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• 11. [Article] Trends in stream nitrogen concentrations for forested reference catchments across the USA

  This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by IOP Publishing and can be found at: http://iopscience.iop.org/1748-9326. To the best of our knowledge, one or more authors of ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Trends in stream nitrogen concentrations for forested reference catchments across the USA Author: Rhoades, C. C., Sebestyen, S. D., Ice, G. G., Campbell, J. L., McDowell, W. H., Adams, M. B., Argerich, A., Scatena, F. N., Likens, G. E., Johnson, S. L., Greathouse, E., Knoepp, J. D. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by IOP Publishing and can be found at: http://iopscience.iop.org/1748-9326. To the best of our knowledge, one or more authors of this paper were federal employees when contributing to this work. Title: Trends in stream nitrogen concentrations for forested reference catchments across the USA Author: Rhoades, C. C., Sebestyen, S. D., Ice, G. G., Campbell, J. L., McDowell, W. H., Adams, M. B., Argerich, A., Scatena, F. N., Likens, G. E., Johnson, S. L., Greathouse, E., Knoepp, J. D. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by IOP Publishing and can be found at: http://iopscience.iop.org/1748-9326. To the best of our knowledge, one or more authors of this paper were federal employees when contributing to this work. Close

• 12. [Article] Trends in stream nitrogen concentrations for forested reference catchments across the USA

  To the best of our knowledge, one or more authors of this paper were federal employees when contributing to this work. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by Institute ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Trends in stream nitrogen concentrations for forested reference catchments across the USA Author: Rhoades, C. C., Sebestyen, S. D., Ice, G. G., Campbell, J. L., McDowell, W. H., Adams, M. B., Argerich, A., Scatena, F. N., Knoepp, J. D., Johnson, S. L., Likens, G. E., Greathouse, E. To the best of our knowledge, one or more authors of this paper were federal employees when contributing to this work. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by Institute of Physics and can be found at: http://www.iop.org/about/governance/iopp/page_38752.html. Title: Trends in stream nitrogen concentrations for forested reference catchments across the USA Author: Rhoades, C. C., Sebestyen, S. D., Ice, G. G., Campbell, J. L., McDowell, W. H., Adams, M. B., Argerich, A., Scatena, F. N., Knoepp, J. D., Johnson, S. L., Likens, G. E., Greathouse, E. To the best of our knowledge, one or more authors of this paper were federal employees when contributing to this work. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by Institute of Physics and can be found at: http://www.iop.org/about/governance/iopp/page_38752.html. Close

• 13. [Article] Long-Term Citizen-Collected Data Reveal Geographical Patterns and Temporal Trends in Lake Water Clarity

  To the best of our knowledge, one or more authors of this paper were federal employees when contributing to this work. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The article was published by the Public Library ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Long-Term Citizen-Collected Data Reveal Geographical Patterns and Temporal Trends in Lake Water Clarity Author: Henry, Emily Norton, et al., Wagner, Tyler, Lottig, Noah R. To the best of our knowledge, one or more authors of this paper were federal employees when contributing to this work. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The article was published by the Public Library of Science and is in the public domain. The published article can be found at: http://www.plosone.org/. Title: Long-Term Citizen-Collected Data Reveal Geographical Patterns and Temporal Trends in Lake Water Clarity Author: Henry, Emily Norton, et al., Wagner, Tyler, Lottig, Noah R. To the best of our knowledge, one or more authors of this paper were federal employees when contributing to this work. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The article was published by the Public Library of Science and is in the public domain. The published article can be found at: http://www.plosone.org/. Close

• 14. [Article] The development of masculine sex role stereotypes : sex differences in verbal interruptive behavior between first grade students and male and female teachers

  Male dominance in conversation is encouraged by the adult socialization pattern in which men routinely interrupt the conversation of women and develop a topic out of turn. The purpose of this study was ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The development of masculine sex role stereotypes : sex differences in verbal interruptive behavior between first grade students and male and female teachers Author: Edberg, Patricia Tanner Male dominance in conversation is encouraged by the adult socialization pattern in which men routinely interrupt the conversation of women and develop a topic out of turn. The purpose of this study was to investigate verbal interruptive behavior by utilizing an experimental approach focusing on children's interruptions and teacher responses to this behavior. Another purpose is to determine if, by the end of the first grade, male students interrupted their teachers more than female students. Two first grade teachers, one male and one female, were used. Each had two years of teaching experience. Classes consisted of 20 boys and 19 girls, all from predominantly White, middle-class backgrounds. There were 15 observation sessions of 25 minutes in each classroom. A frequency count of verbal interactions, interruptions and types of responses was made. These data were put into a contingency table from which the chi-square statistic was calculated as a test for significance. The Yates correction for continuity was used for types of responses. Interaction graphs were constructed to indicate possible trends. Significance was established at the .01 level of significance. The hypotheses tested in the study were: (1) there is no significant difference between male and female teachers in the number of verbal interactions with students, regardless of the sex of the student; (2) there is no significant difference between male and female teachers in the number of verbal interactions with students, regardless of the sex of the teacher; (3) there is no significant difference between male and female teachers in the number of interruptions of the teacher by the students, regardless of the sex of the student; (4) there is no significant difference between male and female teachers in the number of interruptions of the teacher by the student, regardless of the sex of the teacher; (5) there is no significant difference in the types of teachers' responses to interruptions by students, regardless of the sex of the student; and (6) there is no significant difference in the types of teachers' responses to interruptions by students, regardless of the sex of the teacher. Analysis of the data resulted in the retention of all six hypotheses, Trends allowed for extrapolation beyond the observed frequencies in order to support speculation about what could occur with a larger N. A trend emerged which suggested that the female teacher had fewer verbal interactions with the girls in her class than with the boys. There was no trend for differences in number of interruptions. A differential pattern of types of responses to interruptions occurred. One trend suggested female teachers gave more positive responses to boy than to girl students, and another trend suggested that boys received more negative responses from the female teacher than received by the girls. There was also a trend suggesting that the boys received more neutral responses than the girls from the male teacher. There was a trend suggesting that the female teacher used positive responses to boys more often than the male teacher, and a trend suggesting that the boys received more negative responses from the female teacher than the male teacher. There was also a trend suggesting that the female teacher used neutral responses to the girls more often than the male teacher. Title: The development of masculine sex role stereotypes : sex differences in verbal interruptive behavior between first grade students and male and female teachers Author: Edberg, Patricia Tanner Male dominance in conversation is encouraged by the adult socialization pattern in which men routinely interrupt the conversation of women and develop a topic out of turn. The purpose of this study was to investigate verbal interruptive behavior by utilizing an experimental approach focusing on children's interruptions and teacher responses to this behavior. Another purpose is to determine if, by the end of the first grade, male students interrupted their teachers more than female students. Two first grade teachers, one male and one female, were used. Each had two years of teaching experience. Classes consisted of 20 boys and 19 girls, all from predominantly White, middle-class backgrounds. There were 15 observation sessions of 25 minutes in each classroom. A frequency count of verbal interactions, interruptions and types of responses was made. These data were put into a contingency table from which the chi-square statistic was calculated as a test for significance. The Yates correction for continuity was used for types of responses. Interaction graphs were constructed to indicate possible trends. Significance was established at the .01 level of significance. The hypotheses tested in the study were: (1) there is no significant difference between male and female teachers in the number of verbal interactions with students, regardless of the sex of the student; (2) there is no significant difference between male and female teachers in the number of verbal interactions with students, regardless of the sex of the teacher; (3) there is no significant difference between male and female teachers in the number of interruptions of the teacher by the students, regardless of the sex of the student; (4) there is no significant difference between male and female teachers in the number of interruptions of the teacher by the student, regardless of the sex of the teacher; (5) there is no significant difference in the types of teachers' responses to interruptions by students, regardless of the sex of the student; and (6) there is no significant difference in the types of teachers' responses to interruptions by students, regardless of the sex of the teacher. Analysis of the data resulted in the retention of all six hypotheses, Trends allowed for extrapolation beyond the observed frequencies in order to support speculation about what could occur with a larger N. A trend emerged which suggested that the female teacher had fewer verbal interactions with the girls in her class than with the boys. There was no trend for differences in number of interruptions. A differential pattern of types of responses to interruptions occurred. One trend suggested female teachers gave more positive responses to boy than to girl students, and another trend suggested that boys received more negative responses from the female teacher than received by the girls. There was also a trend suggesting that the boys received more neutral responses than the girls from the male teacher. There was a trend suggesting that the female teacher used positive responses to boys more often than the male teacher, and a trend suggesting that the boys received more negative responses from the female teacher than the male teacher. There was also a trend suggesting that the female teacher used neutral responses to the girls more often than the male teacher. Close

• 15. [Article] Trends in streamflow above and below dams across the Columbia River basin from 1950 to 2012 : assessing sub-basin sensitivity

  Climate change, combined with population growth, is expected to exacerbate water scarcity globally. In the Columbia River basin (CRB), streamflow is managed for multiple objectives with a network of dams ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Trends in streamflow above and below dams across the Columbia River basin from 1950 to 2012 : assessing sub-basin sensitivity Author: Hammond, John C. (John Christophe) Climate change, combined with population growth, is expected to exacerbate water scarcity globally. In the Columbia River basin (CRB), streamflow is managed for multiple objectives with a network of dams and reservoirs distributed throughout the basin that may mitigate climate change effects on water scarcity. This study quantified trends in daily streamflow from 1950-2012 in 28 pairs of gages above and below dams in the CRB, including the U.S. and Canada. Each gage pair consisted of an above-dam gage that is primarily forested and has little apparent human disturbance and minimal flow regulation or diversions, combined with a below-dam gage immediately downstream of a major dam and reservoir. Monthly streamflow and precipitation for a total of 59 sites was correlated with monthly indices of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO), the Northern Pacific Index (NPI), the Pacific North America pattern (PNA), and the 700-millibar wind speeds (u700) using Pearson's r. Long-term trends and patterns in daily streamflow and climate data were estimated using linear regression, the Mann-Kendall test, and wavelet analysis. Streamflow was generally weakly correlated with NPI, PNA, and PDO, while positively correlated with upper elevation wind speed at low elevations during wet months. Fewer than half of above-dam gages in the CRB have experienced increasing trends in daily streamflow from mid-March to the beginning of May over the period 1950 to 2012, whereas a majority has experienced decreasing trends from the middle of May to the middle of October. These trends in above-dam basins are consistent with trends expected from climate change, but they also may be affected by legacies of past forest harvest or wildfire. Below dams, reservoir management appears to have overwritten the signal of earlier snowmelt, except in the Boise sub-basin, but long-term declines in late summer flows were evident at half of below-dam sites. Declining summer flows below dams were attributable to a variety of factors, including changes in reservoir management as well as reservoir management that propagates signals from above dam catchments, such as climate change or forest-harvest legacy effects on streamflow. There have been very few significant changes in annual flow volume throughout the basin, and these streamflow trends represent a small percentage of annual flow volume; thus, observed trends appear to be shifts in timing rather than shifts in the annual water balance. The magnitude of 60-yr declines in late summer flow in above-dam catchments represents only a few percent of annual yield, and much less than the storage capacity of the dams, but these long-term changes may be quite important for water yield during the late summer low-flow period. These findings are relevant for strategies to adaptively manage water resources in light of the ongoing planning for renegotiation of the U.S.-Canada Columbia River Treaty. Title: Trends in streamflow above and below dams across the Columbia River basin from 1950 to 2012 : assessing sub-basin sensitivity Author: Hammond, John C. (John Christophe) Climate change, combined with population growth, is expected to exacerbate water scarcity globally. In the Columbia River basin (CRB), streamflow is managed for multiple objectives with a network of dams and reservoirs distributed throughout the basin that may mitigate climate change effects on water scarcity. This study quantified trends in daily streamflow from 1950-2012 in 28 pairs of gages above and below dams in the CRB, including the U.S. and Canada. Each gage pair consisted of an above-dam gage that is primarily forested and has little apparent human disturbance and minimal flow regulation or diversions, combined with a below-dam gage immediately downstream of a major dam and reservoir. Monthly streamflow and precipitation for a total of 59 sites was correlated with monthly indices of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO), the Northern Pacific Index (NPI), the Pacific North America pattern (PNA), and the 700-millibar wind speeds (u700) using Pearson's r. Long-term trends and patterns in daily streamflow and climate data were estimated using linear regression, the Mann-Kendall test, and wavelet analysis. Streamflow was generally weakly correlated with NPI, PNA, and PDO, while positively correlated with upper elevation wind speed at low elevations during wet months. Fewer than half of above-dam gages in the CRB have experienced increasing trends in daily streamflow from mid-March to the beginning of May over the period 1950 to 2012, whereas a majority has experienced decreasing trends from the middle of May to the middle of October. These trends in above-dam basins are consistent with trends expected from climate change, but they also may be affected by legacies of past forest harvest or wildfire. Below dams, reservoir management appears to have overwritten the signal of earlier snowmelt, except in the Boise sub-basin, but long-term declines in late summer flows were evident at half of below-dam sites. Declining summer flows below dams were attributable to a variety of factors, including changes in reservoir management as well as reservoir management that propagates signals from above dam catchments, such as climate change or forest-harvest legacy effects on streamflow. There have been very few significant changes in annual flow volume throughout the basin, and these streamflow trends represent a small percentage of annual flow volume; thus, observed trends appear to be shifts in timing rather than shifts in the annual water balance. The magnitude of 60-yr declines in late summer flow in above-dam catchments represents only a few percent of annual yield, and much less than the storage capacity of the dams, but these long-term changes may be quite important for water yield during the late summer low-flow period. These findings are relevant for strategies to adaptively manage water resources in light of the ongoing planning for renegotiation of the U.S.-Canada Columbia River Treaty. Close

• 16. [Article] Gravity anomalies and their structural implications for the southern Oregon Cascade Mountains and adjoining Basin and Range province

  Gravity measurements made during 1979 and 1980, combined with existing gravity measurements, provide data for the interpretation of upper crustal structures relevant to the assessment of the geothermal potential ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Gravity anomalies and their structural implications for the southern Oregon Cascade Mountains and adjoining Basin and Range province Author: Veen, Cynthia A. Gravity measurements made during 1979 and 1980, combined with existing gravity measurements, provide data for the interpretation of upper crustal structures relevant to the assessment of the geothermal potential of south-central Oregon. West of Upper Klamath Lake, free-air gravity anomalies trend north-south and average near 35 mgals. East of Upper Klamath Lake, free-air gravity anomalies trend west to northwest, and average near ten mgals. The complete Bouguer anomaly field exhibits a regional gradient of nearly .4 mgals/km, which is attributed to the existence of a low-density upper mantle layer beneath the Basin and Range province. The large northwest-trending negative anomaly associated with the Klamath graben suggests a depth of low-density fill of up to 2300 m (7500 feet). The regional gravity field exhibits a broad regional high over the area surrounding Klamath Falls which may be caused by a shallow mantle or a large intrusive body at depth, or may simply be due to intense silicification of the area by thermal waters. The residual anomaly field exhibits broad bands of positive anomalies which enclose the negative anomaly associated with the Klamath graben. The easternmost of these broad, positive trends may correspond to the eastern flank of an anticline which may have existed prior to graben faulting. Positive anomalies west of the graben coincide with the Mount McLoughlin lineament. A large positive anomaly located south of Sprague River is interpreted to be a volcanic center and the heat source for thermal waters found in the Sprague River Valley. A two-dimensional cross section near 42°26' N. latitude suggests that step-like faults form the west side of the Klamath graben. The model indicates the presence of a high density body south of Sprague River that is interpreted to be a buried volcanic source for local extrusive volcanic rocks. Northwest-trending gravity anomalies west of Upper Klamath Lake indicate that structural trends of the Basin and Range province extend into the Cascade Mountains, and suggest that a heat source for thermal waters may exist beneath the High Cascades, rather than beneath the areas which exhibit geothermal activity. Title: Gravity anomalies and their structural implications for the southern Oregon Cascade Mountains and adjoining Basin and Range province Author: Veen, Cynthia A. Gravity measurements made during 1979 and 1980, combined with existing gravity measurements, provide data for the interpretation of upper crustal structures relevant to the assessment of the geothermal potential of south-central Oregon. West of Upper Klamath Lake, free-air gravity anomalies trend north-south and average near 35 mgals. East of Upper Klamath Lake, free-air gravity anomalies trend west to northwest, and average near ten mgals. The complete Bouguer anomaly field exhibits a regional gradient of nearly .4 mgals/km, which is attributed to the existence of a low-density upper mantle layer beneath the Basin and Range province. The large northwest-trending negative anomaly associated with the Klamath graben suggests a depth of low-density fill of up to 2300 m (7500 feet). The regional gravity field exhibits a broad regional high over the area surrounding Klamath Falls which may be caused by a shallow mantle or a large intrusive body at depth, or may simply be due to intense silicification of the area by thermal waters. The residual anomaly field exhibits broad bands of positive anomalies which enclose the negative anomaly associated with the Klamath graben. The easternmost of these broad, positive trends may correspond to the eastern flank of an anticline which may have existed prior to graben faulting. Positive anomalies west of the graben coincide with the Mount McLoughlin lineament. A large positive anomaly located south of Sprague River is interpreted to be a volcanic center and the heat source for thermal waters found in the Sprague River Valley. A two-dimensional cross section near 42°26' N. latitude suggests that step-like faults form the west side of the Klamath graben. The model indicates the presence of a high density body south of Sprague River that is interpreted to be a buried volcanic source for local extrusive volcanic rocks. Northwest-trending gravity anomalies west of Upper Klamath Lake indicate that structural trends of the Basin and Range province extend into the Cascade Mountains, and suggest that a heat source for thermal waters may exist beneath the High Cascades, rather than beneath the areas which exhibit geothermal activity. Close

• 17. [Article] Trends in wilderness use and their social and ecological implications

  Three studies were performed in Oregon wildernesses. The first used wilderness permit and trailhead registration data to evaluate trends in use of Three Sisters, Mt. Jefferson, and Eagle Cap Wildernesses ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Trends in wilderness use and their social and ecological implications Author: Hall, Troy E. Three studies were performed in Oregon wildernesses. The first used wilderness permit and trailhead registration data to evaluate trends in use of Three Sisters, Mt. Jefferson, and Eagle Cap Wildernesses from 1976 to 1994. Recreational visitor days were found to have declined, but the number of visits increased dramatically, because of large increases in the number of day users. These findings are counter to conclusions drawn in earlier research on national use trends and highlight the importance of the unit of measure to interpretation of trends. Trends implied by permit data differed from trends estimated by Forest Service personnel, and implications for Forest Service reporting are discussed. The second study compared day and overnight visitors to three high-use destinations in terms of their perception of social and ecological impacts of wilderness recreation, evaluation of impacts, and support for management actions. Overnight users were more likely to notice impacts, but predicted differences in reaction to impacts and support for management actions were not found. The only exception was that overnight users were more likely to object to management actions that would target overnight users. Results showed significant differences among study sites. The third study tested four methods of revegetating impacted campsites: scarification, importing organic material, transplanting, and transplanting with watering. These commonly used methods have not been systematically investigated previously. Six campsites in Three Sisters Wilderness were treated in 1991 and reevaluated in 1994. Importing organic material and scarification were found to improve vegetation recovery and species richness very little compared to controls, but both transplanting techniques had significant effects, often because of the presence of other species or propagules in the transplanted plugs. Watering was found to have no effect on the survival of transplanted mountain hemlock seedlings. Vegetative recovery was very slow with even the most effective treatments, which reinforces recommendations that managers adopt strategies of concentrating use. Title: Trends in wilderness use and their social and ecological implications Author: Hall, Troy E. Three studies were performed in Oregon wildernesses. The first used wilderness permit and trailhead registration data to evaluate trends in use of Three Sisters, Mt. Jefferson, and Eagle Cap Wildernesses from 1976 to 1994. Recreational visitor days were found to have declined, but the number of visits increased dramatically, because of large increases in the number of day users. These findings are counter to conclusions drawn in earlier research on national use trends and highlight the importance of the unit of measure to interpretation of trends. Trends implied by permit data differed from trends estimated by Forest Service personnel, and implications for Forest Service reporting are discussed. The second study compared day and overnight visitors to three high-use destinations in terms of their perception of social and ecological impacts of wilderness recreation, evaluation of impacts, and support for management actions. Overnight users were more likely to notice impacts, but predicted differences in reaction to impacts and support for management actions were not found. The only exception was that overnight users were more likely to object to management actions that would target overnight users. Results showed significant differences among study sites. The third study tested four methods of revegetating impacted campsites: scarification, importing organic material, transplanting, and transplanting with watering. These commonly used methods have not been systematically investigated previously. Six campsites in Three Sisters Wilderness were treated in 1991 and reevaluated in 1994. Importing organic material and scarification were found to improve vegetation recovery and species richness very little compared to controls, but both transplanting techniques had significant effects, often because of the presence of other species or propagules in the transplanted plugs. Watering was found to have no effect on the survival of transplanted mountain hemlock seedlings. Vegetative recovery was very slow with even the most effective treatments, which reinforces recommendations that managers adopt strategies of concentrating use. Close

• 18. [Article] Seasonal Climate Variability and Change in the Pacific Northwest of the United States

  This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by the American Meteorological Society and can be found at: http://journals.ametsoc.org/loi/clim.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Seasonal Climate Variability and Change in the Pacific Northwest of the United States Author: Rupp, David E., Abatzoglou, John T., Mote, Philip W. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by the American Meteorological Society and can be found at: http://journals.ametsoc.org/loi/clim. Title: Seasonal Climate Variability and Change in the Pacific Northwest of the United States Author: Rupp, David E., Abatzoglou, John T., Mote, Philip W. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by the American Meteorological Society and can be found at: http://journals.ametsoc.org/loi/clim. Close

• 19. [Article] Geochronology of age-progressive volcanism of the Oregon High Lava Plains : implications for the plume interpretation of Yellowstone

  copyrighted by American Geophysical Union

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Geochronology of age-progressive volcanism of the Oregon High Lava Plains : implications for the plume interpretation of Yellowstone Author: Deino, Alan L., Grunder, Anita L., Duncan, Robert A., Jordan, Brennan T. copyrighted by American Geophysical Union Title: Geochronology of age-progressive volcanism of the Oregon High Lava Plains : implications for the plume interpretation of Yellowstone Author: Deino, Alan L., Grunder, Anita L., Duncan, Robert A., Jordan, Brennan T. copyrighted by American Geophysical Union Close

• 20. [Article] Integrating Megacities, Seafood Market Trends in the Assessment of Fisheries Ecosystems: What can Price Trends of Sashimi Species tell us about Marine Fisheries of Southeastern Brazil?

  Abstract only

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Integrating Megacities, Seafood Market Trends in the Assessment of Fisheries Ecosystems: What can Price Trends of Sashimi Species tell us about Marine Fisheries of Southeastern Brazil? Author: Pincinato, Ruth, Rodrigues, Amanda, Gasalla, Maria Abstract only Title: Integrating Megacities, Seafood Market Trends in the Assessment of Fisheries Ecosystems: What can Price Trends of Sashimi Species tell us about Marine Fisheries of Southeastern Brazil? Author: Pincinato, Ruth, Rodrigues, Amanda, Gasalla, Maria Abstract only Close