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• 1. [Article] Does Collective Action Sequester Carbon? Evidence from the Nepal Community Forestry Program

  Highlights • Presumed open access forests have as little as 34% of those under collective action. • No evidence that Community Forestry Programme forests store more carbon .• Carbon from collective action ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Does Collective Action Sequester Carbon? Evidence from the Nepal Community Forestry Program Author: Bluffstone, Randall, Somanathan, Eswaran, Jha, Prakash, Luintel, Harisharan, Bista, Rajesh, Toman, Mike, Paudel, Naya, Adhikari, Bhim Year: 2018 Highlights • Presumed open access forests have as little as 34% of those under collective action. • No evidence that Community Forestry Programme forests store more carbon .• Carbon from collective action not conditional on Community Forestry Programme. Title: Does Collective Action Sequester Carbon? Evidence from the Nepal Community Forestry Program Author: Bluffstone, Randall, Somanathan, Eswaran, Jha, Prakash, Luintel, Harisharan, Bista, Rajesh, Toman, Mike, Paudel, Naya, Adhikari, Bhim Year: 2018 Highlights • Presumed open access forests have as little as 34% of those under collective action. • No evidence that Community Forestry Programme forests store more carbon .• Carbon from collective action not conditional on Community Forestry Programme. Close

• 2. [Article] Interview with Jeff Luebbers, US Forest Service, 2010 (audio)

  Interview of Jeff Luebbers by Chelsea Saurman on May 13th, 2010. The interview index is available for download.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Interview with Jeff Luebbers, US Forest Service, 2010 (audio) Author: Luebbers, Jeff Year: 2010 Interview of Jeff Luebbers by Chelsea Saurman on May 13th, 2010. The interview index is available for download. Title: Interview with Jeff Luebbers, US Forest Service, 2010 (audio) Author: Luebbers, Jeff Year: 2010 Interview of Jeff Luebbers by Chelsea Saurman on May 13th, 2010. The interview index is available for download. Close

• 3. [Article] Economics of REDD+ and Community Forestry

  Reducing Emission from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD+) is a payment for ecosystem services (PES) system created under the Framework Convention on Climate Change (FCCC) that tries to reduce ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Economics of REDD+ and Community Forestry Author: Bluffstone, Randall Year: 2013 Reducing Emission from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD+) is a payment for ecosystem services (PES) system created under the Framework Convention on Climate Change (FCCC) that tries to reduce deforestation and degradation in countries not subject to requirements under the convention (non-Annex 1 countries) and, therefore, release less and sequester more carbon. Other cobenefits have been added, such as biodiversity protection, poverty reduction and afforestation, which make up the '+' in REDD+. The '+', therefore, attempts to address potentially negative, unintended effects on non-carbon ecosystem services and take account of effects on those who currently have claims to forests. Many of the forest areas where the '+' is most important are community managed. Community forestry is therefore at the heart of REDD+. Title: Economics of REDD+ and Community Forestry Author: Bluffstone, Randall Year: 2013 Reducing Emission from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD+) is a payment for ecosystem services (PES) system created under the Framework Convention on Climate Change (FCCC) that tries to reduce deforestation and degradation in countries not subject to requirements under the convention (non-Annex 1 countries) and, therefore, release less and sequester more carbon. Other cobenefits have been added, such as biodiversity protection, poverty reduction and afforestation, which make up the '+' in REDD+. The '+', therefore, attempts to address potentially negative, unintended effects on non-carbon ecosystem services and take account of effects on those who currently have claims to forests. Many of the forest areas where the '+' is most important are community managed. Community forestry is therefore at the heart of REDD+. Close

• 4. [Article] Reducing Waste During Logging and Log Processing: Forest Conservation in Eastern Amazonia

  This article describes the waste associated with logging and log processing in eastern Amazonia and suggests methods for reducing both waste and forest damage as a result of logging.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Reducing Waste During Logging and Log Processing: Forest Conservation in Eastern Amazonia Author: Gerwing, Jeffrey J., Johns, Jennifer S., Vidal, Edson Year: 1996 This article describes the waste associated with logging and log processing in eastern Amazonia and suggests methods for reducing both waste and forest damage as a result of logging. Title: Reducing Waste During Logging and Log Processing: Forest Conservation in Eastern Amazonia Author: Gerwing, Jeffrey J., Johns, Jennifer S., Vidal, Edson Year: 1996 This article describes the waste associated with logging and log processing in eastern Amazonia and suggests methods for reducing both waste and forest damage as a result of logging. Close

• 5. [Article] Spreading the Green and Sharing the Wealth

  Examines the effects and benefits of trees for the urban environment, and looks at recent studies that have attempted to define the benefits of urban trees. Discusses the implications of trees for city ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Spreading the Green and Sharing the Wealth Author: White, Rachel Year: 2009 Examines the effects and benefits of trees for the urban environment, and looks at recent studies that have attempted to define the benefits of urban trees. Discusses the implications of trees for city planning. Title: Spreading the Green and Sharing the Wealth Author: White, Rachel Year: 2009 Examines the effects and benefits of trees for the urban environment, and looks at recent studies that have attempted to define the benefits of urban trees. Discusses the implications of trees for city planning. Close

• 6. [Article] Interview with Janet Corbett, Warm Springs Forest Products, 2006 (audio)

  Interview of Janet Corbett by Margie Crawford at Warm Springs, Oregon on August 10th, 2006. The interview index is available for download.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Interview with Janet Corbett, Warm Springs Forest Products, 2006 (audio) Author: Corbett, Janet Year: 2006 Interview of Janet Corbett by Margie Crawford at Warm Springs, Oregon on August 10th, 2006. The interview index is available for download. Title: Interview with Janet Corbett, Warm Springs Forest Products, 2006 (audio) Author: Corbett, Janet Year: 2006 Interview of Janet Corbett by Margie Crawford at Warm Springs, Oregon on August 10th, 2006. The interview index is available for download. Close

• 7. [Article] Interview with Sarah Deumling, Zena Timber, 2006 (audio)

  Interview of Sarah Deumling by Glenn Esler at Rickreall, Oregon on August 4th, 2006. The interview index is available for download.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Interview with Sarah Deumling, Zena Timber, 2006 (audio) Author: Deumling, Sarah Year: 2006 Interview of Sarah Deumling by Glenn Esler at Rickreall, Oregon on August 4th, 2006. The interview index is available for download. Title: Interview with Sarah Deumling, Zena Timber, 2006 (audio) Author: Deumling, Sarah Year: 2006 Interview of Sarah Deumling by Glenn Esler at Rickreall, Oregon on August 4th, 2006. The interview index is available for download. Close

• 8. [Article] Interview with Peter Hayes, Hyla Woods, 2006 (audio)

  Interview of Peter Hayes by Glen Esler on July 28th, 2006. The interview index is available for download.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Interview with Peter Hayes, Hyla Woods, 2006 (audio) Author: Hayes, Peter Year: 2006 Interview of Peter Hayes by Glen Esler on July 28th, 2006. The interview index is available for download. Title: Interview with Peter Hayes, Hyla Woods, 2006 (audio) Author: Hayes, Peter Year: 2006 Interview of Peter Hayes by Glen Esler on July 28th, 2006. The interview index is available for download. Close

• 9. [Article] Interview with Steve Jones, US Forest Service, 2010 (audio)

  Interview of Steve Jones by Scott Swenson at Hood River, Oregon on May 25th, 2010. The interview index is available for download.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Interview with Steve Jones, US Forest Service, 2010 (audio) Author: Jones, Steve Year: 2010 Interview of Steve Jones by Scott Swenson at Hood River, Oregon on May 25th, 2010. The interview index is available for download. Title: Interview with Steve Jones, US Forest Service, 2010 (audio) Author: Jones, Steve Year: 2010 Interview of Steve Jones by Scott Swenson at Hood River, Oregon on May 25th, 2010. The interview index is available for download. Close

• 10. [Article] Interview with Jim Labbe, Portland Audubon Society, 2011

  Interview of Jim Labbe by Tony Smith on March 11th, 2011. The interview index is available for download.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Interview with Jim Labbe, Portland Audubon Society, 2011 Author: Labbe, Jim Year: 2011 Interview of Jim Labbe by Tony Smith on March 11th, 2011. The interview index is available for download. Title: Interview with Jim Labbe, Portland Audubon Society, 2011 Author: Labbe, Jim Year: 2011 Interview of Jim Labbe by Tony Smith on March 11th, 2011. The interview index is available for download. Close

• 11. [Article] Interview with Ryan Temple, HFHC, 2006 (audio)

  Interview of Ryan Temple by Amber Kinter at Portland, Oregon on August 4th, 2006. The interview index is available for download.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Interview with Ryan Temple, HFHC, 2006 (audio) Author: Temple, Ryan Year: 2006 Interview of Ryan Temple by Amber Kinter at Portland, Oregon on August 4th, 2006. The interview index is available for download. Title: Interview with Ryan Temple, HFHC, 2006 (audio) Author: Temple, Ryan Year: 2006 Interview of Ryan Temple by Amber Kinter at Portland, Oregon on August 4th, 2006. The interview index is available for download. Close

• 12. [Article] Tree Growth and Spatial Pattern in Two Forest Park Permanent Plots: A Look at Stand Composition and Condition

  In June of 2010, two permanent research plots were established in Forest Park, based on their differing proximities to downtown Portland, Oregon. As part of a long-term ecological research project that ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Tree Growth and Spatial Pattern in Two Forest Park Permanent Plots: A Look at Stand Composition and Condition Author: McDonald, Hannah Beth Year: 2011 In June of 2010, two permanent research plots were established in Forest Park, based on their differing proximities to downtown Portland, Oregon. As part of a long-term ecological research project that seeks to explore the ecological status and human thumbprint on this 5,100 acre forested reserve, the 2010 tree data was investigated for emergent compositional and spatial patterns. Stand composition, tree size, growth rates, and spatial patterns were analyzed, along with ecological and land use histories. Results indicate that the Balch plot, more closely located to the urban center, has different stand composition, condition, and vegetation growth rates, compared to the more rural Miller site. This study supports findings from a study done by Broshot in 2009, where more urban plots demonstrate a different stand composition and recruitment pattern than rural sites. The study is an initial step for exploring questions regarding the ecological status of Forest Park and how land use and disturbance, past and present, shape Portland's forested reserve. Title: Tree Growth and Spatial Pattern in Two Forest Park Permanent Plots: A Look at Stand Composition and Condition Author: McDonald, Hannah Beth Year: 2011 In June of 2010, two permanent research plots were established in Forest Park, based on their differing proximities to downtown Portland, Oregon. As part of a long-term ecological research project that seeks to explore the ecological status and human thumbprint on this 5,100 acre forested reserve, the 2010 tree data was investigated for emergent compositional and spatial patterns. Stand composition, tree size, growth rates, and spatial patterns were analyzed, along with ecological and land use histories. Results indicate that the Balch plot, more closely located to the urban center, has different stand composition, condition, and vegetation growth rates, compared to the more rural Miller site. This study supports findings from a study done by Broshot in 2009, where more urban plots demonstrate a different stand composition and recruitment pattern than rural sites. The study is an initial step for exploring questions regarding the ecological status of Forest Park and how land use and disturbance, past and present, shape Portland's forested reserve. Close

• 13. [Article] Integrating High-Resolution Datasets to Target Mitigation Efforts for Improving Air Quality and Public Health in Urban Neighborhoods

  Reducing exposure to degraded air quality is essential for building healthy cities. Although air quality and population vary at fine spatial scales, current regulatory and public health frameworks assess ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Integrating High-Resolution Datasets to Target Mitigation Efforts for Improving Air Quality and Public Health in Urban Neighborhoods Author: Shandas, Vivek, Voelkel, Jackson, Rao, Meenakshi, George, Linda A. Year: 2016 Reducing exposure to degraded air quality is essential for building healthy cities. Although air quality and population vary at fine spatial scales, current regulatory and public health frameworks assess human exposures using county- or city-scales. We build on a spatial analysis technique, dasymetric mapping, for allocating urban populations that, together with emerging fine-scale measurements of air pollution, addresses three objectives: (1) evaluate the role of spatial scale in estimating exposure; (2) identify urban communities that are disproportionately burdened by poor air quality; and (3) estimate reduction in mobile sources of pollutants due to local tree-planting efforts using nitrogen dioxide. Our results show a maximum value of 197% difference between cadastrally-informed dasymetric system (CIDS) and standard estimations of population exposure to degraded air quality for small spatial extent analyses, and a lack of substantial difference for large spatial extent analyses. These results provide the foundation for improving policies for managing air quality, and targeting mitigation efforts to address challenges of environmental justice. Title: Integrating High-Resolution Datasets to Target Mitigation Efforts for Improving Air Quality and Public Health in Urban Neighborhoods Author: Shandas, Vivek, Voelkel, Jackson, Rao, Meenakshi, George, Linda A. Year: 2016 Reducing exposure to degraded air quality is essential for building healthy cities. Although air quality and population vary at fine spatial scales, current regulatory and public health frameworks assess human exposures using county- or city-scales. We build on a spatial analysis technique, dasymetric mapping, for allocating urban populations that, together with emerging fine-scale measurements of air pollution, addresses three objectives: (1) evaluate the role of spatial scale in estimating exposure; (2) identify urban communities that are disproportionately burdened by poor air quality; and (3) estimate reduction in mobile sources of pollutants due to local tree-planting efforts using nitrogen dioxide. Our results show a maximum value of 197% difference between cadastrally-informed dasymetric system (CIDS) and standard estimations of population exposure to degraded air quality for small spatial extent analyses, and a lack of substantial difference for large spatial extent analyses. These results provide the foundation for improving policies for managing air quality, and targeting mitigation efforts to address challenges of environmental justice. Close

• 14. [Article] From Stumptown to Treetown: A Field Guide for Interpreting Portland’s History though its Heritage Trees

  Portland’s urban forest is rooted in the city’s history. This guide is the first of its kind to use historic literature, archival collections, and living trees as evidence to interpret Portland’s history. ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: From Stumptown to Treetown: A Field Guide for Interpreting Portland’s History though its Heritage Trees Author: Hedberg, David-Paul B. Year: 2015 Portland’s urban forest is rooted in the city’s history. This guide is the first of its kind to use historic literature, archival collections, and living trees as evidence to interpret Portland’s history. Trees are some of our city’s oldest living artifacts and this guide will show you some of the many ways to see and interpret both history and nature in Portland. Title: From Stumptown to Treetown: A Field Guide for Interpreting Portland’s History though its Heritage Trees Author: Hedberg, David-Paul B. Year: 2015 Portland’s urban forest is rooted in the city’s history. This guide is the first of its kind to use historic literature, archival collections, and living trees as evidence to interpret Portland’s history. Trees are some of our city’s oldest living artifacts and this guide will show you some of the many ways to see and interpret both history and nature in Portland. Close

• 15. [Article] Street Trees in the Urban Forest Canopy: Portland, Oregon

  Attempts to identify the contribution of street trees to the overall urban forest of a city have been rare and lack consensus on how to measure that contribution – percentage of trees, percentage of canopy ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Street Trees in the Urban Forest Canopy: Portland, Oregon Author: Poracsky, Joseph, Banis, David Year: 2005 Attempts to identify the contribution of street trees to the overall urban forest of a city have been rare and lack consensus on how to measure that contribution – percentage of trees, percentage of canopy cover, or percentage of leaf area. The actual numeric values presented in the literature also vary over a broad range and often are based on estimates, extrapolations from aggregated data, or simply stated with no empirical data referenced. This study was undertaken to evaluate the contribution of street trees to canopy in Portland, Oregon. The study involved both visual and digital analysis of multi-band aerial images, field observation, and GIS analysis involving several ancillary data themes. The strategy was to calculate the street tree component (STC) of the urban forest canopy within a sample of areas in the city and generalize that pattern to the whole city. The analysis indicates that street trees constitute 3.4% of the whole study area. In commercial / industrial areas the value drops to only 1.1% and in residential areas rises to 4.8%. For the overall study area the STC of the canopy is 17.2%, a value in the middle of the range of values found in the published literature. In commercial / industrial areas we found a value of 23.7% and a value of 16.6% for residential areas. Residential areas are overall better treed than commercial / industrial areas, but do not rely on street trees to contribute as large a percentage to overall canopy as do commercial / industrial areas. Available planting space in the right-of-way (ROW) is much more nearly constant (or independent of land cover) than the amount of planting space available inside a block. Therefore, the STC tends to vary inversely with the total amount of vegetated area. As the vegetated (read, plantable) area decreases, the ROW becomes a more significant space for planting and the STC increases. Conversely, as the vegetated area increases, the ROW becomes a less significant space for planting and the STC decreases. For both residential and commercial / industrial areas, the percentage of street tree area within the total canopy varies from locale to locale. The relatively small sampling used in this study suggests that neighborhood age and physical characteristics influence the STC in a given neighborhood, particularly for residential areas. Analysis allowed division of the study area into five residential neighborhood groups that attempt to reflect local differences. A larger / more detailed sampling would allow for improved delineation, perhaps below the level of neighborhood. Three generalized spatial patterns emerge for Portland. Street tree canopy as a percent of area seems to follow an east-west gradient, with lower values to the east and higher values to the west. Street trees as a component of the total canopy takes on an inverted-U shape, with higher values in the Inner Eastside and lower values to the east and to the west. The overall tree canopy category takes on just the opposite pattern – a standard-U – with lower values in the Inner Eastside and higher values to the east and west. This study represents a useful starting point for understanding the dynamics of an important and highly visible component of the urban forest. Title: Street Trees in the Urban Forest Canopy: Portland, Oregon Author: Poracsky, Joseph, Banis, David Year: 2005 Attempts to identify the contribution of street trees to the overall urban forest of a city have been rare and lack consensus on how to measure that contribution – percentage of trees, percentage of canopy cover, or percentage of leaf area. The actual numeric values presented in the literature also vary over a broad range and often are based on estimates, extrapolations from aggregated data, or simply stated with no empirical data referenced. This study was undertaken to evaluate the contribution of street trees to canopy in Portland, Oregon. The study involved both visual and digital analysis of multi-band aerial images, field observation, and GIS analysis involving several ancillary data themes. The strategy was to calculate the street tree component (STC) of the urban forest canopy within a sample of areas in the city and generalize that pattern to the whole city. The analysis indicates that street trees constitute 3.4% of the whole study area. In commercial / industrial areas the value drops to only 1.1% and in residential areas rises to 4.8%. For the overall study area the STC of the canopy is 17.2%, a value in the middle of the range of values found in the published literature. In commercial / industrial areas we found a value of 23.7% and a value of 16.6% for residential areas. Residential areas are overall better treed than commercial / industrial areas, but do not rely on street trees to contribute as large a percentage to overall canopy as do commercial / industrial areas. Available planting space in the right-of-way (ROW) is much more nearly constant (or independent of land cover) than the amount of planting space available inside a block. Therefore, the STC tends to vary inversely with the total amount of vegetated area. As the vegetated (read, plantable) area decreases, the ROW becomes a more significant space for planting and the STC increases. Conversely, as the vegetated area increases, the ROW becomes a less significant space for planting and the STC decreases. For both residential and commercial / industrial areas, the percentage of street tree area within the total canopy varies from locale to locale. The relatively small sampling used in this study suggests that neighborhood age and physical characteristics influence the STC in a given neighborhood, particularly for residential areas. Analysis allowed division of the study area into five residential neighborhood groups that attempt to reflect local differences. A larger / more detailed sampling would allow for improved delineation, perhaps below the level of neighborhood. Three generalized spatial patterns emerge for Portland. Street tree canopy as a percent of area seems to follow an east-west gradient, with lower values to the east and higher values to the west. Street trees as a component of the total canopy takes on an inverted-U shape, with higher values in the Inner Eastside and lower values to the east and to the west. The overall tree canopy category takes on just the opposite pattern – a standard-U – with lower values in the Inner Eastside and higher values to the east and west. This study represents a useful starting point for understanding the dynamics of an important and highly visible component of the urban forest. Close

• 16. [Article] The Effects of Large Wildfires on Employment and Wage Growth and Volatility in the Western United States

  We examined the effect of large wildfires on economic growth and volatility in the western United States. We matched wildfire data with quarterly employment and earnings growth data to assess the specific ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The Effects of Large Wildfires on Employment and Wage Growth and Volatility in the Western United States Author: Nielsen-Pincus, Max, Moseley, Cassandra, Gebert, Krista Year: 2013 We examined the effect of large wildfires on economic growth and volatility in the western United States. We matched wildfire data with quarterly employment and earnings growth data to assess the specific effect of wildfire on employment and wage growth in western US counties. Wildfires generally tended to exhibit positive effects on employment and wage growth in the quarter(s) during which suppression efforts were active. However, this effect transitioned to increased economic volatility following a wildfire. The effect of wildfire also varied by the type of county in which wildfire occurred. The amount of suppression costs invested locally had the strongest influence on employment growth, indicating that there may be room for augmenting how local economies experience wildfire either through the development of community capacity or by addressing barriers to local spending in federal wildfire policy. Title: The Effects of Large Wildfires on Employment and Wage Growth and Volatility in the Western United States Author: Nielsen-Pincus, Max, Moseley, Cassandra, Gebert, Krista Year: 2013 We examined the effect of large wildfires on economic growth and volatility in the western United States. We matched wildfire data with quarterly employment and earnings growth data to assess the specific effect of wildfire on employment and wage growth in western US counties. Wildfires generally tended to exhibit positive effects on employment and wage growth in the quarter(s) during which suppression efforts were active. However, this effect transitioned to increased economic volatility following a wildfire. The effect of wildfire also varied by the type of county in which wildfire occurred. The amount of suppression costs invested locally had the strongest influence on employment growth, indicating that there may be room for augmenting how local economies experience wildfire either through the development of community capacity or by addressing barriers to local spending in federal wildfire policy. Close

• 17. [Article] The Community Economic Impacts of Large Wildfires: A Case Study from Trinity County, California

  Wildfires are increasing in severity and frequency in the American West, but there is limited understanding of their economic effects at the community level. We conducted a case study of the impacts of ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The Community Economic Impacts of Large Wildfires: A Case Study from Trinity County, California Author: Davis, Emily Jane, Moseley, Cassandra, Nielsen-Pincus, Max, Jakes, Pamela J. Year: 2014 Wildfires are increasing in severity and frequency in the American West, but there is limited understanding of their economic effects at the community level. We conducted a case study of the impacts of large wildfires in 2008 in Trinity County, California, by examining labor market, suppression spending, and qualitative interview data. We found that the 2008 fires had interrelated effects on several economic sectors in the county. Labor market data indicated a decrease in total private-sector employment and wages and an increase in public-sector employment and wages during the summer of 2008 compared to the previous year, while interviews captured more nuanced impacts for individual businesses. Title: The Community Economic Impacts of Large Wildfires: A Case Study from Trinity County, California Author: Davis, Emily Jane, Moseley, Cassandra, Nielsen-Pincus, Max, Jakes, Pamela J. Year: 2014 Wildfires are increasing in severity and frequency in the American West, but there is limited understanding of their economic effects at the community level. We conducted a case study of the impacts of large wildfires in 2008 in Trinity County, California, by examining labor market, suppression spending, and qualitative interview data. We found that the 2008 fires had interrelated effects on several economic sectors in the county. Labor market data indicated a decrease in total private-sector employment and wages and an increase in public-sector employment and wages during the summer of 2008 compared to the previous year, while interviews captured more nuanced impacts for individual businesses. Close

• 18. [Article] Cross-laminated Timber: An Innovative Building Material Takes Hold in Oregon

  In a rapidly urbanizing world fueled by the enormous demand to house and shelter billions of people in the upcoming decades, building materials must be utilized that have a lighter climate impact than ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Cross-laminated Timber: An Innovative Building Material Takes Hold in Oregon Author: Crampton, Andrew Year: 2017 In a rapidly urbanizing world fueled by the enormous demand to house and shelter billions of people in the upcoming decades, building materials must be utilized that have a lighter climate impact than today’s commonly used energy-intensive building materials. Is there an alternative to the energy-intensive concrete jungle that is both sustainable and financially viable? How can our built environment enhance, rather than destroy, the natural environment? Part of the solution lies in a recent innovation that uses one of the world’s oldest building materials, wood, with a modern twist: cross-laminated timber, often abbreviated as CLT. These wood-based structures can create an integration between the urban built environment and the natural world. Title: Cross-laminated Timber: An Innovative Building Material Takes Hold in Oregon Author: Crampton, Andrew Year: 2017 In a rapidly urbanizing world fueled by the enormous demand to house and shelter billions of people in the upcoming decades, building materials must be utilized that have a lighter climate impact than today’s commonly used energy-intensive building materials. Is there an alternative to the energy-intensive concrete jungle that is both sustainable and financially viable? How can our built environment enhance, rather than destroy, the natural environment? Part of the solution lies in a recent innovation that uses one of the world’s oldest building materials, wood, with a modern twist: cross-laminated timber, often abbreviated as CLT. These wood-based structures can create an integration between the urban built environment and the natural world. Close

• 19. [Article] Community Forests, Carbon Sequestration and REDD+: Evidence From Ethiopia

  REDD + is one of the tools under development to mitigate climate change, but it is not yet clear how to appropriately bring in the approximately 25 per cent of developing country forests that are managed ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Community Forests, Carbon Sequestration and REDD+: Evidence From Ethiopia Author: Beyene, Abebe D., Bluffstone, Randall, Mekonnen, Alemu Year: 2016 REDD + is one of the tools under development to mitigate climate change, but it is not yet clear how to appropriately bring in the approximately 25 per cent of developing country forests that are managed by communities. Drawing on the economics of collective action literature, the authors attempt to shed light on whether forest collective action itself sequesters carbon. Using satellite imagery combined with household and community data from Ethiopia, they examine whether community forests (CFs) with high levels of collective action attributes known to be associated with better management have more carbon than other systems. Although these results should be considered indicative due to the nature of the data, the analysis suggests that in the absence of dedicated sequestration policies the quality of local-level collective action offers at best marginal carbon benefits. Specific incentives like REDD + may therefore play important roles in delivering climate change benefits from CFs in low-income countries. Title: Community Forests, Carbon Sequestration and REDD+: Evidence From Ethiopia Author: Beyene, Abebe D., Bluffstone, Randall, Mekonnen, Alemu Year: 2016 REDD + is one of the tools under development to mitigate climate change, but it is not yet clear how to appropriately bring in the approximately 25 per cent of developing country forests that are managed by communities. Drawing on the economics of collective action literature, the authors attempt to shed light on whether forest collective action itself sequesters carbon. Using satellite imagery combined with household and community data from Ethiopia, they examine whether community forests (CFs) with high levels of collective action attributes known to be associated with better management have more carbon than other systems. Although these results should be considered indicative due to the nature of the data, the analysis suggests that in the absence of dedicated sequestration policies the quality of local-level collective action offers at best marginal carbon benefits. Specific incentives like REDD + may therefore play important roles in delivering climate change benefits from CFs in low-income countries. Close

• 20. [Article] Biomass as an Alternative Energy

  The world energy consumption is expanding due to increase in population and is projected to increase by 44 percent from 2006 to 2030. China and India are the fastest growing non-OECD economies with their ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Biomass as an Alternative Energy Author: Lee, Jui-Lin, Honnappa, Lokesh, Li, Tung-Lung, Walesko, Valesca, Chiamsiri, Vorakarn Year: 2009 The world energy consumption is expanding due to increase in population and is projected to increase by 44 percent from 2006 to 2030. China and India are the fastest growing non-OECD economies with their combined energy use increasing nearly twofold and making up to 28 percent of world energy consumption by 2030. The growing concerns over global warming forces us to find an alternative, renewable or sustainable source of energy, which can reduce carbon footprint in the environment and the most often considered are biomass resources—for example, prairie grasses, forestry and mill residues, nongrain parts of food crops, and urban wood wastes that are typically discarded in landfills. The paper focuses on analyzing the technology management issues while using biomass as an alternative energy source, discusses the importance of biomass energy to the future energy mix, provides current updates on the world energy consumption and the energy outlook for next 20 years. Further, the paper analyzes technology management issues with reference to technical, social, environmental, economical and political perspectives. Title: Biomass as an Alternative Energy Author: Lee, Jui-Lin, Honnappa, Lokesh, Li, Tung-Lung, Walesko, Valesca, Chiamsiri, Vorakarn Year: 2009 The world energy consumption is expanding due to increase in population and is projected to increase by 44 percent from 2006 to 2030. China and India are the fastest growing non-OECD economies with their combined energy use increasing nearly twofold and making up to 28 percent of world energy consumption by 2030. The growing concerns over global warming forces us to find an alternative, renewable or sustainable source of energy, which can reduce carbon footprint in the environment and the most often considered are biomass resources—for example, prairie grasses, forestry and mill residues, nongrain parts of food crops, and urban wood wastes that are typically discarded in landfills. The paper focuses on analyzing the technology management issues while using biomass as an alternative energy source, discusses the importance of biomass energy to the future energy mix, provides current updates on the world energy consumption and the energy outlook for next 20 years. Further, the paper analyzes technology management issues with reference to technical, social, environmental, economical and political perspectives. Close