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• 21. [Article] We all live downstream

  Published 1996. Declared out of print June 2009. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extens...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: We all live downstream Author: Ragozzino, Ed, Oregon State University. Extension Service, Dodrill, Steve Published 1996. Declared out of print June 2009. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog Title: We all live downstream Author: Ragozzino, Ed, Oregon State University. Extension Service, Dodrill, Steve Published 1996. Declared out of print June 2009. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog Close

• 22. [Article] Land use and nonpoint source phosphorus pollution in the Dairy-McKay hydrologic unit area of the Tualatin River Basin, Oregon

  Human activities may contribute to the eutrophication of surface waters by providing nutrients to aquatic ecosystems. Phosphorus is frequently identified as a nutrient that is limiting to most aquatic ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Land use and nonpoint source phosphorus pollution in the Dairy-McKay hydrologic unit area of the Tualatin River Basin, Oregon Author: Wolf, Donald W. Human activities may contribute to the eutrophication of surface waters by providing nutrients to aquatic ecosystems. Phosphorus is frequently identified as a nutrient that is limiting to most aquatic ecosystems under natural conditions. Sources of phosphorus contributing to eutrophic conditions often include nonpoint sources that are dispersed across the landscape. In the Tualatin Basin of Oregon, nonpoint sources have been identified as contributing to phosphorus levels in the Tualatin River that exceed limits established in water quality regulations. The first section of this paper provides a review of relevant literature to explore connections between land use and the sources and transport of nonpoint source phosphorus into the Tualatin Basin. Additionally, where these connections exist, methods to alter existing land use practices to reduce phosphorus contributions are identified. The second section of this paper reviews and analyzes existing data gathered by agencies in the Tualatin Basin to look for evidence of connections between land use and the sources and transport of nonpoint source phosphorus. As one of the most obvious and influential connections, sediment-carried particulate phosphorus is examined both for its influence to the total phosphorus content of streams, and for evidence that it may become more influential as it is transported downstream. Data sets are also examined for seasonal effects and for interactions between phosphorus and other sampled water quality parameters. The third section is an examination and discussion of relevant social issues connected to nonpoint source phosphorus issues in the realization that any solution must be not only technically achievable, but also acceptable to society. Two surveys that attempt to describe the concerns of citizens, one for the general public and one for landowners, are reported. In addition, the problems of establishing regulatory control for a problem whose limits are still undefined is discussed. A philosophy of managementadaptive managementis discussed, and a program for controlling nonpoint source phosphorus in the Tualatin Basin that incorporate adaptive management principles is proposed. Finally, the issues surrounding which segments of society are responsible for paying for control are discussed. Title: Land use and nonpoint source phosphorus pollution in the Dairy-McKay hydrologic unit area of the Tualatin River Basin, Oregon Author: Wolf, Donald W. Human activities may contribute to the eutrophication of surface waters by providing nutrients to aquatic ecosystems. Phosphorus is frequently identified as a nutrient that is limiting to most aquatic ecosystems under natural conditions. Sources of phosphorus contributing to eutrophic conditions often include nonpoint sources that are dispersed across the landscape. In the Tualatin Basin of Oregon, nonpoint sources have been identified as contributing to phosphorus levels in the Tualatin River that exceed limits established in water quality regulations. The first section of this paper provides a review of relevant literature to explore connections between land use and the sources and transport of nonpoint source phosphorus into the Tualatin Basin. Additionally, where these connections exist, methods to alter existing land use practices to reduce phosphorus contributions are identified. The second section of this paper reviews and analyzes existing data gathered by agencies in the Tualatin Basin to look for evidence of connections between land use and the sources and transport of nonpoint source phosphorus. As one of the most obvious and influential connections, sediment-carried particulate phosphorus is examined both for its influence to the total phosphorus content of streams, and for evidence that it may become more influential as it is transported downstream. Data sets are also examined for seasonal effects and for interactions between phosphorus and other sampled water quality parameters. The third section is an examination and discussion of relevant social issues connected to nonpoint source phosphorus issues in the realization that any solution must be not only technically achievable, but also acceptable to society. Two surveys that attempt to describe the concerns of citizens, one for the general public and one for landowners, are reported. In addition, the problems of establishing regulatory control for a problem whose limits are still undefined is discussed. A philosophy of managementadaptive managementis discussed, and a program for controlling nonpoint source phosphorus in the Tualatin Basin that incorporate adaptive management principles is proposed. Finally, the issues surrounding which segments of society are responsible for paying for control are discussed. Close

• 23. [Article] Projecting farm income effects of sewage sludge utilization in the Tualatin Basin of Oregon

  Published December 1977. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/cata...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Projecting farm income effects of sewage sludge utilization in the Tualatin Basin of Oregon Author: Schotzko, Ralph T., Oregon State University. Agricultural Experiment Station Published December 1977. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog Title: Projecting farm income effects of sewage sludge utilization in the Tualatin Basin of Oregon Author: Schotzko, Ralph T., Oregon State University. Agricultural Experiment Station Published December 1977. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog Close

• 24. [Article] Implementing best management practices in small commercial and non-commercial animal enterprises

  Small commercial and non-commercial animal enterprises (SCAEs) raise a few beef cows, horses, pigs, sheep, poultry, and other animals on a few acres. These enterprises are often located in suburban areas ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Implementing best management practices in small commercial and non-commercial animal enterprises Author: Godwin, Derek C. Small commercial and non-commercial animal enterprises (SCAEs) raise a few beef cows, horses, pigs, sheep, poultry, and other animals on a few acres. These enterprises are often located in suburban areas of watersheds and show potential for degrading water quality through to increased bacterial, nitrogen, and phosphorus concentrations. SCAEs implement Best Management Practices (BNIPs) on a voluntary basis to control their water quality impacts. Off-stream watering areas, with animal access to streams, and covered manure storages are two BMPs which were analyzed in this thesis for effectiveness in reducing bacteria, nitrogen, and phosphorus from entering surface and groundwater in four SCAEs. The four cooperating SCAEs were located in the Tualatin River Basin, and the potential water quality improvements from implementing these two practices in all SCAEs in the basin were discussed. The BMP analyses use results from several studies. Two of these studies analyzed off-stream watering areas for reducing time animals spend watering at the stream. This time was measured and used to estimate the manure defecated in the stream. Reducing time animals spend at the stream decreases direct defecations in the stream and reduces water quality impacts of SCAEs. A third study analyzed a pasture pump as a possible off-stream watering device. It was analyzed for its ability to provide water to 27 Holstein dairy heifers without limiting water consumption. Daily water consumption from the pasture pump was not significantly different than daily consumption from an open water trough. A fourth study predicted the rainfall required to produce runoff from pastured areas in the Dairy-McKay Hydrological Unit Area within the Tualatin River Basin. These required rainfall amounts and runoff frequency were predicted for summer and winter soil conditions. The BMPs were analyzed for a variety of wet and dry conditions during the summer and winter. Off-stream watering areas were most effective in reducing water quality impacts of SCAEs for dry conditions during the summer and winter, while the covered manure storages were most effective during winter days of continuous rain. Off-stream watering areas reduced the time animals spent at the stream by 75%. Consequently, defecations at the stream were assumed to be reduced 75% and the SCAEs'water quality impacts decreased. Covered manure storages protect manure piles from rain and surface water runoff and prevent bacteria and nutrients from entering the stream or leaching to groundwater regardless of the weather. However, the amount prevented varies with weather conditions. An uncovered manure pile was estimated to cause no water quality impacts during dry weather. During wet weather, the bacteria and nutrients reaching the stream from an uncovered manure pile was estimated to be 60% of the quantity released. The maximum amount of nitrogen leaching to groundwater was estimated to be 10% of the amount applied to the pile since the previous rain. In addition to implementation costs of BMPs, there are changes in annual revenue and costs associated with the management changes. Partial budget analyses were conducted for the four SCAEs to determine their changes in annual monetary returns to management. Both BMPs resulted in negative changes in annual returns to management for all four enterprises. Title: Implementing best management practices in small commercial and non-commercial animal enterprises Author: Godwin, Derek C. Small commercial and non-commercial animal enterprises (SCAEs) raise a few beef cows, horses, pigs, sheep, poultry, and other animals on a few acres. These enterprises are often located in suburban areas of watersheds and show potential for degrading water quality through to increased bacterial, nitrogen, and phosphorus concentrations. SCAEs implement Best Management Practices (BNIPs) on a voluntary basis to control their water quality impacts. Off-stream watering areas, with animal access to streams, and covered manure storages are two BMPs which were analyzed in this thesis for effectiveness in reducing bacteria, nitrogen, and phosphorus from entering surface and groundwater in four SCAEs. The four cooperating SCAEs were located in the Tualatin River Basin, and the potential water quality improvements from implementing these two practices in all SCAEs in the basin were discussed. The BMP analyses use results from several studies. Two of these studies analyzed off-stream watering areas for reducing time animals spend watering at the stream. This time was measured and used to estimate the manure defecated in the stream. Reducing time animals spend at the stream decreases direct defecations in the stream and reduces water quality impacts of SCAEs. A third study analyzed a pasture pump as a possible off-stream watering device. It was analyzed for its ability to provide water to 27 Holstein dairy heifers without limiting water consumption. Daily water consumption from the pasture pump was not significantly different than daily consumption from an open water trough. A fourth study predicted the rainfall required to produce runoff from pastured areas in the Dairy-McKay Hydrological Unit Area within the Tualatin River Basin. These required rainfall amounts and runoff frequency were predicted for summer and winter soil conditions. The BMPs were analyzed for a variety of wet and dry conditions during the summer and winter. Off-stream watering areas were most effective in reducing water quality impacts of SCAEs for dry conditions during the summer and winter, while the covered manure storages were most effective during winter days of continuous rain. Off-stream watering areas reduced the time animals spent at the stream by 75%. Consequently, defecations at the stream were assumed to be reduced 75% and the SCAEs'water quality impacts decreased. Covered manure storages protect manure piles from rain and surface water runoff and prevent bacteria and nutrients from entering the stream or leaching to groundwater regardless of the weather. However, the amount prevented varies with weather conditions. An uncovered manure pile was estimated to cause no water quality impacts during dry weather. During wet weather, the bacteria and nutrients reaching the stream from an uncovered manure pile was estimated to be 60% of the quantity released. The maximum amount of nitrogen leaching to groundwater was estimated to be 10% of the amount applied to the pile since the previous rain. In addition to implementation costs of BMPs, there are changes in annual revenue and costs associated with the management changes. Partial budget analyses were conducted for the four SCAEs to determine their changes in annual monetary returns to management. Both BMPs resulted in negative changes in annual returns to management for all four enterprises. Close

• 25. [Article] Municipal Water Impacts on Steelhead Trout in the Gales Creek Watershed

  Graduation date: 2016

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Municipal Water Impacts on Steelhead Trout in the Gales Creek Watershed Author: Smith, Haley B. Graduation date: 2016 Title: Municipal Water Impacts on Steelhead Trout in the Gales Creek Watershed Author: Smith, Haley B. Graduation date: 2016 Close

• 26. [Article] Data analysis: water quality of Dairy Creek and major tributaries

  Dairy Creek, located in Washington County, Oregon, has a drainage area of approximately 230 square miles, and includes West Fork, East Fork, and McKay Creek drainages. Dairy Creek is a major tributary ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Data analysis: water quality of Dairy Creek and major tributaries Author: Oregon State University. Water Resources Research Institute, Miner, J. Ronald, Scott, Eric F. Dairy Creek, located in Washington County, Oregon, has a drainage area of approximately 230 square miles, and includes West Fork, East Fork, and McKay Creek drainages. Dairy Creek is a major tributary of the Tualatin River which experiences algal problems during the late summer when stream flows decrease and water temperatures increase. The upper reaches of Dairy Creek are forested land, while the lower reaches are devoted to intensively irrigated agricultural production. It has been proposed that excessive algae blooms are associated with elevated nutrient concentrations during summer low-flow conditions. The objective of this project was to evaluate nutrient loading to the Tualatin River from the Dairy Creek watershed. Water quality parameters were selected to examine relationships between precipitation, flow, solids and nutrient constituents. The following conclusions were reached: 1. Surface runoff and erosion processes did not appear to occur and hence had little impact on water quality during the months of July through October during 1990 and 1991. 2. Groundwater moving to the stream appears to drive flow and have significant influence on water quality during summer low-flow conditions. 3. Nutrient concentrations are greatest during the summer. This may be a consequence of increased solubility and greater contact time between soils and groundwater moving toward the creek. A second alternative is the winter time sediment deposition. 4. Most of the nutrient and solids loading occurs during the winter and early spring at times of highest stream flows. Title: Data analysis: water quality of Dairy Creek and major tributaries Author: Oregon State University. Water Resources Research Institute, Miner, J. Ronald, Scott, Eric F. Dairy Creek, located in Washington County, Oregon, has a drainage area of approximately 230 square miles, and includes West Fork, East Fork, and McKay Creek drainages. Dairy Creek is a major tributary of the Tualatin River which experiences algal problems during the late summer when stream flows decrease and water temperatures increase. The upper reaches of Dairy Creek are forested land, while the lower reaches are devoted to intensively irrigated agricultural production. It has been proposed that excessive algae blooms are associated with elevated nutrient concentrations during summer low-flow conditions. The objective of this project was to evaluate nutrient loading to the Tualatin River from the Dairy Creek watershed. Water quality parameters were selected to examine relationships between precipitation, flow, solids and nutrient constituents. The following conclusions were reached: 1. Surface runoff and erosion processes did not appear to occur and hence had little impact on water quality during the months of July through October during 1990 and 1991. 2. Groundwater moving to the stream appears to drive flow and have significant influence on water quality during summer low-flow conditions. 3. Nutrient concentrations are greatest during the summer. This may be a consequence of increased solubility and greater contact time between soils and groundwater moving toward the creek. A second alternative is the winter time sediment deposition. 4. Most of the nutrient and solids loading occurs during the winter and early spring at times of highest stream flows. Close

• 27. [Article] Water quality modeling of the Tualatin River

  Water quality problems related to excessive algal growth, high nutrient loading, and low flows have been occurring along Oregon's Tualatin River. The Tualatin River is 86 miles long and has a drainage ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Water quality modeling of the Tualatin River Author: Berger, Christopher J. (Christopher John) Water quality problems related to excessive algal growth, high nutrient loading, and low flows have been occurring along Oregon's Tualatin River. The Tualatin River is 86 miles long and has a drainage basin of 711 square miles. The drainage basin incorporates forest, agricultural, and urban areas. Located in the Portland metropolitan area, these problems have been acerbated by the effects of urban growth. To help analyze pollution control alternatives, a river model study, funded by the Oregon Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ), was undertaken. An in-stream model of hydraulics and water quality was developed. The Corps of Engineer's CE-QUAL-W2 model, a twodimensional, laterally averaged, dynamic model of hydrodynamics and water quality was applied to the Tualatin system. Calibration of the main pool model of the Tualatin River was from field data taken during June through August of 1991. Verification of the model was performed from field data taken during the summer of 1990. After calibration and verification of the model, management alternatives were evaluated in order to achieve DEQ mandated water quality standards. Environmental performance criteria were determined to evaluate differences between model scenarios. Management alternatives focused on the reduction of point and non-point sources of pollution, flow augmentation, and structural changes in the river system, such as removal of the Lake Oswego Diversion Dam. Title: Water quality modeling of the Tualatin River Author: Berger, Christopher J. (Christopher John) Water quality problems related to excessive algal growth, high nutrient loading, and low flows have been occurring along Oregon's Tualatin River. The Tualatin River is 86 miles long and has a drainage basin of 711 square miles. The drainage basin incorporates forest, agricultural, and urban areas. Located in the Portland metropolitan area, these problems have been acerbated by the effects of urban growth. To help analyze pollution control alternatives, a river model study, funded by the Oregon Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ), was undertaken. An in-stream model of hydraulics and water quality was developed. The Corps of Engineer's CE-QUAL-W2 model, a twodimensional, laterally averaged, dynamic model of hydrodynamics and water quality was applied to the Tualatin system. Calibration of the main pool model of the Tualatin River was from field data taken during June through August of 1991. Verification of the model was performed from field data taken during the summer of 1990. After calibration and verification of the model, management alternatives were evaluated in order to achieve DEQ mandated water quality standards. Environmental performance criteria were determined to evaluate differences between model scenarios. Management alternatives focused on the reduction of point and non-point sources of pollution, flow augmentation, and structural changes in the river system, such as removal of the Lake Oswego Diversion Dam. Close

• 28. [Article] Climate Change and Shifts in Water Related Ecosystem Services in the Tualatin and Yamhill River Basins

  Presented at The Oregon Water Conference, May 24-25, 2011, Corvallis, OR.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Climate Change and Shifts in Water Related Ecosystem Services in the Tualatin and Yamhill River Basins Author: Chang, Heejun, Sharma, Manu, Ennaanay, Driss, Anthony, Terrance Year: 2011 Presented at The Oregon Water Conference, May 24-25, 2011, Corvallis, OR. Title: Climate Change and Shifts in Water Related Ecosystem Services in the Tualatin and Yamhill River Basins Author: Chang, Heejun, Sharma, Manu, Ennaanay, Driss, Anthony, Terrance Year: 2011 Presented at The Oregon Water Conference, May 24-25, 2011, Corvallis, OR. Close

• 29. [Article] Calibration and verification of HSPF model for Tualatin River Basin Water Quality

  The Tualatin River Basin is located in the Washington County, Oregon. The river was detected having high chlorophyll a concentration and low dissolved oxygen concentration during summer time, which violated ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Calibration and verification of HSPF model for Tualatin River Basin Water Quality Author: Tang, Fei The Tualatin River Basin is located in the Washington County, Oregon. The river was detected having high chlorophyll a concentration and low dissolved oxygen concentration during summer time, which violated DEQ water quality standards. A mathematical model (HSPF) was used to simulate physical, chemical and biological processes in the basin and to evaluate the effect of the 'best management practice' (BMP) strategy on improving water quality of the basin. Calibration of the model was focused on water temperature, total suspended solids, dissolved oxygen, dissolved ammonia, dissolved nitrate, dissolved phosphate, and chlorophyll a. Comparison against observed data (1990) showed that the model predictions were accurate for most of the constituents. After verification, the model was used to evaluate the strategy of the Best Management Practice (BMP) on the agricultural land at Gales Creek basin, a major sub-basin of the study area. The results showed that the effect of BMP on nutrients loading from land segment is not significant at Gales Creek. Title: Calibration and verification of HSPF model for Tualatin River Basin Water Quality Author: Tang, Fei The Tualatin River Basin is located in the Washington County, Oregon. The river was detected having high chlorophyll a concentration and low dissolved oxygen concentration during summer time, which violated DEQ water quality standards. A mathematical model (HSPF) was used to simulate physical, chemical and biological processes in the basin and to evaluate the effect of the 'best management practice' (BMP) strategy on improving water quality of the basin. Calibration of the model was focused on water temperature, total suspended solids, dissolved oxygen, dissolved ammonia, dissolved nitrate, dissolved phosphate, and chlorophyll a. Comparison against observed data (1990) showed that the model predictions were accurate for most of the constituents. After verification, the model was used to evaluate the strategy of the Best Management Practice (BMP) on the agricultural land at Gales Creek basin, a major sub-basin of the study area. The results showed that the effect of BMP on nutrients loading from land segment is not significant at Gales Creek. Close

• 30. [Article] The farm wood lot in the hardwood district of Minnesota and in the Tualatin Valley of Oregon

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The farm wood lot in the hardwood district of Minnesota and in the Tualatin Valley of Oregon Author: Johnson, Earl L. Title: The farm wood lot in the hardwood district of Minnesota and in the Tualatin Valley of Oregon Author: Johnson, Earl L. Close