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• 31. [Article] Fate of ammonia volatilized from a confinement livestock facility

  A conceptual model was developed to further the understanding of the evolution and fate of volatilized ammonia in the atmosphere. Recent trends in livestock rearing have been toward confinement facilities ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Fate of ammonia volatilized from a confinement livestock facility Author: Hoffman, Eldon Randall A conceptual model was developed to further the understanding of the evolution and fate of volatilized ammonia in the atmosphere. Recent trends in livestock rearing have been toward confinement facilities in which high animal concentrations are maintained. One of the impacts of these facilities has been increased local concentrations of ammonia in the atmosphere-directly resulting from surface volatilization associated with the facility. The various components of the model serve as sinks for the atmospheric ammonia and subsequently, under the right conditions, will also emit ammonia. Depending upon the degree of influence which each component will display, atmospheric ammonia can become a serious pollutant. The most significant of these potential pollution situations is the eutrophication of surface waters resulting from the direct absorption of atmospheric ammonia. Ammonia evolution is also related to odor emission which is a major social concern relative to livestock production. A knowledge of the system described by the model and the interaction of the system components serve as the basis in developing a pollution management philosophy. The environmental impact of a livestock facility upon surface water bodies can be predicted by estimating the potential ammonia absorption rate, and the impact can be lessened by modifying the other system components. This approach takes advantage of nature's assimulative capacity. Title: Fate of ammonia volatilized from a confinement livestock facility Author: Hoffman, Eldon Randall A conceptual model was developed to further the understanding of the evolution and fate of volatilized ammonia in the atmosphere. Recent trends in livestock rearing have been toward confinement facilities in which high animal concentrations are maintained. One of the impacts of these facilities has been increased local concentrations of ammonia in the atmosphere-directly resulting from surface volatilization associated with the facility. The various components of the model serve as sinks for the atmospheric ammonia and subsequently, under the right conditions, will also emit ammonia. Depending upon the degree of influence which each component will display, atmospheric ammonia can become a serious pollutant. The most significant of these potential pollution situations is the eutrophication of surface waters resulting from the direct absorption of atmospheric ammonia. Ammonia evolution is also related to odor emission which is a major social concern relative to livestock production. A knowledge of the system described by the model and the interaction of the system components serve as the basis in developing a pollution management philosophy. The environmental impact of a livestock facility upon surface water bodies can be predicted by estimating the potential ammonia absorption rate, and the impact can be lessened by modifying the other system components. This approach takes advantage of nature's assimulative capacity. Close

• 32. [Article] Distribution of membrane lipids of planktonic Crenarchaeota in the Arabian Sea

  Intact core tetraether membrane lipids of marine planktonic Crenarchaeota were quantified in water column-suspended particulate matter obtained from four depth intervals (~70, 500, 1,000 and 1,500 m) at ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Distribution of membrane lipids of planktonic Crenarchaeota in the Arabian Sea Author: Wakeham, Stuart G., Hopmans, Ellen C., Sinninghe Damste, Jaap S., Rijpstra, W. Irene C., Prahl, Fredrick, Schouten, Stefan Intact core tetraether membrane lipids of marine planktonic Crenarchaeota were quantified in water column-suspended particulate matter obtained from four depth intervals (~70, 500, 1,000 and 1,500 m) at seven stations in the northwestern Arabian Sea to investigate the distribution of the organisms at various depths. Maximum concentrations generally occurred at 500 m, near the top of the oxygen minimum zone, and the concentrations at this depth were, in most cases, slightly higher than those in surface waters. In contrast, lipids derived from eukaryotes (cholesterol) and from eukaryotes and bacteria (fatty acids) were at their highest concentrations in surface waters. This indicates that these crenarchaeotes are not restricted to the photic zone of the ocean, which is consistent with the results of recent molecular biological studies. Since the Arabian Sea has a strong oxygen minimum zone between 100 and 1,000 m, with minimum oxygen levels of <1 μM, the abundance of crenarchaeotal membrane lipids at 500 m suggests that planktonic Crenarchaeota are probably facultative anaerobes. The cell numbers we calculated from the concentrations of membrane lipids are similar to those reported for the Central Pacific Ocean, supporting the recent estimation of M. B. Karner, E. F. DeLong, and D. M. Karl (Nature 409:507–510, 2001) that the world’s oceans contain ca. 10²⁸ cells of planktonic Crenarchaeota. Title: Distribution of membrane lipids of planktonic Crenarchaeota in the Arabian Sea Author: Wakeham, Stuart G., Hopmans, Ellen C., Sinninghe Damste, Jaap S., Rijpstra, W. Irene C., Prahl, Fredrick, Schouten, Stefan Intact core tetraether membrane lipids of marine planktonic Crenarchaeota were quantified in water column-suspended particulate matter obtained from four depth intervals (~70, 500, 1,000 and 1,500 m) at seven stations in the northwestern Arabian Sea to investigate the distribution of the organisms at various depths. Maximum concentrations generally occurred at 500 m, near the top of the oxygen minimum zone, and the concentrations at this depth were, in most cases, slightly higher than those in surface waters. In contrast, lipids derived from eukaryotes (cholesterol) and from eukaryotes and bacteria (fatty acids) were at their highest concentrations in surface waters. This indicates that these crenarchaeotes are not restricted to the photic zone of the ocean, which is consistent with the results of recent molecular biological studies. Since the Arabian Sea has a strong oxygen minimum zone between 100 and 1,000 m, with minimum oxygen levels of <1 μM, the abundance of crenarchaeotal membrane lipids at 500 m suggests that planktonic Crenarchaeota are probably facultative anaerobes. The cell numbers we calculated from the concentrations of membrane lipids are similar to those reported for the Central Pacific Ocean, supporting the recent estimation of M. B. Karner, E. F. DeLong, and D. M. Karl (Nature 409:507–510, 2001) that the world’s oceans contain ca. 10²⁸ cells of planktonic Crenarchaeota. Close

• 33. [Article] Particle size distributions in a region of coastal upwelling analyzed by characteristic vectors

  Particle size distributions (8-105-μm diameter), chlorophyll a, and particulate carbon were measured off the Oregon coast during July 1973. The particle counts were transformed to volume concentration ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Particle size distributions in a region of coastal upwelling analyzed by characteristic vectors Author: Kitchen, James C., Zaneveld, J. Ronald, Menzies, David, Pak, Hasong Particle size distributions (8-105-μm diameter), chlorophyll a, and particulate carbon were measured off the Oregon coast during July 1973. The particle counts were transformed to volume concentration and then subjected to characteristic vector analysis. Ninety-two percent of the variance was accounted for by linear combinations of the first two characteristic vectors. Two weighting factors define the proportions of the two characteristic vectors which will, when added to the mean volume concentration curve, approximate the actual data for each sample. Variations in the first weighting factor correspond well with variations in total volume. Changes in the second weighting factor indicate which segment of the size range contains the largest proportion of the particulate volume. Comparison with temperature and salinity data indicated that the near surface water with proportionately large volumes of particles less than 20 μm was warmer and less saline than the surface waters with large volumes between 20 and 50 μm. High correlation with particulate carbon and chlorophyll suggests that in both cases a large proportion of the particles is phytoplankton. Title: Particle size distributions in a region of coastal upwelling analyzed by characteristic vectors Author: Kitchen, James C., Zaneveld, J. Ronald, Menzies, David, Pak, Hasong Particle size distributions (8-105-μm diameter), chlorophyll a, and particulate carbon were measured off the Oregon coast during July 1973. The particle counts were transformed to volume concentration and then subjected to characteristic vector analysis. Ninety-two percent of the variance was accounted for by linear combinations of the first two characteristic vectors. Two weighting factors define the proportions of the two characteristic vectors which will, when added to the mean volume concentration curve, approximate the actual data for each sample. Variations in the first weighting factor correspond well with variations in total volume. Changes in the second weighting factor indicate which segment of the size range contains the largest proportion of the particulate volume. Comparison with temperature and salinity data indicated that the near surface water with proportionately large volumes of particles less than 20 μm was warmer and less saline than the surface waters with large volumes between 20 and 50 μm. High correlation with particulate carbon and chlorophyll suggests that in both cases a large proportion of the particles is phytoplankton. Close

• 34. [Article] Vegetative filter strips near surface water in the Pacific Northwest

  Published September 2004. Reviewed July 2008. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog/catalog

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Vegetative filter strips near surface water in the Pacific Northwest Author: Cole, C. (Charles M.), Lins, Ryan D., Colquhoun, Jed, Oregon State University. Extension Service Published September 2004. Reviewed July 2008. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog/catalog Title: Vegetative filter strips near surface water in the Pacific Northwest Author: Cole, C. (Charles M.), Lins, Ryan D., Colquhoun, Jed, Oregon State University. Extension Service Published September 2004. Reviewed July 2008. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog/catalog Close

• 35. [Article] A comparison of the prevalence of infectious gastrointestinal disease and the quality of individual, surface source water systems in Lincoln County, Oregon

  This study was a comparison of the prevalence of infectious gastrointestinal disease and the quality of construction of individual, surface source water systems in Lincoln County, Oregon. Two measurement ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: A comparison of the prevalence of infectious gastrointestinal disease and the quality of individual, surface source water systems in Lincoln County, Oregon Author: Nauman, Hal Eugene This study was a comparison of the prevalence of infectious gastrointestinal disease and the quality of construction of individual, surface source water systems in Lincoln County, Oregon. Two measurement instruments were developed for this study. An objective instrument was developed to determine if the water systems observed in the study were adequately or inadequately constructed. A second objective instrument was developed to determine if individuals interviewed in the study were ill with an infectious gastrointestinal disease. The Delphi Method was used to validate the two instruments, and was based on a concensus of opinions by a panel of experts regarding this subject matter. The sample population was identified through a systematic selection of dwellings using a Lincoln County Department of Engineers road map and a list of random numbers. Individuals were interviewed using the Surface Source Water System Gastrointestinal Disease Evaluation instrument to determine if they had an infectious gastrointestinal disease. The surface source water systems were evaluated using the Individual Surface Source Water System Evaluation Instrument to determine if they were adequately constructed. Subsequently, the individuals were categorized as being ill or not ill. The water systems were all categorized as being adequately or inadequately constructed. The chi square statistic was used to determine if there was a significant difference between the number of people with and without an infectious gastrointestinal disease using inadequately constructed individual, surface source water systems. Also, the chi square statistic was used to determine if there was a significant difference between the number of people with and without an infectious gastrointestinal disease using adequately constructed, individual, surface source water systems. The statistical analysis revealed that there were significantly more well people than ill people using both types of water systems at a significance level of 0.05. Because of a lack of clear differentiation in the data, the common public health concept that quality of construction of individual surface source water systems as a factor in the spread of infectious gastrointestinal diseases cannot be supported or refuted. A major recommendation was to repeat the study by examining the water directly using laboratory techniques. This would positively establish the presence or absence of a disease causing organism in the water system. A literature search by the author revealed that effective measurement instruments for evaluation of relationships of gastrointestinal diseases and well construction quality were not readily available. The instruments developed by the author may require further testing to yield more definitive data. Title: A comparison of the prevalence of infectious gastrointestinal disease and the quality of individual, surface source water systems in Lincoln County, Oregon Author: Nauman, Hal Eugene This study was a comparison of the prevalence of infectious gastrointestinal disease and the quality of construction of individual, surface source water systems in Lincoln County, Oregon. Two measurement instruments were developed for this study. An objective instrument was developed to determine if the water systems observed in the study were adequately or inadequately constructed. A second objective instrument was developed to determine if individuals interviewed in the study were ill with an infectious gastrointestinal disease. The Delphi Method was used to validate the two instruments, and was based on a concensus of opinions by a panel of experts regarding this subject matter. The sample population was identified through a systematic selection of dwellings using a Lincoln County Department of Engineers road map and a list of random numbers. Individuals were interviewed using the Surface Source Water System Gastrointestinal Disease Evaluation instrument to determine if they had an infectious gastrointestinal disease. The surface source water systems were evaluated using the Individual Surface Source Water System Evaluation Instrument to determine if they were adequately constructed. Subsequently, the individuals were categorized as being ill or not ill. The water systems were all categorized as being adequately or inadequately constructed. The chi square statistic was used to determine if there was a significant difference between the number of people with and without an infectious gastrointestinal disease using inadequately constructed individual, surface source water systems. Also, the chi square statistic was used to determine if there was a significant difference between the number of people with and without an infectious gastrointestinal disease using adequately constructed, individual, surface source water systems. The statistical analysis revealed that there were significantly more well people than ill people using both types of water systems at a significance level of 0.05. Because of a lack of clear differentiation in the data, the common public health concept that quality of construction of individual surface source water systems as a factor in the spread of infectious gastrointestinal diseases cannot be supported or refuted. A major recommendation was to repeat the study by examining the water directly using laboratory techniques. This would positively establish the presence or absence of a disease causing organism in the water system. A literature search by the author revealed that effective measurement instruments for evaluation of relationships of gastrointestinal diseases and well construction quality were not readily available. The instruments developed by the author may require further testing to yield more definitive data. Close

• 36. [Article] Sea surface water motion off Chile latitudes 18°S-40°S, revealed from satellite images of chlorophyll and temperature distribution

  The mesoscale sea-surface circulation pattern within 400 km off Chile and between 18°S and 40°S latitude is described using chlorophyll and temperature images from the Coastal Zone Color Scanner NIMBUS-7 ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Sea surface water motion off Chile latitudes 18°S-40°S, revealed from satellite images of chlorophyll and temperature distribution Author: Espinoza, Felix R. The mesoscale sea-surface circulation pattern within 400 km off Chile and between 18°S and 40°S latitude is described using chlorophyll and temperature images from the Coastal Zone Color Scanner NIMBUS-7 satellite. The data base is a set of four mosaics developed from band-3 (550 nm) images taken on June 4 and September 16, 1979 and January 14 and April 7, 1980, supplemented with one mosaic of sea-surface temperature distribution for the September mosaic, orbit 4526. Coastal eddies, upwelling zones and zones of onshore-offshore transport are clearly distinguished because a zone of low-pigment concentration water generally separates the highly pigmented near-shore upwelling zones from oceanic waters with pigment concentration in mid-range. The cause of the low-pigment water adjacent to upwelling zones is not known, but the absence of temperature differences between up-welled and low-pigmented water suggest a biological cause. Onshore jets of oceanic waters are traced from distances up to 300 km offshore to within, in places, a few tens of kilometers of the shoreline; width of the jets is of the order of 60 km. In general, these onshore jets are separated by plumes of near-shore surface water moving seaward, with plumes width on the order of 40 km also extending as far as 400 km offshore. Large eddies form off the leading edges of both onshore and offshore plumes, giving rise to a formation called a "hammerhead" structure. Onshore jets are consistent with the result of Inostroza (1972) which documents intrusions of warm oceanic surface waters as semi-stationary features off Coquimbo (30°S) and off Talcahuano (37°S). Lack of wind data for 1979-80 prevents a direct correlation of onshore-offshore plumes with regional wind stress data. Low level wind charts for the 1979-80 period are too coarse in resolution to yield correlations. However, stick diagrams were prepared from coastal wind station data for 1977. Both time and space variations in surface winds could be responsible for the patterns revealed in chlorophyll images. The existence of persistent but probably episodic onshore-offshore transport of surface waters to such large distances offshore have not been reported previously for Chilean waters. These must certainly impact directly the patterns of migrations of populations of major fishery resources such as the Jack Mackerel (Trachurus murphyi, common name Jurel, species. Title: Sea surface water motion off Chile latitudes 18°S-40°S, revealed from satellite images of chlorophyll and temperature distribution Author: Espinoza, Felix R. The mesoscale sea-surface circulation pattern within 400 km off Chile and between 18°S and 40°S latitude is described using chlorophyll and temperature images from the Coastal Zone Color Scanner NIMBUS-7 satellite. The data base is a set of four mosaics developed from band-3 (550 nm) images taken on June 4 and September 16, 1979 and January 14 and April 7, 1980, supplemented with one mosaic of sea-surface temperature distribution for the September mosaic, orbit 4526. Coastal eddies, upwelling zones and zones of onshore-offshore transport are clearly distinguished because a zone of low-pigment concentration water generally separates the highly pigmented near-shore upwelling zones from oceanic waters with pigment concentration in mid-range. The cause of the low-pigment water adjacent to upwelling zones is not known, but the absence of temperature differences between up-welled and low-pigmented water suggest a biological cause. Onshore jets of oceanic waters are traced from distances up to 300 km offshore to within, in places, a few tens of kilometers of the shoreline; width of the jets is of the order of 60 km. In general, these onshore jets are separated by plumes of near-shore surface water moving seaward, with plumes width on the order of 40 km also extending as far as 400 km offshore. Large eddies form off the leading edges of both onshore and offshore plumes, giving rise to a formation called a "hammerhead" structure. Onshore jets are consistent with the result of Inostroza (1972) which documents intrusions of warm oceanic surface waters as semi-stationary features off Coquimbo (30°S) and off Talcahuano (37°S). Lack of wind data for 1979-80 prevents a direct correlation of onshore-offshore plumes with regional wind stress data. Low level wind charts for the 1979-80 period are too coarse in resolution to yield correlations. However, stick diagrams were prepared from coastal wind station data for 1977. Both time and space variations in surface winds could be responsible for the patterns revealed in chlorophyll images. The existence of persistent but probably episodic onshore-offshore transport of surface waters to such large distances offshore have not been reported previously for Chilean waters. These must certainly impact directly the patterns of migrations of populations of major fishery resources such as the Jack Mackerel (Trachurus murphyi, common name Jurel, species. Close

• 37. [Article] Passive sampling devices as biological surrogates for evaluating seasonal bioavailability of hydrophobic organic contaminants in surface water

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Passive sampling devices as biological surrogates for evaluating seasonal bioavailability of hydrophobic organic contaminants in surface water Author: Sethajintanin, Doolalai Title: Passive sampling devices as biological surrogates for evaluating seasonal bioavailability of hydrophobic organic contaminants in surface water Author: Sethajintanin, Doolalai Close

• 38. [Article] ArikAidaD2011.pdf

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: ArikAidaD2011.pdf Author: Arik, Aida D. Title: ArikAidaD2011.pdf Author: Arik, Aida D. Close

• 39. [Article] Appendix C - Stream Temperature Model.zip

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Appendix C - Stream Temperature Model.zip Author: Arik, Aida D. Title: Appendix C - Stream Temperature Model.zip Author: Arik, Aida D. Close

• 40. [Article] Appendix B - Data Collected 1-June 2008.zip

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Appendix B - Data Collected 1-June 2008.zip Author: Arik, Aida D. Title: Appendix B - Data Collected 1-June 2008.zip Author: Arik, Aida D. Close