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• 21. [Article] Ice Sheet Sources of Sea Level Rise and Freshwater Discharge During the Last Deglaciation

  This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by American Geophysical Union and can be found at: http://www.agu.org/journals/rg/.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Ice Sheet Sources of Sea Level Rise and Freshwater Discharge During the Last Deglaciation Author: Carlson, Anders E., Clark, Peter U. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by American Geophysical Union and can be found at: http://www.agu.org/journals/rg/. Title: Ice Sheet Sources of Sea Level Rise and Freshwater Discharge During the Last Deglaciation Author: Carlson, Anders E., Clark, Peter U. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by American Geophysical Union and can be found at: http://www.agu.org/journals/rg/. Close

• 22. [Article] Rapid Holocene Deglaciation of the Labrador Sector of the Laurentide Ice Sheet

  Retreat of the Laurentide Ice Sheet (LIS) following the Last Glacial Maximum 21 000 yr BP affected regional to global climate and accounted for the largest proportion of sea level rise. Although the late ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Rapid Holocene Deglaciation of the Labrador Sector of the Laurentide Ice Sheet Author: Brook, Edward J., Raisbeck, Grant M., Carlson, Anders E., Clark, Peter U. Retreat of the Laurentide Ice Sheet (LIS) following the Last Glacial Maximum 21 000 yr BP affected regional to global climate and accounted for the largest proportion of sea level rise. Although the late Pleistocene LIS retreat chronology is relatively well constrained, its Holocene chronology remains poorly dated, limiting our understanding of its role in Holocene climate change and sea level rise. Here new ¹⁰Be cosmogenic exposure ages on glacially deposited boulders are used to date the final disappearance of the Labrador sector of the LIS (LS-LIS). These data suggest that following the deglaciation of the southeastern Hudson Bay coastline at 8.0 ± 0.2 cal ka BP, the southwestern margin of the LS-LIS rapidly retreated ~600 km in 140 yr and most likely in ~600 yr at a rate of ~900 m yr⁻¹, with final deglaciation by 6.8 ± 0.2 ¹⁰Be ka. The disappearance of the LS-LIS ~6.8 ¹⁰Be ka and attendant reduction in freshwater runoff may have induced the formation of Labrador Deep Seawater, while the loss of the high albedo surface may have initiated the Holocene Thermal Maximum in eastern Canada and southern Greenland. Moreover, the rapid melting just prior to ~6.8 ¹⁰Be ka indicates that the remnant LIS may be the primary source of a postulated rapid rise in global sea level of ~5 m that occurred sometime between 7.6 and 6.5 cal ka BP. Title: Rapid Holocene Deglaciation of the Labrador Sector of the Laurentide Ice Sheet Author: Brook, Edward J., Raisbeck, Grant M., Carlson, Anders E., Clark, Peter U. Retreat of the Laurentide Ice Sheet (LIS) following the Last Glacial Maximum 21 000 yr BP affected regional to global climate and accounted for the largest proportion of sea level rise. Although the late Pleistocene LIS retreat chronology is relatively well constrained, its Holocene chronology remains poorly dated, limiting our understanding of its role in Holocene climate change and sea level rise. Here new ¹⁰Be cosmogenic exposure ages on glacially deposited boulders are used to date the final disappearance of the Labrador sector of the LIS (LS-LIS). These data suggest that following the deglaciation of the southeastern Hudson Bay coastline at 8.0 ± 0.2 cal ka BP, the southwestern margin of the LS-LIS rapidly retreated ~600 km in 140 yr and most likely in ~600 yr at a rate of ~900 m yr⁻¹, with final deglaciation by 6.8 ± 0.2 ¹⁰Be ka. The disappearance of the LS-LIS ~6.8 ¹⁰Be ka and attendant reduction in freshwater runoff may have induced the formation of Labrador Deep Seawater, while the loss of the high albedo surface may have initiated the Holocene Thermal Maximum in eastern Canada and southern Greenland. Moreover, the rapid melting just prior to ~6.8 ¹⁰Be ka indicates that the remnant LIS may be the primary source of a postulated rapid rise in global sea level of ~5 m that occurred sometime between 7.6 and 6.5 cal ka BP. Close

• 23. [Article] Staff report on the use of helicopters in the Dungeness crab fishery in Oregon

  In 1976, a Coos Bay company began using helicopters instead of boats to pull and replace crab pots. This report, an exhibit by ODFW to the Oregon Fish and Game Commission, explores the legal and regulatory ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Staff report on the use of helicopters in the Dungeness crab fishery in Oregon Author: Oregon. Dept. of Fish and Wildlife In 1976, a Coos Bay company began using helicopters instead of boats to pull and replace crab pots. This report, an exhibit by ODFW to the Oregon Fish and Game Commission, explores the legal and regulatory implications of helicopter crabbing in Oregon. Title: Staff report on the use of helicopters in the Dungeness crab fishery in Oregon Author: Oregon. Dept. of Fish and Wildlife In 1976, a Coos Bay company began using helicopters instead of boats to pull and replace crab pots. This report, an exhibit by ODFW to the Oregon Fish and Game Commission, explores the legal and regulatory implications of helicopter crabbing in Oregon. Close

• 24. [Article] Stakeholder Perceptions of Public Participation in LNG Siting in Coos Bay, Oregon

  Selecting locations for large energy facilities represents a land use dilemma: The beneficiaries of such facilities often are not the ones to suffer from adverse local impacts. As a result, it is not uncommon ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Stakeholder Perceptions of Public Participation in LNG Siting in Coos Bay, Oregon Author: Gaustad, Brittany V. Selecting locations for large energy facilities represents a land use dilemma: The beneficiaries of such facilities often are not the ones to suffer from adverse local impacts. As a result, it is not uncommon for local opposition groups to form in response to such proposals, and although opportunities for public participation are built into the process, questions remain as to their effectiveness. I find that previous experiences regarding industrial development proposals in Coos Bay fostered mistrust of local decision makers as well as a sense of procedural injustice among opponents of such projects and established a network of existing mobilizing structures in which LNG opponents were able to mobilize. I also find that the change from import to export helped to facilitate the mobilization of opposition among landowners along the pipeline. Finally, supporters mobilized in support of the project, forming a strategic alliance with Veresen, the company that owns Jordan Cove, and as a reaction to opponents dominating public discussions about the project. The purpose of this research is to identify areas of improvement for effective public participation processes surrounding large-scale, coastal, industrial development through an in-depth case study of the Jordan Cove energy project. Title: Stakeholder Perceptions of Public Participation in LNG Siting in Coos Bay, Oregon Author: Gaustad, Brittany V. Selecting locations for large energy facilities represents a land use dilemma: The beneficiaries of such facilities often are not the ones to suffer from adverse local impacts. As a result, it is not uncommon for local opposition groups to form in response to such proposals, and although opportunities for public participation are built into the process, questions remain as to their effectiveness. I find that previous experiences regarding industrial development proposals in Coos Bay fostered mistrust of local decision makers as well as a sense of procedural injustice among opponents of such projects and established a network of existing mobilizing structures in which LNG opponents were able to mobilize. I also find that the change from import to export helped to facilitate the mobilization of opposition among landowners along the pipeline. Finally, supporters mobilized in support of the project, forming a strategic alliance with Veresen, the company that owns Jordan Cove, and as a reaction to opponents dominating public discussions about the project. The purpose of this research is to identify areas of improvement for effective public participation processes surrounding large-scale, coastal, industrial development through an in-depth case study of the Jordan Cove energy project. Close

• 25. [Article] Geology of the Duke Point-Kulleet Bay area, Vancouver Island, B.C.

  The Duke Point-Kulleet Bay area is located on the southeast coast of Vancouver Island, B.C., approximately 60 miles northwest of Victoria, B.C. and 25 miles west, across the Strait of Georgia, from Vancouver, ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Geology of the Duke Point-Kulleet Bay area, Vancouver Island, B.C. Author: Rinne, Richard Wyman The Duke Point-Kulleet Bay area is located on the southeast coast of Vancouver Island, B.C., approximately 60 miles northwest of Victoria, B.C. and 25 miles west, across the Strait of Georgia, from Vancouver, B.C. Approximately 2500 feet of Late Cretaceous sedimentary rocks of the Nanaimo Group are exposed within the area of investigation. The rocks were deposited in the Nanaimo Basin by a series of east and northeast flowing streams and rivers carrying sediments from the pre-Pennsylvanian Sicker Group volcanics, metavolcanics, argillites and quartzites, the Late Triassic-Early Jurassic Vancouver Group volcanics, limestones, argillites and greywackes, and the Middle Jurassic granodiorite-gabbro Island Intrusions. Formations within the area are: 1) the Cedar District, mainly marine mudstones with limy concretions and sandstone dikes, and Z) the De Courcy, mainly fluvial to shallow marine arkosic wackes, exhibiting honeycomb weathering and containing concretions and minor conglomerate, During the Late Cretaceous and Tertiary the rocks were differentially uplifted and folded and faulted into a northwest-southeast trending belt. The possibility of later episodes of diastrophism, exists. Two Pleistocene glacial epochs scoured the rocks and left till deposits behind during their retreats. Coal was mined extensively in the Nanaimo Basin from the 1850's to the 1940's and 1950's, but is no longer an economic commodity. Building stone and sand and gravel have been quarried for local use. Petroleum companies have investigated the area, but the results of their exploration have not been made public. Title: Geology of the Duke Point-Kulleet Bay area, Vancouver Island, B.C. Author: Rinne, Richard Wyman The Duke Point-Kulleet Bay area is located on the southeast coast of Vancouver Island, B.C., approximately 60 miles northwest of Victoria, B.C. and 25 miles west, across the Strait of Georgia, from Vancouver, B.C. Approximately 2500 feet of Late Cretaceous sedimentary rocks of the Nanaimo Group are exposed within the area of investigation. The rocks were deposited in the Nanaimo Basin by a series of east and northeast flowing streams and rivers carrying sediments from the pre-Pennsylvanian Sicker Group volcanics, metavolcanics, argillites and quartzites, the Late Triassic-Early Jurassic Vancouver Group volcanics, limestones, argillites and greywackes, and the Middle Jurassic granodiorite-gabbro Island Intrusions. Formations within the area are: 1) the Cedar District, mainly marine mudstones with limy concretions and sandstone dikes, and Z) the De Courcy, mainly fluvial to shallow marine arkosic wackes, exhibiting honeycomb weathering and containing concretions and minor conglomerate, During the Late Cretaceous and Tertiary the rocks were differentially uplifted and folded and faulted into a northwest-southeast trending belt. The possibility of later episodes of diastrophism, exists. Two Pleistocene glacial epochs scoured the rocks and left till deposits behind during their retreats. Coal was mined extensively in the Nanaimo Basin from the 1850's to the 1940's and 1950's, but is no longer an economic commodity. Building stone and sand and gravel have been quarried for local use. Petroleum companies have investigated the area, but the results of their exploration have not been made public. Close

• 26. [Article] Impact of Cultural Practices on the individual and Collective Economic Performances in Shellfish Farming: the Case of Oyster Farming in Baie Des Veys

  The access regulation within the shellfish farming sector in France is based on a co-management system relying on both a national legislation, defining the general access conditions to maritime public ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Impact of Cultural Practices on the individual and Collective Economic Performances in Shellfish Farming: the Case of Oyster Farming in Baie Des Veys Author: Agundez, José Perez, Vornière, Jean-Philippe, Girard, Sophie, Gangnery, Aline The access regulation within the shellfish farming sector in France is based on a co-management system relying on both a national legislation, defining the general access conditions to maritime public grounds, and regional regulation systems, called “Regional Structural Schemes”. The latter specify the farming rules in cooperation with the administration, scientific and professional representatives. This regulation system, which aims at managing the common primary resources at the scale of a shellfish farming basin, is under review in the baie des Veys, on the Normandy coastline. In this context, biological modelling is used to assess the carrying capacity of the bay and to provide tools for modifying the RSS in a more sustainable way. Another objective of the study is to shift to bio-economic modelling, implying for the model to take into account extra technical and economical parameters. A specific survey has therefore been carried out for collecting detailed information on the cultural practices of the oyster farming companies, and for analysing the links with their structural characteristics and performance indicators, in terms of productivity and output. This article reviews the context of oyster farming in the baie des Veys from the environmental, socio-economic and institutional point of view. After the presentation of the methodology used for the survey, its results are analysed and a synthesis is made, leading to the identification of the main farming technical profiles. At this stage of the study, only theoretical developments on modelling are considered and outlooks in terms of collective management measures are discussed. Title: Impact of Cultural Practices on the individual and Collective Economic Performances in Shellfish Farming: the Case of Oyster Farming in Baie Des Veys Author: Agundez, José Perez, Vornière, Jean-Philippe, Girard, Sophie, Gangnery, Aline The access regulation within the shellfish farming sector in France is based on a co-management system relying on both a national legislation, defining the general access conditions to maritime public grounds, and regional regulation systems, called “Regional Structural Schemes”. The latter specify the farming rules in cooperation with the administration, scientific and professional representatives. This regulation system, which aims at managing the common primary resources at the scale of a shellfish farming basin, is under review in the baie des Veys, on the Normandy coastline. In this context, biological modelling is used to assess the carrying capacity of the bay and to provide tools for modifying the RSS in a more sustainable way. Another objective of the study is to shift to bio-economic modelling, implying for the model to take into account extra technical and economical parameters. A specific survey has therefore been carried out for collecting detailed information on the cultural practices of the oyster farming companies, and for analysing the links with their structural characteristics and performance indicators, in terms of productivity and output. This article reviews the context of oyster farming in the baie des Veys from the environmental, socio-economic and institutional point of view. After the presentation of the methodology used for the survey, its results are analysed and a synthesis is made, leading to the identification of the main farming technical profiles. At this stage of the study, only theoretical developments on modelling are considered and outlooks in terms of collective management measures are discussed. Close

• 27. [Article] Homeowner Association Resident’s Perceptions on Stormwater Retention Ponds and Clean Drinking Water: (Montgomery West Homeowners Association (MWHOA) Gaithersburg, Maryland).

  Graduation date: 2015

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Homeowner Association Resident’s Perceptions on Stormwater Retention Ponds and Clean Drinking Water: (Montgomery West Homeowners Association (MWHOA) Gaithersburg, Maryland). Author: Roberts, William Hadyn Jr Graduation date: 2015 Title: Homeowner Association Resident’s Perceptions on Stormwater Retention Ponds and Clean Drinking Water: (Montgomery West Homeowners Association (MWHOA) Gaithersburg, Maryland). Author: Roberts, William Hadyn Jr Graduation date: 2015 Close

• 28. [Article] Geology of the Buster Creek-Nehalem Valley area, Clatsop County, northwest Oregon

  Six Tertiary rock units are exposed in the Buster Creek-Nehalem Valley area. They are, from oldest to youngest: upper Eocene Tillamook Volcanics; upper Eocene Cowlitz Formation; upper Eocene Keasey Formation; ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Geology of the Buster Creek-Nehalem Valley area, Clatsop County, northwest Oregon Author: Olbinski, James Steven Six Tertiary rock units are exposed in the Buster Creek-Nehalem Valley area. They are, from oldest to youngest: upper Eocene Tillamook Volcanics; upper Eocene Cowlitz Formation; upper Eocene Keasey Formation; upper Eocene Vesper Church formation (informal); upper Eocene to Oligocene Pittsburg Bluff Formation; and middle Miocene Depoe Bay Basalt. The Tillamook Volcanics is composed of basaltic andesite subaerial flows (SiO2 54.19% to 55.67%) and volcanic debris flows. The platy jointed subaerial flows are generally porphyritic with a pilotaxitic groundmass; a few aphyric flows with well defined flow banding are present. Highly vesicular flow tops typically show alteration of ilmenite to leucoxene producing a diagnostic bleached white appearance. Debris flows are comprised of very poorly sorted, angular, volcanic and minor sedimentary rock clasts in a mud matrix. Commonly this lithology is intruded by porphyritic and vesicular dikes. Major oxides of the Tillamook basaltic andesites suggest that these volcanic rocks may have erupted in an oceanic island "spreading center" environment. The Cowlitz Formation unconformably overlies the Tillamook Volcanics in the study area. This formation is divided into five informal members: a basal basaltic andesite conglomerate; a unit of interbedded micaceous arkese, volcanic lithic arenite and mudstone; a thick structureless mudstone; rhythmically laminated turbidite sandstone and siltstone; and a thick upper arkosic sandstone. The basal conglomerate represents a fluvial braided stream to high energy marine shoreline environment. The finer grained middle members indicate a deepening up sequence. The upper sandstone member is a micaceous, well-sorted, hummocky bedded, porous, very friable sandstone deposited in a high energy storm-dominated shelf to nearshore environment. The upper sandstone member of the Cowlitz Formation ("Clark and Wilson sand" of the Mist gas field) is the current target of active drilling in adjacent areas by several petroleum companies. This upper sandstone and lower arkosic sandstones represent favorable targets in contact with organic-rich, but immature, source rocks in potential fault bounded structural highs and erosional pinchouts in the northern part of the study area. The Narizian to Refugian Keasey Formation is represented by the Jewell member (informal), in the study area. The Jewell member, a well-bedded to laminated, tuffaceous, indurated mudstone, unconformably overlies the more extensively faulted Cowlitz Formation. Upper slope water depths of 200-600 m are indicated by foraminiferal and molluscan assemblages. A lithologically distinct and mappable turbidite unit crops out in the study area and is informally named in this thesis the Vesper Church formation. The Vesper Church formation represents west- to northwest-trending turbidite-filled "sea gullies" deposited at bathyal depths (1,000-1,500 m) on the lower slope. Thin-bedded channelized turbidites with Bouma c, d and e sequences and local thick amalgamated sandstones characterize this unit. The upper Eocene (Refugian) Pittsburg Bluff Formation conformably overlies the Vesper Church formation. Molluscan assemblages from the basal part of this formation indicate water depths of 20-200 m; thus, a significant shallowing episode between the Vesper Church and Pittsburg Bluff formations is indicated. Thick, bioturbated, glauconitic to fine-grained tuffaceous sandstone and sandy mudstone suggest an inner to middle (possibly outer) continental shelf depositional environment for the Pittsburg Bluff strata. Following a period of high-angle northeast trending faulting, two middle Miocene Depoe Bay Basalt dikes intruded the sedimentary formations exposed in the area. The reversely polarized Northrup Creek dike can be traced over 8.5 km and has a paleomagnetic declination of 170° and a steep inclination of -74°, possibly a result of secular variation of the geomagnetic pole during cooling of the dike through its Cuire temperature (Nelson, 1983). These aphanitic to sparsely micro-porhyritic tholeiitic basalts are chemically identical to the Grande Ronde Basalt of the Columbia Plateau. A recent hypothesis by Beeson et al. (1979) suggests that all Miocene coastal basalts represent the distal ends of subaerial Columbia River basalts which reached the Miocene shoreline and intruded or "invaded" soft marine sediments. The reversed stratigraphic order of high and low MgO Depoe Bay (Grande Ronde) basaltic sills intruding Keasey and Cowlitz strata, as much as 1600 m below the surface in the petroleum exploration well Quintan_a Watzek 30-1 Watzek 30-1 in this study area, illustrates a complicating factor in the emplacement mechanism if these are "invasive" intrusions. In late middle Miocene the northern Oregon Coast Range anticline was formed, possibly in response to a period of underthrusting (Snavely et al., 1980b). Contemporaneously, a second set of left-lateral and right-lateral conjugate faults (N55°E and N55°W) cut the middle Miocene basalt dikes. This faulting may be related to north-south compression and clockwise rotation of western Oregon and southwest Washington associated with the oblique subduction of the Juan De Fuca Plate beneath the North American Plate as suggested by Magill et al. (1981) and Coe and Wells (1982). Title: Geology of the Buster Creek-Nehalem Valley area, Clatsop County, northwest Oregon Author: Olbinski, James Steven Six Tertiary rock units are exposed in the Buster Creek-Nehalem Valley area. They are, from oldest to youngest: upper Eocene Tillamook Volcanics; upper Eocene Cowlitz Formation; upper Eocene Keasey Formation; upper Eocene Vesper Church formation (informal); upper Eocene to Oligocene Pittsburg Bluff Formation; and middle Miocene Depoe Bay Basalt. The Tillamook Volcanics is composed of basaltic andesite subaerial flows (SiO2 54.19% to 55.67%) and volcanic debris flows. The platy jointed subaerial flows are generally porphyritic with a pilotaxitic groundmass; a few aphyric flows with well defined flow banding are present. Highly vesicular flow tops typically show alteration of ilmenite to leucoxene producing a diagnostic bleached white appearance. Debris flows are comprised of very poorly sorted, angular, volcanic and minor sedimentary rock clasts in a mud matrix. Commonly this lithology is intruded by porphyritic and vesicular dikes. Major oxides of the Tillamook basaltic andesites suggest that these volcanic rocks may have erupted in an oceanic island "spreading center" environment. The Cowlitz Formation unconformably overlies the Tillamook Volcanics in the study area. This formation is divided into five informal members: a basal basaltic andesite conglomerate; a unit of interbedded micaceous arkese, volcanic lithic arenite and mudstone; a thick structureless mudstone; rhythmically laminated turbidite sandstone and siltstone; and a thick upper arkosic sandstone. The basal conglomerate represents a fluvial braided stream to high energy marine shoreline environment. The finer grained middle members indicate a deepening up sequence. The upper sandstone member is a micaceous, well-sorted, hummocky bedded, porous, very friable sandstone deposited in a high energy storm-dominated shelf to nearshore environment. The upper sandstone member of the Cowlitz Formation ("Clark and Wilson sand" of the Mist gas field) is the current target of active drilling in adjacent areas by several petroleum companies. This upper sandstone and lower arkosic sandstones represent favorable targets in contact with organic-rich, but immature, source rocks in potential fault bounded structural highs and erosional pinchouts in the northern part of the study area. The Narizian to Refugian Keasey Formation is represented by the Jewell member (informal), in the study area. The Jewell member, a well-bedded to laminated, tuffaceous, indurated mudstone, unconformably overlies the more extensively faulted Cowlitz Formation. Upper slope water depths of 200-600 m are indicated by foraminiferal and molluscan assemblages. A lithologically distinct and mappable turbidite unit crops out in the study area and is informally named in this thesis the Vesper Church formation. The Vesper Church formation represents west- to northwest-trending turbidite-filled "sea gullies" deposited at bathyal depths (1,000-1,500 m) on the lower slope. Thin-bedded channelized turbidites with Bouma c, d and e sequences and local thick amalgamated sandstones characterize this unit. The upper Eocene (Refugian) Pittsburg Bluff Formation conformably overlies the Vesper Church formation. Molluscan assemblages from the basal part of this formation indicate water depths of 20-200 m; thus, a significant shallowing episode between the Vesper Church and Pittsburg Bluff formations is indicated. Thick, bioturbated, glauconitic to fine-grained tuffaceous sandstone and sandy mudstone suggest an inner to middle (possibly outer) continental shelf depositional environment for the Pittsburg Bluff strata. Following a period of high-angle northeast trending faulting, two middle Miocene Depoe Bay Basalt dikes intruded the sedimentary formations exposed in the area. The reversely polarized Northrup Creek dike can be traced over 8.5 km and has a paleomagnetic declination of 170° and a steep inclination of -74°, possibly a result of secular variation of the geomagnetic pole during cooling of the dike through its Cuire temperature (Nelson, 1983). These aphanitic to sparsely micro-porhyritic tholeiitic basalts are chemically identical to the Grande Ronde Basalt of the Columbia Plateau. A recent hypothesis by Beeson et al. (1979) suggests that all Miocene coastal basalts represent the distal ends of subaerial Columbia River basalts which reached the Miocene shoreline and intruded or "invaded" soft marine sediments. The reversed stratigraphic order of high and low MgO Depoe Bay (Grande Ronde) basaltic sills intruding Keasey and Cowlitz strata, as much as 1600 m below the surface in the petroleum exploration well Quintan_a Watzek 30-1 Watzek 30-1 in this study area, illustrates a complicating factor in the emplacement mechanism if these are "invasive" intrusions. In late middle Miocene the northern Oregon Coast Range anticline was formed, possibly in response to a period of underthrusting (Snavely et al., 1980b). Contemporaneously, a second set of left-lateral and right-lateral conjugate faults (N55°E and N55°W) cut the middle Miocene basalt dikes. This faulting may be related to north-south compression and clockwise rotation of western Oregon and southwest Washington associated with the oblique subduction of the Juan De Fuca Plate beneath the North American Plate as suggested by Magill et al. (1981) and Coe and Wells (1982). Close

• 29. [Article] Failure analysis of pre-notched composite laminated plates under four-point bending conditions

  Ever since composite laminate technology was introduced into the aerospace and automotive industry, there has been a need to fully understand the damage progression experienced by composite laminated plates ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Failure analysis of pre-notched composite laminated plates under four-point bending conditions Author: Arias Gonzales, Sergio Ever since composite laminate technology was introduced into the aerospace and automotive industry, there has been a need to fully understand the damage progression experienced by composite laminated plates in the presence of a notch. While numerous research studies have been conducted on this matter when subjected to in-plane loads, not much focus has been directed to the out-of-plane loading conditions. To address this issue, a comprehensive study in partnership with the Boeing Commercial Airplane Company and the Federal Aviation Administration was carried out, using laboratory tests and computer simulations, to predict the failure mechanisms of pre-notched composite laminated plates under four-point bending. A total of 48 pre-notched laminates, varying in size, layer orientations, and thickness were tested, and the deformation data was recorded by means of strain gages. Two notch lengths of 1-in. and 4-in. with an end radius of 0.125-in. were considered in the analysis. The laminates were also modeled in the finite element software ABAQUS to determine the concentration factors and explore the damage progression based on the Hashin criterion. The results were compared to the test data for correlation and validity. From the simulation results, it was determined that the classical laminated plate models under-predicted the strain concentration factors, and that Reissner’s models should be employed in order to conduct failure analysis on composite laminates when subjected to pure bending. The shell model that takes into account transverse shear effects was then chosen to provide the progressive damage simulation. It was found that the results of these theoretical models from ABAQUS were very similar to the results of the test samples generated in our experiments. In general, very good agreement between the simulations and the test results was obtained for the thin laminates. Particularly, as the percentage of 0-degree plies increased, so did the correlation with the test samples. Our theoretical models were capable of reproducing accurately their failure points by taking into consideration the large deformation effects and damage progression. On the other hand, the thick laminate models were not as successful in predicting failure. In most cases, they computed a failure moment higher than the ones found in the experiment. Title: Failure analysis of pre-notched composite laminated plates under four-point bending conditions Author: Arias Gonzales, Sergio Ever since composite laminate technology was introduced into the aerospace and automotive industry, there has been a need to fully understand the damage progression experienced by composite laminated plates in the presence of a notch. While numerous research studies have been conducted on this matter when subjected to in-plane loads, not much focus has been directed to the out-of-plane loading conditions. To address this issue, a comprehensive study in partnership with the Boeing Commercial Airplane Company and the Federal Aviation Administration was carried out, using laboratory tests and computer simulations, to predict the failure mechanisms of pre-notched composite laminated plates under four-point bending. A total of 48 pre-notched laminates, varying in size, layer orientations, and thickness were tested, and the deformation data was recorded by means of strain gages. Two notch lengths of 1-in. and 4-in. with an end radius of 0.125-in. were considered in the analysis. The laminates were also modeled in the finite element software ABAQUS to determine the concentration factors and explore the damage progression based on the Hashin criterion. The results were compared to the test data for correlation and validity. From the simulation results, it was determined that the classical laminated plate models under-predicted the strain concentration factors, and that Reissner’s models should be employed in order to conduct failure analysis on composite laminates when subjected to pure bending. The shell model that takes into account transverse shear effects was then chosen to provide the progressive damage simulation. It was found that the results of these theoretical models from ABAQUS were very similar to the results of the test samples generated in our experiments. In general, very good agreement between the simulations and the test results was obtained for the thin laminates. Particularly, as the percentage of 0-degree plies increased, so did the correlation with the test samples. Our theoretical models were capable of reproducing accurately their failure points by taking into consideration the large deformation effects and damage progression. On the other hand, the thick laminate models were not as successful in predicting failure. In most cases, they computed a failure moment higher than the ones found in the experiment. Close

• 30. [Article] Evaluating the effectiveness of interaction strategies between product developer and supply chain using activity based modeling in environmental benign product design

  With growing concerns on environment impact of industrial product development, the product developers are seeking better solutions to achieve desired environmental benign requirements by the regulators ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Evaluating the effectiveness of interaction strategies between product developer and supply chain using activity based modeling in environmental benign product design Author: Wang, Bo With growing concerns on environment impact of industrial product development, the product developers are seeking better solutions to achieve desired environmental benign requirements by the regulators and customers besides economic growth. During the last decade, some of the most successful product development companies (such as HP) have established their own Design for Environment (DfE) programs. The DfE programs are playing a more and more important role in enforcing environmental concerns in product development process. However, there are numerous industrial examples to show that the quality of environment design often times depends on if a DfE program can work effectively with other existing units, in particular, supply chain management through a certain interaction strategy. The existing literatures provide limited discussions on the interactions in general. It is not clear how to define and represent an interaction strategy, and how to quantifiably measure its impact on Environmental Impact (E), Quality (Q), and Cost (C), of developing a product. In my thesis, I focus on 1) formulating and representing several typical interaction strategies based on the classification of information exchange by its content and extent, and 2) quantitatively evaluate their effectives using an Activity Based Modeling approach. Information exchange has been identified as a major factor to affect the effectiveness of interactions between the DfE program and supply chain. The content and extent of information exchange is used to define an interaction strategy space. In this space, existing interaction strategies are represented. The major design activities and information are identified and defined by different groups, including: Marketing, Design, Manufacturing, Supply Chain Management and Stewardship Group. To evaluate the different interaction strategies, the quality consideration are added into Bras' Activity-Based Model and expand it to the Three View Activity Based Model which simulates the process and activities occur in the product development and supply chain. Quality is treated as a driver as environment and cost for the activities, which enables quantitative performance assessment of the product development activities. The activities act the carrier of the information in our three view model. Through the activity roadmap, E.Q.C. performance could be traced and the evaluation for every interaction strategies could be accomplished. The thesis, I also provide a case study, to allow the reader to see how the model and evaluation method are applied into the application and what the result is. The resufts from this work provide necessary knowledge for DfE group and supply chain to examine and identify holes in their current interaction strategy that may have negative impact on environmental design. On the other hand, they allow management to screen and select a suitable interaction strategy for a particular DfE program with its supply chain. The thesis directly contributes to the betterment of environmental design. Title: Evaluating the effectiveness of interaction strategies between product developer and supply chain using activity based modeling in environmental benign product design Author: Wang, Bo With growing concerns on environment impact of industrial product development, the product developers are seeking better solutions to achieve desired environmental benign requirements by the regulators and customers besides economic growth. During the last decade, some of the most successful product development companies (such as HP) have established their own Design for Environment (DfE) programs. The DfE programs are playing a more and more important role in enforcing environmental concerns in product development process. However, there are numerous industrial examples to show that the quality of environment design often times depends on if a DfE program can work effectively with other existing units, in particular, supply chain management through a certain interaction strategy. The existing literatures provide limited discussions on the interactions in general. It is not clear how to define and represent an interaction strategy, and how to quantifiably measure its impact on Environmental Impact (E), Quality (Q), and Cost (C), of developing a product. In my thesis, I focus on 1) formulating and representing several typical interaction strategies based on the classification of information exchange by its content and extent, and 2) quantitatively evaluate their effectives using an Activity Based Modeling approach. Information exchange has been identified as a major factor to affect the effectiveness of interactions between the DfE program and supply chain. The content and extent of information exchange is used to define an interaction strategy space. In this space, existing interaction strategies are represented. The major design activities and information are identified and defined by different groups, including: Marketing, Design, Manufacturing, Supply Chain Management and Stewardship Group. To evaluate the different interaction strategies, the quality consideration are added into Bras' Activity-Based Model and expand it to the Three View Activity Based Model which simulates the process and activities occur in the product development and supply chain. Quality is treated as a driver as environment and cost for the activities, which enables quantitative performance assessment of the product development activities. The activities act the carrier of the information in our three view model. Through the activity roadmap, E.Q.C. performance could be traced and the evaluation for every interaction strategies could be accomplished. The thesis, I also provide a case study, to allow the reader to see how the model and evaluation method are applied into the application and what the result is. The resufts from this work provide necessary knowledge for DfE group and supply chain to examine and identify holes in their current interaction strategy that may have negative impact on environmental design. On the other hand, they allow management to screen and select a suitable interaction strategy for a particular DfE program with its supply chain. The thesis directly contributes to the betterment of environmental design. Close