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• 11. [Article] Effects of U.S. commodity programs on farm growth

  The U.S. farm sector has undergone dramatic structural change during the past fifty years, a chief result being that the number of large farms has increased relative to the number of small farms. Numerous ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Effects of U.S. commodity programs on farm growth Author: Sukume, Chrispen The U.S. farm sector has undergone dramatic structural change during the past fifty years, a chief result being that the number of large farms has increased relative to the number of small farms. Numerous agricultural policies have been instituted, with the partial objective of preserving the family farm. At the same time, a number of studies have attempted to ascertain the contribution of various forces, including farm programs, toward the observed changes in average farm size. These studies have tended to concentrate on aggregate effects, ignoring farm-level and dynamic effects of program and nonprogram factors on farm growth. The present study overcomes such limitations by utilizing a farm-level dynamic growth model which links consumption, production, and investment decisions. Steady-state comparative static and local comparative dynamic analysis of the dynamic model solutions indicate qualitative effects of program and nonprogram factors on farm growth. Simulation of quantitative effects are conducted on econometric estimates of the dynamic model solutions, using Kansas wheat farm data. Empirical results show that set-aside-percentage-type instruments (required and voluntary set-aside percentages) induce longrun net equity increases in small farms and longrun net equity decreases in large farms. In both size classes, set-aside instruments increase longrun land holdings, the increases being greater in larger than in smaller farms. After considering effects on rented land, the effect of set-aside-type instruments on overall scale of operation is negligible. Payment-rate-type instruments (per-acre deficiency, voluntary and paid diversion payment rates) increase longrun net equity and consumption in both small and large farms. They lead to longrun land ownership increases in small farms and decreases in large farms. However, they lead also to increases in rented land, the increase being greater in larger than in smaller farms. Net effect on scale of operation is nonsignificant. Finally, nonprogram factors affect growth also. Technical change increases net equity and landholding in large farms more than in small farms. In both large and small farms, increases in prices of land's substitutes, lead to net equity increases, whereas increases in prices of complements reduce net equity. In the longrun, output price increases encourage consumption and reduce net equity. Title: Effects of U.S. commodity programs on farm growth Author: Sukume, Chrispen The U.S. farm sector has undergone dramatic structural change during the past fifty years, a chief result being that the number of large farms has increased relative to the number of small farms. Numerous agricultural policies have been instituted, with the partial objective of preserving the family farm. At the same time, a number of studies have attempted to ascertain the contribution of various forces, including farm programs, toward the observed changes in average farm size. These studies have tended to concentrate on aggregate effects, ignoring farm-level and dynamic effects of program and nonprogram factors on farm growth. The present study overcomes such limitations by utilizing a farm-level dynamic growth model which links consumption, production, and investment decisions. Steady-state comparative static and local comparative dynamic analysis of the dynamic model solutions indicate qualitative effects of program and nonprogram factors on farm growth. Simulation of quantitative effects are conducted on econometric estimates of the dynamic model solutions, using Kansas wheat farm data. Empirical results show that set-aside-percentage-type instruments (required and voluntary set-aside percentages) induce longrun net equity increases in small farms and longrun net equity decreases in large farms. In both size classes, set-aside instruments increase longrun land holdings, the increases being greater in larger than in smaller farms. After considering effects on rented land, the effect of set-aside-type instruments on overall scale of operation is negligible. Payment-rate-type instruments (per-acre deficiency, voluntary and paid diversion payment rates) increase longrun net equity and consumption in both small and large farms. They lead to longrun land ownership increases in small farms and decreases in large farms. However, they lead also to increases in rented land, the increase being greater in larger than in smaller farms. Net effect on scale of operation is nonsignificant. Finally, nonprogram factors affect growth also. Technical change increases net equity and landholding in large farms more than in small farms. In both large and small farms, increases in prices of land's substitutes, lead to net equity increases, whereas increases in prices of complements reduce net equity. In the longrun, output price increases encourage consumption and reduce net equity. Close

• 12. [Article] Determinants of Land Leasing Decisions for Shrimp Farming: A Case Study of Smallholders' Shrimp Farming In India

  Using primary data collected from 208 shrimp farming households and 69 households leasing-out land for shrimp farming, this paper explores the demographic and economic factors influencing the land leasing ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Determinants of Land Leasing Decisions for Shrimp Farming: A Case Study of Smallholders' Shrimp Farming In India Author: Bhattacharya, Poulomi Using primary data collected from 208 shrimp farming households and 69 households leasing-out land for shrimp farming, this paper explores the demographic and economic factors influencing the land leasing decisions for traditional and scientific shrimp farming in West Bengal, India, applying Tobit Model. The results indicate that size of households‟ land holding is positively related with the extent of land leased-in for traditional shrimp farming whereas for scientific shrimp farming the association was found to be negative. This signifies that land leasing market does not facilitate the households having lesser landholding to lease-in land for shrimp culture in the case of traditional shrimp farming whereas in the case of scientific shrimp farming it does facilitate such households. In the case of traditional shrimp farming households‟ association with other fisheries related activities was also found to have positive influence on their leasing-in decisions . On the supply side, variables like number of adult male members, households‟ association with fisheries related activities and non-farm assets were found to have positive, negative and positive association respectively with the extent of land leased-out for traditional shrimp farming. The analysis also exhibits that the age of the household head has negative relationship with the extent of land leased-out by them both in the case of traditional and scientific shrimp farming. This signifies that existing institutional arrangements in shrimp farming of West Bengal are not considerably successful to motivate young rural people to undertake shrimp farming on their own instead of leasing-out land for shrimp culture and aquaculture policies should address this aspect. Title: Determinants of Land Leasing Decisions for Shrimp Farming: A Case Study of Smallholders' Shrimp Farming In India Author: Bhattacharya, Poulomi Using primary data collected from 208 shrimp farming households and 69 households leasing-out land for shrimp farming, this paper explores the demographic and economic factors influencing the land leasing decisions for traditional and scientific shrimp farming in West Bengal, India, applying Tobit Model. The results indicate that size of households‟ land holding is positively related with the extent of land leased-in for traditional shrimp farming whereas for scientific shrimp farming the association was found to be negative. This signifies that land leasing market does not facilitate the households having lesser landholding to lease-in land for shrimp culture in the case of traditional shrimp farming whereas in the case of scientific shrimp farming it does facilitate such households. In the case of traditional shrimp farming households‟ association with other fisheries related activities was also found to have positive influence on their leasing-in decisions . On the supply side, variables like number of adult male members, households‟ association with fisheries related activities and non-farm assets were found to have positive, negative and positive association respectively with the extent of land leased-out for traditional shrimp farming. The analysis also exhibits that the age of the household head has negative relationship with the extent of land leased-out by them both in the case of traditional and scientific shrimp farming. This signifies that existing institutional arrangements in shrimp farming of West Bengal are not considerably successful to motivate young rural people to undertake shrimp farming on their own instead of leasing-out land for shrimp culture and aquaculture policies should address this aspect. Close

• 13. [Article] Cost and Returns of Extensive Shrimp (Penaeus Monodon) in Disease-Affected Area: A Farm Ownerships Comparison

  Abstract only.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Cost and Returns of Extensive Shrimp (Penaeus Monodon) in Disease-Affected Area: A Farm Ownerships Comparison Author: Nazmul Alam, S. M. Abstract only. Title: Cost and Returns of Extensive Shrimp (Penaeus Monodon) in Disease-Affected Area: A Farm Ownerships Comparison Author: Nazmul Alam, S. M. Abstract only. Close

• 14. [Article] Growing farms : successful whole farm management planning book : think it! write it!

  Published October 2011. Reviewed October 2015. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Growing farms : successful whole farm management planning book : think it! write it! Author: Martin, Dana (Dana Lou), Fery, Melissa, Matthewson, Melissa, Angima, S. D., Andrews, N. (Nick), Pool, Kristin, Oregon State University. Extension Service, Stephenson, Garry Owen Published October 2011. Reviewed October 2015. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog Title: Growing farms : successful whole farm management planning book : think it! write it! Author: Martin, Dana (Dana Lou), Fery, Melissa, Matthewson, Melissa, Angima, S. D., Andrews, N. (Nick), Pool, Kristin, Oregon State University. Extension Service, Stephenson, Garry Owen Published October 2011. Reviewed October 2015. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog Close

• 15. [Article] Data requirements and transmittal techniques for applied farm organization linear programming

  Linear programming is now widely accepted and used by researchers and industrial management people, but its adoption by farm managers has been slow. This study concentrates on the development of improved ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Data requirements and transmittal techniques for applied farm organization linear programming Author: Miles, Stanley Linear programming is now widely accepted and used by researchers and industrial management people, but its adoption by farm managers has been slow. This study concentrates on the development of improved data transmittal techniques for farm organization linear programming. The program model is designed to analyze crop production alternatives. Models presently in use were studied for 1). restriction and activity format and 2). data transmittal input and output techniques. In spite of the availability of linear programming models, the lack of input and report generating programs has limited the application of linear programming as a practical farm management tool. Input forms and computer reports were designed for ease of use and interpretation by farm managers. The system was then programmed by the Oregon State University Computer Center and tested for practical application on a case farm. Various problems appeared which required a redesign of the forms and computer reports. A "Cooperators Manual" was then written to explain the system to potential users. After several program changes, the system was tested on six selected farms. The farmers completed the forms for their operations indicating the resources available and the crop activity coefficients. The farmers, after receiving the computer reports, completed a questionnaire stating their experiences and thoughts regarding this farm planning system. A record was kept of the farm manager's time in filling out the input forms. Computer processing cost for each farm was also recorded. The farm managers were generally quite receptive to this method of systematized budgeting. They all indicated that they planned to implement at least part of the suggested organization It was found that records, of some description, were needed in going through the process of completing the forms. County agents and published data can also be used in the information-gathering process. This study reveals that data transmittal techniques can be developed such that farm managers can communicate readily with the computer. Better communication will make other technical tools, in addition to linear programming, useful in modern farm business management. Title: Data requirements and transmittal techniques for applied farm organization linear programming Author: Miles, Stanley Linear programming is now widely accepted and used by researchers and industrial management people, but its adoption by farm managers has been slow. This study concentrates on the development of improved data transmittal techniques for farm organization linear programming. The program model is designed to analyze crop production alternatives. Models presently in use were studied for 1). restriction and activity format and 2). data transmittal input and output techniques. In spite of the availability of linear programming models, the lack of input and report generating programs has limited the application of linear programming as a practical farm management tool. Input forms and computer reports were designed for ease of use and interpretation by farm managers. The system was then programmed by the Oregon State University Computer Center and tested for practical application on a case farm. Various problems appeared which required a redesign of the forms and computer reports. A "Cooperators Manual" was then written to explain the system to potential users. After several program changes, the system was tested on six selected farms. The farmers completed the forms for their operations indicating the resources available and the crop activity coefficients. The farmers, after receiving the computer reports, completed a questionnaire stating their experiences and thoughts regarding this farm planning system. A record was kept of the farm manager's time in filling out the input forms. Computer processing cost for each farm was also recorded. The farm managers were generally quite receptive to this method of systematized budgeting. They all indicated that they planned to implement at least part of the suggested organization It was found that records, of some description, were needed in going through the process of completing the forms. County agents and published data can also be used in the information-gathering process. This study reveals that data transmittal techniques can be developed such that farm managers can communicate readily with the computer. Better communication will make other technical tools, in addition to linear programming, useful in modern farm business management. Close

• 16. [Article] The Economics of Norwegian Salmon Farming: A Review of 30 years of Production Growth

  Power Point presentation.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The Economics of Norwegian Salmon Farming: A Review of 30 years of Production Growth Author: Rødseth, Kenneth Løvold, Guttormsen, Atle G. Power Point presentation. Title: The Economics of Norwegian Salmon Farming: A Review of 30 years of Production Growth Author: Rødseth, Kenneth Løvold, Guttormsen, Atle G. Power Point presentation. Close

• 17. [Article] Returns of Different Cropping Systems in Disease-Affected Shrimp Areas in Southwest Bangladesh: An Economic Evaluation

  Abstract only.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Returns of Different Cropping Systems in Disease-Affected Shrimp Areas in Southwest Bangladesh: An Economic Evaluation Author: Alam, S. M. Nazmul, Pokrant, Bob Abstract only. Title: Returns of Different Cropping Systems in Disease-Affected Shrimp Areas in Southwest Bangladesh: An Economic Evaluation Author: Alam, S. M. Nazmul, Pokrant, Bob Abstract only. Close

• 18. [Article] Farmed fish in European seafood consumption: perception versus numbers

  Research Paper

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Farmed fish in European seafood consumption: perception versus numbers Author: Paquotte, Philippe Research Paper Title: Farmed fish in European seafood consumption: perception versus numbers Author: Paquotte, Philippe Research Paper Close

• 19. [Article] Fundamental Issues In The Salmon Aquaculture Debate

  Research Paper

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Fundamental Issues In The Salmon Aquaculture Debate Author: Knapp, Gunnar Research Paper Title: Fundamental Issues In The Salmon Aquaculture Debate Author: Knapp, Gunnar Research Paper Close

• 20. [Article] Cultural evolution and small-scale farming

  Small-scale farmers are defined under United States Department of Agriculture guidelines as those whose gross farm sales are less than $40,000. They are typically contrasted with mid-scale farmers whose ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Cultural evolution and small-scale farming Author: Caday, Peter P. Small-scale farmers are defined under United States Department of Agriculture guidelines as those whose gross farm sales are less than $40,000. They are typically contrasted with mid-scale farmers whose gross sales are less than $100,000, and with large-scale farmers whose sales are more than $100,000. Arguments from cultural and historical sources are cited to show that in fact only two cultural traditions may be distinguished: family farmers and industrial farmers. Furthermore, these two traditions represent contemporary examples of specific and general trends in cultural evolution. The small-scale or family farm tradition is examined at length, based on results from the 1978 Small Farm Project interviews in Polk County, Oregon, and on the author's subsequent survey in 1985, as well as other published sources. The salient features of the small-scale farming lifeway, including its perceived strengths and weaknesses, is presented and recommendations are advanced for ways in which small farm communities may be helped to survive or even thrive in the presence of apparent dominance by large-scale, industrial farms. Title: Cultural evolution and small-scale farming Author: Caday, Peter P. Small-scale farmers are defined under United States Department of Agriculture guidelines as those whose gross farm sales are less than $40,000. They are typically contrasted with mid-scale farmers whose gross sales are less than $100,000, and with large-scale farmers whose sales are more than $100,000. Arguments from cultural and historical sources are cited to show that in fact only two cultural traditions may be distinguished: family farmers and industrial farmers. Furthermore, these two traditions represent contemporary examples of specific and general trends in cultural evolution. The small-scale or family farm tradition is examined at length, based on results from the 1978 Small Farm Project interviews in Polk County, Oregon, and on the author's subsequent survey in 1985, as well as other published sources. The salient features of the small-scale farming lifeway, including its perceived strengths and weaknesses, is presented and recommendations are advanced for ways in which small farm communities may be helped to survive or even thrive in the presence of apparent dominance by large-scale, industrial farms. Close