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• 1. [Article] Google Trends: Is there any significant correlation between Google Search Volume Index and Actual World Trends?

  Google Trends is a powerful tool in extracting and comparing searched terms through the time. It simply shows the increasing or decreasing of searching times for any term on the biggest search engine on ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Google Trends: Is there any significant correlation between Google Search Volume Index and Actual World Trends? Author: Alizadeh, Yasser, Lingga, Marwan Mossa Year: 2010 Google Trends is a powerful tool in extracting and comparing searched terms through the time. It simply shows the increasing or decreasing of searching times for any term on the biggest search engine on the web. The goal of this paper is to find out whether Google Trends data has a significant correlation with the characteristics of the subject in the real world or not? For instance, is there any meaningful correlation between “volume search index” in Google Trends for a term like “Oil Price” and actual worldwide Oil price? This paper tests the hypothesis on two similar cases; “Oil Price” and “Gold Price” to answer the above question. Research findings have shown a strong correlation between Google Trends volume search index and actual real world data for both terms. We have concluded that Google Trends could be a valuable, fast and free tool to predict the trends of such a trends, although it definitely needs more studies for verification or generalize the method. Limitations of Google Trends and our research have been mentioned as well. Title: Google Trends: Is there any significant correlation between Google Search Volume Index and Actual World Trends? Author: Alizadeh, Yasser, Lingga, Marwan Mossa Year: 2010 Google Trends is a powerful tool in extracting and comparing searched terms through the time. It simply shows the increasing or decreasing of searching times for any term on the biggest search engine on the web. The goal of this paper is to find out whether Google Trends data has a significant correlation with the characteristics of the subject in the real world or not? For instance, is there any meaningful correlation between “volume search index” in Google Trends for a term like “Oil Price” and actual worldwide Oil price? This paper tests the hypothesis on two similar cases; “Oil Price” and “Gold Price” to answer the above question. Research findings have shown a strong correlation between Google Trends volume search index and actual real world data for both terms. We have concluded that Google Trends could be a valuable, fast and free tool to predict the trends of such a trends, although it definitely needs more studies for verification or generalize the method. Limitations of Google Trends and our research have been mentioned as well. Close

• 2. [Article] Structure and evolution of the Horse Heaven Hills in south-central Washington

  The Horse Heaven Hills uplift in south-central Washington consists of distinct northwest and northeast trends which merge in the lower Yakima Valley. The northwest trend is adjacent to and parallels the ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Structure and evolution of the Horse Heaven Hills in south-central Washington Author: Hagood, Michael Curtis Year: 1985 The Horse Heaven Hills uplift in south-central Washington consists of distinct northwest and northeast trends which merge in the lower Yakima Valley. The northwest trend is adjacent to and parallels the Rattlesnake-Wallula alignment (RAW; a part of the Olympic-Wallowa lineament). The northwest trend and northeast trend consist of aligned or en echelon anticlines and monoclines whose axes are generally oriented in the direction of the trend. At the intersection, folds in the northeast trend plunge onto and are terminated by folds of the northwest trend. Title: Structure and evolution of the Horse Heaven Hills in south-central Washington Author: Hagood, Michael Curtis Year: 1985 The Horse Heaven Hills uplift in south-central Washington consists of distinct northwest and northeast trends which merge in the lower Yakima Valley. The northwest trend is adjacent to and parallels the Rattlesnake-Wallula alignment (RAW; a part of the Olympic-Wallowa lineament). The northwest trend and northeast trend consist of aligned or en echelon anticlines and monoclines whose axes are generally oriented in the direction of the trend. At the intersection, folds in the northeast trend plunge onto and are terminated by folds of the northwest trend. Close

• 3. [Article] Precipitation Intensity Trend Detection using Hourly and Daily Observations in Portland, Oregon

  The intensity of precipitation is expected to increase in response to climate change, but the regions where this may occur are unclear. The lack of certainty from climate models warrants an examination ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Precipitation Intensity Trend Detection using Hourly and Daily Observations in Portland, Oregon Author: Cooley, Alexis, Chang, Heejun Year: 2017 The intensity of precipitation is expected to increase in response to climate change, but the regions where this may occur are unclear. The lack of certainty from climate models warrants an examination of trends in observational records. However, the temporal resolution of records may affect the success of trend detection. Daily observations are often used, but may be too coarse to detect changes. Sub-daily records may improve detection, but their value is not yet quantified. Using daily and hourly records from 24 rain gages in Portland, Oregon (OR), trends in precipitation intensity and volume are examined for the period of 1999–2015. Daily intensity is measured using the Simple Daily Intensity Index, and this method is adapted to measure hourly scale intensity. Kendall’s tau, a non-parametric correlation coefficient, is used for monotonic trend detection. Field significance and tests for spatial autocorrelation using Moran’s Index are used to determine the significance of group hypothesis tests. Results indicate that the hourly data is superior in trend detection when compared with daily data; more trends are detected with hourly scale data at both the 5% and 10% significance levels. Hourly records showed a significant increase in 6 of 12 months, while daily records showed a significant increase in 4 of 12 months at the 10% significance level. At both scales increasing trends were concentrated in spring and summer months, while no winter trends were detected. Volume was shown to be increasing in most months experiencing increased intensity, and is a probable driver of the intensity trends observed. Title: Precipitation Intensity Trend Detection using Hourly and Daily Observations in Portland, Oregon Author: Cooley, Alexis, Chang, Heejun Year: 2017 The intensity of precipitation is expected to increase in response to climate change, but the regions where this may occur are unclear. The lack of certainty from climate models warrants an examination of trends in observational records. However, the temporal resolution of records may affect the success of trend detection. Daily observations are often used, but may be too coarse to detect changes. Sub-daily records may improve detection, but their value is not yet quantified. Using daily and hourly records from 24 rain gages in Portland, Oregon (OR), trends in precipitation intensity and volume are examined for the period of 1999–2015. Daily intensity is measured using the Simple Daily Intensity Index, and this method is adapted to measure hourly scale intensity. Kendall’s tau, a non-parametric correlation coefficient, is used for monotonic trend detection. Field significance and tests for spatial autocorrelation using Moran’s Index are used to determine the significance of group hypothesis tests. Results indicate that the hourly data is superior in trend detection when compared with daily data; more trends are detected with hourly scale data at both the 5% and 10% significance levels. Hourly records showed a significant increase in 6 of 12 months, while daily records showed a significant increase in 4 of 12 months at the 10% significance level. At both scales increasing trends were concentrated in spring and summer months, while no winter trends were detected. Volume was shown to be increasing in most months experiencing increased intensity, and is a probable driver of the intensity trends observed. Close

• 4. [Article] Can Significant Trends be Detected in Surface Air Temperature and Precipitation Over South America in Recent Decades?

  Trends in near-surface air temperature and precipitation over South America are examined for the periods 1975–2004 and 1955–2004, respectively, using multiple observational and climate model data sets. ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Can Significant Trends be Detected in Surface Air Temperature and Precipitation Over South America in Recent Decades? Author: de Barros Soares, Daniel, Lee, Huikyo, Loikith, Paul C., Barkhordarian, Armineh, Mechoso, Carlos R. Year: 2016 Trends in near-surface air temperature and precipitation over South America are examined for the periods 1975–2004 and 1955–2004, respectively, using multiple observational and climate model data sets. The results for observed near-surface air temperature show an overall warming trend over much of the continent, with the largest magnitudes over central Brazil. These observed trends are found to be statistically significant using pre-industrial control simulations from the fifth phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) as the baseline to estimate natural climate variability. The observed trends are compared with those obtained in natural-only CMIP5 simulations, in which only natural forcings (i.e. volcanoes and solar variability) are included, and in historical CMIP5 simulations, in which anthropogenic forcings (i.e. changes in the atmospheric composition) are further incorporated. The historical CMIP5 simulations are more successful in capturing the observed temperature trends than the simulations with natural forcings only. It is suggested that anthropogenic warming is already evident over much of South America. Unlike the warming trends, observed precipitation trends over South America are less spatially coherent with both negative and positive values across the continent. Significant positive trends are found over South America in only one of the data sets used, and over a region that roughly encompasses the southern part of La Plata Basin (southern Brazil, Uruguay, and northeastern Argentina) in all data sets used. The historical CMIP5 simulations do not capture this feature. No firm conclusions are reached, therefore, for anthropogenic influences on precipitation changes in the period selected for study. Title: Can Significant Trends be Detected in Surface Air Temperature and Precipitation Over South America in Recent Decades? Author: de Barros Soares, Daniel, Lee, Huikyo, Loikith, Paul C., Barkhordarian, Armineh, Mechoso, Carlos R. Year: 2016 Trends in near-surface air temperature and precipitation over South America are examined for the periods 1975–2004 and 1955–2004, respectively, using multiple observational and climate model data sets. The results for observed near-surface air temperature show an overall warming trend over much of the continent, with the largest magnitudes over central Brazil. These observed trends are found to be statistically significant using pre-industrial control simulations from the fifth phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) as the baseline to estimate natural climate variability. The observed trends are compared with those obtained in natural-only CMIP5 simulations, in which only natural forcings (i.e. volcanoes and solar variability) are included, and in historical CMIP5 simulations, in which anthropogenic forcings (i.e. changes in the atmospheric composition) are further incorporated. The historical CMIP5 simulations are more successful in capturing the observed temperature trends than the simulations with natural forcings only. It is suggested that anthropogenic warming is already evident over much of South America. Unlike the warming trends, observed precipitation trends over South America are less spatially coherent with both negative and positive values across the continent. Significant positive trends are found over South America in only one of the data sets used, and over a region that roughly encompasses the southern part of La Plata Basin (southern Brazil, Uruguay, and northeastern Argentina) in all data sets used. The historical CMIP5 simulations do not capture this feature. No firm conclusions are reached, therefore, for anthropogenic influences on precipitation changes in the period selected for study. Close

• 5. [Article] Detecting Change in Rainstorm Properties from 1977-2016 and Associated Future Flood Risks in Portland, Oregon

  In response to increased greenhouse gases and global temperatures, changes to the hydrologic cycle are projected to occur and new precipitation characteristics are expected to emerge. The study of these ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Detecting Change in Rainstorm Properties from 1977-2016 and Associated Future Flood Risks in Portland, Oregon Author: Cooley, Alexis Kirsten Year: 2017 In response to increased greenhouse gases and global temperatures, changes to the hydrologic cycle are projected to occur and new precipitation characteristics are expected to emerge. The study of these characteristics is facilitated by common indices to measure precipitation and temperature developed by the Expert Team on Climate Change Detection and Indices (ETCCDI). These indices can be used to describe the likely consequences of climate change such as increased daily precipitation intensity (SDII) and heavier rainfall events (R95p). This study calculates a subset of these indices from observed and modelled precipitation data in Portland, Oregon. Five rainfall gages from a high resolution rain gage network and projections from three downscaled global climate models including CanESM2, CESM1, CNRM-CM5 are used to calculate precipitation indices. Mann-Kendall's tau is used to detect monotonic trends in indices. The observational record is compared with models for the historic period (1977-2005) and these past trends are compared with projected future trends (2006-2100). The influence of study unit on trend detection is analyzed by computing trends at the annual and monthly scale. Study unit is show to be important for trend detection. When the annual study unit is used, projected future trends towards increased precipitation intensity and event volumes are not observed in the historic data. However, when analyzed with a monthly study unit, trends towards increased precipitation intensity and event volumes are observed in the historic data. These trends are shown to be important for Portland area flooding, as precipitation indices are shown to significantly correlate with 40 maximum peak flow events that occurred during the period of study. Title: Detecting Change in Rainstorm Properties from 1977-2016 and Associated Future Flood Risks in Portland, Oregon Author: Cooley, Alexis Kirsten Year: 2017 In response to increased greenhouse gases and global temperatures, changes to the hydrologic cycle are projected to occur and new precipitation characteristics are expected to emerge. The study of these characteristics is facilitated by common indices to measure precipitation and temperature developed by the Expert Team on Climate Change Detection and Indices (ETCCDI). These indices can be used to describe the likely consequences of climate change such as increased daily precipitation intensity (SDII) and heavier rainfall events (R95p). This study calculates a subset of these indices from observed and modelled precipitation data in Portland, Oregon. Five rainfall gages from a high resolution rain gage network and projections from three downscaled global climate models including CanESM2, CESM1, CNRM-CM5 are used to calculate precipitation indices. Mann-Kendall's tau is used to detect monotonic trends in indices. The observational record is compared with models for the historic period (1977-2005) and these past trends are compared with projected future trends (2006-2100). The influence of study unit on trend detection is analyzed by computing trends at the annual and monthly scale. Study unit is show to be important for trend detection. When the annual study unit is used, projected future trends towards increased precipitation intensity and event volumes are not observed in the historic data. However, when analyzed with a monthly study unit, trends towards increased precipitation intensity and event volumes are observed in the historic data. These trends are shown to be important for Portland area flooding, as precipitation indices are shown to significantly correlate with 40 maximum peak flow events that occurred during the period of study. Close

• 6. [Article] Avian population trends within the evolving agricultural landscape of the eastern and central United States

  State-level Breeding Bird Survey (1980-1998) and U.S. Department of Agriculture statistics were used to test the hypothesis that changes in agricultural land use within the eastern and central U.S. have ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Avian population trends within the evolving agricultural landscape of the eastern and central United States Author: Murphy, Michael T. Year: 2003 State-level Breeding Bird Survey (1980-1998) and U.S. Department of Agriculture statistics were used to test the hypothesis that changes in agricultural land use within the eastern and central U.S. have driven population trends of grassland and shrub habitat birds over the past two decades. The degree to which population trends differed between grassland and shrub habitats was evaluated with respect to migratory and nesting behavior. Grassland birds declined significantly between 1980 and 1999, but, on average, shrub habitat species did not. Grassland-breeding, long-distance migrants exhibited the strongest negative trends. Most species (78%; n = 63) exhibited at least one significant association between population trends and changes in agricultural land use, and in most, land use "explained" 25-30% of the variation in population trends among states. Changes in the farmland landscape accounted for more of the interstate variability of population trends of short-distance migrants than of both long-distance migrants and residents, and that variability was greater in grassland than shrub species. Declines in the area of rangeland and cover crops were followed by population declines and increases, respectively, by many species. Increases of land in the Conservation Reserve Program had negative associations with population trends of some shrub species. The results indicate that grassland birds have declined strongly over the past two decades, and that regardless of migratory behavior or nesting habits, avian population trends are linked strongly to changes in agricultural land use within North America. Title: Avian population trends within the evolving agricultural landscape of the eastern and central United States Author: Murphy, Michael T. Year: 2003 State-level Breeding Bird Survey (1980-1998) and U.S. Department of Agriculture statistics were used to test the hypothesis that changes in agricultural land use within the eastern and central U.S. have driven population trends of grassland and shrub habitat birds over the past two decades. The degree to which population trends differed between grassland and shrub habitats was evaluated with respect to migratory and nesting behavior. Grassland birds declined significantly between 1980 and 1999, but, on average, shrub habitat species did not. Grassland-breeding, long-distance migrants exhibited the strongest negative trends. Most species (78%; n = 63) exhibited at least one significant association between population trends and changes in agricultural land use, and in most, land use "explained" 25-30% of the variation in population trends among states. Changes in the farmland landscape accounted for more of the interstate variability of population trends of short-distance migrants than of both long-distance migrants and residents, and that variability was greater in grassland than shrub species. Declines in the area of rangeland and cover crops were followed by population declines and increases, respectively, by many species. Increases of land in the Conservation Reserve Program had negative associations with population trends of some shrub species. The results indicate that grassland birds have declined strongly over the past two decades, and that regardless of migratory behavior or nesting habits, avian population trends are linked strongly to changes in agricultural land use within North America. Close

• 7. [Article] Enhanced Computer Graphics for Decision Makers

  Words need a context to be understood. Visual patterns also need a context to convey their meaning. When patterns represent quantities in business graphics, decision makers (DMs) depend on contrasting ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Enhanced Computer Graphics for Decision Makers Author: Brock, Floyd James, Jr. Year: 1986 Words need a context to be understood. Visual patterns also need a context to convey their meaning. When patterns represent quantities in business graphics, decision makers (DMs) depend on contrasting visual contexts to discern patterns and discover relationships. Depending on the context in which DMs see trends, differences between two trends may point to a problem, to continuity, or to an opportunity. Can enhancing the context in computer graphics help DMs visualize problems? To answer this research question, three experiments were done in the field on computer graphics. One hundred five DMs tried 17 different contexts for time-series trends displayed on a microcomputer monitor. The research objective was to find out whether changing the context in graphics affected the decision efficiency (accuracy/response time) of DMs in determining relationships among trends. Essential for measuring the effect were interactive computer programs that displayed random trends in graphics of differing contexts, collected the DMs' answers to questions about the trends, and graded 1133 graphics based on the answers, response times, and trend data. The experimental results supported the hypothesis that computers can enhance the visual context surrounding time-series trends so that DMs can better visualize problems. Results were based on comparisons of DMs' decision efficiencies between trial graphics with differing contextual enhancements and based on answers to questions about the trial graphics. The results were tested with nonparametric statistics at the 0.05 significance level. Specific findings were: (1) Computer-supplied forecasts, as an enhancement, significantly helped DMs discover differences among trends. (2) Although not statistically significant, stratified presentation of trends and fading chartjunk tended to increase DMs' efficiencies. (3) Adding two colors, as an enhancement, made no difference in efficiency over black and white. (4) Paired trends in windows did not affect efficiency significantly. (5) Sequentially traced trends and composites of enhancements did not affect efficiency significantly. (6) DMs preferred stratified trends most and had the most confidence in graphics with fading context. They least liked and had the least confidence in black-and-white graphics. Title: Enhanced Computer Graphics for Decision Makers Author: Brock, Floyd James, Jr. Year: 1986 Words need a context to be understood. Visual patterns also need a context to convey their meaning. When patterns represent quantities in business graphics, decision makers (DMs) depend on contrasting visual contexts to discern patterns and discover relationships. Depending on the context in which DMs see trends, differences between two trends may point to a problem, to continuity, or to an opportunity. Can enhancing the context in computer graphics help DMs visualize problems? To answer this research question, three experiments were done in the field on computer graphics. One hundred five DMs tried 17 different contexts for time-series trends displayed on a microcomputer monitor. The research objective was to find out whether changing the context in graphics affected the decision efficiency (accuracy/response time) of DMs in determining relationships among trends. Essential for measuring the effect were interactive computer programs that displayed random trends in graphics of differing contexts, collected the DMs' answers to questions about the trends, and graded 1133 graphics based on the answers, response times, and trend data. The experimental results supported the hypothesis that computers can enhance the visual context surrounding time-series trends so that DMs can better visualize problems. Results were based on comparisons of DMs' decision efficiencies between trial graphics with differing contextual enhancements and based on answers to questions about the trial graphics. The results were tested with nonparametric statistics at the 0.05 significance level. Specific findings were: (1) Computer-supplied forecasts, as an enhancement, significantly helped DMs discover differences among trends. (2) Although not statistically significant, stratified presentation of trends and fading chartjunk tended to increase DMs' efficiencies. (3) Adding two colors, as an enhancement, made no difference in efficiency over black and white. (4) Paired trends in windows did not affect efficiency significantly. (5) Sequentially traced trends and composites of enhancements did not affect efficiency significantly. (6) DMs preferred stratified trends most and had the most confidence in graphics with fading context. They least liked and had the least confidence in black-and-white graphics. Close

• 8. [Article] Strategic Planning Development Team Meeting Notes 5/14/2015

  Each member of the group receives a copy of Chronicle of Higher Education’s Trends Report for 2015. Using this document, the SPDT develop main trends that impact PSU. Some of these trends include focusing ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Strategic Planning Development Team Meeting Notes 5/14/2015 Author: Strategic Planning Development Team Year: 2015 Each member of the group receives a copy of Chronicle of Higher Education’s Trends Report for 2015. Using this document, the SPDT develop main trends that impact PSU. Some of these trends include focusing on employability and alignment of academics with career prep, and student indebtedness. The committee continues their dialogue from previous meetings talking about national trends in college, from the previous meeting. Title: Strategic Planning Development Team Meeting Notes 5/14/2015 Author: Strategic Planning Development Team Year: 2015 Each member of the group receives a copy of Chronicle of Higher Education’s Trends Report for 2015. Using this document, the SPDT develop main trends that impact PSU. Some of these trends include focusing on employability and alignment of academics with career prep, and student indebtedness. The committee continues their dialogue from previous meetings talking about national trends in college, from the previous meeting. Close

• 9. [Article] Open Innovation Trend in Semiconductor Industry - A Foundry's Perspective

  Open Innovation is the new paradigm that most of the industries are incorporating in order to enhance mutual firm-customer value. Companies are bringing customers, suppliers, and partners under the common ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Open Innovation Trend in Semiconductor Industry - A Foundry's Perspective Author: Murthy, Mamatha, Lin, Chihsun, Honnappa, Lokesh, Xu, Yuan Year: 2011 Open Innovation is the new paradigm that most of the industries are incorporating in order to enhance mutual firm-customer value. Companies are bringing customers, suppliers, and partners under the common goal of shortening design time, minimizing time-to-volume and speeding time-to-market and ultimately time-to-money. This paper analyzes the trend of open innovation in top pure-play foundries through literature research. Case study company, TSMC, is evaluated against a set of criteria that were derived out of the general trend in top foundries such as Chartered Semiconductor, UMC, Global Foundries and SMIC. The results show an increasing trend in the adoption of a collaborative style of open innovation in these companies. Title: Open Innovation Trend in Semiconductor Industry - A Foundry's Perspective Author: Murthy, Mamatha, Lin, Chihsun, Honnappa, Lokesh, Xu, Yuan Year: 2011 Open Innovation is the new paradigm that most of the industries are incorporating in order to enhance mutual firm-customer value. Companies are bringing customers, suppliers, and partners under the common goal of shortening design time, minimizing time-to-volume and speeding time-to-market and ultimately time-to-money. This paper analyzes the trend of open innovation in top pure-play foundries through literature research. Case study company, TSMC, is evaluated against a set of criteria that were derived out of the general trend in top foundries such as Chartered Semiconductor, UMC, Global Foundries and SMIC. The results show an increasing trend in the adoption of a collaborative style of open innovation in these companies. Close

• 10. [Article] Not That Kind of Publisher: How NovelRank and BookScan Can Benefit Small Publishers' Marketing and Promotions

  How can NovelRank be used for more than simply tracking the ranking of a given title in the Amazon ecosystem, but rather identifying sales trends across a group of titles? For a group of titles of your ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Not That Kind of Publisher: How NovelRank and BookScan Can Benefit Small Publishers' Marketing and Promotions Author: Wallace, Geoff Year: 2015 How can NovelRank be used for more than simply tracking the ranking of a given title in the Amazon ecosystem, but rather identifying sales trends across a group of titles? For a group of titles of your choosing, what kinds of sales trends can be identified using this method? How do the trends identified using NovelRank for this group of titles compare to the trends that can be identified using Nielsen BookScan? Title: Not That Kind of Publisher: How NovelRank and BookScan Can Benefit Small Publishers' Marketing and Promotions Author: Wallace, Geoff Year: 2015 How can NovelRank be used for more than simply tracking the ranking of a given title in the Amazon ecosystem, but rather identifying sales trends across a group of titles? For a group of titles of your choosing, what kinds of sales trends can be identified using this method? How do the trends identified using NovelRank for this group of titles compare to the trends that can be identified using Nielsen BookScan? Close

• 11. [Article] An Analysis of Secular Change in Tides at Open-Ocean Sites in the Pacific

  Hourly sea level is examined at 25 open-ocean stations in the Pacific Ocean with records longer than 30 yr. A search for trends finds that the amplitude of the dominant semidiurnal tide M2 is increasing ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: An Analysis of Secular Change in Tides at Open-Ocean Sites in the Pacific Author: Zaron, Edward D., Jay, David A. Year: 2014 Hourly sea level is examined at 25 open-ocean stations in the Pacific Ocean with records longer than 30 yr. A search for trends finds that the amplitude of the dominant semidiurnal tide M2 is increasing at 12 of the 13 sites where a statistically significant trend can be identified. It is also found that nontidal variance in the neighborhood of M2 is decreasing at all 12 of the sites where a significant increase in M2 tide is occurring. The trend in amplitude of the dominant diurnal tide K1 is significant at six stations, and it is both increasing (four stations) and decreasing (two stations). The trend in semidiurnal-band variance suggests the hypothesis that increases in M2 could be caused by improvements in time keeping or data processing that would reduce the apparent phase variability of the tide. This possibility is examined and found to be the likely explanation for tidal trends at four stations. Local changes are found to explain the trend at two stations, Johnston Island and Mokuoloe, as diagnosed from correlated changes in nonlinear overtides and site history. Changes in M2 at the equatorial station of Kanton are significant and unexplained by either timing errors or local morphodynamics; although, strong nonlinear overtides are present. Changing tides at five stations in the western Pacific, Malakal, Yap, Saipan, Kapingamarangi, and Pohnpei cannot be explained by the above and suggest a region where a connection between climate and tides may yet be identified. Title: An Analysis of Secular Change in Tides at Open-Ocean Sites in the Pacific Author: Zaron, Edward D., Jay, David A. Year: 2014 Hourly sea level is examined at 25 open-ocean stations in the Pacific Ocean with records longer than 30 yr. A search for trends finds that the amplitude of the dominant semidiurnal tide M2 is increasing at 12 of the 13 sites where a statistically significant trend can be identified. It is also found that nontidal variance in the neighborhood of M2 is decreasing at all 12 of the sites where a significant increase in M2 tide is occurring. The trend in amplitude of the dominant diurnal tide K1 is significant at six stations, and it is both increasing (four stations) and decreasing (two stations). The trend in semidiurnal-band variance suggests the hypothesis that increases in M2 could be caused by improvements in time keeping or data processing that would reduce the apparent phase variability of the tide. This possibility is examined and found to be the likely explanation for tidal trends at four stations. Local changes are found to explain the trend at two stations, Johnston Island and Mokuoloe, as diagnosed from correlated changes in nonlinear overtides and site history. Changes in M2 at the equatorial station of Kanton are significant and unexplained by either timing errors or local morphodynamics; although, strong nonlinear overtides are present. Changing tides at five stations in the western Pacific, Malakal, Yap, Saipan, Kapingamarangi, and Pohnpei cannot be explained by the above and suggest a region where a connection between climate and tides may yet be identified. Close

• 12. [Article] A Strategy for Reducing the Impact of Driving Under Influence of Intoxicants in Portland, Oregon

  Driving under the influence of intoxicants (DUII) applies to operating a vehicle under the influence of any substance that can impair driving performance. Nationally and locally there is a strong desire ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: A Strategy for Reducing the Impact of Driving Under Influence of Intoxicants in Portland, Oregon Author: Monsere, Christopher, Chi, Delia Year: 2008 Driving under the influence of intoxicants (DUII) applies to operating a vehicle under the influence of any substance that can impair driving performance. Nationally and locally there is a strong desire to reduce the societal impacts of this significant social problem. The trend in U.S. alcohol-related motor vehicle crashes was generally decreasing in the mid to late 1980’s but has remained fairly flat since the early 1990s. In 1982, approximately 60% of all US traffic fatalities were alcohol-related. By 1994, this had decreased to 43% but in the decade that followed it has changed little. In 2005, nearly 39% of fatal crashes still involved alcohol. This contrasts sharply with the trends in many other peer industrialized countries such as Australia which has seen a 60% drop in the total number of fatal alcohol-involved crashes since 1980. In most U.S. jurisdictions, the trend for alcohol-involved crashes mirrors the disappointing national trends and in some has even been slightly increasing. The reasons for these trends are many but can be found in changing demographics, reduced resources for enforcement, prosecution, and treatment as well as changing public behaviors and attitudes. The objective of this study was to identify tools, techniques and strategies that could help reverse this trend for the Portland metropolitan area. It is clear that the system to prevent, enforce, adjudicate, and treat alcohol related problems is complex and will require the cooperation and energy of many different stakeholders. Title: A Strategy for Reducing the Impact of Driving Under Influence of Intoxicants in Portland, Oregon Author: Monsere, Christopher, Chi, Delia Year: 2008 Driving under the influence of intoxicants (DUII) applies to operating a vehicle under the influence of any substance that can impair driving performance. Nationally and locally there is a strong desire to reduce the societal impacts of this significant social problem. The trend in U.S. alcohol-related motor vehicle crashes was generally decreasing in the mid to late 1980’s but has remained fairly flat since the early 1990s. In 1982, approximately 60% of all US traffic fatalities were alcohol-related. By 1994, this had decreased to 43% but in the decade that followed it has changed little. In 2005, nearly 39% of fatal crashes still involved alcohol. This contrasts sharply with the trends in many other peer industrialized countries such as Australia which has seen a 60% drop in the total number of fatal alcohol-involved crashes since 1980. In most U.S. jurisdictions, the trend for alcohol-involved crashes mirrors the disappointing national trends and in some has even been slightly increasing. The reasons for these trends are many but can be found in changing demographics, reduced resources for enforcement, prosecution, and treatment as well as changing public behaviors and attitudes. The objective of this study was to identify tools, techniques and strategies that could help reverse this trend for the Portland metropolitan area. It is clear that the system to prevent, enforce, adjudicate, and treat alcohol related problems is complex and will require the cooperation and energy of many different stakeholders. Close

• 13. [Article] Demography as Destiny?: Socioeconomic Trends in the Portland Metropolitan Region

  A .pdf version of a PowerPoint presentation to the Multnomah County Library Advisory Board, February 8, 2011. Focuses on a wide range of issues surrounding demographic changes, migration, educational attainment, ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Demography as Destiny?: Socioeconomic Trends in the Portland Metropolitan Region Author: Martin, Sheila A., Jurjevich, Jason R. Year: 2011 A .pdf version of a PowerPoint presentation to the Multnomah County Library Advisory Board, February 8, 2011. Focuses on a wide range of issues surrounding demographic changes, migration, educational attainment, and population trends. Title: Demography as Destiny?: Socioeconomic Trends in the Portland Metropolitan Region Author: Martin, Sheila A., Jurjevich, Jason R. Year: 2011 A .pdf version of a PowerPoint presentation to the Multnomah County Library Advisory Board, February 8, 2011. Focuses on a wide range of issues surrounding demographic changes, migration, educational attainment, and population trends. Close

• 14. [Article] Growing Trends in Team Dynamics: An Examination of Virtual Teams

  There is a growing trend in team dynamics as more and more companies enter into a global marketplace and communication technologies continue to evolve. The trend is for companies to use Virtual Teams in ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Growing Trends in Team Dynamics: An Examination of Virtual Teams Author: Evenhus, Blake, Sughi, Hithem, Torres, Jorge, Stankovic, Robert Year: 2008 There is a growing trend in team dynamics as more and more companies enter into a global marketplace and communication technologies continue to evolve. The trend is for companies to use Virtual Teams in order to get projects completed and complex issues resolved. Virtual Teams can utilize company-wide resources and produce around the clock results. There are many benefits to this style of team; however, many unique issues arise from the use of Virtual Teams. This paper presents the benefits and drawbacks of using Virtual Teams and presents a guide for team leaders and managers to consider when creating the Virtual Team to mitigate some of the issues the VT format brings. Title: Growing Trends in Team Dynamics: An Examination of Virtual Teams Author: Evenhus, Blake, Sughi, Hithem, Torres, Jorge, Stankovic, Robert Year: 2008 There is a growing trend in team dynamics as more and more companies enter into a global marketplace and communication technologies continue to evolve. The trend is for companies to use Virtual Teams in order to get projects completed and complex issues resolved. Virtual Teams can utilize company-wide resources and produce around the clock results. There are many benefits to this style of team; however, many unique issues arise from the use of Virtual Teams. This paper presents the benefits and drawbacks of using Virtual Teams and presents a guide for team leaders and managers to consider when creating the Virtual Team to mitigate some of the issues the VT format brings. Close

• 15. [Article] Planning Implications of Globalization in Portland, Oregon

  It is the purpose of this paper to shed a little light on information that has been gathered on the trends of globalization; to examine those trends as they are occurring within the region within the context ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Planning Implications of Globalization in Portland, Oregon Author: Coker, James W. Year: 1996 It is the purpose of this paper to shed a little light on information that has been gathered on the trends of globalization; to examine those trends as they are occurring within the region within the context of the values and goals of the Portland metropolitan area; and to offer classmates an opportunity for exploring the meaning of these trends and values as they relate to their own particular planning projects. In short, this entire project is conceived as a point of departure for recognizing the impact of globalization on contemporary planning practice within the Portland metro area. It offers a review of local globalization statistics. But it also offers a framework for considering . such impacts. Decisions on how to approach globalization trends should be based, after all, on the values and goals of the people of Portland; not on those of an individual or of a narrow set of interest groups. Nor should our local response be necessarily based on the values or goals of larger groups of the nation or world. Title: Planning Implications of Globalization in Portland, Oregon Author: Coker, James W. Year: 1996 It is the purpose of this paper to shed a little light on information that has been gathered on the trends of globalization; to examine those trends as they are occurring within the region within the context of the values and goals of the Portland metropolitan area; and to offer classmates an opportunity for exploring the meaning of these trends and values as they relate to their own particular planning projects. In short, this entire project is conceived as a point of departure for recognizing the impact of globalization on contemporary planning practice within the Portland metro area. It offers a review of local globalization statistics. But it also offers a framework for considering . such impacts. Decisions on how to approach globalization trends should be based, after all, on the values and goals of the people of Portland; not on those of an individual or of a narrow set of interest groups. Nor should our local response be necessarily based on the values or goals of larger groups of the nation or world. Close

• 16. [Article] Emerging Trends in Digital Citizenship in Pre-Service Teacher Practice

  The article examines how technology and emerging digital trends are affecting civic participation and ways teachers can put strategies and techniques into practice and increase civic engagement.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Emerging Trends in Digital Citizenship in Pre-Service Teacher Practice Author: Thieman, Gayle Yvonne Year: 2011 The article examines how technology and emerging digital trends are affecting civic participation and ways teachers can put strategies and techniques into practice and increase civic engagement. Title: Emerging Trends in Digital Citizenship in Pre-Service Teacher Practice Author: Thieman, Gayle Yvonne Year: 2011 The article examines how technology and emerging digital trends are affecting civic participation and ways teachers can put strategies and techniques into practice and increase civic engagement. Close

• 17. [Article] Solving the Metro Traffic Dilemma: Summary of and Supplement to Volume I, Factual Data Report

  Volume 1 presents data describing traffic conditions and patterns on an average weekday in 1960 and identifies the current trends and the factors which best indicate these trends.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Solving the Metro Traffic Dilemma: Summary of and Supplement to Volume I, Factual Data Report Author: Portland-Vancouver Metropolitan Transportation Study. Technical Advisory Committee. Sub-Committee on Public Information Year: 1975 Volume 1 presents data describing traffic conditions and patterns on an average weekday in 1960 and identifies the current trends and the factors which best indicate these trends. Title: Solving the Metro Traffic Dilemma: Summary of and Supplement to Volume I, Factual Data Report Author: Portland-Vancouver Metropolitan Transportation Study. Technical Advisory Committee. Sub-Committee on Public Information Year: 1975 Volume 1 presents data describing traffic conditions and patterns on an average weekday in 1960 and identifies the current trends and the factors which best indicate these trends. Close

• 18. [Article] Geophysical and geological analysis of a fault-like linearity in the lower Clackamas River area, Clackamas County, Oregon

  A fault-like linearity along the lower Clackamas River is evaluated by analysis of physiographic and structural alignments, geological relationships, and by gravity and magnetic data. The study has resulted ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Geophysical and geological analysis of a fault-like linearity in the lower Clackamas River area, Clackamas County, Oregon Author: Schmela, Ronald Jay Year: 1971 A fault-like linearity along the lower Clackamas River is evaluated by analysis of physiographic and structural alignments, geological relationships, and by gravity and magnetic data. The study has resulted in the verification of a structural feature extending along the Clackamas River and the eastern front of the Portland Hills. Physiographic alignments were examined in twelve 15 minute and two 7-1/2 minute quadrangle maps. A significant northeasterly morphologic trend, N. 20⁰ W. and N. 40° W., and other secondary trends, namely, the N-S, E-W, and N. 50-60° E., has developed in the Portland area. The consistent northwest trend is observed throughout the entire area studied which strongly suggests that the alignments are very good indicators of underlying structural features. Structural alignments show that approximately 60% of the known mapped faults and fold axes concur with the dominant northwest physiographic trend. Seismic first motion analysis supports the established morphologic trend. A series of regionally co-aligned morphologic and structural features striking S. 40 -50⁰ E. across the state of Oregon suggest the presence of a major structural fault system aligned with the Portland Hills-Clackamas River structural alignment. The geologic cross sections developed from map and well data generally lack any tangible evidence as to the nature of the physiographic alignment. An apparent offset of the lower Pliocene Sandy River mudstone suggests movement as recent as middle Pliocene. Geophysical information was obtained from six gravity traverses and three magnetic traverses. The consistency of the size and shape of the gravity anomaly, 2.18 milligals/O. 2 mile, downdropped to the east, across the physiographic alignment defines the zone of a fault or a steep fold developed in the Columbia River basalt. The magnetic anomalies show a consistent change in the magnetic gradient corresponding to the structural zone. Title: Geophysical and geological analysis of a fault-like linearity in the lower Clackamas River area, Clackamas County, Oregon Author: Schmela, Ronald Jay Year: 1971 A fault-like linearity along the lower Clackamas River is evaluated by analysis of physiographic and structural alignments, geological relationships, and by gravity and magnetic data. The study has resulted in the verification of a structural feature extending along the Clackamas River and the eastern front of the Portland Hills. Physiographic alignments were examined in twelve 15 minute and two 7-1/2 minute quadrangle maps. A significant northeasterly morphologic trend, N. 20⁰ W. and N. 40° W., and other secondary trends, namely, the N-S, E-W, and N. 50-60° E., has developed in the Portland area. The consistent northwest trend is observed throughout the entire area studied which strongly suggests that the alignments are very good indicators of underlying structural features. Structural alignments show that approximately 60% of the known mapped faults and fold axes concur with the dominant northwest physiographic trend. Seismic first motion analysis supports the established morphologic trend. A series of regionally co-aligned morphologic and structural features striking S. 40 -50⁰ E. across the state of Oregon suggest the presence of a major structural fault system aligned with the Portland Hills-Clackamas River structural alignment. The geologic cross sections developed from map and well data generally lack any tangible evidence as to the nature of the physiographic alignment. An apparent offset of the lower Pliocene Sandy River mudstone suggests movement as recent as middle Pliocene. Geophysical information was obtained from six gravity traverses and three magnetic traverses. The consistency of the size and shape of the gravity anomaly, 2.18 milligals/O. 2 mile, downdropped to the east, across the physiographic alignment defines the zone of a fault or a steep fold developed in the Columbia River basalt. The magnetic anomalies show a consistent change in the magnetic gradient corresponding to the structural zone. Close

• 19. [Article] Divergent trends in ecosystem services under different climate-management futures in a fire-prone forest landscape

  While ecosystem services and climate change are often examined independently, quantitative assessments integrating these fields are needed to inform future land management decisions. Using climate-informed ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Divergent trends in ecosystem services under different climate-management futures in a fire-prone forest landscape Author: Halofsky, Joshua S., Halofsky, Jessica E., Hemstrom, Miles A., Morzillo, Anita T., Zhou, Xiaoping, Donato, Daniel C. Year: 2017 While ecosystem services and climate change are often examined independently, quantitative assessments integrating these fields are needed to inform future land management decisions. Using climate-informed state-and-transition simulations, we examined projected trends and trade-offs for a suite of ecosystem services under four climate change scenarios and two management scenarios (active management emphasizing fuel treatments and no management other than fire suppression) in a fire-prone landscape of dry and moist mixed-conifer forests in central Oregon, USA. Focal ecosystem services included fire potential (regulating service), timber volume (provisioning service), and potential wildlife habitat (supporting service). Projections without climate change suggested active management in dry mixed-conifer forests would create more open forest structures, reduce crown fire potential, and maintain timber stocks, while in moist mixed-conifer forests, active management would reduce crown fire potential but at the expense of timber stocks. When climate change was considered, however, trends in most ecosystem services changed substantially, with large increases in wildfire area predominating broad-scale trends in outputs, regardless of management approach (e.g., strong declines in timber stocks and habitat for closed-forest wildlife species). Active management still had an influence under a changing climate, but as a moderator of the strong climate-driven trends rather than being a principal driver of ecosystem service outputs. These results suggest projections of future ecosystem services that do not consider climate change may result in unrealistic expectations of benefits. Title: Divergent trends in ecosystem services under different climate-management futures in a fire-prone forest landscape Author: Halofsky, Joshua S., Halofsky, Jessica E., Hemstrom, Miles A., Morzillo, Anita T., Zhou, Xiaoping, Donato, Daniel C. Year: 2017 While ecosystem services and climate change are often examined independently, quantitative assessments integrating these fields are needed to inform future land management decisions. Using climate-informed state-and-transition simulations, we examined projected trends and trade-offs for a suite of ecosystem services under four climate change scenarios and two management scenarios (active management emphasizing fuel treatments and no management other than fire suppression) in a fire-prone landscape of dry and moist mixed-conifer forests in central Oregon, USA. Focal ecosystem services included fire potential (regulating service), timber volume (provisioning service), and potential wildlife habitat (supporting service). Projections without climate change suggested active management in dry mixed-conifer forests would create more open forest structures, reduce crown fire potential, and maintain timber stocks, while in moist mixed-conifer forests, active management would reduce crown fire potential but at the expense of timber stocks. When climate change was considered, however, trends in most ecosystem services changed substantially, with large increases in wildfire area predominating broad-scale trends in outputs, regardless of management approach (e.g., strong declines in timber stocks and habitat for closed-forest wildlife species). Active management still had an influence under a changing climate, but as a moderator of the strong climate-driven trends rather than being a principal driver of ecosystem service outputs. These results suggest projections of future ecosystem services that do not consider climate change may result in unrealistic expectations of benefits. Close

• 20. [Article] Spatial and temporal characteristics of surface air temperature for Portland, Oregon

  This study examines the spatial and temporal characteristics of the surface air temperature in Portland, Oregon. Spatial temperature patterns indicate that the dominant control factors on seasonal temperature ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Spatial and temporal characteristics of surface air temperature for Portland, Oregon Author: Yang, Li-min Year: 1987 This study examines the spatial and temporal characteristics of the surface air temperature in Portland, Oregon. Spatial temperature patterns indicate that the dominant control factors on seasonal temperature distribution are local topography, elevation, and urban-rural differences in surface structure. A heat island exists in the Portland area; the intensity of the heat island rang€s from 4° to 10° F, and varies throughout the year. The strongest heat island is found in the July minimum temperature. Temperature distribution in Portland and the adjacent area is affected by winds and rainy conditions, but less influenced under overcast skies. The long-term temperature over the last century shows that Portland's mean annual temperature trends are 0.057° F/yr and 0.052° F/yr in the two warming periods 1900-1940 and 1961-1984, respectively, and these warming trends are largely due to warming in spring and early summer as well as in winter months except January. Comparisons between Portland and other local non-urban climatic stations show a general warming trend in Portland since the end of the last century, which is 0.028° F/yr in the mean annual temperature, and 0.017° F/yr in maximum temperature after the regional trends are removed. Monthly mean temperature in July and January demonstrate a warming by 0.023° F/yr and 0.015° F/yr at Portland, respectively. All these warming trends are due mainly to the impact of urbanization. It is found that the cooling effect on the northern Willamette Valley due to the presence of the Columbia Gorge is most noticeable in the daytime and in January. Title: Spatial and temporal characteristics of surface air temperature for Portland, Oregon Author: Yang, Li-min Year: 1987 This study examines the spatial and temporal characteristics of the surface air temperature in Portland, Oregon. Spatial temperature patterns indicate that the dominant control factors on seasonal temperature distribution are local topography, elevation, and urban-rural differences in surface structure. A heat island exists in the Portland area; the intensity of the heat island rang€s from 4° to 10° F, and varies throughout the year. The strongest heat island is found in the July minimum temperature. Temperature distribution in Portland and the adjacent area is affected by winds and rainy conditions, but less influenced under overcast skies. The long-term temperature over the last century shows that Portland's mean annual temperature trends are 0.057° F/yr and 0.052° F/yr in the two warming periods 1900-1940 and 1961-1984, respectively, and these warming trends are largely due to warming in spring and early summer as well as in winter months except January. Comparisons between Portland and other local non-urban climatic stations show a general warming trend in Portland since the end of the last century, which is 0.028° F/yr in the mean annual temperature, and 0.017° F/yr in maximum temperature after the regional trends are removed. Monthly mean temperature in July and January demonstrate a warming by 0.023° F/yr and 0.015° F/yr at Portland, respectively. All these warming trends are due mainly to the impact of urbanization. It is found that the cooling effect on the northern Willamette Valley due to the presence of the Columbia Gorge is most noticeable in the daytime and in January. Close

• 21. [Article] Trends in Marketing for Books on Animal Rights

  Though many of us have heard the mantra that we shouldn’t judge a book by its cover, marketers in book publishing bank on the fact that people do and will continue to buy and read books based not only ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Trends in Marketing for Books on Animal Rights Author: Mulvihill, Gloria H. Year: 2017 Though many of us have heard the mantra that we shouldn’t judge a book by its cover, marketers in book publishing bank on the fact that people do and will continue to buy and read books based not only on content, but its aesthetic appeal. This essay will examine the top four marketing trends that can be observed on the Amazon listings for books published on animal rights within the last ten years, specifically relating to titles, cover design, and the intended audience. From graphic adaptations of animals to traditional textbook approaches and animal photography, publishers are striving to evoke interest and investment in literature concerning a politically charged and inherently personal topic. This essay will outline the overarching trends in marketing strategies, who the probable intended audiences are, and how publishers can rework their strategies and broaden their reach to increase readership and more effectively convey the messages in their books—hopefully effecting change within society, as their authors intended. Title: Trends in Marketing for Books on Animal Rights Author: Mulvihill, Gloria H. Year: 2017 Though many of us have heard the mantra that we shouldn’t judge a book by its cover, marketers in book publishing bank on the fact that people do and will continue to buy and read books based not only on content, but its aesthetic appeal. This essay will examine the top four marketing trends that can be observed on the Amazon listings for books published on animal rights within the last ten years, specifically relating to titles, cover design, and the intended audience. From graphic adaptations of animals to traditional textbook approaches and animal photography, publishers are striving to evoke interest and investment in literature concerning a politically charged and inherently personal topic. This essay will outline the overarching trends in marketing strategies, who the probable intended audiences are, and how publishers can rework their strategies and broaden their reach to increase readership and more effectively convey the messages in their books—hopefully effecting change within society, as their authors intended. Close

• 22. [Article] The geology of the Floras Creek area, Curry County, Oregon

  The Floras Creek area, east of the town of Langlois, near the southwest Oregon coast, includes Colebrooke Schist (a klippe of metamorphosed pelitic sediments of Jurassic age), Jurassic Otter Point Formation ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The geology of the Floras Creek area, Curry County, Oregon Author: Bounds, Jon Dudley Year: 1982 The Floras Creek area, east of the town of Langlois, near the southwest Oregon coast, includes Colebrooke Schist (a klippe of metamorphosed pelitic sediments of Jurassic age), Jurassic Otter Point Formation (a melange complex), and lower the middle Eocene Roseburg and Lookingglass Formations, part of a sandstone-shale sequence occurring more extensively in other areas. The Colebrooke Schist occurs in the south-central part of the area, bounded on the Otter Point and Roseburg. The Lookingglass is exposed as a small (1.5 sq. km) block in the north-north-west part of the area. Two major structural trends are found in the Floras Creek area; an older Mesozoic east-west normal fault trend which is truncated by younger serpentinitefilled, north-south shear zones. The younger fault trend was active into the Tertiary as the faults cut the Eocene. Detrital modal analyses of sandstones suggest that the Otter Point is related to the coeval Dothan Formation of the interior Klamath Mountains, in the same way that the Franciscan is related to the Great Valley sequence in California. The detrital modal analysis indicates that the Otter Point is trench-slope deposited sediments as is the Franciscan and the Dothan is forearc basin deposits similar to the Great Valley. Title: The geology of the Floras Creek area, Curry County, Oregon Author: Bounds, Jon Dudley Year: 1982 The Floras Creek area, east of the town of Langlois, near the southwest Oregon coast, includes Colebrooke Schist (a klippe of metamorphosed pelitic sediments of Jurassic age), Jurassic Otter Point Formation (a melange complex), and lower the middle Eocene Roseburg and Lookingglass Formations, part of a sandstone-shale sequence occurring more extensively in other areas. The Colebrooke Schist occurs in the south-central part of the area, bounded on the Otter Point and Roseburg. The Lookingglass is exposed as a small (1.5 sq. km) block in the north-north-west part of the area. Two major structural trends are found in the Floras Creek area; an older Mesozoic east-west normal fault trend which is truncated by younger serpentinitefilled, north-south shear zones. The younger fault trend was active into the Tertiary as the faults cut the Eocene. Detrital modal analyses of sandstones suggest that the Otter Point is related to the coeval Dothan Formation of the interior Klamath Mountains, in the same way that the Franciscan is related to the Great Valley sequence in California. The detrital modal analysis indicates that the Otter Point is trench-slope deposited sediments as is the Franciscan and the Dothan is forearc basin deposits similar to the Great Valley. Close

• 23. [Article] Trends in Vacant Single Family Land Values Portland, Oregon 1990 to 2005

  The purpose of this report is to summarize price trends from 1990 to 2005 in vacant land zoned for single family development in the Portland region. While regional housing prices are compiled, tracked, ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Trends in Vacant Single Family Land Values Portland, Oregon 1990 to 2005 Author: Hall, John L., Mildner, Gerard C. Year: 2006 The purpose of this report is to summarize price trends from 1990 to 2005 in vacant land zoned for single family development in the Portland region. While regional housing prices are compiled, tracked, and reported on a regular basis by sources like the Regional Multiple Listing Service (RMLS), information on trends in vacant land sales remains dispersed among independent builders, county assessors, and appraisers. As a consequence, while current and accurate information exits to inform a discussion about regional and local housing policy, relatively limited information exists on which to base discussions of regional and local land policies. Title: Trends in Vacant Single Family Land Values Portland, Oregon 1990 to 2005 Author: Hall, John L., Mildner, Gerard C. Year: 2006 The purpose of this report is to summarize price trends from 1990 to 2005 in vacant land zoned for single family development in the Portland region. While regional housing prices are compiled, tracked, and reported on a regular basis by sources like the Regional Multiple Listing Service (RMLS), information on trends in vacant land sales remains dispersed among independent builders, county assessors, and appraisers. As a consequence, while current and accurate information exits to inform a discussion about regional and local housing policy, relatively limited information exists on which to base discussions of regional and local land policies. Close

• 24. [Article] Google TV - Strategic Management

  In 2010, TV industry tried to excite customers with 3D technology. Despite the intense advertisements, the responses from customers didn’t appear as expected. Less than 1 percent of US households have ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Google TV - Strategic Management Author: Praechareonwatana, Nuttavut Year: 2011 In 2010, TV industry tried to excite customers with 3D technology. Despite the intense advertisements, the responses from customers didn’t appear as expected. Less than 1 percent of US households have a 3DTV set and just only 8% are interested in the 3D technology according from Leichtman Research.[1] Some reasons for 3D TV failure are too pricey ($600 - $1,000 more than their HDTV counterparts), few contents available, and hassle from 3D glasses.[2] The industry has come up with the new hype for TV set in 2011. In 2011 Consumer Electronics Show (CES), the new trend is Internet-enabled everything. The spearhead of this trend is inevitably TV set market. Integrating internet with TV has been discusses and debated for decade. WebTV from Microsoft is a good example of the effort to combining internet with TV. WebTV was launched in 1996 with the set-top box and wireless keyboard. The primary purpose was for web browsing and email. However, WebTV wasn’t successful back at that time. It seems like a déjà vu, the same trend has come back. The big issue for Internet TV in 2011 here is not the technical feasibility but how to deliver the meaningfulness for the end users and what to do with this new feature.[3] Title: Google TV - Strategic Management Author: Praechareonwatana, Nuttavut Year: 2011 In 2010, TV industry tried to excite customers with 3D technology. Despite the intense advertisements, the responses from customers didn’t appear as expected. Less than 1 percent of US households have a 3DTV set and just only 8% are interested in the 3D technology according from Leichtman Research.[1] Some reasons for 3D TV failure are too pricey ($600 - $1,000 more than their HDTV counterparts), few contents available, and hassle from 3D glasses.[2] The industry has come up with the new hype for TV set in 2011. In 2011 Consumer Electronics Show (CES), the new trend is Internet-enabled everything. The spearhead of this trend is inevitably TV set market. Integrating internet with TV has been discusses and debated for decade. WebTV from Microsoft is a good example of the effort to combining internet with TV. WebTV was launched in 1996 with the set-top box and wireless keyboard. The primary purpose was for web browsing and email. However, WebTV wasn’t successful back at that time. It seems like a déjà vu, the same trend has come back. The big issue for Internet TV in 2011 here is not the technical feasibility but how to deliver the meaningfulness for the end users and what to do with this new feature.[3] Close

• 25. [Article] Relative Sea-Level Trends in New York City During the Past 1500 Years

  New York City (NYC) is threatened by 21st-century relative sea-level (RSL) rise because it will experience a trend that exceeds the global mean and has high concentrations of low-lying infrastructure and ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Relative Sea-Level Trends in New York City During the Past 1500 Years Author: Kemp, Andrew C., Hill, Troy D., Vane, Christopher H., Cahill, Niamh, Orton, Philip, Talke, Stefan A., Parnell, Andrew C., Sanborn, Kelsey, Hartig, Ellen Year: 2017 New York City (NYC) is threatened by 21st-century relative sea-level (RSL) rise because it will experience a trend that exceeds the global mean and has high concentrations of low-lying infrastructure and socioeconomic activity. To provide a long-term context for anticipated trends, we reconstructed RSL change during the past ~1500 years using a core of salt-marsh sediment from Pelham Bay in The Bronx. Foraminifera and bulk-sediment δ13C values were used as sea-level indicators. The history of sediment accumulation was established by radiocarbon dating and recognition of pollution and land-use trends of known age in down-core elemental, isotopic, and pollen profiles. The reconstruction was generated within a Bayesian hierarchical model to accommodate multiple proxies and to provide a unified statistical framework for quantifying uncertainty. We show that RSL in NYC rose by ~1.70 m since ~575 CE (including ~0.38 m since 1850 CE). The rate of RSL rise increased markedly at 1812–1913 CE from ~1.0 to ~2.5 mm/yr, which coincides with other reconstructions along the US Atlantic coast. We investigated the possible influence of tidal-range change in Long Island Sound on our reconstruction using a regional tidal model, and we demonstrate that this effect was likely small. However, future tidal-range change could exacerbate the impacts of RSL rise in communities bordering Long Island Sound. The current rate of RSL rise is the fastest that NYC has experienced for >1500 years, and its ongoing acceleration suggests that projections of 21st-century local RSL rise will be realized. Title: Relative Sea-Level Trends in New York City During the Past 1500 Years Author: Kemp, Andrew C., Hill, Troy D., Vane, Christopher H., Cahill, Niamh, Orton, Philip, Talke, Stefan A., Parnell, Andrew C., Sanborn, Kelsey, Hartig, Ellen Year: 2017 New York City (NYC) is threatened by 21st-century relative sea-level (RSL) rise because it will experience a trend that exceeds the global mean and has high concentrations of low-lying infrastructure and socioeconomic activity. To provide a long-term context for anticipated trends, we reconstructed RSL change during the past ~1500 years using a core of salt-marsh sediment from Pelham Bay in The Bronx. Foraminifera and bulk-sediment δ13C values were used as sea-level indicators. The history of sediment accumulation was established by radiocarbon dating and recognition of pollution and land-use trends of known age in down-core elemental, isotopic, and pollen profiles. The reconstruction was generated within a Bayesian hierarchical model to accommodate multiple proxies and to provide a unified statistical framework for quantifying uncertainty. We show that RSL in NYC rose by ~1.70 m since ~575 CE (including ~0.38 m since 1850 CE). The rate of RSL rise increased markedly at 1812–1913 CE from ~1.0 to ~2.5 mm/yr, which coincides with other reconstructions along the US Atlantic coast. We investigated the possible influence of tidal-range change in Long Island Sound on our reconstruction using a regional tidal model, and we demonstrate that this effect was likely small. However, future tidal-range change could exacerbate the impacts of RSL rise in communities bordering Long Island Sound. The current rate of RSL rise is the fastest that NYC has experienced for >1500 years, and its ongoing acceleration suggests that projections of 21st-century local RSL rise will be realized. Close

• 26. [Article] Relative Sea-Level Trends in New York City During the Past 1500 Years

  New York City (NYC) is threatened by 21st-century relative sea-level (RSL) rise because it will experience a trend that exceeds the global mean and has high concentrations of low-lying infrastructure and ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Relative Sea-Level Trends in New York City During the Past 1500 Years Author: Kemp, Andrew C., Hill, Troy D., Vane, Christopher H., Cahill, Niamh, Orton, Philip M., Talke, Stefan A., Parnell, Andrew C., Sanborn, Kelsey, Hartig, Ellen K. Year: 2017 New York City (NYC) is threatened by 21st-century relative sea-level (RSL) rise because it will experience a trend that exceeds the global mean and has high concentrations of low-lying infrastructure and socioeconomic activity. To provide a long-term context for anticipated trends, we reconstructed RSL change during the past ~1500 years using a core of salt-marsh sediment from Pelham Bay in The Bronx. Foraminifera and bulk-sediment δ13C values were used as sea-level indicators. The history of sediment accumulation was established by radiocarbon dating and recognition of pollution and land-use trends of known age in down-core elemental, isotopic, and pollen profiles. The reconstruction was generated within a Bayesian hierarchical model to accommodate multiple proxies and to provide a unified statistical framework for quantifying uncertainty. We show that RSL in NYC rose by ~1.70 m since ~575 CE (including ~0.38 m since 1850 CE). The rate of RSL rise increased markedly at 1812–1913 CE from ~1.0 to ~2.5 mm/yr, which coincides with other reconstructions along the US Atlantic coast. We investigated the possible influence of tidal-range change in Long Island Sound on our reconstruction using a regional tidal model, and we demonstrate that this effect was likely small. However, future tidal-range change could exacerbate the impacts of RSL rise in communities bordering Long Island Sound. The current rate of RSL rise is the fastest that NYC has experienced for >1500 years, and its ongoing acceleration suggests that projections of 21st-century local RSL rise will be realized. Title: Relative Sea-Level Trends in New York City During the Past 1500 Years Author: Kemp, Andrew C., Hill, Troy D., Vane, Christopher H., Cahill, Niamh, Orton, Philip M., Talke, Stefan A., Parnell, Andrew C., Sanborn, Kelsey, Hartig, Ellen K. Year: 2017 New York City (NYC) is threatened by 21st-century relative sea-level (RSL) rise because it will experience a trend that exceeds the global mean and has high concentrations of low-lying infrastructure and socioeconomic activity. To provide a long-term context for anticipated trends, we reconstructed RSL change during the past ~1500 years using a core of salt-marsh sediment from Pelham Bay in The Bronx. Foraminifera and bulk-sediment δ13C values were used as sea-level indicators. The history of sediment accumulation was established by radiocarbon dating and recognition of pollution and land-use trends of known age in down-core elemental, isotopic, and pollen profiles. The reconstruction was generated within a Bayesian hierarchical model to accommodate multiple proxies and to provide a unified statistical framework for quantifying uncertainty. We show that RSL in NYC rose by ~1.70 m since ~575 CE (including ~0.38 m since 1850 CE). The rate of RSL rise increased markedly at 1812–1913 CE from ~1.0 to ~2.5 mm/yr, which coincides with other reconstructions along the US Atlantic coast. We investigated the possible influence of tidal-range change in Long Island Sound on our reconstruction using a regional tidal model, and we demonstrate that this effect was likely small. However, future tidal-range change could exacerbate the impacts of RSL rise in communities bordering Long Island Sound. The current rate of RSL rise is the fastest that NYC has experienced for >1500 years, and its ongoing acceleration suggests that projections of 21st-century local RSL rise will be realized. Close

• 27. [Article] Modeling the Thickness of Perennial Ice Covers on Stratified Lakes of the Taylor Valley, Antarctica

  A 1-D ice cover model was developed to predict and constrain drivers of long-term ice thick-ness trends in chemically stratified lakes of Taylor Valley, Antarctica. The model is driven by surface ra-diative ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Modeling the Thickness of Perennial Ice Covers on Stratified Lakes of the Taylor Valley, Antarctica Author: Obryk, Maciej K., Doran, Peter T., Hicks, Jared A., McKay, Christopher P., Priscu, John Charles Year: 2016 A 1-D ice cover model was developed to predict and constrain drivers of long-term ice thick-ness trends in chemically stratified lakes of Taylor Valley, Antarctica. The model is driven by surface ra-diative heat fluxes and heat fluxes from the underlying water column. The model successfully reproduced 16 a (between 1996 and 2012) of ice thickness changes for the west lobe of Lake Bonney (average ice thickness = 3.53 m) and Lake Fryxell (average ice thickness = 4.22 m). Long-term ice thick-ness trends require coupling with the thermal structure of the water column. The heat stored within the temperature maximum of lakes exceeding a liquid water column depth of 20 m can either impede or fa-cilitate ice thickness change depending on the predominant climatic trend (cooling or warming). As such, shallow (columns) perennially ice-covered lakes without deep temperature maxima are more sensitive indicators of climate change. The long-term ice thickness trends are a result of surface energy flux and heat flux from the deep temperature maximum in the water column, the latter of which results from absorbed solar radiation. Title: Modeling the Thickness of Perennial Ice Covers on Stratified Lakes of the Taylor Valley, Antarctica Author: Obryk, Maciej K., Doran, Peter T., Hicks, Jared A., McKay, Christopher P., Priscu, John Charles Year: 2016 A 1-D ice cover model was developed to predict and constrain drivers of long-term ice thick-ness trends in chemically stratified lakes of Taylor Valley, Antarctica. The model is driven by surface ra-diative heat fluxes and heat fluxes from the underlying water column. The model successfully reproduced 16 a (between 1996 and 2012) of ice thickness changes for the west lobe of Lake Bonney (average ice thickness = 3.53 m) and Lake Fryxell (average ice thickness = 4.22 m). Long-term ice thick-ness trends require coupling with the thermal structure of the water column. The heat stored within the temperature maximum of lakes exceeding a liquid water column depth of 20 m can either impede or fa-cilitate ice thickness change depending on the predominant climatic trend (cooling or warming). As such, shallow (columns) perennially ice-covered lakes without deep temperature maxima are more sensitive indicators of climate change. The long-term ice thickness trends are a result of surface energy flux and heat flux from the deep temperature maximum in the water column, the latter of which results from absorbed solar radiation. Close

• 28. [Article] Methods and Data for Developing Coordinated Population Forecasts

  This document is to accompany the coordinated population forecasts and their corresponding reports prepared by the Population Research Center (PRC). Developing long-term coordinated population forecasts ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Methods and Data for Developing Coordinated Population Forecasts Author: Portland State University. Population Research Center Year: 2015 This document is to accompany the coordinated population forecasts and their corresponding reports prepared by the Population Research Center (PRC). Developing long-term coordinated population forecasts for a county and its sub-areas (UGBs and areas outside UGBs are referred to sub-areas in this document), requires these main stages: 1) compiling and evaluating historical and recent data to ascertain demographic characteristics and trends in the study area and to obtain a population base from which the forecasts may be launched; 2) making assumptions about the future and adjusting the data or rates in the forecasting models (calibrating the models) to incorporate predicted rates or trends; and 3) reconciling, or adjusting the forecasts so the sum of the sub-area forecasts is consistent with the forecast for the county total. We first develop population projections and then we make adjustments to these projections in order to produce population forecasts. Population projections are developed by extending historical and current demographic and housing trends into the future. Forecasting population requires that assumptions be made about future population change, and adjusting the projection models to account for circumstances that perhaps skewed past trends or may affect future change. Such circumstances in the past could be a building moratorium or the opening of a new group quarters facility. Events affecting future change would be, for example, planned future housing development that is higher than usual, a foreseen change in an area’s physical ability to accommodate growth (buildable land available is approaching capacity or improvements to infrastructure are underway), anticipated changes in the economy (the location of a new employer or the upswing or downturn of the economy in general), or an expected change in the local population and household composition (age, ethnicity, and average household size). Title: Methods and Data for Developing Coordinated Population Forecasts Author: Portland State University. Population Research Center Year: 2015 This document is to accompany the coordinated population forecasts and their corresponding reports prepared by the Population Research Center (PRC). Developing long-term coordinated population forecasts for a county and its sub-areas (UGBs and areas outside UGBs are referred to sub-areas in this document), requires these main stages: 1) compiling and evaluating historical and recent data to ascertain demographic characteristics and trends in the study area and to obtain a population base from which the forecasts may be launched; 2) making assumptions about the future and adjusting the data or rates in the forecasting models (calibrating the models) to incorporate predicted rates or trends; and 3) reconciling, or adjusting the forecasts so the sum of the sub-area forecasts is consistent with the forecast for the county total. We first develop population projections and then we make adjustments to these projections in order to produce population forecasts. Population projections are developed by extending historical and current demographic and housing trends into the future. Forecasting population requires that assumptions be made about future population change, and adjusting the projection models to account for circumstances that perhaps skewed past trends or may affect future change. Such circumstances in the past could be a building moratorium or the opening of a new group quarters facility. Events affecting future change would be, for example, planned future housing development that is higher than usual, a foreseen change in an area’s physical ability to accommodate growth (buildable land available is approaching capacity or improvements to infrastructure are underway), anticipated changes in the economy (the location of a new employer or the upswing or downturn of the economy in general), or an expected change in the local population and household composition (age, ethnicity, and average household size). Close

• 29. [Article] Independent Publishers and Transition to Nonprofit: Distress Call or Mission-Based Evolution?

  It has been widely reported in recent years that a few independent publishing houses, which were formed as for-profit organizations, have adopted nonprofit status. Given the sheer quantity of independent ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Independent Publishers and Transition to Nonprofit: Distress Call or Mission-Based Evolution? Author: Lobnitz, Meagan Year: 2015 It has been widely reported in recent years that a few independent publishing houses, which were formed as for-profit organizations, have adopted nonprofit status. Given the sheer quantity of independent publishing houses in the United States and the complexities involved with establishing and maintaining nonprofit status, it is worthwhile to explore whether or not there has in fact been growth in nonprofit publishing houses in recent years, to consider if that growth is indicative of a trend, and to inquire what factors may lend to the success or failure of nonprofit independent publishers. Furthermore, it is useful to consider the role of the independent publisher in American publishing, how that role may or may not be impacted by nonprofit status, and by that contemplate what a trend involving an increase in nonprofit publishers might mean to independent publishing overall. To begin with, this paper will consider independent publishers in the broadest of terms, in that although many are "incorporated, they are independent of the major conglomerates that dominate the book publishing industry" and include small, mid-size, and university presses ("What is Indie"). This research also acknowledges that the concept of nonprofit publishing houses is not new. Nonprofit models for publishing have existed in America as long as the publishing industry has. What makes the topic relevant in contemporary publishing is the means by which nonprofit publishers originate. If there is an increase in independent publishers that are implementing nonprofit business models, if there is an increase in new presses that are founded as nonprofits from the onset, or even if independent publishers are adopting nonprofit status for reasons unlike those that have done so in the past, it would point toward a trend in independent publishing that is worth exploring. Such a trend could indicate a more ubiquitous inclination toward nonprofit publishing, which may serve as a comment about the current state of the industry. Title: Independent Publishers and Transition to Nonprofit: Distress Call or Mission-Based Evolution? Author: Lobnitz, Meagan Year: 2015 It has been widely reported in recent years that a few independent publishing houses, which were formed as for-profit organizations, have adopted nonprofit status. Given the sheer quantity of independent publishing houses in the United States and the complexities involved with establishing and maintaining nonprofit status, it is worthwhile to explore whether or not there has in fact been growth in nonprofit publishing houses in recent years, to consider if that growth is indicative of a trend, and to inquire what factors may lend to the success or failure of nonprofit independent publishers. Furthermore, it is useful to consider the role of the independent publisher in American publishing, how that role may or may not be impacted by nonprofit status, and by that contemplate what a trend involving an increase in nonprofit publishers might mean to independent publishing overall. To begin with, this paper will consider independent publishers in the broadest of terms, in that although many are "incorporated, they are independent of the major conglomerates that dominate the book publishing industry" and include small, mid-size, and university presses ("What is Indie"). This research also acknowledges that the concept of nonprofit publishing houses is not new. Nonprofit models for publishing have existed in America as long as the publishing industry has. What makes the topic relevant in contemporary publishing is the means by which nonprofit publishers originate. If there is an increase in independent publishers that are implementing nonprofit business models, if there is an increase in new presses that are founded as nonprofits from the onset, or even if independent publishers are adopting nonprofit status for reasons unlike those that have done so in the past, it would point toward a trend in independent publishing that is worth exploring. Such a trend could indicate a more ubiquitous inclination toward nonprofit publishing, which may serve as a comment about the current state of the industry. Close

• 30. [Article] BookTube and the Formation of the Young Adult Canon

  BookTube is a self-identified subsection of YouTube, where content creators, known as BookTubers, create videos with book-related content. Most BookTube channels are focused on Young Adult titles. Through ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: BookTube and the Formation of the Young Adult Canon Author: Hughes, Melina Year: 2017 BookTube is a self-identified subsection of YouTube, where content creators, known as BookTubers, create videos with book-related content. Most BookTube channels are focused on Young Adult titles. Through researching YA BookTube channels and interviewing YA BookTubers, key trends in BookTube functionality have been identified. These trends include the characteristics of the books that are discussed, the influential role of of the BookTuber, and the possible formation of a YA canon. Title: BookTube and the Formation of the Young Adult Canon Author: Hughes, Melina Year: 2017 BookTube is a self-identified subsection of YouTube, where content creators, known as BookTubers, create videos with book-related content. Most BookTube channels are focused on Young Adult titles. Through researching YA BookTube channels and interviewing YA BookTubers, key trends in BookTube functionality have been identified. These trends include the characteristics of the books that are discussed, the influential role of of the BookTuber, and the possible formation of a YA canon. Close

• 31. [Article] Geology and hydrothermal alteration, Glass Buttes, Southeast Oregon

  The Glass Buttes volcanic complex consists of many domes and individual vents that erupted both rhyolitic and basaltic lavas during the late Miocene to early Pliocene. The east half of the complex, in ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Geology and hydrothermal alteration, Glass Buttes, Southeast Oregon Author: Berri, Dulcy Annette Year: 1982 The Glass Buttes volcanic complex consists of many domes and individual vents that erupted both rhyolitic and basaltic lavas during the late Miocene to early Pliocene. The east half of the complex, in the vicinity of Little Glass Butte, contains interfingering, finely flow-banded rhyolite and black obsidian flows. The youngest unit, an obsidian, has been dated at 4.9 m.y. East of Little Glass Butte lie two northwest-trending ridges, Antelope and Cascade Ridges, composed of two or more overlapping exogenous domes that formed along northwest-trending faults. Title: Geology and hydrothermal alteration, Glass Buttes, Southeast Oregon Author: Berri, Dulcy Annette Year: 1982 The Glass Buttes volcanic complex consists of many domes and individual vents that erupted both rhyolitic and basaltic lavas during the late Miocene to early Pliocene. The east half of the complex, in the vicinity of Little Glass Butte, contains interfingering, finely flow-banded rhyolite and black obsidian flows. The youngest unit, an obsidian, has been dated at 4.9 m.y. East of Little Glass Butte lie two northwest-trending ridges, Antelope and Cascade Ridges, composed of two or more overlapping exogenous domes that formed along northwest-trending faults. Close

• 32. [Article] Trends and Challenges of Grid-Connected Photovoltaic Systems – A Review

  This paper presents a literature review of the recent developments and trends pertaining to Grid-Connected Photovoltaic Systems (GCPVS). In countries with high penetration of Distributed Generation (DG) ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Trends and Challenges of Grid-Connected Photovoltaic Systems – A Review Author: Obi, Manasseh, Bass, Robert Year: 2016 This paper presents a literature review of the recent developments and trends pertaining to Grid-Connected Photovoltaic Systems (GCPVS). In countries with high penetration of Distributed Generation (DG) resources, GCPVS have been shown to cause inadvertent stress on the electrical grid. A review of the existing and future standards that addresses the technical challenges associated with the growing number of GCPVS is presented. Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT), Solar Tracking (ST) and the use of transformless inverters can all lead to high efficiency gains of Photovoltaic (PV) systems while ensuring minimal interference with the grid. Inverters that support ancillary services like reactive power control, frequency regulation and energy storage are critical for mitigating the challenges caused by the growing adoption of GCPVS. Title: Trends and Challenges of Grid-Connected Photovoltaic Systems – A Review Author: Obi, Manasseh, Bass, Robert Year: 2016 This paper presents a literature review of the recent developments and trends pertaining to Grid-Connected Photovoltaic Systems (GCPVS). In countries with high penetration of Distributed Generation (DG) resources, GCPVS have been shown to cause inadvertent stress on the electrical grid. A review of the existing and future standards that addresses the technical challenges associated with the growing number of GCPVS is presented. Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT), Solar Tracking (ST) and the use of transformless inverters can all lead to high efficiency gains of Photovoltaic (PV) systems while ensuring minimal interference with the grid. Inverters that support ancillary services like reactive power control, frequency regulation and energy storage are critical for mitigating the challenges caused by the growing adoption of GCPVS. Close

• 33. [Article] State of Clark County: Trends from Greater Portland Pulse

  Clark County, Washington trends in population, income and wages, growth by industry and the future of work are compiled from data and demonstrated using Greater Portland Pulse.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: State of Clark County: Trends from Greater Portland Pulse Author: Martin, Sheila A, Portland State University. Institute of Portland Metropolitan Studies Year: 2016 Clark County, Washington trends in population, income and wages, growth by industry and the future of work are compiled from data and demonstrated using Greater Portland Pulse. Title: State of Clark County: Trends from Greater Portland Pulse Author: Martin, Sheila A, Portland State University. Institute of Portland Metropolitan Studies Year: 2016 Clark County, Washington trends in population, income and wages, growth by industry and the future of work are compiled from data and demonstrated using Greater Portland Pulse. Close

• 34. [Article] A seismic refraction study of a portion of the northeastern margin of the Tualatin Valley, Oregon

  The Tualatin Valley is a well defined elliptical basin centered at Hillsboro, with a major axis trending roughly N65°W. The valley is bordered on the northeast by the Tualatin Mountains (Portland Hills) ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: A seismic refraction study of a portion of the northeastern margin of the Tualatin Valley, Oregon Author: Nazy, David John Year: 1987 The Tualatin Valley is a well defined elliptical basin centered at Hillsboro, with a major axis trending roughly N65°W. The valley is bordered on the northeast by the Tualatin Mountains (Portland Hills) which are a faulted, northwest-trending asymmetrical anticline. Topographic and geophysical evidence have defined the Portland Hills fault, which occurs along the northeast side of the Tualatin Mountains. The possibility that a fault or fault zone occurs along the southwest side of the Tualatin Mountains was investigated in this study. Title: A seismic refraction study of a portion of the northeastern margin of the Tualatin Valley, Oregon Author: Nazy, David John Year: 1987 The Tualatin Valley is a well defined elliptical basin centered at Hillsboro, with a major axis trending roughly N65°W. The valley is bordered on the northeast by the Tualatin Mountains (Portland Hills) which are a faulted, northwest-trending asymmetrical anticline. Topographic and geophysical evidence have defined the Portland Hills fault, which occurs along the northeast side of the Tualatin Mountains. The possibility that a fault or fault zone occurs along the southwest side of the Tualatin Mountains was investigated in this study. Close

• 35. [Article] The State of K-12 Education: Focus on Equity, Some Trends from Greater Portland Pulse

  This report discusses the Portland Metropolitan region demography and how it relates to achieving greater economic justice. Requiring significant progress toward closing the achievement gap. Trends and ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The State of K-12 Education: Focus on Equity, Some Trends from Greater Portland Pulse Author: Portland State University. Institute of Portland Metropolitan Studies Year: 2014 This report discusses the Portland Metropolitan region demography and how it relates to achieving greater economic justice. Requiring significant progress toward closing the achievement gap. Trends and data compiled include; Population by Age and Sex, Adult Education Levels, Student Achievement, High School Graduation Rates, Low Birth Weight, Language Spoken at Home, Child Poverty, and Homelessness, Title: The State of K-12 Education: Focus on Equity, Some Trends from Greater Portland Pulse Author: Portland State University. Institute of Portland Metropolitan Studies Year: 2014 This report discusses the Portland Metropolitan region demography and how it relates to achieving greater economic justice. Requiring significant progress toward closing the achievement gap. Trends and data compiled include; Population by Age and Sex, Adult Education Levels, Student Achievement, High School Graduation Rates, Low Birth Weight, Language Spoken at Home, Child Poverty, and Homelessness, Close

• 36. [Article] Center for Real Estate Quarterly, Volume 1, Number 4

  Table of Contents: --Editor's Journal: "An Urban Development Journal" by Will Macht --"Infrastructure: Toward Smarter Regional Solutions" by David Bragdon --"Importance of Multi-Block Underground Parking" ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Center for Real Estate Quarterly, Volume 1, Number 4 Author: Portland State University. Center for Real Estate Year: 2007 Table of Contents: --Editor's Journal: "An Urban Development Journal" by Will Macht --"Infrastructure: Toward Smarter Regional Solutions" by David Bragdon --"Importance of Multi-Block Underground Parking" by Will Macht --"Industrial Development Trends" by Roger Qualman --"Outside Investor Trends" by Lisa LaManna --"U.S. Economy & Housing Market Review" by Gerard Mildner --"Downtown Condominium Analysis" by Greg LeBlanc --"Housing, Office & Industrial Market Reviews" by Karen Thalhammer Title: Center for Real Estate Quarterly, Volume 1, Number 4 Author: Portland State University. Center for Real Estate Year: 2007 Table of Contents: --Editor's Journal: "An Urban Development Journal" by Will Macht --"Infrastructure: Toward Smarter Regional Solutions" by David Bragdon --"Importance of Multi-Block Underground Parking" by Will Macht --"Industrial Development Trends" by Roger Qualman --"Outside Investor Trends" by Lisa LaManna --"U.S. Economy & Housing Market Review" by Gerard Mildner --"Downtown Condominium Analysis" by Greg LeBlanc --"Housing, Office & Industrial Market Reviews" by Karen Thalhammer Close

• 37. [Article] Talent on the Move: Migration Patterns of the Young and College-Educated in Pre and Post-Recession America - Migration Trends Across the 50 Largest U.S. Metros

  In this brief, we present U.S. Census Bureau data to compare recent migration trends for young and college-educated (YCE) individuals for the largest 50 U.S. metro areas in 2012-2014 relative to the pre-recession ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Talent on the Move: Migration Patterns of the Young and College-Educated in Pre and Post-Recession America - Migration Trends Across the 50 Largest U.S. Metros Author: Jurjevich, Jason R., Schrock, Greg, Kang, Jihye Year: 2016 In this brief, we present U.S. Census Bureau data to compare recent migration trends for young and college-educated (YCE) individuals for the largest 50 U.S. metro areas in 2012-2014 relative to the pre-recession (2005-2007) and Great Recession (2008-2010) periods. Title: Talent on the Move: Migration Patterns of the Young and College-Educated in Pre and Post-Recession America - Migration Trends Across the 50 Largest U.S. Metros Author: Jurjevich, Jason R., Schrock, Greg, Kang, Jihye Year: 2016 In this brief, we present U.S. Census Bureau data to compare recent migration trends for young and college-educated (YCE) individuals for the largest 50 U.S. metro areas in 2012-2014 relative to the pre-recession (2005-2007) and Great Recession (2008-2010) periods. Close

• 38. [Article] The stratigraphy and structure of the Columbia River basalt in the Clackamas River drainage

  The Clackamas River drainage within the western Cascade Range is approximately aligned with a northwest trending lineation defined by the Portland Hills and the Brothers Fault zone. This area is occupied ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The stratigraphy and structure of the Columbia River basalt in the Clackamas River drainage Author: Anderson, James Lee Year: 1978 The Clackamas River drainage within the western Cascade Range is approximately aligned with a northwest trending lineation defined by the Portland Hills and the Brothers Fault zone. This area is occupied by an extensive Columbia River Basalt sequence that is deeply incised by the Clackamas River and its tributaries. Two major basalt units of the Yakima Basalt Subgroup, including the Grande Ronde Basalt and the Frenchman Springs Member of the Wanapurn Basalt, are distinguishable in a 515 meter to 550 meter accumulation. Of particular interest is the presence of five trending right-lateral strike-slip faults is consistent with a stress model of north-south compression and east-west extension. Title: The stratigraphy and structure of the Columbia River basalt in the Clackamas River drainage Author: Anderson, James Lee Year: 1978 The Clackamas River drainage within the western Cascade Range is approximately aligned with a northwest trending lineation defined by the Portland Hills and the Brothers Fault zone. This area is occupied by an extensive Columbia River Basalt sequence that is deeply incised by the Clackamas River and its tributaries. Two major basalt units of the Yakima Basalt Subgroup, including the Grande Ronde Basalt and the Frenchman Springs Member of the Wanapurn Basalt, are distinguishable in a 515 meter to 550 meter accumulation. Of particular interest is the presence of five trending right-lateral strike-slip faults is consistent with a stress model of north-south compression and east-west extension. Close

• 39. [Article] New FHWA VMT Forecasts Implications for Local Planning

  A summary of FHWA’s new national traffic trends assessment will be presented, including discussion of varied factors influencing forward-thinking forecasts. Examples of Oregon statewide vehicle miles travelled ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: New FHWA VMT Forecasts Implications for Local Planning Author: Mortensen, Andrew Year: 2015 A summary of FHWA’s new national traffic trends assessment will be presented, including discussion of varied factors influencing forward-thinking forecasts. Examples of Oregon statewide vehicle miles travelled (VMT) and historic traffic trends from ATR stations in the Portland urban region and greater Willamette Valley will be highlighted. VMT, population and income data will be noted with implications on local transportation planning. Title: New FHWA VMT Forecasts Implications for Local Planning Author: Mortensen, Andrew Year: 2015 A summary of FHWA’s new national traffic trends assessment will be presented, including discussion of varied factors influencing forward-thinking forecasts. Examples of Oregon statewide vehicle miles travelled (VMT) and historic traffic trends from ATR stations in the Portland urban region and greater Willamette Valley will be highlighted. VMT, population and income data will be noted with implications on local transportation planning. Close

• 40. [Article] Residential Mobility and Revitalization in Portland Between 1970 and 1980: A Study of the Urban Structural Impacts on Neighborhood Revitalization

  Evidence of physical decline due in part to the rapid encroachment of commercial and industrial activity into some of Portland's residential areas in the mid-1960s and efforts to combat the forces of time ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Residential Mobility and Revitalization in Portland Between 1970 and 1980: A Study of the Urban Structural Impacts on Neighborhood Revitalization Author: Kamara, Sheka Gassimou Year: 1992 Evidence of physical decline due in part to the rapid encroachment of commercial and industrial activity into some of Portland's residential areas in the mid-1960s and efforts to combat the forces of time and change through neighborhood revitalization provide the basis for this study. Additionally, some of the characteristics often employed in explaining the phenomenon in cities are manifested in the city of Portland. For example, Portland is endowed with a distinctive and well established downtown area that provides opportunities for the establishment of businesses as well as white-collar job opportunities. By the standards of the U.S. Bureau of the Census, Portland has a relatively large population and several older neighborhoods. The city provides its residents the feel for inner-city living, such as its beautiful waterfront scenery, its high-rise and park block apartments, its cultural facilities and unique transit mall. These criteria underscore the selection of Portland as the geographical area of this research. The purpose of this research itself is to assess the urban structural changes that occurred in Portland between 1970 and 1980. The research used a sample of inner-city neighborhoods from the city to explain these structural changes over time. Additionally, two samples of neighborhoods (Northeast and Southeast) within the city were selected as the basis for comparing the structural changes. The data developed from the 1970 and 1980 census of population and housing characteristics comprised the change in the median household income ratio, the change in the home value ratio, and the change in the median rent ratio designated as dependent variables. Nine independent variables representing the pre-existing conditions in the city at the start of the decade were selected from locational, demographic, and housing factors. The research hypotheses were tested by regresslng the three dependent variables against the nine independent variables resulting in three regression models for each sample. The a priori expectations as reflected by the signs of the coefficients show mixed support for the hypotheses in each sample in predicted direction, and in level of significance. In the city sample the neighborhood housing quality factor was observed to have a strong positive causal relationship with neighborhood revitalization. The outcome confirmed the contention that a significant and systematic reverse revival trend occurred in Portland at the start of the 1970 decade. This finding contradicts the conventional invasion-succession theory associated with Burgess (1925). Similar reverse revival trends were observed in the Northeast and Southeast samples. But unlike the city sample the race factor had a strong positive causal relationship with revitalization. The outcome may be a reflection of the rental squeeze in terms of housing affordability faced by black renters in both subareas because their incomes could not keep pace with housing costs. Consequently their demand for rental housing may have grown faster than the supply of the rental housing stock in a segregated rental market. The chow tests show significant structural differences between the two submodels, but the impact of the race factor as reflected by the measures of relative variability was greater in Northeast Portland than in Southeast Portland. In light of the research findings, this study concludes that Portland may undoubtedly be the only city in the nation that experienced a significant and systematic revival trend between 1970 and 1980. However, this trend did not extend to the predominantly black areas of the city as reflected by the strong negative outcome of the race factor. In addition, the functional significance of the systematic revival trend in Portland may not be substantial when compared to larger and older cities like St. Louis and New Orleans that received media attention for a similar trend. Title: Residential Mobility and Revitalization in Portland Between 1970 and 1980: A Study of the Urban Structural Impacts on Neighborhood Revitalization Author: Kamara, Sheka Gassimou Year: 1992 Evidence of physical decline due in part to the rapid encroachment of commercial and industrial activity into some of Portland's residential areas in the mid-1960s and efforts to combat the forces of time and change through neighborhood revitalization provide the basis for this study. Additionally, some of the characteristics often employed in explaining the phenomenon in cities are manifested in the city of Portland. For example, Portland is endowed with a distinctive and well established downtown area that provides opportunities for the establishment of businesses as well as white-collar job opportunities. By the standards of the U.S. Bureau of the Census, Portland has a relatively large population and several older neighborhoods. The city provides its residents the feel for inner-city living, such as its beautiful waterfront scenery, its high-rise and park block apartments, its cultural facilities and unique transit mall. These criteria underscore the selection of Portland as the geographical area of this research. The purpose of this research itself is to assess the urban structural changes that occurred in Portland between 1970 and 1980. The research used a sample of inner-city neighborhoods from the city to explain these structural changes over time. Additionally, two samples of neighborhoods (Northeast and Southeast) within the city were selected as the basis for comparing the structural changes. The data developed from the 1970 and 1980 census of population and housing characteristics comprised the change in the median household income ratio, the change in the home value ratio, and the change in the median rent ratio designated as dependent variables. Nine independent variables representing the pre-existing conditions in the city at the start of the decade were selected from locational, demographic, and housing factors. The research hypotheses were tested by regresslng the three dependent variables against the nine independent variables resulting in three regression models for each sample. The a priori expectations as reflected by the signs of the coefficients show mixed support for the hypotheses in each sample in predicted direction, and in level of significance. In the city sample the neighborhood housing quality factor was observed to have a strong positive causal relationship with neighborhood revitalization. The outcome confirmed the contention that a significant and systematic reverse revival trend occurred in Portland at the start of the 1970 decade. This finding contradicts the conventional invasion-succession theory associated with Burgess (1925). Similar reverse revival trends were observed in the Northeast and Southeast samples. But unlike the city sample the race factor had a strong positive causal relationship with revitalization. The outcome may be a reflection of the rental squeeze in terms of housing affordability faced by black renters in both subareas because their incomes could not keep pace with housing costs. Consequently their demand for rental housing may have grown faster than the supply of the rental housing stock in a segregated rental market. The chow tests show significant structural differences between the two submodels, but the impact of the race factor as reflected by the measures of relative variability was greater in Northeast Portland than in Southeast Portland. In light of the research findings, this study concludes that Portland may undoubtedly be the only city in the nation that experienced a significant and systematic revival trend between 1970 and 1980. However, this trend did not extend to the predominantly black areas of the city as reflected by the strong negative outcome of the race factor. In addition, the functional significance of the systematic revival trend in Portland may not be substantial when compared to larger and older cities like St. Louis and New Orleans that received media attention for a similar trend. Close

• 41. [Article] A 30-Year Record of the Isotopic Composition of Atmospheric Methane

  Methane (CH4) is one of the most important greenhouse gases after water vapor and carbon dioxide due to its high concentration and global warming potential 25 times than that of CO2 (based on a 100 year ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: A 30-Year Record of the Isotopic Composition of Atmospheric Methane Author: Teama, Doaa Galal Mohammed Year: 2013 Methane (CH4) is one of the most important greenhouse gases after water vapor and carbon dioxide due to its high concentration and global warming potential 25 times than that of CO2 (based on a 100 year time horizon). Its atmospheric concentration has more than doubled from the preindustrial era due to anthropogenic activities such as rice cultivation, biomass burning, and fossil fuel production. However, the rate of increase of atmospheric CH4 (or the growth rate) slowed from 1980 until present. The main reason for this trend is a slowdown in the trend of CH4 sources. Measuring stable isotopes of atmospheric CH4 can constrain changes of CH4 sources. The main goal of this work is to interpret the CH4 trend from 1978-2010 in terms of its sources using measurements of CH4 mixing ratio and its isotopes. The current work presents the measurements and analysis of CH4 and its isotopes (δ13C and δD) of four air archive sample sets collected by the Oregon Graduate Institute (OGI). CH4 isotope ratios (δ13C and δD) were measured by a continuous flow isotope ratio mass spectrometer technique developed at PSU. The first set is for Cape Meares, Oregon which is the oldest and longest set and spans 1977-1999. The integrity of this sample set was evaluated by comparing between our measured CH4 mixing ratio values with those measured values by OGI and was found to be stable. Resulting CH4 seasonal cycle was evaluated from the Cape Meares data. The CH4 seasonal cycle shows a broad maximum during October-April and a minimum between July and August. The seasonal cycles of δ13C and δD have maximum values in May for δ13C and in July for δD and minimum values between September-October for δ13C and in October for δD. These results indicate a CH4 source that is more enriched January-May (e.g. biomass burning) and a source that is more depleted August-October (e.g. microbial). In addition to Cape Meares, air archive sets were analyzed from: South Pole (SPO), Samoa (SMO), Mauna Loa (MLO) 1992-1996. The presented δD measurements are unique measured values during these time periods at these stations. To obtain the long-term in isotopic CH4 from 1978-2010, other datasets of Northern Hemisphere mid-latitude sites are included with Cape Meares. These sites are Olympic Peninsula, Washington; Montaña de Oro, California; and Niwot Ridge, Colorado. The seasonal cycles of CH4 and its isotopes from the composite dataset have the same phase and amplitudes as the Cape Meares site. CH4 growth rate shows a decrease over time 1978-2010 with three main spikes in 1992, 1998, and 2003 consistent with the literature from the global trend. CH4 lifetime is estimated to 9.7 yrs. The δ13C trend in the composite data shows a slow increase from 1978-1987, a more rapid rate of change 1987-2005, and a gradual depletion during 2005-2010. The δD trend in the composite data shows a gradual increase during 1978-2001 and decrease from 2001-2005. From these results, the global CH4 emissions are estimated and show a leveling off sources 1982-2010 with two large peak anomalies in 1998 and 2003. The global average δ13C and δD of CH4 sources are estimated from measured values. The results of these calculations indicate that there is more than one source which controls the decrease in the global CH4 trend. From 1982-2001, δ13C and δD of CH4 sources becomes more depleted due to a decrease in fossil and/or biomass burning sources relative to microbial sources. From 2005-2010, δ13C of CH4 sources returns to its 1981 value. There are two significant peaks in δ13C and δD of CH4 sources in 1998 and 2003 due to the wildfire emissions in boreal areas and in Europe. Title: A 30-Year Record of the Isotopic Composition of Atmospheric Methane Author: Teama, Doaa Galal Mohammed Year: 2013 Methane (CH4) is one of the most important greenhouse gases after water vapor and carbon dioxide due to its high concentration and global warming potential 25 times than that of CO2 (based on a 100 year time horizon). Its atmospheric concentration has more than doubled from the preindustrial era due to anthropogenic activities such as rice cultivation, biomass burning, and fossil fuel production. However, the rate of increase of atmospheric CH4 (or the growth rate) slowed from 1980 until present. The main reason for this trend is a slowdown in the trend of CH4 sources. Measuring stable isotopes of atmospheric CH4 can constrain changes of CH4 sources. The main goal of this work is to interpret the CH4 trend from 1978-2010 in terms of its sources using measurements of CH4 mixing ratio and its isotopes. The current work presents the measurements and analysis of CH4 and its isotopes (δ13C and δD) of four air archive sample sets collected by the Oregon Graduate Institute (OGI). CH4 isotope ratios (δ13C and δD) were measured by a continuous flow isotope ratio mass spectrometer technique developed at PSU. The first set is for Cape Meares, Oregon which is the oldest and longest set and spans 1977-1999. The integrity of this sample set was evaluated by comparing between our measured CH4 mixing ratio values with those measured values by OGI and was found to be stable. Resulting CH4 seasonal cycle was evaluated from the Cape Meares data. The CH4 seasonal cycle shows a broad maximum during October-April and a minimum between July and August. The seasonal cycles of δ13C and δD have maximum values in May for δ13C and in July for δD and minimum values between September-October for δ13C and in October for δD. These results indicate a CH4 source that is more enriched January-May (e.g. biomass burning) and a source that is more depleted August-October (e.g. microbial). In addition to Cape Meares, air archive sets were analyzed from: South Pole (SPO), Samoa (SMO), Mauna Loa (MLO) 1992-1996. The presented δD measurements are unique measured values during these time periods at these stations. To obtain the long-term in isotopic CH4 from 1978-2010, other datasets of Northern Hemisphere mid-latitude sites are included with Cape Meares. These sites are Olympic Peninsula, Washington; Montaña de Oro, California; and Niwot Ridge, Colorado. The seasonal cycles of CH4 and its isotopes from the composite dataset have the same phase and amplitudes as the Cape Meares site. CH4 growth rate shows a decrease over time 1978-2010 with three main spikes in 1992, 1998, and 2003 consistent with the literature from the global trend. CH4 lifetime is estimated to 9.7 yrs. The δ13C trend in the composite data shows a slow increase from 1978-1987, a more rapid rate of change 1987-2005, and a gradual depletion during 2005-2010. The δD trend in the composite data shows a gradual increase during 1978-2001 and decrease from 2001-2005. From these results, the global CH4 emissions are estimated and show a leveling off sources 1982-2010 with two large peak anomalies in 1998 and 2003. The global average δ13C and δD of CH4 sources are estimated from measured values. The results of these calculations indicate that there is more than one source which controls the decrease in the global CH4 trend. From 1982-2001, δ13C and δD of CH4 sources becomes more depleted due to a decrease in fossil and/or biomass burning sources relative to microbial sources. From 2005-2010, δ13C of CH4 sources returns to its 1981 value. There are two significant peaks in δ13C and δD of CH4 sources in 1998 and 2003 due to the wildfire emissions in boreal areas and in Europe. Close

• 42. [Article] Oxygen Demand Trends, Land Cover Change, and Water Quality Management for an Urbanizing Oregon Watershed

  In-stream aquatic habitat depends on adequate levels of dissolved oxygen. Human alteration of the landscape has an extensive influence on the biogeochemical processes that drive oxygen cycling in streams. ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Oxygen Demand Trends, Land Cover Change, and Water Quality Management for an Urbanizing Oregon Watershed Author: Boeder, Michael Karl Year: 2006 In-stream aquatic habitat depends on adequate levels of dissolved oxygen. Human alteration of the landscape has an extensive influence on the biogeochemical processes that drive oxygen cycling in streams. Historic datasets allow researchers to track trends in chemical parameters concomitant with urbanization, while land cover change analysis allows researchers to identify linkages between water quality trends and landscape change. Using the Seasonal Kendall's test, I examined water quality trends in oxygen demand variables during the mid-1990s to 2003, for twelve sites in the Rock Creek sub-watershed of the Tualatin River, northwest Oregon. Significant trends occurred in each parameter. Dissolved oxygen (DO (%sat)) increased at five sites. Chemical oxygen demand (COD) decreased at seven sites. Total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN) decreased at five sites and increased at one site. Ammonium (NH3-N) decreased at one site and increased at one site. Multiple linear regression indicates that nitrogenous oxygen demand accounts for a significant amount of variance in COD at ten of the twelve sites (adjusted R2values from 0.14 to 0.73). Aerial photo interpretation revealed significant land cover change in agricultural land cover (-8% for the entire basin area) and residential land cover (+10% for the entire basin area). Correlation results between seasonal oxygen demand data and land cover values at multiple scales indicated that: (I) forest cover negatively influences COD at the full sub-basin scale and positively influences NH3-N at local scales, (2) residential land cover positively influences DO (%sat) values at local scales, (3) agricultural land cover does not influence oxygen demand at any land cover assessment scale, ( 4) local topography negatively influences TKN and NH3-N, and (5) urban runoff management infrastructure correlates positively with COD. Study results indicate that, with the exception of forested land, local scale land cover and landscape variables dominate influence on oxygen demand in the Rock Creek basin. Since DO conditions have improved in these streams, watershed management efforts should emphasize local influences in order to continue to maintain stream health. Title: Oxygen Demand Trends, Land Cover Change, and Water Quality Management for an Urbanizing Oregon Watershed Author: Boeder, Michael Karl Year: 2006 In-stream aquatic habitat depends on adequate levels of dissolved oxygen. Human alteration of the landscape has an extensive influence on the biogeochemical processes that drive oxygen cycling in streams. Historic datasets allow researchers to track trends in chemical parameters concomitant with urbanization, while land cover change analysis allows researchers to identify linkages between water quality trends and landscape change. Using the Seasonal Kendall's test, I examined water quality trends in oxygen demand variables during the mid-1990s to 2003, for twelve sites in the Rock Creek sub-watershed of the Tualatin River, northwest Oregon. Significant trends occurred in each parameter. Dissolved oxygen (DO (%sat)) increased at five sites. Chemical oxygen demand (COD) decreased at seven sites. Total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN) decreased at five sites and increased at one site. Ammonium (NH3-N) decreased at one site and increased at one site. Multiple linear regression indicates that nitrogenous oxygen demand accounts for a significant amount of variance in COD at ten of the twelve sites (adjusted R2values from 0.14 to 0.73). Aerial photo interpretation revealed significant land cover change in agricultural land cover (-8% for the entire basin area) and residential land cover (+10% for the entire basin area). Correlation results between seasonal oxygen demand data and land cover values at multiple scales indicated that: (I) forest cover negatively influences COD at the full sub-basin scale and positively influences NH3-N at local scales, (2) residential land cover positively influences DO (%sat) values at local scales, (3) agricultural land cover does not influence oxygen demand at any land cover assessment scale, ( 4) local topography negatively influences TKN and NH3-N, and (5) urban runoff management infrastructure correlates positively with COD. Study results indicate that, with the exception of forested land, local scale land cover and landscape variables dominate influence on oxygen demand in the Rock Creek basin. Since DO conditions have improved in these streams, watershed management efforts should emphasize local influences in order to continue to maintain stream health. Close

• 43. [Article] Climate Change and Freshwater Resources in Oregon

  Climate change will affect various sectors of water resources in Oregon in the 21st century. The observed trends in streamflow show significant declines in September flow and, although not significant, ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Climate Change and Freshwater Resources in Oregon Author: Chang, Heejun, Jones, Julie Year: 2010 Climate change will affect various sectors of water resources in Oregon in the 21st century. The observed trends in streamflow show significant declines in September flow and, although not significant, increases in March flow in many transient rain-snow basins. These streamflow trends are associated with rising temperature and coincident declines in snowpack in spring in the latter half of the 20th century. While there are no distinct trends in high precipitation events, such events are associated with climate variability such as ENSO and PDO. Effects of ENSO and PDO are more pronounced at the beginning and end of the wet season in the Willamette River basin. The amount and seasonality of water supply is projected to shift as the distribution of precipitation changes and temperatures rise. Higher summer air temperatures accompanied by reduced precipitation are projected to increase evapotranspiration and decrease stream flow in summer. Although there are no distinct spatial patterns of changes in precipitation and temperature across the State in the 21st century (uniform increase in temperature across the region), significant regional variations do exist. The magnitude of change depends on the importance of snow in the current water budget, so projected changes are greater for mountainous regions than for low-elevation areas. Transient rain-snow basins, such as those in the Western Cascade basins, are projected to be more sensitive to these changes in precipitation and temperature. The high Cascade basins that are primarily fed by deep groundwater systems could sustain low flow during summer months. Basins in the east of the Cascades are projected to have low summer flow in a distant future as groundwater recharge declines over time. April 1 snow water equivalent (SWE) will decline and the center timing of runoff will become earlier in transient rain-snow basins as snowpack is projected to decline consistently in the 21st century. These model projections should be viewed with caution for several reasons when considering climate change impacts on water supply in Oregon. First, this chapter shows that few consistent trends in runoff are apparent in streamflow records from Oregon; instead, the direction and magnitude of change in streamflow varies by season, by basin size, and among ecoregions in Oregon. Second, observed streamflow trends (e.g., declining flows in summer, or in September) may be explained by factors that may not be directly related to global climate change. For example, recent low-flow years are attributable to low precipitation years (especially 2001 and 2005) and perhaps to interannual variations in snowpack associated with cyclical variation in ocean temperatures, while long-term decreases in summer flows are attributable to the combination of summer precipitation decline and increasing water withdrawals for consumptive use. Third, model projections do not account for possible resilience and adaptations in natural ecosystems that may alter water use and lead to smaller than expected changes in streamflow. More work is needed on vegetation responses to climate variability, the interactions between soil water and vegetation, and the relationship between streamflow and precipitation (runoff ratios) in large basins. Title: Climate Change and Freshwater Resources in Oregon Author: Chang, Heejun, Jones, Julie Year: 2010 Climate change will affect various sectors of water resources in Oregon in the 21st century. The observed trends in streamflow show significant declines in September flow and, although not significant, increases in March flow in many transient rain-snow basins. These streamflow trends are associated with rising temperature and coincident declines in snowpack in spring in the latter half of the 20th century. While there are no distinct trends in high precipitation events, such events are associated with climate variability such as ENSO and PDO. Effects of ENSO and PDO are more pronounced at the beginning and end of the wet season in the Willamette River basin. The amount and seasonality of water supply is projected to shift as the distribution of precipitation changes and temperatures rise. Higher summer air temperatures accompanied by reduced precipitation are projected to increase evapotranspiration and decrease stream flow in summer. Although there are no distinct spatial patterns of changes in precipitation and temperature across the State in the 21st century (uniform increase in temperature across the region), significant regional variations do exist. The magnitude of change depends on the importance of snow in the current water budget, so projected changes are greater for mountainous regions than for low-elevation areas. Transient rain-snow basins, such as those in the Western Cascade basins, are projected to be more sensitive to these changes in precipitation and temperature. The high Cascade basins that are primarily fed by deep groundwater systems could sustain low flow during summer months. Basins in the east of the Cascades are projected to have low summer flow in a distant future as groundwater recharge declines over time. April 1 snow water equivalent (SWE) will decline and the center timing of runoff will become earlier in transient rain-snow basins as snowpack is projected to decline consistently in the 21st century. These model projections should be viewed with caution for several reasons when considering climate change impacts on water supply in Oregon. First, this chapter shows that few consistent trends in runoff are apparent in streamflow records from Oregon; instead, the direction and magnitude of change in streamflow varies by season, by basin size, and among ecoregions in Oregon. Second, observed streamflow trends (e.g., declining flows in summer, or in September) may be explained by factors that may not be directly related to global climate change. For example, recent low-flow years are attributable to low precipitation years (especially 2001 and 2005) and perhaps to interannual variations in snowpack associated with cyclical variation in ocean temperatures, while long-term decreases in summer flows are attributable to the combination of summer precipitation decline and increasing water withdrawals for consumptive use. Third, model projections do not account for possible resilience and adaptations in natural ecosystems that may alter water use and lead to smaller than expected changes in streamflow. More work is needed on vegetation responses to climate variability, the interactions between soil water and vegetation, and the relationship between streamflow and precipitation (runoff ratios) in large basins. Close

• 44. [Article] Urbanization and its Relationship to Water Quality within the Bronson Creek Watershed

  Urbanization and its Relationship to Water Quality within the Bronson Creek Watershed A watershed analysis project was undertaken to investigate the impact of urbanization on the water quality with Bronson ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Urbanization and its Relationship to Water Quality within the Bronson Creek Watershed Author: Creech, Jason Cristopher Year: 2003 Urbanization and its Relationship to Water Quality within the Bronson Creek Watershed A watershed analysis project was undertaken to investigate the impact of urbanization on the water quality with Bronson Creek; a small urban stream in the metropolitan area of Portland, Oregon. Total Maximum Daily Loads (TMDLs) have been established for several water quality parameters within the watershed. Water quality data were collected at nine sampling along Bronson Creek by Clean Water Services, a local public utility charged with storm water management and water quality protection duties. Only seven water quality parameters were included in the analysis; they were 1) temperature, 2) total phosphorous, 3) ortho-phosphate, 4) ammonia, 5) total nitrogen, 6) total suspended solids, and 7) E. Coli. Samples were taken approximately twice a month over a 7 year period from 1994 – 2001. Total impervious area (TIA) was used as the indicator of urbanization for the project. Impervious area values (TIA%) were calculated by digitizing aerial photography. Yearly TIA values were calculated for the entire watershed, as well as for its 37 subasins (subcatchement level). Water quality data were analyzed for variations along the stream and for the presence of trends (monotonic changes over time) during seasons of poor water quality. Kendall’s t was also used as the trend test statistic. Data were also analyzed to determine if an association exists between water quality at a sampling site and the upstream imperviousness (TIA%). Kendall’s t was used as the test statistic. Negative trends (improving water quality) were found throughout the watershed with nitrogen exhibiting the largest reduction. Temperature was the only parameter not to exhibit a negative trend at any location within the watershed. Results of the correlation between water quality and TIA% showed similar results, where a parameter experiencing a trend also exhibited a significant Kendall’s correlation with upstream TIA%. As TIA increased, water quality improved at least one site, for all parameters except temperature. One possible cause of the improving water quality within Bronson Creek is the implementation of best management practices within the watershed. Stormwater ponds were located in subcatchments that were adjacent to water quality sampling sites with improving water quality. The Bronson Creek watershed is also part of a pilot program to test the effectiveness of best management practices on improving water quality in the urban environment. Title: Urbanization and its Relationship to Water Quality within the Bronson Creek Watershed Author: Creech, Jason Cristopher Year: 2003 Urbanization and its Relationship to Water Quality within the Bronson Creek Watershed A watershed analysis project was undertaken to investigate the impact of urbanization on the water quality with Bronson Creek; a small urban stream in the metropolitan area of Portland, Oregon. Total Maximum Daily Loads (TMDLs) have been established for several water quality parameters within the watershed. Water quality data were collected at nine sampling along Bronson Creek by Clean Water Services, a local public utility charged with storm water management and water quality protection duties. Only seven water quality parameters were included in the analysis; they were 1) temperature, 2) total phosphorous, 3) ortho-phosphate, 4) ammonia, 5) total nitrogen, 6) total suspended solids, and 7) E. Coli. Samples were taken approximately twice a month over a 7 year period from 1994 – 2001. Total impervious area (TIA) was used as the indicator of urbanization for the project. Impervious area values (TIA%) were calculated by digitizing aerial photography. Yearly TIA values were calculated for the entire watershed, as well as for its 37 subasins (subcatchement level). Water quality data were analyzed for variations along the stream and for the presence of trends (monotonic changes over time) during seasons of poor water quality. Kendall’s t was also used as the trend test statistic. Data were also analyzed to determine if an association exists between water quality at a sampling site and the upstream imperviousness (TIA%). Kendall’s t was used as the test statistic. Negative trends (improving water quality) were found throughout the watershed with nitrogen exhibiting the largest reduction. Temperature was the only parameter not to exhibit a negative trend at any location within the watershed. Results of the correlation between water quality and TIA% showed similar results, where a parameter experiencing a trend also exhibited a significant Kendall’s correlation with upstream TIA%. As TIA increased, water quality improved at least one site, for all parameters except temperature. One possible cause of the improving water quality within Bronson Creek is the implementation of best management practices within the watershed. Stormwater ponds were located in subcatchments that were adjacent to water quality sampling sites with improving water quality. The Bronson Creek watershed is also part of a pilot program to test the effectiveness of best management practices on improving water quality in the urban environment. Close

• 45. [Article] A geophysical study of the North Scappoose Creek, Alder Creek, Clatskanie River lineament, along the trend of the Portland Hills fault, Columbia County, Oregon

  The Portland Hills fault forms a strong northwest trending lineament along the east side of the Tualatin Mountains. An en echelon lineament follows North Scappoose Creek, Alder Creek, and the Clatskanie ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: A geophysical study of the North Scappoose Creek, Alder Creek, Clatskanie River lineament, along the trend of the Portland Hills fault, Columbia County, Oregon Author: Haas, Nina Year: 1982 The Portland Hills fault forms a strong northwest trending lineament along the east side of the Tualatin Mountains. An en echelon lineament follows North Scappoose Creek, Alder Creek, and the Clatskanie River along the same trend, through Columbia County, Oregon. The possibility that this lineament follows a fault or fault zone was investigated in this study. Geophysical methods were used, with seismic refraction, magnetic and gravity lines run perpendicular to the lineament. The seismic refraction models indicate the near surface basalt is broken in many places, with 15 - 30 meters (50 - 100 feet) vertical displacement, down to the west, at Bunker Hill along the Alder Creek fault. Gravity models required a faulted zone approximately two kilometers wide across the lineament. The proposed fault zone is more clearly defined in the south, becoming more diffuse and branching in the northern part of the study area. The Bouguer gravity values from this study distort the -40 milligal contour farther to the northwest than is shown on the Complete Bouguer Gravity Anomaly Map of Oregon {Berg and Thiruvathukal, 1967b). The existence of sharp topographic features and the geophysical evidence indicate fault activity along the zone. Title: A geophysical study of the North Scappoose Creek, Alder Creek, Clatskanie River lineament, along the trend of the Portland Hills fault, Columbia County, Oregon Author: Haas, Nina Year: 1982 The Portland Hills fault forms a strong northwest trending lineament along the east side of the Tualatin Mountains. An en echelon lineament follows North Scappoose Creek, Alder Creek, and the Clatskanie River along the same trend, through Columbia County, Oregon. The possibility that this lineament follows a fault or fault zone was investigated in this study. Geophysical methods were used, with seismic refraction, magnetic and gravity lines run perpendicular to the lineament. The seismic refraction models indicate the near surface basalt is broken in many places, with 15 - 30 meters (50 - 100 feet) vertical displacement, down to the west, at Bunker Hill along the Alder Creek fault. Gravity models required a faulted zone approximately two kilometers wide across the lineament. The proposed fault zone is more clearly defined in the south, becoming more diffuse and branching in the northern part of the study area. The Bouguer gravity values from this study distort the -40 milligal contour farther to the northwest than is shown on the Complete Bouguer Gravity Anomaly Map of Oregon {Berg and Thiruvathukal, 1967b). The existence of sharp topographic features and the geophysical evidence indicate fault activity along the zone. Close

• 46. [Article] Anxiety level of graduate students in social work

  This study was designed to determine (1) the trend of anxiety level of social work students, term by term, over the academic year; (2) the cyclical trend of anxiety level of social work students within ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Anxiety level of graduate students in social work Author: Kouidou-Giles, Sophia, McKee, George Albert Year: 1971 This study was designed to determine (1) the trend of anxiety level of social work students, term by term, over the academic year; (2) the cyclical trend of anxiety level of social work students within each term and (3) the effects of age and sex on level of anxiety among social work students. Anxiety was measured with the IPAT – 8 Parallel Form Anxiety Battery. This test was administered to twenty randomly selected first year students in the School of Social Work during the 1969-1970 academic year at Portland State University. Data was collected from six test administrations which took place at the beginning and the end of each term. Analysis of variance in a 2x2x2x3 factorial design simultaneously investigated all four variables. Some variation among these variables and their interactions was found, but only the “time of quarter” main effect reached statistical significance. A cyclical pattern of anxiety following a high-in-the-beginning, low-at-the-end of each term trend was observed. Anxiety, however, remained quite level over the three terms of the academic year. Nor was anxiety level related to differences in age or sex. These findings have led the authors to speculate that the uncertainty of a new situation at the beginning of each new term created more anxiety than did the final field evaluations, classroom examinations, papers or other outside influences such as the Kent State incidents etc., and that increased structuring at the beginning of each term might help to allay that anxiety. Perhaps it could be said that each individual’s role as a “social work graduate student” had a greater effect on his anxiety level than did sex, age, or important events not directly related to school expectations. Title: Anxiety level of graduate students in social work Author: Kouidou-Giles, Sophia, McKee, George Albert Year: 1971 This study was designed to determine (1) the trend of anxiety level of social work students, term by term, over the academic year; (2) the cyclical trend of anxiety level of social work students within each term and (3) the effects of age and sex on level of anxiety among social work students. Anxiety was measured with the IPAT – 8 Parallel Form Anxiety Battery. This test was administered to twenty randomly selected first year students in the School of Social Work during the 1969-1970 academic year at Portland State University. Data was collected from six test administrations which took place at the beginning and the end of each term. Analysis of variance in a 2x2x2x3 factorial design simultaneously investigated all four variables. Some variation among these variables and their interactions was found, but only the “time of quarter” main effect reached statistical significance. A cyclical pattern of anxiety following a high-in-the-beginning, low-at-the-end of each term trend was observed. Anxiety, however, remained quite level over the three terms of the academic year. Nor was anxiety level related to differences in age or sex. These findings have led the authors to speculate that the uncertainty of a new situation at the beginning of each new term created more anxiety than did the final field evaluations, classroom examinations, papers or other outside influences such as the Kent State incidents etc., and that increased structuring at the beginning of each term might help to allay that anxiety. Perhaps it could be said that each individual’s role as a “social work graduate student” had a greater effect on his anxiety level than did sex, age, or important events not directly related to school expectations. Close

• 47. [Article] Decreasing Emissions of Methane from Rice Agriculture

  Methane emissions from rice fields are controlled by several key factors. The most important are the application of organic soil amendments and water management: whether the fields are flooded intermittently ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Decreasing Emissions of Methane from Rice Agriculture Author: Khalil, M. A. K., Shearer, Martha J. Year: 2006 Methane emissions from rice fields are controlled by several key factors. The most important are the application of organic soil amendments and water management: whether the fields are flooded intermittently or continuously. The total annual emissions from any country or the world are thus affected by the area of rice harvested, and a composite emission factor that takes into account how the various agricultural practices are distributed in terms of fertilizer use and water management, as well as other less important variables. Over decades the area of rice harvested changes but so does the composite emission factor. The product therefore, may change substantially over decadal time scales. We will argue that for China at least, there are downward trends of both area and emission factor leading to a substantial reduction of annual emissions over the last two decades from some 30 Tg/yr to perhaps less than 10 Tg/yr. The changes that cause these reductions would increase nitrous oxide emissions from rice fields as organic fertilizers are replaced with nitrogen based fertilizers. Similar changes are likely to be occurring world-wide. These trends of emissions are probably represented in the observed slowdown of methane trend in the atmosphere and the continuing steady increase of nitrous oxide. Title: Decreasing Emissions of Methane from Rice Agriculture Author: Khalil, M. A. K., Shearer, Martha J. Year: 2006 Methane emissions from rice fields are controlled by several key factors. The most important are the application of organic soil amendments and water management: whether the fields are flooded intermittently or continuously. The total annual emissions from any country or the world are thus affected by the area of rice harvested, and a composite emission factor that takes into account how the various agricultural practices are distributed in terms of fertilizer use and water management, as well as other less important variables. Over decades the area of rice harvested changes but so does the composite emission factor. The product therefore, may change substantially over decadal time scales. We will argue that for China at least, there are downward trends of both area and emission factor leading to a substantial reduction of annual emissions over the last two decades from some 30 Tg/yr to perhaps less than 10 Tg/yr. The changes that cause these reductions would increase nitrous oxide emissions from rice fields as organic fertilizers are replaced with nitrogen based fertilizers. Similar changes are likely to be occurring world-wide. These trends of emissions are probably represented in the observed slowdown of methane trend in the atmosphere and the continuing steady increase of nitrous oxide. Close

• 48. [Article] Forecasting Microprocessor Technology in the Multicore Era Using TFDEA

  Technological advancements in the microprocessor industry are benchmarked and gauged against a set of diverse criteria, specific to the fabrication process, usage as well as achieved performance. Changing ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Forecasting Microprocessor Technology in the Multicore Era Using TFDEA Author: Durairajan, Saranya, Prado, Maria Ibarra, Rahimi, Noshad, Jahromi, Shabnam Razeghian Year: 2013 Technological advancements in the microprocessor industry are benchmarked and gauged against a set of diverse criteria, specific to the fabrication process, usage as well as achieved performance. Changing trends in the appeal factor as well as wide variety of growing application of microprocessors in different industries also have a defining impact in the advancement of the technological features in future. This study improves the previous investigation in forecasting microprocessors? technology and uses Technology Forecasting using Data Envelopment Analysis (TFDEA) methodology for an enhanced model. The study takes advantage of the recent microprocessor dataset including multi core processors, from a variety of resources including the dataset collected by Stanford University, the database made available by Standard Performance Evaluation Corporation (SPEC), and the specifications announcements by the microprocessor manufacturers such as Intel and AMD. The result of this study is a rate of change (RoC) that is obtained based on the recent design trends including the State-of-the-Art generation of multicore microprocessors and hence, is superior for forecasting the future microprocessor technology trends. The Rate of Change obtained provides the rate in which values of expected output performance or input requirements for the state of the art microprocessors change in future years and can be used to evaluate the competitiveness of the projects being researched and developed. Title: Forecasting Microprocessor Technology in the Multicore Era Using TFDEA Author: Durairajan, Saranya, Prado, Maria Ibarra, Rahimi, Noshad, Jahromi, Shabnam Razeghian Year: 2013 Technological advancements in the microprocessor industry are benchmarked and gauged against a set of diverse criteria, specific to the fabrication process, usage as well as achieved performance. Changing trends in the appeal factor as well as wide variety of growing application of microprocessors in different industries also have a defining impact in the advancement of the technological features in future. This study improves the previous investigation in forecasting microprocessors? technology and uses Technology Forecasting using Data Envelopment Analysis (TFDEA) methodology for an enhanced model. The study takes advantage of the recent microprocessor dataset including multi core processors, from a variety of resources including the dataset collected by Stanford University, the database made available by Standard Performance Evaluation Corporation (SPEC), and the specifications announcements by the microprocessor manufacturers such as Intel and AMD. The result of this study is a rate of change (RoC) that is obtained based on the recent design trends including the State-of-the-Art generation of multicore microprocessors and hence, is superior for forecasting the future microprocessor technology trends. The Rate of Change obtained provides the rate in which values of expected output performance or input requirements for the state of the art microprocessors change in future years and can be used to evaluate the competitiveness of the projects being researched and developed. Close

• 49. [Article] Combining and Aggregating Environmental Data for Status and Trend Assessments: Challenges and Approaches

  Increasingly, natural resource management agencies and nongovernmental organizations are sharing monitoring data across geographic and jurisdictional boundaries. Doing so improves their abilities to assess ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Combining and Aggregating Environmental Data for Status and Trend Assessments: Challenges and Approaches Author: Maas-Hebner, Kathleen G., Harte, Michael, Molina, Nancy, Hughes, Robert M., Schreck, Carl B., Yeakley, J. Alan Year: 2015 Increasingly, natural resource management agencies and nongovernmental organizations are sharing monitoring data across geographic and jurisdictional boundaries. Doing so improves their abilities to assess local-, regional-, and landscape-level environmental conditions, particularly status and trends, and to improve their ability to make short-and long-term management decisions. Status monitoring assesses the current condition of a population or environmental condition across an area. Monitoring for trends aims at monitoring changes in populations or environmental condition through time. We wrote this paper to inform agency and nongovernmental organization managers, analysts, and consultants regarding the kinds of environmental data that can be combined with suitable techniques and statistically aggregated for new assessments. By doing so, they can increase the (1) use of available data and (2) the validity and reliability of the assessments. Increased awareness of the difficulties inherent in combining and aggregating data for local-and regional-level analyses can increase the likelihood that future monitoring efforts will be modified and/or planned to accommodate data from multiple sources. Title: Combining and Aggregating Environmental Data for Status and Trend Assessments: Challenges and Approaches Author: Maas-Hebner, Kathleen G., Harte, Michael, Molina, Nancy, Hughes, Robert M., Schreck, Carl B., Yeakley, J. Alan Year: 2015 Increasingly, natural resource management agencies and nongovernmental organizations are sharing monitoring data across geographic and jurisdictional boundaries. Doing so improves their abilities to assess local-, regional-, and landscape-level environmental conditions, particularly status and trends, and to improve their ability to make short-and long-term management decisions. Status monitoring assesses the current condition of a population or environmental condition across an area. Monitoring for trends aims at monitoring changes in populations or environmental condition through time. We wrote this paper to inform agency and nongovernmental organization managers, analysts, and consultants regarding the kinds of environmental data that can be combined with suitable techniques and statistically aggregated for new assessments. By doing so, they can increase the (1) use of available data and (2) the validity and reliability of the assessments. Increased awareness of the difficulties inherent in combining and aggregating data for local-and regional-level analyses can increase the likelihood that future monitoring efforts will be modified and/or planned to accommodate data from multiple sources. Close

• 50. [Article] Utilizing High Resolution Bus GPS Data to Visualize and Identify Congestion Hot-spots in Urban

  Congestion and travel delay on urban roadways can influence the roadways’ operating costs and service attractiveness. This research used high-resolution bus data to examine sources of delay on urban arterials. ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Utilizing High Resolution Bus GPS Data to Visualize and Identify Congestion Hot-spots in Urban Author: Stoll, Nicholas B, Glick, Travis B, Figliozzi, Miguel Year: 2016 Congestion and travel delay on urban roadways can influence the roadways’ operating costs and service attractiveness. This research used high-resolution bus data to examine sources of delay on urban arterials. A set of tools was created to help visualize trends in bus behavior and movement; these tools allowed larger traffic trends to be visualized along urban corridors and streets. With buses as probes and examining aggregated bus behavior, contoured speed plots were used to understand the behavior of roadways outside the zone of influence of bus stops. Speed plots were used to discover trends and travel patterns with only a few days’ data. Congestion and speed variation were viewed by time of day, and plots helped to indicate delays caused by intersections, crosswalks, or bus stops. This type of information is important to transit authorities looking to improve bus running times and reliability. Congested areas were detected and ranked. Speed plots were used to reevaluate bus stop locations (e.g., near side versus far side) and to identify locations where improvement are needed (e.g., queue jump lanes). Transportation agencies can also benefit from this type of information because arterial performance measures are difficult to estimate. Title: Utilizing High Resolution Bus GPS Data to Visualize and Identify Congestion Hot-spots in Urban Author: Stoll, Nicholas B, Glick, Travis B, Figliozzi, Miguel Year: 2016 Congestion and travel delay on urban roadways can influence the roadways’ operating costs and service attractiveness. This research used high-resolution bus data to examine sources of delay on urban arterials. A set of tools was created to help visualize trends in bus behavior and movement; these tools allowed larger traffic trends to be visualized along urban corridors and streets. With buses as probes and examining aggregated bus behavior, contoured speed plots were used to understand the behavior of roadways outside the zone of influence of bus stops. Speed plots were used to discover trends and travel patterns with only a few days’ data. Congestion and speed variation were viewed by time of day, and plots helped to indicate delays caused by intersections, crosswalks, or bus stops. This type of information is important to transit authorities looking to improve bus running times and reliability. Congested areas were detected and ranked. Speed plots were used to reevaluate bus stop locations (e.g., near side versus far side) and to identify locations where improvement are needed (e.g., queue jump lanes). Transportation agencies can also benefit from this type of information because arterial performance measures are difficult to estimate. Close