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• 1. [Article] The Pursuit of Commerce: Agricultural Development in Western Oregon, 1825-1861

  This thesis examines how the pursuit of commercial gain affected the development of agriculture in western Oregon's Willamette, Umpqua, and Rogue River Valleys. The period of study begins when the British ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The Pursuit of Commerce: Agricultural Development in Western Oregon, 1825-1861 Author: Smith, Cessna R. Year: 2011 This thesis examines how the pursuit of commercial gain affected the development of agriculture in western Oregon's Willamette, Umpqua, and Rogue River Valleys. The period of study begins when the British owned Hudson's Bay Company began to farm land in and around Fort Vancouver in 1825, and ends in 1861--during the time when agrarian settlement was beginning to expand east of the Cascade Mountains. Given that agriculture in Oregon, as elsewhere, would eventually reach a standard of national development, and given that most of Oregon's immigrants arrived poor and lacked the farm implements needed for subsistence, the question this study asks is what methods and motivations guided Oregon's first agrarian settlers to improve their industry? It is the central premise of this study that commerce was the sine qua non of agricultural development, and that commercial gain was the incentive that underpinned the improvements necessary to its progress. The question itself necessarily involves physiographical and climatological conditions, existing and potential markets, and a merchant class whose commercial motivations were beyond doubt. Two additional matters that weigh substantially through most of this paper need to be mentioned: First, because not all farmers were commercially-oriented, the focus is on individuals, including merchants, whose entrepreneurial activities contributed the most to agriculture; second, the discovery of gold in California in 1848, and in southern Oregon in the early 1850s, had a huge and lasting influence on Oregon agriculture and on the overall economy. Title: The Pursuit of Commerce: Agricultural Development in Western Oregon, 1825-1861 Author: Smith, Cessna R. Year: 2011 This thesis examines how the pursuit of commercial gain affected the development of agriculture in western Oregon's Willamette, Umpqua, and Rogue River Valleys. The period of study begins when the British owned Hudson's Bay Company began to farm land in and around Fort Vancouver in 1825, and ends in 1861--during the time when agrarian settlement was beginning to expand east of the Cascade Mountains. Given that agriculture in Oregon, as elsewhere, would eventually reach a standard of national development, and given that most of Oregon's immigrants arrived poor and lacked the farm implements needed for subsistence, the question this study asks is what methods and motivations guided Oregon's first agrarian settlers to improve their industry? It is the central premise of this study that commerce was the sine qua non of agricultural development, and that commercial gain was the incentive that underpinned the improvements necessary to its progress. The question itself necessarily involves physiographical and climatological conditions, existing and potential markets, and a merchant class whose commercial motivations were beyond doubt. Two additional matters that weigh substantially through most of this paper need to be mentioned: First, because not all farmers were commercially-oriented, the focus is on individuals, including merchants, whose entrepreneurial activities contributed the most to agriculture; second, the discovery of gold in California in 1848, and in southern Oregon in the early 1850s, had a huge and lasting influence on Oregon agriculture and on the overall economy. Close

• 2. [Article] On the Edge of Agriculture: An Interview with Narendra Varma and Gianna Banducci of Our Table Cooperative

  One mile outside Portland’s urban growth boundary near Sherwood OR, a new farm business is modeling innovative practices that could become the future of Oregon agriculture. The Our Table Cooperative brings ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: On the Edge of Agriculture: An Interview with Narendra Varma and Gianna Banducci of Our Table Cooperative Author: Simpson, Mike Year: 2013 One mile outside Portland’s urban growth boundary near Sherwood OR, a new farm business is modeling innovative practices that could become the future of Oregon agriculture. The Our Table Cooperative brings stakeholders from all levels of the food system together as member-owners within the same organizational structure. By sharing costs and infrastructure, the cooperative seeks to show that small and medium scale agricultural production can be economically viable. The farm also emphasizes diversity of crops over industrial efficiency, and its management is based on dynamic governance.. Recently, Metroscape sat down with two members of the cooperative to discuss their vision, and how their approach to farming and farmland stewardship works within a system of land-use regulations that were designed to protect Oregon’s farmland at a time when large-scale industrial production was widely thought to the only viable agricultural model. Narendra Varma is a founding member of the cooperative. Gianna Banducci recently joined the cooperative as Marketing Director. Title: On the Edge of Agriculture: An Interview with Narendra Varma and Gianna Banducci of Our Table Cooperative Author: Simpson, Mike Year: 2013 One mile outside Portland’s urban growth boundary near Sherwood OR, a new farm business is modeling innovative practices that could become the future of Oregon agriculture. The Our Table Cooperative brings stakeholders from all levels of the food system together as member-owners within the same organizational structure. By sharing costs and infrastructure, the cooperative seeks to show that small and medium scale agricultural production can be economically viable. The farm also emphasizes diversity of crops over industrial efficiency, and its management is based on dynamic governance.. Recently, Metroscape sat down with two members of the cooperative to discuss their vision, and how their approach to farming and farmland stewardship works within a system of land-use regulations that were designed to protect Oregon’s farmland at a time when large-scale industrial production was widely thought to the only viable agricultural model. Narendra Varma is a founding member of the cooperative. Gianna Banducci recently joined the cooperative as Marketing Director. Close

• 3. [Article] The Future of Oregon’s Agricultural Land

  Sixty-four percent of Oregon's farmland is expected to change hands in the next 20 years, yet many Oregon farmers are unprepared for succession. Simultaneously, beginning farmers are finding it harder ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The Future of Oregon’s Agricultural Land Author: Brekken, Christy Anderson, Gwin, Lauren, Horst, Megan, McAdams, Nellie, Martin, Sheila A Year: 2016 Sixty-four percent of Oregon's farmland is expected to change hands in the next 20 years, yet many Oregon farmers are unprepared for succession. Simultaneously, beginning farmers are finding it harder to start farmers because of dramatically increasing land prices. These distinct but interwined challenges are addressed in a new research report from the Oregon State University Center for Small Farms, Portland State University's Planning Oregon/Institute for Metropolitan Studies, and Rogue Farm Corps. The study examines trends in land tenure and the effects they might have on Oregon's economy, rural communities, and environment. The report was in many ways inspired and informed by the land access working group of the Oregon Community Food Systems Network. Title: The Future of Oregon’s Agricultural Land Author: Brekken, Christy Anderson, Gwin, Lauren, Horst, Megan, McAdams, Nellie, Martin, Sheila A Year: 2016 Sixty-four percent of Oregon's farmland is expected to change hands in the next 20 years, yet many Oregon farmers are unprepared for succession. Simultaneously, beginning farmers are finding it harder to start farmers because of dramatically increasing land prices. These distinct but interwined challenges are addressed in a new research report from the Oregon State University Center for Small Farms, Portland State University's Planning Oregon/Institute for Metropolitan Studies, and Rogue Farm Corps. The study examines trends in land tenure and the effects they might have on Oregon's economy, rural communities, and environment. The report was in many ways inspired and informed by the land access working group of the Oregon Community Food Systems Network. Close

• 4. [Article] Interview with Marissa Madrigal, Jeff Cogen Chief of Staff, 2009 (audio)

  Interview of Marissa Madrigal by Andrea Schons in Portland, Oregon on July 23rd, 2009. The interview index is available for download.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Interview with Marissa Madrigal, Jeff Cogen Chief of Staff, 2009 (audio) Author: Madrigal, Marissa Year: 2009 Interview of Marissa Madrigal by Andrea Schons in Portland, Oregon on July 23rd, 2009. The interview index is available for download. Title: Interview with Marissa Madrigal, Jeff Cogen Chief of Staff, 2009 (audio) Author: Madrigal, Marissa Year: 2009 Interview of Marissa Madrigal by Andrea Schons in Portland, Oregon on July 23rd, 2009. The interview index is available for download. Close

• 5. [Article] Interview with Jacquin Dole, Riverside Farms, 2010 (audio)

  Interview of Jacquin Dole by Paul Hopper at Riverside Farm McMinnville, Oregon on February 28th, 2010. The interview index is available for download.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Interview with Jacquin Dole, Riverside Farms, 2010 (audio) Author: Dole, Jacquin Year: 2010 Interview of Jacquin Dole by Paul Hopper at Riverside Farm McMinnville, Oregon on February 28th, 2010. The interview index is available for download. Title: Interview with Jacquin Dole, Riverside Farms, 2010 (audio) Author: Dole, Jacquin Year: 2010 Interview of Jacquin Dole by Paul Hopper at Riverside Farm McMinnville, Oregon on February 28th, 2010. The interview index is available for download. Close

• 6. [Article] Interview with Rodney Bender, Growing Gardens, 2009 (audio)

  Interview of Rodney Bender by Sarah Roecker at Growing Gardens Portland, Oregon on July 29th, 2009. The interview index is available for download.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Interview with Rodney Bender, Growing Gardens, 2009 (audio) Author: Bender, Rodney Year: 2009 Interview of Rodney Bender by Sarah Roecker at Growing Gardens Portland, Oregon on July 29th, 2009. The interview index is available for download. Title: Interview with Rodney Bender, Growing Gardens, 2009 (audio) Author: Bender, Rodney Year: 2009 Interview of Rodney Bender by Sarah Roecker at Growing Gardens Portland, Oregon on July 29th, 2009. The interview index is available for download. Close

• 7. [Article] Interview with Steve Cohen, Planning & Sustainable Development, 2009 (audio)

  Interview of Steve Cohen by Chris Stephens at Ecotrust Building, Portland, Oregon on July 28th, 2009. The interview index is available for download.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Interview with Steve Cohen, Planning & Sustainable Development, 2009 (audio) Author: Cohen, Steve Year: 2009 Interview of Steve Cohen by Chris Stephens at Ecotrust Building, Portland, Oregon on July 28th, 2009. The interview index is available for download. Title: Interview with Steve Cohen, Planning & Sustainable Development, 2009 (audio) Author: Cohen, Steve Year: 2009 Interview of Steve Cohen by Chris Stephens at Ecotrust Building, Portland, Oregon on July 28th, 2009. The interview index is available for download. Close

• 8. [Article] Interview with Martin Barrett, City Garden Farms, 2009 (audio)

  Interview of Martin Barrett by Matthew Smith on July 30th, 2009.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Interview with Martin Barrett, City Garden Farms, 2009 (audio) Author: Barrett, Martin Year: 2009 Interview of Martin Barrett by Matthew Smith on July 30th, 2009. Title: Interview with Martin Barrett, City Garden Farms, 2009 (audio) Author: Barrett, Martin Year: 2009 Interview of Martin Barrett by Matthew Smith on July 30th, 2009. Close

• 9. [Article] Interview with Prairie Hale, Zenger Farm, 2009 (audio)

  Interview of Prairie Hale by Matthew Ford on July 24th, 2009.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Interview with Prairie Hale, Zenger Farm, 2009 (audio) Author: Hale, Prairie Year: 2009 Interview of Prairie Hale by Matthew Ford on July 24th, 2009. Title: Interview with Prairie Hale, Zenger Farm, 2009 (audio) Author: Hale, Prairie Year: 2009 Interview of Prairie Hale by Matthew Ford on July 24th, 2009. Close

• 10. [Article] Hop Agriculture in Oregon: The First Century

  This thesis was written to document, through both primary and secondary sources, the history of hop growing as it was in Oregon between 1850 and 1950. In those years, hop growing was most often a speculative ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Hop Agriculture in Oregon: The First Century Author: Cooler, Kathleen E. Hudson Year: 1986 This thesis was written to document, through both primary and secondary sources, the history of hop growing as it was in Oregon between 1850 and 1950. In those years, hop growing was most often a speculative venture. Growers could be rich one year and bankrupt the next due to the uncertainties of marketing. Title: Hop Agriculture in Oregon: The First Century Author: Cooler, Kathleen E. Hudson Year: 1986 This thesis was written to document, through both primary and secondary sources, the history of hop growing as it was in Oregon between 1850 and 1950. In those years, hop growing was most often a speculative venture. Growers could be rich one year and bankrupt the next due to the uncertainties of marketing. Close

• 11. [Article] Interview with Myo DeMayo, Urbanstead Farm (audio)

  Interview of Myo DeMayo by Tyler Anderson. The interview index is available for download. The year is estimated.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Interview with Myo DeMayo, Urbanstead Farm (audio) Author: DeMayo, Myo Year: 2006 Interview of Myo DeMayo by Tyler Anderson. The interview index is available for download. The year is estimated. Title: Interview with Myo DeMayo, Urbanstead Farm (audio) Author: DeMayo, Myo Year: 2006 Interview of Myo DeMayo by Tyler Anderson. The interview index is available for download. The year is estimated. Close

• 12. [Article] Identifying Clusters of Non-Farm Activity within Exclusive Farm Use Zones in the Northern Willamette Valley

  This thesis provides an extensive look at where permitted non-farm uses and dwellings have clustered within Exclusive Farm Use (EFU) zones in the Northern Willamette Valley in Oregon. There is a looming ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Identifying Clusters of Non-Farm Activity within Exclusive Farm Use Zones in the Northern Willamette Valley Author: Chun, Nicholas Year: 2017 This thesis provides an extensive look at where permitted non-farm uses and dwellings have clustered within Exclusive Farm Use (EFU) zones in the Northern Willamette Valley in Oregon. There is a looming concern that non-farm related uses and dwellings, or non-farm development, are conflicting with agricultural preservation strategies. Specifically, non-farm developments can potentially undermine the critical mass of farmland needed to keep the agricultural economy sustainable, but until now, studies have lacked spatially precise data to systematically track these phenomena. This thesis offers methodological contributions towards analyzing these operations and presents a broad account of what has been occurring in the region. Using permit approval data from the Department of Land Conservation and Development (DLCD) and 2015 county tax lot shapefiles, I geocoded the locations of these uses and dwellings. I used location quotient and spatial autocorrelation coefficients to identify non-farm hotspots in the region and summarized different typologies that have developed. The findings reveal that viticulture operations have amassed near Dundee and Newberg in Yamhill County, while commercial activities and home occupations have clustered near the Salem-Keizer UGB. Concurrently, dwellings have clustered near the Yamhill-Polk County border. Finally, I offer suggestions to improve Oregon's agricultural land use policy and data management process, as well as advocate for more intensive research in the future to generate narratives for our results. Title: Identifying Clusters of Non-Farm Activity within Exclusive Farm Use Zones in the Northern Willamette Valley Author: Chun, Nicholas Year: 2017 This thesis provides an extensive look at where permitted non-farm uses and dwellings have clustered within Exclusive Farm Use (EFU) zones in the Northern Willamette Valley in Oregon. There is a looming concern that non-farm related uses and dwellings, or non-farm development, are conflicting with agricultural preservation strategies. Specifically, non-farm developments can potentially undermine the critical mass of farmland needed to keep the agricultural economy sustainable, but until now, studies have lacked spatially precise data to systematically track these phenomena. This thesis offers methodological contributions towards analyzing these operations and presents a broad account of what has been occurring in the region. Using permit approval data from the Department of Land Conservation and Development (DLCD) and 2015 county tax lot shapefiles, I geocoded the locations of these uses and dwellings. I used location quotient and spatial autocorrelation coefficients to identify non-farm hotspots in the region and summarized different typologies that have developed. The findings reveal that viticulture operations have amassed near Dundee and Newberg in Yamhill County, while commercial activities and home occupations have clustered near the Salem-Keizer UGB. Concurrently, dwellings have clustered near the Yamhill-Polk County border. Finally, I offer suggestions to improve Oregon's agricultural land use policy and data management process, as well as advocate for more intensive research in the future to generate narratives for our results. Close

• 13. [Article] The Landscape: Urban Agriculture

  Article discusses the growth of urban agriculture in the Portland Urban Growth Boundary.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The Landscape: Urban Agriculture Author: Mylott, Elizabeth Year: 2007 Article discusses the growth of urban agriculture in the Portland Urban Growth Boundary. Title: The Landscape: Urban Agriculture Author: Mylott, Elizabeth Year: 2007 Article discusses the growth of urban agriculture in the Portland Urban Growth Boundary. Close

• 14. [Article] Interview with Kathy & Matt Unger, Unger Farms, 2007 (audio)

  Interview of Kathy and Matt Unger by Alix Lefler at Cornelius, Oregon on July 25th, 2007. The interview index is available for download.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Interview with Kathy & Matt Unger, Unger Farms, 2007 (audio) Author: Unger, Kathy, Unger, Matt Year: 2007 Interview of Kathy and Matt Unger by Alix Lefler at Cornelius, Oregon on July 25th, 2007. The interview index is available for download. Title: Interview with Kathy & Matt Unger, Unger Farms, 2007 (audio) Author: Unger, Kathy, Unger, Matt Year: 2007 Interview of Kathy and Matt Unger by Alix Lefler at Cornelius, Oregon on July 25th, 2007. The interview index is available for download. Close

• 15. [Article] Community Breeders: Animal Husbandry in Portlandia

  A brief exploration of animal husbandry within the city limits of Portland, Oregon, covering residents' experiences with raising chickens, goats, bees and other farm animals. Touches on new concerns relating ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Community Breeders: Animal Husbandry in Portlandia Author: Spickerman, Kurt Year: 2013 A brief exploration of animal husbandry within the city limits of Portland, Oregon, covering residents' experiences with raising chickens, goats, bees and other farm animals. Touches on new concerns relating to local sources for food, community building, and drawbacks faced by some residents. Title: Community Breeders: Animal Husbandry in Portlandia Author: Spickerman, Kurt Year: 2013 A brief exploration of animal husbandry within the city limits of Portland, Oregon, covering residents' experiences with raising chickens, goats, bees and other farm animals. Touches on new concerns relating to local sources for food, community building, and drawbacks faced by some residents. Close

• 16. [Article] Oregon Lake Watch, 2014 Annual Report

  The Oregon Lake Watch (OLW) volunteer monitoring program is now in its second year of operation, continuing its focus on early detection of aquatic invasive species (AIS), with a secondary focus on lake ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Oregon Lake Watch, 2014 Annual Report Author: Jordan, Meredith, Miller, Rich, Strecker, Angela L. Year: 2015 The Oregon Lake Watch (OLW) volunteer monitoring program is now in its second year of operation, continuing its focus on early detection of aquatic invasive species (AIS), with a secondary focus on lake water quality. The aquatic invasive species chosen as Watch List priorities for the OLW are based on the Oregon Department of Agriculture’s Noxious Weed List (Oregon Department of Agriculture Noxious Weed Control Program 2014) as well as professional judgement (more information can be found in Oregon Lake Watch Final Report 2014). This report summarizes the data collected by 15 of 24 OLW volunteers over 2014, across 110 sampling events and 20 Oregon lakes. Data collected by trained volunteers includes sightings of both native and aquatic invasive plants and animals, as well as recordings of lake temperature profiles, and Secchi depth, a measure of clarity. Of the 16 original water bodies surveyed in OLW’s first year (2013), 12 were surveyed again in 2014, and 8 are new waterbodies. Long-term monitoring of these lakes provides valuable information over time, and expanding the number of lakes monitored, especially in the case of monitoring for invasive species, means that more potentially harmful invasions can be stopped sooner. Ideally, the OLW will continue to monitor these current lakes, and expand their volunteer network to cover more waterbodies across Oregon as this program continues to grow. Title: Oregon Lake Watch, 2014 Annual Report Author: Jordan, Meredith, Miller, Rich, Strecker, Angela L. Year: 2015 The Oregon Lake Watch (OLW) volunteer monitoring program is now in its second year of operation, continuing its focus on early detection of aquatic invasive species (AIS), with a secondary focus on lake water quality. The aquatic invasive species chosen as Watch List priorities for the OLW are based on the Oregon Department of Agriculture’s Noxious Weed List (Oregon Department of Agriculture Noxious Weed Control Program 2014) as well as professional judgement (more information can be found in Oregon Lake Watch Final Report 2014). This report summarizes the data collected by 15 of 24 OLW volunteers over 2014, across 110 sampling events and 20 Oregon lakes. Data collected by trained volunteers includes sightings of both native and aquatic invasive plants and animals, as well as recordings of lake temperature profiles, and Secchi depth, a measure of clarity. Of the 16 original water bodies surveyed in OLW’s first year (2013), 12 were surveyed again in 2014, and 8 are new waterbodies. Long-term monitoring of these lakes provides valuable information over time, and expanding the number of lakes monitored, especially in the case of monitoring for invasive species, means that more potentially harmful invasions can be stopped sooner. Ideally, the OLW will continue to monitor these current lakes, and expand their volunteer network to cover more waterbodies across Oregon as this program continues to grow. Close

• 17. [Article] Oregon Spartina Response Plan

  Four introduced, invasive species of Spartina (cordgrass) have been present in estuarine areas of the U.S. west coast for over a century. These Spartina species are ecological engineers- they cause severe ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Oregon Spartina Response Plan Author: Pfauth, Mary, Sytsma, Mark, Isaacson, Dennis Year: 2007 Four introduced, invasive species of Spartina (cordgrass) have been present in estuarine areas of the U.S. west coast for over a century. These Spartina species are ecological engineers- they cause severe alternations in the hydrology and food webs of invaded estuaries that are detrimental to native wildlife and commercial and recreational uses. Oregon has been relatively free of these weeds, with only two known infestations. One infestation was eradicated by Oregon Department of Agriculture and the other is currently under eradication by The Nature Conservancy. Title: Oregon Spartina Response Plan Author: Pfauth, Mary, Sytsma, Mark, Isaacson, Dennis Year: 2007 Four introduced, invasive species of Spartina (cordgrass) have been present in estuarine areas of the U.S. west coast for over a century. These Spartina species are ecological engineers- they cause severe alternations in the hydrology and food webs of invaded estuaries that are detrimental to native wildlife and commercial and recreational uses. Oregon has been relatively free of these weeds, with only two known infestations. One infestation was eradicated by Oregon Department of Agriculture and the other is currently under eradication by The Nature Conservancy. Close

• 18. [Article] Feral Swine Action Plan for Oregon

  Feral swine are defined as free roaming animals of the genus Sus that are not being held under domestic management or confinement. Swine have spread from Europe and Russia to habitats around the world ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Feral Swine Action Plan for Oregon Author: Sytsma, Mark, Rouhe, Arick Christopher Year: 2007 Feral swine are defined as free roaming animals of the genus Sus that are not being held under domestic management or confinement. Swine have spread from Europe and Russia to habitats around the world via human introduction. Currently, feral swine populations are established on every continent except Antarctica. Unlike other large mammal invaders, swine have a high reproductive capacity and are omnivorous, which allows for a quick assimilation into most habitats. Once a breeding population is established in an area, the population can quickly increase and negatively impact the ecosystem. A successful invasion of feral swine is difficult, and sometimes impossible, to reverse. A feral swine pest risk assessment for Oregon, released in 2004, designated feral swine as a very high-risk species due to high potential for establishment, environmental and economic impacts, and disease transmission to wildlife, livestock and humans. Economic impacts on ecosystems and disease transmission to wildlife are difficult to assess, but restoration of ecosystems and losses to agriculture and livestock have been estimated to exceed US$800 million in the United States each year. Environmental impacts include facilitation of noxious weed invasions, shifts in dominant plant species, reduction of forest regeneration, and soil erosion. Facilitation of noxious weeds and erosion due to feral swine rooting are documented in Oregon. Feral swine in Oregon have not been implicated in disease transmission to humans, but the recent E. coli outbreak from spinach grown on a California farm that caused three deaths has been genetically traced to feral swine excrement deposited in spinach fields. The feral swine population in Oregon is currently small and dispersed. Few disturbances have been documented but state and federal biologists report regular occurrence of disturbances due to feral swine. Actions to prevent the effects of an invasion fall into three categories: management, control or eradication. Of the three categories, only eradication efforts have successfully slowed or reversed the effects of swine invasions. Case studies from California, Australia, Hawaii, the Galapagos Islands and the Channel Islands off the coast of California show that management and control efforts, while effective in the short term, have not successfully kept small feral swine populations from increasing to levels that are unmanageable and uncontrollable. A four-year feral swine eradication plan is proposed. The Plan includes recommended legislative changes to facilitate eradication, outreach and education, population assessment, rapid response, and eradication elements. A 0.5 FTE position is required at the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife to implement the plan. Eradication of feral swine in Oregon is estimated to require a four-year, $1.29 million effort. Follow-up control of new releases and escapes will require a maintenance effort estimated at less than $50,000 per year (excluding contingency funds for emergency response). These costs are small relative to the value of the $3.6 billion Oregon agriculture and livestock industries and the investment Oregon has made in riparian restoration efforts. Sustained control of feral swine in Oregon will require a longterm commitment that will include annual domestic swine marking, education, and monitoring. Title: Feral Swine Action Plan for Oregon Author: Sytsma, Mark, Rouhe, Arick Christopher Year: 2007 Feral swine are defined as free roaming animals of the genus Sus that are not being held under domestic management or confinement. Swine have spread from Europe and Russia to habitats around the world via human introduction. Currently, feral swine populations are established on every continent except Antarctica. Unlike other large mammal invaders, swine have a high reproductive capacity and are omnivorous, which allows for a quick assimilation into most habitats. Once a breeding population is established in an area, the population can quickly increase and negatively impact the ecosystem. A successful invasion of feral swine is difficult, and sometimes impossible, to reverse. A feral swine pest risk assessment for Oregon, released in 2004, designated feral swine as a very high-risk species due to high potential for establishment, environmental and economic impacts, and disease transmission to wildlife, livestock and humans. Economic impacts on ecosystems and disease transmission to wildlife are difficult to assess, but restoration of ecosystems and losses to agriculture and livestock have been estimated to exceed US$800 million in the United States each year. Environmental impacts include facilitation of noxious weed invasions, shifts in dominant plant species, reduction of forest regeneration, and soil erosion. Facilitation of noxious weeds and erosion due to feral swine rooting are documented in Oregon. Feral swine in Oregon have not been implicated in disease transmission to humans, but the recent E. coli outbreak from spinach grown on a California farm that caused three deaths has been genetically traced to feral swine excrement deposited in spinach fields. The feral swine population in Oregon is currently small and dispersed. Few disturbances have been documented but state and federal biologists report regular occurrence of disturbances due to feral swine. Actions to prevent the effects of an invasion fall into three categories: management, control or eradication. Of the three categories, only eradication efforts have successfully slowed or reversed the effects of swine invasions. Case studies from California, Australia, Hawaii, the Galapagos Islands and the Channel Islands off the coast of California show that management and control efforts, while effective in the short term, have not successfully kept small feral swine populations from increasing to levels that are unmanageable and uncontrollable. A four-year feral swine eradication plan is proposed. The Plan includes recommended legislative changes to facilitate eradication, outreach and education, population assessment, rapid response, and eradication elements. A 0.5 FTE position is required at the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife to implement the plan. Eradication of feral swine in Oregon is estimated to require a four-year, $1.29 million effort. Follow-up control of new releases and escapes will require a maintenance effort estimated at less than $50,000 per year (excluding contingency funds for emergency response). These costs are small relative to the value of the $3.6 billion Oregon agriculture and livestock industries and the investment Oregon has made in riparian restoration efforts. Sustained control of feral swine in Oregon will require a longterm commitment that will include annual domestic swine marking, education, and monitoring. Close

• 19. [Article] Aquatic Vegetation in Irrigation Canals

  Preparation of this guidance manual for integrated aquatic vegetation management in irrigation canals was stimulated, in large part, by the accidental release of acrolein-treated irrigation water into ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Aquatic Vegetation in Irrigation Canals Author: Sytsma, Mark, Parker, Michael Year: 1999 Preparation of this guidance manual for integrated aquatic vegetation management in irrigation canals was stimulated, in large part, by the accidental release of acrolein-treated irrigation water into Bear Creek in southern Oregon. The resulting fish kill brought into focus the need to examine the methods available for managing aquatic vegetation in flowing water. Furthermore, it demonstrated the need for technical assistance on aquatic vegetation management in Oregon. Vegetation management in flowing water is a difficult undertaking. The interconnectedness of natural and manmade water conveyance systems, the tenuous status of many aquatic species, and the necessity of water delivery for profitable and productive agriculture in Oregon and much of the Northwest interact to focus attention on the way that aquatic vegetation management is conducted. Endangerment of fish species in the Pacific Northwest requires a detailed examination of agricultural operations. This manual is intended to provide water conveyance system managers a summary of available technologies for aquatic vegetation management and to outline the concepts and procedures necessary for development of an integrated management plan for vegetation growing in canals. With the adoption of a thoughtful approach to aquatic vegetation management, and with technical assistance and research on the problem plants and control techniques, aquatic vegetation can be managed without severe off-site and non-target impacts. It is hoped that this manual will assist in reaching that goal. Title: Aquatic Vegetation in Irrigation Canals Author: Sytsma, Mark, Parker, Michael Year: 1999 Preparation of this guidance manual for integrated aquatic vegetation management in irrigation canals was stimulated, in large part, by the accidental release of acrolein-treated irrigation water into Bear Creek in southern Oregon. The resulting fish kill brought into focus the need to examine the methods available for managing aquatic vegetation in flowing water. Furthermore, it demonstrated the need for technical assistance on aquatic vegetation management in Oregon. Vegetation management in flowing water is a difficult undertaking. The interconnectedness of natural and manmade water conveyance systems, the tenuous status of many aquatic species, and the necessity of water delivery for profitable and productive agriculture in Oregon and much of the Northwest interact to focus attention on the way that aquatic vegetation management is conducted. Endangerment of fish species in the Pacific Northwest requires a detailed examination of agricultural operations. This manual is intended to provide water conveyance system managers a summary of available technologies for aquatic vegetation management and to outline the concepts and procedures necessary for development of an integrated management plan for vegetation growing in canals. With the adoption of a thoughtful approach to aquatic vegetation management, and with technical assistance and research on the problem plants and control techniques, aquatic vegetation can be managed without severe off-site and non-target impacts. It is hoped that this manual will assist in reaching that goal. Close

• 20. [Article] The Diggable City: Making Urban Agriculture a Planning Priority

  In addition to an inventory of potential urban agriculture sites, the team also conducted a literature review, held focus groups with relevant stakeholders, conducted numerous interviews, and administered ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The Diggable City: Making Urban Agriculture a Planning Priority Author: Balmer, Kevin, Gill, James, Kaplinger, Heather, Miller, Joe, Peterson, Melissa, Rhoads, Amanda, Rosenbloom, Paul, Wall, Teak Year: 2005 In addition to an inventory of potential urban agriculture sites, the team also conducted a literature review, held focus groups with relevant stakeholders, conducted numerous interviews, and administered and analyzed surveys. The results of these outreach efforts greatly informed criteria development and recommendations, and expanded our understanding of the potential for urban agriculture in Portland. This project was conducted under the supervision of Sy Adler, Deborah Howe, and Connie Ozawa. A DVD version of this work produced in 2006 can be found at: http://search.library.pdx.edu/PSU:CP71113508690001451 Title: The Diggable City: Making Urban Agriculture a Planning Priority Author: Balmer, Kevin, Gill, James, Kaplinger, Heather, Miller, Joe, Peterson, Melissa, Rhoads, Amanda, Rosenbloom, Paul, Wall, Teak Year: 2005 In addition to an inventory of potential urban agriculture sites, the team also conducted a literature review, held focus groups with relevant stakeholders, conducted numerous interviews, and administered and analyzed surveys. The results of these outreach efforts greatly informed criteria development and recommendations, and expanded our understanding of the potential for urban agriculture in Portland. This project was conducted under the supervision of Sy Adler, Deborah Howe, and Connie Ozawa. A DVD version of this work produced in 2006 can be found at: http://search.library.pdx.edu/PSU:CP71113508690001451 Close

• 21. [Article] Poultry and the Press: Urban Chickens and the National Stage

  After a 2010 Association of Collegiate Schools of Planning (ACSP) conference bus erupted into chatter from a tour guide’s passing comment about a new ordinance allowing chickens into Minneapolis backyards, ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Poultry and the Press: Urban Chickens and the National Stage Author: Iroz-Elardo, Nicole Year: 2013 After a 2010 Association of Collegiate Schools of Planning (ACSP) conference bus erupted into chatter from a tour guide’s passing comment about a new ordinance allowing chickens into Minneapolis backyards, I wondered about the magnitude of the urban chicken movement. Legalizing urban chickens is, in fact, occurring more often. A Lexus-Nexus Power Search of the term ‘chicken ordinance’ does not even register a hit in 2000. Yet in 2010, 141 articles discussed potential changes to urban chicken ordinances. Such an explosion of national news coverage suggests urban chicken keeping reaches beyond Portland’s borders. What is driving this interest in urban chicken keeping? What is the media reporting as arguments for and against chickens in the urban context? With the help of my students, I reviewed over 200 newspaper articles from 2009 and 2010 to better understand the public discourse surrounding urban chicken ordinances. Title: Poultry and the Press: Urban Chickens and the National Stage Author: Iroz-Elardo, Nicole Year: 2013 After a 2010 Association of Collegiate Schools of Planning (ACSP) conference bus erupted into chatter from a tour guide’s passing comment about a new ordinance allowing chickens into Minneapolis backyards, I wondered about the magnitude of the urban chicken movement. Legalizing urban chickens is, in fact, occurring more often. A Lexus-Nexus Power Search of the term ‘chicken ordinance’ does not even register a hit in 2000. Yet in 2010, 141 articles discussed potential changes to urban chicken ordinances. Such an explosion of national news coverage suggests urban chicken keeping reaches beyond Portland’s borders. What is driving this interest in urban chicken keeping? What is the media reporting as arguments for and against chickens in the urban context? With the help of my students, I reviewed over 200 newspaper articles from 2009 and 2010 to better understand the public discourse surrounding urban chicken ordinances. Close

• 22. [Article] Portland’s Food Economy: Trends and Contributions

  The primary goal of this report is to document the scope, growth, and contribution of the food economy to the city of Portland and the region. Specifically, this report addresses the following research ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Portland’s Food Economy: Trends and Contributions Author: Green, Jamaal, Schrock, Greg, Liu, Jenny H. Year: 2015 The primary goal of this report is to document the scope, growth, and contribution of the food economy to the city of Portland and the region. Specifically, this report addresses the following research questions: What is the "food economy," and how is it defined? What is the size of Portland’s food economy, and how has it changed in recent years? How is the food economy distributed spatially within the city and the region? How is this changing? What kind of employment opportunities does Portland’s food economy offer? How do they compare to the broader economy? Who works in Portland’s food economy? How has Portland’s food economy performed relative to national trends? What is the broader impact and contribution of the Portland food economy to the overall regional economy, and to state and local government finances? Title: Portland’s Food Economy: Trends and Contributions Author: Green, Jamaal, Schrock, Greg, Liu, Jenny H. Year: 2015 The primary goal of this report is to document the scope, growth, and contribution of the food economy to the city of Portland and the region. Specifically, this report addresses the following research questions: What is the "food economy," and how is it defined? What is the size of Portland’s food economy, and how has it changed in recent years? How is the food economy distributed spatially within the city and the region? How is this changing? What kind of employment opportunities does Portland’s food economy offer? How do they compare to the broader economy? Who works in Portland’s food economy? How has Portland’s food economy performed relative to national trends? What is the broader impact and contribution of the Portland food economy to the overall regional economy, and to state and local government finances? Close

• 23. [Article] Interview with Allejandro Tecum, Adelante Mujeres, 2010 (audio)

  Interview of Allejandro Tecum by Adam Villareal at Forest Grove, Oregon on February 25th, 2010. The interview index is available for download.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Interview with Allejandro Tecum, Adelante Mujeres, 2010 (audio) Author: Tecum, Allejandro Year: 2010 Interview of Allejandro Tecum by Adam Villareal at Forest Grove, Oregon on February 25th, 2010. The interview index is available for download. Title: Interview with Allejandro Tecum, Adelante Mujeres, 2010 (audio) Author: Tecum, Allejandro Year: 2010 Interview of Allejandro Tecum by Adam Villareal at Forest Grove, Oregon on February 25th, 2010. The interview index is available for download. Close

• 24. [Article] Interview with Oscar Lozano, Dayton Meat Company, 2006 (audio)

  Interview of Oscar Lozano by Brad Schuler on August 14th, 2006. The interview index is available for download.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Interview with Oscar Lozano, Dayton Meat Company, 2006 (audio) Author: Lozano, Oscar Year: 2006 Interview of Oscar Lozano by Brad Schuler on August 14th, 2006. The interview index is available for download. Title: Interview with Oscar Lozano, Dayton Meat Company, 2006 (audio) Author: Lozano, Oscar Year: 2006 Interview of Oscar Lozano by Brad Schuler on August 14th, 2006. The interview index is available for download. Close

• 25. [Article] Interview with Ted Morris, Dayton Meat Company, 2006 (audio)

  Interview of Ted Morris by Matt Witke on August 17th, 2006. The interview index is available for download.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Interview with Ted Morris, Dayton Meat Company, 2006 (audio) Author: Morris, Ted Year: 2006 Interview of Ted Morris by Matt Witke on August 17th, 2006. The interview index is available for download. Title: Interview with Ted Morris, Dayton Meat Company, 2006 (audio) Author: Morris, Ted Year: 2006 Interview of Ted Morris by Matt Witke on August 17th, 2006. The interview index is available for download. Close

• 26. [Article] Interview with Deanna Quan, Q-Bar Farm, 2006 (audio)

  Interview of Deanna Quan by Erin Downey on August 10th, 2006.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Interview with Deanna Quan, Q-Bar Farm, 2006 (audio) Author: Quan, Deanna Year: 2006 Interview of Deanna Quan by Erin Downey on August 10th, 2006. Title: Interview with Deanna Quan, Q-Bar Farm, 2006 (audio) Author: Quan, Deanna Year: 2006 Interview of Deanna Quan by Erin Downey on August 10th, 2006. Close

• 27. [Article] Interview with Bernard Smith, Full of Life Farms, 2010 (audio)

  Interview of Bernard Smith by Kyle Dykstra on February 28th, 2010. The interview index is available for download.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Interview with Bernard Smith, Full of Life Farms, 2010 (audio) Author: Smith, Bernard Year: 2010 Interview of Bernard Smith by Kyle Dykstra on February 28th, 2010. The interview index is available for download. Title: Interview with Bernard Smith, Full of Life Farms, 2010 (audio) Author: Smith, Bernard Year: 2010 Interview of Bernard Smith by Kyle Dykstra on February 28th, 2010. The interview index is available for download. Close

• 28. [Article] Engaging Community Food Systems through Learning Garden Programs: Oregon Food Bank's Seed to Supper Program

  The purpose of this study was to discover whether learning garden programs increase access to locally grown foods and successfully empower and include food insecure populations. This study examined the ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Engaging Community Food Systems through Learning Garden Programs: Oregon Food Bank's Seed to Supper Program Author: Withers, Denissia Elizabeth Year: 2012 The purpose of this study was to discover whether learning garden programs increase access to locally grown foods and successfully empower and include food insecure populations. This study examined the Oregon Food Bank's Seed to Supper program which situates garden-based learning in food insecure communities. Through a mixed-methods community-based research process, this study found that community building, learner empowerment and sustainability leadership in place-based learning garden programs increased access to locally grown foods for food insecure populations. When food insecure populations participated in these learning garden programs they often engaged in practices described in the literature as the "web of inclusion" (Helgesen, 1995). When food insecure populations were engaged in these practices, participation in food democracy and food justice increased. Additionally, participation in learning gardens led to sustainability leadership and increased access to food literacy, which led to greater community health and engaged, local community food systems. Title: Engaging Community Food Systems through Learning Garden Programs: Oregon Food Bank's Seed to Supper Program Author: Withers, Denissia Elizabeth Year: 2012 The purpose of this study was to discover whether learning garden programs increase access to locally grown foods and successfully empower and include food insecure populations. This study examined the Oregon Food Bank's Seed to Supper program which situates garden-based learning in food insecure communities. Through a mixed-methods community-based research process, this study found that community building, learner empowerment and sustainability leadership in place-based learning garden programs increased access to locally grown foods for food insecure populations. When food insecure populations participated in these learning garden programs they often engaged in practices described in the literature as the "web of inclusion" (Helgesen, 1995). When food insecure populations were engaged in these practices, participation in food democracy and food justice increased. Additionally, participation in learning gardens led to sustainability leadership and increased access to food literacy, which led to greater community health and engaged, local community food systems. Close

• 29. [Article] Survey of Aquatic Invasive Species in Selected Umpqua National Forest Lakes and Ponds

  Eleven lakes and ponds within the Umpqua National Forest were surveyed for invasive aquatic macrophytes, snails, bivalves, and crayfish during the summer of 2011. Yellow floating heart (Nymphoides peltata), ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Survey of Aquatic Invasive Species in Selected Umpqua National Forest Lakes and Ponds Author: Sytsma, Mark D., Miller, Rich Year: 2012 Eleven lakes and ponds within the Umpqua National Forest were surveyed for invasive aquatic macrophytes, snails, bivalves, and crayfish during the summer of 2011. Yellow floating heart (Nymphoides peltata), an invasive floating leaf macrophyte species, was detected in Willow Sump within the Little River drainage. European ear snails (Radix auricularia), an invasive species present in several Umpqua National Forest waterbodies, were detected in Beaver Pond within the Steamboat Creek drainage. One native crayfish species, the signal crayfish (Pacifastacus leniusculus), was observed in Crayfish Lake within the Brice Creek drainage. Diverse assemblages of native plant species were observed in the lakes and ponds. The UNF and the Oregon Department of Agriculture are exploring ways to eradicate the yellow floating heart infestation in Willow Sump. Title: Survey of Aquatic Invasive Species in Selected Umpqua National Forest Lakes and Ponds Author: Sytsma, Mark D., Miller, Rich Year: 2012 Eleven lakes and ponds within the Umpqua National Forest were surveyed for invasive aquatic macrophytes, snails, bivalves, and crayfish during the summer of 2011. Yellow floating heart (Nymphoides peltata), an invasive floating leaf macrophyte species, was detected in Willow Sump within the Little River drainage. European ear snails (Radix auricularia), an invasive species present in several Umpqua National Forest waterbodies, were detected in Beaver Pond within the Steamboat Creek drainage. One native crayfish species, the signal crayfish (Pacifastacus leniusculus), was observed in Crayfish Lake within the Brice Creek drainage. Diverse assemblages of native plant species were observed in the lakes and ponds. The UNF and the Oregon Department of Agriculture are exploring ways to eradicate the yellow floating heart infestation in Willow Sump. Close

• 30. [Article] Interview with Ben Johnson, Columbia Gorge Organics, 2006 (audio)

  Interview of Ben Johnson by David Kelty on August 2nd, 2006.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Interview with Ben Johnson, Columbia Gorge Organics, 2006 (audio) Author: Johnson, Ben Year: 2006 Interview of Ben Johnson by David Kelty on August 2nd, 2006. Title: Interview with Ben Johnson, Columbia Gorge Organics, 2006 (audio) Author: Johnson, Ben Year: 2006 Interview of Ben Johnson by David Kelty on August 2nd, 2006. Close

• 31. [Article] Growing a Sustainable Portland Metropolitan Foodshed

  Project Description and Objectives: Western Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education (SARE) provided funding for this study to examine key agricultural trends, identify producer needs and define ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Growing a Sustainable Portland Metropolitan Foodshed Author: Martin, Sheila, Doherty-Chapman, Kathryn, Wise, Robert, Foust, Steve, Greene, Kirsten, Fiore, Ellie, Wyoming, Ellen, Seavert, Clark, Sullivan, Rebecca, Emshoff, Beth, Yap, Anita, Scolnik, Elise, Short, Bob Year: 2012 Project Description and Objectives: Western Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education (SARE) provided funding for this study to examine key agricultural trends, identify producer needs and define strategies to strengthen the local food production system. The goals of the study are to: Define the Portland Metropolitan Foodshed; identify related agricultural and economic trends and develop a needs assessment based on input from producers and other stakeholders; assemble a regional toolkit of strategies to support evolution of a sustainable Portland Metropolitan Foodshed; work with the City of Damascus, Oregon to test the toolkit on a local level; Develop a research and educational program that supports these goals and supports small and medium farmers in the region. This project differs from many other studies of the barriers and opportunities faced by farmers because it focuses specifically on farms that are trying to survive within a growing metropolitan region. While these farms face significant challenges related to urban growth, they also have significant opportunities as urban consumers begin to demand food that is grown locally and sustainability and food related experiences that can supplement farm income. Title: Growing a Sustainable Portland Metropolitan Foodshed Author: Martin, Sheila, Doherty-Chapman, Kathryn, Wise, Robert, Foust, Steve, Greene, Kirsten, Fiore, Ellie, Wyoming, Ellen, Seavert, Clark, Sullivan, Rebecca, Emshoff, Beth, Yap, Anita, Scolnik, Elise, Short, Bob Year: 2012 Project Description and Objectives: Western Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education (SARE) provided funding for this study to examine key agricultural trends, identify producer needs and define strategies to strengthen the local food production system. The goals of the study are to: Define the Portland Metropolitan Foodshed; identify related agricultural and economic trends and develop a needs assessment based on input from producers and other stakeholders; assemble a regional toolkit of strategies to support evolution of a sustainable Portland Metropolitan Foodshed; work with the City of Damascus, Oregon to test the toolkit on a local level; Develop a research and educational program that supports these goals and supports small and medium farmers in the region. This project differs from many other studies of the barriers and opportunities faced by farmers because it focuses specifically on farms that are trying to survive within a growing metropolitan region. While these farms face significant challenges related to urban growth, they also have significant opportunities as urban consumers begin to demand food that is grown locally and sustainability and food related experiences that can supplement farm income. Close

• 32. [Article] Growing Zenger Farm

  Zenger Farm is a working urban farm in outer southeast Portland, Oregon, that promotes sustainable food systems, environmental stewardship and local economic development. Currently operating on 6 acres ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Growing Zenger Farm Author: Sonmez, Turhan, Milner, Elizabeth, Glenewinkel, Stacey, Carone, Kate Year: 2010 Zenger Farm is a working urban farm in outer southeast Portland, Oregon, that promotes sustainable food systems, environmental stewardship and local economic development. Currently operating on 6 acres of farmland and 10 acres of wetland, the farm has an opportunity to expand onto 4 additional acres of adjacent land, and has asked Ecotone to help maximize the potential of that expansion. Growing Zenger Farm is a unique opportunity to learn how urban agriculture can best address the needs of communities. Food security, community development, education, economic development and environmental stewardship are components of Zenger's stated mission and goals and are areas where urban agriculture has the potential to make meaningful contributions. Ecotone will complete a community needs assessment (CNA) of the Powellhurst-Gilbert and Lents communities, and will work with high school planning students from Catlin Gabel School to simultaneously carry out a youth-focused CNA of the same neighborhoods. The CNA findings, in conjunction with urban agriculture research and extensive outreach and collaboration with Zenger's neighbors, will help Ecotone develop programmatic, site design and urban agriculture policy recommendations. This project was conducted under the supervision of Sumner Sharpe and Ellen Bassett. Title: Growing Zenger Farm Author: Sonmez, Turhan, Milner, Elizabeth, Glenewinkel, Stacey, Carone, Kate Year: 2010 Zenger Farm is a working urban farm in outer southeast Portland, Oregon, that promotes sustainable food systems, environmental stewardship and local economic development. Currently operating on 6 acres of farmland and 10 acres of wetland, the farm has an opportunity to expand onto 4 additional acres of adjacent land, and has asked Ecotone to help maximize the potential of that expansion. Growing Zenger Farm is a unique opportunity to learn how urban agriculture can best address the needs of communities. Food security, community development, education, economic development and environmental stewardship are components of Zenger's stated mission and goals and are areas where urban agriculture has the potential to make meaningful contributions. Ecotone will complete a community needs assessment (CNA) of the Powellhurst-Gilbert and Lents communities, and will work with high school planning students from Catlin Gabel School to simultaneously carry out a youth-focused CNA of the same neighborhoods. The CNA findings, in conjunction with urban agriculture research and extensive outreach and collaboration with Zenger's neighbors, will help Ecotone develop programmatic, site design and urban agriculture policy recommendations. This project was conducted under the supervision of Sumner Sharpe and Ellen Bassett. Close

• 33. [Article] Interview with John Martinson Jr., Birds & Bees Community Farm, 2008 (audio)

  Interview of John Martinson Jr. by Clint Anderson in Oregon City, Oregon on May 8th, 2008. The interview index is available for download.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Interview with John Martinson Jr., Birds & Bees Community Farm, 2008 (audio) Author: Martinson, John, Jr. Year: 2008 Interview of John Martinson Jr. by Clint Anderson in Oregon City, Oregon on May 8th, 2008. The interview index is available for download. Title: Interview with John Martinson Jr., Birds & Bees Community Farm, 2008 (audio) Author: Martinson, John, Jr. Year: 2008 Interview of John Martinson Jr. by Clint Anderson in Oregon City, Oregon on May 8th, 2008. The interview index is available for download. Close

• 34. [Article] Interview with Sonja Andreas, McCoy Gardens, 2010 (audio)

  Interview of Sonja Andreas by Ian McCreary in Portland, Oregon on March 5, 2010. The interview index is available for download.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Interview with Sonja Andreas, McCoy Gardens, 2010 (audio) Author: Andreas, Sonja Year: 2010 Interview of Sonja Andreas by Ian McCreary in Portland, Oregon on March 5, 2010. The interview index is available for download. Title: Interview with Sonja Andreas, McCoy Gardens, 2010 (audio) Author: Andreas, Sonja Year: 2010 Interview of Sonja Andreas by Ian McCreary in Portland, Oregon on March 5, 2010. The interview index is available for download. Close

• 35. [Article] Interview with Katy Kolker, Portland Fruit Tree Project, 2010 (audio)

  Interview of Katy Kolker by Dan Stillinger in Portland, Oregon on February 27th, 2010. The interview index is available for download.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Interview with Katy Kolker, Portland Fruit Tree Project, 2010 (audio) Author: Kolker, Katy Year: 2010 Interview of Katy Kolker by Dan Stillinger in Portland, Oregon on February 27th, 2010. The interview index is available for download. Title: Interview with Katy Kolker, Portland Fruit Tree Project, 2010 (audio) Author: Kolker, Katy Year: 2010 Interview of Katy Kolker by Dan Stillinger in Portland, Oregon on February 27th, 2010. The interview index is available for download. Close

• 36. [Article] Interview with Michelle Markesteyn-Ratcliffe, ODA, 2011

  Interview of Michelle Markesteyn-Ratcliffe by Megan Rice in Portland, Oregon on May 10th, 2011. The interview index is available for download.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Interview with Michelle Markesteyn-Ratcliffe, ODA, 2011 Author: Markesteyn-Ratcliffe, Michelle Year: 2011 Interview of Michelle Markesteyn-Ratcliffe by Megan Rice in Portland, Oregon on May 10th, 2011. The interview index is available for download. Title: Interview with Michelle Markesteyn-Ratcliffe, ODA, 2011 Author: Markesteyn-Ratcliffe, Michelle Year: 2011 Interview of Michelle Markesteyn-Ratcliffe by Megan Rice in Portland, Oregon on May 10th, 2011. The interview index is available for download. Close

• 37. [Article] Interview with Darrell Sanders, Cully Community Garden, 2010 (audio)

  Interview of Darrell Sanders by Jeremy Cohen in Portland, Oregon on February 20th, 2010. The interview index is available for download.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Interview with Darrell Sanders, Cully Community Garden, 2010 (audio) Author: Sanders, Darrell Year: 2010 Interview of Darrell Sanders by Jeremy Cohen in Portland, Oregon on February 20th, 2010. The interview index is available for download. Title: Interview with Darrell Sanders, Cully Community Garden, 2010 (audio) Author: Sanders, Darrell Year: 2010 Interview of Darrell Sanders by Jeremy Cohen in Portland, Oregon on February 20th, 2010. The interview index is available for download. Close

• 38. [Article] Interview with Trevor Baird, Baird Family Orchard, 2007 (audio)

  Interview of Trevor Baird by Adam Hopfe at Portland State University on August 7th, 2007. The interview index is available for download.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Interview with Trevor Baird, Baird Family Orchard, 2007 (audio) Author: Baird, Trevor Year: 2007 Interview of Trevor Baird by Adam Hopfe at Portland State University on August 7th, 2007. The interview index is available for download. Title: Interview with Trevor Baird, Baird Family Orchard, 2007 (audio) Author: Baird, Trevor Year: 2007 Interview of Trevor Baird by Adam Hopfe at Portland State University on August 7th, 2007. The interview index is available for download. Close

• 39. [Article] Interview with Chris Harris, New Seasons Market, 2006 (audio)

  Interview of Chris Harris by Joel Swift on August 8th, 2006.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Interview with Chris Harris, New Seasons Market, 2006 (audio) Author: Harris, Chris Year: 2006 Interview of Chris Harris by Joel Swift on August 8th, 2006. Title: Interview with Chris Harris, New Seasons Market, 2006 (audio) Author: Harris, Chris Year: 2006 Interview of Chris Harris by Joel Swift on August 8th, 2006. Close

• 40. [Article] Interview with Paul Klingeman, Pure Country Pork, 2006 (audio)

  Interview of Paul Klingeman by Erin Downy on August 3rd, 2006.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Interview with Paul Klingeman, Pure Country Pork, 2006 (audio) Author: Klingeman, Paul Year: 2006 Interview of Paul Klingeman by Erin Downy on August 3rd, 2006. Title: Interview with Paul Klingeman, Pure Country Pork, 2006 (audio) Author: Klingeman, Paul Year: 2006 Interview of Paul Klingeman by Erin Downy on August 3rd, 2006. Close

• 41. [Article] Interview with Susan Stelljes, Woodlawn Community Garden, 2010 (audio)

  Interview of Susan Stellijess by Stephanie Mackey on March 6th, 2010. The interview index is available for download.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Interview with Susan Stelljes, Woodlawn Community Garden, 2010 (audio) Author: Stelljes, Susan Year: 2010 Interview of Susan Stellijess by Stephanie Mackey on March 6th, 2010. The interview index is available for download. Title: Interview with Susan Stelljes, Woodlawn Community Garden, 2010 (audio) Author: Stelljes, Susan Year: 2010 Interview of Susan Stellijess by Stephanie Mackey on March 6th, 2010. The interview index is available for download. Close

• 42. [Article] The Landscape of Food Production

  The celebration of the 40th anniversary of Senate Bill 100 provides us with an excellent opportunity to reflect on metropolitan Portland’s agricultural landscape. The landmark legislation passed in 1973 ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The Landscape of Food Production Author: McClintock, Nathan, Young, Jeremy R., Evans, Taren, Simpson, Mike, Santos, Jacinto Year: 2013 The celebration of the 40th anniversary of Senate Bill 100 provides us with an excellent opportunity to reflect on metropolitan Portland’s agricultural landscape. The landmark legislation passed in 1973 has helped to protect countless acres of the region’s precious agricultural soils—some of the richest known in the world—from development. Perhaps most importantly, however, the legislation has helped to preserve the important bond between the region’s urban areas and their hinterland, and to secure the region’s local food system. A renewed interest in growing food in one’s own backyard, however, has shown in recent years that urban dwellers need not rely only on the surrounding countryside for locally grown produce. As this edition of the Periodic Atlas will show, food production today occurs not only outside the urban growth boundary, as it has for the last few decades, but within it as well—and in some cases, in the very heart of the city. Through this series of maps, we attempt to paint a picture of food production in Portland and the surrounding region in broad brushstrokes. The maps are by no means exhaustive, but rather hint at the variety of food production taking place. Title: The Landscape of Food Production Author: McClintock, Nathan, Young, Jeremy R., Evans, Taren, Simpson, Mike, Santos, Jacinto Year: 2013 The celebration of the 40th anniversary of Senate Bill 100 provides us with an excellent opportunity to reflect on metropolitan Portland’s agricultural landscape. The landmark legislation passed in 1973 has helped to protect countless acres of the region’s precious agricultural soils—some of the richest known in the world—from development. Perhaps most importantly, however, the legislation has helped to preserve the important bond between the region’s urban areas and their hinterland, and to secure the region’s local food system. A renewed interest in growing food in one’s own backyard, however, has shown in recent years that urban dwellers need not rely only on the surrounding countryside for locally grown produce. As this edition of the Periodic Atlas will show, food production today occurs not only outside the urban growth boundary, as it has for the last few decades, but within it as well—and in some cases, in the very heart of the city. Through this series of maps, we attempt to paint a picture of food production in Portland and the surrounding region in broad brushstrokes. The maps are by no means exhaustive, but rather hint at the variety of food production taking place. Close

• 43. [Article] Aquatic Plant Surveys in the Bureau of Land Management, Medford District, 2010-2011

  The introduction of invasive aquatic plant species (IAPS) can cause significant ecological and economic harm. IAPS can displace native aquatic plant species, impair recreation, and degrade water quality. ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Aquatic Plant Surveys in the Bureau of Land Management, Medford District, 2010-2011 Author: Sytsma, Mark D., Miller, Rich, Morgan, Vanessa Year: 2011 The introduction of invasive aquatic plant species (IAPS) can cause significant ecological and economic harm. IAPS can displace native aquatic plant species, impair recreation, and degrade water quality. Early detection of new invasions can improve chances for successful eradication or containment to reduce the risk of IAPS spread. The Oregon Department of Agriculture (ODA) lists the most egregious offenders as “Noxious Weeds” which are defined as plants classified by the Oregon State Weed Board that are injurious to public health, agriculture, recreation, wildlife, or any public or private property (ODA 2011). Several IAPS classified as noxious have been detected within the Medford District of the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) in Southern Oregon including yellow floating heart (Nymphoides peltata) and yellow flag iris (Iris pseudacorus). During the summers of 2010 and 2011, IAPS surveys were conducted at selected reservoirs, lakes, and river boat launches within the Medford District to determine the extent of IAPS infestations as well as the distributions of native aquatic plant species. This report summarizes results of the surveys and provides recommendations for management of IAPS within the Medford District. Observations of any invasive aquatic animal species such as New Zealand mudsnails (Potamopyrgus antipodarum) are also reported. Title: Aquatic Plant Surveys in the Bureau of Land Management, Medford District, 2010-2011 Author: Sytsma, Mark D., Miller, Rich, Morgan, Vanessa Year: 2011 The introduction of invasive aquatic plant species (IAPS) can cause significant ecological and economic harm. IAPS can displace native aquatic plant species, impair recreation, and degrade water quality. Early detection of new invasions can improve chances for successful eradication or containment to reduce the risk of IAPS spread. The Oregon Department of Agriculture (ODA) lists the most egregious offenders as “Noxious Weeds” which are defined as plants classified by the Oregon State Weed Board that are injurious to public health, agriculture, recreation, wildlife, or any public or private property (ODA 2011). Several IAPS classified as noxious have been detected within the Medford District of the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) in Southern Oregon including yellow floating heart (Nymphoides peltata) and yellow flag iris (Iris pseudacorus). During the summers of 2010 and 2011, IAPS surveys were conducted at selected reservoirs, lakes, and river boat launches within the Medford District to determine the extent of IAPS infestations as well as the distributions of native aquatic plant species. This report summarizes results of the surveys and provides recommendations for management of IAPS within the Medford District. Observations of any invasive aquatic animal species such as New Zealand mudsnails (Potamopyrgus antipodarum) are also reported. Close

• 44. [Article] Managing Activities at Wineries: Building and Sustaining a Place-Based Brand

  The Willamette Valley Winery Association, Oregon Winery Association, Oregon Department of Land Conservation and Development, and Oregon Department of Agriculture asked the authors to develop information ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Managing Activities at Wineries: Building and Sustaining a Place-Based Brand Author: Seltzer, Ethan, Bernard, Mark, McNeil, JP, Parks, Lori Year: 2013 The Willamette Valley Winery Association, Oregon Winery Association, Oregon Department of Land Conservation and Development, and Oregon Department of Agriculture asked the authors to develop information needed to help inform discussions regarding the replacement for the soon-to-sunset HB 3280. HB 3280, signed by the Governor in August of 2011, provided a means for defining and regulating wine-related and non-wine-related events occurring or proposed to occur at wineries and vineyards in Oregon, often in exclusive farm use zones. Our charge was to investigate the following policy issue: How have wine regions permitted and managed a range of uses and activities at wineries, some of which are indirectly connected to the making or selling of wine? How can wine region land use regulations contribute to sustaining the brand for a region? How can farmland winery codes best maintain compatibility with other crops and farming activities? This report is presented in three parts. We begin with the literature review, and the lessons learned from that research. We then present the four cases and the lessons learned from them. This report concludes with a synthesis of the findings from the literature review and the case studies, along with our recommendations for how this information might be applied to the development of a replacement for HB 3280 in the next legislative session. Title: Managing Activities at Wineries: Building and Sustaining a Place-Based Brand Author: Seltzer, Ethan, Bernard, Mark, McNeil, JP, Parks, Lori Year: 2013 The Willamette Valley Winery Association, Oregon Winery Association, Oregon Department of Land Conservation and Development, and Oregon Department of Agriculture asked the authors to develop information needed to help inform discussions regarding the replacement for the soon-to-sunset HB 3280. HB 3280, signed by the Governor in August of 2011, provided a means for defining and regulating wine-related and non-wine-related events occurring or proposed to occur at wineries and vineyards in Oregon, often in exclusive farm use zones. Our charge was to investigate the following policy issue: How have wine regions permitted and managed a range of uses and activities at wineries, some of which are indirectly connected to the making or selling of wine? How can wine region land use regulations contribute to sustaining the brand for a region? How can farmland winery codes best maintain compatibility with other crops and farming activities? This report is presented in three parts. We begin with the literature review, and the lessons learned from that research. We then present the four cases and the lessons learned from them. This report concludes with a synthesis of the findings from the literature review and the case studies, along with our recommendations for how this information might be applied to the development of a replacement for HB 3280 in the next legislative session. Close

• 45. [Article] Beyond Fruit: Examining Community in a Community Orchard

  The Fruits of Diversity Community Orchard, located in Portland, Oregon in an affordable housing neighborhood, is a site of alternative food provisioning in which a group of people, organized by two nonprofits, ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Beyond Fruit: Examining Community in a Community Orchard Author: Becker, Emily Jane Year: 2015 The Fruits of Diversity Community Orchard, located in Portland, Oregon in an affordable housing neighborhood, is a site of alternative food provisioning in which a group of people, organized by two nonprofits, work together to manage fruit and nut producing plants. Through conversations with volunteers who participate regularly and participant observation, this study explores the questions: What does community mean in the context of a community orchard? In what ways does partnering with a nonprofit from outside the neighborhood influence community and the way the project is operationalized? This thesis situates community orchards within the literature on alternative food networks (AFN) and highlights three key findings drawing on literature about community development and race in AFNs. First, neighbors and non-neighbors who participate in the project propose different definitions of community. Second, neighbor involvement is limited by a number of factors, including neighborhood divisions and organizational challenges. Notably, orchard participants do not reflect the racial and ethnic diversity of the neighborhood, putting this project at risk of creating a white space in a majority people of color neighborhood and reproducing inequality rather than fighting against it. Finally, this research complicates the notion of community in alternative food networks and demonstrates how collaborating with an organization from outside the neighborhood impacted the community through increasing non-neighbor participation and through their communications, aesthetics, decision making, and inattention to racial dynamics in the neighborhood and orchard. Title: Beyond Fruit: Examining Community in a Community Orchard Author: Becker, Emily Jane Year: 2015 The Fruits of Diversity Community Orchard, located in Portland, Oregon in an affordable housing neighborhood, is a site of alternative food provisioning in which a group of people, organized by two nonprofits, work together to manage fruit and nut producing plants. Through conversations with volunteers who participate regularly and participant observation, this study explores the questions: What does community mean in the context of a community orchard? In what ways does partnering with a nonprofit from outside the neighborhood influence community and the way the project is operationalized? This thesis situates community orchards within the literature on alternative food networks (AFN) and highlights three key findings drawing on literature about community development and race in AFNs. First, neighbors and non-neighbors who participate in the project propose different definitions of community. Second, neighbor involvement is limited by a number of factors, including neighborhood divisions and organizational challenges. Notably, orchard participants do not reflect the racial and ethnic diversity of the neighborhood, putting this project at risk of creating a white space in a majority people of color neighborhood and reproducing inequality rather than fighting against it. Finally, this research complicates the notion of community in alternative food networks and demonstrates how collaborating with an organization from outside the neighborhood impacted the community through increasing non-neighbor participation and through their communications, aesthetics, decision making, and inattention to racial dynamics in the neighborhood and orchard. Close

• 46. [Article] Local food and land-use in Washington County, Oregon

  Local food networks are often defined as presenting a variety of alternative food production, consumption, and distribution practices to the conventional food system such as community-supported-agriculture, ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Local food and land-use in Washington County, Oregon Author: Cousins, Joshua James Year: 2010 Local food networks are often defined as presenting a variety of alternative food production, consumption, and distribution practices to the conventional food system such as community-supported-agriculture, farmers markets, and community gardens. Local food initiatives are commonly proposed as a model for the future of sustainable agriculture, and in the region of Portland, Oregon the abundance of such alternative venues results from the area's natural surroundings and smart planning. The region is host to 39 farmers markets and Portland is often hailed as one of the country's most sustainable cities. This study examines the role of local food networks in preserving agricultural land uses and livelihoods in Washington County, Oregon, a rapidly growing county adjacent to the city of Portland. I focus on small-scale agricultural landscapes where the producer sells at farmers markets or through community supported agriculture (CSAs). I explore farmers' concerns about urbanization and farmland preservation, their relationship to urban markets, motives to become a farmer, engagement with the surrounding environment, and their difficulties participating in local food networks. In addition, I explore farmers market managers' insights into the development of local food networks and how they see their markets supporting small-scale farmers. In a survey of consumers I examine consumer motives to `buy local' and consumer concerns about farmland preservation. The research is qualitative and explores: 1) the processes shaping the development of local food networks; 2) how particular ideas and images of nature and the countryside inform both consumer desires to purchase from farmers selling locally and; 3) how those same images of nature and the countryside inform and motivate people to become farmers participating in local food networks. In so doing, I argue that the networks that sustain urban and rural systems are important in understanding the development of local food networks, and that the preservation of economically and culturally important agricultural lands in Washington County depends on a diversity of opinions and rural narratives in order to preserve small-scale sustainable farmlands close-in to cities. The conclusion is that local food sold through alternative venues can be used as a means to preserve and develop specific and manageable farm sites and agricultural land uses but the impact is limited. Large scale impacts on agricultural land uses and livelihoods will depend on planners and advocates agreeing on policies that encompass a diversity of opinions, land uses, and land managers, while understanding the array of networks beyond the city that sustain both urban and rural systems. Title: Local food and land-use in Washington County, Oregon Author: Cousins, Joshua James Year: 2010 Local food networks are often defined as presenting a variety of alternative food production, consumption, and distribution practices to the conventional food system such as community-supported-agriculture, farmers markets, and community gardens. Local food initiatives are commonly proposed as a model for the future of sustainable agriculture, and in the region of Portland, Oregon the abundance of such alternative venues results from the area's natural surroundings and smart planning. The region is host to 39 farmers markets and Portland is often hailed as one of the country's most sustainable cities. This study examines the role of local food networks in preserving agricultural land uses and livelihoods in Washington County, Oregon, a rapidly growing county adjacent to the city of Portland. I focus on small-scale agricultural landscapes where the producer sells at farmers markets or through community supported agriculture (CSAs). I explore farmers' concerns about urbanization and farmland preservation, their relationship to urban markets, motives to become a farmer, engagement with the surrounding environment, and their difficulties participating in local food networks. In addition, I explore farmers market managers' insights into the development of local food networks and how they see their markets supporting small-scale farmers. In a survey of consumers I examine consumer motives to `buy local' and consumer concerns about farmland preservation. The research is qualitative and explores: 1) the processes shaping the development of local food networks; 2) how particular ideas and images of nature and the countryside inform both consumer desires to purchase from farmers selling locally and; 3) how those same images of nature and the countryside inform and motivate people to become farmers participating in local food networks. In so doing, I argue that the networks that sustain urban and rural systems are important in understanding the development of local food networks, and that the preservation of economically and culturally important agricultural lands in Washington County depends on a diversity of opinions and rural narratives in order to preserve small-scale sustainable farmlands close-in to cities. The conclusion is that local food sold through alternative venues can be used as a means to preserve and develop specific and manageable farm sites and agricultural land uses but the impact is limited. Large scale impacts on agricultural land uses and livelihoods will depend on planners and advocates agreeing on policies that encompass a diversity of opinions, land uses, and land managers, while understanding the array of networks beyond the city that sustain both urban and rural systems. Close

• 47. [Article] Creating Community Through Urban Gardens

  "Creating Community Through Urban Gardening" represents the commitment of four individuals to assist the Oregon Food Bank (OFB) in its efforts to meet the food needs of the people of Oregon. The project ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Creating Community Through Urban Gardens Author: Gratchner, Jay, Hartnett, Susan, Kroll, Susan, Nicholson, Laurie Year: 1994 "Creating Community Through Urban Gardening" represents the commitment of four individuals to assist the Oregon Food Bank (OFB) in its efforts to meet the food needs of the people of Oregon. The project was specifically designed to assist OFB in achieving its strategic goals which seek to "triple the amount of quality food acquired and made available to disadvantaged people" and to "impact the conditions underlying hunger and to promote the empowerment of disadvantaged people to achieve economic independence." The work of the project explored strategies for an urban gardening program that could be implemented by OFB. This report is intended to provide OFB and its Board of Directors an overview of urban gardening options, to outline three possible implementation alternatives and to make recommendations about further action. The report examines challenges and opportunities offered by each alternative, paying closer attention to its ability to impact the conditions underlying hunger than to the quantity of food produced. This approach is based on the ethic of providing a hand up for those in need of food. This project's long term goal is to contribute not only to the nutritional needs of disadvantaged people, but to improve their self-esteem and economic condition as well. The report also reviews other issues related to any gardening or fanning effort OFB may choose to undertake. Specific attention was given to identifying any regulations that might need to be considered in selecting an alternative to implement: Issues related to operation and production of any undertaking are presented in broad terms. The intent is to provide a starting point for good decision making and not to present a blueprint for a specific alternative. The report includes three recommendations: Determine if the Local Member Agencies (LMAs) and clients desire (more) fresh produce and that the LMAs can store and distribute it. Establish priorities for OFB's strategic goals and objectives that relate to increasing the quantity of food available and addressing the conditions underlying hunger. Concentrate OFB resources to maximize the effectiveness of the chosen option(s) to achieve its strategic plan goals and objectives. These recommendations are included to encourage OFB to make careful and rational choices from the objectives proposed in its strategic plan. Title: Creating Community Through Urban Gardens Author: Gratchner, Jay, Hartnett, Susan, Kroll, Susan, Nicholson, Laurie Year: 1994 "Creating Community Through Urban Gardening" represents the commitment of four individuals to assist the Oregon Food Bank (OFB) in its efforts to meet the food needs of the people of Oregon. The project was specifically designed to assist OFB in achieving its strategic goals which seek to "triple the amount of quality food acquired and made available to disadvantaged people" and to "impact the conditions underlying hunger and to promote the empowerment of disadvantaged people to achieve economic independence." The work of the project explored strategies for an urban gardening program that could be implemented by OFB. This report is intended to provide OFB and its Board of Directors an overview of urban gardening options, to outline three possible implementation alternatives and to make recommendations about further action. The report examines challenges and opportunities offered by each alternative, paying closer attention to its ability to impact the conditions underlying hunger than to the quantity of food produced. This approach is based on the ethic of providing a hand up for those in need of food. This project's long term goal is to contribute not only to the nutritional needs of disadvantaged people, but to improve their self-esteem and economic condition as well. The report also reviews other issues related to any gardening or fanning effort OFB may choose to undertake. Specific attention was given to identifying any regulations that might need to be considered in selecting an alternative to implement: Issues related to operation and production of any undertaking are presented in broad terms. The intent is to provide a starting point for good decision making and not to present a blueprint for a specific alternative. The report includes three recommendations: Determine if the Local Member Agencies (LMAs) and clients desire (more) fresh produce and that the LMAs can store and distribute it. Establish priorities for OFB's strategic goals and objectives that relate to increasing the quantity of food available and addressing the conditions underlying hunger. Concentrate OFB resources to maximize the effectiveness of the chosen option(s) to achieve its strategic plan goals and objectives. These recommendations are included to encourage OFB to make careful and rational choices from the objectives proposed in its strategic plan. Close

• 48. [Article] The Multicultural Family Learning Gardens at the Learning Gardens Laboratory: An Investigation of Community Collaboration

  This project explores the role of the small-scale polyculture garden in promoting a resilient community, its importance in helping meet nutritional and medicinal needs, and its role as a site for civic ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The Multicultural Family Learning Gardens at the Learning Gardens Laboratory: An Investigation of Community Collaboration Author: Morris, Madelyn Mickelberry Year: 2010 This project explores the role of the small-scale polyculture garden in promoting a resilient community, its importance in helping meet nutritional and medicinal needs, and its role as a site for civic and place-based transformative development. The pedagogical principles of sustainability education address the importance of ecological systems, biocultural diversity, social & economic justice, and multicultural perspectives. Framing the garden as a sustainable solution, I will address the need for vibrant local food networks, particularly in low-income areas; social, ecological, and community resilience; opportunities for ecological education; and increased meaningful opportunities for civic engagement. Using a conceptual framework of the garden's social and cultural relevance, commitment to valuing multicultural perspectives, and emphasis upon the validation of the subaltern cultural experience (as opposed to the dominant hegemonic cultural experience), this paper tells the story of my work developing the 2010 Multicultural Family Learning Gardens at the Learning Gardens Laboratory in Portland, Oregon. The Multicultural Family Learning Gardens provides diverse families from the Lane Middle School community with free space to garden at the Learning Gardens Laboratory (LGL), located in the Brentwood-Darlington neighborhood of Southeast Portland, Oregon. Free seeds, seedlings, and access to tools and other resources on site are provided. Participating families receive support to help them achieve success in vegetable gardening, and some are paired with experienced Garden Mentors-volunteers drawn from the Oregon State University (OSU) Extension Master Gardener program who assist them throughout the season. Additionally, Portland State University (PSU) students assemble educational gardening materials and resources for families to use and provide volunteer coordination for the project. As project coordinator, I recruit families and support family involvement; develop guidelines and other deliverables; plan, design, and develop the gardens; recruit volunteers and coordinate their efforts; facilitate collaboration of various groups; act as a resource during drop-in gardening times for families; and serve as a contact person and source of information and support for everyone involved in the project. Through describing the process of developing this project at LGL and including details on the experiences of participants, I hope to provide a useful framework that enables continuation and evolution of this project. The insights gained will likely support similar projects across the country, given the growing interest in garden-based projects and issues related to food insecurity, hunger, and health that affect low-income and non-white populations. Title: The Multicultural Family Learning Gardens at the Learning Gardens Laboratory: An Investigation of Community Collaboration Author: Morris, Madelyn Mickelberry Year: 2010 This project explores the role of the small-scale polyculture garden in promoting a resilient community, its importance in helping meet nutritional and medicinal needs, and its role as a site for civic and place-based transformative development. The pedagogical principles of sustainability education address the importance of ecological systems, biocultural diversity, social & economic justice, and multicultural perspectives. Framing the garden as a sustainable solution, I will address the need for vibrant local food networks, particularly in low-income areas; social, ecological, and community resilience; opportunities for ecological education; and increased meaningful opportunities for civic engagement. Using a conceptual framework of the garden's social and cultural relevance, commitment to valuing multicultural perspectives, and emphasis upon the validation of the subaltern cultural experience (as opposed to the dominant hegemonic cultural experience), this paper tells the story of my work developing the 2010 Multicultural Family Learning Gardens at the Learning Gardens Laboratory in Portland, Oregon. The Multicultural Family Learning Gardens provides diverse families from the Lane Middle School community with free space to garden at the Learning Gardens Laboratory (LGL), located in the Brentwood-Darlington neighborhood of Southeast Portland, Oregon. Free seeds, seedlings, and access to tools and other resources on site are provided. Participating families receive support to help them achieve success in vegetable gardening, and some are paired with experienced Garden Mentors-volunteers drawn from the Oregon State University (OSU) Extension Master Gardener program who assist them throughout the season. Additionally, Portland State University (PSU) students assemble educational gardening materials and resources for families to use and provide volunteer coordination for the project. As project coordinator, I recruit families and support family involvement; develop guidelines and other deliverables; plan, design, and develop the gardens; recruit volunteers and coordinate their efforts; facilitate collaboration of various groups; act as a resource during drop-in gardening times for families; and serve as a contact person and source of information and support for everyone involved in the project. Through describing the process of developing this project at LGL and including details on the experiences of participants, I hope to provide a useful framework that enables continuation and evolution of this project. The insights gained will likely support similar projects across the country, given the growing interest in garden-based projects and issues related to food insecurity, hunger, and health that affect low-income and non-white populations. Close

• 49. [Article] Where the Ends Don’t Meet: Measuring Poverty and Self-Sufficiency Among Oregon’s Families

  This report uses the Self-Sufficiency Standard developed by Dr. Diana Pearce at the University of Washington to analyze the extent to which Oregon households earn enough money to meet their basic needs ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Where the Ends Don’t Meet: Measuring Poverty and Self-Sufficiency Among Oregon’s Families Author: Rowe, Melissa, Martin, Sheila A, Gu, Danan, Sprague, Webb Year: 2010 This report uses the Self-Sufficiency Standard developed by Dr. Diana Pearce at the University of Washington to analyze the extent to which Oregon households earn enough money to meet their basic needs without a public subsidy. This standard, a vast improvement on the federal poverty level, accounts for differences in the cost of living based on family structure, age of children, and county of residence. Dr. Pearce has defined the income required to meet basic needs for every county in Oregon and a number of household types. A large number of Oregon households not considered poor by the federal poverty level nevertheless do not earn enough income to meet their basic needs. In this report, we use census data to sort households into those that meet versus those that don’t meet the Self-Sufficiency Standard and describe how basic socioeconomic factors such as family structure and householder sex, race/ethnicity, education, and work affect the extent to which households earn enough to make ends meet. Title: Where the Ends Don’t Meet: Measuring Poverty and Self-Sufficiency Among Oregon’s Families Author: Rowe, Melissa, Martin, Sheila A, Gu, Danan, Sprague, Webb Year: 2010 This report uses the Self-Sufficiency Standard developed by Dr. Diana Pearce at the University of Washington to analyze the extent to which Oregon households earn enough money to meet their basic needs without a public subsidy. This standard, a vast improvement on the federal poverty level, accounts for differences in the cost of living based on family structure, age of children, and county of residence. Dr. Pearce has defined the income required to meet basic needs for every county in Oregon and a number of household types. A large number of Oregon households not considered poor by the federal poverty level nevertheless do not earn enough income to meet their basic needs. In this report, we use census data to sort households into those that meet versus those that don’t meet the Self-Sufficiency Standard and describe how basic socioeconomic factors such as family structure and householder sex, race/ethnicity, education, and work affect the extent to which households earn enough to make ends meet. Close

• 50. [Article] Historical Vegetation of Central Southwest Oregon, Based on GLO Survey Notes : Final Report to USDI Bureau of Land Management, Medford District

  Historical vegetation at the time of European settlement is of great interest to both the public and land managers, but is poorly documented. One source of data are the earliest land survey records of ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Historical Vegetation of Central Southwest Oregon, Based on GLO Survey Notes : Final Report to USDI Bureau of Land Management, Medford District Author: Hickman, O. Eugene, Christy, John A. Year: 2011 Historical vegetation at the time of European settlement is of great interest to both the public and land managers, but is poorly documented. One source of data are the earliest land survey records of the General Land Office (GLO). Rectangular township surveys in Southwest Oregon were initiated in the mid 1850’s as settlers began to claim homesteads in the Bear Creek Valley surrounding what is now Medford. We examined GLO land survey field notes and plats (maps) accompanying the surveys, transcribed GLO landscape data into an Access database, and classified the data set into very general vegetation types for mapping. About 89 vegetation types (subclasses) were described for mapping historic vegetation, distinguished by major differences in plant composition and topographic features. Tree density was estimated from section line descriptions and witness tree spacing at corners, and was used to classify stands into tree classes. These types then were combined into broad “Vegetation Classes” for mapping (i.e. savanna, shrubland, forest, prairie). Classifying and mapping historical vegetation occurred on about 418,500 acres in an earlier OSU study, and about 720,700 acres in this BLM study, located in Jackson and Josephine Counties. The authors merged results from these adjacent GLO studies, expanding the coverage to approximately 1.14 million acres (49 townships). Modern soil surveys of the study area helped the authors interpret GLO data and draw vegetation boundaries. About 44% of the landscape was closed upland forest, 41% woodland, 1.4% riparian forest, 2% oak or conifer savanna, 1% shrublands, and 11% bottomland meadow or upland prairie. Forest types ranged from moist, mixed conifer uplands to dry valley ponderosa pine-hardwood grassland. Large areas of prairie and mixed oak-conifer woodland dominated many low elevation locations on plains, foothills, and especially clayey terraces or southern slopes near what is now Medford. Nearly 115 plant species or plant groups were identified by the surveyors, mostly trees and shrubs. Some were misidentified and not easily interpreted by the authors when archaic names were used by the surveyors. Grazing quality was frequently noted as surveyors attempted to describe land productivity for livestock. Historic baseline plant data is presented for broad landscape transects and sometimes by topographic positions, but is limited by the sketchy nature of the original surveyor notes. Nearly 350 homestead parcels of various sizes were claimed in the study, as identified in GLO survey notes and on Donation Land Claim maps, showing how quickly settlement occurred in the study area after gold was discovered in 1851. Most early homesteads included prairie or oak savanna, which was open and more easily converted to farmland or pasture. Early saw mills, grist mills, fields, roads, water diversions and major Indian trails were also identified and transcribed from the GLO records. Title: Historical Vegetation of Central Southwest Oregon, Based on GLO Survey Notes : Final Report to USDI Bureau of Land Management, Medford District Author: Hickman, O. Eugene, Christy, John A. Year: 2011 Historical vegetation at the time of European settlement is of great interest to both the public and land managers, but is poorly documented. One source of data are the earliest land survey records of the General Land Office (GLO). Rectangular township surveys in Southwest Oregon were initiated in the mid 1850’s as settlers began to claim homesteads in the Bear Creek Valley surrounding what is now Medford. We examined GLO land survey field notes and plats (maps) accompanying the surveys, transcribed GLO landscape data into an Access database, and classified the data set into very general vegetation types for mapping. About 89 vegetation types (subclasses) were described for mapping historic vegetation, distinguished by major differences in plant composition and topographic features. Tree density was estimated from section line descriptions and witness tree spacing at corners, and was used to classify stands into tree classes. These types then were combined into broad “Vegetation Classes” for mapping (i.e. savanna, shrubland, forest, prairie). Classifying and mapping historical vegetation occurred on about 418,500 acres in an earlier OSU study, and about 720,700 acres in this BLM study, located in Jackson and Josephine Counties. The authors merged results from these adjacent GLO studies, expanding the coverage to approximately 1.14 million acres (49 townships). Modern soil surveys of the study area helped the authors interpret GLO data and draw vegetation boundaries. About 44% of the landscape was closed upland forest, 41% woodland, 1.4% riparian forest, 2% oak or conifer savanna, 1% shrublands, and 11% bottomland meadow or upland prairie. Forest types ranged from moist, mixed conifer uplands to dry valley ponderosa pine-hardwood grassland. Large areas of prairie and mixed oak-conifer woodland dominated many low elevation locations on plains, foothills, and especially clayey terraces or southern slopes near what is now Medford. Nearly 115 plant species or plant groups were identified by the surveyors, mostly trees and shrubs. Some were misidentified and not easily interpreted by the authors when archaic names were used by the surveyors. Grazing quality was frequently noted as surveyors attempted to describe land productivity for livestock. Historic baseline plant data is presented for broad landscape transects and sometimes by topographic positions, but is limited by the sketchy nature of the original surveyor notes. Nearly 350 homestead parcels of various sizes were claimed in the study, as identified in GLO survey notes and on Donation Land Claim maps, showing how quickly settlement occurred in the study area after gold was discovered in 1851. Most early homesteads included prairie or oak savanna, which was open and more easily converted to farmland or pasture. Early saw mills, grist mills, fields, roads, water diversions and major Indian trails were also identified and transcribed from the GLO records. Close