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• 11. [Article] Calcium carbonate saturation states in the waters of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago and the Labrador Sea

  Ocean acidification is predicted to occur first in polar oceans. We investigated the saturation state of waters with respect to calcite (Wcal) and aragonite (Warg) in six sections along an Arctic outflow ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Calcium carbonate saturation states in the waters of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago and the Labrador Sea Author: Petrie, Biran, Azetsu-Scott, Kumiko, Starr, Michel, Hamilton, James, Falkner, Kelly, Prinsenberg, Simon, Lee, Craig, Yeats, Philip, Clarke, Allyn, Jones, E. Peter Ocean acidification is predicted to occur first in polar oceans. We investigated the saturation state of waters with respect to calcite (Wcal) and aragonite (Warg) in six sections along an Arctic outflow pathway through the Canadian Arctic Archipelago (CAA) and into the northwestern Atlantic using dissolved inorganic carbon and total alkalinity measurements from 2003 to 2005. The study area, a key region connecting the Arctic and the North Atlantic, includes Smith Sound, Barrow Strait, Baffin Bay, Davis Strait, Hudson Strait, and the Labrador Sea. The average Warg in the Arctic outflow was 1.18 ± 0.17 in Barrow Strait and 1.31 ± 0.14 in Smith Sound, with areas where Warg < 1. The Arctic outflow through the CAA has a high content of Pacific waters, which have a low saturation state. These waters can be traced along the western Baffin Bay to Davis Strait. South of Davis Strait, this outflow is modified by mixing with slope and offshore waters of Atlantic origin and with the outflow from Hudson Strait. Despite the mixing, low saturation state water can still be identified on the southern Labrador Shelf. The aragonite saturation horizon is found at ∼150 m in Barrow Strait; at 200 m in Baffin Bay, Davis Strait, and Hudson Strait; and at 2300 m in the Labrador Sea. This study provides baseline data of the saturation states for the waters of the CAA and the northwest Atlantic. It also illustrates the downstream evolution of low saturation state Arctic outflow in the northwest Atlantic. Title: Calcium carbonate saturation states in the waters of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago and the Labrador Sea Author: Petrie, Biran, Azetsu-Scott, Kumiko, Starr, Michel, Hamilton, James, Falkner, Kelly, Prinsenberg, Simon, Lee, Craig, Yeats, Philip, Clarke, Allyn, Jones, E. Peter Ocean acidification is predicted to occur first in polar oceans. We investigated the saturation state of waters with respect to calcite (Wcal) and aragonite (Warg) in six sections along an Arctic outflow pathway through the Canadian Arctic Archipelago (CAA) and into the northwestern Atlantic using dissolved inorganic carbon and total alkalinity measurements from 2003 to 2005. The study area, a key region connecting the Arctic and the North Atlantic, includes Smith Sound, Barrow Strait, Baffin Bay, Davis Strait, Hudson Strait, and the Labrador Sea. The average Warg in the Arctic outflow was 1.18 ± 0.17 in Barrow Strait and 1.31 ± 0.14 in Smith Sound, with areas where Warg < 1. The Arctic outflow through the CAA has a high content of Pacific waters, which have a low saturation state. These waters can be traced along the western Baffin Bay to Davis Strait. South of Davis Strait, this outflow is modified by mixing with slope and offshore waters of Atlantic origin and with the outflow from Hudson Strait. Despite the mixing, low saturation state water can still be identified on the southern Labrador Shelf. The aragonite saturation horizon is found at ∼150 m in Barrow Strait; at 200 m in Baffin Bay, Davis Strait, and Hudson Strait; and at 2300 m in the Labrador Sea. This study provides baseline data of the saturation states for the waters of the CAA and the northwest Atlantic. It also illustrates the downstream evolution of low saturation state Arctic outflow in the northwest Atlantic. Close

• 12. [Article] Routing of western Canadian Plains runoff during the 8.2 ka cold event

  Copyrighted by American Geophysical Union.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Routing of western Canadian Plains runoff during the 8.2 ka cold event Author: Carlson, Anders E., Klinkhammer, Gary P., Clark, Peter U., 1956-, Haley, Brian A. Copyrighted by American Geophysical Union. Title: Routing of western Canadian Plains runoff during the 8.2 ka cold event Author: Carlson, Anders E., Klinkhammer, Gary P., Clark, Peter U., 1956-, Haley, Brian A. Copyrighted by American Geophysical Union. Close

• 13. [Article] Pacific Spruce Corporation and subsidiaries : C.D. Johnson Lumber Company, Manary Logging Company, Pacific Spruce Northern Railway Co. : an illustrated story reprinted from the Lumber World Review

  Gerald W. Williams Collection

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Pacific Spruce Corporation and subsidiaries : C.D. Johnson Lumber Company, Manary Logging Company, Pacific Spruce Northern Railway Co. : an illustrated story reprinted from the Lumber World Review Author: Johnson, Bolling Arthur Gerald W. Williams Collection Title: Pacific Spruce Corporation and subsidiaries : C.D. Johnson Lumber Company, Manary Logging Company, Pacific Spruce Northern Railway Co. : an illustrated story reprinted from the Lumber World Review Author: Johnson, Bolling Arthur Gerald W. Williams Collection Close

• 14. [Article] Estuary development with implications for management : a case study of Northwest Natural Gas Company's liquified natural gas (LNG) project at Yaquina Bay, Oregon

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Estuary development with implications for management : a case study of Northwest Natural Gas Company's liquified natural gas (LNG) project at Yaquina Bay, Oregon Author: Good, James W. Title: Estuary development with implications for management : a case study of Northwest Natural Gas Company's liquified natural gas (LNG) project at Yaquina Bay, Oregon Author: Good, James W. Close

• 15. [Article] Subtidal Salinity and Velocity in the Hudson River Estuary: Observations and Modeling

  A tidally and cross-sectionally averaged model based on the temporal evolution of the quasi-steady Hansen and Rattray equations is applied to simulate the salinity distribution and vertical exchange flow ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Subtidal Salinity and Velocity in the Hudson River Estuary: Observations and Modeling Author: Ralston, David K., Lerczak, James A., Geyer, W. Rockwell A tidally and cross-sectionally averaged model based on the temporal evolution of the quasi-steady Hansen and Rattray equations is applied to simulate the salinity distribution and vertical exchange flow along the Hudson River estuary. The model achieves high skill at hindcasting salinity and residual velocity variation during a 110-day period in 2004 covering a wide range of river discharges and tidal forcing. The approach is based on an existing model framework that has been modified to improve model skill relative to observations. The external forcing has been modified to capture meteorological time-scale variability in salinity, stratification, and residual velocity due to sea level fluctuations at the open boundary and along-estuary wind stress. To reflect changes in vertical mixing due to stratification, the vertical mixing coefficients have been modified to use the bottom boundary layer height rather than the water depth as an effective mixing length scale. The boundary layer parameterization depends on the tidal amplitude and the local baroclinic pressure gradient through the longitudinal Richardson number, and improves the model response to spring–neap variability in tidal amplitude during periods of high river discharge. Finally, steady-state model solutions are evaluated for both the Hudson River and northern San Francisco Bay over a range of forcing conditions. Agreement between the model and scaling of equilibrium salinity intrusions lends confidence that the approach is transferable to other estuaries, despite significant differences in bathymetry. Discrepancies between the model results and observations at high river discharge are indicative of limits at which the formulation begins to fail, and where an alternative approach that captures two-layer dynamics would be more appropriate. Title: Subtidal Salinity and Velocity in the Hudson River Estuary: Observations and Modeling Author: Ralston, David K., Lerczak, James A., Geyer, W. Rockwell A tidally and cross-sectionally averaged model based on the temporal evolution of the quasi-steady Hansen and Rattray equations is applied to simulate the salinity distribution and vertical exchange flow along the Hudson River estuary. The model achieves high skill at hindcasting salinity and residual velocity variation during a 110-day period in 2004 covering a wide range of river discharges and tidal forcing. The approach is based on an existing model framework that has been modified to improve model skill relative to observations. The external forcing has been modified to capture meteorological time-scale variability in salinity, stratification, and residual velocity due to sea level fluctuations at the open boundary and along-estuary wind stress. To reflect changes in vertical mixing due to stratification, the vertical mixing coefficients have been modified to use the bottom boundary layer height rather than the water depth as an effective mixing length scale. The boundary layer parameterization depends on the tidal amplitude and the local baroclinic pressure gradient through the longitudinal Richardson number, and improves the model response to spring–neap variability in tidal amplitude during periods of high river discharge. Finally, steady-state model solutions are evaluated for both the Hudson River and northern San Francisco Bay over a range of forcing conditions. Agreement between the model and scaling of equilibrium salinity intrusions lends confidence that the approach is transferable to other estuaries, despite significant differences in bathymetry. Discrepancies between the model results and observations at high river discharge are indicative of limits at which the formulation begins to fail, and where an alternative approach that captures two-layer dynamics would be more appropriate. Close

• 16. [Article] Investigation of proposed dredging operations in Yaquina Bay near the ship turning basin

  Gives an Oregon Fish Commission shellfish biologist's response to a request by the C.D. Johnson Lumber Company to dredge in Yaquina Bay. Hand-drawn map shows the proposed location for disposal of dredging ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Investigation of proposed dredging operations in Yaquina Bay near the ship turning basin Author: Marriage, Lowell D., Oregon Fish Commission. Shellfish Program Gives an Oregon Fish Commission shellfish biologist's response to a request by the C.D. Johnson Lumber Company to dredge in Yaquina Bay. Hand-drawn map shows the proposed location for disposal of dredging spoils. Includes the public notice issued by the Army Corps of Engineers. Title: Investigation of proposed dredging operations in Yaquina Bay near the ship turning basin Author: Marriage, Lowell D., Oregon Fish Commission. Shellfish Program Gives an Oregon Fish Commission shellfish biologist's response to a request by the C.D. Johnson Lumber Company to dredge in Yaquina Bay. Hand-drawn map shows the proposed location for disposal of dredging spoils. Includes the public notice issued by the Army Corps of Engineers. Close

• 17. [Article] Investigation of proposed work project by the Yaquina Dock and Dredge Co. in Yaquina Bay near Newport, Oregon

  Yaquina Dock and Dredge Company had applied for a permit to construct a dike, bulkheads, a groin and to dredge at Sally's Bend in Yaquina Bay. The Fish Commission investigated to ascertain the effects ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Investigation of proposed work project by the Yaquina Dock and Dredge Co. in Yaquina Bay near Newport, Oregon Author: Marriage, Lowell D., Oregon Fish Commission. Shellfish Program Yaquina Dock and Dredge Company had applied for a permit to construct a dike, bulkheads, a groin and to dredge at Sally's Bend in Yaquina Bay. The Fish Commission investigated to ascertain the effects of the work on natural resources. Includes a public notice from the Army Corps of Engineers. Title: Investigation of proposed work project by the Yaquina Dock and Dredge Co. in Yaquina Bay near Newport, Oregon Author: Marriage, Lowell D., Oregon Fish Commission. Shellfish Program Yaquina Dock and Dredge Company had applied for a permit to construct a dike, bulkheads, a groin and to dredge at Sally's Bend in Yaquina Bay. The Fish Commission investigated to ascertain the effects of the work on natural resources. Includes a public notice from the Army Corps of Engineers. Close

• 18. [Article] Investigation of proposed dike construction in Coos Bay at Eastside, Coos County, Oregon

  Reports on an investigation of a proposal by the Evans Products Company of Coos Bay to construct a dike in the bay. Investigators found negligible quantities of the Eastern soft-shell clam, and therefore ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Investigation of proposed dike construction in Coos Bay at Eastside, Coos County, Oregon Author: Marriage, Lowell D., Oregon. Fish Commission. Shellfish Program Reports on an investigation of a proposal by the Evans Products Company of Coos Bay to construct a dike in the bay. Investigators found negligible quantities of the Eastern soft-shell clam, and therefore did not oppose the proposed dredging and construction. Includes a hand-drawn map and a survey report. Title: Investigation of proposed dike construction in Coos Bay at Eastside, Coos County, Oregon Author: Marriage, Lowell D., Oregon. Fish Commission. Shellfish Program Reports on an investigation of a proposal by the Evans Products Company of Coos Bay to construct a dike in the bay. Investigators found negligible quantities of the Eastern soft-shell clam, and therefore did not oppose the proposed dredging and construction. Includes a hand-drawn map and a survey report. Close

• 19. [Article] Brachiopod paleoecology, paleobiogeography, and biostratigraphy in the upper Middle Devonian of Eastern North America : an ecofacies model for the Appalachian, Michigan, and Illinois Basins

  Articulate brachiopod communities sensitive to environmental factors, especially depth and distance from shore, are described from the upper Middle Devonian (upper Eifelian and Givetian; Cazenovia, Tioughnioga, ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Brachiopod paleoecology, paleobiogeography, and biostratigraphy in the upper Middle Devonian of Eastern North America : an ecofacies model for the Appalachian, Michigan, and Illinois Basins Author: Koch, William Frederick Articulate brachiopod communities sensitive to environmental factors, especially depth and distance from shore, are described from the upper Middle Devonian (upper Eifelian and Givetian; Cazenovia, Tioughnioga, and Taghanic stages of eastern North America) of eastern North America. The Subrensselandia, Cupularostrum, Mediospirifer, Tropidoleptus, Devonochonetes, Mucrospirifer, Atrypid-Strophodontid, Ambocoeliid, Pacificocoelia, Truncalosia, and Camarotoechia Communities are described from the Hamilton Group of the Appalachian and Illinois Basins. The Cupularostrum, Rhipido thyris, Orthospirifer, Tropidoleptus, Mucrospirifer, Elytha, Spinatrypa, Hypothyridina-Ambocoeliid, Rhyssochonetes, and Leiorhynchus Communities are described from the Tully Formation of the Appalachian Basin. The Subrensselaxdia, Stringocephalus, Rhipidothyris, Cupularostrum, Atrypid- Gypidulinid, Devonochonetes, Cyrtina-Athyris, Camarotoechia, and Longispina Communities are described from the sub-Taghanic Traverse Group of the Michigan Basin. The Rensselandia, Chonetid, Pentamerella-Orthospirifer-Cranaena, Spiriferid-Atrypid, Mucrospirifer, Emanuella, and Leiorhynchus Communities are described from the Cedar Valley Formation and correlative strata exclusive of the Appalachian Basin. The Subrensselandia, Tropidoleptus, Mucrospirifer-Pholidostrophia, Atrypid-Gypidulinid, Chonetid-Leptaena, Brevispirifer, Emanuella, and Warrenella Communities are described from the Dundee and Rogers City Formations and correlative strata exclusive of the Appalachian Basin. The evolution of these brachiopod communities is traced from the Emsian through the early Famennian by assigning related communities to Community Groups. The temporal changes in the Community Groups are discussed in terms of the constituent genera and communities, Communities not assigned to Community Groups are also considered. The Leptaena-Schizophoria. Assemblage Zone is defined to include strata correlative with the Union Springs and Cherry Valley Formations of New York. The Fimbrispirifer-Pentagonia Assemblage Zone is defined to include strata correlative with the Centerfield Member of New York. The Rhyssochonetes-Hypothyridina Assemblage Zone is defined to include strata which correlate with the Tully Formation of New York. These assemblage zones are the basis for detailed correlation of the upper Middle Devonian strata of eastern North America. The late Middle Devonian fauna of eastern North America represents a mixture of older Eastern Americas Realm and Old World Realm faunas; many older Eastern Americas Realm stocks died out during the earlier Eifelian. Other Old World Realm genera migrated into the Eastern Americas Realm during transgressions associated with the Leptaena-Schizophoria and Rhyssochonetes-Hypothyridina Assemblage Zones; these genera distinguish these zones from older and younger rocks. The Eastern Americas Realm of the late Middle Devonian is divisible into two subprovinces. The Appohimchi Subprovince occupies the Appalachian and Illinois Basins and the clastic shelf to the east of the Appalachian Basin. The Michigan Basin-Hudson Bay Lowland Subprovince occupies a broad carbonate platform extending from Michigan west to Iowa and north to Hudson Bay. Provinciality between these subprovinces rose from the base of the Cazenovia to a peak at the time of the deposition of the Skaneateles Formation, fell during the Fimbrispirifer-Pentagonia Assemblage Zone, rose during the upper Tioughnioga, and declined sharply during the Taghanic. The Fimbrispirifer-Pentagonia Assemblage Zone is associated with a transgression and change in current patterns which allowed Appohimchi genera to migrate onto the Michigan carbonate platform. Profiles of depositional topography are constructed for several intervals of late Middle Devonian time. Shelf (undathem), slope (clinothem), and basinal (fondathem) deposits are distinguished on these profiles. Chains of communities occur along these profiles. Benthic Assemblages 1 and 2 are on the shelf, Benthic Assemblage 3 ranges from shelf through slope, Benthic Assemblage 4 from slope to basin, and Benthic Assemblage 5 is basinal. Migrations of community chains and shelf margins correspond to transgressions and regressions. Biostratigraphic and lithostratigraphic data allow tracing of seven transgressive-regressive events over much of eastern North America; these cycles can be used to refine correlations based on other stratigraphic techniques. Title: Brachiopod paleoecology, paleobiogeography, and biostratigraphy in the upper Middle Devonian of Eastern North America : an ecofacies model for the Appalachian, Michigan, and Illinois Basins Author: Koch, William Frederick Articulate brachiopod communities sensitive to environmental factors, especially depth and distance from shore, are described from the upper Middle Devonian (upper Eifelian and Givetian; Cazenovia, Tioughnioga, and Taghanic stages of eastern North America) of eastern North America. The Subrensselandia, Cupularostrum, Mediospirifer, Tropidoleptus, Devonochonetes, Mucrospirifer, Atrypid-Strophodontid, Ambocoeliid, Pacificocoelia, Truncalosia, and Camarotoechia Communities are described from the Hamilton Group of the Appalachian and Illinois Basins. The Cupularostrum, Rhipido thyris, Orthospirifer, Tropidoleptus, Mucrospirifer, Elytha, Spinatrypa, Hypothyridina-Ambocoeliid, Rhyssochonetes, and Leiorhynchus Communities are described from the Tully Formation of the Appalachian Basin. The Subrensselaxdia, Stringocephalus, Rhipidothyris, Cupularostrum, Atrypid- Gypidulinid, Devonochonetes, Cyrtina-Athyris, Camarotoechia, and Longispina Communities are described from the sub-Taghanic Traverse Group of the Michigan Basin. The Rensselandia, Chonetid, Pentamerella-Orthospirifer-Cranaena, Spiriferid-Atrypid, Mucrospirifer, Emanuella, and Leiorhynchus Communities are described from the Cedar Valley Formation and correlative strata exclusive of the Appalachian Basin. The Subrensselandia, Tropidoleptus, Mucrospirifer-Pholidostrophia, Atrypid-Gypidulinid, Chonetid-Leptaena, Brevispirifer, Emanuella, and Warrenella Communities are described from the Dundee and Rogers City Formations and correlative strata exclusive of the Appalachian Basin. The evolution of these brachiopod communities is traced from the Emsian through the early Famennian by assigning related communities to Community Groups. The temporal changes in the Community Groups are discussed in terms of the constituent genera and communities, Communities not assigned to Community Groups are also considered. The Leptaena-Schizophoria. Assemblage Zone is defined to include strata correlative with the Union Springs and Cherry Valley Formations of New York. The Fimbrispirifer-Pentagonia Assemblage Zone is defined to include strata correlative with the Centerfield Member of New York. The Rhyssochonetes-Hypothyridina Assemblage Zone is defined to include strata which correlate with the Tully Formation of New York. These assemblage zones are the basis for detailed correlation of the upper Middle Devonian strata of eastern North America. The late Middle Devonian fauna of eastern North America represents a mixture of older Eastern Americas Realm and Old World Realm faunas; many older Eastern Americas Realm stocks died out during the earlier Eifelian. Other Old World Realm genera migrated into the Eastern Americas Realm during transgressions associated with the Leptaena-Schizophoria and Rhyssochonetes-Hypothyridina Assemblage Zones; these genera distinguish these zones from older and younger rocks. The Eastern Americas Realm of the late Middle Devonian is divisible into two subprovinces. The Appohimchi Subprovince occupies the Appalachian and Illinois Basins and the clastic shelf to the east of the Appalachian Basin. The Michigan Basin-Hudson Bay Lowland Subprovince occupies a broad carbonate platform extending from Michigan west to Iowa and north to Hudson Bay. Provinciality between these subprovinces rose from the base of the Cazenovia to a peak at the time of the deposition of the Skaneateles Formation, fell during the Fimbrispirifer-Pentagonia Assemblage Zone, rose during the upper Tioughnioga, and declined sharply during the Taghanic. The Fimbrispirifer-Pentagonia Assemblage Zone is associated with a transgression and change in current patterns which allowed Appohimchi genera to migrate onto the Michigan carbonate platform. Profiles of depositional topography are constructed for several intervals of late Middle Devonian time. Shelf (undathem), slope (clinothem), and basinal (fondathem) deposits are distinguished on these profiles. Chains of communities occur along these profiles. Benthic Assemblages 1 and 2 are on the shelf, Benthic Assemblage 3 ranges from shelf through slope, Benthic Assemblage 4 from slope to basin, and Benthic Assemblage 5 is basinal. Migrations of community chains and shelf margins correspond to transgressions and regressions. Biostratigraphic and lithostratigraphic data allow tracing of seven transgressive-regressive events over much of eastern North America; these cycles can be used to refine correlations based on other stratigraphic techniques. Close

• 20. [Article] Tracing Pacific water in the North Atlantic Ocean

  copyrighted by American Geophysical Union

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Tracing Pacific water in the North Atlantic Ocean Author: McLaughlin, F. A., Civitarese, G., Jones, E. P., Kattner, G., Lipizer, M., Anderson, L. G., Falkner, Kelly, Swift, J. H. copyrighted by American Geophysical Union Title: Tracing Pacific water in the North Atlantic Ocean Author: McLaughlin, F. A., Civitarese, G., Jones, E. P., Kattner, G., Lipizer, M., Anderson, L. G., Falkner, Kelly, Swift, J. H. copyrighted by American Geophysical Union Close