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• 11. [Article] Effects of juvenile steelhead on juvenile chinook salmon behavior and physiology

  Experiments were designed to determine whether and how steelhead Oncorhynchus mykiss affect chinook salmon O. tshawytscha when the two species are confined together. In a behavioral experiment, we observed ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Effects of juvenile steelhead on juvenile chinook salmon behavior and physiology Author: Schreck, Carl B., Congleton, J. L., Kelsey, D. A., Davis, L. E. Experiments were designed to determine whether and how steelhead Oncorhynchus mykiss affect chinook salmon O. tshawytscha when the two species are confined together. In a behavioral experiment, we observed groups of juvenile chinook salmon and steelhead together and groups of chinook salmon alone to determine whether the steelhead were aggressive and their presence changed the behavior of chinook salmon. We also performed two runs of a physiological experiment to determine whether the addition of steelhead to tanks containing chinook salmon would stress the chinook salmon, as determined by a change in their plasma cortisol levels. Behavioral changes were observed in the chinook salmon when they were held with steelhead; they reduced their movements, darted less, were attacked up to 16 times as often, and were found less frequently in the shade than chinook salmon held without steelhead. Steelhead were found to establish territories and defend them with chases, charges, and nips. In their attempts to establish and defend territories, the steelhead attacked the chinook salmon as often as they attacked other steelhead, but the chinook salmon showed little aggression toward the steelhead. Cortisol concentrations were significantly higher for chinook salmon in tanks receiving steelhead than in tanks receiving additional chinook salmon or no additional fish after 2 h (in one of the two experimental runs) and after 32 h (in both experimental runs; combined data). These results suggest that confining steelhead and chinook salmon together, such as in raceways and barges in the Columbia River system and in other situations, is stressful to the chinook salmon. Title: Effects of juvenile steelhead on juvenile chinook salmon behavior and physiology Author: Schreck, Carl B., Congleton, J. L., Kelsey, D. A., Davis, L. E. Experiments were designed to determine whether and how steelhead Oncorhynchus mykiss affect chinook salmon O. tshawytscha when the two species are confined together. In a behavioral experiment, we observed groups of juvenile chinook salmon and steelhead together and groups of chinook salmon alone to determine whether the steelhead were aggressive and their presence changed the behavior of chinook salmon. We also performed two runs of a physiological experiment to determine whether the addition of steelhead to tanks containing chinook salmon would stress the chinook salmon, as determined by a change in their plasma cortisol levels. Behavioral changes were observed in the chinook salmon when they were held with steelhead; they reduced their movements, darted less, were attacked up to 16 times as often, and were found less frequently in the shade than chinook salmon held without steelhead. Steelhead were found to establish territories and defend them with chases, charges, and nips. In their attempts to establish and defend territories, the steelhead attacked the chinook salmon as often as they attacked other steelhead, but the chinook salmon showed little aggression toward the steelhead. Cortisol concentrations were significantly higher for chinook salmon in tanks receiving steelhead than in tanks receiving additional chinook salmon or no additional fish after 2 h (in one of the two experimental runs) and after 32 h (in both experimental runs; combined data). These results suggest that confining steelhead and chinook salmon together, such as in raceways and barges in the Columbia River system and in other situations, is stressful to the chinook salmon. Close

• 12. [Article] Spatial and Temporal Variability of Macroinvertebrates in Spawning and Non-Spawning Habitats during a Salmon Run in Southeast Alaska

  This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by PLoS ONE and can be found at: http://www.plosone.org/home.action.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Spatial and Temporal Variability of Macroinvertebrates in Spawning and Non-Spawning Habitats during a Salmon Run in Southeast Alaska Author: Merritt, Richard W., Campbell, Emily Y., Benbow, M. Eric, Cummins, Kenneth W. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by PLoS ONE and can be found at: http://www.plosone.org/home.action. Title: Spatial and Temporal Variability of Macroinvertebrates in Spawning and Non-Spawning Habitats during a Salmon Run in Southeast Alaska Author: Merritt, Richard W., Campbell, Emily Y., Benbow, M. Eric, Cummins, Kenneth W. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by PLoS ONE and can be found at: http://www.plosone.org/home.action. Close

• 13. [Article] When is bigger better? Early marine residence of middle and upper Columbia River spring Chinook salmon

  This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by Inter-Research and can be found at: http://www.int-res.com/journals/meps/meps-home/. To the best of our knowledge, one or more ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: When is bigger better? Early marine residence of middle and upper Columbia River spring Chinook salmon Author: Teel, David J., Miller, Jessica A., Tomaro, Londi M., Peterson, William T. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by Inter-Research and can be found at: http://www.int-res.com/journals/meps/meps-home/. To the best of our knowledge, one or more authors of this paper were federal employees when contributing to this work. Title: When is bigger better? Early marine residence of middle and upper Columbia River spring Chinook salmon Author: Teel, David J., Miller, Jessica A., Tomaro, Londi M., Peterson, William T. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by Inter-Research and can be found at: http://www.int-res.com/journals/meps/meps-home/. To the best of our knowledge, one or more authors of this paper were federal employees when contributing to this work. Close

• 14. [Article] Potential Effects of Management on Caspian Tern Hydroprogne caspia Predation on Juvenile Salmonids at a Colony in San Francisco Bay, California

  To the best of our knowledge, one or more authors of this paper were federal employees when contributing to this work. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is published by Taylor & ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Potential Effects of Management on Caspian Tern Hydroprogne caspia Predation on Juvenile Salmonids at a Colony in San Francisco Bay, California Author: Evans, Allen F., Adrean, Lindsay J., Roby, Daniel D., Lyons, Donald E., Collis, Ken To the best of our knowledge, one or more authors of this paper were federal employees when contributing to this work. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is published by Taylor & Francis and can be found at: http://www.taylorandfrancis.com. Copyrighted by American Fisheries Society (http://afsjournals.org/). Title: Potential Effects of Management on Caspian Tern Hydroprogne caspia Predation on Juvenile Salmonids at a Colony in San Francisco Bay, California Author: Evans, Allen F., Adrean, Lindsay J., Roby, Daniel D., Lyons, Donald E., Collis, Ken To the best of our knowledge, one or more authors of this paper were federal employees when contributing to this work. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is published by Taylor & Francis and can be found at: http://www.taylorandfrancis.com. Copyrighted by American Fisheries Society (http://afsjournals.org/). Close

• 15. [Article] Chinook salmon populations in Oregon coastal river basins : description of life histories and assessment of recent trends in run strengths

  Published March 1989. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Chinook salmon populations in Oregon coastal river basins : description of life histories and assessment of recent trends in run strengths Author: Hankin, David G., Oregon State University. Extension Service, Oregon. Fish Division, Nicholas, Jay W., Oregon. Dept. of Fish and Wildlife. Research and Development Section Published March 1989. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog Title: Chinook salmon populations in Oregon coastal river basins : description of life histories and assessment of recent trends in run strengths Author: Hankin, David G., Oregon State University. Extension Service, Oregon. Fish Division, Nicholas, Jay W., Oregon. Dept. of Fish and Wildlife. Research and Development Section Published March 1989. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog Close

• 16. [Article] Marine distributions of chinook salmon from the West Coast of North America determined by coded wire tag recoveries

  The coded wire tag (CWT) database contains detailed information on millions of Pacific salmon Oncorhynchus spp. released from hatcheries or smolt traps and recovered in the north Pacific Ocean and its ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Marine distributions of chinook salmon from the West Coast of North America determined by coded wire tag recoveries Author: Weitkamp, Laurie A. The coded wire tag (CWT) database contains detailed information on millions of Pacific salmon Oncorhynchus spp. released from hatcheries or smolt traps and recovered in the north Pacific Ocean and its tributaries. I used this data set to examine the spatial and temporal variation in the marine distributions of 77 hatchery and 16 wild populations of Chinook salmon O. tshawytscha based on recoveries of an estimated 632,000 tagged salmon in coastal waters from southern California to the Bering Sea during 1979–1994 (and 1995–2004 for select hatcheries). Chinook salmon showed 12 distinct region-specific recovery patterns. Chinook salmon originating in a common freshwater region had similar marine distributions, which were distinct from those of adjacent regions. Different run types (e.g., spring, summer, and fall runs) originating in the same region exhibited variation in their marine distributions consistent with recovery at different stages of their ocean residence period. Recovery patterns were surprisingly stable across years, despite high interannual variation in ocean conditions. By contrast, ocean age influenced recovery patterns, as older fish were recovered further from their natal stream than younger fish. Although most of the CWT data used in the analysis came from hatchery fish, recoveries of tagged wild populations indicate patterns similar to those of fish from nearby hatcheries. The consistency in these findings across broad geographic areas suggests that they apply to Chinook salmon across the entire Pacific Rim. Similar findings for tagged coho salmon O. kisutch indicate that the observed patterns may apply to Pacific salmon as a whole and provide a model for other highly migratory fishes that have not benefited from such intensive tagging programs. The results also have implications for the genetic control of migration and salmon’s ability to respond to climate change. Title: Marine distributions of chinook salmon from the West Coast of North America determined by coded wire tag recoveries Author: Weitkamp, Laurie A. The coded wire tag (CWT) database contains detailed information on millions of Pacific salmon Oncorhynchus spp. released from hatcheries or smolt traps and recovered in the north Pacific Ocean and its tributaries. I used this data set to examine the spatial and temporal variation in the marine distributions of 77 hatchery and 16 wild populations of Chinook salmon O. tshawytscha based on recoveries of an estimated 632,000 tagged salmon in coastal waters from southern California to the Bering Sea during 1979–1994 (and 1995–2004 for select hatcheries). Chinook salmon showed 12 distinct region-specific recovery patterns. Chinook salmon originating in a common freshwater region had similar marine distributions, which were distinct from those of adjacent regions. Different run types (e.g., spring, summer, and fall runs) originating in the same region exhibited variation in their marine distributions consistent with recovery at different stages of their ocean residence period. Recovery patterns were surprisingly stable across years, despite high interannual variation in ocean conditions. By contrast, ocean age influenced recovery patterns, as older fish were recovered further from their natal stream than younger fish. Although most of the CWT data used in the analysis came from hatchery fish, recoveries of tagged wild populations indicate patterns similar to those of fish from nearby hatcheries. The consistency in these findings across broad geographic areas suggests that they apply to Chinook salmon across the entire Pacific Rim. Similar findings for tagged coho salmon O. kisutch indicate that the observed patterns may apply to Pacific salmon as a whole and provide a model for other highly migratory fishes that have not benefited from such intensive tagging programs. The results also have implications for the genetic control of migration and salmon’s ability to respond to climate change. Close

• 17. [Article] Differential gene expression between fall- and spring-run Chinook salmon assessed by long serial analysis of gene expression

  Of all Pacific salmonids, Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha display the greatest variability in return times to freshwater. The molecular mechanisms of these differential return times have not been ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Differential gene expression between fall- and spring-run Chinook salmon assessed by long serial analysis of gene expression Author: Banks, Michael A., McArthur, Andrew G., Birkeland, Shanda R., Bernier, Jeremiah C., Cipriano, Michael J. Of all Pacific salmonids, Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha display the greatest variability in return times to freshwater. The molecular mechanisms of these differential return times have not been well described. Current methods, such as long serial analysis of gene expression (LongSAGE) and microarrays, allow gene expression to be analyzed for thousands of genes simultaneously. To investigate whether differential gene expression is observed between fall- and spring-run Chinook salmon from California's Central Valley, LongSAGE libraries were constructed. Three libraries containing between 25,512 and 29,372 sequenced tags (21 base pairs/tag) were generated using messenger RNA from the brains of adult Chinook salmon returning in fall and spring and from one ocean-caught Chinook salmon. Tags were annotated to genes using complementary DNA libraries from Atlantic salmon Salmo salar and rainbow trout O. mykiss. Differentially expressed genes, as estimated by differences in the number of sequence tags, were found in all pairwise comparisons of libraries (freshwater versus saltwater = 40 genes; fall versus spring = 11 genes; and spawning versus nonspawning = 51 genes). The gene for ependymin, an extracellular glycoprotein involved in behavioral plasticity in fish, exhibited the most differential expression among the three groupings. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis verified the differential expression of ependymin between the fall- and spring-run samples. These LongSAGE libraries, the first reported for Chinook salmon, provide a window of the transcriptional changes during Chinook salmon return migration to freshwater and spawning and increase the amount of expressed sequence data. Title: Differential gene expression between fall- and spring-run Chinook salmon assessed by long serial analysis of gene expression Author: Banks, Michael A., McArthur, Andrew G., Birkeland, Shanda R., Bernier, Jeremiah C., Cipriano, Michael J. Of all Pacific salmonids, Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha display the greatest variability in return times to freshwater. The molecular mechanisms of these differential return times have not been well described. Current methods, such as long serial analysis of gene expression (LongSAGE) and microarrays, allow gene expression to be analyzed for thousands of genes simultaneously. To investigate whether differential gene expression is observed between fall- and spring-run Chinook salmon from California's Central Valley, LongSAGE libraries were constructed. Three libraries containing between 25,512 and 29,372 sequenced tags (21 base pairs/tag) were generated using messenger RNA from the brains of adult Chinook salmon returning in fall and spring and from one ocean-caught Chinook salmon. Tags were annotated to genes using complementary DNA libraries from Atlantic salmon Salmo salar and rainbow trout O. mykiss. Differentially expressed genes, as estimated by differences in the number of sequence tags, were found in all pairwise comparisons of libraries (freshwater versus saltwater = 40 genes; fall versus spring = 11 genes; and spawning versus nonspawning = 51 genes). The gene for ependymin, an extracellular glycoprotein involved in behavioral plasticity in fish, exhibited the most differential expression among the three groupings. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis verified the differential expression of ependymin between the fall- and spring-run samples. These LongSAGE libraries, the first reported for Chinook salmon, provide a window of the transcriptional changes during Chinook salmon return migration to freshwater and spawning and increase the amount of expressed sequence data. Close

• 18. [Article] The value of short run in-stream temperature forecasts : an application to salmonids in the Klamath and John Day Rivers

  Water temperature is an important measure of water quality, as well as a dominant factor affecting aquatic life within the stream environment. Elevated water temperatures can decrease the survival rate ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The value of short run in-stream temperature forecasts : an application to salmonids in the Klamath and John Day Rivers Author: Huang, Biao Water temperature is an important measure of water quality, as well as a dominant factor affecting aquatic life within the stream environment. Elevated water temperatures can decrease the survival rate of fish in each life stage. Cold water species, such as salmonids, are particularly susceptible to elevated water temperatures. For example, increased water temperatures are believed to have been the major cause of the large fish kill observed in the Klamath River in September 2002. This thesis examines the economic value of short-term water temperature forecasts for salmonid management. Forecasts may have value if they allow the water resource manager to make more cost-effective water allocation decisions. Specifically, this study considers two applications. One is the case of adult Chinook salmon (O. tshawytscha) returning to the Lower Klamath River in California, where cold water could be released upstream from the Lewiston Dam into the Trinity River to lower The Klamath River water temperature. Water releases create opportunity costs because of foregone hydropower production and crop irrigation. The second application is to juvenile summer steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in the North Fork John Day River, where water could be purchased from agricultural uses to prevent excessive water temperature increases. This generates opportunity costs in the form of lower crop yields. This thesis incorporates bio-physical models and water temperature distribution data into a Bayesian framework to simulate the potential fish populations after ten generations and the corresponding opportunity cost of water under different forecast accuracies. Simulation results indicate that the marginal cost in the Klamath River decreases from about $80 per fish saved when the forecast standard deviation is 6 to about $40 when the forecast standard deviation is 0(perfect forecast). In the John Day River the marginal cost per fish decreases from $34 for a standard deviation of 6 to $29 for a standard deviation of 0. A key result of the thesis is the pattern of decreasing marginal costs as the forecast accuracy increases, suggesting that provision and use of such stream temperature forecasts would have value to society. Title: The value of short run in-stream temperature forecasts : an application to salmonids in the Klamath and John Day Rivers Author: Huang, Biao Water temperature is an important measure of water quality, as well as a dominant factor affecting aquatic life within the stream environment. Elevated water temperatures can decrease the survival rate of fish in each life stage. Cold water species, such as salmonids, are particularly susceptible to elevated water temperatures. For example, increased water temperatures are believed to have been the major cause of the large fish kill observed in the Klamath River in September 2002. This thesis examines the economic value of short-term water temperature forecasts for salmonid management. Forecasts may have value if they allow the water resource manager to make more cost-effective water allocation decisions. Specifically, this study considers two applications. One is the case of adult Chinook salmon (O. tshawytscha) returning to the Lower Klamath River in California, where cold water could be released upstream from the Lewiston Dam into the Trinity River to lower The Klamath River water temperature. Water releases create opportunity costs because of foregone hydropower production and crop irrigation. The second application is to juvenile summer steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in the North Fork John Day River, where water could be purchased from agricultural uses to prevent excessive water temperature increases. This generates opportunity costs in the form of lower crop yields. This thesis incorporates bio-physical models and water temperature distribution data into a Bayesian framework to simulate the potential fish populations after ten generations and the corresponding opportunity cost of water under different forecast accuracies. Simulation results indicate that the marginal cost in the Klamath River decreases from about $80 per fish saved when the forecast standard deviation is 6 to about $40 when the forecast standard deviation is 0(perfect forecast). In the John Day River the marginal cost per fish decreases from $34 for a standard deviation of 6 to $29 for a standard deviation of 0. A key result of the thesis is the pattern of decreasing marginal costs as the forecast accuracy increases, suggesting that provision and use of such stream temperature forecasts would have value to society. Close

• 19. [Article] Arctic Char Fish Farming in Iceland: Is it a Success?

  Suggested Bibliographic Reference: Challenging New Frontiers in the Global Seafood Sector: Proceedings of the Eighteenth Biennial Conference of the International Institute of Fisheries Economics and Trade, ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Arctic Char Fish Farming in Iceland: Is it a Success? Author: Arnason, Ragnar, Olafsdottir, Gudrun, Heimisson, Asgeir Fridrik Year: 2016 Suggested Bibliographic Reference: Challenging New Frontiers in the Global Seafood Sector: Proceedings of the Eighteenth Biennial Conference of the International Institute of Fisheries Economics and Trade, July 11-15, 2016. Compiled by Stefani J. Evers and Ann L. Shriver. International Institute of Fisheries Economics and Trade (IIFET), Corvallis, 2016. Title: Arctic Char Fish Farming in Iceland: Is it a Success? Author: Arnason, Ragnar, Olafsdottir, Gudrun, Heimisson, Asgeir Fridrik Year: 2016 Suggested Bibliographic Reference: Challenging New Frontiers in the Global Seafood Sector: Proceedings of the Eighteenth Biennial Conference of the International Institute of Fisheries Economics and Trade, July 11-15, 2016. Compiled by Stefani J. Evers and Ann L. Shriver. International Institute of Fisheries Economics and Trade (IIFET), Corvallis, 2016. Close

• 20. [Article] Riverscape Patterns among Years of Juvenile Coho Salmon in Midcoastal Oregon: Implications for Conservation

  To the best of our knowledge, one or more authors of this paper were federal employees when contributing to this work. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by Taylor ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Riverscape Patterns among Years of Juvenile Coho Salmon in Midcoastal Oregon: Implications for Conservation Author: Reeves, G., Flitcroft, R., Snyder, J., Burnett, K., Ganio, L. To the best of our knowledge, one or more authors of this paper were federal employees when contributing to this work. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by Taylor & Francis Inc. on behalf of the American Fisheries Society and can be found at: http://www.tandfonline.com/toc/utaf20/current#.Uxn53fPTmHs. Title: Riverscape Patterns among Years of Juvenile Coho Salmon in Midcoastal Oregon: Implications for Conservation Author: Reeves, G., Flitcroft, R., Snyder, J., Burnett, K., Ganio, L. To the best of our knowledge, one or more authors of this paper were federal employees when contributing to this work. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by Taylor & Francis Inc. on behalf of the American Fisheries Society and can be found at: http://www.tandfonline.com/toc/utaf20/current#.Uxn53fPTmHs. Close