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• 381. [Article] Reconnaissance botany of alpine ecosystems on Prince of Wales Island, southeast Alaska

  A study of the Prince of Wales Island alpine areas was undertaken to determine what species occur in the region and to describe plant communities making up the alpine vegetation. For one month in 1972, ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Reconnaissance botany of alpine ecosystems on Prince of Wales Island, southeast Alaska Author: Jaques, Dennis Randall A study of the Prince of Wales Island alpine areas was undertaken to determine what species occur in the region and to describe plant communities making up the alpine vegetation. For one month in 1972, specimens were collected and 78 micro-plots were analyzed for cover, frequency and constancy data. Three basic habitat types were discovered, with different associations being recognized on calcareous and noncalcareous substrates. Alpine vegetation patterns are formed in a physiographically unstable area. However, where conditions remain favorable for a long enough period of time, a climatic climax of Empetrum-heath vegetation develops. Elsewhere topographic climax vegetation exists. The region is thought to have maintained a flora of significant proportions at least since early post-Pleistocene time. The presence of many disjunct species indicates that floral elements may have survived Pleistocene ice advances in various refugial sites. The west coast of Prince of Wales Island appears to have served as a small migration center following Pleistocene ice recession. Title: Reconnaissance botany of alpine ecosystems on Prince of Wales Island, southeast Alaska Author: Jaques, Dennis Randall A study of the Prince of Wales Island alpine areas was undertaken to determine what species occur in the region and to describe plant communities making up the alpine vegetation. For one month in 1972, specimens were collected and 78 micro-plots were analyzed for cover, frequency and constancy data. Three basic habitat types were discovered, with different associations being recognized on calcareous and noncalcareous substrates. Alpine vegetation patterns are formed in a physiographically unstable area. However, where conditions remain favorable for a long enough period of time, a climatic climax of Empetrum-heath vegetation develops. Elsewhere topographic climax vegetation exists. The region is thought to have maintained a flora of significant proportions at least since early post-Pleistocene time. The presence of many disjunct species indicates that floral elements may have survived Pleistocene ice advances in various refugial sites. The west coast of Prince of Wales Island appears to have served as a small migration center following Pleistocene ice recession. Close

• 382. [Article] The impacts of social change in natural resource management : a central Oregon regional study

  The sentiments expressed by Wells capture the fundamental nature of natural resource and land management in Deschutes, Jefferson, and Crook County, Oregon. Driven by the attraction and abundance of natural ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The impacts of social change in natural resource management : a central Oregon regional study Author: Sharp, Shalya B. The sentiments expressed by Wells capture the fundamental nature of natural resource and land management in Deschutes, Jefferson, and Crook County, Oregon. Driven by the attraction and abundance of natural and scenic amenities in central Oregon, increases in recreation, tourism, population, development and conflict, have contributed to the complexities of managing the landscape. A conceptual model was designed that describes the impacts of social change on the ability to manage recreation and land resources. Seventeen hypotheses are derived from this model, and they are explored using interview and secondary data. Findings show that population growth in Jefferson, Deschutes, and Crook County has increased during the last thirty years, but more substantially in the last decade. The communities within the study region are popular for tourism and recreation activity, resulting in amenity-related in-migration and development. Findings show how societal needs, demands, preferences and social changes often produce conflicting goals, creating substantial challenges for recreation and land managers. The results presented in this study suggest a holistic approach toward understanding the consequences of recreation, tourism, and quality of life promotion in communities that are often unprepared to handle rapid social change. Examining these issues from a multi-disciplinary context allows a comprehensive understanding of resource concerns that may help reduce environmental and social impacts. Title: The impacts of social change in natural resource management : a central Oregon regional study Author: Sharp, Shalya B. The sentiments expressed by Wells capture the fundamental nature of natural resource and land management in Deschutes, Jefferson, and Crook County, Oregon. Driven by the attraction and abundance of natural and scenic amenities in central Oregon, increases in recreation, tourism, population, development and conflict, have contributed to the complexities of managing the landscape. A conceptual model was designed that describes the impacts of social change on the ability to manage recreation and land resources. Seventeen hypotheses are derived from this model, and they are explored using interview and secondary data. Findings show that population growth in Jefferson, Deschutes, and Crook County has increased during the last thirty years, but more substantially in the last decade. The communities within the study region are popular for tourism and recreation activity, resulting in amenity-related in-migration and development. Findings show how societal needs, demands, preferences and social changes often produce conflicting goals, creating substantial challenges for recreation and land managers. The results presented in this study suggest a holistic approach toward understanding the consequences of recreation, tourism, and quality of life promotion in communities that are often unprepared to handle rapid social change. Examining these issues from a multi-disciplinary context allows a comprehensive understanding of resource concerns that may help reduce environmental and social impacts. Close

• 383. [Article] Climate Change, Aquaculture and Conflicts of Interests in Northern Norway: Research Results and Comparative Methodologies

  The farming of Atlantic salmon and other aquaculture ventures have been controversial in many areas.  It has apparently been most accepted in Norway, today’s largest producer of Atlantic salmon.  Current ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Climate Change, Aquaculture and Conflicts of Interests in Northern Norway: Research Results and Comparative Methodologies Author: Ellingsgaard, Kristian, Bailey, Jennifer, Eggereide, Sigrid Sandve The farming of Atlantic salmon and other aquaculture ventures have been controversial in many areas.  It has apparently been most accepted in Norway, today’s largest producer of Atlantic salmon.  Current research on climate, however, suggests that increasing water temperatures will lead to the migration of the industry from Southern and Mid Norway to Northern Norway, an area where skepticism to the industry is currently strongest.  The current government supports the expansion of aquaculture as the oil industry declines.  These factors suggest that disputes over the use of marine areas in northern Norway will become a factor that could affect the future expansion of the industry. This paper will use media mining techniques to uncover the primary conflicts of interest in the Norwegian county of Troms, with a particular focus on the fishing, aquaculture and tourism industries.  It will then compare the findings of this work with findings from previous studies, input to a recent round of hearings on the industry and workshops conducted as a part of the EU-funded project Ocean Certain, allowing for an evaluation of the use of media mining techniques as a data gathering technique. Do the various approaches (media mining, hearings, surveys and stakeholder workshops) provide commensurate understandings of the situation? Can the approaches complement each other by identifying/emphasizing different aspects of the conflicts?  Title: Climate Change, Aquaculture and Conflicts of Interests in Northern Norway: Research Results and Comparative Methodologies Author: Ellingsgaard, Kristian, Bailey, Jennifer, Eggereide, Sigrid Sandve The farming of Atlantic salmon and other aquaculture ventures have been controversial in many areas.  It has apparently been most accepted in Norway, today’s largest producer of Atlantic salmon.  Current research on climate, however, suggests that increasing water temperatures will lead to the migration of the industry from Southern and Mid Norway to Northern Norway, an area where skepticism to the industry is currently strongest.  The current government supports the expansion of aquaculture as the oil industry declines.  These factors suggest that disputes over the use of marine areas in northern Norway will become a factor that could affect the future expansion of the industry. This paper will use media mining techniques to uncover the primary conflicts of interest in the Norwegian county of Troms, with a particular focus on the fishing, aquaculture and tourism industries.  It will then compare the findings of this work with findings from previous studies, input to a recent round of hearings on the industry and workshops conducted as a part of the EU-funded project Ocean Certain, allowing for an evaluation of the use of media mining techniques as a data gathering technique. Do the various approaches (media mining, hearings, surveys and stakeholder workshops) provide commensurate understandings of the situation? Can the approaches complement each other by identifying/emphasizing different aspects of the conflicts?  Close

• 384. [Article] Clothing transitions : a study of Hmong dress and acculturation

  Hmong are immigrants from Southeast Asia who have been granted refugee status in the United States. Following the collapse of Laos in 1975, thousands of Hmong fled in fear of reprisal from the Pathet Lao ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Clothing transitions : a study of Hmong dress and acculturation Author: Roberts, Cynthia Hmong are immigrants from Southeast Asia who have been granted refugee status in the United States. Following the collapse of Laos in 1975, thousands of Hmong fled in fear of reprisal from the Pathet Lao for having aided the U.S. military effort there. Traditional cultural patterns have been in a state of flux as Hmong have been forced to migrate to an alien environment. This study was conducted to record changes in the clothing practices of Hmong immigrants, as well as changes in. other cultural practices that are indicative of ethnicity. Thirty-three Hmong residents of Oregon were interviewed to obtain information regarding clothing and ethnicity. The influence of ethnic identity on continued use of traditional costume was analyzed by means of a chi-square and Fisher's exact test. It was found that dress and ethnicity are interdependent; low ethnicity was associated with low use of traditional costume, high ethnicity was associated with high use of traditional costume. Title: Clothing transitions : a study of Hmong dress and acculturation Author: Roberts, Cynthia Hmong are immigrants from Southeast Asia who have been granted refugee status in the United States. Following the collapse of Laos in 1975, thousands of Hmong fled in fear of reprisal from the Pathet Lao for having aided the U.S. military effort there. Traditional cultural patterns have been in a state of flux as Hmong have been forced to migrate to an alien environment. This study was conducted to record changes in the clothing practices of Hmong immigrants, as well as changes in. other cultural practices that are indicative of ethnicity. Thirty-three Hmong residents of Oregon were interviewed to obtain information regarding clothing and ethnicity. The influence of ethnic identity on continued use of traditional costume was analyzed by means of a chi-square and Fisher's exact test. It was found that dress and ethnicity are interdependent; low ethnicity was associated with low use of traditional costume, high ethnicity was associated with high use of traditional costume. Close

• 385. [Article] Substrate capture by a psychrophilic marine bacterium

  Cells of the marine bacterium, Ant-300, accumulate loosely bound amino acids during amino acid uptake. The fraction of amino acid taken up that exists in the loosely bound state depends on the substrate ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Substrate capture by a psychrophilic marine bacterium Author: Geesey, G. G. Cells of the marine bacterium, Ant-300, accumulate loosely bound amino acids during amino acid uptake. The fraction of amino acid taken up that exists in the loosely bound state depends on the substrate in question. Shock treatment studies indicate that, in general, the initial binding, uptake, and retention of amino acids are sensitive to reduced osmolarity and salt concentration. Cellular components that bind the amino acids arginine and lysine are released from the cells during shock treatment. Charge interactions appear to be responsible for the reversible formation of the ligand-protein complex. It is proposed that these components, presumably proteins, mediate the capture of the amino acids arginine and lysine at the surface of the cell. Chemotaxis provides the cell the opportunity to migrate from areas of low arginine concentration to areas of high arginine concentration. Arginine transport into the cell is mediated by two high affinity components with kinetic constants of 1.2 x 10⁻⁸ and 4.5 x 10⁻⁷M. These mechanisms enable Ant-300 to scavenge nutrients in the marine environment, thereby assuring its own survival and promoting the regeneration of nutrients. Title: Substrate capture by a psychrophilic marine bacterium Author: Geesey, G. G. Cells of the marine bacterium, Ant-300, accumulate loosely bound amino acids during amino acid uptake. The fraction of amino acid taken up that exists in the loosely bound state depends on the substrate in question. Shock treatment studies indicate that, in general, the initial binding, uptake, and retention of amino acids are sensitive to reduced osmolarity and salt concentration. Cellular components that bind the amino acids arginine and lysine are released from the cells during shock treatment. Charge interactions appear to be responsible for the reversible formation of the ligand-protein complex. It is proposed that these components, presumably proteins, mediate the capture of the amino acids arginine and lysine at the surface of the cell. Chemotaxis provides the cell the opportunity to migrate from areas of low arginine concentration to areas of high arginine concentration. Arginine transport into the cell is mediated by two high affinity components with kinetic constants of 1.2 x 10⁻⁸ and 4.5 x 10⁻⁷M. These mechanisms enable Ant-300 to scavenge nutrients in the marine environment, thereby assuring its own survival and promoting the regeneration of nutrients. Close

• 386. [Article] Biology and population regulation of the strawberry root weevil, Otiorhynchus ovatus (L.) (Coleoptera:Curculionidae)

  The life history of the strawberry root weevil, Otiorhynchus ovatus (L.), on peppermint was studied in the Willamette Valley of Oregon to provide the information necessary to develop effective control ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Biology and population regulation of the strawberry root weevil, Otiorhynchus ovatus (L.) (Coleoptera:Curculionidae) Author: Emenegger, Donald Brian The life history of the strawberry root weevil, Otiorhynchus ovatus (L.), on peppermint was studied in the Willamette Valley of Oregon to provide the information necessary to develop effective control measures. Adult weevils emerged from the soil from late May until mid- June and were active in the field until late July. Active feeding by adults occurred between one and seven hours after sunset. No significant migration for the purpose of feeding or oviposition was observed and no adults were found to overwinter. Oviposition occurred from mid-June until September in the laboratory but ceased by late July in the field. Egg incubation periods averaged 13 days in the laboratory with fertility rates of 70 to 80 percent. Fertility declined substantially in the laboratory after late July. Larvae occurred in the peppermint root systems from early June until late May of the following year with pupation occurring from mid-April until the first of June. Carabid beetles, Omaseus melanarius, were found to be predaceous on adult strawberry root weevils but no other predators or parasites were discovered. Laboratory studies indicate that desiccation is a potential mortality factor acting on all immature stages. Title: Biology and population regulation of the strawberry root weevil, Otiorhynchus ovatus (L.) (Coleoptera:Curculionidae) Author: Emenegger, Donald Brian The life history of the strawberry root weevil, Otiorhynchus ovatus (L.), on peppermint was studied in the Willamette Valley of Oregon to provide the information necessary to develop effective control measures. Adult weevils emerged from the soil from late May until mid- June and were active in the field until late July. Active feeding by adults occurred between one and seven hours after sunset. No significant migration for the purpose of feeding or oviposition was observed and no adults were found to overwinter. Oviposition occurred from mid-June until September in the laboratory but ceased by late July in the field. Egg incubation periods averaged 13 days in the laboratory with fertility rates of 70 to 80 percent. Fertility declined substantially in the laboratory after late July. Larvae occurred in the peppermint root systems from early June until late May of the following year with pupation occurring from mid-April until the first of June. Carabid beetles, Omaseus melanarius, were found to be predaceous on adult strawberry root weevils but no other predators or parasites were discovered. Laboratory studies indicate that desiccation is a potential mortality factor acting on all immature stages. Close

• 387. [Article] The Indian diaspora : situating family building patterns in a migrant community

  The purpose of this study is to ethnographically examine traditionally prescribed notions of sons and daughters in an Indian diasporic community located on Devon Avenue in Chicago. Informed by the association ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The Indian diaspora : situating family building patterns in a migrant community Author: Satra, Rupal The purpose of this study is to ethnographically examine traditionally prescribed notions of sons and daughters in an Indian diasporic community located on Devon Avenue in Chicago. Informed by the association between "ideal" and "actual" family building patterns, this study situates reproductive behaviors and demographic outcomes in its local context examining preferences of family size, sex composition, and the persistence of son preference in this Indian migrant community. This study applies a mixed methods approach—quantitative and qualitative methods of data collection—in answering the following research questions: (1) What are the "desired" and "actual" family size and sex composition patterns among married Asian Indian couples? (2) Do migrant Asian Indian married couples express son preference—how and why? Study findings indicate that son preference continues to persist in this diasporic community revealing three overlapping themes related to the reorientation of kinship networks, the transnational nature of patriarchy, and the dynamic relationship between modernity and tradition. Title: The Indian diaspora : situating family building patterns in a migrant community Author: Satra, Rupal The purpose of this study is to ethnographically examine traditionally prescribed notions of sons and daughters in an Indian diasporic community located on Devon Avenue in Chicago. Informed by the association between "ideal" and "actual" family building patterns, this study situates reproductive behaviors and demographic outcomes in its local context examining preferences of family size, sex composition, and the persistence of son preference in this Indian migrant community. This study applies a mixed methods approach—quantitative and qualitative methods of data collection—in answering the following research questions: (1) What are the "desired" and "actual" family size and sex composition patterns among married Asian Indian couples? (2) Do migrant Asian Indian married couples express son preference—how and why? Study findings indicate that son preference continues to persist in this diasporic community revealing three overlapping themes related to the reorientation of kinship networks, the transnational nature of patriarchy, and the dynamic relationship between modernity and tradition. Close

• 388. [Article] Interaction between hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.) shoot development and big bud mite (Phytoptus avellanae Nal. and Cecidophyopsis vermiformis Nal.)

  The influence of environmental and genetic variation in plant morphology and development on eriophyoid bud mite (Phytoptus avellanae Nal. and Cecidophyopsis vermiformis Nal.) behavior, survival and colonization ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Interaction between hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.) shoot development and big bud mite (Phytoptus avellanae Nal. and Cecidophyopsis vermiformis Nal.) Author: Burgess, Jean E. The influence of environmental and genetic variation in plant morphology and development on eriophyoid bud mite (Phytoptus avellanae Nal. and Cecidophyopsis vermiformis Nal.) behavior, survival and colonization on Corylus avellana L. was studied. The distribution pattern of galled buds was consistent with the observation that mites colonize only those buds which form during the mite migration period. Our research suggested that the point of entry was the growing shoot tip, and that mites are carried passively as the shoot elongates and gain access to a succession of newly formed, unprotected primordial buds. Mites which penetrate to the apical meristem can cause leaf and shoot distortions. The relative accessibility of the apical meristem and bud primordia may affect the degree of susceptibility of the host plant. Experiments were conducted and observations made to study mite-plant interactions relevant to host plant resistance. Title: Interaction between hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.) shoot development and big bud mite (Phytoptus avellanae Nal. and Cecidophyopsis vermiformis Nal.) Author: Burgess, Jean E. The influence of environmental and genetic variation in plant morphology and development on eriophyoid bud mite (Phytoptus avellanae Nal. and Cecidophyopsis vermiformis Nal.) behavior, survival and colonization on Corylus avellana L. was studied. The distribution pattern of galled buds was consistent with the observation that mites colonize only those buds which form during the mite migration period. Our research suggested that the point of entry was the growing shoot tip, and that mites are carried passively as the shoot elongates and gain access to a succession of newly formed, unprotected primordial buds. Mites which penetrate to the apical meristem can cause leaf and shoot distortions. The relative accessibility of the apical meristem and bud primordia may affect the degree of susceptibility of the host plant. Experiments were conducted and observations made to study mite-plant interactions relevant to host plant resistance. Close

• 389. [Article] Optimization of machine allocation in RingLeader

  Many different types of distributed batch scheduling systems have been developed in the last decade to take advantage of the decentralization of computers and the enormous investments that many companies ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Optimization of machine allocation in RingLeader Author: King, Jonathan B. Many different types of distributed batch scheduling systems have been developed in the last decade to take advantage of the decentralization of computers and the enormous investments that many companies and educational institutions have in desktop workstations. Based on the premise that the majority of desktop workstations are significantly underutilized, distributed batch systems allow users to submit and run jobs when these workstations are available. While simpler systems determine machine availability by time of day (e.g., 5:00 p.m. to 8:00 a.m.), more sophisticated systems determine availability dynamically, migrating tasks when the availability changes. Ring Leader is a distributed batch system currently under development at Hewlett Packard. Since meeting the objectives of a distributed system rely on the intelligent use of idle workstations, good resource determination and efficient utilization decisions are a high priority for such a system. System performance will depend heavily on the process of deciding where jobs should be run. This thesis explains the development of Ring Leader's history based resource utilization scheme, and compares its performance to more simplistic algorithms. Title: Optimization of machine allocation in RingLeader Author: King, Jonathan B. Many different types of distributed batch scheduling systems have been developed in the last decade to take advantage of the decentralization of computers and the enormous investments that many companies and educational institutions have in desktop workstations. Based on the premise that the majority of desktop workstations are significantly underutilized, distributed batch systems allow users to submit and run jobs when these workstations are available. While simpler systems determine machine availability by time of day (e.g., 5:00 p.m. to 8:00 a.m.), more sophisticated systems determine availability dynamically, migrating tasks when the availability changes. Ring Leader is a distributed batch system currently under development at Hewlett Packard. Since meeting the objectives of a distributed system rely on the intelligent use of idle workstations, good resource determination and efficient utilization decisions are a high priority for such a system. System performance will depend heavily on the process of deciding where jobs should be run. This thesis explains the development of Ring Leader's history based resource utilization scheme, and compares its performance to more simplistic algorithms. Close

• 390. [Article] Albacore oceanography off Oregon : 1970

  During July 1970, albacore boats trolling surface jigs (jig boats) had record catches in an area off the mouth of the Columbia River. The jig fishery declined suddenly in late July and was poor throughout ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Albacore oceanography off Oregon : 1970 Author: Pearcy, William G. During July 1970, albacore boats trolling surface jigs (jig boats) had record catches in an area off the mouth of the Columbia River. The jig fishery declined suddenly in late July and was poor throughout the remainder of the summer. No obvious oceanographic changes were correlated with these drastic changes in fishing success. Favorable water temperatures extended through August, traditionally the month of highest albacore landings in Oregon. Bait boats, which chum with live bait, had good fishing off Oregon from mid-August to October, indicating that the poor success of jig boats during this time was caused by the behavior of albacore relative to surface-trolled fishing gear. It is postulated that albacore descended into subsurface water in response to a change in availability of their preferred prey, the saury; here they were less accessible to jig boats than bait boats. Saury were common in the stomachs of albacore during periods of good jig fishing and were usually the dominant food where high albacore catches were made by our research vessel. The first albacore catches of the season were probably from an area of warm temperature and low salinity representing Columbia River plume water. The subsequent migration to the north appeared to be along the oceanic edge of the plume. In general, high catches by boats were not within the core of the plume but in 15.5°C water, especially in areas where a horizontal thermal gradient was apparent. Title: Albacore oceanography off Oregon : 1970 Author: Pearcy, William G. During July 1970, albacore boats trolling surface jigs (jig boats) had record catches in an area off the mouth of the Columbia River. The jig fishery declined suddenly in late July and was poor throughout the remainder of the summer. No obvious oceanographic changes were correlated with these drastic changes in fishing success. Favorable water temperatures extended through August, traditionally the month of highest albacore landings in Oregon. Bait boats, which chum with live bait, had good fishing off Oregon from mid-August to October, indicating that the poor success of jig boats during this time was caused by the behavior of albacore relative to surface-trolled fishing gear. It is postulated that albacore descended into subsurface water in response to a change in availability of their preferred prey, the saury; here they were less accessible to jig boats than bait boats. Saury were common in the stomachs of albacore during periods of good jig fishing and were usually the dominant food where high albacore catches were made by our research vessel. The first albacore catches of the season were probably from an area of warm temperature and low salinity representing Columbia River plume water. The subsequent migration to the north appeared to be along the oceanic edge of the plume. In general, high catches by boats were not within the core of the plume but in 15.5°C water, especially in areas where a horizontal thermal gradient was apparent. Close