part of the Denay Limestone, basin, slope, lime sand shoal, and open platform fades belts are repeated to form two upward-shallowing sequences preceded by deepening events. The first sequence begins in or below the ensensis conodont Zone. All four facies belts are represented in this sequence, indicating extensive progradation of the shallow-water carbonates after transgression. Abrupt drowning in the Denay occurred in the Middle uarcus conodont Subzone, characterized by deep-water basinal carbonates overlying the shallow, open-platform carbonates. The Bay State Dolomite is dominantly a restricted platform facies characterized by alternating laminated algal dolomite and Amphipora packstone. The Amphipora buildups of the Bay State Dolomite kept pace with rapid relative-sea-level rise and the event is not recorded there. After the second deepening event, progradation was not as extensive as in the previous sequence. An upper slope facies is as shallow as the second sequence exhibits. Both upward- shallowing sequences are recognizable in the western Canadian Middle Devonian. Diagenetic features in the Denay Limestone and Bay State Dolomite can be interpreted as representing depositional and postdepositional changes that took place in the following environments: (1) marine phreatic, (2) saturated meteoric phreatic, (3) mixing marine meteoric phreatic, and (4) burial. Conodont alteration index (CAI) values suggest that the Denay Limestone was never buried more than about 3,000 meters (10,000 feet). A major diagenetic change is the pervasive dolomitization of the upper portion of the lower upwardshallowing sequence. This dolomitization is clearly related to the paleogeography as it gradually becomes dolomitized up section to the top of the lower upward-shallowing sequence which is overlain by lime mudstones. The model proposed here for early dolomitization by marine meteoric mixing phreatic water. Silicification is also associated with this diagenetic environment. Other important diagenetic features include mosaic calcite cementation, aggrading neomorphism, calcite syntaxial overgrowths, and pressure solution. Title: Depositional and diagenetic model for the Middle Devonian Denay Limestone, northern Antelope Range, Eureka County, Nevada Author: Hoffmann, Heidi Deposition of the Middle Devonian part of the Denay Limestone and Bay State Dolomite in the northern Antelope Range and Fish Creek Range, respectively, took place on and in front of a carbonate platform with a lime sand shoal at the shelf edge. In the Givetian part of the Denay Limestone, basin, slope, lime sand shoal, and open platform fades belts are repeated to form two upward-shallowing sequences preceded by deepening events. The first sequence begins in or below the ensensis conodont Zone. All four facies belts are represented in this sequence, indicating extensive progradation of the shallow-water carbonates after transgression. Abrupt drowning in the Denay occurred in the Middle uarcus conodont Subzone, characterized by deep-water basinal carbonates overlying the shallow, open-platform carbonates. The Bay State Dolomite is dominantly a restricted platform facies characterized by alternating laminated algal dolomite and Amphipora packstone. The Amphipora buildups of the Bay State Dolomite kept pace with rapid relative-sea-level rise and the event is not recorded there. After the second deepening event, progradation was not as extensive as in the previous sequence. An upper slope facies is as shallow as the second sequence exhibits. Both upward- shallowing sequences are recognizable in the western Canadian Middle Devonian. Diagenetic features in the Denay Limestone and Bay State Dolomite can be interpreted as representing depositional and postdepositional changes that took place in the following environments: (1) marine phreatic, (2) saturated meteoric phreatic, (3) mixing marine meteoric phreatic, and (4) burial. Conodont alteration index (CAI) values suggest that the Denay Limestone was never buried more than about 3,000 meters (10,000 feet). A major diagenetic change is the pervasive dolomitization of the upper portion of the lower upwardshallowing sequence. This dolomitization is clearly related to the paleogeography as it gradually becomes dolomitized up section to the top of the lower upward-shallowing sequence which is overlain by lime mudstones. The model proposed here for early dolomitization by marine meteoric mixing phreatic water. Silicification is also associated with this diagenetic environment. Other important diagenetic features include mosaic calcite cementation, aggrading neomorphism, calcite syntaxial overgrowths, and pressure solution. Close

• 5637. [Article] Impacts of climate change and adaptation strategy selection under constrained conditions in Ben Tre province, Vietnam

  EEPSEA and World Fish Center

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Impacts of climate change and adaptation strategy selection under constrained conditions in Ben Tre province, Vietnam Author: Le, Huyen Trang EEPSEA and World Fish Center Title: Impacts of climate change and adaptation strategy selection under constrained conditions in Ben Tre province, Vietnam Author: Le, Huyen Trang EEPSEA and World Fish Center Close

• 5638. [Article] Pêcheries au cœur d'un enjeu de développement : les pêcheries démersales Mauritaniennes du poulpe et des crevettes côtières : confrontation entre stratégies des acteurs : éléments d'analyse

  Research Paper

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Pêcheries au cœur d'un enjeu de développement : les pêcheries démersales Mauritaniennes du poulpe et des crevettes côtières : confrontation entre stratégies des acteurs : éléments d'analyse Author: Dia, Abdou Daïm, Jouffre, Didier, Diop, Mika Research Paper Title: Pêcheries au cœur d'un enjeu de développement : les pêcheries démersales Mauritaniennes du poulpe et des crevettes côtières : confrontation entre stratégies des acteurs : éléments d'analyse Author: Dia, Abdou Daïm, Jouffre, Didier, Diop, Mika Research Paper Close

• 5639. [Article] Particle size characterization of historic sediment deposition from a closed estuarine lagoon, Central California

  To the best of our knowledge, one or more authors of this paper were federal employees when contributing to this work. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by Elsevier ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Particle size characterization of historic sediment deposition from a closed estuarine lagoon, Central California Author: Woolfolk, Andrea M., Gray, Andrew B., Pasternack, Gregory B., Watson, Elizabeth Burke, Goñi, Miguel To the best of our knowledge, one or more authors of this paper were federal employees when contributing to this work. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by Elsevier and can be found at: http://www.elsevier.com/. Title: Particle size characterization of historic sediment deposition from a closed estuarine lagoon, Central California Author: Woolfolk, Andrea M., Gray, Andrew B., Pasternack, Gregory B., Watson, Elizabeth Burke, Goñi, Miguel To the best of our knowledge, one or more authors of this paper were federal employees when contributing to this work. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by Elsevier and can be found at: http://www.elsevier.com/. Close

• 5640. [Article] Indole-3-carbinol and related compound effects on biochemical parameters with respect to trout tumorigenesis

  Indole-3-carbinol (13C), a metabolite of glucobrassicin, is found in cruciferous vegetables. It is able to act as an inhibitor or promoter of carcinogenesis depending on the species, the carcinogen and ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Indole-3-carbinol and related compound effects on biochemical parameters with respect to trout tumorigenesis Author: Hall, Kelly P. Indole-3-carbinol (13C), a metabolite of glucobrassicin, is found in cruciferous vegetables. It is able to act as an inhibitor or promoter of carcinogenesis depending on the species, the carcinogen and when it is given in relation to the carcinogen. This is probably due to the fact that it reacts in an acid environment, such as the stomach, to form acid condensation products. Two of the many condensation products are lndolo(3,2-b)carbazole (ICZ) and 3,3'-diindolylmethane (133'). ICZ is a strong agonist for the Aryl hydrocarbon Receptor (AhR), but is present to a lesser extent in the reaction mix compared to other acid condensation products. 133' is the major condensation product of 13C, but is a weak AhR agonist. In this study, 13C, ICZ, 133' and Indolplex, a formulation of 133', were compared as to Vitellogenin (Vg) and CytochromelA P450 (CYP1A) induction as well as AFB1-initiated tumor promotion in rainbow trout. The initiated trout received 12 ppm AFB1 as fry, which is expected to result in a 10 to 15 percent increase in liver tumors. Vg is an egg yolk precursor is a biomarker for estrogenicity. The CYP1A gene belongs to a gene super-family that function in xenobiotic transformation, and its transcription is regulated by the AhR. Initially, trout were treated with 2000 ppm 13C, which was later lowered to 1000 ppm due to trout mortality. The treatment doses of ICZ and 133' coresponded to the percentage found in the normal reaction mix. ICZ treatments contained 0.3 ppm and 3 ppm. The 133' concentrations used were 400 ppm and 1200 ppm. IndolplexTM,used to treat Recurrent Respiratory Papillomatosis (RRP), contained 1200 ppm. Additionally, a comparison of Vg and CYP1A induction was done between this study and another that included compounds known to be tumor promoters. The other study included promoters believed to act through oxidative stress (hydrogen peroxide (H202), t-butyl peroxide and low choline diet), endocrine modulation (0-estradiol (E2), dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and through the AhR (R-naphthoflavone (BNF). These treatments were applied for 2 weeks. 13C, ICZ and 133' at the doses used induced Vg to about the same degree after 4 months of treatment in trout. 13C induced CYP 1A more than ICZ or 133'. Both ICZ and 133' seemed to have suppressor characteristics at the higher doses in relation to CYP1A induction. Vg and CYP1A induction did not correlate with tumor induction. Mortality was high throughout the experiment. After a year of treatment, tumor incidence was extremely high. In controls that were not treated with AFB,, there was an incidence of liver tumors of 8 percent. The normal incidence is 0.1 percent. Indolplex had the highest incidence of tumors, but was also the treatment with the highest survival of fish. More research needs to be done in relation to 13C and its acid condensation products. Also the cause of the high mortality and tumor rates needs to be found. Title: Indole-3-carbinol and related compound effects on biochemical parameters with respect to trout tumorigenesis Author: Hall, Kelly P. Indole-3-carbinol (13C), a metabolite of glucobrassicin, is found in cruciferous vegetables. It is able to act as an inhibitor or promoter of carcinogenesis depending on the species, the carcinogen and when it is given in relation to the carcinogen. This is probably due to the fact that it reacts in an acid environment, such as the stomach, to form acid condensation products. Two of the many condensation products are lndolo(3,2-b)carbazole (ICZ) and 3,3'-diindolylmethane (133'). ICZ is a strong agonist for the Aryl hydrocarbon Receptor (AhR), but is present to a lesser extent in the reaction mix compared to other acid condensation products. 133' is the major condensation product of 13C, but is a weak AhR agonist. In this study, 13C, ICZ, 133' and Indolplex, a formulation of 133', were compared as to Vitellogenin (Vg) and CytochromelA P450 (CYP1A) induction as well as AFB1-initiated tumor promotion in rainbow trout. The initiated trout received 12 ppm AFB1 as fry, which is expected to result in a 10 to 15 percent increase in liver tumors. Vg is an egg yolk precursor is a biomarker for estrogenicity. The CYP1A gene belongs to a gene super-family that function in xenobiotic transformation, and its transcription is regulated by the AhR. Initially, trout were treated with 2000 ppm 13C, which was later lowered to 1000 ppm due to trout mortality. The treatment doses of ICZ and 133' coresponded to the percentage found in the normal reaction mix. ICZ treatments contained 0.3 ppm and 3 ppm. The 133' concentrations used were 400 ppm and 1200 ppm. IndolplexTM,used to treat Recurrent Respiratory Papillomatosis (RRP), contained 1200 ppm. Additionally, a comparison of Vg and CYP1A induction was done between this study and another that included compounds known to be tumor promoters. The other study included promoters believed to act through oxidative stress (hydrogen peroxide (H202), t-butyl peroxide and low choline diet), endocrine modulation (0-estradiol (E2), dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and through the AhR (R-naphthoflavone (BNF). These treatments were applied for 2 weeks. 13C, ICZ and 133' at the doses used induced Vg to about the same degree after 4 months of treatment in trout. 13C induced CYP 1A more than ICZ or 133'. Both ICZ and 133' seemed to have suppressor characteristics at the higher doses in relation to CYP1A induction. Vg and CYP1A induction did not correlate with tumor induction. Mortality was high throughout the experiment. After a year of treatment, tumor incidence was extremely high. In controls that were not treated with AFB,, there was an incidence of liver tumors of 8 percent. The normal incidence is 0.1 percent. Indolplex had the highest incidence of tumors, but was also the treatment with the highest survival of fish. More research needs to be done in relation to 13C and its acid condensation products. Also the cause of the high mortality and tumor rates needs to be found. Close