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• 11. [Article] Vegetation and ecological characteristics of mixed-conifer and Red Fir forests at the Teakettle Experimental Forest

  Detailed analysis of mixed-conifer and red fir forests were made from extensive, large vegetation sampling, systematically conducted throughout the Teakettle Experimental Forest. Mixed conifer is characterized ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Vegetation and ecological characteristics of mixed-conifer and Red Fir forests at the Teakettle Experimental Forest Author: Johnson, Dale, Ma, Siyan, Purcell, Kathryn, Roath, Brent, Erickson, Heather, Meyer, Marc, Izzo, Antonio, Oakley, Brian, Schowalter, Tim, Rizzo, Dave, Chen, Jiquan, North, Malcolm, Marra, Jim, Gray, Andrew, Rambo, Tom Detailed analysis of mixed-conifer and red fir forests were made from extensive, large vegetation sampling, systematically conducted throughout the Teakettle Experimental Forest. Mixed conifer is characterized by distinct patch conditions of closed-canopy tree clusters, persistent gaps and shrub thickets. This heterogeneous spatial structure provides contrasting microclimate, habitat and resource conditions probably associated with the high diversity of understory plants, fungi, and invertebrates found in ongoing studies in the Teakettle Experiment. In contrast, red fir forests are more homogeneous with continuous high canopy cover, cooler, more consistent microclimate conditions and fewer plant species. In both forests, annual fluctuations in available soil moisture resulting from El Niño influences on snow pack depth may have a significant influence on tree establishment and understory diversity. In depth descriptions of Teakettle’s mixed conifer may provide a target of historic old-growth conditions for forest management. Title: Vegetation and ecological characteristics of mixed-conifer and Red Fir forests at the Teakettle Experimental Forest Author: Johnson, Dale, Ma, Siyan, Purcell, Kathryn, Roath, Brent, Erickson, Heather, Meyer, Marc, Izzo, Antonio, Oakley, Brian, Schowalter, Tim, Rizzo, Dave, Chen, Jiquan, North, Malcolm, Marra, Jim, Gray, Andrew, Rambo, Tom Detailed analysis of mixed-conifer and red fir forests were made from extensive, large vegetation sampling, systematically conducted throughout the Teakettle Experimental Forest. Mixed conifer is characterized by distinct patch conditions of closed-canopy tree clusters, persistent gaps and shrub thickets. This heterogeneous spatial structure provides contrasting microclimate, habitat and resource conditions probably associated with the high diversity of understory plants, fungi, and invertebrates found in ongoing studies in the Teakettle Experiment. In contrast, red fir forests are more homogeneous with continuous high canopy cover, cooler, more consistent microclimate conditions and fewer plant species. In both forests, annual fluctuations in available soil moisture resulting from El Niño influences on snow pack depth may have a significant influence on tree establishment and understory diversity. In depth descriptions of Teakettle’s mixed conifer may provide a target of historic old-growth conditions for forest management. Close

• 12. [Article] Monitoring root disease mortality : establishment report

  Two thousand and thirty-nine trees on 213 plots are being monitored yearly for root disease infection and mortality. Three compartments on the Fernan Ranger District of the Idaho Panhandle National Forests ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Monitoring root disease mortality : establishment report Author: United States. Forest Service. Northern Region. State & Private Forestry, Hagle, Susan K. Two thousand and thirty-nine trees on 213 plots are being monitored yearly for root disease infection and mortality. Three compartments on the Fernan Ranger District of the Idaho Panhandle National Forests are the site of the project. Relationships between factors such as species, aspect, slope, elevation, habitat type, stand appearance on aerial photography, plot root disease severity ratings, and measured volume losses due to root disease mortality are being evaluated. Effective means of judging past and future losses in root disease-affected stands are sought. Title: Monitoring root disease mortality : establishment report Author: United States. Forest Service. Northern Region. State & Private Forestry, Hagle, Susan K. Two thousand and thirty-nine trees on 213 plots are being monitored yearly for root disease infection and mortality. Three compartments on the Fernan Ranger District of the Idaho Panhandle National Forests are the site of the project. Relationships between factors such as species, aspect, slope, elevation, habitat type, stand appearance on aerial photography, plot root disease severity ratings, and measured volume losses due to root disease mortality are being evaluated. Effective means of judging past and future losses in root disease-affected stands are sought. Close

• 13. [Article] Diseases associated with whitebark pine seedling production, USDA Forest Service Nursery, Coeur d'Alene, Idaho

  Whitebark pine is an important reforestation species in the northern Rocky Mountains for enhancement of wildlife habitat. Production of container-grown whitebark pine seedlings at the USDA Forest Service ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Diseases associated with whitebark pine seedling production, USDA Forest Service Nursery, Coeur d'Alene, Idaho Author: United States. Forest Service. Northern Region, Burr, K. E., James, Robert L., United States. Forest Health Protection Whitebark pine is an important reforestation species in the northern Rocky Mountains for enhancement of wildlife habitat. Production of container-grown whitebark pine seedlings at the USDA Forest Service Nursery in Coeur d'Alene, Idaho has been increasing the past several years. Diseases continue to be an important limiting factor in seedling production. Recent evaluations implicated Fusarium solani and F. proliferatum as important pathogens of young germinants and seedlings. Both fungal species commonly contaminated whitebark pine seed prior to sowing. Pathogen spread during stratification resulted in very high levels of seed contamination. Fusarium spp. adversely affected seed germination as well as initiated high seedling disease levels. Not all seedlots were equally affected by diseases, even though most seeds were contaminated. Seedling vigor, probably related to seed germinative energy, may have been an important factor affecting disease severity. Efforts to reduce contamination by mechanical brushing or treatments with hydrogen peroxide or bleach solutions were ineffective. Seed-borne inoculum is important in disease epidemiology. Improved techniques to reduce level of pathogen contamination and spread during seed processing are required. Title: Diseases associated with whitebark pine seedling production, USDA Forest Service Nursery, Coeur d'Alene, Idaho Author: United States. Forest Service. Northern Region, Burr, K. E., James, Robert L., United States. Forest Health Protection Whitebark pine is an important reforestation species in the northern Rocky Mountains for enhancement of wildlife habitat. Production of container-grown whitebark pine seedlings at the USDA Forest Service Nursery in Coeur d'Alene, Idaho has been increasing the past several years. Diseases continue to be an important limiting factor in seedling production. Recent evaluations implicated Fusarium solani and F. proliferatum as important pathogens of young germinants and seedlings. Both fungal species commonly contaminated whitebark pine seed prior to sowing. Pathogen spread during stratification resulted in very high levels of seed contamination. Fusarium spp. adversely affected seed germination as well as initiated high seedling disease levels. Not all seedlots were equally affected by diseases, even though most seeds were contaminated. Seedling vigor, probably related to seed germinative energy, may have been an important factor affecting disease severity. Efforts to reduce contamination by mechanical brushing or treatments with hydrogen peroxide or bleach solutions were ineffective. Seed-borne inoculum is important in disease epidemiology. Improved techniques to reduce level of pathogen contamination and spread during seed processing are required. Close

• 14. [Article] Interrelationships among northern flying squirrels, truffles, and microhabitat structure in Sierra Nevada old-growth habitat

  During 1997–1998, we investigated the influence of both the relative abundance of truffles, preferred food items, and microhabitat structure on the occurrence of northern flying squirrels (Glaucomys sabrinus ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Interrelationships among northern flying squirrels, truffles, and microhabitat structure in Sierra Nevada old-growth habitat Author: Longland, William S., Pyare, Sanjay During 1997–1998, we investigated the influence of both the relative abundance of truffles, preferred food items, and microhabitat structure on the occurrence of northern flying squirrels (Glaucomys sabrinus Shaw) in old-growth forest habitat of the Sierra Nevada Range, U.S.A. Following live-trapping sessions, we searched the forest floor for truffle diggings and sampled the soil for truffles. Diggings were more abundant where flying squirrels were captured, suggesting squirrels were active near areas of the forest floor where truffles had recently been excavated. The frequency of sampling plots with truffles was higher where squirrels were captured, further suggesting preferences for microhabitats where truffles were more abundant. We also measured 15 microhabitat variables at trap stations to evaluate the influence of aboveground microhabitat characteristics on squirrel occurrence. Results indicated that flying squirrels preferred microhabitats with understory cover, which may minimize predation from aerial predators like spotted owls (Strix occidentalis Merriam). Neither abundance of coarse woody debris, a feature conducive to fungal growth, nor the abundance of potential nesting sites (i.e., snags) measurably influenced squirrel occurrence. While various aboveground forest-microhabitat characteristics affect the use of old-growth forests by flying squirrels, these animals refine their use of these forests based on fine-scale changes in the availability of a highly preferred and ephemeral food item. Title: Interrelationships among northern flying squirrels, truffles, and microhabitat structure in Sierra Nevada old-growth habitat Author: Longland, William S., Pyare, Sanjay During 1997–1998, we investigated the influence of both the relative abundance of truffles, preferred food items, and microhabitat structure on the occurrence of northern flying squirrels (Glaucomys sabrinus Shaw) in old-growth forest habitat of the Sierra Nevada Range, U.S.A. Following live-trapping sessions, we searched the forest floor for truffle diggings and sampled the soil for truffles. Diggings were more abundant where flying squirrels were captured, suggesting squirrels were active near areas of the forest floor where truffles had recently been excavated. The frequency of sampling plots with truffles was higher where squirrels were captured, further suggesting preferences for microhabitats where truffles were more abundant. We also measured 15 microhabitat variables at trap stations to evaluate the influence of aboveground microhabitat characteristics on squirrel occurrence. Results indicated that flying squirrels preferred microhabitats with understory cover, which may minimize predation from aerial predators like spotted owls (Strix occidentalis Merriam). Neither abundance of coarse woody debris, a feature conducive to fungal growth, nor the abundance of potential nesting sites (i.e., snags) measurably influenced squirrel occurrence. While various aboveground forest-microhabitat characteristics affect the use of old-growth forests by flying squirrels, these animals refine their use of these forests based on fine-scale changes in the availability of a highly preferred and ephemeral food item. Close

• 15. [Article] Evaluation of mountain pine beetle infestations, Lazier and Meadow Creek drainages, Plains District, Lolo National Forest, Montana, 1975

  Mountain pine beetle reached epidemic levels in the Lazier-Meadow Creek drainages on mixed ownership in 1972. A total of 118,486 trees with an estimated volume of 5,666,124 board feet was killed from 1972 ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Evaluation of mountain pine beetle infestations, Lazier and Meadow Creek drainages, Plains District, Lolo National Forest, Montana, 1975 Author: United States. Forest Service. Northern Region. Forest Environmental Protection, McGregor, Mark D., United States. Forest Service. Northern Region. State & Private Forestry Mountain pine beetle reached epidemic levels in the Lazier-Meadow Creek drainages on mixed ownership in 1972. A total of 118,486 trees with an estimated volume of 5,666,124 board feet was killed from 1972 through 1974. Presence of overstocked, mature, nearly pure lodgepole stands, coupled with favorable weather conditions, are believed to be responsible for outbreak development. Prompt salvage logging of infested and susceptible trees, and conversion to a mixed species stand, compatible with the designated habitat type and site index, are recommended to alter the course of the outbreak. Title: Evaluation of mountain pine beetle infestations, Lazier and Meadow Creek drainages, Plains District, Lolo National Forest, Montana, 1975 Author: United States. Forest Service. Northern Region. Forest Environmental Protection, McGregor, Mark D., United States. Forest Service. Northern Region. State & Private Forestry Mountain pine beetle reached epidemic levels in the Lazier-Meadow Creek drainages on mixed ownership in 1972. A total of 118,486 trees with an estimated volume of 5,666,124 board feet was killed from 1972 through 1974. Presence of overstocked, mature, nearly pure lodgepole stands, coupled with favorable weather conditions, are believed to be responsible for outbreak development. Prompt salvage logging of infested and susceptible trees, and conversion to a mixed species stand, compatible with the designated habitat type and site index, are recommended to alter the course of the outbreak. Close

• 16. [Article] Lodgepole pine needle cast in the lower Clark Fork River drainage

  The pine needle cast fungus, Lophodermella concolor, caused severe discoloration and subsequent defoliation of lodgepole pine on over 4,000 acres and light defoliation on over 4,500 acres of lodgepole ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Lodgepole pine needle cast in the lower Clark Fork River drainage Author: United States. Forest Service. Northern Region. State & Private Forestry, Williams, Ralph E. The pine needle cast fungus, Lophodermella concolor, caused severe discoloration and subsequent defoliation of lodgepole pine on over 4,000 acres and light defoliation on over 4,500 acres of lodgepole pine in the lower Clark Fork River drainage in 1975. Some trees had lost the last 3 years' growth of needles, undoubtedly due to L. concolor infection in those years. Mortality related to defoliation was not found. Damage occurred over a wide range of habitat types and was most commonly found in pole size stands heavily stocked with lodgepole pine. Title: Lodgepole pine needle cast in the lower Clark Fork River drainage Author: United States. Forest Service. Northern Region. State & Private Forestry, Williams, Ralph E. The pine needle cast fungus, Lophodermella concolor, caused severe discoloration and subsequent defoliation of lodgepole pine on over 4,000 acres and light defoliation on over 4,500 acres of lodgepole pine in the lower Clark Fork River drainage in 1975. Some trees had lost the last 3 years' growth of needles, undoubtedly due to L. concolor infection in those years. Mortality related to defoliation was not found. Damage occurred over a wide range of habitat types and was most commonly found in pole size stands heavily stocked with lodgepole pine. Close

• 17. [Article] Douglas-fir beetle population assessment : Idaho Panhandle National Forests

  The unusually large amount of ice, snow, and wind-damaged trees that occurred during the winter of 1996-97 provided prime habitat for populations of the Douglas-fir beetle (DFB) (Dendroctonus pseudotsugae) to ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Douglas-fir beetle population assessment : Idaho Panhandle National Forests Author: United States. Forest Service. Northern Region, Kegley, Sandy, United States. Forest Health Protection The unusually large amount of ice, snow, and wind-damaged trees that occurred during the winter of 1996-97 provided prime habitat for populations of the Douglas-fir beetle (DFB) (Dendroctonus pseudotsugae) to build to epidemic numbers. Beetles emerged during the spring and summer of 1998, attacking hundreds of thousands of standing Douglas-fir trees. Beetle attacks continued in green trees in 1999. This report documents DFB population assessments in 1999, including ground surveys of current beetle populations and aerial survey, which reports 1998 killed trees. Title: Douglas-fir beetle population assessment : Idaho Panhandle National Forests Author: United States. Forest Service. Northern Region, Kegley, Sandy, United States. Forest Health Protection The unusually large amount of ice, snow, and wind-damaged trees that occurred during the winter of 1996-97 provided prime habitat for populations of the Douglas-fir beetle (DFB) (Dendroctonus pseudotsugae) to build to epidemic numbers. Beetles emerged during the spring and summer of 1998, attacking hundreds of thousands of standing Douglas-fir trees. Beetle attacks continued in green trees in 1999. This report documents DFB population assessments in 1999, including ground surveys of current beetle populations and aerial survey, which reports 1998 killed trees. Close

• 18. [Article] Vegetation and ecological characteristics of mixed-conifer and red fir forests at the Teakettle Experimental Forest

  Detailed analysis of mixed-conifer and red fir forests were made from extensive, large vegetation sampling, systematically conducted throughout the Teakettle Experimental Forest. Mixed conifer is characterized ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Vegetation and ecological characteristics of mixed-conifer and red fir forests at the Teakettle Experimental Forest Author: Johnson, Dale, North, Malcolm, Purcell, Kathryn, Roath, Brent, Erickson, Heather, Meyer, Marc, Izzo, Antonio, Oakley, Brian, Schowalter, Tim, Rizzo, Dave, Chen, Jiquan, Ma, Siyan, Marra, Jim, Gray, Andrew, Rambo, Tom Detailed analysis of mixed-conifer and red fir forests were made from extensive, large vegetation sampling, systematically conducted throughout the Teakettle Experimental Forest. Mixed conifer is characterized by distinct patch conditions of closed-canopy tree clusters, persistent gaps and shrub thickets. This heterogeneous spatial structure provides contrasting microclimate, habitat and resource conditions probably associated with the high diversity of understory plants, fungi, and invertebrates found in ongoing studies in the Teakettle Experiment. In contrast, red fir forests are more homogeneous with continuous high canopy cover, cooler, more consistent microclimate conditions and fewer plant species. In both forests, annual fluctuations in available soil moisture resulting from El Niño influences on snow pack depth may have a significant influence on tree establishment and understory diversity. In depth descriptions of Teakettle’s mixed conifer may provide a target of historic old-growth conditions for forest management. Title: Vegetation and ecological characteristics of mixed-conifer and red fir forests at the Teakettle Experimental Forest Author: Johnson, Dale, North, Malcolm, Purcell, Kathryn, Roath, Brent, Erickson, Heather, Meyer, Marc, Izzo, Antonio, Oakley, Brian, Schowalter, Tim, Rizzo, Dave, Chen, Jiquan, Ma, Siyan, Marra, Jim, Gray, Andrew, Rambo, Tom Detailed analysis of mixed-conifer and red fir forests were made from extensive, large vegetation sampling, systematically conducted throughout the Teakettle Experimental Forest. Mixed conifer is characterized by distinct patch conditions of closed-canopy tree clusters, persistent gaps and shrub thickets. This heterogeneous spatial structure provides contrasting microclimate, habitat and resource conditions probably associated with the high diversity of understory plants, fungi, and invertebrates found in ongoing studies in the Teakettle Experiment. In contrast, red fir forests are more homogeneous with continuous high canopy cover, cooler, more consistent microclimate conditions and fewer plant species. In both forests, annual fluctuations in available soil moisture resulting from El Niño influences on snow pack depth may have a significant influence on tree establishment and understory diversity. In depth descriptions of Teakettle’s mixed conifer may provide a target of historic old-growth conditions for forest management. Close

• 19. [Article] Forest habitat types on the Medicine Bow National Forest, southeastern Wyoming : preliminary report

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Forest habitat types on the Medicine Bow National Forest, southeastern Wyoming : preliminary report Author: Alexander, Robert R., Wirsing, John M. Title: Forest habitat types on the Medicine Bow National Forest, southeastern Wyoming : preliminary report Author: Alexander, Robert R., Wirsing, John M. Close

• 20. [Article] Prey Patch Patterns Predict Habitat Use by Top Marine Predators with Diverse Foraging Strategies

  To the best of our knowledge, one or more authors of this paper were federal employees when contributing to this work. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by the Public ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Prey Patch Patterns Predict Habitat Use by Top Marine Predators with Diverse Foraging Strategies Author: Paredes, Rosana, Kuletz, Kathy J., Waluk, Chad M., Suryan, Robert M., Irons, David, Battaile, Brian C., Nordstrom, Chad A., Jones, Nathan, Trites, Andrew W., Benoit-Bird, Kelly J., Heppell, Scott A., Hoover, Brian To the best of our knowledge, one or more authors of this paper were federal employees when contributing to this work. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by the Public Library of Science and can be found at: http://www.plosone.org/home.action. Title: Prey Patch Patterns Predict Habitat Use by Top Marine Predators with Diverse Foraging Strategies Author: Paredes, Rosana, Kuletz, Kathy J., Waluk, Chad M., Suryan, Robert M., Irons, David, Battaile, Brian C., Nordstrom, Chad A., Jones, Nathan, Trites, Andrew W., Benoit-Bird, Kelly J., Heppell, Scott A., Hoover, Brian To the best of our knowledge, one or more authors of this paper were federal employees when contributing to this work. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by the Public Library of Science and can be found at: http://www.plosone.org/home.action. Close