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• 21. [Article] Capacity Measurement and Policy Simulation of Fishery Industry in Japan

  Abstract only.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Capacity Measurement and Policy Simulation of Fishery Industry in Japan Author: Managi, Shunsuke Abstract only. Title: Capacity Measurement and Policy Simulation of Fishery Industry in Japan Author: Managi, Shunsuke Abstract only. Close

• 22. [Article] Dynamic investment and pricing decisions for municipal sewerage

  The capacity expansion investment decisions on the provision of municipal sewerage are the central aspects of this analysis. The purpose is to present a methodology, utilizing a dynamic demand and supply ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Dynamic investment and pricing decisions for municipal sewerage Author: Hanson, Kenneth Allen The capacity expansion investment decisions on the provision of municipal sewerage are the central aspects of this analysis. The purpose is to present a methodology, utilizing a dynamic demand and supply model of sewerage, for recommending a set of values for the investment and pricing decision variables. The outcome of the investment decisions is an economically efficient time sequence of capacity expansions. The pricing decisions involves a departure from an economically efficient set of user charges, i.e. from marginal cost pricing. The model consists of a cost function, i.e. amount of capacity and variable operating factors used per period times price; a set of production process equations transforming influent to effluent water quality standards; and a set of factors affecting influent, cost, and production. The factors taken into consideration are: Economies of size in capacity expansion costs, technological change, inflation, deterioration of capacity and economic life of capacity, discounting to present value, time horizon of model, changes in effluent water quality standards, and changes in the flow of influent due to an increase in users, price elasticity of the flow of influent and changes in water consumptive habits, formation of substitutes through technological change, as well as rainstorm drainage and infiltration. It is the investment decisions on timing of capacity expansions and mix of capacity types in each expansion which are of concern. These investment decisions must be considered simultaneously with those on economic amortization of capacity expansion costs and economic life of capacity, as well as use of, variable operating factors in the production process. Furthermore consideration for pricing in terms of user charges is given. By simultaneously solving a set of necessary marginal conditions associated with the investment decision variables and use of variable operating factors, the timing of capacity expansions and mix of capacity types in each expansion may be derived. With the existence of several capacity types, several variable operating factors, numerous feasible times for a capacity expansion, and a set of complex equations representing the production process; the use of a simulation analysis is imperative. Formulation of a simulation model should be on the basis of the equations developed in this analysis. Though the values of the decision variables resulting from a Simulation analysis may not be optimal, i.e. minimize present value cost subject to a production output constraint, the present value cost for a set of feasible time sequence of capacity expansions may be compared under various influent, cost, and production conditions. Title: Dynamic investment and pricing decisions for municipal sewerage Author: Hanson, Kenneth Allen The capacity expansion investment decisions on the provision of municipal sewerage are the central aspects of this analysis. The purpose is to present a methodology, utilizing a dynamic demand and supply model of sewerage, for recommending a set of values for the investment and pricing decision variables. The outcome of the investment decisions is an economically efficient time sequence of capacity expansions. The pricing decisions involves a departure from an economically efficient set of user charges, i.e. from marginal cost pricing. The model consists of a cost function, i.e. amount of capacity and variable operating factors used per period times price; a set of production process equations transforming influent to effluent water quality standards; and a set of factors affecting influent, cost, and production. The factors taken into consideration are: Economies of size in capacity expansion costs, technological change, inflation, deterioration of capacity and economic life of capacity, discounting to present value, time horizon of model, changes in effluent water quality standards, and changes in the flow of influent due to an increase in users, price elasticity of the flow of influent and changes in water consumptive habits, formation of substitutes through technological change, as well as rainstorm drainage and infiltration. It is the investment decisions on timing of capacity expansions and mix of capacity types in each expansion which are of concern. These investment decisions must be considered simultaneously with those on economic amortization of capacity expansion costs and economic life of capacity, as well as use of, variable operating factors in the production process. Furthermore consideration for pricing in terms of user charges is given. By simultaneously solving a set of necessary marginal conditions associated with the investment decision variables and use of variable operating factors, the timing of capacity expansions and mix of capacity types in each expansion may be derived. With the existence of several capacity types, several variable operating factors, numerous feasible times for a capacity expansion, and a set of complex equations representing the production process; the use of a simulation analysis is imperative. Formulation of a simulation model should be on the basis of the equations developed in this analysis. Though the values of the decision variables resulting from a Simulation analysis may not be optimal, i.e. minimize present value cost subject to a production output constraint, the present value cost for a set of feasible time sequence of capacity expansions may be compared under various influent, cost, and production conditions. Close

• 23. [Article] The effect of spatial configuration of habitat capacity on β diversity

  To the best of our knowledge, one or more authors of this paper were federal employees when contributing to this work. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by the author(s) ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The effect of spatial configuration of habitat capacity on β diversity Author: Olden, J. D., Muneepeerakul, R., Lytle, D. A., Dong, X. To the best of our knowledge, one or more authors of this paper were federal employees when contributing to this work. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by the author(s) and published by the Ecological Society of America. The published article can be found at: http://esajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/hub/journal/10.1002/%28ISSN%292150-8925/ Title: The effect of spatial configuration of habitat capacity on β diversity Author: Olden, J. D., Muneepeerakul, R., Lytle, D. A., Dong, X. To the best of our knowledge, one or more authors of this paper were federal employees when contributing to this work. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by the author(s) and published by the Ecological Society of America. The published article can be found at: http://esajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/hub/journal/10.1002/%28ISSN%292150-8925/ Close

• 24. [Article] Bridge over troubled water : partnerships and the prospect of adaptive capacity among small Oregon coast water systems

  The Oregon Coast's small water systems, like the vast number of small water systems across the U.S., are greatly vulnerable. Failing infrastructure, limited financial capital, and inadequate staff combined ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Bridge over troubled water : partnerships and the prospect of adaptive capacity among small Oregon coast water systems Author: Dennis, Lauren Marie The Oregon Coast's small water systems, like the vast number of small water systems across the U.S., are greatly vulnerable. Failing infrastructure, limited financial capital, and inadequate staff combined with future changes in climate, population size, and regulatory stringency spell out a potentially dire future for the region's water supply and subsequently, its economy. To address small water system vulnerability, partnerships (i.e. regionalized and collaborative approaches to water management and delivery) have received increasing attention as a tool for improving managerial, technical, and financial capacities. But how do these relate to system adaptive capacity, i.e. the ability to respond and adjust to change? In an effort to evaluate regional partnerships and provide guidance to Oregon coastal water system managers as to how to appropriately use it, this study sets out to 1) assess the spectrum of water system partnership types through the framework of adaptive capacity; 2) identify likely drivers and barriers to partnership establishment and ways to overcome them; and 3) assemble recommendations and lessons learned for successful, adaptive capacity-building partnerships. This study suggests that partnerships do in fact increase adaptive capacity, and specifically, that more formalized partnership types (joint powers agencies and consolidations) provide the greatest adaptive capacity characteristics. The number of barriers far outweighed drivers, and recommendations for partnership success converged most commonly around the topic of fair governance. Recommended state actions, opportunities for financing, an evaluation of the adaptive capacity framework, and suggestions for further research are offered. Title: Bridge over troubled water : partnerships and the prospect of adaptive capacity among small Oregon coast water systems Author: Dennis, Lauren Marie The Oregon Coast's small water systems, like the vast number of small water systems across the U.S., are greatly vulnerable. Failing infrastructure, limited financial capital, and inadequate staff combined with future changes in climate, population size, and regulatory stringency spell out a potentially dire future for the region's water supply and subsequently, its economy. To address small water system vulnerability, partnerships (i.e. regionalized and collaborative approaches to water management and delivery) have received increasing attention as a tool for improving managerial, technical, and financial capacities. But how do these relate to system adaptive capacity, i.e. the ability to respond and adjust to change? In an effort to evaluate regional partnerships and provide guidance to Oregon coastal water system managers as to how to appropriately use it, this study sets out to 1) assess the spectrum of water system partnership types through the framework of adaptive capacity; 2) identify likely drivers and barriers to partnership establishment and ways to overcome them; and 3) assemble recommendations and lessons learned for successful, adaptive capacity-building partnerships. This study suggests that partnerships do in fact increase adaptive capacity, and specifically, that more formalized partnership types (joint powers agencies and consolidations) provide the greatest adaptive capacity characteristics. The number of barriers far outweighed drivers, and recommendations for partnership success converged most commonly around the topic of fair governance. Recommended state actions, opportunities for financing, an evaluation of the adaptive capacity framework, and suggestions for further research are offered. Close

• 25. [Article] Memory capacity in switching search strategies: Are low-capacity individuals more susceptible to capture by distractors?

  Lien, Ruthruff, and Naylor (2014) recently reported that switching target search strategies (e.g., from identifying the letter that is uniquely colored [singleton search] to the letter that has a specific ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Memory capacity in switching search strategies: Are low-capacity individuals more susceptible to capture by distractors? Author: Thompson, Lane, Naylor, Jamie Lien, Ruthruff, and Naylor (2014) recently reported that switching target search strategies (e.g., from identifying the letter that is uniquely colored [singleton search] to the letter that has a specific color [feature search] or vice versa) made the attentional system more vulnerable to capture by salient-but-irrelevant objects. In the present study, we examined whether this limitation in the sharpness of attentional control following search strategy switches depends on individual working memory capacity. Similar methods to Lien et al.’s were used except that we measured individual working memory capacity using a change detection task. We found that low-capacity individuals are no more susceptible to capture by distractors while switching search strategies. These results indicate that the inability of attentional control system to rapidly and fully switch between different search settings is not associated with memory capacity. Title: Memory capacity in switching search strategies: Are low-capacity individuals more susceptible to capture by distractors? Author: Thompson, Lane, Naylor, Jamie Lien, Ruthruff, and Naylor (2014) recently reported that switching target search strategies (e.g., from identifying the letter that is uniquely colored [singleton search] to the letter that has a specific color [feature search] or vice versa) made the attentional system more vulnerable to capture by salient-but-irrelevant objects. In the present study, we examined whether this limitation in the sharpness of attentional control following search strategy switches depends on individual working memory capacity. Similar methods to Lien et al.’s were used except that we measured individual working memory capacity using a change detection task. We found that low-capacity individuals are no more susceptible to capture by distractors while switching search strategies. These results indicate that the inability of attentional control system to rapidly and fully switch between different search settings is not associated with memory capacity. Close

• 26. [Article] Fishing Capacity of Georgian Anchovy Fishery

  Abstract only.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Fishing Capacity of Georgian Anchovy Fishery Author: Bilashvili, Kakhaber, García del Hoyo, Juan José, Castilla Espino, David, Metreveli, Maya Abstract only. Title: Fishing Capacity of Georgian Anchovy Fishery Author: Bilashvili, Kakhaber, García del Hoyo, Juan José, Castilla Espino, David, Metreveli, Maya Abstract only. Close

• 27. [Article] The Role of Capacity Regulations in Compliance

  Abstract Only

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The Role of Capacity Regulations in Compliance Author: Nostbakken, Linda, Lazkano, Itziar Abstract Only Title: The Role of Capacity Regulations in Compliance Author: Nostbakken, Linda, Lazkano, Itziar Abstract Only Close

• 28. [Article] Geographic and seasonal variation in photosynthetic efficiency and capacity of Rocky Mountain Douglas-fir, Pseudotsuga menziesii var. glauca

  Net photosynthesis was measured for photosynthetic light efficiency and capacity on two-year-old plants from eight different seed sources in three measurement periods. The measurement periods corresponded ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Geographic and seasonal variation in photosynthetic efficiency and capacity of Rocky Mountain Douglas-fir, Pseudotsuga menziesii var. glauca Author: Pope, Walter William Net photosynthesis was measured for photosynthetic light efficiency and capacity on two-year-old plants from eight different seed sources in three measurement periods. The measurement periods corresponded to the physiological periods 1) prior to bud swelling, 2) after needle elongation, and 3) predormancy. Measurement period differences in both photosynthetic efficiency and capacity were apparent. The pre-bud swelling period had the lowest capacity and efficiency, the pre-dormancy period had the highest capacity and efficiency, and the intermediate period was between the two other periods in capacity and efficiency. Seven seed sources from regions within the Rocky Mountains and one hybrid of Coastal X Arizona origin represented populations from which seedlings were raised and measured. There were no apparent differences with respect to seed-source photosynthetic capacity. There were seed source related differences in photosynthetic light efficiency. The seedlings from the northern Rocky Mountain seed sources had a greater light efficiency than those from the southern-Rocky Mountains. These differences in photosynthetic light efficiency may be linked to summer drought adaption. The Lambert-Beers law type light intensity correction is promising in achieving a better estimate of photosynthetic light efficiency. This light intensity correction is based on the individual plant's morphology, needle number, needle length and needle area. Stomatal conductance was an important covariable in photosynthetic capacity. The light intensity correction and stomatal conductance accentuated seedling differences. This accentuation is viewed as the plant's adapting to the given set of conditions in the growing environment with physiological responses as well as developmental and/Or morphological responses. Title: Geographic and seasonal variation in photosynthetic efficiency and capacity of Rocky Mountain Douglas-fir, Pseudotsuga menziesii var. glauca Author: Pope, Walter William Net photosynthesis was measured for photosynthetic light efficiency and capacity on two-year-old plants from eight different seed sources in three measurement periods. The measurement periods corresponded to the physiological periods 1) prior to bud swelling, 2) after needle elongation, and 3) predormancy. Measurement period differences in both photosynthetic efficiency and capacity were apparent. The pre-bud swelling period had the lowest capacity and efficiency, the pre-dormancy period had the highest capacity and efficiency, and the intermediate period was between the two other periods in capacity and efficiency. Seven seed sources from regions within the Rocky Mountains and one hybrid of Coastal X Arizona origin represented populations from which seedlings were raised and measured. There were no apparent differences with respect to seed-source photosynthetic capacity. There were seed source related differences in photosynthetic light efficiency. The seedlings from the northern Rocky Mountain seed sources had a greater light efficiency than those from the southern-Rocky Mountains. These differences in photosynthetic light efficiency may be linked to summer drought adaption. The Lambert-Beers law type light intensity correction is promising in achieving a better estimate of photosynthetic light efficiency. This light intensity correction is based on the individual plant's morphology, needle number, needle length and needle area. Stomatal conductance was an important covariable in photosynthetic capacity. The light intensity correction and stomatal conductance accentuated seedling differences. This accentuation is viewed as the plant's adapting to the given set of conditions in the growing environment with physiological responses as well as developmental and/Or morphological responses. Close

• 29. [Article] Institutional capacity building through land and water stewardship integration- an analysis of source water protection in Corvallis, Oregon

  Globally, access to safe, reliable drinking water sources is a major challenge of this generation. Protected sources of drinking water provide communities with a sustainable, vital resource, yet many public ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Institutional capacity building through land and water stewardship integration- an analysis of source water protection in Corvallis, Oregon Author: Odom, Olivia Globally, access to safe, reliable drinking water sources is a major challenge of this generation. Protected sources of drinking water provide communities with a sustainable, vital resource, yet many public water suppliers lack legal authority over their source water protection (SWP) area, especially in surface water systems. Absence of legal authority and ownership restricts institutional capacity. In the absence of legal authority and land ownership, strong social capacity supplements weak institutional capacity for SWP. Using a case study approach, this paper presents a national experience survey of municipal approaches to increasing institutional capacity for SWP; details SWP programs of two similar municipalities; uses those findings to inform the creation of a SWP plan in Corvallis, Oregon with particular attention paid to the augmentation of institutional capacity by integration with existing environmental stewardship organizations; compares institutional outcomes; and finds that social capacity maximization is a viable approach to SWP. Title: Institutional capacity building through land and water stewardship integration- an analysis of source water protection in Corvallis, Oregon Author: Odom, Olivia Globally, access to safe, reliable drinking water sources is a major challenge of this generation. Protected sources of drinking water provide communities with a sustainable, vital resource, yet many public water suppliers lack legal authority over their source water protection (SWP) area, especially in surface water systems. Absence of legal authority and ownership restricts institutional capacity. In the absence of legal authority and land ownership, strong social capacity supplements weak institutional capacity for SWP. Using a case study approach, this paper presents a national experience survey of municipal approaches to increasing institutional capacity for SWP; details SWP programs of two similar municipalities; uses those findings to inform the creation of a SWP plan in Corvallis, Oregon with particular attention paid to the augmentation of institutional capacity by integration with existing environmental stewardship organizations; compares institutional outcomes; and finds that social capacity maximization is a viable approach to SWP. Close

• 30. [Article] Unsaturated Soils and Foundation Design : Theoretical Considerations for an Effective Stress Framework

  This study presents the theoretical background necessary to model the bearing capacity of shallow and deep foundations in partially saturated soils. The conventional bearing capacity equations for shallow ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Unsaturated Soils and Foundation Design : Theoretical Considerations for an Effective Stress Framework Author: Baker, Josiah D. This study presents the theoretical background necessary to model the bearing capacity of shallow and deep foundations in partially saturated soils. The conventional bearing capacity equations for shallow and deep foundations and the ?-method for deep foundation side resistance have been modified to include the effects of matric suction and varying water contents according to the effective stress framework. A closed-form solution has been proposed for the bearing capacity equation that modifies the overburden, unit weight, and cohesion terms in the conventional equation. The ?-method has been modified to consider suction stresses along the deep foundation and a reduction in K₀ due to tension cracking near the surface. The modified bearing capacity equation for shallow foundations shows good agreement to load-tests performed in partially saturated soils. Monte Carlo simulations were performed on silt loams, sands, and clays to characterize variance and distribution of bearing capacity. The results show that silts have the largest variance while clays have the smallest variance in predicted bearing capacity. Title: Unsaturated Soils and Foundation Design : Theoretical Considerations for an Effective Stress Framework Author: Baker, Josiah D. This study presents the theoretical background necessary to model the bearing capacity of shallow and deep foundations in partially saturated soils. The conventional bearing capacity equations for shallow and deep foundations and the ?-method for deep foundation side resistance have been modified to include the effects of matric suction and varying water contents according to the effective stress framework. A closed-form solution has been proposed for the bearing capacity equation that modifies the overburden, unit weight, and cohesion terms in the conventional equation. The ?-method has been modified to consider suction stresses along the deep foundation and a reduction in K₀ due to tension cracking near the surface. The modified bearing capacity equation for shallow foundations shows good agreement to load-tests performed in partially saturated soils. Monte Carlo simulations were performed on silt loams, sands, and clays to characterize variance and distribution of bearing capacity. The results show that silts have the largest variance while clays have the smallest variance in predicted bearing capacity. Close