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• 11. [Article] Travel time : an analysis in two-parent, two-child Oregon households

  Uses of travel time and mode of transportation in selected two-parent, two-child Oregon households was researched in this study. The relationship between a number of demographic characteristics and amounts ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Travel time : an analysis in two-parent, two-child Oregon households Author: Bradford, Nancy Ellen Uses of travel time and mode of transportation in selected two-parent, two-child Oregon households was researched in this study. The relationship between a number of demographic characteristics and amounts of travel time as well as mode of transportation was also examined. The study used the Oregon data from the Northeast Regional Research Project, NE-113, "An Interstate Urban/Rural Comparison of Families' Time Use. " A sample of 210 families divided into 5 groups by age of the youngest child was selected. The sample consisted of 105 rural Linn and Benton County families and 105 urban Portland families with a 59% completion rate and 41% refusal rate for the rural portion. Seventy-three percent of the urban portion had a completion rate of 41% and a 59% refusal rate. The mean age of the homemakers and their spouses was approximately 32 and 35 years, respectively. One hundred and forty-four homemakers (69%) were not employed outside the household while two hundred and two spouses (96%) reported employment outside the household. Data were collected by means of a questionnaire and time charts. Families recorded the time use in specified activities of members over the age of six for two days, with the first day being charted by recall and the second by record. In general, the rural households spent a greater amount of total time on travel, with a weighted mean of 460 minutes per day, than did the urban households with a weighted mean of 346 minutes per day. Both urban and rural homemakers spent more time on travel in relation to household activities than did urban and rural spouses while the spouses used more time on travel to and from paid work. Social and recreational travel activity accounted for the greatest proportion of urban and rural homemaker's travel time. Women in the total sample used less time for daily travel than did the men. Using a stepwise regression model, age of the youngest child showed a positive significant relationship (p < . 05) while age of the spouse showed a negative significant relationship (p < . 05) to amount of household travel time used. A positive significant relationship was also established using an analysis of variance between age stratum of the youngest child and amount of household travel time used. There was a significant relationship (p <. 05) between area of residence and amount of household travel time used when a t-test was applied, i. e. rural households are more likely to use greater amounts of travel time than urban households. The family car was the most frequently used mode of transportation, with school bus and company car second and third, respectively. The city taxi was the least used mode. There was a significant relationship (p < . 05) between age of youngest child and the major mode of transportation used by the household when an analysis of variance was applied, i. e. age had an effect on what type of transportation was used. However, further statistical investigation was conducted and it was found that the age of the youngest child had an effect upon the rate of use within a specified mode of transportation, but there was no relationship between modes. There was a significant relationship (p < 05) between area of residence and the major mode of transportation used by the household when a Chi-square Test of Independence was applied, i. e. area of residence made a difference in the major mode of transportation used by the household. This researcher concluded that there were distinct rural/urban, male/female, and stage-in-the-family-life-cycle differences in the travel behavior of the households studied. Title: Travel time : an analysis in two-parent, two-child Oregon households Author: Bradford, Nancy Ellen Uses of travel time and mode of transportation in selected two-parent, two-child Oregon households was researched in this study. The relationship between a number of demographic characteristics and amounts of travel time as well as mode of transportation was also examined. The study used the Oregon data from the Northeast Regional Research Project, NE-113, "An Interstate Urban/Rural Comparison of Families' Time Use. " A sample of 210 families divided into 5 groups by age of the youngest child was selected. The sample consisted of 105 rural Linn and Benton County families and 105 urban Portland families with a 59% completion rate and 41% refusal rate for the rural portion. Seventy-three percent of the urban portion had a completion rate of 41% and a 59% refusal rate. The mean age of the homemakers and their spouses was approximately 32 and 35 years, respectively. One hundred and forty-four homemakers (69%) were not employed outside the household while two hundred and two spouses (96%) reported employment outside the household. Data were collected by means of a questionnaire and time charts. Families recorded the time use in specified activities of members over the age of six for two days, with the first day being charted by recall and the second by record. In general, the rural households spent a greater amount of total time on travel, with a weighted mean of 460 minutes per day, than did the urban households with a weighted mean of 346 minutes per day. Both urban and rural homemakers spent more time on travel in relation to household activities than did urban and rural spouses while the spouses used more time on travel to and from paid work. Social and recreational travel activity accounted for the greatest proportion of urban and rural homemaker's travel time. Women in the total sample used less time for daily travel than did the men. Using a stepwise regression model, age of the youngest child showed a positive significant relationship (p < . 05) while age of the spouse showed a negative significant relationship (p < . 05) to amount of household travel time used. A positive significant relationship was also established using an analysis of variance between age stratum of the youngest child and amount of household travel time used. There was a significant relationship (p <. 05) between area of residence and amount of household travel time used when a t-test was applied, i. e. rural households are more likely to use greater amounts of travel time than urban households. The family car was the most frequently used mode of transportation, with school bus and company car second and third, respectively. The city taxi was the least used mode. There was a significant relationship (p < . 05) between age of youngest child and the major mode of transportation used by the household when an analysis of variance was applied, i. e. age had an effect on what type of transportation was used. However, further statistical investigation was conducted and it was found that the age of the youngest child had an effect upon the rate of use within a specified mode of transportation, but there was no relationship between modes. There was a significant relationship (p < 05) between area of residence and the major mode of transportation used by the household when a Chi-square Test of Independence was applied, i. e. area of residence made a difference in the major mode of transportation used by the household. This researcher concluded that there were distinct rural/urban, male/female, and stage-in-the-family-life-cycle differences in the travel behavior of the households studied. Close

• 12. [Article] Looking at the Relationship between Household Electricity Consumption and Annual Household Income Using an Agent-Based Integrated Framework

  Electricity is a vital energy source for modern life, and is used in almost every aspect of daily life. United States electricity consumption totaled nearly 3,886,403 gigawatt hours in 2011. Residential ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Looking at the Relationship between Household Electricity Consumption and Annual Household Income Using an Agent-Based Integrated Framework Author: Sorce, Evan C. Electricity is a vital energy source for modern life, and is used in almost every aspect of daily life. United States electricity consumption totaled nearly 3,886,403 gigawatt hours in 2011. Residential electricity consumption accounts for 37 percent of total electricity consumption in the United States. Between 1990 and 2007, the total volume of electricity sold in the United States grew at an average annual rate of 1.9%. The growth rate in residential energy usage was even higher, growing at an annual rate of 2.4% The oil shocks of the 1970s and major blackouts in 1965, 1977, and 2003 raised energy supply and security concerns. This paper uses the United States Energy Information Agencies Residential Energy Consumption Survey from 1997, 2001, and 2005 and an integrated framework of residential energy consumption to examine the relationship between annual household income and household electricity consumption. Even when controlling for various aspects of household electricity consumption, household annual income is found to be a significant factor in determining residential electricity consumption. Title: Looking at the Relationship between Household Electricity Consumption and Annual Household Income Using an Agent-Based Integrated Framework Author: Sorce, Evan C. Electricity is a vital energy source for modern life, and is used in almost every aspect of daily life. United States electricity consumption totaled nearly 3,886,403 gigawatt hours in 2011. Residential electricity consumption accounts for 37 percent of total electricity consumption in the United States. Between 1990 and 2007, the total volume of electricity sold in the United States grew at an average annual rate of 1.9%. The growth rate in residential energy usage was even higher, growing at an annual rate of 2.4% The oil shocks of the 1970s and major blackouts in 1965, 1977, and 2003 raised energy supply and security concerns. This paper uses the United States Energy Information Agencies Residential Energy Consumption Survey from 1997, 2001, and 2005 and an integrated framework of residential energy consumption to examine the relationship between annual household income and household electricity consumption. Even when controlling for various aspects of household electricity consumption, household annual income is found to be a significant factor in determining residential electricity consumption. Close

• 13. [Article] Household Survey Data 2010: Dams and Population Displacement on China’s Upper Mekong River

  Suggested citation: "Tilt, Bryan; Gerkey, Drew (2015). Household Survey Data 2010: Dams and Population Displacement on China’s Upper Mekong River. Dataset. Oregon State University Libraries. http://dx....

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Household Survey Data 2010: Dams and Population Displacement on China’s Upper Mekong River Author: Tilt, Bryan, Gerkey, Drew Suggested citation: "Tilt, Bryan; Gerkey, Drew (2015). Household Survey Data 2010: Dams and Population Displacement on China’s Upper Mekong River. Dataset. Oregon State University Libraries. http://dx.doi.org/10.7267/N94Q7RW1." Title: Household Survey Data 2010: Dams and Population Displacement on China’s Upper Mekong River Author: Tilt, Bryan, Gerkey, Drew Suggested citation: "Tilt, Bryan; Gerkey, Drew (2015). Household Survey Data 2010: Dams and Population Displacement on China’s Upper Mekong River. Dataset. Oregon State University Libraries. http://dx.doi.org/10.7267/N94Q7RW1." Close

• 14. [Article] Salmon consumption at the household level in Japan

  The primary purpose of this study is to investigate the salmon demand of Japanese households. The specific goals are to illuminate the substitutional relationship between salmon and other foods and to examine ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Salmon consumption at the household level in Japan Author: Kikuchi, Akihiro The primary purpose of this study is to investigate the salmon demand of Japanese households. The specific goals are to illuminate the substitutional relationship between salmon and other foods and to examine seasonal and regional differences in salmon demand. To analyze substitutional relationships and seasonal differences, monthly data on consumption by Japanese households are used. An econometric model was developed in which salmon demand was specified with quantity of salmon consumed as the dependent variable and income (food expenditure), price of salmon and the price of possible substitute commodities as independent variables. To investigate the regional differences, five geographically different regions were selected. Analysis was conducted with annual data. Among the findings are that pork may be a substitute commodity for salmon in Japanese households, and that there are clear seasonal and regional differences in terms of salmon demand at the household level in Japan. Title: Salmon consumption at the household level in Japan Author: Kikuchi, Akihiro The primary purpose of this study is to investigate the salmon demand of Japanese households. The specific goals are to illuminate the substitutional relationship between salmon and other foods and to examine seasonal and regional differences in salmon demand. To analyze substitutional relationships and seasonal differences, monthly data on consumption by Japanese households are used. An econometric model was developed in which salmon demand was specified with quantity of salmon consumed as the dependent variable and income (food expenditure), price of salmon and the price of possible substitute commodities as independent variables. To investigate the regional differences, five geographically different regions were selected. Analysis was conducted with annual data. Among the findings are that pork may be a substitute commodity for salmon in Japanese households, and that there are clear seasonal and regional differences in terms of salmon demand at the household level in Japan. Close

• 15. [Article] Household Determinants and the Resource Consumption: A Case Study of Baghmara Community Forestry in Nepal

  This study examines the association of household characteristics with forest product consumption and other benefits derived from community forest in Nepal. The analysis is based on random sample data of ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Household Determinants and the Resource Consumption: A Case Study of Baghmara Community Forestry in Nepal Author: Timilsina, Dinesh This study examines the association of household characteristics with forest product consumption and other benefits derived from community forest in Nepal. The analysis is based on random sample data of 80 households from a Community Forest User Groups of Baghmara Community Forestry (BCF) in Nepal. Using an OLS regression to examine the impact of household determinants over the consumption of subsistence resources like firewood, grass and timber. We find that geophysical variable distance has negatively significant association with consumption of natural resources. Likewise, socio-economic variables: household size, wealth, participation, caste and household income have also a significant correlation with consumption of at least few of natural resources. Moreover, a second OLS regression was conducted to explore the correlation between household attributes and other benefits from BCF like financial assistance for toilet construction, assistance for child education and training programs. The result showed significant correlation of distance and some socio-economic attributes with those benefits. Based on this analysis, it can be inferred that upper caste, wealthier, nearby and bigger family size households get more benefits in term of both resources and assistance in comparison to lower caste, less wealthier, distant and smaller households, in contrast with the stated resource distribution mechanism in the institutional arrangement of the community forestry program. Thus, the study emphasized on more inclusive and participatory management approach; compensatory transfer schemes; transferable property rights over forest products as the policy implications to ensure efficient and equitable distribution of resources and benefits. Title: Household Determinants and the Resource Consumption: A Case Study of Baghmara Community Forestry in Nepal Author: Timilsina, Dinesh This study examines the association of household characteristics with forest product consumption and other benefits derived from community forest in Nepal. The analysis is based on random sample data of 80 households from a Community Forest User Groups of Baghmara Community Forestry (BCF) in Nepal. Using an OLS regression to examine the impact of household determinants over the consumption of subsistence resources like firewood, grass and timber. We find that geophysical variable distance has negatively significant association with consumption of natural resources. Likewise, socio-economic variables: household size, wealth, participation, caste and household income have also a significant correlation with consumption of at least few of natural resources. Moreover, a second OLS regression was conducted to explore the correlation between household attributes and other benefits from BCF like financial assistance for toilet construction, assistance for child education and training programs. The result showed significant correlation of distance and some socio-economic attributes with those benefits. Based on this analysis, it can be inferred that upper caste, wealthier, nearby and bigger family size households get more benefits in term of both resources and assistance in comparison to lower caste, less wealthier, distant and smaller households, in contrast with the stated resource distribution mechanism in the institutional arrangement of the community forestry program. Thus, the study emphasized on more inclusive and participatory management approach; compensatory transfer schemes; transferable property rights over forest products as the policy implications to ensure efficient and equitable distribution of resources and benefits. Close

• 16. [Article] The Contribution of Aquaculture and Fishery Resources to Rural Livelihoods: Evidence from Household Consumption in Vietnam

  Abstract only.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The Contribution of Aquaculture and Fishery Resources to Rural Livelihoods: Evidence from Household Consumption in Vietnam Author: Ngwenya, Elkana Abstract only. Title: The Contribution of Aquaculture and Fishery Resources to Rural Livelihoods: Evidence from Household Consumption in Vietnam Author: Ngwenya, Elkana Abstract only. Close

• 17. [Article] Case studies of the resource base of low-income rural families in Oregon

  This study investigated the level of available resources, the use of available resources, and the degree of planning and personal perception of the situation of four female heads of households under 60 ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Case studies of the resource base of low-income rural families in Oregon Author: Tam, Marilyn Hay-lit This study investigated the level of available resources, the use of available resources, and the degree of planning and personal perception of the situation of four female heads of households under 60 years old and four households with male heads over 65 years old. The study was conducted in the Badger Mountain census division of Lane County, Oregon. The case study method was used in this study. An average of seven and one-half hours were spent with each household with an average of three hours per visit. All households contacted cooperated and followed through with the study. The female heads had a mean age of 40.0 years, with a mean of 2.25 children. They had a mean of 9.25 years of schooling and two had some vocational training. Only one had a part-time job; the other three were primarily dependent on Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC) grants for financial support. Other sources of monetary resources were Social Security, veterans benefits, food stamps, and child support payments. Total yearly monetary income ranged from $3,074 to $3,981. The major asset for two households was equity in their home. For the other two, home furnishings was the major asset. No insurance or savings were held by any household with a female head. Non-money income ranged from $300 to $3,235 per year. Community resources were used to varying degrees by all. However, planning and budgeting was practiced by only two of the households. There was an indication of hope and effort to become more self sufficient in all four cases. The male heads of households had a mean age of 79.0 years; their spouses' was 71.25 years. Mean grade in school completed was 7.2 years for the male heads and 8.2 for their spouses. All the male heads had vocational training, two of their spouses also had some. The households consisted of only husband and wife in all four cases. One household was still engaged in income producing work; all four households depended mainly on Social Security payments for financial support. Other sources of monetary resources were Veteran's benefits, sale of farm and garden produce, sale of handicrafts, food stamps, and "water witching." Total monetary resources ranged from $2,296 to $4,136. Major assets for the four households were equity in their home, automobile, and savings. Non-money income ranged from $1,931 to $3,930 per year. All four households had a garden to supplement food bought from the stores. The level of use of community resources was related to the level of involvement with the home /farm. Planning and budgeting was practiced to some degree by all four households. An air of optimism prevailed, but apprehension about future health problems was also present. Title: Case studies of the resource base of low-income rural families in Oregon Author: Tam, Marilyn Hay-lit This study investigated the level of available resources, the use of available resources, and the degree of planning and personal perception of the situation of four female heads of households under 60 years old and four households with male heads over 65 years old. The study was conducted in the Badger Mountain census division of Lane County, Oregon. The case study method was used in this study. An average of seven and one-half hours were spent with each household with an average of three hours per visit. All households contacted cooperated and followed through with the study. The female heads had a mean age of 40.0 years, with a mean of 2.25 children. They had a mean of 9.25 years of schooling and two had some vocational training. Only one had a part-time job; the other three were primarily dependent on Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC) grants for financial support. Other sources of monetary resources were Social Security, veterans benefits, food stamps, and child support payments. Total yearly monetary income ranged from $3,074 to $3,981. The major asset for two households was equity in their home. For the other two, home furnishings was the major asset. No insurance or savings were held by any household with a female head. Non-money income ranged from $300 to $3,235 per year. Community resources were used to varying degrees by all. However, planning and budgeting was practiced by only two of the households. There was an indication of hope and effort to become more self sufficient in all four cases. The male heads of households had a mean age of 79.0 years; their spouses' was 71.25 years. Mean grade in school completed was 7.2 years for the male heads and 8.2 for their spouses. All the male heads had vocational training, two of their spouses also had some. The households consisted of only husband and wife in all four cases. One household was still engaged in income producing work; all four households depended mainly on Social Security payments for financial support. Other sources of monetary resources were Veteran's benefits, sale of farm and garden produce, sale of handicrafts, food stamps, and "water witching." Total monetary resources ranged from $2,296 to $4,136. Major assets for the four households were equity in their home, automobile, and savings. Non-money income ranged from $1,931 to $3,930 per year. All four households had a garden to supplement food bought from the stores. The level of use of community resources was related to the level of involvement with the home /farm. Planning and budgeting was practiced to some degree by all four households. An air of optimism prevailed, but apprehension about future health problems was also present. Close

• 18. [Article] Population Density and Households’ Transportation and Housing Cost Trade-Offs

  As metropolitan governments explore density-promoting “smart growth” policies, finer analysis is needed to quantify the impact of such changes on households’ transportation and housing costs. Existing ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Population Density and Households’ Transportation and Housing Cost Trade-Offs Author: Palm, Matthew As metropolitan governments explore density-promoting “smart growth” policies, finer analysis is needed to quantify the impact of such changes on households’ transportation and housing costs. Existing research suggests that households in urban areas face a trade-off between living in areas with higher housing costs and lower transportation costs or the reverse, but does not explore how density changes explicitly impact this balance. This paper uses the 2000 Census Public Use Micro Sample (PUMS) data from twenty-three of the nation’s most densely populated states to identify the impact of increased population density on household rents, housing unit values and monthly mortgage payments. The project additionally explores the possibility of a negative relationship, or trade-off, between what households spend on housing and the transportation options they face. Results suggest increased population density is a strong driver of higher housing costs even after controlling for available transportation variables. Results also confirm previous research that suggests households utilizing fixed route transit systems pay a premium for that access. Title: Population Density and Households’ Transportation and Housing Cost Trade-Offs Author: Palm, Matthew As metropolitan governments explore density-promoting “smart growth” policies, finer analysis is needed to quantify the impact of such changes on households’ transportation and housing costs. Existing research suggests that households in urban areas face a trade-off between living in areas with higher housing costs and lower transportation costs or the reverse, but does not explore how density changes explicitly impact this balance. This paper uses the 2000 Census Public Use Micro Sample (PUMS) data from twenty-three of the nation’s most densely populated states to identify the impact of increased population density on household rents, housing unit values and monthly mortgage payments. The project additionally explores the possibility of a negative relationship, or trade-off, between what households spend on housing and the transportation options they face. Results suggest increased population density is a strong driver of higher housing costs even after controlling for available transportation variables. Results also confirm previous research that suggests households utilizing fixed route transit systems pay a premium for that access. Close

• 19. [Article] The Dynamics of Work, Poverty, and Business Cycles: An Analysis of Oregon Households Receiving Food Assistance

  Oregon’s Supplemental Nutrition Assistance (SNAP) (formerly called Food Stamps) rose by 33% between October 2008 and October 2009 as the economy went into recession and the unemployment rate increased. ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The Dynamics of Work, Poverty, and Business Cycles: An Analysis of Oregon Households Receiving Food Assistance Author: Porter, Suzanne Oregon’s Supplemental Nutrition Assistance (SNAP) (formerly called Food Stamps) rose by 33% between October 2008 and October 2009 as the economy went into recession and the unemployment rate increased. The percentage of Oregon’s overall population receiving SNAP benefits increased from 11.8% in July 2005 to 16.3% in July 2009. With an estimated 87% of Oregon’s eligible population participating in SNAP, the caseload provides a reasonable representation of the state’s poor households in general. This paper analyzes the characteristics of SNAP households using three intake cohorts: calendar years 2003 and 2005, and fiscal year 2009. These years represent two recessions and a period of economic expansion. These cohorts are analyzed in terms of family structure, employment and earnings, and other measures. The cohorts are compared to poverty statistics and to Oregon households in general. The cohorts are analyzed to gain insight into how the business cycle affects household poverty. The earlier cohorts are analyzed with respect to SNAP receipt spell length and recidivism. Determinants of spell length and recidivism are then examined within the 2009 cohort to determine how quickly and to what extent that cohort, and the poor households it represents, might respond to an economic recovery. Suggestions are made as to the further use of these data for policy and program planning. Title: The Dynamics of Work, Poverty, and Business Cycles: An Analysis of Oregon Households Receiving Food Assistance Author: Porter, Suzanne Oregon’s Supplemental Nutrition Assistance (SNAP) (formerly called Food Stamps) rose by 33% between October 2008 and October 2009 as the economy went into recession and the unemployment rate increased. The percentage of Oregon’s overall population receiving SNAP benefits increased from 11.8% in July 2005 to 16.3% in July 2009. With an estimated 87% of Oregon’s eligible population participating in SNAP, the caseload provides a reasonable representation of the state’s poor households in general. This paper analyzes the characteristics of SNAP households using three intake cohorts: calendar years 2003 and 2005, and fiscal year 2009. These years represent two recessions and a period of economic expansion. These cohorts are analyzed in terms of family structure, employment and earnings, and other measures. The cohorts are compared to poverty statistics and to Oregon households in general. The cohorts are analyzed to gain insight into how the business cycle affects household poverty. The earlier cohorts are analyzed with respect to SNAP receipt spell length and recidivism. Determinants of spell length and recidivism are then examined within the 2009 cohort to determine how quickly and to what extent that cohort, and the poor households it represents, might respond to an economic recovery. Suggestions are made as to the further use of these data for policy and program planning. Close

• 20. [Article] Determinants of household vehicle miles traveled in Oregon

  This study models the household demand for vehicle miles traveled with a focus on the effects from bicycle ridership and transit ridership. Through the use of data from the Oregon Household Activity Survey ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Determinants of household vehicle miles traveled in Oregon Author: Holder, Daniel R. (Daniel Ross) This study models the household demand for vehicle miles traveled with a focus on the effects from bicycle ridership and transit ridership. Through the use of data from the Oregon Household Activity Survey collected on behalf of the Oregon Department of Transportation, evidence is found that households participating in bicycle travel do not consider the price of driving or income when making vehicle travel decisions. The study also finds that for households using public transit, the distance traveled using transit is not significant in impacting a household's consumption of vehicle travel. The methods and results of this study provide a foundation for future vehicle and bicycle demand research and provide pertinent information to policy makers intending to alter driving behavior within the state of Oregon and elsewhere. Title: Determinants of household vehicle miles traveled in Oregon Author: Holder, Daniel R. (Daniel Ross) This study models the household demand for vehicle miles traveled with a focus on the effects from bicycle ridership and transit ridership. Through the use of data from the Oregon Household Activity Survey collected on behalf of the Oregon Department of Transportation, evidence is found that households participating in bicycle travel do not consider the price of driving or income when making vehicle travel decisions. The study also finds that for households using public transit, the distance traveled using transit is not significant in impacting a household's consumption of vehicle travel. The methods and results of this study provide a foundation for future vehicle and bicycle demand research and provide pertinent information to policy makers intending to alter driving behavior within the state of Oregon and elsewhere. Close