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• 1. [Article] The Native American Community in Multnomah County: An Unsettling Profile

  This report is the result of three years of work of true partnership between the Native American community, the Coalition of Communities of Color and Portland State University. The Portland Indian Leaders’ ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The Native American Community in Multnomah County: An Unsettling Profile Author: Curry-Stevens, Ann, Cross-Hemmer, Amanda, Coalition of Communities of Color Year: 2011 This report is the result of three years of work of true partnership between the Native American community, the Coalition of Communities of Color and Portland State University. The Portland Indian Leaders’ Roundtable, an alliance of 28 local Native American organizations, tribal organizations and Native focused programs within larger institutions, took a lead role in the implementation of the Native American research. Elders of the community reviewed the work and provided invaluable knowledge and historical context. Our main priority is to advocate for policy decisions that improve outcomes for the Native American community. We hold institutional reform and the formation of a powerful racial equity advocacy coalition as central to improving outcomes. This report builds an important knowledge base from which to advocate and to educate. Educating our community and the community at large about the Native American community is crucial to achieving racial equity. Title: The Native American Community in Multnomah County: An Unsettling Profile Author: Curry-Stevens, Ann, Cross-Hemmer, Amanda, Coalition of Communities of Color Year: 2011 This report is the result of three years of work of true partnership between the Native American community, the Coalition of Communities of Color and Portland State University. The Portland Indian Leaders’ Roundtable, an alliance of 28 local Native American organizations, tribal organizations and Native focused programs within larger institutions, took a lead role in the implementation of the Native American research. Elders of the community reviewed the work and provided invaluable knowledge and historical context. Our main priority is to advocate for policy decisions that improve outcomes for the Native American community. We hold institutional reform and the formation of a powerful racial equity advocacy coalition as central to improving outcomes. This report builds an important knowledge base from which to advocate and to educate. Educating our community and the community at large about the Native American community is crucial to achieving racial equity. Close

• 2. [Article] Music and Acculturation: Using Culture-focused Music Therapy to Address the Adverse Effects of Acculturative Stress

  More than any other demographic in the United States, Native American populations experience the highest rate of suicide proportional to population size. This is just one of numerous statistics indicative ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Music and Acculturation: Using Culture-focused Music Therapy to Address the Adverse Effects of Acculturative Stress Author: Arnold, Christopher A. Year: 2014 More than any other demographic in the United States, Native American populations experience the highest rate of suicide proportional to population size. This is just one of numerous statistics indicative of the overall status of Native American psychological health. There has been increasing research demonstrating that Native American suicide rate and depression is positively associated with acculturative stress, and negatively associated with traditional heritage cultural integration. Because an increased amount of acculturative stress for Native Americans is correlated with high suicide rate and occurrence of depression, while increased traditional culture integration may be linked to lower suicide rate and occurrence of depression, psychological intervention programs designed for Native Americans could benefit from exploring methods of decreasing acculturative stress while increasing heritage culture retention and exposure. Among the most central aspects of traditional Native American culture (and most cultures throughout human history) is the meaningful inclusion of music. Because music is a construct so intrinsic to the historical human experience, research has shown music as a form of therapy to be a vastly effective means of intervention for a wide variety of psychological issues. Combining the concept of traditional culture retention and exposure together with the construct of music therapy is an effective means of combating acculturative stress for Native American populations. The implementation of this "culture-focused music therapy program" would reduce acculturative stress by increasing and enriching traditional heritage culture identity for Native American individuals under psychological distress, thereby leading to an increase in overall psychological welfare. Title: Music and Acculturation: Using Culture-focused Music Therapy to Address the Adverse Effects of Acculturative Stress Author: Arnold, Christopher A. Year: 2014 More than any other demographic in the United States, Native American populations experience the highest rate of suicide proportional to population size. This is just one of numerous statistics indicative of the overall status of Native American psychological health. There has been increasing research demonstrating that Native American suicide rate and depression is positively associated with acculturative stress, and negatively associated with traditional heritage cultural integration. Because an increased amount of acculturative stress for Native Americans is correlated with high suicide rate and occurrence of depression, while increased traditional culture integration may be linked to lower suicide rate and occurrence of depression, psychological intervention programs designed for Native Americans could benefit from exploring methods of decreasing acculturative stress while increasing heritage culture retention and exposure. Among the most central aspects of traditional Native American culture (and most cultures throughout human history) is the meaningful inclusion of music. Because music is a construct so intrinsic to the historical human experience, research has shown music as a form of therapy to be a vastly effective means of intervention for a wide variety of psychological issues. Combining the concept of traditional culture retention and exposure together with the construct of music therapy is an effective means of combating acculturative stress for Native American populations. The implementation of this "culture-focused music therapy program" would reduce acculturative stress by increasing and enriching traditional heritage culture identity for Native American individuals under psychological distress, thereby leading to an increase in overall psychological welfare. Close

• 3. [Article] Seeking Sustainability and Affordability: Native American Housing in SE Portland

  The Native American Youth and Family Center (NAYA) is working to create tryky affordable housing for the Native American community in Portland. Using an innovative stacked modular construction technology, ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Seeking Sustainability and Affordability: Native American Housing in SE Portland Author: Gibson, Leah Year: 2013 The Native American Youth and Family Center (NAYA) is working to create tryky affordable housing for the Native American community in Portland. Using an innovative stacked modular construction technology, Rey Espana of NAYA and Stuart Emmons of SERA Architects are creating sustainable and affordable housing that both respects tradition and is a model for the future. Title: Seeking Sustainability and Affordability: Native American Housing in SE Portland Author: Gibson, Leah Year: 2013 The Native American Youth and Family Center (NAYA) is working to create tryky affordable housing for the Native American community in Portland. Using an innovative stacked modular construction technology, Rey Espana of NAYA and Stuart Emmons of SERA Architects are creating sustainable and affordable housing that both respects tradition and is a model for the future. Close

• 4. [Article] Early Inspirations: an Interview with Nichole Maher

  An interview with Nichole Maher, current director of the Native American Youth & Family Center, and future president and CEO of the Northwest Health Foundation, by Leah Gibson. She discusses her childhood ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Early Inspirations: an Interview with Nichole Maher Author: Gibson, Leah Year: 2012 An interview with Nichole Maher, current director of the Native American Youth & Family Center, and future president and CEO of the Northwest Health Foundation, by Leah Gibson. She discusses her childhood in rural Alaska, people who have inspired her along he way, and her work to strengthen the Native American community in Portland and the region. Title: Early Inspirations: an Interview with Nichole Maher Author: Gibson, Leah Year: 2012 An interview with Nichole Maher, current director of the Native American Youth & Family Center, and future president and CEO of the Northwest Health Foundation, by Leah Gibson. She discusses her childhood in rural Alaska, people who have inspired her along he way, and her work to strengthen the Native American community in Portland and the region. Close

• 5. [Article] Heritage and Health: A Political-Economic Analysis of the Foodways of the Paiute Indian Tribe of Utah and the Bishop Paiute Tribe

  Funded by Nellis Air Force Base (NAFB), my thesis research and analysis examined Native American knowledge of heritage foods and how diminished access to food resources has affected Native American identity ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Heritage and Health: A Political-Economic Analysis of the Foodways of the Paiute Indian Tribe of Utah and the Bishop Paiute Tribe Author: Eagan, April Hurst Year: 2013 Funded by Nellis Air Force Base (NAFB), my thesis research and analysis examined Native American knowledge of heritage foods and how diminished access to food resources has affected Native American identity and health. NAFB manages the Nevada Test and Training Range (NTTR), land and air space in southern Nevada, which includes Native American ancestral lands. During a research period of 3 months in the spring/summer of 2012, I interviewed members of Native American nations culturally affiliated with ancestral lands on the NTTR, the Paiute Indian Tribe of Utah (PITU) and the Bishop Paiute Tribe. My research included participant observation and 31 interviews with tribal members considered knowledge holders by tribal leaders. In dialogue with the literature of the anthropology of food, political economy, and Critical Medical Anthropology, my analysis focused on the role of heritage foods in everyday consumption, taking into account the economic, social, environmental, and political factors influencing heritage foods access and diet. My work explored the effects of structural forces and rapid changes in diet and social conditions on Native American health. I found shifts in concepts of food-related identity across ethnic groups, tribes, ages, and genders. I also found evidence of collective efforts to improve diet-related health at tribal and community levels. Through the applied aspects of my research, participants and their families had the opportunity to share recipes and food dishes containing heritage foods as a way to promote human health and knowledge transmission. Title: Heritage and Health: A Political-Economic Analysis of the Foodways of the Paiute Indian Tribe of Utah and the Bishop Paiute Tribe Author: Eagan, April Hurst Year: 2013 Funded by Nellis Air Force Base (NAFB), my thesis research and analysis examined Native American knowledge of heritage foods and how diminished access to food resources has affected Native American identity and health. NAFB manages the Nevada Test and Training Range (NTTR), land and air space in southern Nevada, which includes Native American ancestral lands. During a research period of 3 months in the spring/summer of 2012, I interviewed members of Native American nations culturally affiliated with ancestral lands on the NTTR, the Paiute Indian Tribe of Utah (PITU) and the Bishop Paiute Tribe. My research included participant observation and 31 interviews with tribal members considered knowledge holders by tribal leaders. In dialogue with the literature of the anthropology of food, political economy, and Critical Medical Anthropology, my analysis focused on the role of heritage foods in everyday consumption, taking into account the economic, social, environmental, and political factors influencing heritage foods access and diet. My work explored the effects of structural forces and rapid changes in diet and social conditions on Native American health. I found shifts in concepts of food-related identity across ethnic groups, tribes, ages, and genders. I also found evidence of collective efforts to improve diet-related health at tribal and community levels. Through the applied aspects of my research, participants and their families had the opportunity to share recipes and food dishes containing heritage foods as a way to promote human health and knowledge transmission. Close

• 6. [Article] Narratives of Native American Women and Tribal Courts: the Framing of the <i>Violence Against Women Act of 2013</i> in Mainstream, Native American, and Tribal Press Coverage

  The Violence Against Women Act is a legislation created to expand more legal rights and services to survivors of domestic violence or intimate partner violence. Frame analysis was used to examine the coverage ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Narratives of Native American Women and Tribal Courts: the Framing of the <i>Violence Against Women Act of 2013</i> in Mainstream, Native American, and Tribal Press Coverage Author: Sangster, Alesha Marie Year: 2016 The Violence Against Women Act is a legislation created to expand more legal rights and services to survivors of domestic violence or intimate partner violence. Frame analysis was used to examine the coverage of the Violence Against Women Act of 2013 in three genres of press media: mainstream press, Native American press, and tribal press. Based on the media frames produced in the three media genres, the legislation was presented as more of a conflicting or controversial issue in mainstream press through the use of the conflict frame and the "Indian as other" frame. But all news coverage also presented two emergent frames--the tribal sovereignty frame and the women's rights frame--that explained the importance of expanding tribal sovereignty in order to protect Native American women on reservations. The news coverage of VAWA 2013 in all press genres also included perspectives from federal and state governmental sources as well as perspectives from tribal governments, Native American organizations, and social service agencies. This report concludes by discussing the implications of the media frames and occupational source use in terms of the three media genres. Title: Narratives of Native American Women and Tribal Courts: the Framing of the <i>Violence Against Women Act of 2013</i> in Mainstream, Native American, and Tribal Press Coverage Author: Sangster, Alesha Marie Year: 2016 The Violence Against Women Act is a legislation created to expand more legal rights and services to survivors of domestic violence or intimate partner violence. Frame analysis was used to examine the coverage of the Violence Against Women Act of 2013 in three genres of press media: mainstream press, Native American press, and tribal press. Based on the media frames produced in the three media genres, the legislation was presented as more of a conflicting or controversial issue in mainstream press through the use of the conflict frame and the "Indian as other" frame. But all news coverage also presented two emergent frames--the tribal sovereignty frame and the women's rights frame--that explained the importance of expanding tribal sovereignty in order to protect Native American women on reservations. The news coverage of VAWA 2013 in all press genres also included perspectives from federal and state governmental sources as well as perspectives from tribal governments, Native American organizations, and social service agencies. This report concludes by discussing the implications of the media frames and occupational source use in terms of the three media genres. Close

• 7. [Article] Native American Social Work Symposium : an evaluation

  The inconsistencies of the state and federal policy toward Native populations and additionally those inconsistencies within the two governments themselves, require the maintenance of Indian and Alaskan ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Native American Social Work Symposium : an evaluation Author: Stone, Lou Year: 1978 The inconsistencies of the state and federal policy toward Native populations and additionally those inconsistencies within the two governments themselves, require the maintenance of Indian and Alaskan Native organizations with sophisticated mechanisms developed to advocate “reforms” in Indian services to meet unique Indian needs. Indian and Alaskan Native social workers invariably find themselves at the confluence of client service provision and surviving the extension of policies available to them from resource allocators for the purpose of service provision. In order to approach this dilemma, the Native American Social Work Symposium, held in May of 1977, convened on the basis of three purposes: To provide a conferencing situation with Indian and Alaskan Native social workers and non-Indian social workers who primarily provide social welfare services to Indians, to address specific problems involving the provision of social welfare services, and to present a series of concurrent workshops to provide specific training curriculum pertaining to Native social service concerns. Title: Native American Social Work Symposium : an evaluation Author: Stone, Lou Year: 1978 The inconsistencies of the state and federal policy toward Native populations and additionally those inconsistencies within the two governments themselves, require the maintenance of Indian and Alaskan Native organizations with sophisticated mechanisms developed to advocate “reforms” in Indian services to meet unique Indian needs. Indian and Alaskan Native social workers invariably find themselves at the confluence of client service provision and surviving the extension of policies available to them from resource allocators for the purpose of service provision. In order to approach this dilemma, the Native American Social Work Symposium, held in May of 1977, convened on the basis of three purposes: To provide a conferencing situation with Indian and Alaskan Native social workers and non-Indian social workers who primarily provide social welfare services to Indians, to address specific problems involving the provision of social welfare services, and to present a series of concurrent workshops to provide specific training curriculum pertaining to Native social service concerns. Close

• 8. [Article] Stressful Life Events : a Comparative Study of Native American and Urban Samples

  The subject of this paper is an extension of the work done Holmes and Rahe on the development of the Social Readjustment Rating Scale or SRRS and of the study, “Individual Perception of Stressful Life ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Stressful Life Events : a Comparative Study of Native American and Urban Samples Author: Ketcher, Sandra Year: 1979 The subject of this paper is an extension of the work done Holmes and Rahe on the development of the Social Readjustment Rating Scale or SRRS and of the study, “Individual Perception of Stressful Life Events: A Comparison of Native Americans, Rural, and Urban Samples,” conducted by Dr. Liberman and Joel Frank. This study will compare those two samples with a sample of a selected Pacific Northwest Indian tribe served by an Indian Health Service facility. “The Stressful Life Events: A Comparative Study of Native American and Urban Samples” study is a singular component of a total effort on the part the Indian Health Service, Portland Area Office, to assess the probability and severity of functional impairment of the Indian people living on the Yakima Indian Reservation in the State of Washington, with the additional intent of facilitating planning and allocation. Title: Stressful Life Events : a Comparative Study of Native American and Urban Samples Author: Ketcher, Sandra Year: 1979 The subject of this paper is an extension of the work done Holmes and Rahe on the development of the Social Readjustment Rating Scale or SRRS and of the study, “Individual Perception of Stressful Life Events: A Comparison of Native Americans, Rural, and Urban Samples,” conducted by Dr. Liberman and Joel Frank. This study will compare those two samples with a sample of a selected Pacific Northwest Indian tribe served by an Indian Health Service facility. “The Stressful Life Events: A Comparative Study of Native American and Urban Samples” study is a singular component of a total effort on the part the Indian Health Service, Portland Area Office, to assess the probability and severity of functional impairment of the Indian people living on the Yakima Indian Reservation in the State of Washington, with the additional intent of facilitating planning and allocation. Close

• 9. [Article] Multiple Reoccupations after Four Paleotsunami Inundations (0.3–1.3 ka) at a Prehistoric Site in the Netarts Littoral Cell, Northern Oregon Coast, USA

  Netarts Bay is the setting of one of the largest concentrations of late prehistoric Native American settlements on the tectonically active Oregon coast. A prehistoric site (35TI74) exposed by sea cliff ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Multiple Reoccupations after Four Paleotsunami Inundations (0.3–1.3 ka) at a Prehistoric Site in the Netarts Littoral Cell, Northern Oregon Coast, USA Author: Minor, Rick, Peterson, Curt D. Year: 2017 Netarts Bay is the setting of one of the largest concentrations of late prehistoric Native American settlements on the tectonically active Oregon coast. A prehistoric site (35TI74) exposed by sea cliff erosion in 1998 at the south end of the Netarts littoral cell contained a stratigraphic record of activity by prehistoric Native Americans and interbedded paleotsunami deposits. The nearfield paleotsunamis were produced by great Cascadia earthquakes (Mw8.5 ± 0.5) emanating from the Cascadia Subduction Zone offshore, as previously documented in episodically buried tidal marsh surfaces at the south end of Netarts Bay and in many other estuaries in the region. The cultural deposits at 35TI74 reflect multiple reoccupations by Native Americans at this barrage creek flood plain site between paleotsunami runup events (≥7.5 m elevation) at 1.3 ka, 1.1 ka, 0.8–0.9 ka, and 0.3 ka. The conditions that led to the exposure of 35TI74 are traced to erosion of a protective beach dune ramp at the south end of the Netarts littoral cell, placing the site within reach of progressive storm-surf erosion. The diminishing geoarchaeological record at 35TI74 represents a microcosm of the sea cliff erosional processes that threaten vulnerable prehistoric shoreline archaeological sites along much of the Pacific Northwest Coast. Copyright © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Title: Multiple Reoccupations after Four Paleotsunami Inundations (0.3–1.3 ka) at a Prehistoric Site in the Netarts Littoral Cell, Northern Oregon Coast, USA Author: Minor, Rick, Peterson, Curt D. Year: 2017 Netarts Bay is the setting of one of the largest concentrations of late prehistoric Native American settlements on the tectonically active Oregon coast. A prehistoric site (35TI74) exposed by sea cliff erosion in 1998 at the south end of the Netarts littoral cell contained a stratigraphic record of activity by prehistoric Native Americans and interbedded paleotsunami deposits. The nearfield paleotsunamis were produced by great Cascadia earthquakes (Mw8.5 ± 0.5) emanating from the Cascadia Subduction Zone offshore, as previously documented in episodically buried tidal marsh surfaces at the south end of Netarts Bay and in many other estuaries in the region. The cultural deposits at 35TI74 reflect multiple reoccupations by Native Americans at this barrage creek flood plain site between paleotsunami runup events (≥7.5 m elevation) at 1.3 ka, 1.1 ka, 0.8–0.9 ka, and 0.3 ka. The conditions that led to the exposure of 35TI74 are traced to erosion of a protective beach dune ramp at the south end of the Netarts littoral cell, placing the site within reach of progressive storm-surf erosion. The diminishing geoarchaeological record at 35TI74 represents a microcosm of the sea cliff erosional processes that threaten vulnerable prehistoric shoreline archaeological sites along much of the Pacific Northwest Coast. Copyright © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Close

• 10. [Article] Rebuilding the Dream: Strategies for LIHNAPO's Future

  Community development is difficult, yet rewarding work. Success is dependent on focused activities, organizational capacity, availability of funding and technical assistance, leadership capability and ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Rebuilding the Dream: Strategies for LIHNAPO's Future Author: Anderson, Marie, Gray, Joddie, Ruark, Ramona, Strickland, Tracy, Walhood, Mark Year: 1997 Community development is difficult, yet rewarding work. Success is dependent on focused activities, organizational capacity, availability of funding and technical assistance, leadership capability and community support. Low Income Housing for Native Americans of Portland, Oregon (LIHNAPO) was created in 1993 in response to the urgent need for affordable housing for Native Americans in Portland. LIHNAPO is young, working to establish itself as a viable organization. To make this transition, LIHNAPO must carry out a strategic planning process. As a step in that direction, Organizing Resources for Community Action (ORCA) has created this document to help LIHNAPO identify the course for the organization and strategies that will best meet the needs of the urban Indian community. This project was conducted under the supervision of Deborah Howe and Connie Ozawa. Title: Rebuilding the Dream: Strategies for LIHNAPO's Future Author: Anderson, Marie, Gray, Joddie, Ruark, Ramona, Strickland, Tracy, Walhood, Mark Year: 1997 Community development is difficult, yet rewarding work. Success is dependent on focused activities, organizational capacity, availability of funding and technical assistance, leadership capability and community support. Low Income Housing for Native Americans of Portland, Oregon (LIHNAPO) was created in 1993 in response to the urgent need for affordable housing for Native Americans in Portland. LIHNAPO is young, working to establish itself as a viable organization. To make this transition, LIHNAPO must carry out a strategic planning process. As a step in that direction, Organizing Resources for Community Action (ORCA) has created this document to help LIHNAPO identify the course for the organization and strategies that will best meet the needs of the urban Indian community. This project was conducted under the supervision of Deborah Howe and Connie Ozawa. Close

• 11. [Article] Attitudes toward Science (ATS): An Examination of Scientists' and Native Americans' Cultural Values and ATS and their Effect on Action Priorities

  Science has been identified as a crucial element in the competitiveness and sustainability of America in the global economy. American citizens, especially minority populations, however, are not pursuing ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Attitudes toward Science (ATS): An Examination of Scientists' and Native Americans' Cultural Values and ATS and their Effect on Action Priorities Author: Murry, Adam T. Year: 2013 Science has been identified as a crucial element in the competitiveness and sustainability of America in the global economy. American citizens, especially minority populations, however, are not pursuing science education or careers. Past research has implicated `attitudes toward science' as an important factor in the public's participation in science. I applied Ajzen's (1991) Theory of Planned Behavior to attitudes toward science to predict science-related sustainability-action intentions and evaluated whether scientists and Native Americans differed in their general attitudes toward science, cultural values, and specific beliefs about science. Analyses revealed that positive attitude toward science and the cultural value of individualism predicted intentions to engage with science-related sustainability actions. Unexpectedly, scientists and Native Americans did not differ in their cultural values or positive attitude toward science. However, Natives Americans held significantly more negative attitude toward science than scientists. Implications for science education and attitudes towards science theory and application are discussed. Title: Attitudes toward Science (ATS): An Examination of Scientists' and Native Americans' Cultural Values and ATS and their Effect on Action Priorities Author: Murry, Adam T. Year: 2013 Science has been identified as a crucial element in the competitiveness and sustainability of America in the global economy. American citizens, especially minority populations, however, are not pursuing science education or careers. Past research has implicated `attitudes toward science' as an important factor in the public's participation in science. I applied Ajzen's (1991) Theory of Planned Behavior to attitudes toward science to predict science-related sustainability-action intentions and evaluated whether scientists and Native Americans differed in their general attitudes toward science, cultural values, and specific beliefs about science. Analyses revealed that positive attitude toward science and the cultural value of individualism predicted intentions to engage with science-related sustainability actions. Unexpectedly, scientists and Native Americans did not differ in their cultural values or positive attitude toward science. However, Natives Americans held significantly more negative attitude toward science than scientists. Implications for science education and attitudes towards science theory and application are discussed. Close

• 12. [Article] Technical Report for Personality Assessment of Rosebud Sioux: A Comparison of Rorschach, Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory and 16PF Reports

  Three standard assessment instruments (Rorschach, Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory and 16PF) were administered to 12 participating Rosebud Sioux Indians -- 6 males, 6 females. Reports were generated ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Technical Report for Personality Assessment of Rosebud Sioux: A Comparison of Rorschach, Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory and 16PF Reports Author: Dana, Richard H., Hornby, Rodger, Hoffmann, Tom Year: 1986 Three standard assessment instruments (Rorschach, Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory and 16PF) were administered to 12 participating Rosebud Sioux Indians -- 6 males, 6 females. Reports were generated for each instrument. Consensual and unique concepts contained in all the reports were analyzed in order to describe the contents. Six judges, all residents of the reservation and either college employees or social agency personnel attempted to match the participants with their reports. The judges may not have known all of the participants intimately, but they were well acquainted with the facts of their libes. Two general questions were explored: (1) can people who are acquainted with all participants identify them from their reports; and (2) what are the similarities and differences in report content among the three instruments. Only two judges were able to identify reports with significant accuracy, suggesting that assessors should be wary of the conventional assessment instruments as applied to Native Americans. The report suggests that the instruments are not sufficiently sensitive to themes concerning particular tribes and cultures; social etiquette of assessment interaction; and to an underlying genocidal theme of white-Native American assessment confrontations. The paper concludes that psychological tests might be made more culturally specific and that objective tests require local and tribal norms for Native Americans. Cautious use of assessment instruments is recommended until training in culture-specific administration and interpretation of projective techniques is available and local tribal norms have been provided for objective tests. Title: Technical Report for Personality Assessment of Rosebud Sioux: A Comparison of Rorschach, Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory and 16PF Reports Author: Dana, Richard H., Hornby, Rodger, Hoffmann, Tom Year: 1986 Three standard assessment instruments (Rorschach, Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory and 16PF) were administered to 12 participating Rosebud Sioux Indians -- 6 males, 6 females. Reports were generated for each instrument. Consensual and unique concepts contained in all the reports were analyzed in order to describe the contents. Six judges, all residents of the reservation and either college employees or social agency personnel attempted to match the participants with their reports. The judges may not have known all of the participants intimately, but they were well acquainted with the facts of their libes. Two general questions were explored: (1) can people who are acquainted with all participants identify them from their reports; and (2) what are the similarities and differences in report content among the three instruments. Only two judges were able to identify reports with significant accuracy, suggesting that assessors should be wary of the conventional assessment instruments as applied to Native Americans. The report suggests that the instruments are not sufficiently sensitive to themes concerning particular tribes and cultures; social etiquette of assessment interaction; and to an underlying genocidal theme of white-Native American assessment confrontations. The paper concludes that psychological tests might be made more culturally specific and that objective tests require local and tribal norms for Native Americans. Cautious use of assessment instruments is recommended until training in culture-specific administration and interpretation of projective techniques is available and local tribal norms have been provided for objective tests. Close

• 13. [Article] Mapping the Participatory Process

  This presentation explores the use of Practice-Based Evidence methodologies to support social work with Native American youth. It is based on a five-year collaborative effort between the Native American ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Mapping the Participatory Process Author: Friesen, Barbara J., Gowen, L. Kris, Jivanjee, Pauline, Bandurraga, Abby Year: 2009 This presentation explores the use of Practice-Based Evidence methodologies to support social work with Native American youth. It is based on a five-year collaborative effort between the Native American Youth and Family Center, National Indian Child Welfare Association, and the Research and Training Center on Family Support and Children's Mental Health. The researchers aims were to develop strategies for documenting the effectiveness of services, and to develop a process for conducting evaluations based on known outcomes of community based programs. Title: Mapping the Participatory Process Author: Friesen, Barbara J., Gowen, L. Kris, Jivanjee, Pauline, Bandurraga, Abby Year: 2009 This presentation explores the use of Practice-Based Evidence methodologies to support social work with Native American youth. It is based on a five-year collaborative effort between the Native American Youth and Family Center, National Indian Child Welfare Association, and the Research and Training Center on Family Support and Children's Mental Health. The researchers aims were to develop strategies for documenting the effectiveness of services, and to develop a process for conducting evaluations based on known outcomes of community based programs. Close

• 14. [Article] Native American Young People in the Transition to Adulthood: Perceptions of Challenges and Supports

  This presentation focuses on native American youth and how work with this population can be improved by following the Relational World View as a theoretical framework. Discusses practice-based evidence ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Native American Young People in the Transition to Adulthood: Perceptions of Challenges and Supports Author: Cross, Terry L., Jivanjee, Pauline, Bandurraga, Abby, Friesen, Barbara J., Gowen, L. Kris, Matthew, Cori Year: 2013 This presentation focuses on native American youth and how work with this population can be improved by following the Relational World View as a theoretical framework. Discusses practice-based evidence findings and development of the NAYA Assessment Tool, and the Finding Our Way study methods. Findings of the study explore young people's perceptions of challenges, needs and supports. Finally, the presenters discuss expansion of the assessment tool to address transition domains. Title: Native American Young People in the Transition to Adulthood: Perceptions of Challenges and Supports Author: Cross, Terry L., Jivanjee, Pauline, Bandurraga, Abby, Friesen, Barbara J., Gowen, L. Kris, Matthew, Cori Year: 2013 This presentation focuses on native American youth and how work with this population can be improved by following the Relational World View as a theoretical framework. Discusses practice-based evidence findings and development of the NAYA Assessment Tool, and the Finding Our Way study methods. Findings of the study explore young people's perceptions of challenges, needs and supports. Finally, the presenters discuss expansion of the assessment tool to address transition domains. Close

• 15. [Article] Developing One's Self: Adoption and Identity Formation Through the Eyes of Transracially Adopted Native American Adults

  Life story methods were used to explore the contextual factors that influenced the experiences and identity formation of seven Native American adults who were transracially adopted prior to the passage ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Developing One's Self: Adoption and Identity Formation Through the Eyes of Transracially Adopted Native American Adults Author: Becker-Green, Jody Year: 2009 Life story methods were used to explore the contextual factors that influenced the experiences and identity formation of seven Native American adults who were transracially adopted prior to the passage of the Indian Child Welfare Act of 1978. These methods provided a deeper understanding of how these individuals have integrated their adoption experiences into their evolving sense of self. The life story methodology offered a way to acknowledge and validate participants' life experiences and allowed for the collection of rich information from the perspectives of the adoptees. The life story interviews were structured to gather information on the influence of one's adoptive family and cultural, social, and educational experiences on participants' developing sense of self. Even though an interview guide was developed for use in the study, each story uniquely unfolded in a manner the participant was comfortable sharing. The study examined the life stories for patterns or emerging themes related to identity development at different points in the narrators' life cycles in order to develop an aggregate account of the contextual factors influencing identity formation as well as a collective understanding of sense of self. The study identified 12 contextual factors that have both positively and negatively influenced identity development among the participants throughout their lifespan. These factors are: (1) adoptive family; (2) community; (3) educational experiences; (4) religion/spirituality; (5) travel; (6) exposure to cultural experiences; (7) employment; (8) friendships; (9) peer groups; (10) military; (11) societal messages, and (12) reconnection to tribal heritage. Overall, findings from this study suggest that the majority of participants have developed strong Native American, multi-cultural, and/or bi-cultural identities that incorporate their various experiences as transracial adoptees. Practice considerations for transracial adoptees as well as adoptive parents are suggested. Policy implications relating to granting access to original birth and/or adoption related records are presented. Finally, future research recommendations are offered specific to Native American transracial adoptees, their biological families, and tribal communities from which they adopted. While the practice, policy, and research recommendations are specific to Native American transracial adoptees, the recommendations may have broader implications to a wider population of adoptees in general. Title: Developing One's Self: Adoption and Identity Formation Through the Eyes of Transracially Adopted Native American Adults Author: Becker-Green, Jody Year: 2009 Life story methods were used to explore the contextual factors that influenced the experiences and identity formation of seven Native American adults who were transracially adopted prior to the passage of the Indian Child Welfare Act of 1978. These methods provided a deeper understanding of how these individuals have integrated their adoption experiences into their evolving sense of self. The life story methodology offered a way to acknowledge and validate participants' life experiences and allowed for the collection of rich information from the perspectives of the adoptees. The life story interviews were structured to gather information on the influence of one's adoptive family and cultural, social, and educational experiences on participants' developing sense of self. Even though an interview guide was developed for use in the study, each story uniquely unfolded in a manner the participant was comfortable sharing. The study examined the life stories for patterns or emerging themes related to identity development at different points in the narrators' life cycles in order to develop an aggregate account of the contextual factors influencing identity formation as well as a collective understanding of sense of self. The study identified 12 contextual factors that have both positively and negatively influenced identity development among the participants throughout their lifespan. These factors are: (1) adoptive family; (2) community; (3) educational experiences; (4) religion/spirituality; (5) travel; (6) exposure to cultural experiences; (7) employment; (8) friendships; (9) peer groups; (10) military; (11) societal messages, and (12) reconnection to tribal heritage. Overall, findings from this study suggest that the majority of participants have developed strong Native American, multi-cultural, and/or bi-cultural identities that incorporate their various experiences as transracial adoptees. Practice considerations for transracial adoptees as well as adoptive parents are suggested. Policy implications relating to granting access to original birth and/or adoption related records are presented. Finally, future research recommendations are offered specific to Native American transracial adoptees, their biological families, and tribal communities from which they adopted. While the practice, policy, and research recommendations are specific to Native American transracial adoptees, the recommendations may have broader implications to a wider population of adoptees in general. Close

• 16. [Article] Disruptions in the Dream City: Unsettled Ideologies at the 1905 World's Fair in Portland, Oregon

  This thesis examines the experiences of fairgoers at the Lewis and Clark Centennial, American Pacific Exposition and Oriental Fair held in Portland, Oregon from June to October of 1905. Historians have ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Disruptions in the Dream City: Unsettled Ideologies at the 1905 World's Fair in Portland, Oregon Author: Cleland, Kat Year: 2013 This thesis examines the experiences of fairgoers at the Lewis and Clark Centennial, American Pacific Exposition and Oriental Fair held in Portland, Oregon from June to October of 1905. Historians have framed world's fairs and international expositions as sites of legitimating narratives and restagings of empire and nationhood. This thesis focuses on women, Asian Americans, and Native Americans who interrupted and disrupted the performance and exhibition of U.S. imperialism in the specific case of Portland, Oregon. It considers who benefitted from or endured loss in the demonstrations of imperial culture at the Fair. Following the premises that metropolitan and colonial histories should be considered in the same analytical field and that the systemic power of domestic imperialism in the United States extended beyond Native Americans into the experiences of most nonwhite American communities, this thesis adds a metropolitan approach to Native-American history and, in turn, applies a more colonial approach to the study of African-American, Asian-American, and working-class women's histories. In three chapters, this study explores a range of disruptions at the 1905 Lewis and Clark Centennial - patched over by the Exposition's civic elites and overlooked by previous historians of the Fair - that shed light on the politics of race, class, and gender within the processes of empire and nation building in the turn-of-the-century West. Title: Disruptions in the Dream City: Unsettled Ideologies at the 1905 World's Fair in Portland, Oregon Author: Cleland, Kat Year: 2013 This thesis examines the experiences of fairgoers at the Lewis and Clark Centennial, American Pacific Exposition and Oriental Fair held in Portland, Oregon from June to October of 1905. Historians have framed world's fairs and international expositions as sites of legitimating narratives and restagings of empire and nationhood. This thesis focuses on women, Asian Americans, and Native Americans who interrupted and disrupted the performance and exhibition of U.S. imperialism in the specific case of Portland, Oregon. It considers who benefitted from or endured loss in the demonstrations of imperial culture at the Fair. Following the premises that metropolitan and colonial histories should be considered in the same analytical field and that the systemic power of domestic imperialism in the United States extended beyond Native Americans into the experiences of most nonwhite American communities, this thesis adds a metropolitan approach to Native-American history and, in turn, applies a more colonial approach to the study of African-American, Asian-American, and working-class women's histories. In three chapters, this study explores a range of disruptions at the 1905 Lewis and Clark Centennial - patched over by the Exposition's civic elites and overlooked by previous historians of the Fair - that shed light on the politics of race, class, and gender within the processes of empire and nation building in the turn-of-the-century West. Close

• 17. [Article] Racial Hegemony in America: The Struggle for identity Among the Black Indians of the Five Civilized Tribes of the Southern United States

  The notion of race was introduced to the Americas at the time of colonization. For the Black Indians of the Five Civilized Tribes, racism has led to the rejection of their tribal heritage from both tribal ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Racial Hegemony in America: The Struggle for identity Among the Black Indians of the Five Civilized Tribes of the Southern United States Author: Hartsfield, Natasha Year: 2013 The notion of race was introduced to the Americas at the time of colonization. For the Black Indians of the Five Civilized Tribes, racism has led to the rejection of their tribal heritage from both tribal and United States governments. The Black Indians are of both African and Native American ancestry with a history born in America and rich with resistance against colonial power. Blood quantum, the governmental requisite for tribal membership, is but one of the many laws put in place to govern Native American tribes. This introduces the question: Why, in a Nation that claims "freedom for all," does there continue to be groups of people whose identities are not recognized? Why are descendants of both Native American and African ancestors ineligible for education scholarships, land allotments, gaming and fishing rights and other tribal allowances? In 1965 African-Americans were marching on Washington to demand their rights as American citizens. Today, Black Indians are marching on Washington from Indian Territory in Oklahoma to demand their rights. As a people who represent the continuing struggle for American freedom, the case of the Black Indians of the Five Civilized Tribes demonstrates how hegemony introduced the hypodescent rule or "one drop of blood" rule by the United States, laid the foundation for systemic effects of the racial hierarchy within the tribes. As this is an issue that may be further explored, future research might include a comparative study of other unrecognized groups that have been affected by colonialism, incorporating archival research, research of material culture and oral histories. Faculty Mentor: Pedro Ferbel-Azcarate Title: Racial Hegemony in America: The Struggle for identity Among the Black Indians of the Five Civilized Tribes of the Southern United States Author: Hartsfield, Natasha Year: 2013 The notion of race was introduced to the Americas at the time of colonization. For the Black Indians of the Five Civilized Tribes, racism has led to the rejection of their tribal heritage from both tribal and United States governments. The Black Indians are of both African and Native American ancestry with a history born in America and rich with resistance against colonial power. Blood quantum, the governmental requisite for tribal membership, is but one of the many laws put in place to govern Native American tribes. This introduces the question: Why, in a Nation that claims "freedom for all," does there continue to be groups of people whose identities are not recognized? Why are descendants of both Native American and African ancestors ineligible for education scholarships, land allotments, gaming and fishing rights and other tribal allowances? In 1965 African-Americans were marching on Washington to demand their rights as American citizens. Today, Black Indians are marching on Washington from Indian Territory in Oklahoma to demand their rights. As a people who represent the continuing struggle for American freedom, the case of the Black Indians of the Five Civilized Tribes demonstrates how hegemony introduced the hypodescent rule or "one drop of blood" rule by the United States, laid the foundation for systemic effects of the racial hierarchy within the tribes. As this is an issue that may be further explored, future research might include a comparative study of other unrecognized groups that have been affected by colonialism, incorporating archival research, research of material culture and oral histories. Faculty Mentor: Pedro Ferbel-Azcarate Close

• 18. [Article] Tracking Fish and Human Response to Abrupt Environmental Change at Tse-whit-zen: A Large Native American Village on the Olympic Peninsula, Washington State

  Evidence of large earthquakes occurring along the Pacific Northwest coast is reflected in coastal stratigraphy from Oregon to British Columbia, where there also exists an extensive archaeological record ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Tracking Fish and Human Response to Abrupt Environmental Change at Tse-whit-zen: A Large Native American Village on the Olympic Peninsula, Washington State Author: Mohlenhoff, Kathryn Anne Year: 2013 Evidence of large earthquakes occurring along the Pacific Northwest coast is reflected in coastal stratigraphy from Oregon to British Columbia, where there also exists an extensive archaeological record of Native American occupation. Tse-whit-zen, a large Native American village dating between 1824 and 54 cal B.P. located on the Olympic Peninsula of Washington State, was excavated with exceptionally fine stratigraphic control allowing for precise comparison of natural and cultural records. Here I report on the >10,000 fish remains from one 2x2 m excavation block; this assemblage spans one earthquake event, allowing study of changes in relative taxonomic abundance through time that may coincide with earthquakes or other environmental changes. Results indicate use of a wide range of marine fish taxa including various sculpins (Cottidae), flatfish (Pleuronectiformes), herring (Clupea pallasii) and salmon (Oncorhynchusspp.). This illustrates a highly diverse diet throughout occupation, though relative abundances of more offshore taxa decrease through time in favor of some nearshore taxa, possibly indicating the presence of a coseismic event. This thesis serves as part of a pilot study for a collaborative project that is underway. This larger project addresses human response to both gradual and abrupt environmental change through the analysis of all classes of Tse-whit-zen faunal remains, which provide a link to impacts on animal populations and in turn human subsistence. Title: Tracking Fish and Human Response to Abrupt Environmental Change at Tse-whit-zen: A Large Native American Village on the Olympic Peninsula, Washington State Author: Mohlenhoff, Kathryn Anne Year: 2013 Evidence of large earthquakes occurring along the Pacific Northwest coast is reflected in coastal stratigraphy from Oregon to British Columbia, where there also exists an extensive archaeological record of Native American occupation. Tse-whit-zen, a large Native American village dating between 1824 and 54 cal B.P. located on the Olympic Peninsula of Washington State, was excavated with exceptionally fine stratigraphic control allowing for precise comparison of natural and cultural records. Here I report on the >10,000 fish remains from one 2x2 m excavation block; this assemblage spans one earthquake event, allowing study of changes in relative taxonomic abundance through time that may coincide with earthquakes or other environmental changes. Results indicate use of a wide range of marine fish taxa including various sculpins (Cottidae), flatfish (Pleuronectiformes), herring (Clupea pallasii) and salmon (Oncorhynchusspp.). This illustrates a highly diverse diet throughout occupation, though relative abundances of more offshore taxa decrease through time in favor of some nearshore taxa, possibly indicating the presence of a coseismic event. This thesis serves as part of a pilot study for a collaborative project that is underway. This larger project addresses human response to both gradual and abrupt environmental change through the analysis of all classes of Tse-whit-zen faunal remains, which provide a link to impacts on animal populations and in turn human subsistence. Close

• 19. [Article] The Realization of the Cathlapotle Plankhouse: Reflections on Cross-Cultural Collaboration in the Post-NAGPRA Era

  In the last two decades, a shift in the museological paradigm has changed the way in which Native American history and culture is interpreted and represented to the general public. As legal mandates and ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The Realization of the Cathlapotle Plankhouse: Reflections on Cross-Cultural Collaboration in the Post-NAGPRA Era Author: Boyne, Erica Lynn Year: 2011 In the last two decades, a shift in the museological paradigm has changed the way in which Native American history and culture is interpreted and represented to the general public. As legal mandates and growing institutional pressures increasingly call for the integration of tribal representatives into the decision-making bodies of museums and authoritative institutions, cross-cultural collaboration and partnerships have increased significantly. With little precedent guiding public historians and museum professionals through this new and complex system of collaboration, the path unfolding in the journey towards the “indigenization”; of museums has been marked with achievements and challenges that have both taught and tested historical professionals. The following is a case study that examines the ways in which this unfolding shift in Native American representation manifested itself in the reconstruction of a Chinookan plankhouse in the early 21st century. With a common objective of educating visitors about the significant cultural and natural history of the former site of the Cathlapotle village, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and the Chinook Indian Nation teamed up to design, fund, construct and interpret the Cathlapotle Plankhouse in Ridgefield, Washington. Despite sharing a common goal for the reconstruction of a full-scale Chinookan plankhouse, different motivations and agendas guided the decision-making process and required both partners to make compromises that challenged each other’s understanding and expectations of the project. In this work, I analyze how these two organizations navigated the rewarding yet challenging realm of cross-cultural collaboration to create a meaningful and significant heritage site for a wide range of user groups. From this analysis, I hope to provide public historians and museum professionals a detailed example of a cross-cultural partnership that will assist them as they move forward through a continuously unfolding and largely uncharted system of collaboration. Title: The Realization of the Cathlapotle Plankhouse: Reflections on Cross-Cultural Collaboration in the Post-NAGPRA Era Author: Boyne, Erica Lynn Year: 2011 In the last two decades, a shift in the museological paradigm has changed the way in which Native American history and culture is interpreted and represented to the general public. As legal mandates and growing institutional pressures increasingly call for the integration of tribal representatives into the decision-making bodies of museums and authoritative institutions, cross-cultural collaboration and partnerships have increased significantly. With little precedent guiding public historians and museum professionals through this new and complex system of collaboration, the path unfolding in the journey towards the “indigenization”; of museums has been marked with achievements and challenges that have both taught and tested historical professionals. The following is a case study that examines the ways in which this unfolding shift in Native American representation manifested itself in the reconstruction of a Chinookan plankhouse in the early 21st century. With a common objective of educating visitors about the significant cultural and natural history of the former site of the Cathlapotle village, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and the Chinook Indian Nation teamed up to design, fund, construct and interpret the Cathlapotle Plankhouse in Ridgefield, Washington. Despite sharing a common goal for the reconstruction of a full-scale Chinookan plankhouse, different motivations and agendas guided the decision-making process and required both partners to make compromises that challenged each other’s understanding and expectations of the project. In this work, I analyze how these two organizations navigated the rewarding yet challenging realm of cross-cultural collaboration to create a meaningful and significant heritage site for a wide range of user groups. From this analysis, I hope to provide public historians and museum professionals a detailed example of a cross-cultural partnership that will assist them as they move forward through a continuously unfolding and largely uncharted system of collaboration. Close

• 20. [Article] Relic Hunting, Archaeology, and Loss of Native American Heritage at The Dalles

  Assesses the damage done to Native American sites and heritage by relic hunters and archaeologists digging in the mid-Columbia River region that was inundated by completion of The Dalles Dam in 1957. Long ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Relic Hunting, Archaeology, and Loss of Native American Heritage at The Dalles Author: Butler, Virginia L. Year: 2007 Assesses the damage done to Native American sites and heritage by relic hunters and archaeologists digging in the mid-Columbia River region that was inundated by completion of The Dalles Dam in 1957. Long before the dam was built,relic hunters disturbed grave sites and mounds in their search for artifacts. The artifacts went into private collections or were sold, without concern for their context or for the rights and concerns of native people. The article also discusses the development of the profession of archaeology and the ways professional archaeologists were complicit in the desecration of native sites. Sites along the river continue to be looted in spite of laws against looting and the ethical codes adopted by such organizations as the Society for American Archaeology. Title: Relic Hunting, Archaeology, and Loss of Native American Heritage at The Dalles Author: Butler, Virginia L. Year: 2007 Assesses the damage done to Native American sites and heritage by relic hunters and archaeologists digging in the mid-Columbia River region that was inundated by completion of The Dalles Dam in 1957. Long before the dam was built,relic hunters disturbed grave sites and mounds in their search for artifacts. The artifacts went into private collections or were sold, without concern for their context or for the rights and concerns of native people. The article also discusses the development of the profession of archaeology and the ways professional archaeologists were complicit in the desecration of native sites. Sites along the river continue to be looted in spite of laws against looting and the ethical codes adopted by such organizations as the Society for American Archaeology. Close

• 21. [Article] The meaning of falling water: Celilo Falls and the Dalles in historical literature

  Discusses the changing meaning attached to Celilo Falls and The Dalles and how these places were represented in the published literature from the 1807 edition of Lewis and Clark Expedition sergeant Patrick ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The meaning of falling water: Celilo Falls and the Dalles in historical literature Author: Lang, William L. Year: 2007 Discusses the changing meaning attached to Celilo Falls and The Dalles and how these places were represented in the published literature from the 1807 edition of Lewis and Clark Expedition sergeant Patrick Gass's journal through the 2006 publication of Joseph C. Dupris, Kathleen S. Hill, and William Rodgers, Jr.'s 'The Si'lailo Way: Indians, Salmon, and Law on the Columbia River.' The article examines many topics, including early Euro-American incursions, the changes wrought by the Native American land cessions in 1855, and the development of hydroelectric power on the Columbia River, particularly The Dalles Dam, completed in 1957, which destroyed ancient Native American fishing grounds. Title: The meaning of falling water: Celilo Falls and the Dalles in historical literature Author: Lang, William L. Year: 2007 Discusses the changing meaning attached to Celilo Falls and The Dalles and how these places were represented in the published literature from the 1807 edition of Lewis and Clark Expedition sergeant Patrick Gass's journal through the 2006 publication of Joseph C. Dupris, Kathleen S. Hill, and William Rodgers, Jr.'s 'The Si'lailo Way: Indians, Salmon, and Law on the Columbia River.' The article examines many topics, including early Euro-American incursions, the changes wrought by the Native American land cessions in 1855, and the development of hydroelectric power on the Columbia River, particularly The Dalles Dam, completed in 1957, which destroyed ancient Native American fishing grounds. Close

• 22. [Article] Tracking Fish and Human Response to Earthquakes on the Northwest Coast of Washington State, USA: A Preliminary Study at Tse-whit-zen

  Evidence of large earthquakes occurring along the Pacific Northwest Coast is reflected in coastal stratigraphy from Oregon to British Columbia, where there also exists an extensive archaeological record ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Tracking Fish and Human Response to Earthquakes on the Northwest Coast of Washington State, USA: A Preliminary Study at Tse-whit-zen Author: Mohlenhoff, Kathryn A., Butler, Virginia L. Year: 2017 Evidence of large earthquakes occurring along the Pacific Northwest Coast is reflected in coastal stratigraphy from Oregon to British Columbia, where there also exists an extensive archaeological record of Native American occupation. Tse-whit-zen, a large Native American village dating between ∼2800 yrs BP and the historic era, located on the Olympic Peninsula of Washington State, was excavated with exceptionally fine stratigraphic control allowing for precise comparison of these natural and cultural records. Here we report on the ∼10,000 fish remains from one 2 × 2 m excavation block; this assemblage spans the timing of one seismic event, allowing study of changes in relative taxonomic abundance through time that may coincide with earthquakes or other environmental changes. Results indicate a wide variety of fish taxa were used throughout the dated occupation. Comparisons of fish use before and after one earthquake event shows a decline in salmon (Oncorhynchus sp.) and an increase in herring (Clupea pallasii), shifts consistent with earthquake-related habitat loss. This serves as a pilot study for a large-scale collaborative project that is drawing on the range in animal types (invertebrates, mammals, birds, and fishes) to assess human response to gradual and abrupt environmental change at Tse-whit-zen. Title: Tracking Fish and Human Response to Earthquakes on the Northwest Coast of Washington State, USA: A Preliminary Study at Tse-whit-zen Author: Mohlenhoff, Kathryn A., Butler, Virginia L. Year: 2017 Evidence of large earthquakes occurring along the Pacific Northwest Coast is reflected in coastal stratigraphy from Oregon to British Columbia, where there also exists an extensive archaeological record of Native American occupation. Tse-whit-zen, a large Native American village dating between ∼2800 yrs BP and the historic era, located on the Olympic Peninsula of Washington State, was excavated with exceptionally fine stratigraphic control allowing for precise comparison of these natural and cultural records. Here we report on the ∼10,000 fish remains from one 2 × 2 m excavation block; this assemblage spans the timing of one seismic event, allowing study of changes in relative taxonomic abundance through time that may coincide with earthquakes or other environmental changes. Results indicate a wide variety of fish taxa were used throughout the dated occupation. Comparisons of fish use before and after one earthquake event shows a decline in salmon (Oncorhynchus sp.) and an increase in herring (Clupea pallasii), shifts consistent with earthquake-related habitat loss. This serves as a pilot study for a large-scale collaborative project that is drawing on the range in animal types (invertebrates, mammals, birds, and fishes) to assess human response to gradual and abrupt environmental change at Tse-whit-zen. Close

• 23. [Article] Project Management of Empathic Design Process Compared to Other Design Processes

  In this report, we analyze Empathic Design as a new product development process within project management; using the newest Nike’s N7 footwear product that has been made to target the Native American community ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Project Management of Empathic Design Process Compared to Other Design Processes Author: Amini, Mitra, Al Mallak, Manar, Burgan, Mohamed, Ngarmnil, Thanaporn Year: 2011 In this report, we analyze Empathic Design as a new product development process within project management; using the newest Nike’s N7 footwear product that has been made to target the Native American community and people inspired by Native American as our main case study. We also used Nike’s Free footwear product as a conventional product design case study to compare it with N7. The report outlines the steps of Empathic Design observation steps and their benefits within the project management basic phases. Accordingly, the report contains a comparison analysis between Empathic and Traditional design project management methods; along with a full elaboration of the Problems that might occur during the product design management process. Title: Project Management of Empathic Design Process Compared to Other Design Processes Author: Amini, Mitra, Al Mallak, Manar, Burgan, Mohamed, Ngarmnil, Thanaporn Year: 2011 In this report, we analyze Empathic Design as a new product development process within project management; using the newest Nike’s N7 footwear product that has been made to target the Native American community and people inspired by Native American as our main case study. We also used Nike’s Free footwear product as a conventional product design case study to compare it with N7. The report outlines the steps of Empathic Design observation steps and their benefits within the project management basic phases. Accordingly, the report contains a comparison analysis between Empathic and Traditional design project management methods; along with a full elaboration of the Problems that might occur during the product design management process. Close

• 24. [Article] (Re)Presenting Peoples and Storied Lands: Public Presentation of Archaeology and Representation of Native Americans in Selected Western U.S. Protected Areas

  Every year, hundreds of thousands of people visit the Native American ancestral lands in the western United States developed for tourism and recreation. The stewards of these lands seek to engage visitors ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: (Re)Presenting Peoples and Storied Lands: Public Presentation of Archaeology and Representation of Native Americans in Selected Western U.S. Protected Areas Author: Survant, Cerinda Year: 2016 Every year, hundreds of thousands of people visit the Native American ancestral lands in the western United States developed for tourism and recreation. The stewards of these lands seek to engage visitors and enrich their experience, and simultaneously to protect the lands' natural and cultural resources. To achieve their mission, protected areas regularly use interpretation -- materials and experiences that aim to educate visitors about resources and see them as personally meaningful. However, there is little literature on interpretive content in protected areas, few qualitative studies of interpretation as constructed by visitors and interpreters, and little literature on the representation of Native Americans in museums and protected areas. I consider the public presentation of archaeology at exemplary protected areas in the U.S. Southwest and Great Basin within a theoretical framework of governmentality and representation. Within a mixed-method research design, this project used participant-observation at thirteen protected area locales to identify interpretive content and representational strategies, and semi-structured interviews with 31 individuals to elicit staff and visitors' understandings of interpretation and display. This research found three types of narratives in the interpretation sampled-- scientific narratives, cultural narratives, and management messages. In general, scientific narratives appeared more frequently than cultural narratives and both appeared more frequently than management messages. Archaeology dominated scientific narratives, cultural continuity dominated cultural narratives, and orientation dominated management messages. In general, archaeology appeared with greater relative frequency than any other component of interpretive content. This study also found that interpretation predominantly adopted a third-person omniscient point of view and represented people predominantly in the ancient past. This study has both academic and applied outcomes. The work aims to contribute to the scant body of literature on interpretive content in protected areas stewarding natural and cultural resources, the few qualitative studies of interpretation as constructed by visitors and interpreters, and the existing literature on the representation of Native Americans in museums and protected areas as well as informing future interpretive practice. These findings inform a report on contemporary interpretive practice and recommendations for the public presentation of archaeology delivered to the US Fish and Wildlife Service in December 2013. Title: (Re)Presenting Peoples and Storied Lands: Public Presentation of Archaeology and Representation of Native Americans in Selected Western U.S. Protected Areas Author: Survant, Cerinda Year: 2016 Every year, hundreds of thousands of people visit the Native American ancestral lands in the western United States developed for tourism and recreation. The stewards of these lands seek to engage visitors and enrich their experience, and simultaneously to protect the lands' natural and cultural resources. To achieve their mission, protected areas regularly use interpretation -- materials and experiences that aim to educate visitors about resources and see them as personally meaningful. However, there is little literature on interpretive content in protected areas, few qualitative studies of interpretation as constructed by visitors and interpreters, and little literature on the representation of Native Americans in museums and protected areas. I consider the public presentation of archaeology at exemplary protected areas in the U.S. Southwest and Great Basin within a theoretical framework of governmentality and representation. Within a mixed-method research design, this project used participant-observation at thirteen protected area locales to identify interpretive content and representational strategies, and semi-structured interviews with 31 individuals to elicit staff and visitors' understandings of interpretation and display. This research found three types of narratives in the interpretation sampled-- scientific narratives, cultural narratives, and management messages. In general, scientific narratives appeared more frequently than cultural narratives and both appeared more frequently than management messages. Archaeology dominated scientific narratives, cultural continuity dominated cultural narratives, and orientation dominated management messages. In general, archaeology appeared with greater relative frequency than any other component of interpretive content. This study also found that interpretation predominantly adopted a third-person omniscient point of view and represented people predominantly in the ancient past. This study has both academic and applied outcomes. The work aims to contribute to the scant body of literature on interpretive content in protected areas stewarding natural and cultural resources, the few qualitative studies of interpretation as constructed by visitors and interpreters, and the existing literature on the representation of Native Americans in museums and protected areas as well as informing future interpretive practice. These findings inform a report on contemporary interpretive practice and recommendations for the public presentation of archaeology delivered to the US Fish and Wildlife Service in December 2013. Close

• 25. [Article] The Portland Spectator, March 2010

  Editor: Joe Wirtheim Articles in this issue include: What have you done for me lately, ASPSU?; Healthy: A sticky situation for corn syrup consumers; Hitchhiker's guide to bureaucracy; As it happens: the ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The Portland Spectator, March 2010 Author: Portland State University. Student Publications Board Year: 2010 Editor: Joe Wirtheim Articles in this issue include: What have you done for me lately, ASPSU?; Healthy: A sticky situation for corn syrup consumers; Hitchhiker's guide to bureaucracy; As it happens: the impeachment of Ron Lee; Native American Center coordinator dropped; Civil rights and practical policing; and Oregon's legislators act fast; A balancing act: our national debt Title: The Portland Spectator, March 2010 Author: Portland State University. Student Publications Board Year: 2010 Editor: Joe Wirtheim Articles in this issue include: What have you done for me lately, ASPSU?; Healthy: A sticky situation for corn syrup consumers; Hitchhiker's guide to bureaucracy; As it happens: the impeachment of Ron Lee; Native American Center coordinator dropped; Civil rights and practical policing; and Oregon's legislators act fast; A balancing act: our national debt Close

• 26. [Article] Interview with Judy Bluehorse-Skelton, Portland State U., 2011 (audio)

  Interview of Judy Bluehorse-Skelton by Christopher Milton on August 10th, 2011. The interview index is available for download.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Interview with Judy Bluehorse-Skelton, Portland State U., 2011 (audio) Author: Bluehorse-Skelton, Judy Year: 2011 Interview of Judy Bluehorse-Skelton by Christopher Milton on August 10th, 2011. The interview index is available for download. Title: Interview with Judy Bluehorse-Skelton, Portland State U., 2011 (audio) Author: Bluehorse-Skelton, Judy Year: 2011 Interview of Judy Bluehorse-Skelton by Christopher Milton on August 10th, 2011. The interview index is available for download. Close

• 27. [Article] Subsistence and Resistance on the British Columbia Coast: Kingcome Village’s Estuarine Gardens as Contested Space

  A case study is presented on the contested land ownership of the estuarine gardens in Kingcome Village, British Columbia (BC) between white settlers and the native Kwakwaka'wakw Indian Nation during the ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Subsistence and Resistance on the British Columbia Coast: Kingcome Village’s Estuarine Gardens as Contested Space Author: Deur, Douglas, Turner, Nancy J., Dick, Adam, Sewid-Smith, Daisy, Recalma-Clutesi, Kim Year: 2013 A case study is presented on the contested land ownership of the estuarine gardens in Kingcome Village, British Columbia (BC) between white settlers and the native Kwakwaka'wakw Indian Nation during the 19th century. The role that the natural resources of Kingcome Village's estuarine gardens played in white colonists' settlement of the Kingcome Village area is discussed. Title: Subsistence and Resistance on the British Columbia Coast: Kingcome Village’s Estuarine Gardens as Contested Space Author: Deur, Douglas, Turner, Nancy J., Dick, Adam, Sewid-Smith, Daisy, Recalma-Clutesi, Kim Year: 2013 A case study is presented on the contested land ownership of the estuarine gardens in Kingcome Village, British Columbia (BC) between white settlers and the native Kwakwaka'wakw Indian Nation during the 19th century. The role that the natural resources of Kingcome Village's estuarine gardens played in white colonists' settlement of the Kingcome Village area is discussed. Close

• 28. [Article] Does Voluntary Reading Matter? The Influences of Voluntary Reading on Student Achievement

  Does voluntary reading matter? While there is much known about the benefits to children who engage in sustained silent reading, commercial reading programs implemented as a result of No Child Left Behind ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Does Voluntary Reading Matter? The Influences of Voluntary Reading on Student Achievement Author: Yeigh, Maika Jolene Year: 2014 Does voluntary reading matter? While there is much known about the benefits to children who engage in sustained silent reading, commercial reading programs implemented as a result of No Child Left Behind often displace time for children to silently read (NCLB, 2002). An increase in the amount of time children spend with a commercial reading program has meant a decrease in time provided for in-school voluntary reading during the elementary literacy block (Brenner & Hiebert, 2010). This quantitative study used the 2011 restricted-use National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) data to determine whether opportunities provided to children for in-school voluntary reading impacted fourth-grade students' achievement levels. The study also considered whether there were differences in the amount of time provided for in-school voluntary reading and choice in reading material to children of differing income levels and ethnic backgrounds. Contingency tables and a multiple linear regression model were used to find associations between achievement data and questionnaire responses. Findings concluded that children who qualified to participate in the National School Lunch Program, as well as Black, Hispanic, and Native American children, have fewer opportunities to silently read, and choose their own books during the school day. For most children, there was a positive relationship between time and choice in reading at school with achievement scores. Black, Hispanic, and Native American children experienced a commercial reading program at a higher rate than their white and Asian peers; there were no detected differences in reading program structure based on economic affluence. The discussion includes consideration of time to silent read at school and choice in reading material as a part of an "opportunity gap" (Darling-Hammond, 2013) that causes disparities in the quality of education provided to children from different backgrounds, and which could also be a factor to the larger achievement gap. Policy implications are discussed. Title: Does Voluntary Reading Matter? The Influences of Voluntary Reading on Student Achievement Author: Yeigh, Maika Jolene Year: 2014 Does voluntary reading matter? While there is much known about the benefits to children who engage in sustained silent reading, commercial reading programs implemented as a result of No Child Left Behind often displace time for children to silently read (NCLB, 2002). An increase in the amount of time children spend with a commercial reading program has meant a decrease in time provided for in-school voluntary reading during the elementary literacy block (Brenner & Hiebert, 2010). This quantitative study used the 2011 restricted-use National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) data to determine whether opportunities provided to children for in-school voluntary reading impacted fourth-grade students' achievement levels. The study also considered whether there were differences in the amount of time provided for in-school voluntary reading and choice in reading material to children of differing income levels and ethnic backgrounds. Contingency tables and a multiple linear regression model were used to find associations between achievement data and questionnaire responses. Findings concluded that children who qualified to participate in the National School Lunch Program, as well as Black, Hispanic, and Native American children, have fewer opportunities to silently read, and choose their own books during the school day. For most children, there was a positive relationship between time and choice in reading at school with achievement scores. Black, Hispanic, and Native American children experienced a commercial reading program at a higher rate than their white and Asian peers; there were no detected differences in reading program structure based on economic affluence. The discussion includes consideration of time to silent read at school and choice in reading material as a part of an "opportunity gap" (Darling-Hammond, 2013) that causes disparities in the quality of education provided to children from different backgrounds, and which could also be a factor to the larger achievement gap. Policy implications are discussed. Close

• 29. [Article] Informing Oregon's Marine Protected Area (MPA) Baseline: Past and Present Tribal Uses of Marine Resources

  Native American tribes with ancestral land adjacent to the coast have gathered, hunted, and fished marine resources for millennia. In 2012, the state of Oregon designated five marine sites as reserves ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Informing Oregon's Marine Protected Area (MPA) Baseline: Past and Present Tribal Uses of Marine Resources Author: Comet, Sabra Marie TallChief Year: 2017 Native American tribes with ancestral land adjacent to the coast have gathered, hunted, and fished marine resources for millennia. In 2012, the state of Oregon designated five marine sites as reserves in which ocean development and harvest were prohibited. Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) are paired with each of the reserves and have less stringent “take” restrictions. Conflict over tribal use of MPAs have arisen in other states (e.g., California) as designation of MPAs and Reserves can impact subsistence, ceremonial, and traditional uses. My master’s thesis is intended to inform Oregon MPA management by developing a dataset that will describe tribal past (ancestral) and present (recent, within the current generation) uses of marine resources. I have collected interview and survey data to document marine resource use by tribal peoples on the Oregon coast in or near current and planned MPA’s. The interview protocols I used were developed for northern California’s MPA Baseline project and use a mixture of long and short questions, as well as an interactive mapping exercise. Interviews will target current fishermen/gatherers and tribal elders. Outcomes from the project will help Oregon coastal managers incorporate tribal uses into MPA management. Title: Informing Oregon's Marine Protected Area (MPA) Baseline: Past and Present Tribal Uses of Marine Resources Author: Comet, Sabra Marie TallChief Year: 2017 Native American tribes with ancestral land adjacent to the coast have gathered, hunted, and fished marine resources for millennia. In 2012, the state of Oregon designated five marine sites as reserves in which ocean development and harvest were prohibited. Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) are paired with each of the reserves and have less stringent “take” restrictions. Conflict over tribal use of MPAs have arisen in other states (e.g., California) as designation of MPAs and Reserves can impact subsistence, ceremonial, and traditional uses. My master’s thesis is intended to inform Oregon MPA management by developing a dataset that will describe tribal past (ancestral) and present (recent, within the current generation) uses of marine resources. I have collected interview and survey data to document marine resource use by tribal peoples on the Oregon coast in or near current and planned MPA’s. The interview protocols I used were developed for northern California’s MPA Baseline project and use a mixture of long and short questions, as well as an interactive mapping exercise. Interviews will target current fishermen/gatherers and tribal elders. Outcomes from the project will help Oregon coastal managers incorporate tribal uses into MPA management. Close

• 30. [Article] Exploring the Chinook Culture Contact at Station Camp at the Mouth of the Columbia River

  The Station Camp/McGowan site, at the mouth of the Columbia River, contains the remains of a contact-period Chinook Indian village characterized by abundant fur-trade era goods and well-preserved architectural ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Exploring the Chinook Culture Contact at Station Camp at the Mouth of the Columbia River Author: Wilson, Douglas C. Year: 2008 The Station Camp/McGowan site, at the mouth of the Columbia River, contains the remains of a contact-period Chinook Indian village characterized by abundant fur-trade era goods and well-preserved architectural features associated with at least three plank structures. The Chinookan fur-trade site (identified as the "Middle Village" by Chinook people) contains an abundance of wealth items and a dearth of productive tools and debris within traditional activity spaces. These data suggest the intensity and context of interaction between Native American groups at the coast and Euro- American traders. Title: Exploring the Chinook Culture Contact at Station Camp at the Mouth of the Columbia River Author: Wilson, Douglas C. Year: 2008 The Station Camp/McGowan site, at the mouth of the Columbia River, contains the remains of a contact-period Chinook Indian village characterized by abundant fur-trade era goods and well-preserved architectural features associated with at least three plank structures. The Chinookan fur-trade site (identified as the "Middle Village" by Chinook people) contains an abundance of wealth items and a dearth of productive tools and debris within traditional activity spaces. These data suggest the intensity and context of interaction between Native American groups at the coast and Euro- American traders. Close

• 31. [Article] Beavers, firs, salmon, and falling water: Pacific Northwest regionalism and the environment

  Discusses the importance of salmon in defining environmental understanding in the Pacific Northwest. Dam construction, population influx, economic development, and politics have dramatically changed the ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Beavers, firs, salmon, and falling water: Pacific Northwest regionalism and the environment Author: Lang, William L. Year: 2003 Discusses the importance of salmon in defining environmental understanding in the Pacific Northwest. Dam construction, population influx, economic development, and politics have dramatically changed the geography of Oregon Country since 1850. The technological alterations and population growth redefined the sense of place. However, salmon has remained the most important icon of the Pacific Northwest, both for Native Americans and for nonnatives have who worked to save the salmon from extinction. Salmon have become a "living metaphor" for the region, and their fate reflects an understanding of historical context and the role of people in their relationship to the environment in this particular region. Title: Beavers, firs, salmon, and falling water: Pacific Northwest regionalism and the environment Author: Lang, William L. Year: 2003 Discusses the importance of salmon in defining environmental understanding in the Pacific Northwest. Dam construction, population influx, economic development, and politics have dramatically changed the geography of Oregon Country since 1850. The technological alterations and population growth redefined the sense of place. However, salmon has remained the most important icon of the Pacific Northwest, both for Native Americans and for nonnatives have who worked to save the salmon from extinction. Salmon have become a "living metaphor" for the region, and their fate reflects an understanding of historical context and the role of people in their relationship to the environment in this particular region. Close

• 32. [Article] Local Norms of Personality Assessment for Rosebud Sioux

  Measures of life stress, locus of control, world view, and values were administered to 91 Rosebud Sioux. The results provide some limited norms for local use of these measures and descriptive data for ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Local Norms of Personality Assessment for Rosebud Sioux Author: Dana, Richard H., Hornby, Rodger, Hoffmann, Tom Year: 1984 Measures of life stress, locus of control, world view, and values were administered to 91 Rosebud Sioux. The results provide some limited norms for local use of these measures and descriptive data for this tribe. These measures provide examples of culturally relevant, non-discriminatory instruments for assessment of Native Americans Title: Local Norms of Personality Assessment for Rosebud Sioux Author: Dana, Richard H., Hornby, Rodger, Hoffmann, Tom Year: 1984 Measures of life stress, locus of control, world view, and values were administered to 91 Rosebud Sioux. The results provide some limited norms for local use of these measures and descriptive data for this tribe. These measures provide examples of culturally relevant, non-discriminatory instruments for assessment of Native Americans Close

• 33. [Article] Human Services Training in Tribal Colleges

  Tribal colleges are providing interdisciplinary education and professional training for human services occupations at the undergraduate level. These programs also promote cultural competence as a result ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Human Services Training in Tribal Colleges Author: Dana, Richard H., Hornby, Rodger Year: 1992 Tribal colleges are providing interdisciplinary education and professional training for human services occupations at the undergraduate level. These programs also promote cultural competence as a result of required courses in tribal languages, history, culture and law. The Sinte Gelska University program is described as an example of the role of tribal college education in emphasizing cultural identity using a culture-specific instructional style and teaching method. These programs in tribal colleges will augment the availability of competent service to native Americans. Title: Human Services Training in Tribal Colleges Author: Dana, Richard H., Hornby, Rodger Year: 1992 Tribal colleges are providing interdisciplinary education and professional training for human services occupations at the undergraduate level. These programs also promote cultural competence as a result of required courses in tribal languages, history, culture and law. The Sinte Gelska University program is described as an example of the role of tribal college education in emphasizing cultural identity using a culture-specific instructional style and teaching method. These programs in tribal colleges will augment the availability of competent service to native Americans. Close

• 34. [Article] The Portland Spectator, May 2011

  Editor: Jonathan Miles Articles in this issue include: Portland Pow Wows: Native Americans gather at Portland State for singing, drumming and dancing; Free Weiwei! Photo essay on Portland State’s silent ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The Portland Spectator, May 2011 Author: Portland State University. Student Publications Board Year: 2011 Editor: Jonathan Miles Articles in this issue include: Portland Pow Wows: Native Americans gather at Portland State for singing, drumming and dancing; Free Weiwei! Photo essay on Portland State’s silent protest to free Chinese political prisoner Ai Weiwei; Education bond under fire: Oregon’s efforts to fund public schools may be shut down by antitax groups; Borrowing up: Why students continue to borrow more and more for higher ed. and how it will hurt U.S. taxpayers. Title: The Portland Spectator, May 2011 Author: Portland State University. Student Publications Board Year: 2011 Editor: Jonathan Miles Articles in this issue include: Portland Pow Wows: Native Americans gather at Portland State for singing, drumming and dancing; Free Weiwei! Photo essay on Portland State’s silent protest to free Chinese political prisoner Ai Weiwei; Education bond under fire: Oregon’s efforts to fund public schools may be shut down by antitax groups; Borrowing up: Why students continue to borrow more and more for higher ed. and how it will hurt U.S. taxpayers. Close

• 35. [Article] "Southwest Indians and their art"

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: "Southwest Indians and their art" Author: Gunther, Erna Year: 1965 Title: "Southwest Indians and their art" Author: Gunther, Erna Year: 1965 Close

• 36. [Article] Music and Race in the American West

  This thesis explores the complexities of race relations in the nineteenth century American West. The groups considered here are African Americans, Anglo Americans, Chinese, Mexican Americans, and Native ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Music and Race in the American West Author: Schneider, William Steven Year: 2017 This thesis explores the complexities of race relations in the nineteenth century American West. The groups considered here are African Americans, Anglo Americans, Chinese, Mexican Americans, and Native Americans. In recent decades historians of the West have begun to tell the narratives of racial minorities. This study adopts the aims of these scholars through a new lens--music. Ultimately, this thesis argues that historians can use music, both individual songs and broader conceptions about music, to understand the complex and contradictory race relations of the nineteenth century west. Proceeding thematically, the first chapter explores the ways Anglo Americans used music to exert their dominance and defend their superiority over minorities. The second chapter examines the ways racial minorities used music to counter Anglo American dominance and exercise their own agency. The final chapter considers the ways in which music fostered peaceful and cooperative relationships between races. Following each chapter is a short interlude which discusses the musical innovations that occurred when the groups encountered the musical heritage of one another. This study demonstrates that music is an underutilized resource for historical analysis. It helps make comprehensible the complicated relations between races. By demonstrating the relevance of music to the history of race relations, this thesis also suggests that music as a historical subject is ripe for further analysis. Title: Music and Race in the American West Author: Schneider, William Steven Year: 2017 This thesis explores the complexities of race relations in the nineteenth century American West. The groups considered here are African Americans, Anglo Americans, Chinese, Mexican Americans, and Native Americans. In recent decades historians of the West have begun to tell the narratives of racial minorities. This study adopts the aims of these scholars through a new lens--music. Ultimately, this thesis argues that historians can use music, both individual songs and broader conceptions about music, to understand the complex and contradictory race relations of the nineteenth century west. Proceeding thematically, the first chapter explores the ways Anglo Americans used music to exert their dominance and defend their superiority over minorities. The second chapter examines the ways racial minorities used music to counter Anglo American dominance and exercise their own agency. The final chapter considers the ways in which music fostered peaceful and cooperative relationships between races. Following each chapter is a short interlude which discusses the musical innovations that occurred when the groups encountered the musical heritage of one another. This study demonstrates that music is an underutilized resource for historical analysis. It helps make comprehensible the complicated relations between races. By demonstrating the relevance of music to the history of race relations, this thesis also suggests that music as a historical subject is ripe for further analysis. Close

• 37. [Article] Roving Exhibits

  Book exhibits are commonplace in most libraries, but the idea of Roving Exhibits just recently came about at the Library. In the Fall 2013, an exhibit was set up at a student event, a PowWow celebration ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Roving Exhibits Author: Salazar, Arlene Year: 2014 Book exhibits are commonplace in most libraries, but the idea of Roving Exhibits just recently came about at the Library. In the Fall 2013, an exhibit was set up at a student event, a PowWow celebration of native oral tradition, sponsored by the Native American Student Association. The exhibit was a culmination of collection development efforts on the part of the education liaison, who is also in charge of the juvenile collection, over the course of 5 years. Continuation and expansion of roving exhibits will provide an opportunity for the library to physically take in-library exhibits out to the university community so that they can see all the library has to offer related to their interests. Looking for possible exhibit opportunities also prompts librarians to ensure adequate material is related to various student organizations and events. Many attendees at the PowWow exhibit commented that they didn't even realize the library had such resources or a juvenile collection. Title: Roving Exhibits Author: Salazar, Arlene Year: 2014 Book exhibits are commonplace in most libraries, but the idea of Roving Exhibits just recently came about at the Library. In the Fall 2013, an exhibit was set up at a student event, a PowWow celebration of native oral tradition, sponsored by the Native American Student Association. The exhibit was a culmination of collection development efforts on the part of the education liaison, who is also in charge of the juvenile collection, over the course of 5 years. Continuation and expansion of roving exhibits will provide an opportunity for the library to physically take in-library exhibits out to the university community so that they can see all the library has to offer related to their interests. Looking for possible exhibit opportunities also prompts librarians to ensure adequate material is related to various student organizations and events. Many attendees at the PowWow exhibit commented that they didn't even realize the library had such resources or a juvenile collection. Close

• 38. [Article] Intelligence Testing of American Indian Children: Sidesteps in Quest of Ethical Practice

  Previous literature reviews are updated. Recent findings impugn the WISC-R internal consistency and document item bias for American Indian children. A pattern of Spatial > Sequential > Conceptual > Acquired ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Intelligence Testing of American Indian Children: Sidesteps in Quest of Ethical Practice Author: Dana, Richard H. Year: 1984 Previous literature reviews are updated. Recent findings impugn the WISC-R internal consistency and document item bias for American Indian children. A pattern of Spatial > Sequential > Conceptual > Acquired Knowledge holds across ages, tribes, and heterogeneous referral sources, except for acculturated children. Kaufman's three factors are replaced by Verbal and Performance factors for Papago and Navajo children. A culturally-learned basis for intellectual functioning among traditional children supports alternative assessment functions for traditional reservation lifestyle and for acculturation and entree into mainstream society. Performance measures, SOMPA, Piagetian and Luria-derived tasks may ultimately provide less biased intelligence estimates. Recent legislation outlines ethical practice although assessors are still making do with conventional measures that are ethically-questionable and discriminatory. Suggestions for increasing awareness of responsible practice include training in cultural contents and constant monitoring of research findings. Title: Intelligence Testing of American Indian Children: Sidesteps in Quest of Ethical Practice Author: Dana, Richard H. Year: 1984 Previous literature reviews are updated. Recent findings impugn the WISC-R internal consistency and document item bias for American Indian children. A pattern of Spatial > Sequential > Conceptual > Acquired Knowledge holds across ages, tribes, and heterogeneous referral sources, except for acculturated children. Kaufman's three factors are replaced by Verbal and Performance factors for Papago and Navajo children. A culturally-learned basis for intellectual functioning among traditional children supports alternative assessment functions for traditional reservation lifestyle and for acculturation and entree into mainstream society. Performance measures, SOMPA, Piagetian and Luria-derived tasks may ultimately provide less biased intelligence estimates. Recent legislation outlines ethical practice although assessors are still making do with conventional measures that are ethically-questionable and discriminatory. Suggestions for increasing awareness of responsible practice include training in cultural contents and constant monitoring of research findings. Close

• 39. [Article] Iktomi: A Character Traits Analysis of a Dakota Culture Myth

  This qualitative study comparing three separate English-language versions of a single Dakota cultural myth "Iktomi" presents a novel systematic approach for analyzing Native American folk tales to understand ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Iktomi: A Character Traits Analysis of a Dakota Culture Myth Author: Kastner, Marianne Sue Year: 2012 This qualitative study comparing three separate English-language versions of a single Dakota cultural myth "Iktomi" presents a novel systematic approach for analyzing Native American folk tales to understand how stories function as tools of transmission of cultural information and knowledge. The method involved coding character traits according to type with regard to representation, ability, or attribute to ascertain patterns among the codes and elucidate character roles and relationships, reorganizing the coded traits into paired polarized correspondences to clarify relationships among traits, and assessing pronoun use and documenter effect pointing to gender-specific character activity. Findings revealed an encoded framework illuminating how the tale is used to represent progressive stages in the Dakota vision quest. Analysis using simple word counts of character traits produced emergent patterns disclosing a male-specific focus on character activities with additional evidence delineating a framework for the vision quest traditionally regarded tribally as a male rite of passage. Title: Iktomi: A Character Traits Analysis of a Dakota Culture Myth Author: Kastner, Marianne Sue Year: 2012 This qualitative study comparing three separate English-language versions of a single Dakota cultural myth "Iktomi" presents a novel systematic approach for analyzing Native American folk tales to understand how stories function as tools of transmission of cultural information and knowledge. The method involved coding character traits according to type with regard to representation, ability, or attribute to ascertain patterns among the codes and elucidate character roles and relationships, reorganizing the coded traits into paired polarized correspondences to clarify relationships among traits, and assessing pronoun use and documenter effect pointing to gender-specific character activity. Findings revealed an encoded framework illuminating how the tale is used to represent progressive stages in the Dakota vision quest. Analysis using simple word counts of character traits produced emergent patterns disclosing a male-specific focus on character activities with additional evidence delineating a framework for the vision quest traditionally regarded tribally as a male rite of passage. Close

• 40. [Article] Variations in the Life Histories of Incarcerated Parents by Race and Ethnicity: Implications for Service Provision

  Incarcerated parents have complex life histories that often remain unresolved during incarceration, can continue to create barriers to prosocial success on release, and present similar intergenerational ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Variations in the Life Histories of Incarcerated Parents by Race and Ethnicity: Implications for Service Provision Author: Miller, Keva M., Eddy, J. Mark, Borja, Sharon, Lazzari, Sarah R. Year: 1905 Incarcerated parents have complex life histories that often remain unresolved during incarceration, can continue to create barriers to prosocial success on release, and present similar intergenerational challenges for their children. This study examines the life histories of incarcerated fathers and mothers from the Pacific Northwest and how their experiences vary based on race and ethnicity. Five areas examined were exposure to trauma, child welfare involvement, mental health and substance abuse problems, juvenile justice and adult criminal justice involvement, and intergenerational criminal justice involvement. The sample comprised 359 incarcerated parents, and their racial/ethnic composition was 59% White, 14% African American, 11% multiracial, 8% Native American, and 7% Latino. Few differences were found across racial and ethnic groups. Mothers appeared more similar to each other across groups than fathers. Results illustrated similarities yet some surprising differences with national trends on key study variables. Implications for future research and intervention and prevention are discussed. Title: Variations in the Life Histories of Incarcerated Parents by Race and Ethnicity: Implications for Service Provision Author: Miller, Keva M., Eddy, J. Mark, Borja, Sharon, Lazzari, Sarah R. Year: 1905 Incarcerated parents have complex life histories that often remain unresolved during incarceration, can continue to create barriers to prosocial success on release, and present similar intergenerational challenges for their children. This study examines the life histories of incarcerated fathers and mothers from the Pacific Northwest and how their experiences vary based on race and ethnicity. Five areas examined were exposure to trauma, child welfare involvement, mental health and substance abuse problems, juvenile justice and adult criminal justice involvement, and intergenerational criminal justice involvement. The sample comprised 359 incarcerated parents, and their racial/ethnic composition was 59% White, 14% African American, 11% multiracial, 8% Native American, and 7% Latino. Few differences were found across racial and ethnic groups. Mothers appeared more similar to each other across groups than fathers. Results illustrated similarities yet some surprising differences with national trends on key study variables. Implications for future research and intervention and prevention are discussed. Close

• 41. [Article] Towards the Identification of Lampreys (Lampetra SPP.) in Archaeological Contexts

  Lampreys were and continue to be an important resource for Native Americans in the Pacific Northwest. Lampreys possess several skeletal structures that are regularly identified in marine mammal and bird ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Towards the Identification of Lampreys (Lampetra SPP.) in Archaeological Contexts Author: Smith, Ross E., Butler, Virginia L. Year: 2008 Lampreys were and continue to be an important resource for Native Americans in the Pacific Northwest. Lampreys possess several skeletal structures that are regularly identified in marine mammal and bird stomach contents and fecal samples, suggesting that lamprey elements may preserve in archaeological contexts. However, their remains have not been identified in archaeological faunal samples in the Pacific Northwest. This may be due to the lack of an adequate "search image" for lamprey remains among faunal analysts and limited use of line screen sampling. Descriptions and photographs of lamprey remains that are most likely to survive in archaeological contexts are presented to increase awareness of lamprey anatomy. Horn-like teeth located around the lamprey oral disc are the largest and most distinctive elements that may be encountered in archaeological samples. Use of standard 1/8 in. (3.2 mm) and 1/16 in. (1.6 mm) mesh will retain elements from mature adult Pacific Lampreys. Title: Towards the Identification of Lampreys (Lampetra SPP.) in Archaeological Contexts Author: Smith, Ross E., Butler, Virginia L. Year: 2008 Lampreys were and continue to be an important resource for Native Americans in the Pacific Northwest. Lampreys possess several skeletal structures that are regularly identified in marine mammal and bird stomach contents and fecal samples, suggesting that lamprey elements may preserve in archaeological contexts. However, their remains have not been identified in archaeological faunal samples in the Pacific Northwest. This may be due to the lack of an adequate "search image" for lamprey remains among faunal analysts and limited use of line screen sampling. Descriptions and photographs of lamprey remains that are most likely to survive in archaeological contexts are presented to increase awareness of lamprey anatomy. Horn-like teeth located around the lamprey oral disc are the largest and most distinctive elements that may be encountered in archaeological samples. Use of standard 1/8 in. (3.2 mm) and 1/16 in. (1.6 mm) mesh will retain elements from mature adult Pacific Lampreys. Close

• 42. [Article] The Effects of Perceived Phenotypic Racial Stereotypicality and Social Identity Threat on Racial Minorities' Attitudes About Police

  This study examines the role of perceived phenotypic racial stereotypicality and race-based social identity threat on racial minorities’ trust and cooperation with police. We hypothesize that in police ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The Effects of Perceived Phenotypic Racial Stereotypicality and Social Identity Threat on Racial Minorities' Attitudes About Police Author: Kahn, Kimberly Barsamian, Lee, J. Katherine, Renauer, Brian, Henning, Kris R., Stewart, Greg Year: 2016 This study examines the role of perceived phenotypic racial stereotypicality and race-based social identity threat on racial minorities’ trust and cooperation with police. We hypothesize that in police interactions, racial minorities’ phenotypic racial stereotypicality may increase race-based social identity threat, which will lead to distrust and decreased participation with police. Racial minorities (Blacks, Latinos, Native Americans, and multi-racials) and Whites from a representative random sample of city residents were surveyed about policing attitudes. A serial multiple mediation model confirmed that racial minorities' self-rated phenotypic racial stereotypicality indirectly affected future cooperation through social identity threat and trust. Due to the lack of negative group stereotypes in policing, the model did not hold for Whites. This study provides evidence that phenotypic stereotypicality influences racial minorities' psychological experiences interacting with police. Title: The Effects of Perceived Phenotypic Racial Stereotypicality and Social Identity Threat on Racial Minorities' Attitudes About Police Author: Kahn, Kimberly Barsamian, Lee, J. Katherine, Renauer, Brian, Henning, Kris R., Stewart, Greg Year: 2016 This study examines the role of perceived phenotypic racial stereotypicality and race-based social identity threat on racial minorities’ trust and cooperation with police. We hypothesize that in police interactions, racial minorities’ phenotypic racial stereotypicality may increase race-based social identity threat, which will lead to distrust and decreased participation with police. Racial minorities (Blacks, Latinos, Native Americans, and multi-racials) and Whites from a representative random sample of city residents were surveyed about policing attitudes. A serial multiple mediation model confirmed that racial minorities' self-rated phenotypic racial stereotypicality indirectly affected future cooperation through social identity threat and trust. Due to the lack of negative group stereotypes in policing, the model did not hold for Whites. This study provides evidence that phenotypic stereotypicality influences racial minorities' psychological experiences interacting with police. Close

• 43. [Article] Knowledge Spaces and The Politics of Pedagogy: Politicizing Portland State University’s Environmental Education Paradigms

  I critically consider Portland State University’s Environmental Science and Management (ESM) department’s strategies in presenting Western scientific and Indigenous knowledge in regard to environmental ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Knowledge Spaces and The Politics of Pedagogy: Politicizing Portland State University’s Environmental Education Paradigms Author: Kramer, Sasha Year: 2017 I critically consider Portland State University’s Environmental Science and Management (ESM) department’s strategies in presenting Western scientific and Indigenous knowledge in regard to environmental management and interaction through the ESM department’s core curriculum. I conduct qualitative primary research through semi-structured interviews with two faculty members from the ESM department, an ESM student, and a faculty member in the Nation Studies department. The interviews illustrate the gap in the ESM’s core curriculum where multicultural perspectives are not represented. My research works to understand this gap by considering the historical, political, and economic constructs for the ways in which knowledge systems of the subaltern are marginalized. Finally, this thesis prescribes the integration of Native American traditional ecological knowledge through a focused course offered in the ESM core curriculum to counter these systems. Title: Knowledge Spaces and The Politics of Pedagogy: Politicizing Portland State University’s Environmental Education Paradigms Author: Kramer, Sasha Year: 2017 I critically consider Portland State University’s Environmental Science and Management (ESM) department’s strategies in presenting Western scientific and Indigenous knowledge in regard to environmental management and interaction through the ESM department’s core curriculum. I conduct qualitative primary research through semi-structured interviews with two faculty members from the ESM department, an ESM student, and a faculty member in the Nation Studies department. The interviews illustrate the gap in the ESM’s core curriculum where multicultural perspectives are not represented. My research works to understand this gap by considering the historical, political, and economic constructs for the ways in which knowledge systems of the subaltern are marginalized. Finally, this thesis prescribes the integration of Native American traditional ecological knowledge through a focused course offered in the ESM core curriculum to counter these systems. Close

• 44. [Article] Since Time Immemorial: The Decline of Columbia River Basin Salmon

  Since Time Immemorial: The Decline of Columbia River Basin Salmon studies the near extinction of what has been historically the world’s largest salmon population. By examining the issue systemically, my ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Since Time Immemorial: The Decline of Columbia River Basin Salmon Author: Levin, Samuel J Year: 2016 Since Time Immemorial: The Decline of Columbia River Basin Salmon studies the near extinction of what has been historically the world’s largest salmon population. By examining the issue systemically, my paper reveals that the environmental misjudgments that have brought the salmon so near extinction are not isolated, but rather are the product of cultural trends. A study of these misjudgments reveals a culture within the Columbia Basin that has, since the mid-19th century, sought expansion for expansion’s sake and valued short-term wealth over long-term sustainability. My paper illustrates how his philosophy has guided and continues to guide Columbia Basin fisheries management to neglect not just environmental and Native American considerations, but pragmatic ones as well. Title: Since Time Immemorial: The Decline of Columbia River Basin Salmon Author: Levin, Samuel J Year: 2016 Since Time Immemorial: The Decline of Columbia River Basin Salmon studies the near extinction of what has been historically the world’s largest salmon population. By examining the issue systemically, my paper reveals that the environmental misjudgments that have brought the salmon so near extinction are not isolated, but rather are the product of cultural trends. A study of these misjudgments reveals a culture within the Columbia Basin that has, since the mid-19th century, sought expansion for expansion’s sake and valued short-term wealth over long-term sustainability. My paper illustrates how his philosophy has guided and continues to guide Columbia Basin fisheries management to neglect not just environmental and Native American considerations, but pragmatic ones as well. Close

• 45. [Article] A Most Sacred Place: The Significance of Crater Lake among the Indians of Southern Oregon

  Discusses the Native American view of Crater Lake, Oregon, as a place of religious significance and the misunderstandings with whites as to its importance to Oregon's Indian tribes. Created some 6,500 ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: A Most Sacred Place: The Significance of Crater Lake among the Indians of Southern Oregon Author: Deur, Douglas Year: 2002 Discusses the Native American view of Crater Lake, Oregon, as a place of religious significance and the misunderstandings with whites as to its importance to Oregon's Indian tribes. Created some 6,500 years ago by volcanic eruption, CraterLake has long been seen by Indians as a sacred place. Their hunting, berry gathering, and vision quests in the lake area were tied to their religious view of the lake. Since the 1850's, whites have treated the lake with a lack of understanding of its significance to the Klamath tribes. The National Park Service restricted hunting and charged Indians fees to pass through it. In the late 20th century federal agencies showed more sensitivity to Indian concerns about recreational use of the lake, misuse of the land, and the tribal history of the area. Title: A Most Sacred Place: The Significance of Crater Lake among the Indians of Southern Oregon Author: Deur, Douglas Year: 2002 Discusses the Native American view of Crater Lake, Oregon, as a place of religious significance and the misunderstandings with whites as to its importance to Oregon's Indian tribes. Created some 6,500 years ago by volcanic eruption, CraterLake has long been seen by Indians as a sacred place. Their hunting, berry gathering, and vision quests in the lake area were tied to their religious view of the lake. Since the 1850's, whites have treated the lake with a lack of understanding of its significance to the Klamath tribes. The National Park Service restricted hunting and charged Indians fees to pass through it. In the late 20th century federal agencies showed more sensitivity to Indian concerns about recreational use of the lake, misuse of the land, and the tribal history of the area. Close

• 46. [Article] Ethnic Minorities in Portland: A 1990 Census Profile

  In the last two years, Portlanders of all backgrounds have begun to pay serious attention to the problems and opportunities created by the increasing racial and ethnic diversity of their metropolitan area. ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Ethnic Minorities in Portland: A 1990 Census Profile Author: Abbott, Carl Year: 1991 In the last two years, Portlanders of all backgrounds have begun to pay serious attention to the problems and opportunities created by the increasing racial and ethnic diversity of their metropolitan area. The Oregonian and the broadcast media have focused a number of stories and reports on racial relations and racial tensions. The broad-based strategic planning efforts of the Civic Index project (1989-90) and the Portland Future Focus planning program (1990-91) have pinpointed racial and ethnic relations as one of the central issues that will determine the quality of life in the growing metropolis. The City Club of Portland is preparing a series of reports on "Racial and Ethnic Relations in Portland" with attention to areas such as education, public welfare, law enforcement, and civic participation. It is important that these discussions are grounded on a solid factual base that answers such fundamental questions as "who" and "where." As a contribution to the discussion, the School of Urban and Public Affairs at Portland State University has prepared this "census profile" of minority groups in the tri-county Portland area. Despite some well-publicized problems with response rates, the 1990 Census is the most thorough, current, and comprehensive source of information for comparing the characteristics of ethnic groups. This report summarizes information on four racial groups and one ethnic minority group. The racial groups, to use the census terminology, are "white," "black," "American Indian, Eskimo, and Aleut," and "Asian and Pacific Islander." The one ethnic group consists of persons of "Hispanic origin." Since Hispanics may be of any race, members of this group overlap the racial categories. There are strong feelings about the appropriate use of names for racial groups. This report has chosen to use "African-American" for "black" and "Native American" for "American Indian, Eskimo, and Aleut." The information that is reported and analyzed is only a fraction of the data that will ultimately be available from census publications and data tapes. However, it provides a common starting point for pursuing the discussions about equitable relations among racial and ethnic groups that will be so important for Portland's future. Title: Ethnic Minorities in Portland: A 1990 Census Profile Author: Abbott, Carl Year: 1991 In the last two years, Portlanders of all backgrounds have begun to pay serious attention to the problems and opportunities created by the increasing racial and ethnic diversity of their metropolitan area. The Oregonian and the broadcast media have focused a number of stories and reports on racial relations and racial tensions. The broad-based strategic planning efforts of the Civic Index project (1989-90) and the Portland Future Focus planning program (1990-91) have pinpointed racial and ethnic relations as one of the central issues that will determine the quality of life in the growing metropolis. The City Club of Portland is preparing a series of reports on "Racial and Ethnic Relations in Portland" with attention to areas such as education, public welfare, law enforcement, and civic participation. It is important that these discussions are grounded on a solid factual base that answers such fundamental questions as "who" and "where." As a contribution to the discussion, the School of Urban and Public Affairs at Portland State University has prepared this "census profile" of minority groups in the tri-county Portland area. Despite some well-publicized problems with response rates, the 1990 Census is the most thorough, current, and comprehensive source of information for comparing the characteristics of ethnic groups. This report summarizes information on four racial groups and one ethnic minority group. The racial groups, to use the census terminology, are "white," "black," "American Indian, Eskimo, and Aleut," and "Asian and Pacific Islander." The one ethnic group consists of persons of "Hispanic origin." Since Hispanics may be of any race, members of this group overlap the racial categories. There are strong feelings about the appropriate use of names for racial groups. This report has chosen to use "African-American" for "black" and "Native American" for "American Indian, Eskimo, and Aleut." The information that is reported and analyzed is only a fraction of the data that will ultimately be available from census publications and data tapes. However, it provides a common starting point for pursuing the discussions about equitable relations among racial and ethnic groups that will be so important for Portland's future. Close

• 47. [Article] Radicalism in American Political Thought : Black Power, the Black Panthers, and the American Creed

  American Political Thought has presented somewhat of a challenge to many because of the conflict between the ideals found within the "American Creed" and the reality of America's treatment of ethnic and ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Radicalism in American Political Thought : Black Power, the Black Panthers, and the American Creed Author: Cooney, Christopher Thomas Year: 2007 American Political Thought has presented somewhat of a challenge to many because of the conflict between the ideals found within the "American Creed" and the reality of America's treatment of ethnic and social minorities. The various forms of marginalization and oppression facing women, blacks, Native Americans, and Asian-Americans have been as much a part of the story of America as have been natural rights and the Constitution. Taking this into account, this thesis is an effort to argue that the radicalism on display in the Black Panther Party, a group that emerged in the turmoil of the 1960' s, was a direct descendant of the ideas found within the Black Power movement. It will be argued that these militant critiques of American society were radical, but were not so radical as to be viewed as outside of the context provided by the ideals found in the American Creed. In order to do so, it will be necessary first to present and analyze the various approaches toward explaining the content and nature of the American Creed. The Creed will be presented as separate from American political reality, as an ideal type. As a result it appears to be a rather amorphous tool which can be used both by supporters of a more robust realization of the Creed's ideals and those who wish to limit the scope of these ideals. Having discussed these approaches toward the American Creed, a discussion of radical political ideas will serve to introduce the Black Power movement and the later Black Panther Party. It will be argued that the radical ideas on display were born out of a frustration with American society, but were at the same time an endorsement of the American Creed. It will be concluded that the American Creed is a powerful force acting upon American political thought, so powerful that even those who should rationally reject the Creed forcefully embrace it. Title: Radicalism in American Political Thought : Black Power, the Black Panthers, and the American Creed Author: Cooney, Christopher Thomas Year: 2007 American Political Thought has presented somewhat of a challenge to many because of the conflict between the ideals found within the "American Creed" and the reality of America's treatment of ethnic and social minorities. The various forms of marginalization and oppression facing women, blacks, Native Americans, and Asian-Americans have been as much a part of the story of America as have been natural rights and the Constitution. Taking this into account, this thesis is an effort to argue that the radicalism on display in the Black Panther Party, a group that emerged in the turmoil of the 1960' s, was a direct descendant of the ideas found within the Black Power movement. It will be argued that these militant critiques of American society were radical, but were not so radical as to be viewed as outside of the context provided by the ideals found in the American Creed. In order to do so, it will be necessary first to present and analyze the various approaches toward explaining the content and nature of the American Creed. The Creed will be presented as separate from American political reality, as an ideal type. As a result it appears to be a rather amorphous tool which can be used both by supporters of a more robust realization of the Creed's ideals and those who wish to limit the scope of these ideals. Having discussed these approaches toward the American Creed, a discussion of radical political ideas will serve to introduce the Black Power movement and the later Black Panther Party. It will be argued that the radical ideas on display were born out of a frustration with American society, but were at the same time an endorsement of the American Creed. It will be concluded that the American Creed is a powerful force acting upon American political thought, so powerful that even those who should rationally reject the Creed forcefully embrace it. Close

• 48. [Article] Misconceptions of “Stupendous Antiquities” : Native American Mounds, Euro-Americans, and Racial Ideas

  Across North America, remnants exist of the ancient works of Indigenous peoples. Prime examples are the long-abandoned city of Cahokia near present-day St. Louis, Illinois, which was once a bustling city ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Misconceptions of “Stupendous Antiquities” : Native American Mounds, Euro-Americans, and Racial Ideas Author: Hart, Lily Year: 2017 Across North America, remnants exist of the ancient works of Indigenous peoples. Prime examples are the long-abandoned city of Cahokia near present-day St. Louis, Illinois, which was once a bustling city larger than London in 1200 AD. In Cahokia, there are mounds that are as high as one hundred feet and a “Woodhenge” that functions as a calendar. Despite these impressive displays of engineering, urban planning, and understanding of astronomy, Cahokia was not protected as a National Historic Landmark until 1964--this late protection was the case for many of the mounds across America. Many mounds were plowed over and pueblos decayed before this happened. Non-natives attributed these works to other cultures, from Hindus to the Lost Tribes of Israel to the Welsh to aliens. Anglo-Americans of the time were faced with somewhat of a conundrum. They wanted to have antiquities as grand as Rome’s, yet they also did not want to admit that these antiquities were built by people that were Indigenous to the Americas. It was rare that a scholar of the time was willing to state that these works were built by the Indigenous inhabitants of North America in the nineteenth century. Oftentimes these theories functioned as a way to dismiss what they called the Indian as savage and incapable of constructing ancient cities; some scholars even put forth that the Indian drove away the people that had constructed the mounds. This thesis puts forth that this way of thinking--the combination of false theories, dismissal of the mounds, and the feeling that the mounds belonged to the white inhabitants of America caused these sites to be neglected. The study of the misconceptions and neglect of the mounds in the nineteenth century demonstrates the attitudes towards race at the time. Title: Misconceptions of “Stupendous Antiquities” : Native American Mounds, Euro-Americans, and Racial Ideas Author: Hart, Lily Year: 2017 Across North America, remnants exist of the ancient works of Indigenous peoples. Prime examples are the long-abandoned city of Cahokia near present-day St. Louis, Illinois, which was once a bustling city larger than London in 1200 AD. In Cahokia, there are mounds that are as high as one hundred feet and a “Woodhenge” that functions as a calendar. Despite these impressive displays of engineering, urban planning, and understanding of astronomy, Cahokia was not protected as a National Historic Landmark until 1964--this late protection was the case for many of the mounds across America. Many mounds were plowed over and pueblos decayed before this happened. Non-natives attributed these works to other cultures, from Hindus to the Lost Tribes of Israel to the Welsh to aliens. Anglo-Americans of the time were faced with somewhat of a conundrum. They wanted to have antiquities as grand as Rome’s, yet they also did not want to admit that these antiquities were built by people that were Indigenous to the Americas. It was rare that a scholar of the time was willing to state that these works were built by the Indigenous inhabitants of North America in the nineteenth century. Oftentimes these theories functioned as a way to dismiss what they called the Indian as savage and incapable of constructing ancient cities; some scholars even put forth that the Indian drove away the people that had constructed the mounds. This thesis puts forth that this way of thinking--the combination of false theories, dismissal of the mounds, and the feeling that the mounds belonged to the white inhabitants of America caused these sites to be neglected. The study of the misconceptions and neglect of the mounds in the nineteenth century demonstrates the attitudes towards race at the time. Close

• 49. [Article] Trauma-Informed Research and Planning: Understanding Government and Urban Native Community Partnerships to Addressing Substance-Exposed Pregnancies in Portland, OR

  In 2011, representatives from the Multnomah County Health Departments and several Native-serving organizations came together to address substance-exposed pregnancies among urban Native Americans in Portland, ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Trauma-Informed Research and Planning: Understanding Government and Urban Native Community Partnerships to Addressing Substance-Exposed Pregnancies in Portland, OR Author: Mercier, Amanda Year: 2014 In 2011, representatives from the Multnomah County Health Departments and several Native-serving organizations came together to address substance-exposed pregnancies among urban Native Americans in Portland, Oregon. From these partnerships, the Future Generations Collaborative was formed representing a significant shift toward community-led maternal child health research and planning. Additionally, the Future Generations Collaborative adopted a historical trauma-informed community based participatory research and planning process. This is particularly significant considering government agencies' role in colonization within Native communities. The purpose of this case study is to explore partnerships between government agencies and the Portland Native community within the Future Generations Collaborative. Given the profound influence of historical trauma in Native communities, this paper addresses how the partnerships between government agencies and the Portland Native community pose distinct opportunities, challenges, and implications. Drawing from FGC members' lived experiences and an interdisciplinary body of research, I develop a theoretical model for explaining the government's role in creating and sustaining historical trauma within Native communities. This analysis provides critical context for examining the impact of historical trauma on the relationships between government agencies and the Portland Native community within the FGC. By entering methodological discussions of Native-specific community-based participatory research, this study also addresses how the use of a trauma-informed research and planning model affects the relationships between government agencies and the Portland Native community within the FGC. Title: Trauma-Informed Research and Planning: Understanding Government and Urban Native Community Partnerships to Addressing Substance-Exposed Pregnancies in Portland, OR Author: Mercier, Amanda Year: 2014 In 2011, representatives from the Multnomah County Health Departments and several Native-serving organizations came together to address substance-exposed pregnancies among urban Native Americans in Portland, Oregon. From these partnerships, the Future Generations Collaborative was formed representing a significant shift toward community-led maternal child health research and planning. Additionally, the Future Generations Collaborative adopted a historical trauma-informed community based participatory research and planning process. This is particularly significant considering government agencies' role in colonization within Native communities. The purpose of this case study is to explore partnerships between government agencies and the Portland Native community within the Future Generations Collaborative. Given the profound influence of historical trauma in Native communities, this paper addresses how the partnerships between government agencies and the Portland Native community pose distinct opportunities, challenges, and implications. Drawing from FGC members' lived experiences and an interdisciplinary body of research, I develop a theoretical model for explaining the government's role in creating and sustaining historical trauma within Native communities. This analysis provides critical context for examining the impact of historical trauma on the relationships between government agencies and the Portland Native community within the FGC. By entering methodological discussions of Native-specific community-based participatory research, this study also addresses how the use of a trauma-informed research and planning model affects the relationships between government agencies and the Portland Native community within the FGC. Close

• 50. [Article] Oral Care & Asian and Pacific Islander Communities in Oregon

  This report attempts to describe the current knowledge of oral health care access within Asian American, Native Hawaiian, and Pacific Islander communities in Oregon based on secondary data from the Oregon ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Oral Care & Asian and Pacific Islander Communities in Oregon Author: Caluya, Amira Year: 2013 This report attempts to describe the current knowledge of oral health care access within Asian American, Native Hawaiian, and Pacific Islander communities in Oregon based on secondary data from the Oregon Health Authority’s Smile Survey 2007, Smile Survey 2012; and the Coalition of Communities of Color’s 2012 report, The Asian and Pacific Islander Community in Multnomah County: An Unsettling Profile. To be clear, the 2012 survey report draft is cited most, as the 2012 survey reported more data on children of color compared to the 2007 survey. This paper also attempts to highlight the multifaceted aspects of access to care for Asian Americans, Native Hawaiians, and Pacific Islanders, from public health scholars nationwide, as well as their recommendations for moving towards health equity for these communities. It is my hope that this work provides a call for action with health care policy makers, planners, and service providers to implement systematic data collection of Oregon’s Asian American, Native Hawaiian, and Pacific Islander communities to strengthen and enhance cultural competence, improve access to care, and ultimately increase the health outcomes of a population that by 2050, will triple in growth and represent 8 percent of the U.S. population. Title: Oral Care & Asian and Pacific Islander Communities in Oregon Author: Caluya, Amira Year: 2013 This report attempts to describe the current knowledge of oral health care access within Asian American, Native Hawaiian, and Pacific Islander communities in Oregon based on secondary data from the Oregon Health Authority’s Smile Survey 2007, Smile Survey 2012; and the Coalition of Communities of Color’s 2012 report, The Asian and Pacific Islander Community in Multnomah County: An Unsettling Profile. To be clear, the 2012 survey report draft is cited most, as the 2012 survey reported more data on children of color compared to the 2007 survey. This paper also attempts to highlight the multifaceted aspects of access to care for Asian Americans, Native Hawaiians, and Pacific Islanders, from public health scholars nationwide, as well as their recommendations for moving towards health equity for these communities. It is my hope that this work provides a call for action with health care policy makers, planners, and service providers to implement systematic data collection of Oregon’s Asian American, Native Hawaiian, and Pacific Islander communities to strengthen and enhance cultural competence, improve access to care, and ultimately increase the health outcomes of a population that by 2050, will triple in growth and represent 8 percent of the U.S. population. Close