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• 1. [Article] Assessing Soil Lead Contamination at Multiple Scales in Oakland, California: Implications for Urban Agriculture and Environmental Justice

  As urban agriculture grows in popularity throughout North America, vacant lots, underutilized parks, and other open spaces are becoming prime targets for food production. In many post-industrial landscapes ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Assessing Soil Lead Contamination at Multiple Scales in Oakland, California: Implications for Urban Agriculture and Environmental Justice Author: McClintock, Nathan Year: 2012 As urban agriculture grows in popularity throughout North America, vacant lots, underutilized parks, and other open spaces are becoming prime targets for food production. In many post-industrial landscapes and in neighborhoods with a high density of old housing stock, the risk of lead (Pb) contamination at such sites is raising concerns. This paper evaluates the extent to which soil Pb contamination may be an obstacle to the expansion of urban agriculture in Oakland, California. Using a combination of soil sampling at 112 sites, GIS, “hot spot” analysis, and reconstructed land use histories, the research reveals that soil Pb concentrations are generally lower than federal screening levels of 400 ppm, but significantly higher in West Oakland, the city's oldest area and home to a predominantly low-income and African American population. Lead levels are significantly lower in the affluent, predominantly white Oakland hills. Spatial analysis at city- and neighborhood-scales reveals clusters of Pb contamination related to land use history. Site-scale analyses at 12 sites reveals a high level of variability (in some cases related to land use history) that must be taken into consideration when planning for urban agriculture. Title: Assessing Soil Lead Contamination at Multiple Scales in Oakland, California: Implications for Urban Agriculture and Environmental Justice Author: McClintock, Nathan Year: 2012 As urban agriculture grows in popularity throughout North America, vacant lots, underutilized parks, and other open spaces are becoming prime targets for food production. In many post-industrial landscapes and in neighborhoods with a high density of old housing stock, the risk of lead (Pb) contamination at such sites is raising concerns. This paper evaluates the extent to which soil Pb contamination may be an obstacle to the expansion of urban agriculture in Oakland, California. Using a combination of soil sampling at 112 sites, GIS, “hot spot” analysis, and reconstructed land use histories, the research reveals that soil Pb concentrations are generally lower than federal screening levels of 400 ppm, but significantly higher in West Oakland, the city's oldest area and home to a predominantly low-income and African American population. Lead levels are significantly lower in the affluent, predominantly white Oakland hills. Spatial analysis at city- and neighborhood-scales reveals clusters of Pb contamination related to land use history. Site-scale analyses at 12 sites reveals a high level of variability (in some cases related to land use history) that must be taken into consideration when planning for urban agriculture. Close

• 2. [Article] Orient Rural Center Plan: Community Wide Solutions

  This document represents a chapter of the West of the Sandy River Rural Plan. The focus of this chapter addresses a smaller section within the study area which is zoned Rural Center (RC). In October, 1998 ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Orient Rural Center Plan: Community Wide Solutions Author: Boylan, Patrick J., Brooks, David R., Kienholz, Donald D., Turner, M. Joseph Year: 1999 This document represents a chapter of the West of the Sandy River Rural Plan. The focus of this chapter addresses a smaller section within the study area which is zoned Rural Center (RC). In October, 1998 Community-Wide Solutions (CWS), a consulting team working with County staff, contracted to research, study, and draft a plan for the Orient Rural Center. The Orient Rural Center is an "unicorporated community" for which state law requires the County to plan (OAR 660-22). This chapter of the West of the Sandy River Rural Area Plan examines the land uses, history and possible futures for the Orient area. CWS contacted and spoke with interested citizens, held an open house in January and convened a second public meeting in February to present potential solutions to the issues raised at January's Open House. Title: Orient Rural Center Plan: Community Wide Solutions Author: Boylan, Patrick J., Brooks, David R., Kienholz, Donald D., Turner, M. Joseph Year: 1999 This document represents a chapter of the West of the Sandy River Rural Plan. The focus of this chapter addresses a smaller section within the study area which is zoned Rural Center (RC). In October, 1998 Community-Wide Solutions (CWS), a consulting team working with County staff, contracted to research, study, and draft a plan for the Orient Rural Center. The Orient Rural Center is an "unicorporated community" for which state law requires the County to plan (OAR 660-22). This chapter of the West of the Sandy River Rural Area Plan examines the land uses, history and possible futures for the Orient area. CWS contacted and spoke with interested citizens, held an open house in January and convened a second public meeting in February to present potential solutions to the issues raised at January's Open House. Close

• 3. [Article] Historical Vegetation of Three Salmon-Bearing Watersheds in the Interior Columbia River Basin

  Land use practices can be a contributing factor to environmental degradation and have been the focus of many ecological studies. One aspect that is less addressed is land use history and the effects that ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Historical Vegetation of Three Salmon-Bearing Watersheds in the Interior Columbia River Basin Author: Smith, Tyanna Year: 2014 Land use practices can be a contributing factor to environmental degradation and have been the focus of many ecological studies. One aspect that is less addressed is land use history and the effects that past practices, such as logging and grazing, can have on the current landscape. This paper describes research and the synthesis of material on the environmental history and watershed characteristics for three watersheds located within spawning and rearing areas for Chinook salmon in the Grande Ronde River Basin in Northeast Oregon: upper Grande Ronde River, Catherine Creek, and Minam River. The Grande Ronde Basin is critical spawning and rearing habitat for salmonids listed under the Endangered Species Act. The primary historical data sources for reconstructing 19th century stream and riparian conditions are the General Land Office township survey notes from 1863 - 1901. Data about the habitat conditions of the landscape were extracted from notes of each township survey source regarding vegetation, stream crossings, and other features found on the landscape in tabular and spatial forms. Data were organized to describe common stream and riparian conditions for the historical time period using a geographic information system. Watershed basin, Chinook salmon life history, ecoregion and surveyor were analyzed using multivariate techniques to determine which parameters were strongly connected to historical vegetation. Ecoregion had the strongest correlation with plant communities. For future research, these historical data could be compared to current habitat survey data, such as the Oregon Department of Fish & Wildlife’s Aquatic Habitat Inventories, to evaluate the degree of change over time of stream and riparian conditions. Title: Historical Vegetation of Three Salmon-Bearing Watersheds in the Interior Columbia River Basin Author: Smith, Tyanna Year: 2014 Land use practices can be a contributing factor to environmental degradation and have been the focus of many ecological studies. One aspect that is less addressed is land use history and the effects that past practices, such as logging and grazing, can have on the current landscape. This paper describes research and the synthesis of material on the environmental history and watershed characteristics for three watersheds located within spawning and rearing areas for Chinook salmon in the Grande Ronde River Basin in Northeast Oregon: upper Grande Ronde River, Catherine Creek, and Minam River. The Grande Ronde Basin is critical spawning and rearing habitat for salmonids listed under the Endangered Species Act. The primary historical data sources for reconstructing 19th century stream and riparian conditions are the General Land Office township survey notes from 1863 - 1901. Data about the habitat conditions of the landscape were extracted from notes of each township survey source regarding vegetation, stream crossings, and other features found on the landscape in tabular and spatial forms. Data were organized to describe common stream and riparian conditions for the historical time period using a geographic information system. Watershed basin, Chinook salmon life history, ecoregion and surveyor were analyzed using multivariate techniques to determine which parameters were strongly connected to historical vegetation. Ecoregion had the strongest correlation with plant communities. For future research, these historical data could be compared to current habitat survey data, such as the Oregon Department of Fish & Wildlife’s Aquatic Habitat Inventories, to evaluate the degree of change over time of stream and riparian conditions. Close

• 4. [Article] Tree Growth and Spatial Pattern in Two Forest Park Permanent Plots: A Look at Stand Composition and Condition

  In June of 2010, two permanent research plots were established in Forest Park, based on their differing proximities to downtown Portland, Oregon. As part of a long-term ecological research project that ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Tree Growth and Spatial Pattern in Two Forest Park Permanent Plots: A Look at Stand Composition and Condition Author: McDonald, Hannah Beth Year: 2011 In June of 2010, two permanent research plots were established in Forest Park, based on their differing proximities to downtown Portland, Oregon. As part of a long-term ecological research project that seeks to explore the ecological status and human thumbprint on this 5,100 acre forested reserve, the 2010 tree data was investigated for emergent compositional and spatial patterns. Stand composition, tree size, growth rates, and spatial patterns were analyzed, along with ecological and land use histories. Results indicate that the Balch plot, more closely located to the urban center, has different stand composition, condition, and vegetation growth rates, compared to the more rural Miller site. This study supports findings from a study done by Broshot in 2009, where more urban plots demonstrate a different stand composition and recruitment pattern than rural sites. The study is an initial step for exploring questions regarding the ecological status of Forest Park and how land use and disturbance, past and present, shape Portland's forested reserve. Title: Tree Growth and Spatial Pattern in Two Forest Park Permanent Plots: A Look at Stand Composition and Condition Author: McDonald, Hannah Beth Year: 2011 In June of 2010, two permanent research plots were established in Forest Park, based on their differing proximities to downtown Portland, Oregon. As part of a long-term ecological research project that seeks to explore the ecological status and human thumbprint on this 5,100 acre forested reserve, the 2010 tree data was investigated for emergent compositional and spatial patterns. Stand composition, tree size, growth rates, and spatial patterns were analyzed, along with ecological and land use histories. Results indicate that the Balch plot, more closely located to the urban center, has different stand composition, condition, and vegetation growth rates, compared to the more rural Miller site. This study supports findings from a study done by Broshot in 2009, where more urban plots demonstrate a different stand composition and recruitment pattern than rural sites. The study is an initial step for exploring questions regarding the ecological status of Forest Park and how land use and disturbance, past and present, shape Portland's forested reserve. Close

• 5. [Article] Long-Term Integrated Studies Show Complex and Surprising Effects of Climate Change in the Northern Hardwood Forest

  Evaluations of the local effects of global change are often confounded by the interactions of natural and anthropogenic factors that overshadow the effects of climate changes on ecosystems. Long-term watershed ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Long-Term Integrated Studies Show Complex and Surprising Effects of Climate Change in the Northern Hardwood Forest Author: Groffman, Peter M., Rustad, Lindsay E., Templer, Pamela H., Campbell, John L., Christenson, Lynn M., Lany, Nina K., Socci, Anne M., Vadeboncoeur, Matthew A., Schaberg, Paul G., Wilson, Geoffrey W., Driscoll, Charles T., Fahey, Timothy J., Fisk, Melany C., Goodale, Christine L., Green, Mark B., Hamburg, Steven P., Johnson, Chris E., Mitchell, Mryon J., Morse, Jennifer L., Pardo, Linda H., Rodenhouse, Nicholas L. Year: 2012 Evaluations of the local effects of global change are often confounded by the interactions of natural and anthropogenic factors that overshadow the effects of climate changes on ecosystems. Long-term watershed and natural elevation gradient studies at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest and in the surrounding region show surprising results demonstrating the effects of climate change on hydrologic variables (e.g., evapotranspiration, streamflow, soil moisture); the importance of changes in phenology on water, carbon, and nitrogen fluxes during critical seasonal transition periods; winter climate change effects on plant and animal community composition and ecosystem services; and the effects of anthropogenic disturbances and land-use history on plant community composition. These studies highlight the value of long-term integrated research for assessments of the subtle effects of changing climate on complex ecosystems Title: Long-Term Integrated Studies Show Complex and Surprising Effects of Climate Change in the Northern Hardwood Forest Author: Groffman, Peter M., Rustad, Lindsay E., Templer, Pamela H., Campbell, John L., Christenson, Lynn M., Lany, Nina K., Socci, Anne M., Vadeboncoeur, Matthew A., Schaberg, Paul G., Wilson, Geoffrey W., Driscoll, Charles T., Fahey, Timothy J., Fisk, Melany C., Goodale, Christine L., Green, Mark B., Hamburg, Steven P., Johnson, Chris E., Mitchell, Mryon J., Morse, Jennifer L., Pardo, Linda H., Rodenhouse, Nicholas L. Year: 2012 Evaluations of the local effects of global change are often confounded by the interactions of natural and anthropogenic factors that overshadow the effects of climate changes on ecosystems. Long-term watershed and natural elevation gradient studies at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest and in the surrounding region show surprising results demonstrating the effects of climate change on hydrologic variables (e.g., evapotranspiration, streamflow, soil moisture); the importance of changes in phenology on water, carbon, and nitrogen fluxes during critical seasonal transition periods; winter climate change effects on plant and animal community composition and ecosystem services; and the effects of anthropogenic disturbances and land-use history on plant community composition. These studies highlight the value of long-term integrated research for assessments of the subtle effects of changing climate on complex ecosystems Close

• 6. [Article] Divergent Carbon Dynamics under Climate Change in Forests with Diverse Soils, Tree Species, and Land Use Histories

  Accounting for both climate change and natural disturbances—which typically result in greenhouse gas emissions—is necessary to begin managing forest carbon sequestration. Gaining a complete understanding ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Divergent Carbon Dynamics under Climate Change in Forests with Diverse Soils, Tree Species, and Land Use Histories Author: Scheller, Robert M., Kretchun, Alec M., Van Tuyl, Steve, Clark, Kenneth L., Lucash, Melissa S., Hom, John Year: 2012 Accounting for both climate change and natural disturbances—which typically result in greenhouse gas emissions—is necessary to begin managing forest carbon sequestration. Gaining a complete understanding of forest carbon dynamics is, however, challenging in systems characterized by historic over-utilization, diverse soils and tree species, and frequent disturbance. In order to elucidate the cascading effects of potential climate change on such systems, we projected forest carbon dynamics, including soil carbon changes, and shifts in tree species composition as a consequence of wildfires and climate change in the New Jersey pine barrens (NJPB) over the next 100 years. To do so, we used the LANDIS-II succession and disturbance model combined with the CENTURY soil model. The model was calibrated and validated using data from three eddy flux towers and the available empirical or literature data. Our results suggest that climate change will not appreciably increase fire sizes and intensity. The recovery of C stocks following substantial disturbances at the turn of the 20th century will play a limited but important role in this system. In areas characterized by high soil water holding capacity, reduced soil moisture may lead to lower total C and these forests may switch from being carbon sinks to becoming carbon neutral towards the latter part of the 21st century. In contrast, other areas characterized by lower soil water holding capacity and drought tolerant species are projected to experience relatively little change over the next 100 years. Across all soil types, however, the regeneration of many key tree species may decline leading to longer-term (beyond 2100) risks to forest C. These divergent responses were largely a function of the dominant tree species, and their respective temperature and soil moisture tolerances, and soil water holding capacity. In summary, the system is initially C conservative but by the end of the 21st century, there is increasing risk of de-stabilization due to declining growth and regeneration. Title: Divergent Carbon Dynamics under Climate Change in Forests with Diverse Soils, Tree Species, and Land Use Histories Author: Scheller, Robert M., Kretchun, Alec M., Van Tuyl, Steve, Clark, Kenneth L., Lucash, Melissa S., Hom, John Year: 2012 Accounting for both climate change and natural disturbances—which typically result in greenhouse gas emissions—is necessary to begin managing forest carbon sequestration. Gaining a complete understanding of forest carbon dynamics is, however, challenging in systems characterized by historic over-utilization, diverse soils and tree species, and frequent disturbance. In order to elucidate the cascading effects of potential climate change on such systems, we projected forest carbon dynamics, including soil carbon changes, and shifts in tree species composition as a consequence of wildfires and climate change in the New Jersey pine barrens (NJPB) over the next 100 years. To do so, we used the LANDIS-II succession and disturbance model combined with the CENTURY soil model. The model was calibrated and validated using data from three eddy flux towers and the available empirical or literature data. Our results suggest that climate change will not appreciably increase fire sizes and intensity. The recovery of C stocks following substantial disturbances at the turn of the 20th century will play a limited but important role in this system. In areas characterized by high soil water holding capacity, reduced soil moisture may lead to lower total C and these forests may switch from being carbon sinks to becoming carbon neutral towards the latter part of the 21st century. In contrast, other areas characterized by lower soil water holding capacity and drought tolerant species are projected to experience relatively little change over the next 100 years. Across all soil types, however, the regeneration of many key tree species may decline leading to longer-term (beyond 2100) risks to forest C. These divergent responses were largely a function of the dominant tree species, and their respective temperature and soil moisture tolerances, and soil water holding capacity. In summary, the system is initially C conservative but by the end of the 21st century, there is increasing risk of de-stabilization due to declining growth and regeneration. Close

• 7. [Article] How Well has Land-Use Planning Worked Under Different Governance Regimes? A Case Study in the Portland, OR-Vancouver, WA Metropolitan Area, USA

  We examine land use planning outcomes over a 30-year period in the Portland, OR-Vancouver, WA (USA) metropolitan area. The four-county study region enables comparisons between three Oregon counties subject ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: How Well has Land-Use Planning Worked Under Different Governance Regimes? A Case Study in the Portland, OR-Vancouver, WA Metropolitan Area, USA Author: Kline, Jeffrey D., Thiers, Paul R., Ozawa, Connie P., Yeakley, J. Alan, Gordon, Sean N. Year: 2014 We examine land use planning outcomes over a 30-year period in the Portland, OR-Vancouver, WA (USA) metropolitan area. The four-county study region enables comparisons between three Oregon counties subject to Oregon’s 1973 Land Use Act (Senate Bill 100) and Clark County, WA which implemented land use planning under Washington’s 1990 Growth Management Act. We describe county-level historical land uses from the mid-1970s to the mid-2000s, including low-density residential and urban development, both outside and inside of current urban growth boundaries. We use difference-in-differences models to test whether differences in the proportions of developed land resulting from implementation of urban growth boundaries are statistically significant and whether they vary between Oregon and Washington. Our results suggest that land use planning and urban growth boundaries now mandated both in Oregon and Washington portions of the study area have had a measurable and statistically significant effect in containing development and conserving forest and agricultural lands in the Portland-Vancouver metropolitan area. Our results also suggest, however, that these effects differ across the four study-area counties, likely owing in part to differences in counties’ initial levels of development, distinctly different land use planning histories, and how restrictive their urban growth boundaries were drawn. Title: How Well has Land-Use Planning Worked Under Different Governance Regimes? A Case Study in the Portland, OR-Vancouver, WA Metropolitan Area, USA Author: Kline, Jeffrey D., Thiers, Paul R., Ozawa, Connie P., Yeakley, J. Alan, Gordon, Sean N. Year: 2014 We examine land use planning outcomes over a 30-year period in the Portland, OR-Vancouver, WA (USA) metropolitan area. The four-county study region enables comparisons between three Oregon counties subject to Oregon’s 1973 Land Use Act (Senate Bill 100) and Clark County, WA which implemented land use planning under Washington’s 1990 Growth Management Act. We describe county-level historical land uses from the mid-1970s to the mid-2000s, including low-density residential and urban development, both outside and inside of current urban growth boundaries. We use difference-in-differences models to test whether differences in the proportions of developed land resulting from implementation of urban growth boundaries are statistically significant and whether they vary between Oregon and Washington. Our results suggest that land use planning and urban growth boundaries now mandated both in Oregon and Washington portions of the study area have had a measurable and statistically significant effect in containing development and conserving forest and agricultural lands in the Portland-Vancouver metropolitan area. Our results also suggest, however, that these effects differ across the four study-area counties, likely owing in part to differences in counties’ initial levels of development, distinctly different land use planning histories, and how restrictive their urban growth boundaries were drawn. Close

• 8. [Article] Floodplains: Balancing Nature and Human Needs

  For countless years, the interaction between climatic conditions and water flow has forged the rolling hills and rivers in the metroscape. The floods that forced a deluge of water down the Columbia River ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Floodplains: Balancing Nature and Human Needs Author: Shandas, Vivek, Merrick, Meg Year: 2008 For countless years, the interaction between climatic conditions and water flow has forged the rolling hills and rivers in the metroscape. The floods that forced a deluge of water down the Columbia River between 13 and 17 thousand years ago established the fertile and absorptive landscape of the Willamette Valley. The lush vegetation controlled the regional climate and stabilized the soils, while the thirsty wetlands reduced flood potential, provided habitat, and purified the water. Over geological time, these natural processes have created ideal conditions for humans. The Pacific Northwest was home to some of the most densely populated communities of Native Americans, due partly to mild climate, plentiful water, and abundant sources of food and shelter. In the 19th century, Anglo settlers flooded the region for the same amenities, which continues to create ideal conditions for all that the region is known for today, including hiking, kayaking, and sailing - not to mention the provision of climate, topography, and fertile soils for growing some of the world?s best wines! Land surveys from the 1860s suggest that the current form of the metroscape started to take shape at the end of the 19th century. The conifers, alders, and maples that covered the region were slowly removed to make way for new urban settlements, and wetlands were drained to create farms and agricultural areas. In this atlas, we journey 140 years into the past to examine how and where the metroscape has changed. Our aim is to illustrate historic flooding of the region, and ponder what changes might mean to its future. Title: Floodplains: Balancing Nature and Human Needs Author: Shandas, Vivek, Merrick, Meg Year: 2008 For countless years, the interaction between climatic conditions and water flow has forged the rolling hills and rivers in the metroscape. The floods that forced a deluge of water down the Columbia River between 13 and 17 thousand years ago established the fertile and absorptive landscape of the Willamette Valley. The lush vegetation controlled the regional climate and stabilized the soils, while the thirsty wetlands reduced flood potential, provided habitat, and purified the water. Over geological time, these natural processes have created ideal conditions for humans. The Pacific Northwest was home to some of the most densely populated communities of Native Americans, due partly to mild climate, plentiful water, and abundant sources of food and shelter. In the 19th century, Anglo settlers flooded the region for the same amenities, which continues to create ideal conditions for all that the region is known for today, including hiking, kayaking, and sailing - not to mention the provision of climate, topography, and fertile soils for growing some of the world?s best wines! Land surveys from the 1860s suggest that the current form of the metroscape started to take shape at the end of the 19th century. The conifers, alders, and maples that covered the region were slowly removed to make way for new urban settlements, and wetlands were drained to create farms and agricultural areas. In this atlas, we journey 140 years into the past to examine how and where the metroscape has changed. Our aim is to illustrate historic flooding of the region, and ponder what changes might mean to its future. Close

• 9. [Article] The International City Hypothesis: An Approach to the Recent History of U.S. Cities

  Differentiates between the concepts of world cities and international cities, asserting that study of international cities offers greater opportunities for research and analysis of major urban regions ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The International City Hypothesis: An Approach to the Recent History of U.S. Cities Author: Abbott, Carl Year: 1997 Differentiates between the concepts of world cities and international cities, asserting that study of international cities offers greater opportunities for research and analysis of major urban regions of the latter 20th century. The world city model emphasizes hierarchy and status based on influence and power. The international city model emphasizes numerous indicators that demonstrate a broader range of international connections, including foreign tourists, new immigration, sister-city affiliations, and multinational corporation offices. They may function as production centers, gateway cities, or transactional cities. At present, statistical data are thin, and the topic invites research by urban historians. Title: The International City Hypothesis: An Approach to the Recent History of U.S. Cities Author: Abbott, Carl Year: 1997 Differentiates between the concepts of world cities and international cities, asserting that study of international cities offers greater opportunities for research and analysis of major urban regions of the latter 20th century. The world city model emphasizes hierarchy and status based on influence and power. The international city model emphasizes numerous indicators that demonstrate a broader range of international connections, including foreign tourists, new immigration, sister-city affiliations, and multinational corporation offices. They may function as production centers, gateway cities, or transactional cities. At present, statistical data are thin, and the topic invites research by urban historians. Close

• 10. [Article] Patterns of Time, Place, and Culture: Land Use Zoning in Portland, Oregon, 1918-1924

  Until recently, few have questioned the notion that the separation of uses in land use zoning is inherently correct. Many observers of the city are now suggesting that zoning, as it has been practiced ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Patterns of Time, Place, and Culture: Land Use Zoning in Portland, Oregon, 1918-1924 Author: Merrick, Meg Year: 1998 Until recently, few have questioned the notion that the separation of uses in land use zoning is inherently correct. Many observers of the city are now suggesting that zoning, as it has been practiced in this country over the last 80 years, has created cities that are fractured and function poorly. Others propose that zoning should be reconsidered as a remedy for urban dysfunction. They suggest that the whole notion of zoning be rethought. The purpose of this study is to uncover some of the underlying rationales and methodologies that set the model for zoning. This study examines the rationales behind the classification and location of land use zones in a fast-growing area of Portland, Oregon, for its first zoning ordinance through history, culture, and geography. Between 1919 and 1924, two ordinances were prepared using two very different methodologies. The first of these was designed by nationally known consultant, Charles H. Cheney, using the latest scientific methods. After its rejection in the polls, a second ordinance was developed by a prominent group of realtors in conjunction with the city planning commission using more intuitive methods. This “realtors’ code” (MacColl 1979) was approved by the Portland electorate in 1924. Some fifty years later, the Portland planning commission would identify zoning as having played a significant role in the deterioration of the Buckman neighborhood in the study area. The comparison of the rationales and methods behind the locations of zone boundaries in both ordinances against the locations of actual uses in the study area, reveals the powerful influences of social Darwinism, laissez-faire attitudes, and newly developing social science methods on the association of zoning with the separation of uses and the land use patterns that were created. Title: Patterns of Time, Place, and Culture: Land Use Zoning in Portland, Oregon, 1918-1924 Author: Merrick, Meg Year: 1998 Until recently, few have questioned the notion that the separation of uses in land use zoning is inherently correct. Many observers of the city are now suggesting that zoning, as it has been practiced in this country over the last 80 years, has created cities that are fractured and function poorly. Others propose that zoning should be reconsidered as a remedy for urban dysfunction. They suggest that the whole notion of zoning be rethought. The purpose of this study is to uncover some of the underlying rationales and methodologies that set the model for zoning. This study examines the rationales behind the classification and location of land use zones in a fast-growing area of Portland, Oregon, for its first zoning ordinance through history, culture, and geography. Between 1919 and 1924, two ordinances were prepared using two very different methodologies. The first of these was designed by nationally known consultant, Charles H. Cheney, using the latest scientific methods. After its rejection in the polls, a second ordinance was developed by a prominent group of realtors in conjunction with the city planning commission using more intuitive methods. This “realtors’ code” (MacColl 1979) was approved by the Portland electorate in 1924. Some fifty years later, the Portland planning commission would identify zoning as having played a significant role in the deterioration of the Buckman neighborhood in the study area. The comparison of the rationales and methods behind the locations of zone boundaries in both ordinances against the locations of actual uses in the study area, reveals the powerful influences of social Darwinism, laissez-faire attitudes, and newly developing social science methods on the association of zoning with the separation of uses and the land use patterns that were created. Close

• 11. [Article] A history of the Portland waterfront between southwest Clay and Washington streets, its land use and legal problems

  Between 1845 and 1980 the Portland waterfront between southwest Washington and Clay Streets, east of Front Street, metamorphosed from wilderness to trade center, to highway, to inner-city vacant lot. No ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: A history of the Portland waterfront between southwest Clay and Washington streets, its land use and legal problems Author: Carter, Jeffrey G. Year: 1981 Between 1845 and 1980 the Portland waterfront between southwest Washington and Clay Streets, east of Front Street, metamorphosed from wilderness to trade center, to highway, to inner-city vacant lot. No place in Portland has more graphically illustrated the rapidly changing forces of the modern age in which the city has grown. For much of its history this stretch of waterfront was mired in law suits. The struggles centered on public versus private ownership. Originally dedicated as public property, but left unimproved by the city, the waterfront was usurped by private investors. Eventually, private owners allowed their property to decay prompting the public to encourage improvements. The legal battles even became reversed as private investors sought to force the sale of the waterfront to the city. Through all the confusion of legal battles this stretch of waterfront played a central role in the development and identity of Portland. It has finally become, undisputed public territory. The tension and greed of private investment have been replaced by the lack of municipal funds for aesthetic improvement and have left this stretch of land, a potentially fine and important urban park, a vacant lot. Title: A history of the Portland waterfront between southwest Clay and Washington streets, its land use and legal problems Author: Carter, Jeffrey G. Year: 1981 Between 1845 and 1980 the Portland waterfront between southwest Washington and Clay Streets, east of Front Street, metamorphosed from wilderness to trade center, to highway, to inner-city vacant lot. No place in Portland has more graphically illustrated the rapidly changing forces of the modern age in which the city has grown. For much of its history this stretch of waterfront was mired in law suits. The struggles centered on public versus private ownership. Originally dedicated as public property, but left unimproved by the city, the waterfront was usurped by private investors. Eventually, private owners allowed their property to decay prompting the public to encourage improvements. The legal battles even became reversed as private investors sought to force the sale of the waterfront to the city. Through all the confusion of legal battles this stretch of waterfront played a central role in the development and identity of Portland. It has finally become, undisputed public territory. The tension and greed of private investment have been replaced by the lack of municipal funds for aesthetic improvement and have left this stretch of land, a potentially fine and important urban park, a vacant lot. Close

• 12. [Article] The Histories of New York City’s Parks

  This is the introduction to the Journal of Planning History volume 16 issue 2, 2017.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The Histories of New York City’s Parks Author: McNeur, Catherine Year: 2017 This is the introduction to the Journal of Planning History volume 16 issue 2, 2017. Title: The Histories of New York City’s Parks Author: McNeur, Catherine Year: 2017 This is the introduction to the Journal of Planning History volume 16 issue 2, 2017. Close

• 13. [Article] The Lumberman's Frontier: Three Centuries of Land Use, Society, and Change in America's Forests

  A review of the book "The Lumberman's Frontier: Three Centuries of Land Use, Society, and Change in America's Forests," by Thomas R. Cox is presented.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The Lumberman's Frontier: Three Centuries of Land Use, Society, and Change in America's Forests Author: Lang, William L. Year: 2012 A review of the book "The Lumberman's Frontier: Three Centuries of Land Use, Society, and Change in America's Forests," by Thomas R. Cox is presented. Title: The Lumberman's Frontier: Three Centuries of Land Use, Society, and Change in America's Forests Author: Lang, William L. Year: 2012 A review of the book "The Lumberman's Frontier: Three Centuries of Land Use, Society, and Change in America's Forests," by Thomas R. Cox is presented. Close

• 14. [Article] Interview with Bob Rindy (on Goal 10)

  Interview with Bob Rindy by Sy Adler on May 16, 2017 focused on Goal 10 of Oregon's Statewide Land Use Planning Program. Bob Rindy is Legislative Coordinator for the Oregon Department of Land Conservation ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Interview with Bob Rindy (on Goal 10) Author: Rindy, Bob, Adler, Sy Year: 2017 Interview with Bob Rindy by Sy Adler on May 16, 2017 focused on Goal 10 of Oregon's Statewide Land Use Planning Program. Bob Rindy is Legislative Coordinator for the Oregon Department of Land Conservation and Development, the agency that administers the statewide land-use planning program set forth in 1973 with Senate Bill 100. Title: Interview with Bob Rindy (on Goal 10) Author: Rindy, Bob, Adler, Sy Year: 2017 Interview with Bob Rindy by Sy Adler on May 16, 2017 focused on Goal 10 of Oregon's Statewide Land Use Planning Program. Bob Rindy is Legislative Coordinator for the Oregon Department of Land Conservation and Development, the agency that administers the statewide land-use planning program set forth in 1973 with Senate Bill 100. Close

• 15. [Article] Land Use Framework Element of the CRAG Regional Plan

  The Land Use Framework Element is an element of the Regional Plan pursuant to Regional Objective II and to Section 3 of the Rules Adopting and Implementing the CRAG Goals and Objectives.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Land Use Framework Element of the CRAG Regional Plan Author: Columbia Region Association of Governments Year: 1976 The Land Use Framework Element is an element of the Regional Plan pursuant to Regional Objective II and to Section 3 of the Rules Adopting and Implementing the CRAG Goals and Objectives. Title: Land Use Framework Element of the CRAG Regional Plan Author: Columbia Region Association of Governments Year: 1976 The Land Use Framework Element is an element of the Regional Plan pursuant to Regional Objective II and to Section 3 of the Rules Adopting and Implementing the CRAG Goals and Objectives. Close

• 16. [Article] Interview with Stephen Kafoury

  Interview with Stephen Kafoury by Dillon Mahmoudi on May 29, 2015. Stephen Kafoury was an Oregon State Representative and served as the Chair of the Joint Committee on Land Use during the adoption of the ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Interview with Stephen Kafoury Author: Kafoury, Stephen, Mahmoudi, Dillon Year: 2015 Interview with Stephen Kafoury by Dillon Mahmoudi on May 29, 2015. Stephen Kafoury was an Oregon State Representative and served as the Chair of the Joint Committee on Land Use during the adoption of the statewide land use program in the early 1970s. Title: Interview with Stephen Kafoury Author: Kafoury, Stephen, Mahmoudi, Dillon Year: 2015 Interview with Stephen Kafoury by Dillon Mahmoudi on May 29, 2015. Stephen Kafoury was an Oregon State Representative and served as the Chair of the Joint Committee on Land Use during the adoption of the statewide land use program in the early 1970s. Close

• 17. [Article] Interview with Mark Greenfield (on Goal 10)

  Interview with Mark Greenfield by Jim Irvine in 2017 focused on Goal 10 of Oregon's Statewide Land Use Planning Program. Mark Greenfield is a Portland-area attorney specializing in land use. He has represented ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Interview with Mark Greenfield (on Goal 10) Author: Greenfield, Mark, Irvine, Jim Year: 2017 Interview with Mark Greenfield by Jim Irvine in 2017 focused on Goal 10 of Oregon's Statewide Land Use Planning Program. Mark Greenfield is a Portland-area attorney specializing in land use. He has represented the nonprofit organization 1000 Friends of Oregon and agencies including Tri-Met and Metro, and has served on the City of Portland Housing Advisory Committee. Title: Interview with Mark Greenfield (on Goal 10) Author: Greenfield, Mark, Irvine, Jim Year: 2017 Interview with Mark Greenfield by Jim Irvine in 2017 focused on Goal 10 of Oregon's Statewide Land Use Planning Program. Mark Greenfield is a Portland-area attorney specializing in land use. He has represented the nonprofit organization 1000 Friends of Oregon and agencies including Tri-Met and Metro, and has served on the City of Portland Housing Advisory Committee. Close

• 18. [Article] Land Use Planning in Oregon: The Quilt and the Struggle for Scale

  The history of planning in Oregon in the latter part of the 20th century is in many respects a history of the state attempting to reassert its interests in local planning and zoning after having granted ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Land Use Planning in Oregon: The Quilt and the Struggle for Scale Author: Seltzer, Ethan Year: 2012 The history of planning in Oregon in the latter part of the 20th century is in many respects a history of the state attempting to reassert its interests in local planning and zoning after having granted the power to plan and zone to local governments early in the 20th century. The Oregon land use planning program evolved as a means for ensuring that state interests in the use of resource land and the prevention of sprawl were carried out meaningfully through local planning and zoning. Rather than a single state plan, Oregon has instead relied on the "quilt" of local plans covering the state to advance state land use interests. Oregon has achieved measurable success with this approach, but many issues remain. Title: Land Use Planning in Oregon: The Quilt and the Struggle for Scale Author: Seltzer, Ethan Year: 2012 The history of planning in Oregon in the latter part of the 20th century is in many respects a history of the state attempting to reassert its interests in local planning and zoning after having granted the power to plan and zone to local governments early in the 20th century. The Oregon land use planning program evolved as a means for ensuring that state interests in the use of resource land and the prevention of sprawl were carried out meaningfully through local planning and zoning. Rather than a single state plan, Oregon has instead relied on the "quilt" of local plans covering the state to advance state land use interests. Oregon has achieved measurable success with this approach, but many issues remain. Close

• 19. [Article] Interview with James Ross

  Interview with Jim Ross by Jim Knight on June 15, 2015. Jim Ross worked in land use planning in Marion County and served as the director of the Oregon Department of Land Conservation and Development.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Interview with James Ross Author: Ross, James, Knight, Jim Year: 2015 Interview with Jim Ross by Jim Knight on June 15, 2015. Jim Ross worked in land use planning in Marion County and served as the director of the Oregon Department of Land Conservation and Development. Title: Interview with James Ross Author: Ross, James, Knight, Jim Year: 2015 Interview with Jim Ross by Jim Knight on June 15, 2015. Jim Ross worked in land use planning in Marion County and served as the director of the Oregon Department of Land Conservation and Development. Close

• 20. [Article] Interview with William Blosser

  Interview with William Blosser by Anthony Lavenda on June 16, 2015. Bill Blosser's roles in connection with Oregon's land use planning system include chairing the Land Conservation and Development Commission, ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Interview with William Blosser Author: Blosser, William, Lavenda, Anthony Year: 2015 Interview with William Blosser by Anthony Lavenda on June 16, 2015. Bill Blosser's roles in connection with Oregon's land use planning system include chairing the Land Conservation and Development Commission, the Water Resources Commission, and the Environmental Quality Commission. Title: Interview with William Blosser Author: Blosser, William, Lavenda, Anthony Year: 2015 Interview with William Blosser by Anthony Lavenda on June 16, 2015. Bill Blosser's roles in connection with Oregon's land use planning system include chairing the Land Conservation and Development Commission, the Water Resources Commission, and the Environmental Quality Commission. Close

• 21. [Article] Interview with Roger Kirchner

  Interview with Roger Kirchner by Jim Knight on August 12, 2015. Roger Kirchner was a founding staff member of the Oregon Department of Land Conservation and Development and served on the Land Conservation ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Interview with Roger Kirchner Author: Kirchner, Roger, Knight, Jim Year: 2015 Interview with Roger Kirchner by Jim Knight on August 12, 2015. Roger Kirchner was a founding staff member of the Oregon Department of Land Conservation and Development and served on the Land Conservation and Development Commission (LCDC). Title: Interview with Roger Kirchner Author: Kirchner, Roger, Knight, Jim Year: 2015 Interview with Roger Kirchner by Jim Knight on August 12, 2015. Roger Kirchner was a founding staff member of the Oregon Department of Land Conservation and Development and served on the Land Conservation and Development Commission (LCDC). Close

• 22. [Article] Interview with Burton Weast

  Interview with Burton Weast by Bob Rindy on August 18, 2015. Burton Weast was planner for Curry County in 1970. He worked as a senior lobbyist on land use issues for the League of Oregon Cities, a representative ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Interview with Burton Weast Author: Weast, Burton, Rindy, Bob Year: 2015 Interview with Burton Weast by Bob Rindy on August 18, 2015. Burton Weast was planner for Curry County in 1970. He worked as a senior lobbyist on land use issues for the League of Oregon Cities, a representative of Portland's Home Builders Association, and as a private lobbyist and consultant. Title: Interview with Burton Weast Author: Weast, Burton, Rindy, Bob Year: 2015 Interview with Burton Weast by Bob Rindy on August 18, 2015. Burton Weast was planner for Curry County in 1970. He worked as a senior lobbyist on land use issues for the League of Oregon Cities, a representative of Portland's Home Builders Association, and as a private lobbyist and consultant. Close

• 23. [Article] Interview with Janet McLennan

  Interview with Janet McLennan by Kevin Pozzi on June 11, 2015. Janet McLennan was House Counsel for the Oregon House Committee on Land Use and the Environment during the 1973 legislative session, during ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Interview with Janet McLennan Author: McLennan, Janet, Pozzi, Kevin Year: 2015 Interview with Janet McLennan by Kevin Pozzi on June 11, 2015. Janet McLennan was House Counsel for the Oregon House Committee on Land Use and the Environment during the 1973 legislative session, during the passage of Senate Bill 100. Title: Interview with Janet McLennan Author: McLennan, Janet, Pozzi, Kevin Year: 2015 Interview with Janet McLennan by Kevin Pozzi on June 11, 2015. Janet McLennan was House Counsel for the Oregon House Committee on Land Use and the Environment during the 1973 legislative session, during the passage of Senate Bill 100. Close

• 24. [Article] Interview with Lee Miller

  Interview with Lee Miller by Kevin Pozzi on August 12, 2015. Lee Miller's career in land use includes positions as Director of the Lane County Planning Department and as Chair of the Oregon Planning Director's ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Interview with Lee Miller Author: Miller, Lee, Pozzi, Kevin Year: 2015 Interview with Lee Miller by Kevin Pozzi on August 12, 2015. Lee Miller's career in land use includes positions as Director of the Lane County Planning Department and as Chair of the Oregon Planning Director's Association. Title: Interview with Lee Miller Author: Miller, Lee, Pozzi, Kevin Year: 2015 Interview with Lee Miller by Kevin Pozzi on August 12, 2015. Lee Miller's career in land use includes positions as Director of the Lane County Planning Department and as Chair of the Oregon Planning Director's Association. Close

• 25. [Article] Interview with Russell Beaton

  Interview with Russell Beaton by Jim Knight on June 18, 2015. Russ Beaton was Professor of Economics at Willamette University in Salem. He participated in drafting the widely acclaimed 1973 Oregon legislation ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Interview with Russell Beaton Author: Beaton, Russell, Knight, Jim Year: 2015 Interview with Russell Beaton by Jim Knight on June 18, 2015. Russ Beaton was Professor of Economics at Willamette University in Salem. He participated in drafting the widely acclaimed 1973 Oregon legislation on land-use planning. Title: Interview with Russell Beaton Author: Beaton, Russell, Knight, Jim Year: 2015 Interview with Russell Beaton by Jim Knight on June 18, 2015. Russ Beaton was Professor of Economics at Willamette University in Salem. He participated in drafting the widely acclaimed 1973 Oregon legislation on land-use planning. Close

• 26. [Article] Interview with Robert Cortright

  Robert Cortright was interviewed on March 9, 2017 by Ben Kahn. Bob Cortright is the Transportation Planning Coordinator for Oregon's Department of Land Conservation and Development (DLCD).

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Interview with Robert Cortright Author: Cortright, Robert, Kahn, Benjamin Year: 2017 Robert Cortright was interviewed on March 9, 2017 by Ben Kahn. Bob Cortright is the Transportation Planning Coordinator for Oregon's Department of Land Conservation and Development (DLCD). Title: Interview with Robert Cortright Author: Cortright, Robert, Kahn, Benjamin Year: 2017 Robert Cortright was interviewed on March 9, 2017 by Ben Kahn. Bob Cortright is the Transportation Planning Coordinator for Oregon's Department of Land Conservation and Development (DLCD). Close

• 27. [Article] Interview with Arnold Cogan

  Interview with Arnold Cogan by James (Jim) Sitzman on June 23, 2015. Arnold Cogan, of the community outreach firm Cogan, Owens, & Green, was Oregon's first Planning Coordinator under Governor Tom McCall, ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Interview with Arnold Cogan Author: Cogan, Arnold, Sitzman, James Year: 2015 Interview with Arnold Cogan by James (Jim) Sitzman on June 23, 2015. Arnold Cogan, of the community outreach firm Cogan, Owens, & Green, was Oregon's first Planning Coordinator under Governor Tom McCall, the first Director of the Department of Land Conservation and Development, and the first Planning Director for the Port of Portland. Title: Interview with Arnold Cogan Author: Cogan, Arnold, Sitzman, James Year: 2015 Interview with Arnold Cogan by James (Jim) Sitzman on June 23, 2015. Arnold Cogan, of the community outreach firm Cogan, Owens, & Green, was Oregon's first Planning Coordinator under Governor Tom McCall, the first Director of the Department of Land Conservation and Development, and the first Planning Director for the Port of Portland. Close

• 28. [Article] Interview with Richard Benner

  Interview with Richard Benner by Anthony Lavenda on May 14, 2015. Dick Benner served as Director of the Oregon Department of Land Conservation and Development, as staff attorney for 1000 Friends of Oregon, ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Interview with Richard Benner Author: Benner, Richard, Lavenda, Anthony Year: 2015 Interview with Richard Benner by Anthony Lavenda on May 14, 2015. Dick Benner served as Director of the Oregon Department of Land Conservation and Development, as staff attorney for 1000 Friends of Oregon, and as the executive director of the Columbia River Gorge Commission. Title: Interview with Richard Benner Author: Benner, Richard, Lavenda, Anthony Year: 2015 Interview with Richard Benner by Anthony Lavenda on May 14, 2015. Dick Benner served as Director of the Oregon Department of Land Conservation and Development, as staff attorney for 1000 Friends of Oregon, and as the executive director of the Columbia River Gorge Commission. Close

• 29. [Article] Interview with Edward Sullivan

  Interview with Edward Sullivan by Kevin Pozzi on August 20, 2015. Ed Sullivan served as Assistant County Counsel and County Counsel for Washington County and as Legal Counsel for the Governor of Oregon. ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Interview with Edward Sullivan Author: Sullivan, Edward, Pozzi, Kevin Year: 2015 Interview with Edward Sullivan by Kevin Pozzi on August 20, 2015. Ed Sullivan served as Assistant County Counsel and County Counsel for Washington County and as Legal Counsel for the Governor of Oregon. He was a board member of the Oregon Chapter of the American Planning Association and chair of the Housing Land Advocates. Title: Interview with Edward Sullivan Author: Sullivan, Edward, Pozzi, Kevin Year: 2015 Interview with Edward Sullivan by Kevin Pozzi on August 20, 2015. Ed Sullivan served as Assistant County Counsel and County Counsel for Washington County and as Legal Counsel for the Governor of Oregon. He was a board member of the Oregon Chapter of the American Planning Association and chair of the Housing Land Advocates. Close

• 30. [Article] Interview with Harold Brauner

  Interview with Harold (Hal) Brauner by Katherine Daniels on July 1, 2015. Hal Brauner served as Director of the Department of Land Conservation and Development.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Interview with Harold Brauner Author: Brauner, Harold, Daniels, Katherine Year: 2015 Interview with Harold (Hal) Brauner by Katherine Daniels on July 1, 2015. Hal Brauner served as Director of the Department of Land Conservation and Development. Title: Interview with Harold Brauner Author: Brauner, Harold, Daniels, Katherine Year: 2015 Interview with Harold (Hal) Brauner by Katherine Daniels on July 1, 2015. Hal Brauner served as Director of the Department of Land Conservation and Development. Close

• 31. [Article] Interview with John Faust

  Interview with Jack Faust by Kevin Pozzi on August 19, 2015. Jack Faust, Vice Chairman of the Land Conservation and Development Commission from 1979 to 1983, was a lawyer at the firm Schwabe, Williamson, ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Interview with John Faust Author: Faust, John, Pozzi, Kevin Year: 2015 Interview with Jack Faust by Kevin Pozzi on August 19, 2015. Jack Faust, Vice Chairman of the Land Conservation and Development Commission from 1979 to 1983, was a lawyer at the firm Schwabe, Williamson, and Wyatt in Portland Title: Interview with John Faust Author: Faust, John, Pozzi, Kevin Year: 2015 Interview with Jack Faust by Kevin Pozzi on August 19, 2015. Jack Faust, Vice Chairman of the Land Conservation and Development Commission from 1979 to 1983, was a lawyer at the firm Schwabe, Williamson, and Wyatt in Portland Close

• 32. [Article] Interview with Margaret Collins

  Interview with Margaret Collins by Jim Sitzman on May 27, 2015. Maggie Collins was an original member of the Citizen Involvement Advisory Committee, which was established by Senate Bill 100 to advise the ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Interview with Margaret Collins Author: Collins, Margaret, Sitzman, James Year: 2015 Interview with Margaret Collins by Jim Sitzman on May 27, 2015. Maggie Collins was an original member of the Citizen Involvement Advisory Committee, which was established by Senate Bill 100 to advise the Oregon Land Conservation and Development Commission on Goal 1 of the statewide planning system: citizen involvement. Title: Interview with Margaret Collins Author: Collins, Margaret, Sitzman, James Year: 2015 Interview with Margaret Collins by Jim Sitzman on May 27, 2015. Maggie Collins was an original member of the Citizen Involvement Advisory Committee, which was established by Senate Bill 100 to advise the Oregon Land Conservation and Development Commission on Goal 1 of the statewide planning system: citizen involvement. Close

• 33. [Article] Interview with Mitch Rohse

  Interview with Mitch Rohse by Jim Knight on August 6, 2015. Mitch Rohse was Planning Director of Polk County, served on the staff of the Oregon Department of Land Conservation and Development for 20 years ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Interview with Mitch Rohse Author: Rohse, Mitch, Knight, Jim Year: 2015 Interview with Mitch Rohse by Jim Knight on August 6, 2015. Mitch Rohse was Planning Director of Polk County, served on the staff of the Oregon Department of Land Conservation and Development for 20 years between 1980-2000, and worked as a planning consultant for Oregon coastal and rural counties. Title: Interview with Mitch Rohse Author: Rohse, Mitch, Knight, Jim Year: 2015 Interview with Mitch Rohse by Jim Knight on August 6, 2015. Mitch Rohse was Planning Director of Polk County, served on the staff of the Oregon Department of Land Conservation and Development for 20 years between 1980-2000, and worked as a planning consultant for Oregon coastal and rural counties. Close

• 34. [Article] Interview with Steven Schell

  Interview with Steven Schell by Jim Knight on June 24, 2015. Steve Schell was a member and vice-chair of the first appointed Oregon Land Conservation and Development Commission, 1973-76.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Interview with Steven Schell Author: Schell, Steven, Knight, Jim Year: 2015 Interview with Steven Schell by Jim Knight on June 24, 2015. Steve Schell was a member and vice-chair of the first appointed Oregon Land Conservation and Development Commission, 1973-76. Title: Interview with Steven Schell Author: Schell, Steven, Knight, Jim Year: 2015 Interview with Steven Schell by Jim Knight on June 24, 2015. Steve Schell was a member and vice-chair of the first appointed Oregon Land Conservation and Development Commission, 1973-76. Close

• 35. [Article] Interview with Brent L. Lake

  Interview with Brent Lake by Jim Knight on July 24, 2015. Brent Lake began his service with the Department of Land Conservation and Development in 1974. He helped draft twelve of the first fourteen statewide ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Interview with Brent L. Lake Author: Lake, Brent L., Knight, Jim Year: 2015 Interview with Brent Lake by Jim Knight on July 24, 2015. Brent Lake began his service with the Department of Land Conservation and Development in 1974. He helped draft twelve of the first fourteen statewide planning goals and served as a field representative of the department to cities and counties throughout Oregon. Title: Interview with Brent L. Lake Author: Lake, Brent L., Knight, Jim Year: 2015 Interview with Brent Lake by Jim Knight on July 24, 2015. Brent Lake began his service with the Department of Land Conservation and Development in 1974. He helped draft twelve of the first fourteen statewide planning goals and served as a field representative of the department to cities and counties throughout Oregon. Close

• 36. [Article] A Legacy in Land: A Primer on Realty and Reality

  In depth look at the history and impact of Oregon's Measure 37, approved by the voters in 2004. Examines all sides of the debate around land use, property rights, and conflicts between property rights ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: A Legacy in Land: A Primer on Realty and Reality Author: Perkowski, Mateusz Year: 2005 In depth look at the history and impact of Oregon's Measure 37, approved by the voters in 2004. Examines all sides of the debate around land use, property rights, and conflicts between property rights and preservation activists. Title: A Legacy in Land: A Primer on Realty and Reality Author: Perkowski, Mateusz Year: 2005 In depth look at the history and impact of Oregon's Measure 37, approved by the voters in 2004. Examines all sides of the debate around land use, property rights, and conflicts between property rights and preservation activists. Close

• 37. [Article] Interview with Robert E. Clay (on Goal 10)

  Interview with Robert E. Clay by Sy Adler on May 3, 2017 focused on Goal 10 of Oregon's Statewide Land Use Planning Program. Bob Clay is a planning consultant in Portland, Oregon who has held senior management ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Interview with Robert E. Clay (on Goal 10) Author: Clay, Robert E., Adler, Sy Year: 2017 Interview with Robert E. Clay by Sy Adler on May 3, 2017 focused on Goal 10 of Oregon's Statewide Land Use Planning Program. Bob Clay is a planning consultant in Portland, Oregon who has held senior management positions in urban planning for city, state, regional, and federal agencies since 1973. Title: Interview with Robert E. Clay (on Goal 10) Author: Clay, Robert E., Adler, Sy Year: 2017 Interview with Robert E. Clay by Sy Adler on May 3, 2017 focused on Goal 10 of Oregon's Statewide Land Use Planning Program. Bob Clay is a planning consultant in Portland, Oregon who has held senior management positions in urban planning for city, state, regional, and federal agencies since 1973. Close

• 38. [Article] Interview with Don Mazziotti (on Goal 10)

  Interview with Don Mazziotti in 2017 by Jim Irvine focused on Goal 10 of Oregon's Statewide Land Use Planning Program. Mazziotti headed the Portland Development Commission from 2001 to 2005, served as ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Interview with Don Mazziotti (on Goal 10) Author: Mazziotti, Don, Irvine, Jim Year: 2017 Interview with Don Mazziotti in 2017 by Jim Irvine focused on Goal 10 of Oregon's Statewide Land Use Planning Program. Mazziotti headed the Portland Development Commission from 2001 to 2005, served as Portland’s chief planner in the 1970s and acted as chief information officer for Oregon in the late 1990s. (Second half of interview missing.) Title: Interview with Don Mazziotti (on Goal 10) Author: Mazziotti, Don, Irvine, Jim Year: 2017 Interview with Don Mazziotti in 2017 by Jim Irvine focused on Goal 10 of Oregon's Statewide Land Use Planning Program. Mazziotti headed the Portland Development Commission from 2001 to 2005, served as Portland’s chief planner in the 1970s and acted as chief information officer for Oregon in the late 1990s. (Second half of interview missing.) Close

• 39. [Article] Interview with Fred VanNatta (on Goal 10)

  Interview with Fred VanNatta by Jim Irvine on May 15, 2017 focused on Goal 10 of Oregon's Statewide Land Use Planning Program. Fred VanNatta began his career as a paid campaign staffer for two presidential ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Interview with Fred VanNatta (on Goal 10) Author: VanNatta, Fred, Irvine, James Year: 2017 Interview with Fred VanNatta by Jim Irvine on May 15, 2017 focused on Goal 10 of Oregon's Statewide Land Use Planning Program. Fred VanNatta began his career as a paid campaign staffer for two presidential candidates and as an aide to the Oregon House Speaker during the 1965 and 1967 legislature. As a political lobbyist from 1969 on, his clients included the Oregon State Homebuilders Association and the Association of Engineering Employees of Oregon. Title: Interview with Fred VanNatta (on Goal 10) Author: VanNatta, Fred, Irvine, James Year: 2017 Interview with Fred VanNatta by Jim Irvine on May 15, 2017 focused on Goal 10 of Oregon's Statewide Land Use Planning Program. Fred VanNatta began his career as a paid campaign staffer for two presidential candidates and as an aide to the Oregon House Speaker during the 1965 and 1967 legislature. As a political lobbyist from 1969 on, his clients included the Oregon State Homebuilders Association and the Association of Engineering Employees of Oregon. Close

• 40. [Article] Interview with Greg Winterowd (on Goal 10)

  Interview with Greg Winterowd by Sy Adler on May 8, 2017 focused on Goal 10 of Oregon's Statewide Land Use Planning Program. Winterowd is principal and co-founder of Winterbrook Planning, a professional ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Interview with Greg Winterowd (on Goal 10) Author: Winterowd, Greg, Adler, Sy Year: 2017 Interview with Greg Winterowd by Sy Adler on May 8, 2017 focused on Goal 10 of Oregon's Statewide Land Use Planning Program. Winterowd is principal and co-founder of Winterbrook Planning, a professional consultancy based in Portland, Oregon. He served as Planning and Development Director for the city of Springfield, Oregon, and as President of the Oregon Chapter of the American Planning Association. Title: Interview with Greg Winterowd (on Goal 10) Author: Winterowd, Greg, Adler, Sy Year: 2017 Interview with Greg Winterowd by Sy Adler on May 8, 2017 focused on Goal 10 of Oregon's Statewide Land Use Planning Program. Winterowd is principal and co-founder of Winterbrook Planning, a professional consultancy based in Portland, Oregon. He served as Planning and Development Director for the city of Springfield, Oregon, and as President of the Oregon Chapter of the American Planning Association. Close

• 41. [Article] Interview with Bruce Bartow

  Interview with Bruce Bartow by Michael Rupp on October 11, 2016. Bruce Bartow served as Planning Director for Josephine County, Oregon, from 1977 to 2005.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Interview with Bruce Bartow Author: Bartow, Bruce, Rupp, Michael Year: 2017 Interview with Bruce Bartow by Michael Rupp on October 11, 2016. Bruce Bartow served as Planning Director for Josephine County, Oregon, from 1977 to 2005. Title: Interview with Bruce Bartow Author: Bartow, Bruce, Rupp, Michael Year: 2017 Interview with Bruce Bartow by Michael Rupp on October 11, 2016. Bruce Bartow served as Planning Director for Josephine County, Oregon, from 1977 to 2005. Close

• 42. [Article] Interview with Allen Johnson

  Allen (Al) Johnson was interviewed by Sy Adler on June 2, 2017. Al Johnson is a retired Oregon land use attorney who founded and practiced with the firm Johnson, Kloos and Sherton (originally Johnson and ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Interview with Allen Johnson Author: Johnson, Allen, Adler, Sy Year: 2017 Allen (Al) Johnson was interviewed by Sy Adler on June 2, 2017. Al Johnson is a retired Oregon land use attorney who founded and practiced with the firm Johnson, Kloos and Sherton (originally Johnson and Kloos) in the 1980s and 1990s. He worked as a hearings official for the Oregon Land Conservation and Development Commission in the 1970s. From 1993 until his retirement, he represented public- and private-sector clients throughout the state. After his retirement in 2010, he served as a member of the Urban Growth Boundary Residential Lands Technical Advisory Committee for the city of Bend, Oregon. Title: Interview with Allen Johnson Author: Johnson, Allen, Adler, Sy Year: 2017 Allen (Al) Johnson was interviewed by Sy Adler on June 2, 2017. Al Johnson is a retired Oregon land use attorney who founded and practiced with the firm Johnson, Kloos and Sherton (originally Johnson and Kloos) in the 1980s and 1990s. He worked as a hearings official for the Oregon Land Conservation and Development Commission in the 1970s. From 1993 until his retirement, he represented public- and private-sector clients throughout the state. After his retirement in 2010, he served as a member of the Urban Growth Boundary Residential Lands Technical Advisory Committee for the city of Bend, Oregon. Close

• 43. [Article] The Swamp Land Act in Oregon, 1870-1895

  The Swamp Land Act of 1849, originally intended to give the state of Louisiana the unproductive swamplands within its borders and use the proceeds to construct the drains and levees necessary to reclaim ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The Swamp Land Act in Oregon, 1870-1895 Author: Pintarich, Richard Mark Year: 1980 The Swamp Land Act of 1849, originally intended to give the state of Louisiana the unproductive swamplands within its borders and use the proceeds to construct the drains and levees necessary to reclaim these lands, was extended to Oregon in 1860. Oregon did not act on the matter until 1870, but once begun, it became a prolific source of political corruption, fiscal irresponsibility, fraud, and land speculation and monopolization. Even though the physiography of Oregon was much different than the states in the Mississippi Valley, millions of acres of "swampland" were filed upon and the state sold hundreds of thousands of acres long before it received legal title to these lands. In most cases final patents were never issued by the federal government. Rather than the proceeds of the sales of these lands going toward reclamation, the funds often went to the friends of state officials for dubious services. Appropriations, based on the anticipated sale of swampland, were made for the owners of wagon roads for projects never completed. This created a state indebtedness which the sale of swampland alone could not erase. A major result of the Swamp Land Act in Oregon was the withholding of arable land and water rights from actual settlers in the predominantly semiarid regions of Oregon by land speculators and by cattle barons who used it to monopolize vast tracts of grazing land. Litigation over disputed swampland claims occurred well into the twentieth century. Because little has been written on this topic, primary sources have been extensively relied upon for the research. The most important of these sources were the Portland Oregonian, government documents of the state of Oregon, and the documents of the United States Department of Interior. Title: The Swamp Land Act in Oregon, 1870-1895 Author: Pintarich, Richard Mark Year: 1980 The Swamp Land Act of 1849, originally intended to give the state of Louisiana the unproductive swamplands within its borders and use the proceeds to construct the drains and levees necessary to reclaim these lands, was extended to Oregon in 1860. Oregon did not act on the matter until 1870, but once begun, it became a prolific source of political corruption, fiscal irresponsibility, fraud, and land speculation and monopolization. Even though the physiography of Oregon was much different than the states in the Mississippi Valley, millions of acres of "swampland" were filed upon and the state sold hundreds of thousands of acres long before it received legal title to these lands. In most cases final patents were never issued by the federal government. Rather than the proceeds of the sales of these lands going toward reclamation, the funds often went to the friends of state officials for dubious services. Appropriations, based on the anticipated sale of swampland, were made for the owners of wagon roads for projects never completed. This created a state indebtedness which the sale of swampland alone could not erase. A major result of the Swamp Land Act in Oregon was the withholding of arable land and water rights from actual settlers in the predominantly semiarid regions of Oregon by land speculators and by cattle barons who used it to monopolize vast tracts of grazing land. Litigation over disputed swampland claims occurred well into the twentieth century. Because little has been written on this topic, primary sources have been extensively relied upon for the research. The most important of these sources were the Portland Oregonian, government documents of the state of Oregon, and the documents of the United States Department of Interior. Close

• 44. [Article] Looking Back at Planning Oregon

  An interview with Henry Richmond is the product of a new project called People and the Land: An Oral History of Oregon's Statewide Land Use Planning Program. Richmond explains the political and economic ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Looking Back at Planning Oregon Author: Richmond, Henry, Sitzman, James Year: 2016 An interview with Henry Richmond is the product of a new project called People and the Land: An Oral History of Oregon's Statewide Land Use Planning Program. Richmond explains the political and economic conditions in which land use program was forged, and how these have changed over time. The full interview is available here: http://archives.pdx.edu/ds/psu/16296 Title: Looking Back at Planning Oregon Author: Richmond, Henry, Sitzman, James Year: 2016 An interview with Henry Richmond is the product of a new project called People and the Land: An Oral History of Oregon's Statewide Land Use Planning Program. Richmond explains the political and economic conditions in which land use program was forged, and how these have changed over time. The full interview is available here: http://archives.pdx.edu/ds/psu/16296 Close

• 45. [Article] Interview with Robert E. Stacey (on Goal 10)

  Interview with Robert E. Stacey by Jim Irvine on May 15, 2017 focused on Goal 10 of Oregon's Statewide Land Use Planning Program. Bob Stacey serves on the Metro Council representing District 6, which includes ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Interview with Robert E. Stacey (on Goal 10) Author: Stacey, Robert E., Irvine, Jim Year: 2017 Interview with Robert E. Stacey by Jim Irvine on May 15, 2017 focused on Goal 10 of Oregon's Statewide Land Use Planning Program. Bob Stacey serves on the Metro Council representing District 6, which includes portions of the city of Portland. He has served as senior policy advisor to Oregon Governor Barbara Roberts, and was the executive director of 1000 Friends of Oregon, a non-profit organization focused on land-use planning. Title: Interview with Robert E. Stacey (on Goal 10) Author: Stacey, Robert E., Irvine, Jim Year: 2017 Interview with Robert E. Stacey by Jim Irvine on May 15, 2017 focused on Goal 10 of Oregon's Statewide Land Use Planning Program. Bob Stacey serves on the Metro Council representing District 6, which includes portions of the city of Portland. He has served as senior policy advisor to Oregon Governor Barbara Roberts, and was the executive director of 1000 Friends of Oregon, a non-profit organization focused on land-use planning. Close

• 46. [Article] Interview with James B. (Jim) Knight

  James Knight was interviewed on April 24, 2017, by Michael Rupp. Jim Knight's career in public agencies spanned thirty-three years. From 1970 to 1974 he worked in Buffalo, New York, for the Erie County ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Interview with James B. (Jim) Knight Author: Knight, James B, Rupp, Michael Year: 2017 James Knight was interviewed on April 24, 2017, by Michael Rupp. Jim Knight's career in public agencies spanned thirty-three years. From 1970 to 1974 he worked in Buffalo, New York, for the Erie County Division of Planning and for the Office for the Aging. In June 1974 he joined the Oregon Department of Land Conservation (DLCD), which administers Oregon's land use planning program. He retired from DLCD in March 2003. Title: Interview with James B. (Jim) Knight Author: Knight, James B, Rupp, Michael Year: 2017 James Knight was interviewed on April 24, 2017, by Michael Rupp. Jim Knight's career in public agencies spanned thirty-three years. From 1970 to 1974 he worked in Buffalo, New York, for the Erie County Division of Planning and for the Office for the Aging. In June 1974 he joined the Oregon Department of Land Conservation (DLCD), which administers Oregon's land use planning program. He retired from DLCD in March 2003. Close

• 47. [Article] Interview with Lloyd Chapman

  Lloyd Chapman was interviewed on July 31, 2017, by Michael Rupp and Jim Knight. Lloyd Chapman worked with the Oregon Department of Land Conservation and Development on water, forest, and land use projects. ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Interview with Lloyd Chapman Author: Chapman, Lloyd, Rupp, Michael, Knight, James Year: 2017 Lloyd Chapman was interviewed on July 31, 2017, by Michael Rupp and Jim Knight. Lloyd Chapman worked with the Oregon Department of Land Conservation and Development on water, forest, and land use projects. In addition to his career with DLCD, Chapman is an active citizen advocate who has held numerous elected and volunteer positions in local agencies and associations in the Salem area since the 1980s. He served as a Salem Transit District board member starting in 1999 and was elected Board President in 2003; in 2008, he was a candidate for Mayor of Salem; and in 2011, he was elected to a position on the Salem-Keizer School Board. Title: Interview with Lloyd Chapman Author: Chapman, Lloyd, Rupp, Michael, Knight, James Year: 2017 Lloyd Chapman was interviewed on July 31, 2017, by Michael Rupp and Jim Knight. Lloyd Chapman worked with the Oregon Department of Land Conservation and Development on water, forest, and land use projects. In addition to his career with DLCD, Chapman is an active citizen advocate who has held numerous elected and volunteer positions in local agencies and associations in the Salem area since the 1980s. He served as a Salem Transit District board member starting in 1999 and was elected Board President in 2003; in 2008, he was a candidate for Mayor of Salem; and in 2011, he was elected to a position on the Salem-Keizer School Board. Close

• 48. [Article] Interview with Gordon Fultz

  Gordon Fultz was interviewed on April 26, 2017, by Michael Rupp and Jim Knight. Fultz is the Legislative Coordinator for the Association of Oregon Counties (AOC).

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Interview with Gordon Fultz Author: Fultz, Gordon, Rupp, Michael, Knight, James Year: 2017 Gordon Fultz was interviewed on April 26, 2017, by Michael Rupp and Jim Knight. Fultz is the Legislative Coordinator for the Association of Oregon Counties (AOC). Title: Interview with Gordon Fultz Author: Fultz, Gordon, Rupp, Michael, Knight, James Year: 2017 Gordon Fultz was interviewed on April 26, 2017, by Michael Rupp and Jim Knight. Fultz is the Legislative Coordinator for the Association of Oregon Counties (AOC). Close

• 49. [Article] Interview with Keith Cubic

  Interview with Keith Cubic by Michael Rupp on March 8, 2016. Keith Cubic has served as the Planning Director for Douglas County, Oregon, since 1978.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Interview with Keith Cubic Author: Cubic, Keith, Rupp, Michael Year: 2017 Interview with Keith Cubic by Michael Rupp on March 8, 2016. Keith Cubic has served as the Planning Director for Douglas County, Oregon, since 1978. Title: Interview with Keith Cubic Author: Cubic, Keith, Rupp, Michael Year: 2017 Interview with Keith Cubic by Michael Rupp on March 8, 2016. Keith Cubic has served as the Planning Director for Douglas County, Oregon, since 1978. Close

• 50. [Article] Interview with Andy Cotugno

  Interview with Andy Cotugno by Sy Adler on March 8, 2016. Andy Cotugno served as planning director at Metro from 1980 to 2008 and as the Metro Council's Senior Policy Advisor from 2008 until his retirement ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Interview with Andy Cotugno Author: Cotugno, Andy, Adler, Sy Year: 2017 Interview with Andy Cotugno by Sy Adler on March 8, 2016. Andy Cotugno served as planning director at Metro from 1980 to 2008 and as the Metro Council's Senior Policy Advisor from 2008 until his retirement in March 2016. Title: Interview with Andy Cotugno Author: Cotugno, Andy, Adler, Sy Year: 2017 Interview with Andy Cotugno by Sy Adler on March 8, 2016. Andy Cotugno served as planning director at Metro from 1980 to 2008 and as the Metro Council's Senior Policy Advisor from 2008 until his retirement in March 2016. Close