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• 1. [Article] An Examination of the Relationship Between Professional Development Providers' Epistemological and Nature of Science Beliefs and their Professional Development Programs

  In the last twenty years in US science education, professional development has emphasized the need to change science instruction from a direct instruction model to a more participatory and constructivist ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: An Examination of the Relationship Between Professional Development Providers' Epistemological and Nature of Science Beliefs and their Professional Development Programs Author: Garcia Arriola, Alfonso Year: 2017 In the last twenty years in US science education, professional development has emphasized the need to change science instruction from a direct instruction model to a more participatory and constructivist learning model. The result of these reform efforts has seen an increase in science education professional development that is focused on providing teaching strategies that promote inquiry learning to learn science content. Given these reform efforts and teacher responses to professional development, research seems to indicate that whether teachers actually change their practice may depend on the teachers' basic epistemological beliefs about the nature of science. The person who builds the bridge between teacher beliefs and teacher practice is the designer and facilitator of science teacher professional development. Even though these designers and facilitators of professional development are critical to science teacher change, few have studied how these professionals approach their work and what influence their beliefs have on their professional development activities. Eight developers and designers of science education professional development participated in this study through interviews and the completion of an online questionnaire. To examine the relationship between professional development providers' science beliefs and their design, development, and implementation of professional development experiences for science teachers, this study used the Views on Science Education Questionnaire (VOSE), and interview transcripts as well as analysis of the documents from teacher professional development experiences. Through a basic interpretive qualitative analysis, the predominant themes that emerged from this study suggest that the nature of science is often equated with the practice of science, personal beliefs about the nature of science have a minimal impact on the design of professional development experiences, current reform efforts in science education have a strong influence on the design of professional development, and those providing science education professional development have diverse views about epistemology and the nature of science. The results and conclusions from this study lead to a discussion of implications and recommendations for the planning and design of professional development for science teachers, including the need to making equity and social justice issues an integral part of inquiry and scientific practice. Title: An Examination of the Relationship Between Professional Development Providers' Epistemological and Nature of Science Beliefs and their Professional Development Programs Author: Garcia Arriola, Alfonso Year: 2017 In the last twenty years in US science education, professional development has emphasized the need to change science instruction from a direct instruction model to a more participatory and constructivist learning model. The result of these reform efforts has seen an increase in science education professional development that is focused on providing teaching strategies that promote inquiry learning to learn science content. Given these reform efforts and teacher responses to professional development, research seems to indicate that whether teachers actually change their practice may depend on the teachers' basic epistemological beliefs about the nature of science. The person who builds the bridge between teacher beliefs and teacher practice is the designer and facilitator of science teacher professional development. Even though these designers and facilitators of professional development are critical to science teacher change, few have studied how these professionals approach their work and what influence their beliefs have on their professional development activities. Eight developers and designers of science education professional development participated in this study through interviews and the completion of an online questionnaire. To examine the relationship between professional development providers' science beliefs and their design, development, and implementation of professional development experiences for science teachers, this study used the Views on Science Education Questionnaire (VOSE), and interview transcripts as well as analysis of the documents from teacher professional development experiences. Through a basic interpretive qualitative analysis, the predominant themes that emerged from this study suggest that the nature of science is often equated with the practice of science, personal beliefs about the nature of science have a minimal impact on the design of professional development experiences, current reform efforts in science education have a strong influence on the design of professional development, and those providing science education professional development have diverse views about epistemology and the nature of science. The results and conclusions from this study lead to a discussion of implications and recommendations for the planning and design of professional development for science teachers, including the need to making equity and social justice issues an integral part of inquiry and scientific practice. Close

• 2. [Article] Economic Development and Gender Equality: Is There a Gender Kuznets Curve?

  This research note examines the relationship between economic development and gender equality. Drawing on the concept of the Kuznets curve, the authors hypothesize that the relationship between economic ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Economic Development and Gender Equality: Is There a Gender Kuznets Curve? Author: Eastin, Joshua, Prakash, Aseem Year: 2013 This research note examines the relationship between economic development and gender equality. Drawing on the concept of the Kuznets curve, the authors hypothesize that the relationship between economic development and gender inequality is curvilinear (S shaped), with three distinct stages. In the first stage, economic development improves gender equality because it enables greater female labor-force participation. An independent income stream increases women's intrahousehold bargaining power. The opportunity to develop human capital confers greater political and social recognition. In the second stage, labor-force stratification and gender discrimination encourage divergent male/female income trajectories, which decrease the opportunity costs of female labor-force withdrawal and lend traction to social resistance against burgeoning gender norms. Consequently, there is a deceleration in initial equality gains. In the final stage, gender equality again improves, as greater educational participation and technological advancement provide new employment opportunities for women, increase the opportunity costs of staying home, and encourage the evolution of new social institutions and norms that overcome prior discriminatory practices. The authors find support for this argument in statistical tests of the relationship between economic development and gender equality on a panel of 146 developing countries for the period 1980–2005. They employ four indicators that reflect distinct dimensions of women's political, social, and economic status. They find economic development positively influences gender equality when per capita incomes are below $8,000–$10,000. These equality gains level off or decline slightly in the second stage, from $8,000–10,000 to about $25,000–$30,000. Beyond this level, economic development is again associated with improvements in gender equality. The key implication is that the effect of economic development on gender equality is contingent on the level of development. Policymakers and social activists should develop policy correctives to ensure that economic development confers improvements in gender equality across phases of development. Title: Economic Development and Gender Equality: Is There a Gender Kuznets Curve? Author: Eastin, Joshua, Prakash, Aseem Year: 2013 This research note examines the relationship between economic development and gender equality. Drawing on the concept of the Kuznets curve, the authors hypothesize that the relationship between economic development and gender inequality is curvilinear (S shaped), with three distinct stages. In the first stage, economic development improves gender equality because it enables greater female labor-force participation. An independent income stream increases women's intrahousehold bargaining power. The opportunity to develop human capital confers greater political and social recognition. In the second stage, labor-force stratification and gender discrimination encourage divergent male/female income trajectories, which decrease the opportunity costs of female labor-force withdrawal and lend traction to social resistance against burgeoning gender norms. Consequently, there is a deceleration in initial equality gains. In the final stage, gender equality again improves, as greater educational participation and technological advancement provide new employment opportunities for women, increase the opportunity costs of staying home, and encourage the evolution of new social institutions and norms that overcome prior discriminatory practices. The authors find support for this argument in statistical tests of the relationship between economic development and gender equality on a panel of 146 developing countries for the period 1980–2005. They employ four indicators that reflect distinct dimensions of women's political, social, and economic status. They find economic development positively influences gender equality when per capita incomes are below $8,000–$10,000. These equality gains level off or decline slightly in the second stage, from $8,000–10,000 to about $25,000–$30,000. Beyond this level, economic development is again associated with improvements in gender equality. The key implication is that the effect of economic development on gender equality is contingent on the level of development. Policymakers and social activists should develop policy correctives to ensure that economic development confers improvements in gender equality across phases of development. Close

• 3. [Article] Smart Wallet New Product Development Log

  The “Smart Wallet” (Dolor Peram) is a wallet that can easily fits within an individual’s daily activities. This paper details the new product development process that the team followed for developing this ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Smart Wallet New Product Development Log Author: Boss, Viktoria, Kessler, Lukas, Kongsansatean, Paweena, McGraw, Sean, Nour, Alaa Year: 2014 The “Smart Wallet” (Dolor Peram) is a wallet that can easily fits within an individual’s daily activities. This paper details the new product development process that the team followed for developing this product including product planning and concept development, followed by the design phase, product development economics, and lessons learned. The team will follow the development process used in Product Design and Development book by Ulrich. Title: Smart Wallet New Product Development Log Author: Boss, Viktoria, Kessler, Lukas, Kongsansatean, Paweena, McGraw, Sean, Nour, Alaa Year: 2014 The “Smart Wallet” (Dolor Peram) is a wallet that can easily fits within an individual’s daily activities. This paper details the new product development process that the team followed for developing this product including product planning and concept development, followed by the design phase, product development economics, and lessons learned. The team will follow the development process used in Product Design and Development book by Ulrich. Close

• 4. [Article] The Kelsey: A Development Proposal, NAIOP Workshop Project

  Master in Real Estate Development Program students produce a development plan for a property site in Bellevue Washington. They form a real estate development team and produce an original development plan, ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The Kelsey: A Development Proposal, NAIOP Workshop Project Author: Arnold, Jennifer, Holden, Scott, Wise, Lisa, Brown, Cameron, Lawrence, Alec, Strabic, Marc, Brightman, Darrin, Joyce, Alex, Steinmetz, Kerry, Chester, Cameron, Seidman, Adam, Hubbard, Jeff Year: 2016 Master in Real Estate Development Program students produce a development plan for a property site in Bellevue Washington. They form a real estate development team and produce an original development plan, including the development concept, the market analysis, the conceptual design, economic analysis, capital and operations budget, and management plan. The students' plan demonstrates and applies mastery of the development concepts and tools learned through their Master of Real Estate Development (MRED) coursework. The Center greatly appreciates the support of the National Association of Industrial and Office Properties (NAIOP), the Building and Owners Management Association (BOMA), and numerous private sponsors and real estate industry mentors over the years. Title: The Kelsey: A Development Proposal, NAIOP Workshop Project Author: Arnold, Jennifer, Holden, Scott, Wise, Lisa, Brown, Cameron, Lawrence, Alec, Strabic, Marc, Brightman, Darrin, Joyce, Alex, Steinmetz, Kerry, Chester, Cameron, Seidman, Adam, Hubbard, Jeff Year: 2016 Master in Real Estate Development Program students produce a development plan for a property site in Bellevue Washington. They form a real estate development team and produce an original development plan, including the development concept, the market analysis, the conceptual design, economic analysis, capital and operations budget, and management plan. The students' plan demonstrates and applies mastery of the development concepts and tools learned through their Master of Real Estate Development (MRED) coursework. The Center greatly appreciates the support of the National Association of Industrial and Office Properties (NAIOP), the Building and Owners Management Association (BOMA), and numerous private sponsors and real estate industry mentors over the years. Close

• 5. [Article] Case Study: The Optimization of Information Flow & Organization in Software Development

  Trial and error are inevitable in the process of software development; the redesign is wasteful when unfocused communication occurs within the development process. To speed up this development process, ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Case Study: The Optimization of Information Flow & Organization in Software Development Author: Madani, Farshad, Wang, Bing, Wang, Xiaowen, White, Corey, Wang, Liying Year: 2012 Trial and error are inevitable in the process of software development; the redesign is wasteful when unfocused communication occurs within the development process. To speed up this development process, we optimized the information flow and redesigned the development organization into chunks. First, we investigated the information flow between tasks and coupled tasks into phases utilizing the Design Structure Matrix (DSM) so that the information exchange among chunks of tasks is as few as possible. In this way, the redundant iterations of tasks are eliminated. Meanwhile, we also grouped the engineers into groups according to the tasks, in this; we eliminated wasteful communications between the groups of engineers. We depict the social network defined by the information flow within the software development sector and compared the new arrangement to the old arrangement in a visible way. This new arrangement will facilitate the communications between engineers and speed up the process of software development. Title: Case Study: The Optimization of Information Flow & Organization in Software Development Author: Madani, Farshad, Wang, Bing, Wang, Xiaowen, White, Corey, Wang, Liying Year: 2012 Trial and error are inevitable in the process of software development; the redesign is wasteful when unfocused communication occurs within the development process. To speed up this development process, we optimized the information flow and redesigned the development organization into chunks. First, we investigated the information flow between tasks and coupled tasks into phases utilizing the Design Structure Matrix (DSM) so that the information exchange among chunks of tasks is as few as possible. In this way, the redundant iterations of tasks are eliminated. Meanwhile, we also grouped the engineers into groups according to the tasks, in this; we eliminated wasteful communications between the groups of engineers. We depict the social network defined by the information flow within the software development sector and compared the new arrangement to the old arrangement in a visible way. This new arrangement will facilitate the communications between engineers and speed up the process of software development. Close

• 6. [Article] Miami Voter Dispositions toward the Development ‘Boom’ and Economic Development Policy: A Report on Focus Group Research among City of Miami Voters

  The purpose of this project is to assess City of Miami residents’ opinions about Miami’s building boom of the past few years. We were concerned with how development directly affects the lives of individuals ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Miami Voter Dispositions toward the Development ‘Boom’ and Economic Development Policy: A Report on Focus Group Research among City of Miami Voters Author: Stepick, Alex, Feldman, Marcos Year: 2007 The purpose of this project is to assess City of Miami residents’ opinions about Miami’s building boom of the past few years. We were concerned with how development directly affects the lives of individuals in Miami, especially in the areas where development is concentrated. We wanted to learn what residents view as the positive and negative impacts of development and what path they felt development should follow. Title: Miami Voter Dispositions toward the Development ‘Boom’ and Economic Development Policy: A Report on Focus Group Research among City of Miami Voters Author: Stepick, Alex, Feldman, Marcos Year: 2007 The purpose of this project is to assess City of Miami residents’ opinions about Miami’s building boom of the past few years. We were concerned with how development directly affects the lives of individuals in Miami, especially in the areas where development is concentrated. We wanted to learn what residents view as the positive and negative impacts of development and what path they felt development should follow. Close

• 7. [Article] Financial Development and Financial Liberalization in Asia: Thresholds, Institutions and the Sequence of Liberalization

  I investigate whether financial openness leads to financial development after controlling for the level of legal/institutional development, and whether trade opening is a precondition for financial opening, ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Financial Development and Financial Liberalization in Asia: Thresholds, Institutions and the Sequence of Liberalization Author: Ito, Hiro Year: 2005 I investigate whether financial openness leads to financial development after controlling for the level of legal/institutional development, and whether trade opening is a precondition for financial opening, focusing on Asia. Utilizing a panel encompassing 87 less developed countries over the period 1980 to 2000, I find that a higher level of financial openness spurs equity market development only if a threshold level of legal development has been attained, a condition prevalent particularly among emerging market Asian countries. On the issue of sequencing, trade openness is found to be a prerequisite for successful inducement of financial development via capital account liberalization. Title: Financial Development and Financial Liberalization in Asia: Thresholds, Institutions and the Sequence of Liberalization Author: Ito, Hiro Year: 2005 I investigate whether financial openness leads to financial development after controlling for the level of legal/institutional development, and whether trade opening is a precondition for financial opening, focusing on Asia. Utilizing a panel encompassing 87 less developed countries over the period 1980 to 2000, I find that a higher level of financial openness spurs equity market development only if a threshold level of legal development has been attained, a condition prevalent particularly among emerging market Asian countries. On the issue of sequencing, trade openness is found to be a prerequisite for successful inducement of financial development via capital account liberalization. Close

• 8. [Article] What Matters for Financial Development? Capital Controls, Institutions, and Interactions

  We extend our earlier work, focusing on the links between capital account liberalization, legal and institutional development, and financial development, especially that in equity markets. In a panel data ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: What Matters for Financial Development? Capital Controls, Institutions, and Interactions Author: Chinn, Menzie David, Ito, Hiro Year: 2005 We extend our earlier work, focusing on the links between capital account liberalization, legal and institutional development, and financial development, especially that in equity markets. In a panel data analysis encompassing 108 countries and twenty years ranging from 1980 to 2000, we explore several dimensions of the financial sector. First, we test whether financial openness can lead to equity market development when we control for the level of legal and institutional development. Then, we examine whether the opening of the goods sector is a precondition for financial opening. Finally, we investigate whether a well-developed banking sector is a precondition for financial liberalization to lead to equity market development and also whether bank and equity market development complements or substitutes. Our empirical results suggest that a higher level of financial openness contributes to the development of equity markets only if a threshold level of general legal systems and institutions is attained, which is more prevalent among emerging market countries. Among emerging market countries, a higher level of bureaucratic quality and law and order, as well as the lower levels of corruption, increases the effect of financial opening in fostering the development of equity markets. We also find that the finance-related legal/institutional variables do not enhance the effect of capital account opening as strongly as the general legal/institutional variables. In examining the issue of the sequencing, we find that the liberalization in cross-border goods transactions is found to be a precondition for capital account liberalization. Our findings also indicate that the development in the banking sector is a precondition for equity market development, and that the developments in these two types of financial markets have synergistic effects. Title: What Matters for Financial Development? Capital Controls, Institutions, and Interactions Author: Chinn, Menzie David, Ito, Hiro Year: 2005 We extend our earlier work, focusing on the links between capital account liberalization, legal and institutional development, and financial development, especially that in equity markets. In a panel data analysis encompassing 108 countries and twenty years ranging from 1980 to 2000, we explore several dimensions of the financial sector. First, we test whether financial openness can lead to equity market development when we control for the level of legal and institutional development. Then, we examine whether the opening of the goods sector is a precondition for financial opening. Finally, we investigate whether a well-developed banking sector is a precondition for financial liberalization to lead to equity market development and also whether bank and equity market development complements or substitutes. Our empirical results suggest that a higher level of financial openness contributes to the development of equity markets only if a threshold level of general legal systems and institutions is attained, which is more prevalent among emerging market countries. Among emerging market countries, a higher level of bureaucratic quality and law and order, as well as the lower levels of corruption, increases the effect of financial opening in fostering the development of equity markets. We also find that the finance-related legal/institutional variables do not enhance the effect of capital account opening as strongly as the general legal/institutional variables. In examining the issue of the sequencing, we find that the liberalization in cross-border goods transactions is found to be a precondition for capital account liberalization. Our findings also indicate that the development in the banking sector is a precondition for equity market development, and that the developments in these two types of financial markets have synergistic effects. Close

• 9. [Article] Mitigating the impacts of Measure 37 : implementing a statewide transferable development rights program in Oregon

  Nonregulatory land use planning tools can be effective for achieving statewide planning goals, but only in a regulatory context. Measure 37 makes that regulatory context problematic, with planners’ flexibility ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Mitigating the impacts of Measure 37 : implementing a statewide transferable development rights program in Oregon Author: Grothaus, Mary L. Year: 2007 Nonregulatory land use planning tools can be effective for achieving statewide planning goals, but only in a regulatory context. Measure 37 makes that regulatory context problematic, with planners’ flexibility in making regulatory changes stymied. To conserve wildlife habitat after Measure 37, Oregon’s planners need to turn to these non-regulatory tools. One such tool is transferable development rights (TDRs). TDRs equitably preserve the ecosystem services of rural lands and promote efficient land use patterns. A rural property owner “transfers” her development rights to an urban developer by placing a conservation easement on her property and accepting payment from the developer, who profits from development bonuses. This payment could be declared compensation under Measure 37 and could mitigate the Measure’s potential development impacts. Title: Mitigating the impacts of Measure 37 : implementing a statewide transferable development rights program in Oregon Author: Grothaus, Mary L. Year: 2007 Nonregulatory land use planning tools can be effective for achieving statewide planning goals, but only in a regulatory context. Measure 37 makes that regulatory context problematic, with planners’ flexibility in making regulatory changes stymied. To conserve wildlife habitat after Measure 37, Oregon’s planners need to turn to these non-regulatory tools. One such tool is transferable development rights (TDRs). TDRs equitably preserve the ecosystem services of rural lands and promote efficient land use patterns. A rural property owner “transfers” her development rights to an urban developer by placing a conservation easement on her property and accepting payment from the developer, who profits from development bonuses. This payment could be declared compensation under Measure 37 and could mitigate the Measure’s potential development impacts. Close

• 10. [Article] A Study of Successful Management of New Product Development in High Tech Industry

  This report studies management of new product development. A mail survey was developed to assess current trends in the management of new product development, activities in development process, and major ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: A Study of Successful Management of New Product Development in High Tech Industry Author: Yuwono, Dharwin Year: 1990 This report studies management of new product development. A mail survey was developed to assess current trends in the management of new product development, activities in development process, and major factors that contribute to success in management of the process in high tech industry. The survey results are analyzed and compared to historical theoretical approaches. Suggestions and topics for future projects are presented. Title: A Study of Successful Management of New Product Development in High Tech Industry Author: Yuwono, Dharwin Year: 1990 This report studies management of new product development. A mail survey was developed to assess current trends in the management of new product development, activities in development process, and major factors that contribute to success in management of the process in high tech industry. The survey results are analyzed and compared to historical theoretical approaches. Suggestions and topics for future projects are presented. Close

• 11. [Article] The Lloyd 700 Superblock: NAIOP Real Estate Development Workshop

  Portland State University's Center for Real Estate Students produce a development plan for a property site in the Lloyd District. Their task was to produce an original development plan, including the development ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The Lloyd 700 Superblock: NAIOP Real Estate Development Workshop Author: Portland State University Year: 2011 Portland State University's Center for Real Estate Students produce a development plan for a property site in the Lloyd District. Their task was to produce an original development plan, including the development concept, market analysis, conceptual design, economic analysis, capital and operations budget, and management plan. Title: The Lloyd 700 Superblock: NAIOP Real Estate Development Workshop Author: Portland State University Year: 2011 Portland State University's Center for Real Estate Students produce a development plan for a property site in the Lloyd District. Their task was to produce an original development plan, including the development concept, market analysis, conceptual design, economic analysis, capital and operations budget, and management plan. Close

• 12. [Article] Assessing Portland's Smart Growth: A Comprehensive Housing Supply and Location Choice Modeling Approach

  There are extensive empirical studies on the impacts and effectiveness of Smart Growth policies; however, very few of them consider the perspective of individual decision makers and, to this author's knowledge, ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Assessing Portland's Smart Growth: A Comprehensive Housing Supply and Location Choice Modeling Approach Author: Dong, Hongwei Year: 2010 There are extensive empirical studies on the impacts and effectiveness of Smart Growth policies; however, very few of them consider the perspective of individual decision makers and, to this author's knowledge, none have studied developers as location-aware decision-making agents. This study tries to fill this gap partially by assessing the impacts of Portland's smart growth policies on developers' location choice behavior with developer-based location choice models. The dissertation has two purposes. By assessing the impacts of Smart Growth policies on individual home developer's location choice, it provides a micro- and behavioral foundation for the understanding of Smart Growth policies. As a bi-state metropolitan area located on the border between Oregon and Washington, the Portland region provides a unique environment that allows my research to examine whether home developers react to Smart Growth policies differently in the two states with different land use policy systems. The dissertation also aims to create a developer-based land development forecast model, which can be used as a scenario analysis tool for the Portland region's long-term land use and transportation planning. Besides the developer location choice model mentioned above, the components of this comprehensive developer-based land development model also include a time series regression model that predicts annual new housing supply in the region and a model that synthesizes housing projects in a forecast year. The study shows that home developers in the Portland metropolitan area are sensitive to most Smart Growth policies that have been implemented in the region, but they react to them differently across the border between Oregon and Washington. Single-family home (SFH) and multi-family home (MFH) developers show different preferences for location attributes. The most significant predictors of where a developer will choose to locate a project are the locations of previous projects. After controlling for all of the other factors discussed above, there remains a strong preference for developing SFH units outside of the UGB in both Oregon and Washington sides of the Portland metropolitan area. Latent class models have been developed to detect taste variations among home developers in the SFH and MFH markets separately. Estimation results show clear taste variations across developers and housing projects with respect to site attributes in their location choice. With other variables in the segmentation model being the same, project size provides a better fit to the data than developer size, indicating that developers have taste variations among their different projects. Large size SFH projects developed by contractor-owners are more likely to be within the UGB and their locations tend to have higher residential density, housing diversity, transportation accessibility, road density, and land price. With most MFH projects within the UGB, estimation results show that large size MFH projects prefer the locations with higher residential density, housing diversity, mixed use, road density, land price, average household income, and proportion of young and middle age households. The three-step new housing supply and location choice forecast model seem to be able to capture the basic trend of housing market and land development in the Portland region. Three different aggregate housing supply forecast models, an conditional time series regressive model, a unconditional time series regression model, and an auto-regression integrated moving average (ARIMA) model were tested and their advantages and disadvantages were discussed. Both the SFH and MFH project synthesis models can simulate housing projects well for a forecast year. Three location choice models were developed to allocate synthesized housing projects into space. The three models are characterized separately as: (1) assumed market homogeneity and atomization of development projects; (2) deterministic market segmentation and synthesis of projects by size; and (3) probabilistic market segmentation and synthesis of projects by size, using a latent class approach. Examination of forecast results shows that all three models can successfully capture the basic spatial pattern of housing development in the region; however, the spatial distribution of MFH development is lumpier and more unpredictable. While Models 2 and 3 are more sophisticated and make more sense from a theoretical perspective, they do not return better forecast results than Model 1 due to some practical issues. Models 2 and 3 would be expected to perform better when those practical issues are solved, at least partially, in future research. Title: Assessing Portland's Smart Growth: A Comprehensive Housing Supply and Location Choice Modeling Approach Author: Dong, Hongwei Year: 2010 There are extensive empirical studies on the impacts and effectiveness of Smart Growth policies; however, very few of them consider the perspective of individual decision makers and, to this author's knowledge, none have studied developers as location-aware decision-making agents. This study tries to fill this gap partially by assessing the impacts of Portland's smart growth policies on developers' location choice behavior with developer-based location choice models. The dissertation has two purposes. By assessing the impacts of Smart Growth policies on individual home developer's location choice, it provides a micro- and behavioral foundation for the understanding of Smart Growth policies. As a bi-state metropolitan area located on the border between Oregon and Washington, the Portland region provides a unique environment that allows my research to examine whether home developers react to Smart Growth policies differently in the two states with different land use policy systems. The dissertation also aims to create a developer-based land development forecast model, which can be used as a scenario analysis tool for the Portland region's long-term land use and transportation planning. Besides the developer location choice model mentioned above, the components of this comprehensive developer-based land development model also include a time series regression model that predicts annual new housing supply in the region and a model that synthesizes housing projects in a forecast year. The study shows that home developers in the Portland metropolitan area are sensitive to most Smart Growth policies that have been implemented in the region, but they react to them differently across the border between Oregon and Washington. Single-family home (SFH) and multi-family home (MFH) developers show different preferences for location attributes. The most significant predictors of where a developer will choose to locate a project are the locations of previous projects. After controlling for all of the other factors discussed above, there remains a strong preference for developing SFH units outside of the UGB in both Oregon and Washington sides of the Portland metropolitan area. Latent class models have been developed to detect taste variations among home developers in the SFH and MFH markets separately. Estimation results show clear taste variations across developers and housing projects with respect to site attributes in their location choice. With other variables in the segmentation model being the same, project size provides a better fit to the data than developer size, indicating that developers have taste variations among their different projects. Large size SFH projects developed by contractor-owners are more likely to be within the UGB and their locations tend to have higher residential density, housing diversity, transportation accessibility, road density, and land price. With most MFH projects within the UGB, estimation results show that large size MFH projects prefer the locations with higher residential density, housing diversity, mixed use, road density, land price, average household income, and proportion of young and middle age households. The three-step new housing supply and location choice forecast model seem to be able to capture the basic trend of housing market and land development in the Portland region. Three different aggregate housing supply forecast models, an conditional time series regressive model, a unconditional time series regression model, and an auto-regression integrated moving average (ARIMA) model were tested and their advantages and disadvantages were discussed. Both the SFH and MFH project synthesis models can simulate housing projects well for a forecast year. Three location choice models were developed to allocate synthesized housing projects into space. The three models are characterized separately as: (1) assumed market homogeneity and atomization of development projects; (2) deterministic market segmentation and synthesis of projects by size; and (3) probabilistic market segmentation and synthesis of projects by size, using a latent class approach. Examination of forecast results shows that all three models can successfully capture the basic spatial pattern of housing development in the region; however, the spatial distribution of MFH development is lumpier and more unpredictable. While Models 2 and 3 are more sophisticated and make more sense from a theoretical perspective, they do not return better forecast results than Model 1 due to some practical issues. Models 2 and 3 would be expected to perform better when those practical issues are solved, at least partially, in future research. Close

• 13. [Article] Sustainable, Affordable Housing for Older Adults: A Case Study of Factors that Affect Development in Portland, Oregon

  Portland, Oregon, is considered to be a leader in sustainable development. Government agencies, nonprofit organizations, and businesses have been innovators in policymaking and practice that is aimed at ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Sustainable, Affordable Housing for Older Adults: A Case Study of Factors that Affect Development in Portland, Oregon Author: DeLaTorre, Alan Kenneth Year: 2013 Portland, Oregon, is considered to be a leader in sustainable development. Government agencies, nonprofit organizations, and businesses have been innovators in policymaking and practice that is aimed at creating a more sustainable city. Despite population aging, little is known about how or whether planners and developers consider older persons in terms of sustainable development. Thus, this study examined the case of sustainable, affordable housing developed for low-income adults aged 55 and older. Interviews with 31 key informants were conducted in order to answer three research questions: What is the meaning of sustainable development in Portland, Oregon, as it pertains to affordable housing for an aging society? How and why has sustainable, affordable housing for older adults been developed in Portland? What are the policies that affect the availability and appropriateness of sustainable, affordable housing for older adults in Portland? The sample included individuals who influenced the creation of senior housing (e.g., urban planners, architects, nonprofit directors) and who were identified either because of their roles within local housing development or through snowball sampling. Six Portland-area developments provided the context for studying how and why sustainable, affordable housing for older adults was planned and created in the city. The findings suggested that introducing the topic of aging into the discourse of sustainable development will lead to a more robust meaning of the concept, which can aid future research, policy, and practice. Five elements characterizing sustainable housing for older adults were identified: physical accessibility; proximity to community services; infrastructure that connects housing with services; healthy living environments; and high-quality social spaces in and near housing developments. The findings also pointed to the need for sustainable development practices to pay attention to social equity and the equitable distribution of affordable housing, including housing for older adults. Several insights into how sustainable, affordable housing for older adults developed in Portland were gained (e.g., using government subsidies; involving aging experts in integrated design processes; intersectoral partnerships that led to the city becoming an early adopter in greening its affordable housing), as well as why such housing was completed (e.g., there was a collective public-sector response to meet the need for creating sustainable, affordable housing; an emerging culture of sustainable development in Portland; urban and regional planning efforts have begun to address population aging). However, the amount of sustainable, affordable housing remains insufficient to meet Portland's aging population. Reasons identified include: the absence of specific housing policy attuned to the needs of older adults in Portland; disconnects between housing and health care and supportive services; and lack of integration of older adults in the planning, design, and development processes. Room for innovation and improvement exists in regard to healthy, accessible, green, and affordable housing policies and the development of new models of housing for an aging population. Based on this research, 10 guiding principles of sustainable development for an aging society were proposed to inform future research, as well as planning and development efforts. Title: Sustainable, Affordable Housing for Older Adults: A Case Study of Factors that Affect Development in Portland, Oregon Author: DeLaTorre, Alan Kenneth Year: 2013 Portland, Oregon, is considered to be a leader in sustainable development. Government agencies, nonprofit organizations, and businesses have been innovators in policymaking and practice that is aimed at creating a more sustainable city. Despite population aging, little is known about how or whether planners and developers consider older persons in terms of sustainable development. Thus, this study examined the case of sustainable, affordable housing developed for low-income adults aged 55 and older. Interviews with 31 key informants were conducted in order to answer three research questions: What is the meaning of sustainable development in Portland, Oregon, as it pertains to affordable housing for an aging society? How and why has sustainable, affordable housing for older adults been developed in Portland? What are the policies that affect the availability and appropriateness of sustainable, affordable housing for older adults in Portland? The sample included individuals who influenced the creation of senior housing (e.g., urban planners, architects, nonprofit directors) and who were identified either because of their roles within local housing development or through snowball sampling. Six Portland-area developments provided the context for studying how and why sustainable, affordable housing for older adults was planned and created in the city. The findings suggested that introducing the topic of aging into the discourse of sustainable development will lead to a more robust meaning of the concept, which can aid future research, policy, and practice. Five elements characterizing sustainable housing for older adults were identified: physical accessibility; proximity to community services; infrastructure that connects housing with services; healthy living environments; and high-quality social spaces in and near housing developments. The findings also pointed to the need for sustainable development practices to pay attention to social equity and the equitable distribution of affordable housing, including housing for older adults. Several insights into how sustainable, affordable housing for older adults developed in Portland were gained (e.g., using government subsidies; involving aging experts in integrated design processes; intersectoral partnerships that led to the city becoming an early adopter in greening its affordable housing), as well as why such housing was completed (e.g., there was a collective public-sector response to meet the need for creating sustainable, affordable housing; an emerging culture of sustainable development in Portland; urban and regional planning efforts have begun to address population aging). However, the amount of sustainable, affordable housing remains insufficient to meet Portland's aging population. Reasons identified include: the absence of specific housing policy attuned to the needs of older adults in Portland; disconnects between housing and health care and supportive services; and lack of integration of older adults in the planning, design, and development processes. Room for innovation and improvement exists in regard to healthy, accessible, green, and affordable housing policies and the development of new models of housing for an aging population. Based on this research, 10 guiding principles of sustainable development for an aging society were proposed to inform future research, as well as planning and development efforts. Close

• 14. [Article] Teachers Teaching Teachers: A Sustainable and Inexpensive Professional Development Program to Improve Instruction

  School districts face tremendous budget challenges and, as a result, professional development has been "trimmed" from many school budgets. (Habegger & Hodanbosi, 2011). School administrators responsible ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Teachers Teaching Teachers: A Sustainable and Inexpensive Professional Development Program to Improve Instruction Author: Campbell, Carol L. Year: 2014 School districts face tremendous budget challenges and, as a result, professional development has been "trimmed" from many school budgets. (Habegger & Hodanbosi, 2011). School administrators responsible for planning professional development face a daunting task and often focus on PowerPoints, district mandated training, one-shot presentations, and workshops that are delivered by expensive experts. These types of activities lack teacher collaboration, time for sharing of ideas and opportunity for reflection and analysis (Torff & Byrnes, 2011, Coggins, Zuckerman & Mckelvey, 2010). The problem addressed in this study is that teacher professional development is usually planned by school administrators who are provided little support or training. This study used the problem-based learning approach designed by Bridges and Hallinger (1995) to determine the usefulness of a handbook for principals to utilize as they plan professional development. The handbook was developed, field tested and revised using Borg and Gall's (2003) research and development cycle. This qualitative study included surveys, observations, interviews and workshops to determine the usefulness of the handbook. The study consisted of preliminary field testing and product revision followed by the main field testing. The main field test was a workshop for K-12 school and district level administrators on how to use the handbook in planning meaningful, ongoing teacher professional development. The data collected in this study determined that the handbook,Teachers Teaching Teachers: Designing Successful Teacher Professional Development on a Shoestring Budget, is a useful tool for school administrators responsible for planning teacher professional development. Title: Teachers Teaching Teachers: A Sustainable and Inexpensive Professional Development Program to Improve Instruction Author: Campbell, Carol L. Year: 2014 School districts face tremendous budget challenges and, as a result, professional development has been "trimmed" from many school budgets. (Habegger & Hodanbosi, 2011). School administrators responsible for planning professional development face a daunting task and often focus on PowerPoints, district mandated training, one-shot presentations, and workshops that are delivered by expensive experts. These types of activities lack teacher collaboration, time for sharing of ideas and opportunity for reflection and analysis (Torff & Byrnes, 2011, Coggins, Zuckerman & Mckelvey, 2010). The problem addressed in this study is that teacher professional development is usually planned by school administrators who are provided little support or training. This study used the problem-based learning approach designed by Bridges and Hallinger (1995) to determine the usefulness of a handbook for principals to utilize as they plan professional development. The handbook was developed, field tested and revised using Borg and Gall's (2003) research and development cycle. This qualitative study included surveys, observations, interviews and workshops to determine the usefulness of the handbook. The study consisted of preliminary field testing and product revision followed by the main field testing. The main field test was a workshop for K-12 school and district level administrators on how to use the handbook in planning meaningful, ongoing teacher professional development. The data collected in this study determined that the handbook,Teachers Teaching Teachers: Designing Successful Teacher Professional Development on a Shoestring Budget, is a useful tool for school administrators responsible for planning teacher professional development. Close

• 15. [Article] The Sunset District: NAIOP Real Estate Development Workshop

  Students in the PSU Real Estate Development Workshop produce a development plan for a property site in Washington County, Oregon known as the Sunset District. Their task was to produce an original development ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The Sunset District: NAIOP Real Estate Development Workshop Author: Cheong, Bryant, Craigie, Matthew, Le, Khoa, Sakamoto, Jeff, Weidmann, Michael, Wu, Kent Year: 2012 Students in the PSU Real Estate Development Workshop produce a development plan for a property site in Washington County, Oregon known as the Sunset District. Their task was to produce an original development plan, including the development concept, market analysis, conceptual design, economic analysis, capital and operations budget, and management plan. Title: The Sunset District: NAIOP Real Estate Development Workshop Author: Cheong, Bryant, Craigie, Matthew, Le, Khoa, Sakamoto, Jeff, Weidmann, Michael, Wu, Kent Year: 2012 Students in the PSU Real Estate Development Workshop produce a development plan for a property site in Washington County, Oregon known as the Sunset District. Their task was to produce an original development plan, including the development concept, market analysis, conceptual design, economic analysis, capital and operations budget, and management plan. Close

• 16. [Article] The Water Tower: BOMA Real Estate Development Workshop

  Students in the PSU Real Estate Development Workshop produce a development plan for a property site in Portland known as The Water Tower. Their task was to produce an original development plan, including ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The Water Tower: BOMA Real Estate Development Workshop Author: Gum, Michael, Meinhold, Travis, Brakken, Morgan, Pile, Robert, Rahimi, Noshad, Tea, Frank, Powell, Mitch, Bader, Kali Year: 2013 Students in the PSU Real Estate Development Workshop produce a development plan for a property site in Portland known as The Water Tower. Their task was to produce an original development plan, including the development concept, the market analysis, the conceptual design, economic analysis, capital and operations budget, and management plan. Title: The Water Tower: BOMA Real Estate Development Workshop Author: Gum, Michael, Meinhold, Travis, Brakken, Morgan, Pile, Robert, Rahimi, Noshad, Tea, Frank, Powell, Mitch, Bader, Kali Year: 2013 Students in the PSU Real Estate Development Workshop produce a development plan for a property site in Portland known as The Water Tower. Their task was to produce an original development plan, including the development concept, the market analysis, the conceptual design, economic analysis, capital and operations budget, and management plan. Close

• 17. [Article] The Benson Blocks: BOMA Real Estate Development Workshop

  Portland State University's Center for Real Estate students produce a development plan for a property site in Portland known as the Benson Blocks. Their task was to produce an original development plan, ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The Benson Blocks: BOMA Real Estate Development Workshop Author: Wesa, Suvi, Abramowitz, Evan, Brown, Kyle, Hanna, Jennifer, Longfield, Chris, Reeves, Karen Year: 2011 Portland State University's Center for Real Estate students produce a development plan for a property site in Portland known as the Benson Blocks. Their task was to produce an original development plan, including the development concept, market analysis, conceptual design, economic analysis, capital and operations budget, and management plan. The students' plan demonstrates and applies mastery of the development concepts and tools learned through their real estate certificate coursework. Title: The Benson Blocks: BOMA Real Estate Development Workshop Author: Wesa, Suvi, Abramowitz, Evan, Brown, Kyle, Hanna, Jennifer, Longfield, Chris, Reeves, Karen Year: 2011 Portland State University's Center for Real Estate students produce a development plan for a property site in Portland known as the Benson Blocks. Their task was to produce an original development plan, including the development concept, market analysis, conceptual design, economic analysis, capital and operations budget, and management plan. The students' plan demonstrates and applies mastery of the development concepts and tools learned through their real estate certificate coursework. Close

• 18. [Article] The Eastside Central: NAIOP Real Estate Development Workshop

  Students in the PSU Real Estate Development Workshop produce a development plan for Portland's Central Eastside District. Their task was to produce an original development plan, including the development ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The Eastside Central: NAIOP Real Estate Development Workshop Author: Wu, Kent, Schindler, Jeff, Faro, Jana, Falkenberg, Geoff, Delascio, Blas, Guo, Angela, Heredia, Elizabeth Year: 2014 Students in the PSU Real Estate Development Workshop produce a development plan for Portland's Central Eastside District. Their task was to produce an original development plan, including the development concept, market analysis, conceptual design, economic analysis, capital and operations budget, and management plan. Title: The Eastside Central: NAIOP Real Estate Development Workshop Author: Wu, Kent, Schindler, Jeff, Faro, Jana, Falkenberg, Geoff, Delascio, Blas, Guo, Angela, Heredia, Elizabeth Year: 2014 Students in the PSU Real Estate Development Workshop produce a development plan for Portland's Central Eastside District. Their task was to produce an original development plan, including the development concept, market analysis, conceptual design, economic analysis, capital and operations budget, and management plan. Close

• 19. [Article] 1631 NW Thurman: BOMA Real Estate Development Workshop

  Students in the PSU Real Estate Development Workshop produce a development plan for a property site in Portland's Pearl District. Their task was to produce an original development plan, including the development ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: 1631 NW Thurman: BOMA Real Estate Development Workshop Author: Wang, James, West, Jovan, Faro, Jana, West, Jason, McMonies, Maddie, Remmers, Tom Year: 2014 Students in the PSU Real Estate Development Workshop produce a development plan for a property site in Portland's Pearl District. Their task was to produce an original development plan, including the development concept, the market analysis, the conceptual design, economic analysis, capital and operations budget, and management plan. Title: 1631 NW Thurman: BOMA Real Estate Development Workshop Author: Wang, James, West, Jovan, Faro, Jana, West, Jason, McMonies, Maddie, Remmers, Tom Year: 2014 Students in the PSU Real Estate Development Workshop produce a development plan for a property site in Portland's Pearl District. Their task was to produce an original development plan, including the development concept, the market analysis, the conceptual design, economic analysis, capital and operations budget, and management plan. Close

• 20. [Article] Presentation: Proving Sustainability: The International Development Monitoring Initiative

  Presentation detailing the activities and products of the Sustainable Water, Energy and Environmental Technologies Laboratory at Portland State University (SWEETLab). The lab also works to develop standards ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Presentation: Proving Sustainability: The International Development Monitoring Initiative Author: Thomas, Evan A. Year: 2011 Presentation detailing the activities and products of the Sustainable Water, Energy and Environmental Technologies Laboratory at Portland State University (SWEETLab). The lab also works to develop standards to help evaluate and compare projects and outcomes around the world. Water treatment and sanitation practices, as well as newly designed cookstoves, are highlighted. Title: Presentation: Proving Sustainability: The International Development Monitoring Initiative Author: Thomas, Evan A. Year: 2011 Presentation detailing the activities and products of the Sustainable Water, Energy and Environmental Technologies Laboratory at Portland State University (SWEETLab). The lab also works to develop standards to help evaluate and compare projects and outcomes around the world. Water treatment and sanitation practices, as well as newly designed cookstoves, are highlighted. Close

• 21. [Article] The Morrison Mercantile: BOMA Real Estate Development Workshop

  Students in the PSU Real Estate Development Workshop produce a development plan for 12 properties located on the Central Eastside Industrial District (CEID). These properties are owned by the Pelett Family. ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The Morrison Mercantile: BOMA Real Estate Development Workshop Author: Alballaa, Khalid, Clark, Kevin, Fryer, Barbara, Harrison, Carly, Harrison, A. Synkai, Hutchinson, Liz, Kueny, Scott, Pattison, Erik, Raynor, Nate, Terry, Clancy, Thomas, Joel Year: 2015 Students in the PSU Real Estate Development Workshop produce a development plan for 12 properties located on the Central Eastside Industrial District (CEID). These properties are owned by the Pelett Family. Their task was to produce an original development plan, including the development concept, the market analysis, the conceptual design, economic analysis, capital and operations budget, and management plan. Title: The Morrison Mercantile: BOMA Real Estate Development Workshop Author: Alballaa, Khalid, Clark, Kevin, Fryer, Barbara, Harrison, Carly, Harrison, A. Synkai, Hutchinson, Liz, Kueny, Scott, Pattison, Erik, Raynor, Nate, Terry, Clancy, Thomas, Joel Year: 2015 Students in the PSU Real Estate Development Workshop produce a development plan for 12 properties located on the Central Eastside Industrial District (CEID). These properties are owned by the Pelett Family. Their task was to produce an original development plan, including the development concept, the market analysis, the conceptual design, economic analysis, capital and operations budget, and management plan. Close

• 22. [Article] Capital Flows, Political Performance, and Development

  This research explores the impact of various forms of capital flows on economic growth and development for a group of 120 countries from 1980-2007. Traditional growth literature as well as the textbook ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Capital Flows, Political Performance, and Development Author: Umar Wahedi, Ayesha Year: 2011 This research explores the impact of various forms of capital flows on economic growth and development for a group of 120 countries from 1980-2007. Traditional growth literature as well as the textbook theory of economic growth looks at capital flows as playing a vital role in fostering economic growth and development. The textbook theories, as well as the existing approaches to study the capital flows and economic development connection, use growth and development interchangeably. This analysis, examines the consequences of different capital flows on growth and development separately because the determinants of growth may not be the same as the determinants of development. This distinction becomes even more applicable when observing the cases of countries that have experienced economic growth during certain periods but were unable to translate the increase in economic growth to development. To investigate the impact of various forms of capital flows, this dissertation utilizes life expectancy in addition to economic growth, as a measure of development. The results from using the two measures show that capital flows have dissimilar impact on life expectancy as well as economic growth. The central proposition of this dissertation is that not all forms of capital flows are created equal. Furthermore, countries at different levels of development may differ in their absorptive capacity of the capital. Thus, the ability of a country to harness capital for development depends upon its absorptive capacity, presence of domestic resources and the capabilities of national governments. This study therefore not only looks at the role played by various forms of capital flows on growth and development, but also takes into account the role of political performance of national governments that can play an important role in maximizing the efficiency of the investments. To investigate what kinds of flows are beneficial at different levels of development, this analysis further divides the dataset into three samples of developed countries, emerging markets and less developed countries. The results indicate that the impact of different capital flows varies across the three subsamples. By categorizing capital flows into categories of international capital flows, domestic capital, and remittances, this research also finds that the type of investment, as well as the source of investment (foreign vs. domestic), indeed does matter. The analysis suggests that the key to harnessing capital for development lies with capable governments and efficient use of domestic resources. In absence of capable governments, influx of foreign capital flows can manifest itself in ways that are harmful to the progress of developing societies. Title: Capital Flows, Political Performance, and Development Author: Umar Wahedi, Ayesha Year: 2011 This research explores the impact of various forms of capital flows on economic growth and development for a group of 120 countries from 1980-2007. Traditional growth literature as well as the textbook theory of economic growth looks at capital flows as playing a vital role in fostering economic growth and development. The textbook theories, as well as the existing approaches to study the capital flows and economic development connection, use growth and development interchangeably. This analysis, examines the consequences of different capital flows on growth and development separately because the determinants of growth may not be the same as the determinants of development. This distinction becomes even more applicable when observing the cases of countries that have experienced economic growth during certain periods but were unable to translate the increase in economic growth to development. To investigate the impact of various forms of capital flows, this dissertation utilizes life expectancy in addition to economic growth, as a measure of development. The results from using the two measures show that capital flows have dissimilar impact on life expectancy as well as economic growth. The central proposition of this dissertation is that not all forms of capital flows are created equal. Furthermore, countries at different levels of development may differ in their absorptive capacity of the capital. Thus, the ability of a country to harness capital for development depends upon its absorptive capacity, presence of domestic resources and the capabilities of national governments. This study therefore not only looks at the role played by various forms of capital flows on growth and development, but also takes into account the role of political performance of national governments that can play an important role in maximizing the efficiency of the investments. To investigate what kinds of flows are beneficial at different levels of development, this analysis further divides the dataset into three samples of developed countries, emerging markets and less developed countries. The results indicate that the impact of different capital flows varies across the three subsamples. By categorizing capital flows into categories of international capital flows, domestic capital, and remittances, this research also finds that the type of investment, as well as the source of investment (foreign vs. domestic), indeed does matter. The analysis suggests that the key to harnessing capital for development lies with capable governments and efficient use of domestic resources. In absence of capable governments, influx of foreign capital flows can manifest itself in ways that are harmful to the progress of developing societies. Close

• 23. [Article] State Economic Development Information Systems

  The expanded role of state governments in economic development has increased their need for a wide variety of economic, demographic, and marketing information. Many state governments have responded to ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: State Economic Development Information Systems Author: Martin, Sheila A. Year: 1991 The expanded role of state governments in economic development has increased their need for a wide variety of economic, demographic, and marketing information. Many state governments have responded to these needs by developing systems to deliver economic and related information to state and local economic development offices, businesses, and the general public. This paper reports the results of a survey of economic development officials designed to disclose information about how extensive automated system development is, as well as to learn about system structure and operating characteristics, the quality and quantity of the data distributed, and any particular system strengths and weaknesses. A clear definition of agency goals, cooperation among state agencies, and communication with the targeted users are found to be important to the success of a development data system. Title: State Economic Development Information Systems Author: Martin, Sheila A. Year: 1991 The expanded role of state governments in economic development has increased their need for a wide variety of economic, demographic, and marketing information. Many state governments have responded to these needs by developing systems to deliver economic and related information to state and local economic development offices, businesses, and the general public. This paper reports the results of a survey of economic development officials designed to disclose information about how extensive automated system development is, as well as to learn about system structure and operating characteristics, the quality and quantity of the data distributed, and any particular system strengths and weaknesses. A clear definition of agency goals, cooperation among state agencies, and communication with the targeted users are found to be important to the success of a development data system. Close

• 24. [Article] A Comprehensive Strategic Model for the Commercialization of New Product Development Technologies

  A significant amount of time, money and resources can be invested into a new product development effort. In this era of “open innovation,” organizations have additional external commercialization options ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: A Comprehensive Strategic Model for the Commercialization of New Product Development Technologies Author: Baltz, Angie, Bobek, Adam, Combs, Trevor, Imondi, Chris, Soysa, Dinesh, Trippel, Matt Year: 2011 A significant amount of time, money and resources can be invested into a new product development effort. In this era of “open innovation,” organizations have additional external commercialization options to consider compared to development of technology internally. An effective strategic model utilizing open innovation development options is required to exploit market opportunities for commercialization of technologies. These decisions need to be made in the early stages of development to optimize project selection and investment. This paper provides a model to aid the decision maker in identifying the optimal product development approach based upon a methodology grounded in accredited literature and the input of new product development experts. The effectiveness of this model is validated using case studies and interview of past product development efforts. Title: A Comprehensive Strategic Model for the Commercialization of New Product Development Technologies Author: Baltz, Angie, Bobek, Adam, Combs, Trevor, Imondi, Chris, Soysa, Dinesh, Trippel, Matt Year: 2011 A significant amount of time, money and resources can be invested into a new product development effort. In this era of “open innovation,” organizations have additional external commercialization options to consider compared to development of technology internally. An effective strategic model utilizing open innovation development options is required to exploit market opportunities for commercialization of technologies. These decisions need to be made in the early stages of development to optimize project selection and investment. This paper provides a model to aid the decision maker in identifying the optimal product development approach based upon a methodology grounded in accredited literature and the input of new product development experts. The effectiveness of this model is validated using case studies and interview of past product development efforts. Close

• 25. [Article] The Costs of Sprawl: Environmental and Economic Costs of Alternative Residential Development Patterns at the Urban Fringe

  Local government officials devote a large proportion of their time to considering and acting upon development proposals which substantially affect their communities in many ways. While information bearing ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The Costs of Sprawl: Environmental and Economic Costs of Alternative Residential Development Patterns at the Urban Fringe Author: Real Estate Research Corporation Year: 1974 Local government officials devote a large proportion of their time to considering and acting upon development proposals which substantially affect their communities in many ways. While information bearing on development proposals has been increasingly broader in scope, more specific, and of higher quality, local government officials continue to have considerable difficulty in assessing the relative merits of alternative types of housing, general development patterns, and commercial strip versus center developments. To help compensate for this knowledge deficiency, the Council on Environmental Quality (CEQ), in cooperation with the Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) and the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), has commissioned the Real Estate Research Corporation (RERC) to undertake a study of the environmental and economic effects of alternative development patterns. The results of that study are presented in two documents, The Costs of Sprawl — Literature Review and Bibliography and The Costs of Sprawl — Detailed Cost Analysis. The literature review and bibliography summarizes the existing knowledge available to local government officials faced with development decision-making, and presents extensive bibliographies pertaining to that knowledge. Title: The Costs of Sprawl: Environmental and Economic Costs of Alternative Residential Development Patterns at the Urban Fringe Author: Real Estate Research Corporation Year: 1974 Local government officials devote a large proportion of their time to considering and acting upon development proposals which substantially affect their communities in many ways. While information bearing on development proposals has been increasingly broader in scope, more specific, and of higher quality, local government officials continue to have considerable difficulty in assessing the relative merits of alternative types of housing, general development patterns, and commercial strip versus center developments. To help compensate for this knowledge deficiency, the Council on Environmental Quality (CEQ), in cooperation with the Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) and the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), has commissioned the Real Estate Research Corporation (RERC) to undertake a study of the environmental and economic effects of alternative development patterns. The results of that study are presented in two documents, The Costs of Sprawl — Literature Review and Bibliography and The Costs of Sprawl — Detailed Cost Analysis. The literature review and bibliography summarizes the existing knowledge available to local government officials faced with development decision-making, and presents extensive bibliographies pertaining to that knowledge. Close

• 26. [Article] Connecting People and Place Prosperity: Workforce Development and Urban Planning in Scholarship and Practice

  In recent years, the field of workforce development has emerged as a distinct area of policy and practice. While planning scholars have begun to engage with the workforce development field, its relevance ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Connecting People and Place Prosperity: Workforce Development and Urban Planning in Scholarship and Practice Author: Schrock, Greg Year: 2014 In recent years, the field of workforce development has emerged as a distinct area of policy and practice. While planning scholars have begun to engage with the workforce development field, its relevance and points of connection to planning scholarship remain underexplored. This article attempts to define the workforce development field by articulating its core concerns as well as its domains of practice and scholarship outside the planning field. The article locates workforce development within three stands of planning scholarship, concluding that workforce development represents an important bridge for planners between “place” and “people” prosperity within communities. Title: Connecting People and Place Prosperity: Workforce Development and Urban Planning in Scholarship and Practice Author: Schrock, Greg Year: 2014 In recent years, the field of workforce development has emerged as a distinct area of policy and practice. While planning scholars have begun to engage with the workforce development field, its relevance and points of connection to planning scholarship remain underexplored. This article attempts to define the workforce development field by articulating its core concerns as well as its domains of practice and scholarship outside the planning field. The article locates workforce development within three stands of planning scholarship, concluding that workforce development represents an important bridge for planners between “place” and “people” prosperity within communities. Close

• 27. [Article] Workforce Development Network Project Final Contract: Planning Workshop Fall/Winter 1997-1998

  This project will analyze the current workforce development programs and services provided by Community Based Organizations (CBBs), Community Development Corporations (CDCs), community colleges, and the ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Workforce Development Network Project Final Contract: Planning Workshop Fall/Winter 1997-1998 Author: Burnett, Kim, Jackson, Ray, Parrott, Britt, Ransom, Matt, Smith, Claire Year: 1998 This project will analyze the current workforce development programs and services provided by Community Based Organizations (CBBs), Community Development Corporations (CDCs), community colleges, and the Workforce Development Board (formerly TPIC) in Multnomah and Washington counties. Documentation of the gaps and/or redundancies in the provision of workforce development will be provided to the Workforce Development Network (WDN) based upon service provider interviews and research on national models in workforce development. This documentation will be provided in three forms: as a database; as a resource directory; and as an analysis of the gaps in the current system. Title: Workforce Development Network Project Final Contract: Planning Workshop Fall/Winter 1997-1998 Author: Burnett, Kim, Jackson, Ray, Parrott, Britt, Ransom, Matt, Smith, Claire Year: 1998 This project will analyze the current workforce development programs and services provided by Community Based Organizations (CBBs), Community Development Corporations (CDCs), community colleges, and the Workforce Development Board (formerly TPIC) in Multnomah and Washington counties. Documentation of the gaps and/or redundancies in the provision of workforce development will be provided to the Workforce Development Network (WDN) based upon service provider interviews and research on national models in workforce development. This documentation will be provided in three forms: as a database; as a resource directory; and as an analysis of the gaps in the current system. Close

• 28. [Article] Team Building Challenge in New Product Development Teams

  Developing a new product is a complex process that typically involves contributions from many disciplines. The more complex the product, the larger the number and greater heterogeneity of people involved ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Team Building Challenge in New Product Development Teams Author: Haciane, Gaya, Church, Hanni, Xiao, Liyan, Lerdphayakkarat, Rassniya Year: 2016 Developing a new product is a complex process that typically involves contributions from many disciplines. The more complex the product, the larger the number and greater heterogeneity of people involved in the development effort are required. Speed to market, adherence to budget, scale of innovation and creativity are key success factors of a new product development team. How a new product development team should be organized to maximize the output while minimizing the input is a fundamental question global innovation companies are facing. We conducted an article review on 25 influential academic literatures on NPD team challenges and success factors and distilled them into the main points related to team building and leadership. By analyzing four types of prevalent new product development teams’ organization structures, including traditional functional team, cross functional team, multi-cultural innovation team, and global virtual team, we developed four propositions that help to overcome the challenges all new product development teams face. Title: Team Building Challenge in New Product Development Teams Author: Haciane, Gaya, Church, Hanni, Xiao, Liyan, Lerdphayakkarat, Rassniya Year: 2016 Developing a new product is a complex process that typically involves contributions from many disciplines. The more complex the product, the larger the number and greater heterogeneity of people involved in the development effort are required. Speed to market, adherence to budget, scale of innovation and creativity are key success factors of a new product development team. How a new product development team should be organized to maximize the output while minimizing the input is a fundamental question global innovation companies are facing. We conducted an article review on 25 influential academic literatures on NPD team challenges and success factors and distilled them into the main points related to team building and leadership. By analyzing four types of prevalent new product development teams’ organization structures, including traditional functional team, cross functional team, multi-cultural innovation team, and global virtual team, we developed four propositions that help to overcome the challenges all new product development teams face. Close

• 29. [Article] Wherefore by Their Fruits Ye Shall Know Them: An Actor-Network Theory Analysis of Mercy Corps' Peaceful Communities Initiative in Central Asia

  The motivation for this research comes from the belief that an over reliance on a social constructivist perspective has caused development studies in general, and post-development in particular, to under-theorize ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Wherefore by Their Fruits Ye Shall Know Them: An Actor-Network Theory Analysis of Mercy Corps' Peaceful Communities Initiative in Central Asia Author: Westerman, John Thomas Year: 2011 The motivation for this research comes from the belief that an over reliance on a social constructivist perspective has caused development studies in general, and post-development in particular, to under-theorize the role of discourse in development. A key issue in post-development studies concerns whether or not development organizations depoliticize their interventions. The notion of depoliticization provides a perfect occasion for examining more deeply the role of discourse in development. This research uses the actor-network theory constructivist framework to analyze a USAID funded development program in Central Asia (Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan): Mercy Corps' Peaceful Communities Initiative (PCI). The research approach used in this study involved both traditional ethnographic methods and document analysis. The ethnographic case material comes from multiple field visits to PCI offices in Central Asia and multiple visits to a variety of PCI community sites. The documentary evidence comes from a variety of organization and project specific documents. The embedded case studies demonstrate that materiality cannot be easily separated from sociality and that indeed the two are inseparable. Thus development discourse cannot be solely understood as a social phenomenon but could instead be understood as an assemblage of material elements through which both power and sociality flow. Title: Wherefore by Their Fruits Ye Shall Know Them: An Actor-Network Theory Analysis of Mercy Corps' Peaceful Communities Initiative in Central Asia Author: Westerman, John Thomas Year: 2011 The motivation for this research comes from the belief that an over reliance on a social constructivist perspective has caused development studies in general, and post-development in particular, to under-theorize the role of discourse in development. A key issue in post-development studies concerns whether or not development organizations depoliticize their interventions. The notion of depoliticization provides a perfect occasion for examining more deeply the role of discourse in development. This research uses the actor-network theory constructivist framework to analyze a USAID funded development program in Central Asia (Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan): Mercy Corps' Peaceful Communities Initiative (PCI). The research approach used in this study involved both traditional ethnographic methods and document analysis. The ethnographic case material comes from multiple field visits to PCI offices in Central Asia and multiple visits to a variety of PCI community sites. The documentary evidence comes from a variety of organization and project specific documents. The embedded case studies demonstrate that materiality cannot be easily separated from sociality and that indeed the two are inseparable. Thus development discourse cannot be solely understood as a social phenomenon but could instead be understood as an assemblage of material elements through which both power and sociality flow. Close

• 30. [Article] Developing a Strategic Policy Choice Framework for Technological Innovation: Case of Chinese Pharmaceuticals

  With the growing trend of globalization and rapid development of high technologies, emerging economies face more challenges in technology development because they are chasing a fast-moving frontier. They ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Developing a Strategic Policy Choice Framework for Technological Innovation: Case of Chinese Pharmaceuticals Author: Chan, Leong Year: 2013 With the growing trend of globalization and rapid development of high technologies, emerging economies face more challenges in technology development because they are chasing a fast-moving frontier. They need to identify global technology trends and adapt to local needs and capabilities. Strategies for technology development differ among countries at different developmental stages. In this research, a technology policy choice framework is developed to link prospective high-tech areas, technology development strategies, and various innovative resources. The research approach is to develop a hierarchical decision model (HDM) and apply the analytic hierarchical process (AHP). Experts are invited from diverse sources to provide a balanced perspective representing different stakeholders. This research focuses on the fast developing Chinese biopharmaceutical industry as a case study. The results of this research have identified thirteen prospective biotech areas that China should invest more resources for development. These technology areas include: recombinant therapeutic proteins, recombinant vaccines, monoclonal antibody technology, cell and tissue engineering, gene therapy, antisense therapy, RNAi, nanobiotechnology, synthetic biology, bioinformatics, pharmacogenetics, gene sequencing, and biotechnology diagnostics. For most of these technology areas, the results have indicated an imitative innovation strategy should be taken as a better strategy under current technological conditions in China. The research has further found that high-tech small-to-medium companies and multinational corporations are major innovation contributors in the Chinese biopharmaceutical sector. The research outcomes can serve as guidelines in resource allocation and policy making for technology development. Based on the overall research findings, policy-makers can apply more specific policy instruments to support innovation activities. Appropriate policy measures may help the country to construct an innovative ecosystem that can serve as the driving force for future technology development. Title: Developing a Strategic Policy Choice Framework for Technological Innovation: Case of Chinese Pharmaceuticals Author: Chan, Leong Year: 2013 With the growing trend of globalization and rapid development of high technologies, emerging economies face more challenges in technology development because they are chasing a fast-moving frontier. They need to identify global technology trends and adapt to local needs and capabilities. Strategies for technology development differ among countries at different developmental stages. In this research, a technology policy choice framework is developed to link prospective high-tech areas, technology development strategies, and various innovative resources. The research approach is to develop a hierarchical decision model (HDM) and apply the analytic hierarchical process (AHP). Experts are invited from diverse sources to provide a balanced perspective representing different stakeholders. This research focuses on the fast developing Chinese biopharmaceutical industry as a case study. The results of this research have identified thirteen prospective biotech areas that China should invest more resources for development. These technology areas include: recombinant therapeutic proteins, recombinant vaccines, monoclonal antibody technology, cell and tissue engineering, gene therapy, antisense therapy, RNAi, nanobiotechnology, synthetic biology, bioinformatics, pharmacogenetics, gene sequencing, and biotechnology diagnostics. For most of these technology areas, the results have indicated an imitative innovation strategy should be taken as a better strategy under current technological conditions in China. The research has further found that high-tech small-to-medium companies and multinational corporations are major innovation contributors in the Chinese biopharmaceutical sector. The research outcomes can serve as guidelines in resource allocation and policy making for technology development. Based on the overall research findings, policy-makers can apply more specific policy instruments to support innovation activities. Appropriate policy measures may help the country to construct an innovative ecosystem that can serve as the driving force for future technology development. Close

• 31. [Article] Organizational development: an investigation into the knowledge obsolescence of engineers in the electronics industry

  Purpose. This study investigated organizational development climate within the context of an organization experiencing rapid change in its environment resulting in employee knowledge obsolescence. Secondary ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Organizational development: an investigation into the knowledge obsolescence of engineers in the electronics industry Author: Hubbard, Cheryl J. Year: 1986 Purpose. This study investigated organizational development climate within the context of an organization experiencing rapid change in its environment resulting in employee knowledge obsolescence. Secondary purposes were: (1) determine current development methods and behavior; (2) identify preferred development methods; (3) examine the influence of educational background on development; (4) examine the influence length of service on development and (5) investigate reward preferences and their link to development. Procedure. The data were collected through a sample of 550 nonmanager engineers. The questionnaire consisted of individual background information and a modified version of the Work Description Questionnaire for Engineers (WDQE). Environment factors investigated were: (1) organization; (2) management and (3) peer support; (4) communication and involvement and (5) work assignments. Responses were obtained from 320 nonmanager engineers. A chi-square analysis tested hypotheses for education and length of service groups. Summary of Findings and Conclusions. (1) The engineering population differed significantly in their education and length of service backgrounds. (2) Knowledge foundation requirements for entry in the organization in the past five years have increased. (3) Non-degree development is more important for the majority, while degree development is important to bachelor-degreed and shorter length-of-service employees. (4) Reported non-degreed development averaged one course/seminar per year, 2-4 hours of independent reading per week and discussions within the immediate work group. Education groups reported significant differences in internal course/seminar participation and reading behavior. (5) The most effective development methods included a challenging job, reading, an advanced degree, courses/seminars, interdisciplinary teams and internal networking. Education groups showed significant differences for reading and interdisciplinary terms. (6) Primary barriers to development included time, cost, management and workload. (7) The work environment climate for development in the organization was moderate. Peer support received the highest rating; organization, management, and work assignments were rated moderately. (8) The most preferred rewards included salary/merit increases, achievement, advancement, recognition and challenging work. Education groups reported differences in preferred rewards. (9) Moderate opportunity for rewards occurred independent of development behavior. Education groups showed differences in opportunity for challenging work with improved development. Length of service groups reported differences for opportunity of rewards even with increased development. Title: Organizational development: an investigation into the knowledge obsolescence of engineers in the electronics industry Author: Hubbard, Cheryl J. Year: 1986 Purpose. This study investigated organizational development climate within the context of an organization experiencing rapid change in its environment resulting in employee knowledge obsolescence. Secondary purposes were: (1) determine current development methods and behavior; (2) identify preferred development methods; (3) examine the influence of educational background on development; (4) examine the influence length of service on development and (5) investigate reward preferences and their link to development. Procedure. The data were collected through a sample of 550 nonmanager engineers. The questionnaire consisted of individual background information and a modified version of the Work Description Questionnaire for Engineers (WDQE). Environment factors investigated were: (1) organization; (2) management and (3) peer support; (4) communication and involvement and (5) work assignments. Responses were obtained from 320 nonmanager engineers. A chi-square analysis tested hypotheses for education and length of service groups. Summary of Findings and Conclusions. (1) The engineering population differed significantly in their education and length of service backgrounds. (2) Knowledge foundation requirements for entry in the organization in the past five years have increased. (3) Non-degree development is more important for the majority, while degree development is important to bachelor-degreed and shorter length-of-service employees. (4) Reported non-degreed development averaged one course/seminar per year, 2-4 hours of independent reading per week and discussions within the immediate work group. Education groups reported significant differences in internal course/seminar participation and reading behavior. (5) The most effective development methods included a challenging job, reading, an advanced degree, courses/seminars, interdisciplinary teams and internal networking. Education groups showed significant differences for reading and interdisciplinary terms. (6) Primary barriers to development included time, cost, management and workload. (7) The work environment climate for development in the organization was moderate. Peer support received the highest rating; organization, management, and work assignments were rated moderately. (8) The most preferred rewards included salary/merit increases, achievement, advancement, recognition and challenging work. Education groups reported differences in preferred rewards. (9) Moderate opportunity for rewards occurred independent of development behavior. Education groups showed differences in opportunity for challenging work with improved development. Length of service groups reported differences for opportunity of rewards even with increased development. Close

• 32. [Article] Improving Global Impact: How the Integration of Remotely Reporting Sensors in Water Projects may Demonstrate and Enhance Positive Change

  This article argues that improved feedback on the actual impact of development programs may ensure the success of poverty reduction interventions such as water filters, water pumps, latrines, and cooks...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Improving Global Impact: How the Integration of Remotely Reporting Sensors in Water Projects may Demonstrate and Enhance Positive Change Author: Thomas, Evan A. Year: 2013 This article argues that improved feedback on the actual impact of development programs may ensure the success of poverty reduction interventions such as water filters, water pumps, latrines, and cookstoves. Title: Improving Global Impact: How the Integration of Remotely Reporting Sensors in Water Projects may Demonstrate and Enhance Positive Change Author: Thomas, Evan A. Year: 2013 This article argues that improved feedback on the actual impact of development programs may ensure the success of poverty reduction interventions such as water filters, water pumps, latrines, and cookstoves. Close

• 33. [Article] Travel Drink Heater: New Product Development Log

  The purpose of the development log is to convey the readers and the audience about the development of our product from initiating idea until developing the prototype and also analyzing product development ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Travel Drink Heater: New Product Development Log Author: Ashokkumar, Ramkumar, Hsieh, Yi-Lung, Lin, Yu-Hsiang, Mahaphol, Inthrayuth Year: 2010 The purpose of the development log is to convey the readers and the audience about the development of our product from initiating idea until developing the prototype and also analyzing product development economics for the product. The readers and the intended audience of the development log can be anybody who is willing to know about choosing a technology in developing a Travel Beverage Heater. The problem that was not currently addressed by various other technologies and products was to heat the drink anywhere and at anytime. The current technologies that are used to heat the drink are not safer which could cause burns and hurt the customers, not easy to carry, not compact, some chemical based products have also caused injuries to the customers and were not eco friendly. Hence, to address these needs we have developed a product through our thorough research and analysis. The scope of the development log report doesn’t cover much in depth about the circuit design or in depth product specifications. It discusses about various possible technologies in high level that can be used such as chemical based, Butane fuel based and finally battery power based technology which could heat the drink. Hence, having a some prior knowledge about these chemicals and technologies would help to better understand the product but it is not mandatory. The methodology adopted was finding market opportunity through gap analysis of the competitors’ products which were customer complaints unaddressed by the other products which lead to the initiation of idea of developing a product which could heat the drink that is light, easy to use and safe to carry. Further we considered various potential customer segments that may be willing to buy this product, followed by selecting a potential target segment who were parents having babies and on further interviewing we found the customer needs and then interpreted the needs. The technology was selected based on interviewing the Mothers who have babies which was finally found to be battery based and later we used needs-metrics matrix to come up with product specifications. Final stage of developing the product was product design which was found to be spiral type design after evaluating various other designs. Finally, we calculated product development economics which includes unit production cost, net present value and break even analysis. The development log report starts with product development process which includes product planning and concept development, followed by design phase, product development economics, lessons learned and follow on research. Title: Travel Drink Heater: New Product Development Log Author: Ashokkumar, Ramkumar, Hsieh, Yi-Lung, Lin, Yu-Hsiang, Mahaphol, Inthrayuth Year: 2010 The purpose of the development log is to convey the readers and the audience about the development of our product from initiating idea until developing the prototype and also analyzing product development economics for the product. The readers and the intended audience of the development log can be anybody who is willing to know about choosing a technology in developing a Travel Beverage Heater. The problem that was not currently addressed by various other technologies and products was to heat the drink anywhere and at anytime. The current technologies that are used to heat the drink are not safer which could cause burns and hurt the customers, not easy to carry, not compact, some chemical based products have also caused injuries to the customers and were not eco friendly. Hence, to address these needs we have developed a product through our thorough research and analysis. The scope of the development log report doesn’t cover much in depth about the circuit design or in depth product specifications. It discusses about various possible technologies in high level that can be used such as chemical based, Butane fuel based and finally battery power based technology which could heat the drink. Hence, having a some prior knowledge about these chemicals and technologies would help to better understand the product but it is not mandatory. The methodology adopted was finding market opportunity through gap analysis of the competitors’ products which were customer complaints unaddressed by the other products which lead to the initiation of idea of developing a product which could heat the drink that is light, easy to use and safe to carry. Further we considered various potential customer segments that may be willing to buy this product, followed by selecting a potential target segment who were parents having babies and on further interviewing we found the customer needs and then interpreted the needs. The technology was selected based on interviewing the Mothers who have babies which was finally found to be battery based and later we used needs-metrics matrix to come up with product specifications. Final stage of developing the product was product design which was found to be spiral type design after evaluating various other designs. Finally, we calculated product development economics which includes unit production cost, net present value and break even analysis. The development log report starts with product development process which includes product planning and concept development, followed by design phase, product development economics, lessons learned and follow on research. Close

• 34. [Article] Investigation of the Duration and Efficiency of New Product Development Programs

  This report examines the duration and efficiency of new product development programs. The objective is to investigate engineering trends, and to identify program characteristics that shorten the development ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Investigation of the Duration and Efficiency of New Product Development Programs Author: Cross, Darrell K. Year: 1988 This report examines the duration and efficiency of new product development programs. The objective is to investigate engineering trends, and to identify program characteristics that shorten the development cycle and/or reduce the resources required to develop new products. We chose the automobile industry as the target industry due to the availability of information, but our findings can be applied to other products and industries. Title: Investigation of the Duration and Efficiency of New Product Development Programs Author: Cross, Darrell K. Year: 1988 This report examines the duration and efficiency of new product development programs. The objective is to investigate engineering trends, and to identify program characteristics that shorten the development cycle and/or reduce the resources required to develop new products. We chose the automobile industry as the target industry due to the availability of information, but our findings can be applied to other products and industries. Close

• 35. [Article] Identity Development of Adolescent Gay Black Males

  During adolescence, self-identified gay black males may develop their identities differently than their gay white male counterparts. This may be attributed to the reconciliation of stressors when developing ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Identity Development of Adolescent Gay Black Males Author: Crumley, Miles J. Year: 2013 During adolescence, self-identified gay black males may develop their identities differently than their gay white male counterparts. This may be attributed to the reconciliation of stressors when developing gay, black, and male identities within certain environmental contexts. To investigate this, twelve qualitative interviews were conducted of gay black males from which developmental themes were extracted. While many of the developmental processes are similar to their white homosexual counterparts, some differences were noted regarding racism, objectification by the white gay community, and use of the internet to develop particular identities. A new theory using dynamic systems theory that includes many complexities of identity development is proposed. A hybrid story-like model was developed to illustrate the roles of lenses and buffers as they pertain to how an identity functions. Lenses allow a person to see their way through a variety of experiences; buffers contain coping mechanisms and skills to alleviate tension from negative experiences. Future research should include other minority groups and women for a more complete picture of identity development processes. This would allow better tools to be built that can be utilized by intervention designers. Title: Identity Development of Adolescent Gay Black Males Author: Crumley, Miles J. Year: 2013 During adolescence, self-identified gay black males may develop their identities differently than their gay white male counterparts. This may be attributed to the reconciliation of stressors when developing gay, black, and male identities within certain environmental contexts. To investigate this, twelve qualitative interviews were conducted of gay black males from which developmental themes were extracted. While many of the developmental processes are similar to their white homosexual counterparts, some differences were noted regarding racism, objectification by the white gay community, and use of the internet to develop particular identities. A new theory using dynamic systems theory that includes many complexities of identity development is proposed. A hybrid story-like model was developed to illustrate the roles of lenses and buffers as they pertain to how an identity functions. Lenses allow a person to see their way through a variety of experiences; buffers contain coping mechanisms and skills to alleviate tension from negative experiences. Future research should include other minority groups and women for a more complete picture of identity development processes. This would allow better tools to be built that can be utilized by intervention designers. Close

• 36. [Article] Overlooked Density: Re-Thinking Transportation Options in Suburbia

  Suburban multifamily housing is an often overlooked housing typology that is the fasted growing housing market in the country and holds strong potential for achieving smart growth goals in suburbia. This ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Overlooked Density: Re-Thinking Transportation Options in Suburbia Author: Larco, Nico Year: 2010 Suburban multifamily housing is an often overlooked housing typology that is the fasted growing housing market in the country and holds strong potential for achieving smart growth goals in suburbia. This housing type is ubiquitous throughout all regions in the nation, is a widespread example of density in suburbia, and is typically located next to commercial uses. The proximity between suburban multifamily housing and commercial uses creates the potential for nodes of concentrated activity, mixed use, and the possibility of substantial non-auto transport in suburbia. While this potential exists, the design of this housing type often follows an enclaved pattern of development, negating any synergy, minimizing the possibility of non-auto transport, and denying any potential for sustainable development. Through case studies of suburban multifamily development in Oregon, Arizona, Florida, and Massachusetts, this report looks at the specific ways in which regulation, typical development practice, and design culture have shaped the current pattern of suburban multifamily development. Each case study includes graphic analysis of physical development patterns, interviews with planners, architects, property managers and developers who worked on the case study projects, regulatory analysis of case study jurisdictions, and surveys of residents. Title: Overlooked Density: Re-Thinking Transportation Options in Suburbia Author: Larco, Nico Year: 2010 Suburban multifamily housing is an often overlooked housing typology that is the fasted growing housing market in the country and holds strong potential for achieving smart growth goals in suburbia. This housing type is ubiquitous throughout all regions in the nation, is a widespread example of density in suburbia, and is typically located next to commercial uses. The proximity between suburban multifamily housing and commercial uses creates the potential for nodes of concentrated activity, mixed use, and the possibility of substantial non-auto transport in suburbia. While this potential exists, the design of this housing type often follows an enclaved pattern of development, negating any synergy, minimizing the possibility of non-auto transport, and denying any potential for sustainable development. Through case studies of suburban multifamily development in Oregon, Arizona, Florida, and Massachusetts, this report looks at the specific ways in which regulation, typical development practice, and design culture have shaped the current pattern of suburban multifamily development. Each case study includes graphic analysis of physical development patterns, interviews with planners, architects, property managers and developers who worked on the case study projects, regulatory analysis of case study jurisdictions, and surveys of residents. Close

• 37. [Article] Spirituality and Religion in Women's Leadership for Sustainable Development in Crisis Conditions: The Case of Burma

  This research focuses on women's leadership roles for sustainable development in crisis conditions with particular attention to the foundations of the leadership roles of women based in spirituality and ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Spirituality and Religion in Women's Leadership for Sustainable Development in Crisis Conditions: The Case of Burma Author: Myint, Phyusin Myo Kyaw Year: 2014 This research focuses on women's leadership roles for sustainable development in crisis conditions with particular attention to the foundations of the leadership roles of women based in spirituality and religion. The research question for this study ask: How do religious and spiritual traditions contribute to the leadership roles of women that can be effective in building sustainable development in crisis conditions? The study uses a content analysis of a key body of women's writings from Burma. The findings from the data explain some of the ways in which spirituality and religion have played significant roles in promoting the leadership of women at the community level for sustainable development under crisis conditions. The study contributes to theory development by generating a set of propositions on the leadership roles of women drawing from religious and spiritual traditions that can be tested in other regions and countries. The study also offers a set of lessons for sustainable development practice. Title: Spirituality and Religion in Women's Leadership for Sustainable Development in Crisis Conditions: The Case of Burma Author: Myint, Phyusin Myo Kyaw Year: 2014 This research focuses on women's leadership roles for sustainable development in crisis conditions with particular attention to the foundations of the leadership roles of women based in spirituality and religion. The research question for this study ask: How do religious and spiritual traditions contribute to the leadership roles of women that can be effective in building sustainable development in crisis conditions? The study uses a content analysis of a key body of women's writings from Burma. The findings from the data explain some of the ways in which spirituality and religion have played significant roles in promoting the leadership of women at the community level for sustainable development under crisis conditions. The study contributes to theory development by generating a set of propositions on the leadership roles of women drawing from religious and spiritual traditions that can be tested in other regions and countries. The study also offers a set of lessons for sustainable development practice. Close

• 38. [Article] Technology Roadmap Through Fuzzy Cognitive Map-Based Scenarios: The Case of Wind Energy Sector of a Developing Country

  In this research, a national-level wind energy roadmap is developed through scenario planning. Multiple future scenarios are developed using the fuzzy cognitive maps (FCM) approach. This research has extended ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Technology Roadmap Through Fuzzy Cognitive Map-Based Scenarios: The Case of Wind Energy Sector of a Developing Country Author: Amer, Muhammad, Daim, Tugrul Unsal, Jetter, Antonie J. Year: 2015 In this research, a national-level wind energy roadmap is developed through scenario planning. Multiple future scenarios are developed using the fuzzy cognitive maps (FCM) approach. This research has extended technology roadmapping (TRM) through FCM-based scenario analysis. Building scenarios with FCM is a new approach, and for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, FCM-based scenarios are developed for the wind energy sector of a developing country. Based on these multiple scenarios, a TRM has been developed. Scenario planning and TRM techniques are combined in this study. This research approach is applied to the wind energy sector of Pakistan as a research case. The TRM has four layers: strategic objectives, targets, barriers, and action items. Expert judgement is used to develop scenarios and TRMs. Title: Technology Roadmap Through Fuzzy Cognitive Map-Based Scenarios: The Case of Wind Energy Sector of a Developing Country Author: Amer, Muhammad, Daim, Tugrul Unsal, Jetter, Antonie J. Year: 2015 In this research, a national-level wind energy roadmap is developed through scenario planning. Multiple future scenarios are developed using the fuzzy cognitive maps (FCM) approach. This research has extended technology roadmapping (TRM) through FCM-based scenario analysis. Building scenarios with FCM is a new approach, and for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, FCM-based scenarios are developed for the wind energy sector of a developing country. Based on these multiple scenarios, a TRM has been developed. Scenario planning and TRM techniques are combined in this study. This research approach is applied to the wind energy sector of Pakistan as a research case. The TRM has four layers: strategic objectives, targets, barriers, and action items. Expert judgement is used to develop scenarios and TRMs. Close

• 39. [Article] Following the Teacher’s Lead in Professional Development to Improve Classroom Talk Around Texts

  This study examines the process of teacher learning in the context of highly responsive, ongoing professional development centered on classroom talk around texts. A classroom teacher and a university researcher ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Following the Teacher’s Lead in Professional Development to Improve Classroom Talk Around Texts Author: McElhone, Dot, Tilley, Teri Year: 2013 This study examines the process of teacher learning in the context of highly responsive, ongoing professional development centered on classroom talk around texts. A classroom teacher and a university researcher met weekly to view, analyze, and discuss videos of reading instruction recorded in the teacher's fifthgrade classroom. The professional development sessions were framed as teacherdriven action research. This paper traces the evolution of the intensive professional development activity across one semester and describes the process by which the teacher-researcher appropriated practical and conceptual tools for facilitating class discussions of texts. Results highlight the value of positioning teachers as intellectually capable and honoring their agendas for professional development. Insights are offered regarding a model of professional development that can support teacher agency, address local problems of practice, and simultaneously leverage professional developer expertise to build both new practices and new concepts that can be used to solve novel problems. Title: Following the Teacher’s Lead in Professional Development to Improve Classroom Talk Around Texts Author: McElhone, Dot, Tilley, Teri Year: 2013 This study examines the process of teacher learning in the context of highly responsive, ongoing professional development centered on classroom talk around texts. A classroom teacher and a university researcher met weekly to view, analyze, and discuss videos of reading instruction recorded in the teacher's fifthgrade classroom. The professional development sessions were framed as teacherdriven action research. This paper traces the evolution of the intensive professional development activity across one semester and describes the process by which the teacher-researcher appropriated practical and conceptual tools for facilitating class discussions of texts. Results highlight the value of positioning teachers as intellectually capable and honoring their agendas for professional development. Insights are offered regarding a model of professional development that can support teacher agency, address local problems of practice, and simultaneously leverage professional developer expertise to build both new practices and new concepts that can be used to solve novel problems. Close

• 40. [Article] Putting the Region to Work: an Analysis of Workforce Development Services in Multnomah and Washington Counties

  This study was produced primarily as a tool for policy advocacy Workforce Development members therefore much of the analysis focuses on the role that community based organizations and community development ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Putting the Region to Work: an Analysis of Workforce Development Services in Multnomah and Washington Counties Author: Burnett, Kim, Jackson, Ray, Parrott, Britt, Ransom, Matt, Smith, Claire Year: 1998 This study was produced primarily as a tool for policy advocacy Workforce Development members therefore much of the analysis focuses on the role that community based organizations and community development corporations play in workforce development. However, policy makers and technical assistance providers, such as the Workforce Development Board, as well as government agencies, also play a critical role in the region’s workforce development system. Although this report does not focus as much on the role of these agencies, further study is needed to offer suggestions for how these players can best coordinate their efforts with that of community based organizations to meet the needs of participating clients and employers. Title: Putting the Region to Work: an Analysis of Workforce Development Services in Multnomah and Washington Counties Author: Burnett, Kim, Jackson, Ray, Parrott, Britt, Ransom, Matt, Smith, Claire Year: 1998 This study was produced primarily as a tool for policy advocacy Workforce Development members therefore much of the analysis focuses on the role that community based organizations and community development corporations play in workforce development. However, policy makers and technical assistance providers, such as the Workforce Development Board, as well as government agencies, also play a critical role in the region’s workforce development system. Although this report does not focus as much on the role of these agencies, further study is needed to offer suggestions for how these players can best coordinate their efforts with that of community based organizations to meet the needs of participating clients and employers. Close

• 41. [Article] Workforce Development Network Resource Directory: a Directory of Workforce Development Service Providers in Multnomah and Washington Counties

  This resource directory was produced for the Workforce Development Network (WDN) by a group of graduate students in the Urban and Regional Planning masters program at Portland State University. The project ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Workforce Development Network Resource Directory: a Directory of Workforce Development Service Providers in Multnomah and Washington Counties Author: Burnett, Kim, Jackson, Ray, Parrott, Britt, Ransom, Matt, Smith, Claire Year: 1998 This resource directory was produced for the Workforce Development Network (WDN) by a group of graduate students in the Urban and Regional Planning masters program at Portland State University. The project team consisted of Kim Burnett, Ray Jackson, Britt Parrott, Mat Ransom, and Claire Smith. The information for the directory was collected through interviews with service providers identified by WDN and the Workforce development Board. The scope of the resource directory is limited to adult workforce development programs in Multnomah and Washington Counties and does not include temporary employment agencies or apprenticeship and pre-apprenticeship programs due to time and resource constraints. These programs, as well as programs for youth, are important components of workforce development. Services in the region and we recommend that they be inventoried and analyzed in the future. Title: Workforce Development Network Resource Directory: a Directory of Workforce Development Service Providers in Multnomah and Washington Counties Author: Burnett, Kim, Jackson, Ray, Parrott, Britt, Ransom, Matt, Smith, Claire Year: 1998 This resource directory was produced for the Workforce Development Network (WDN) by a group of graduate students in the Urban and Regional Planning masters program at Portland State University. The project team consisted of Kim Burnett, Ray Jackson, Britt Parrott, Mat Ransom, and Claire Smith. The information for the directory was collected through interviews with service providers identified by WDN and the Workforce development Board. The scope of the resource directory is limited to adult workforce development programs in Multnomah and Washington Counties and does not include temporary employment agencies or apprenticeship and pre-apprenticeship programs due to time and resource constraints. These programs, as well as programs for youth, are important components of workforce development. Services in the region and we recommend that they be inventoried and analyzed in the future. Close

• 42. [Article] Cathedral Waterfront Plan

  The Cathedral Park Neighborhood Association anticipated the imminent development of 15-acres of waterfront property (the Steel Hammer Site) in the heart of their community and worked with the PSU MURP ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Cathedral Waterfront Plan Author: Murthy, Mathangi, Boschetti, Tabitha, Anderson, Michelle, Kini, Saumya, Lehman, Rosa, Brown, Violet Year: 2015 The Cathedral Park Neighborhood Association anticipated the imminent development of 15-acres of waterfront property (the Steel Hammer Site) in the heart of their community and worked with the PSU MURP team to bolster the voice of the community through public engagement and thoughtful urban planning. The student team reached out to the neighbors, talked with shareholders, conducted site analysis, and developed a shared community vision for the Steel Hammer Site, which resulted the Cathedral Waterfront Plan that includes: Twelve community goals for future development Three scenarios demonstrating how development on the Steel Hammer Site could contribute to community priorities without disregarding practical and business considerations Strategies for negotiating community benefits on the site The PSU student team also developed a toolkit of strategies and tips for future public engagement in the neighborhood and ways the neighborhood can influence the development process in light of the current and intense market pressures in North Portland. This project was conducted under the supervision of Sy Adler, Marisa A. Zapata and Susan Hartnett Title: Cathedral Waterfront Plan Author: Murthy, Mathangi, Boschetti, Tabitha, Anderson, Michelle, Kini, Saumya, Lehman, Rosa, Brown, Violet Year: 2015 The Cathedral Park Neighborhood Association anticipated the imminent development of 15-acres of waterfront property (the Steel Hammer Site) in the heart of their community and worked with the PSU MURP team to bolster the voice of the community through public engagement and thoughtful urban planning. The student team reached out to the neighbors, talked with shareholders, conducted site analysis, and developed a shared community vision for the Steel Hammer Site, which resulted the Cathedral Waterfront Plan that includes: Twelve community goals for future development Three scenarios demonstrating how development on the Steel Hammer Site could contribute to community priorities without disregarding practical and business considerations Strategies for negotiating community benefits on the site The PSU student team also developed a toolkit of strategies and tips for future public engagement in the neighborhood and ways the neighborhood can influence the development process in light of the current and intense market pressures in North Portland. This project was conducted under the supervision of Sy Adler, Marisa A. Zapata and Susan Hartnett Close

• 43. [Article] Research and Development Effects on Economic Growth: Implications for the Portland SMSA

  Promoting a high- technology economic base has been widely adopted as a regional development "policy for the 80's." To this point, however, it appears that little consideration has been paid to questions ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Research and Development Effects on Economic Growth: Implications for the Portland SMSA Author: Strathman, James G. Year: 1983 Promoting a high- technology economic base has been widely adopted as a regional development "policy for the 80's." To this point, however, it appears that little consideration has been paid to questions regarding the feasibility of this policy as it relates to structural and locational characteristics of the regional economy. This paper will discuss those attributes of the regional economy that typically contribute to the expansion of high- technology activities, with particular attention paid to expansion potential in the Portland SMSA. High-technology activities are defined according to product cycle theory, and the attributes of the regional economy are examined with respect to each stage of the product cycle. The contribution of research and development to the product cycle will receive special attention. The role of the area's higher educational system in performing research is tied to high-technology development potential . It is contended that development potential is maximized when the regional economy exhibits a comparative advantage in one or more stages of the product cycle. Actions which are needed to direct the regional economy toward this end will be outlined. Title: Research and Development Effects on Economic Growth: Implications for the Portland SMSA Author: Strathman, James G. Year: 1983 Promoting a high- technology economic base has been widely adopted as a regional development "policy for the 80's." To this point, however, it appears that little consideration has been paid to questions regarding the feasibility of this policy as it relates to structural and locational characteristics of the regional economy. This paper will discuss those attributes of the regional economy that typically contribute to the expansion of high- technology activities, with particular attention paid to expansion potential in the Portland SMSA. High-technology activities are defined according to product cycle theory, and the attributes of the regional economy are examined with respect to each stage of the product cycle. The contribution of research and development to the product cycle will receive special attention. The role of the area's higher educational system in performing research is tied to high-technology development potential . It is contended that development potential is maximized when the regional economy exhibits a comparative advantage in one or more stages of the product cycle. Actions which are needed to direct the regional economy toward this end will be outlined. Close

• 44. [Article] Being an Assistant Principal, Becoming an Administrator: an Organizational Socialization Study

  Many school administrators begin their careers in educational administration as assistant principals. The literature on assistant principals contributes very little to an understanding of the perspectives ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Being an Assistant Principal, Becoming an Administrator: an Organizational Socialization Study Author: Dickman, Connie Year: 1995 Many school administrators begin their careers in educational administration as assistant principals. The literature on assistant principals contributes very little to an understanding of the perspectives that assistant principals develop during their organizational socialization experiences and of the conditions and processes that influence the development of these socialization outcomes. The purpose of this study was to develop a theoretical understanding of the perspectives that emerge from assistant principals' organizational socialization experiences. Symbolic interactionism established the theoretical and methodological foundation for this study. The sensitizing concepts of perspective (Becker, Geer, Hughes, & Strauss, 1961), situational adjustment (Becker, 1964), and organizational boundary passages (Schein, 1971; Van Maanen & Schein, 1979) provided the analytic framework. The Glaser and Strauss (1967) constant comparison model guided the process of collecting and analyzing data. Six assistant principals with experience from three months to three years were interviewed. The study resulted in a grounded theory that describes the perspectives that the assistant principals developed and explains the processes and conditions that influenced the development of these organizational socialization outcomes. The results of this study suggest that assistant principals develop a common set of perspectives in response to a common set of problematic situations. These perspectives include: "it takes time to learn," working for the principal, working with other assistant principals, doing tasks, working effectively with teachers, and an integrated perspective. Assistant principals appear to develop these perspectives using a situational adjustment process that includes assessing the requirements of problematic situations, experimenting with ideas and actions to determine how to behave, and choosing strategies that enable them to respond successfully to the situational requirements. The requirement to pass through the functional, hierarchical, and inclusionary boundary passages appears to be the most important organizational factor influencing the development of administrative perspectives. The quality of assistant principals' preparation experiences, their styles and longevity as teachers, and their motivation appear to be the most important individual factors influencing the development of administrative perspectives. Teachers appear to be the most powerful socializing agents. The assistant principal's role may provide essential preparation for a principal's role and may have the potential for developing leadership. Title: Being an Assistant Principal, Becoming an Administrator: an Organizational Socialization Study Author: Dickman, Connie Year: 1995 Many school administrators begin their careers in educational administration as assistant principals. The literature on assistant principals contributes very little to an understanding of the perspectives that assistant principals develop during their organizational socialization experiences and of the conditions and processes that influence the development of these socialization outcomes. The purpose of this study was to develop a theoretical understanding of the perspectives that emerge from assistant principals' organizational socialization experiences. Symbolic interactionism established the theoretical and methodological foundation for this study. The sensitizing concepts of perspective (Becker, Geer, Hughes, & Strauss, 1961), situational adjustment (Becker, 1964), and organizational boundary passages (Schein, 1971; Van Maanen & Schein, 1979) provided the analytic framework. The Glaser and Strauss (1967) constant comparison model guided the process of collecting and analyzing data. Six assistant principals with experience from three months to three years were interviewed. The study resulted in a grounded theory that describes the perspectives that the assistant principals developed and explains the processes and conditions that influenced the development of these organizational socialization outcomes. The results of this study suggest that assistant principals develop a common set of perspectives in response to a common set of problematic situations. These perspectives include: "it takes time to learn," working for the principal, working with other assistant principals, doing tasks, working effectively with teachers, and an integrated perspective. Assistant principals appear to develop these perspectives using a situational adjustment process that includes assessing the requirements of problematic situations, experimenting with ideas and actions to determine how to behave, and choosing strategies that enable them to respond successfully to the situational requirements. The requirement to pass through the functional, hierarchical, and inclusionary boundary passages appears to be the most important organizational factor influencing the development of administrative perspectives. The quality of assistant principals' preparation experiences, their styles and longevity as teachers, and their motivation appear to be the most important individual factors influencing the development of administrative perspectives. Teachers appear to be the most powerful socializing agents. The assistant principal's role may provide essential preparation for a principal's role and may have the potential for developing leadership. Close

• 45. [Article] Democratization, Political Performance, and Income Distribution in Argentina and Brazil

  This research examines the effects of democratization and political performance on the functional distribution of income in Argentina and Brazil from the end of their authoritarian periods to the present. ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Democratization, Political Performance, and Income Distribution in Argentina and Brazil Author: Stowell, Nicholas Paul Year: 2016 This research examines the effects of democratization and political performance on the functional distribution of income in Argentina and Brazil from the end of their authoritarian periods to the present. The existing literature tends to focus on the impacts of democratization and political performance on the economic growth of the country as a whole or on changes to per capita income. This analysis focuses on the equality of economic development in less developed countries because growth is not necessarily distributed equally and poverty and inequality are both endemic to many less developed countries and also negatively impact development as a whole as well as the consolidation of democracy. To examine the effects of democratization and political performance on the shape of economic development, this thesis utilizes the Polity IV index as a measure of democracy, Relative Political Extraction as a proxy for political performance, and labor's share of national income as a measure of income inequality. Theoretically, a more democratic regime should enact policies that allow for a more equitable distribution of income because democratization increases popular representation and makes the provision of public goods preferable to the provision of private goods. Similarly, a regime with higher political capacity should be better equipped to enact whatever policies and development strategies it chooses, thereby reducing income inequality if the regime deems equitable development a priority. The main finding of this research is that political performance has had a significant impact on the shape of economic development in Argentina and Brazil, whereas the effect of democratization on the shape of development is less clear. A stronger, more effectively performing government will be better able to deliver equitable development regardless of its level of democracy than will a poorly performing government of any type. Title: Democratization, Political Performance, and Income Distribution in Argentina and Brazil Author: Stowell, Nicholas Paul Year: 2016 This research examines the effects of democratization and political performance on the functional distribution of income in Argentina and Brazil from the end of their authoritarian periods to the present. The existing literature tends to focus on the impacts of democratization and political performance on the economic growth of the country as a whole or on changes to per capita income. This analysis focuses on the equality of economic development in less developed countries because growth is not necessarily distributed equally and poverty and inequality are both endemic to many less developed countries and also negatively impact development as a whole as well as the consolidation of democracy. To examine the effects of democratization and political performance on the shape of economic development, this thesis utilizes the Polity IV index as a measure of democracy, Relative Political Extraction as a proxy for political performance, and labor's share of national income as a measure of income inequality. Theoretically, a more democratic regime should enact policies that allow for a more equitable distribution of income because democratization increases popular representation and makes the provision of public goods preferable to the provision of private goods. Similarly, a regime with higher political capacity should be better equipped to enact whatever policies and development strategies it chooses, thereby reducing income inequality if the regime deems equitable development a priority. The main finding of this research is that political performance has had a significant impact on the shape of economic development in Argentina and Brazil, whereas the effect of democratization on the shape of development is less clear. A stronger, more effectively performing government will be better able to deliver equitable development regardless of its level of democracy than will a poorly performing government of any type. Close

• 46. [Article] Toward a Comprehensive System of Personnel Development in Deafblind Education

  Students who are deafblind are a unique population with unique needs for learning, communication, and environmental access. Two roles have been identified as important to their education: teacher of the ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Toward a Comprehensive System of Personnel Development in Deafblind Education Author: Parker, Amy T., Nelson, Catherine Year: 2016 Students who are deafblind are a unique population with unique needs for learning, communication, and environmental access. Two roles have been identified as important to their education: teacher of the deafblind and intervener. However, these roles are not officially recognized in most states. Because of this lack of recognition and the low incidence of deafblindness, it is difficult to sustain systems that prepare highly qualified personnel with advanced training and knowledge in educational strategies for children and youth who are deafblind. The authors propose a comprehensive system of personnel development (CSPD) for deafblind education. The components of this system are standards, preservice training, in-service/professional development, leadership development, research, and, finally, planning coordination, and evaluation. The authors describe elements of the model that are being implemented and provide suggestions to support the future development of a comprehensive system. Title: Toward a Comprehensive System of Personnel Development in Deafblind Education Author: Parker, Amy T., Nelson, Catherine Year: 2016 Students who are deafblind are a unique population with unique needs for learning, communication, and environmental access. Two roles have been identified as important to their education: teacher of the deafblind and intervener. However, these roles are not officially recognized in most states. Because of this lack of recognition and the low incidence of deafblindness, it is difficult to sustain systems that prepare highly qualified personnel with advanced training and knowledge in educational strategies for children and youth who are deafblind. The authors propose a comprehensive system of personnel development (CSPD) for deafblind education. The components of this system are standards, preservice training, in-service/professional development, leadership development, research, and, finally, planning coordination, and evaluation. The authors describe elements of the model that are being implemented and provide suggestions to support the future development of a comprehensive system. Close

• 47. [Article] Oregon College of Art and Craft (OCAC) Workshop Project

  Students in the PSU Real Estate Development Workshop produce a development plan for the Oregon College of Art and Craft (OCAC). Their task was to produce an original development plan, including the development ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Oregon College of Art and Craft (OCAC) Workshop Project Author: Holden, Scott, Joyce, Alex, Raynor, Nate, Sassa, Bob Year: 2016 Students in the PSU Real Estate Development Workshop produce a development plan for the Oregon College of Art and Craft (OCAC). Their task was to produce an original development plan, including the development concept, market analysis, conceptual design, economic analysis, capital and operations budget, and management plan. Title: Oregon College of Art and Craft (OCAC) Workshop Project Author: Holden, Scott, Joyce, Alex, Raynor, Nate, Sassa, Bob Year: 2016 Students in the PSU Real Estate Development Workshop produce a development plan for the Oregon College of Art and Craft (OCAC). Their task was to produce an original development plan, including the development concept, market analysis, conceptual design, economic analysis, capital and operations budget, and management plan. Close

• 48. [Article] Pharo by Example

  Pharo is a modern, open source, fully-featured implementation of the Smalltalk programming language and environment. Pharo is derived from Squeak1, a re-implementation of the classic Smalltalk-80 system. ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Pharo by Example Author: Black, Andrew P., Ducasse, Stéphane, Nierstrasz, Oscar, Pollet, Damien, Cassou, Damien, Denker, Marcus Year: 2009 Pharo is a modern, open source, fully-featured implementation of the Smalltalk programming language and environment. Pharo is derived from Squeak1, a re-implementation of the classic Smalltalk-80 system. Whereas Squeak was developed mainly as a platform for developing experimental educational software, Pharo strives to offer a lean, open-source platform for professional software development, and a robust and stable platform for research and development into dynamic languages and environments. Pharo serves as the reference implementation for the Seaside web development framework. Title: Pharo by Example Author: Black, Andrew P., Ducasse, Stéphane, Nierstrasz, Oscar, Pollet, Damien, Cassou, Damien, Denker, Marcus Year: 2009 Pharo is a modern, open source, fully-featured implementation of the Smalltalk programming language and environment. Pharo is derived from Squeak1, a re-implementation of the classic Smalltalk-80 system. Whereas Squeak was developed mainly as a platform for developing experimental educational software, Pharo strives to offer a lean, open-source platform for professional software development, and a robust and stable platform for research and development into dynamic languages and environments. Pharo serves as the reference implementation for the Seaside web development framework. Close

• 49. [Article] Agriculture In and Beyond the Haitian Catastrophe

  Although the devastation from Haiti’s 2010 earthquake was concentrated in Port-au-Prince, it had deep agrarian roots. This paper situates Haiti’s urban poverty in the chronic exploitation of the country’s ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Agriculture In and Beyond the Haitian Catastrophe Author: Steckley, Marylynn, Weis, Tony Year: 2017 Although the devastation from Haiti’s 2010 earthquake was concentrated in Port-au-Prince, it had deep agrarian roots. This paper situates Haiti’s urban poverty in the chronic exploitation of the country’s peasant classes as a basis for assessing the competing contemporary visions for agricultural development. We argue that the post-earthquake reconstruction has fortified a neoliberal development that is incompatible with the aspirations of the Haitian peasantry. Given the interrelated power of domestic elites and international donors, and the proliferation of disconnected development projects, we conclude that any prospect for pro-poor development hinges on the growth and collaboration of peasant movements. Title: Agriculture In and Beyond the Haitian Catastrophe Author: Steckley, Marylynn, Weis, Tony Year: 2017 Although the devastation from Haiti’s 2010 earthquake was concentrated in Port-au-Prince, it had deep agrarian roots. This paper situates Haiti’s urban poverty in the chronic exploitation of the country’s peasant classes as a basis for assessing the competing contemporary visions for agricultural development. We argue that the post-earthquake reconstruction has fortified a neoliberal development that is incompatible with the aspirations of the Haitian peasantry. Given the interrelated power of domestic elites and international donors, and the proliferation of disconnected development projects, we conclude that any prospect for pro-poor development hinges on the growth and collaboration of peasant movements. Close

• 50. [Article] A Cross-Country Empirical Analysis of International Reserves

  Using data from more than 100 economies for the period of 1975 to 2005, we conduct an extensive empirical analysis of the determinants of international reserve holdings. Four groups of determinants, namely, ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: A Cross-Country Empirical Analysis of International Reserves Author: Cheung, Yin-Wong, Ito, Hiro Year: 2009 Using data from more than 100 economies for the period of 1975 to 2005, we conduct an extensive empirical analysis of the determinants of international reserve holdings. Four groups of determinants, namely, traditional macro variables, financial variables, institutional variables, and dummy variables that control for individual economies’ characteristics are considered. We find that the relationship between international reserves and their determinants is significantly different between developed and developing economies and is not stable over time. The estimation results indicate that, especially during the recent period, a developed economy tends to hold a lower level of international reserves than a developing one. Title: A Cross-Country Empirical Analysis of International Reserves Author: Cheung, Yin-Wong, Ito, Hiro Year: 2009 Using data from more than 100 economies for the period of 1975 to 2005, we conduct an extensive empirical analysis of the determinants of international reserve holdings. Four groups of determinants, namely, traditional macro variables, financial variables, institutional variables, and dummy variables that control for individual economies’ characteristics are considered. We find that the relationship between international reserves and their determinants is significantly different between developed and developing economies and is not stable over time. The estimation results indicate that, especially during the recent period, a developed economy tends to hold a lower level of international reserves than a developing one. Close