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• 41. [Article] Cost-efficient management of aquatic invasive species : application to New Zealand mudsnails in the Pacific Northwest

  By affecting the ecological, pecuniary and aesthetic productivity of ecosystems, invasive species (IS) increase production and management costs to business, while straining public agencies' budgets with ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Cost-efficient management of aquatic invasive species : application to New Zealand mudsnails in the Pacific Northwest Author: Lim, Youngah By affecting the ecological, pecuniary and aesthetic productivity of ecosystems, invasive species (IS) increase production and management costs to business, while straining public agencies' budgets with monitoring, enforcement and management efforts. Understanding invasion pathways or vectors, and identifying costs and benefits of alternative management strategies are critical to public and private decision making in agriculture, natural resource and recreation industries. This study develops an integrated spatial framework to measure IS risk and cost-efficiency of alternative IS management strategies. For a given spatial unit, the framework weighs expected damages, based on measured IS risk, against the cost of alternative management strategies, i.e. spatial cost minimization. The study then applied the spatial cost minimization framework to the case of New Zealand mudsnails, Potamopyrgus antipodarum, (NZMS) in the Pacific Northwest (PNW) using data from a variety of sources. The first stage of the integrated framework is the measurement of NZMS establishment risk, which is estimated as a combination of anthropogenic introduction risk and habitat suitability risk. Since recreational boats are a main vector to disperse NZMS, the normalized boat flows in the PNW states—Idaho, Oregon, and Washington—are used as a proxy for the anthropogenic introduction risk. An environmental niche model then revealed the relationship between environmental features and NZMS presence, i.e. habitat suitability risk. Results suggest that distance, area size, water body concentration, and accessibility are major determinants of PNW recreational boat flows. Environmental characteristics such as elevation, geologic features, precipitation in January, March, and September, as well as the minimum temperature of June, July, and August, and the maximum temperature of June, August, and October are important determinants of PNW's habitat suitability for NZMS. Potential damages arising from NZMS include anglers' utility loss, which is caused by aquatic habitat degradation due to NZMS invasion, and biofouling influence on hydroelectricity plants, drinking water treatment plants, and boats. Because NZMS economic damages and related management cost are not yet fully identified in the literature, damages and management cost of zebra mussels serve as proxies for those of NZMS. Expected damages are then derived as the product of NZMS establishment risk from the first stage and potential damages noted above. Statewide management cost information is compiled from a phone survey of PNW invasive species field managers. Statewide and local management strategies are prevention, early detection and rapid response and its follow-up (EDRR plus) and ex-post management without EDRR. Local strategies additionally include boater decontamination and fish hatchery prevention efforts. Finally, the spatial cost minimization problem evaluates expected damages against the cost of each alternative management strategy (statewide and local). Solutions to this minimization problem, i.e. cost-efficient strategies, are derived for individual spatial units in each of the three PNW states. Reflecting uncertainty in the relationship between NZMS impacts and management, the spatial cost minimization is solved under different scenarios: unconstrained, NZMS damages are a fraction of those of zebra mussels, variation in the effectiveness of statewide and local management strategies, a budget constraint, and targeted NZMS risk level constraint. Results show that statewide prevention, local boater decontamination and fish hatchery prevention are the cost-efficient strategies for managing NZMS in the Pacific Northwest in most cases. Title: Cost-efficient management of aquatic invasive species : application to New Zealand mudsnails in the Pacific Northwest Author: Lim, Youngah By affecting the ecological, pecuniary and aesthetic productivity of ecosystems, invasive species (IS) increase production and management costs to business, while straining public agencies' budgets with monitoring, enforcement and management efforts. Understanding invasion pathways or vectors, and identifying costs and benefits of alternative management strategies are critical to public and private decision making in agriculture, natural resource and recreation industries. This study develops an integrated spatial framework to measure IS risk and cost-efficiency of alternative IS management strategies. For a given spatial unit, the framework weighs expected damages, based on measured IS risk, against the cost of alternative management strategies, i.e. spatial cost minimization. The study then applied the spatial cost minimization framework to the case of New Zealand mudsnails, Potamopyrgus antipodarum, (NZMS) in the Pacific Northwest (PNW) using data from a variety of sources. The first stage of the integrated framework is the measurement of NZMS establishment risk, which is estimated as a combination of anthropogenic introduction risk and habitat suitability risk. Since recreational boats are a main vector to disperse NZMS, the normalized boat flows in the PNW states—Idaho, Oregon, and Washington—are used as a proxy for the anthropogenic introduction risk. An environmental niche model then revealed the relationship between environmental features and NZMS presence, i.e. habitat suitability risk. Results suggest that distance, area size, water body concentration, and accessibility are major determinants of PNW recreational boat flows. Environmental characteristics such as elevation, geologic features, precipitation in January, March, and September, as well as the minimum temperature of June, July, and August, and the maximum temperature of June, August, and October are important determinants of PNW's habitat suitability for NZMS. Potential damages arising from NZMS include anglers' utility loss, which is caused by aquatic habitat degradation due to NZMS invasion, and biofouling influence on hydroelectricity plants, drinking water treatment plants, and boats. Because NZMS economic damages and related management cost are not yet fully identified in the literature, damages and management cost of zebra mussels serve as proxies for those of NZMS. Expected damages are then derived as the product of NZMS establishment risk from the first stage and potential damages noted above. Statewide management cost information is compiled from a phone survey of PNW invasive species field managers. Statewide and local management strategies are prevention, early detection and rapid response and its follow-up (EDRR plus) and ex-post management without EDRR. Local strategies additionally include boater decontamination and fish hatchery prevention efforts. Finally, the spatial cost minimization problem evaluates expected damages against the cost of each alternative management strategy (statewide and local). Solutions to this minimization problem, i.e. cost-efficient strategies, are derived for individual spatial units in each of the three PNW states. Reflecting uncertainty in the relationship between NZMS impacts and management, the spatial cost minimization is solved under different scenarios: unconstrained, NZMS damages are a fraction of those of zebra mussels, variation in the effectiveness of statewide and local management strategies, a budget constraint, and targeted NZMS risk level constraint. Results show that statewide prevention, local boater decontamination and fish hatchery prevention are the cost-efficient strategies for managing NZMS in the Pacific Northwest in most cases. Close

• 42. [Article] Improving ecological risk assessment of pesticides for nontarget terrestrial vertebrates

  The Quotient Method (QM) is used by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) in ecological risk assessments of pesticides for nontarget organisms. The QM requires several assumptions regarding ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Improving ecological risk assessment of pesticides for nontarget terrestrial vertebrates Author: Wang, Guiming The Quotient Method (QM) is used by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) in ecological risk assessments of pesticides for nontarget organisms. The QM requires several assumptions regarding exposure and hazards of pesticides to wildlife; several of these assumptions have not been tested. During 1997-99, I conducted three experiments using the gray-tailed vole (Microtus canicaudus) as a model species to test three assumptions of the QM. The experiments were conducted in 24 0.2-ha fenced vole-proof enclosures. In Experiment 1, I tracked voles using radio-telemetry and found that animals did not move from contaminated to uncontaminated habitat to avoid exposure to a pesticide, thus supporting one assumption of the QM. In Experiment 2, I studied demographic responses of gray-tailed voles and northern bobwhite quail (Colinus virginianus) to liquid and granular formulations of diazinon. The results of Experiment 2 indicated that quail were more susceptible to granular diazinon than to liquid diazinon because of direct consumption of diazinon granules. Neither formulation of diazinon at 0.55 or 1.55 kg AI/ha adversely affected vole demography. In Experiment 3, I used sprinklers to simulate a 0.25-cm rainfall to test the assumption that the expected environmental concentration (EEC) of a pesticide is estimated immediately after application, and that rainfall does not modify the risk of pesticides to animals. The 0.25-cm rainfall may have reduced the risk of voles to Guthion® 2S either by improving the dry season habitat or by washing more pesticide residues down to the soil and reducing exposure of the animals. This experiment did not support the assumption of the QM that weather would not affect the EEC of pesticides. Last, I used a Ricker model incorporating demographic stochasticity to simulate the 1998 and 1999 vole populations and a single pesticide application at different population sizes. The simulations demonstrate that demographic stochasticity could cause uncertainties in predictions of significant effects of pesticide on voles, especially for small populations. These simulations suggest that ecological risk assessments of pesticides to nontarget wildlife should consider demographic characteristics of wildlife species to minimize the uncertainty of predictions. Title: Improving ecological risk assessment of pesticides for nontarget terrestrial vertebrates Author: Wang, Guiming The Quotient Method (QM) is used by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) in ecological risk assessments of pesticides for nontarget organisms. The QM requires several assumptions regarding exposure and hazards of pesticides to wildlife; several of these assumptions have not been tested. During 1997-99, I conducted three experiments using the gray-tailed vole (Microtus canicaudus) as a model species to test three assumptions of the QM. The experiments were conducted in 24 0.2-ha fenced vole-proof enclosures. In Experiment 1, I tracked voles using radio-telemetry and found that animals did not move from contaminated to uncontaminated habitat to avoid exposure to a pesticide, thus supporting one assumption of the QM. In Experiment 2, I studied demographic responses of gray-tailed voles and northern bobwhite quail (Colinus virginianus) to liquid and granular formulations of diazinon. The results of Experiment 2 indicated that quail were more susceptible to granular diazinon than to liquid diazinon because of direct consumption of diazinon granules. Neither formulation of diazinon at 0.55 or 1.55 kg AI/ha adversely affected vole demography. In Experiment 3, I used sprinklers to simulate a 0.25-cm rainfall to test the assumption that the expected environmental concentration (EEC) of a pesticide is estimated immediately after application, and that rainfall does not modify the risk of pesticides to animals. The 0.25-cm rainfall may have reduced the risk of voles to Guthion® 2S either by improving the dry season habitat or by washing more pesticide residues down to the soil and reducing exposure of the animals. This experiment did not support the assumption of the QM that weather would not affect the EEC of pesticides. Last, I used a Ricker model incorporating demographic stochasticity to simulate the 1998 and 1999 vole populations and a single pesticide application at different population sizes. The simulations demonstrate that demographic stochasticity could cause uncertainties in predictions of significant effects of pesticide on voles, especially for small populations. These simulations suggest that ecological risk assessments of pesticides to nontarget wildlife should consider demographic characteristics of wildlife species to minimize the uncertainty of predictions. Close

• 43. [Article] Risk assessment : introduction and establishment of Myxobolus cerebralis in the Deschutes River Basin, Oregon, USA

  A plan for the reestablishment of anadromous salmonid stocks into waters above the Pelton Round Butte Hydroelectric Project (PRB) located on the Deschutes River, Oregon has been under development since ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Risk assessment : introduction and establishment of Myxobolus cerebralis in the Deschutes River Basin, Oregon, USA Author: Zielinski, Christopher A plan for the reestablishment of anadromous salmonid stocks into waters above the Pelton Round Butte Hydroelectric Project (PRB) located on the Deschutes River, Oregon has been under development since 1996. The PRB complex, starting at river kilometer (Rkm) 103, blocks the further upstream migration of anadromous salmonids into upper river basin waters. Part of the process for evaluating the passage plan was the development of a Fish Health Management Program. The program is, in part, designed to minimize and communicate the magnitude of risk associated with passing serious fish pathogens upstream of the PRB until evaluation of the fish passage effort confirms that the reestablishment of anadromous fish species can be successful. With the goal of minimizing the risk of passing serious fish pathogens along with evaluating the magnitude of risk, several potential pathogens of concern were identified. At the forefront of concern is the fish pathogen Myxobolus cerebralis which is responsible for whirling disease in salmonids. Annual, or at least periodic, introduction of M. cerebralis into the lower DRB has occurred since at least 1984 as a result of infected stray adult salmonids spawning and dying there. These are primarily hatchery summer steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss), and to a lesser extent spring Chinook salmon (O. tshawytscha), from the Snake River system. Because of its' potential to cause significant mortality, the risk associated with M. cerebralis establishment in the DRB needed to be addressed. The risk of the parasite being transmitted and established upstream of the PRB with the renewal of fish passage at the PRB, and the potential for M. cerebralis to affect survival of reintroduced anadromous fish species required investigation. To evaluate these potential risks, we conducted multi-year studies (1998-2007) that informed a risk-assessment model. Tailored specifically for M. cerebralis, this model was used to identify key characteristics that will influence pathways of M. cerebralis introduction, the potential for establishment, and the consequences of establishment. The three steps involved in the risk assessment model are the release, exposure and consequence assessments. Using this model we evaluated the probability of introduction and establishment of M. cerebralis in the lower Deschutes River Basin (DRB) as well as in waters above the PRB with future passage of anadromous fish. The current study gives evidence that M. cerebralis is established in the lower DRB. The current study also gives evidence not all areas of the DRB can be classified as having the same likelihood for establishment and the potential impact the parasite poses will not be identical from one location to another. It is clear, however, that M. cerebralis could become established above the PRB if infected fish carry the myxospore into these waters. Title: Risk assessment : introduction and establishment of Myxobolus cerebralis in the Deschutes River Basin, Oregon, USA Author: Zielinski, Christopher A plan for the reestablishment of anadromous salmonid stocks into waters above the Pelton Round Butte Hydroelectric Project (PRB) located on the Deschutes River, Oregon has been under development since 1996. The PRB complex, starting at river kilometer (Rkm) 103, blocks the further upstream migration of anadromous salmonids into upper river basin waters. Part of the process for evaluating the passage plan was the development of a Fish Health Management Program. The program is, in part, designed to minimize and communicate the magnitude of risk associated with passing serious fish pathogens upstream of the PRB until evaluation of the fish passage effort confirms that the reestablishment of anadromous fish species can be successful. With the goal of minimizing the risk of passing serious fish pathogens along with evaluating the magnitude of risk, several potential pathogens of concern were identified. At the forefront of concern is the fish pathogen Myxobolus cerebralis which is responsible for whirling disease in salmonids. Annual, or at least periodic, introduction of M. cerebralis into the lower DRB has occurred since at least 1984 as a result of infected stray adult salmonids spawning and dying there. These are primarily hatchery summer steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss), and to a lesser extent spring Chinook salmon (O. tshawytscha), from the Snake River system. Because of its' potential to cause significant mortality, the risk associated with M. cerebralis establishment in the DRB needed to be addressed. The risk of the parasite being transmitted and established upstream of the PRB with the renewal of fish passage at the PRB, and the potential for M. cerebralis to affect survival of reintroduced anadromous fish species required investigation. To evaluate these potential risks, we conducted multi-year studies (1998-2007) that informed a risk-assessment model. Tailored specifically for M. cerebralis, this model was used to identify key characteristics that will influence pathways of M. cerebralis introduction, the potential for establishment, and the consequences of establishment. The three steps involved in the risk assessment model are the release, exposure and consequence assessments. Using this model we evaluated the probability of introduction and establishment of M. cerebralis in the lower Deschutes River Basin (DRB) as well as in waters above the PRB with future passage of anadromous fish. The current study gives evidence that M. cerebralis is established in the lower DRB. The current study also gives evidence not all areas of the DRB can be classified as having the same likelihood for establishment and the potential impact the parasite poses will not be identical from one location to another. It is clear, however, that M. cerebralis could become established above the PRB if infected fish carry the myxospore into these waters. Close

• 44. [Article] Assessment of chlorinated hydrocarbons and trace metal contamination of Moroccan marine species

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Assessment of chlorinated hydrocarbons and trace metal contamination of Moroccan marine species Author: El Hraiki, Abdelaziz Title: Assessment of chlorinated hydrocarbons and trace metal contamination of Moroccan marine species Author: El Hraiki, Abdelaziz Close

• 45. [Article] Building a Database on Best Management Practices for Pesticide Applications to Aquatic Environments and NOAA Trust Species

  Presented at The Oregon Water Conference, May 24-25, 2011, Corvallis, OR.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Building a Database on Best Management Practices for Pesticide Applications to Aquatic Environments and NOAA Trust Species Author: Gianou, Kelsey, Chan, Samuel, Emanuel, Robert Presented at The Oregon Water Conference, May 24-25, 2011, Corvallis, OR. Title: Building a Database on Best Management Practices for Pesticide Applications to Aquatic Environments and NOAA Trust Species Author: Gianou, Kelsey, Chan, Samuel, Emanuel, Robert Presented at The Oregon Water Conference, May 24-25, 2011, Corvallis, OR. Close

• 46. [Article] Growth and distributional correlates of behavior in three co-occurring juvenile flatfishes

  This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by Inter-Research and can be found at: http://www.int-res.com/journals/meps/meps-home/. To the best of our knowledge, one or more ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Growth and distributional correlates of behavior in three co-occurring juvenile flatfishes Author: Boersma, Kate S., Hurst, Thomas P., Ryer, Clifford H. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by Inter-Research and can be found at: http://www.int-res.com/journals/meps/meps-home/. To the best of our knowledge, one or more authors of this paper were federal employees when contributing to this work. Title: Growth and distributional correlates of behavior in three co-occurring juvenile flatfishes Author: Boersma, Kate S., Hurst, Thomas P., Ryer, Clifford H. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by Inter-Research and can be found at: http://www.int-res.com/journals/meps/meps-home/. To the best of our knowledge, one or more authors of this paper were federal employees when contributing to this work. Close

• 47. [Article] The Barents Sea red king crab invasion- risky business or good business?

  Abstract only

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The Barents Sea red king crab invasion- risky business or good business? Author: Falk-Petersen, Jannike Abstract only Title: The Barents Sea red king crab invasion- risky business or good business? Author: Falk-Petersen, Jannike Abstract only Close

• 48. [Article] Markets, Pooling and Insurance for Managing Incidental Catch In Fisheries

  Abstract only.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Markets, Pooling and Insurance for Managing Incidental Catch In Fisheries Author: Holland, Dan Abstract only. Title: Markets, Pooling and Insurance for Managing Incidental Catch In Fisheries Author: Holland, Dan Abstract only. Close

• 49. [Article] A survey of scale insects (Sternorryncha: Coccoidea) occurring on table grapes in South Africa

  Increasing international trade and tourism have led to an increase in the introduction of exotic pests that pose a considerable economic threat to the agro-ecosystems of importing countries. Scale insects ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: A survey of scale insects (Sternorryncha: Coccoidea) occurring on table grapes in South Africa Author: Krüger, Kerstin, Saccaggi, Davina L., Millar, Ian M., Walton, Vaughn M. Increasing international trade and tourism have led to an increase in the introduction of exotic pests that pose a considerable economic threat to the agro-ecosystems of importing countries. Scale insects (Sternorryncha: Coccoidea) may be contaminants of export consignments from the South African deciduous fruit industry to the European Union, Israel, United Kingdom and the United States, for example. Infestations of immature scale insects found on South African fruit destined for export have resulted in increasing rates of rejection of such consignments. To identify the risk posed by scale insect species listed as phytosanitary pests on table grapes to the abovementioned importing countries, a field survey was undertaken in 2004–2005 in vineyards throughout all grape-producing regions in South Africa. Coccoidea species found during the current field survey were Planococcus ficus (Signoret), Pseudococcus longispinus (Targioni Tozzetti), Coccus hesperidum L. and Nipaecoccus viridis (Newstead). With the exception of Pl. ficus, which has only been collected from Vitis vinifera (Vitaceae) and Ficus carica (Moraceae) in South Africa, these species are polyphagous and have a wide host range. None of the scale insect species found to occur in vineyards in South Africa pose a phytosanitary risk to countries where fruit are exported except for Ferrisia malvastra (McDaniel) and N. viridis that have not been recorded in the USA. All scale insects previously found in vineyards in South Africa are listed and their phytosanitary status discussed. The results of the survey show that the risk of exporting scale insect pests of phytosanitary importance on table grapes from South Africa is limited. Title: A survey of scale insects (Sternorryncha: Coccoidea) occurring on table grapes in South Africa Author: Krüger, Kerstin, Saccaggi, Davina L., Millar, Ian M., Walton, Vaughn M. Increasing international trade and tourism have led to an increase in the introduction of exotic pests that pose a considerable economic threat to the agro-ecosystems of importing countries. Scale insects (Sternorryncha: Coccoidea) may be contaminants of export consignments from the South African deciduous fruit industry to the European Union, Israel, United Kingdom and the United States, for example. Infestations of immature scale insects found on South African fruit destined for export have resulted in increasing rates of rejection of such consignments. To identify the risk posed by scale insect species listed as phytosanitary pests on table grapes to the abovementioned importing countries, a field survey was undertaken in 2004–2005 in vineyards throughout all grape-producing regions in South Africa. Coccoidea species found during the current field survey were Planococcus ficus (Signoret), Pseudococcus longispinus (Targioni Tozzetti), Coccus hesperidum L. and Nipaecoccus viridis (Newstead). With the exception of Pl. ficus, which has only been collected from Vitis vinifera (Vitaceae) and Ficus carica (Moraceae) in South Africa, these species are polyphagous and have a wide host range. None of the scale insect species found to occur in vineyards in South Africa pose a phytosanitary risk to countries where fruit are exported except for Ferrisia malvastra (McDaniel) and N. viridis that have not been recorded in the USA. All scale insects previously found in vineyards in South Africa are listed and their phytosanitary status discussed. The results of the survey show that the risk of exporting scale insect pests of phytosanitary importance on table grapes from South Africa is limited. Close

• 50. [Article] Long-Term Health Effects, Risk Perceptions, and Consumption Patterns for Aquacultured Seafood

  Presentation

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Long-Term Health Effects, Risk Perceptions, and Consumption Patterns for Aquacultured Seafood Author: Uchida, Hirotsugu, Johnston, Roberty, Roheim, Cathy Presentation Title: Long-Term Health Effects, Risk Perceptions, and Consumption Patterns for Aquacultured Seafood Author: Uchida, Hirotsugu, Johnston, Roberty, Roheim, Cathy Presentation Close