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• 1. [Article] The Pursuit of Commerce: Agricultural Development in Western Oregon, 1825-1861

  This thesis examines how the pursuit of commercial gain affected the development of agriculture in western Oregon's Willamette, Umpqua, and Rogue River Valleys. The period of study begins when the British ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The Pursuit of Commerce: Agricultural Development in Western Oregon, 1825-1861 Author: Smith, Cessna R. Year: 2011 This thesis examines how the pursuit of commercial gain affected the development of agriculture in western Oregon's Willamette, Umpqua, and Rogue River Valleys. The period of study begins when the British owned Hudson's Bay Company began to farm land in and around Fort Vancouver in 1825, and ends in 1861--during the time when agrarian settlement was beginning to expand east of the Cascade Mountains. Given that agriculture in Oregon, as elsewhere, would eventually reach a standard of national development, and given that most of Oregon's immigrants arrived poor and lacked the farm implements needed for subsistence, the question this study asks is what methods and motivations guided Oregon's first agrarian settlers to improve their industry? It is the central premise of this study that commerce was the sine qua non of agricultural development, and that commercial gain was the incentive that underpinned the improvements necessary to its progress. The question itself necessarily involves physiographical and climatological conditions, existing and potential markets, and a merchant class whose commercial motivations were beyond doubt. Two additional matters that weigh substantially through most of this paper need to be mentioned: First, because not all farmers were commercially-oriented, the focus is on individuals, including merchants, whose entrepreneurial activities contributed the most to agriculture; second, the discovery of gold in California in 1848, and in southern Oregon in the early 1850s, had a huge and lasting influence on Oregon agriculture and on the overall economy. Title: The Pursuit of Commerce: Agricultural Development in Western Oregon, 1825-1861 Author: Smith, Cessna R. Year: 2011 This thesis examines how the pursuit of commercial gain affected the development of agriculture in western Oregon's Willamette, Umpqua, and Rogue River Valleys. The period of study begins when the British owned Hudson's Bay Company began to farm land in and around Fort Vancouver in 1825, and ends in 1861--during the time when agrarian settlement was beginning to expand east of the Cascade Mountains. Given that agriculture in Oregon, as elsewhere, would eventually reach a standard of national development, and given that most of Oregon's immigrants arrived poor and lacked the farm implements needed for subsistence, the question this study asks is what methods and motivations guided Oregon's first agrarian settlers to improve their industry? It is the central premise of this study that commerce was the sine qua non of agricultural development, and that commercial gain was the incentive that underpinned the improvements necessary to its progress. The question itself necessarily involves physiographical and climatological conditions, existing and potential markets, and a merchant class whose commercial motivations were beyond doubt. Two additional matters that weigh substantially through most of this paper need to be mentioned: First, because not all farmers were commercially-oriented, the focus is on individuals, including merchants, whose entrepreneurial activities contributed the most to agriculture; second, the discovery of gold in California in 1848, and in southern Oregon in the early 1850s, had a huge and lasting influence on Oregon agriculture and on the overall economy. Close

• 2. [Article] On the Edge of Agriculture: An Interview with Narendra Varma and Gianna Banducci of Our Table Cooperative

  One mile outside Portland’s urban growth boundary near Sherwood OR, a new farm business is modeling innovative practices that could become the future of Oregon agriculture. The Our Table Cooperative brings ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: On the Edge of Agriculture: An Interview with Narendra Varma and Gianna Banducci of Our Table Cooperative Author: Simpson, Mike Year: 2013 One mile outside Portland’s urban growth boundary near Sherwood OR, a new farm business is modeling innovative practices that could become the future of Oregon agriculture. The Our Table Cooperative brings stakeholders from all levels of the food system together as member-owners within the same organizational structure. By sharing costs and infrastructure, the cooperative seeks to show that small and medium scale agricultural production can be economically viable. The farm also emphasizes diversity of crops over industrial efficiency, and its management is based on dynamic governance.. Recently, Metroscape sat down with two members of the cooperative to discuss their vision, and how their approach to farming and farmland stewardship works within a system of land-use regulations that were designed to protect Oregon’s farmland at a time when large-scale industrial production was widely thought to the only viable agricultural model. Narendra Varma is a founding member of the cooperative. Gianna Banducci recently joined the cooperative as Marketing Director. Title: On the Edge of Agriculture: An Interview with Narendra Varma and Gianna Banducci of Our Table Cooperative Author: Simpson, Mike Year: 2013 One mile outside Portland’s urban growth boundary near Sherwood OR, a new farm business is modeling innovative practices that could become the future of Oregon agriculture. The Our Table Cooperative brings stakeholders from all levels of the food system together as member-owners within the same organizational structure. By sharing costs and infrastructure, the cooperative seeks to show that small and medium scale agricultural production can be economically viable. The farm also emphasizes diversity of crops over industrial efficiency, and its management is based on dynamic governance.. Recently, Metroscape sat down with two members of the cooperative to discuss their vision, and how their approach to farming and farmland stewardship works within a system of land-use regulations that were designed to protect Oregon’s farmland at a time when large-scale industrial production was widely thought to the only viable agricultural model. Narendra Varma is a founding member of the cooperative. Gianna Banducci recently joined the cooperative as Marketing Director. Close

• 3. [Article] The Future of Oregon’s Agricultural Land

  Sixty-four percent of Oregon's farmland is expected to change hands in the next 20 years, yet many Oregon farmers are unprepared for succession. Simultaneously, beginning farmers are finding it harder ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The Future of Oregon’s Agricultural Land Author: Brekken, Christy Anderson, Gwin, Lauren, Horst, Megan, McAdams, Nellie, Martin, Sheila A Year: 2016 Sixty-four percent of Oregon's farmland is expected to change hands in the next 20 years, yet many Oregon farmers are unprepared for succession. Simultaneously, beginning farmers are finding it harder to start farmers because of dramatically increasing land prices. These distinct but interwined challenges are addressed in a new research report from the Oregon State University Center for Small Farms, Portland State University's Planning Oregon/Institute for Metropolitan Studies, and Rogue Farm Corps. The study examines trends in land tenure and the effects they might have on Oregon's economy, rural communities, and environment. The report was in many ways inspired and informed by the land access working group of the Oregon Community Food Systems Network. Title: The Future of Oregon’s Agricultural Land Author: Brekken, Christy Anderson, Gwin, Lauren, Horst, Megan, McAdams, Nellie, Martin, Sheila A Year: 2016 Sixty-four percent of Oregon's farmland is expected to change hands in the next 20 years, yet many Oregon farmers are unprepared for succession. Simultaneously, beginning farmers are finding it harder to start farmers because of dramatically increasing land prices. These distinct but interwined challenges are addressed in a new research report from the Oregon State University Center for Small Farms, Portland State University's Planning Oregon/Institute for Metropolitan Studies, and Rogue Farm Corps. The study examines trends in land tenure and the effects they might have on Oregon's economy, rural communities, and environment. The report was in many ways inspired and informed by the land access working group of the Oregon Community Food Systems Network. Close

• 4. [Article] Interview with Marissa Madrigal, Jeff Cogen Chief of Staff, 2009 (audio)

  Interview of Marissa Madrigal by Andrea Schons in Portland, Oregon on July 23rd, 2009. The interview index is available for download.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Interview with Marissa Madrigal, Jeff Cogen Chief of Staff, 2009 (audio) Author: Madrigal, Marissa Year: 2009 Interview of Marissa Madrigal by Andrea Schons in Portland, Oregon on July 23rd, 2009. The interview index is available for download. Title: Interview with Marissa Madrigal, Jeff Cogen Chief of Staff, 2009 (audio) Author: Madrigal, Marissa Year: 2009 Interview of Marissa Madrigal by Andrea Schons in Portland, Oregon on July 23rd, 2009. The interview index is available for download. Close

• 5. [Article] Interview with Jacquin Dole, Riverside Farms, 2010 (audio)

  Interview of Jacquin Dole by Paul Hopper at Riverside Farm McMinnville, Oregon on February 28th, 2010. The interview index is available for download.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Interview with Jacquin Dole, Riverside Farms, 2010 (audio) Author: Dole, Jacquin Year: 2010 Interview of Jacquin Dole by Paul Hopper at Riverside Farm McMinnville, Oregon on February 28th, 2010. The interview index is available for download. Title: Interview with Jacquin Dole, Riverside Farms, 2010 (audio) Author: Dole, Jacquin Year: 2010 Interview of Jacquin Dole by Paul Hopper at Riverside Farm McMinnville, Oregon on February 28th, 2010. The interview index is available for download. Close

• 6. [Article] Interview with Rodney Bender, Growing Gardens, 2009 (audio)

  Interview of Rodney Bender by Sarah Roecker at Growing Gardens Portland, Oregon on July 29th, 2009. The interview index is available for download.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Interview with Rodney Bender, Growing Gardens, 2009 (audio) Author: Bender, Rodney Year: 2009 Interview of Rodney Bender by Sarah Roecker at Growing Gardens Portland, Oregon on July 29th, 2009. The interview index is available for download. Title: Interview with Rodney Bender, Growing Gardens, 2009 (audio) Author: Bender, Rodney Year: 2009 Interview of Rodney Bender by Sarah Roecker at Growing Gardens Portland, Oregon on July 29th, 2009. The interview index is available for download. Close

• 7. [Article] Interview with Steve Cohen, Planning & Sustainable Development, 2009 (audio)

  Interview of Steve Cohen by Chris Stephens at Ecotrust Building, Portland, Oregon on July 28th, 2009. The interview index is available for download.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Interview with Steve Cohen, Planning & Sustainable Development, 2009 (audio) Author: Cohen, Steve Year: 2009 Interview of Steve Cohen by Chris Stephens at Ecotrust Building, Portland, Oregon on July 28th, 2009. The interview index is available for download. Title: Interview with Steve Cohen, Planning & Sustainable Development, 2009 (audio) Author: Cohen, Steve Year: 2009 Interview of Steve Cohen by Chris Stephens at Ecotrust Building, Portland, Oregon on July 28th, 2009. The interview index is available for download. Close

• 8. [Article] Interview with Martin Barrett, City Garden Farms, 2009 (audio)

  Interview of Martin Barrett by Matthew Smith on July 30th, 2009.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Interview with Martin Barrett, City Garden Farms, 2009 (audio) Author: Barrett, Martin Year: 2009 Interview of Martin Barrett by Matthew Smith on July 30th, 2009. Title: Interview with Martin Barrett, City Garden Farms, 2009 (audio) Author: Barrett, Martin Year: 2009 Interview of Martin Barrett by Matthew Smith on July 30th, 2009. Close

• 9. [Article] Interview with Prairie Hale, Zenger Farm, 2009 (audio)

  Interview of Prairie Hale by Matthew Ford on July 24th, 2009.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Interview with Prairie Hale, Zenger Farm, 2009 (audio) Author: Hale, Prairie Year: 2009 Interview of Prairie Hale by Matthew Ford on July 24th, 2009. Title: Interview with Prairie Hale, Zenger Farm, 2009 (audio) Author: Hale, Prairie Year: 2009 Interview of Prairie Hale by Matthew Ford on July 24th, 2009. Close

• 10. [Article] Hop Agriculture in Oregon: The First Century

  This thesis was written to document, through both primary and secondary sources, the history of hop growing as it was in Oregon between 1850 and 1950. In those years, hop growing was most often a speculative ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Hop Agriculture in Oregon: The First Century Author: Cooler, Kathleen E. Hudson Year: 1986 This thesis was written to document, through both primary and secondary sources, the history of hop growing as it was in Oregon between 1850 and 1950. In those years, hop growing was most often a speculative venture. Growers could be rich one year and bankrupt the next due to the uncertainties of marketing. Title: Hop Agriculture in Oregon: The First Century Author: Cooler, Kathleen E. Hudson Year: 1986 This thesis was written to document, through both primary and secondary sources, the history of hop growing as it was in Oregon between 1850 and 1950. In those years, hop growing was most often a speculative venture. Growers could be rich one year and bankrupt the next due to the uncertainties of marketing. Close

• 11. [Article] Interview with Myo DeMayo, Urbanstead Farm (audio)

  Interview of Myo DeMayo by Tyler Anderson. The interview index is available for download. The year is estimated.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Interview with Myo DeMayo, Urbanstead Farm (audio) Author: DeMayo, Myo Year: 2006 Interview of Myo DeMayo by Tyler Anderson. The interview index is available for download. The year is estimated. Title: Interview with Myo DeMayo, Urbanstead Farm (audio) Author: DeMayo, Myo Year: 2006 Interview of Myo DeMayo by Tyler Anderson. The interview index is available for download. The year is estimated. Close

• 12. [Article] Identifying Clusters of Non-Farm Activity within Exclusive Farm Use Zones in the Northern Willamette Valley

  This thesis provides an extensive look at where permitted non-farm uses and dwellings have clustered within Exclusive Farm Use (EFU) zones in the Northern Willamette Valley in Oregon. There is a looming ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Identifying Clusters of Non-Farm Activity within Exclusive Farm Use Zones in the Northern Willamette Valley Author: Chun, Nicholas Year: 2017 This thesis provides an extensive look at where permitted non-farm uses and dwellings have clustered within Exclusive Farm Use (EFU) zones in the Northern Willamette Valley in Oregon. There is a looming concern that non-farm related uses and dwellings, or non-farm development, are conflicting with agricultural preservation strategies. Specifically, non-farm developments can potentially undermine the critical mass of farmland needed to keep the agricultural economy sustainable, but until now, studies have lacked spatially precise data to systematically track these phenomena. This thesis offers methodological contributions towards analyzing these operations and presents a broad account of what has been occurring in the region. Using permit approval data from the Department of Land Conservation and Development (DLCD) and 2015 county tax lot shapefiles, I geocoded the locations of these uses and dwellings. I used location quotient and spatial autocorrelation coefficients to identify non-farm hotspots in the region and summarized different typologies that have developed. The findings reveal that viticulture operations have amassed near Dundee and Newberg in Yamhill County, while commercial activities and home occupations have clustered near the Salem-Keizer UGB. Concurrently, dwellings have clustered near the Yamhill-Polk County border. Finally, I offer suggestions to improve Oregon's agricultural land use policy and data management process, as well as advocate for more intensive research in the future to generate narratives for our results. Title: Identifying Clusters of Non-Farm Activity within Exclusive Farm Use Zones in the Northern Willamette Valley Author: Chun, Nicholas Year: 2017 This thesis provides an extensive look at where permitted non-farm uses and dwellings have clustered within Exclusive Farm Use (EFU) zones in the Northern Willamette Valley in Oregon. There is a looming concern that non-farm related uses and dwellings, or non-farm development, are conflicting with agricultural preservation strategies. Specifically, non-farm developments can potentially undermine the critical mass of farmland needed to keep the agricultural economy sustainable, but until now, studies have lacked spatially precise data to systematically track these phenomena. This thesis offers methodological contributions towards analyzing these operations and presents a broad account of what has been occurring in the region. Using permit approval data from the Department of Land Conservation and Development (DLCD) and 2015 county tax lot shapefiles, I geocoded the locations of these uses and dwellings. I used location quotient and spatial autocorrelation coefficients to identify non-farm hotspots in the region and summarized different typologies that have developed. The findings reveal that viticulture operations have amassed near Dundee and Newberg in Yamhill County, while commercial activities and home occupations have clustered near the Salem-Keizer UGB. Concurrently, dwellings have clustered near the Yamhill-Polk County border. Finally, I offer suggestions to improve Oregon's agricultural land use policy and data management process, as well as advocate for more intensive research in the future to generate narratives for our results. Close

• 13. [Article] The Landscape: Urban Agriculture

  Article discusses the growth of urban agriculture in the Portland Urban Growth Boundary.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The Landscape: Urban Agriculture Author: Mylott, Elizabeth Year: 2007 Article discusses the growth of urban agriculture in the Portland Urban Growth Boundary. Title: The Landscape: Urban Agriculture Author: Mylott, Elizabeth Year: 2007 Article discusses the growth of urban agriculture in the Portland Urban Growth Boundary. Close

• 14. [Article] Interview with Kathy & Matt Unger, Unger Farms, 2007 (audio)

  Interview of Kathy and Matt Unger by Alix Lefler at Cornelius, Oregon on July 25th, 2007. The interview index is available for download.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Interview with Kathy & Matt Unger, Unger Farms, 2007 (audio) Author: Unger, Kathy, Unger, Matt Year: 2007 Interview of Kathy and Matt Unger by Alix Lefler at Cornelius, Oregon on July 25th, 2007. The interview index is available for download. Title: Interview with Kathy & Matt Unger, Unger Farms, 2007 (audio) Author: Unger, Kathy, Unger, Matt Year: 2007 Interview of Kathy and Matt Unger by Alix Lefler at Cornelius, Oregon on July 25th, 2007. The interview index is available for download. Close

• 15. [Article] Community Breeders: Animal Husbandry in Portlandia

  A brief exploration of animal husbandry within the city limits of Portland, Oregon, covering residents' experiences with raising chickens, goats, bees and other farm animals. Touches on new concerns relating ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Community Breeders: Animal Husbandry in Portlandia Author: Spickerman, Kurt Year: 2013 A brief exploration of animal husbandry within the city limits of Portland, Oregon, covering residents' experiences with raising chickens, goats, bees and other farm animals. Touches on new concerns relating to local sources for food, community building, and drawbacks faced by some residents. Title: Community Breeders: Animal Husbandry in Portlandia Author: Spickerman, Kurt Year: 2013 A brief exploration of animal husbandry within the city limits of Portland, Oregon, covering residents' experiences with raising chickens, goats, bees and other farm animals. Touches on new concerns relating to local sources for food, community building, and drawbacks faced by some residents. Close

• 16. [Article] Oregon Lake Watch, 2014 Annual Report

  The Oregon Lake Watch (OLW) volunteer monitoring program is now in its second year of operation, continuing its focus on early detection of aquatic invasive species (AIS), with a secondary focus on lake ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Oregon Lake Watch, 2014 Annual Report Author: Jordan, Meredith, Miller, Rich, Strecker, Angela L. Year: 2015 The Oregon Lake Watch (OLW) volunteer monitoring program is now in its second year of operation, continuing its focus on early detection of aquatic invasive species (AIS), with a secondary focus on lake water quality. The aquatic invasive species chosen as Watch List priorities for the OLW are based on the Oregon Department of Agriculture’s Noxious Weed List (Oregon Department of Agriculture Noxious Weed Control Program 2014) as well as professional judgement (more information can be found in Oregon Lake Watch Final Report 2014). This report summarizes the data collected by 15 of 24 OLW volunteers over 2014, across 110 sampling events and 20 Oregon lakes. Data collected by trained volunteers includes sightings of both native and aquatic invasive plants and animals, as well as recordings of lake temperature profiles, and Secchi depth, a measure of clarity. Of the 16 original water bodies surveyed in OLW’s first year (2013), 12 were surveyed again in 2014, and 8 are new waterbodies. Long-term monitoring of these lakes provides valuable information over time, and expanding the number of lakes monitored, especially in the case of monitoring for invasive species, means that more potentially harmful invasions can be stopped sooner. Ideally, the OLW will continue to monitor these current lakes, and expand their volunteer network to cover more waterbodies across Oregon as this program continues to grow. Title: Oregon Lake Watch, 2014 Annual Report Author: Jordan, Meredith, Miller, Rich, Strecker, Angela L. Year: 2015 The Oregon Lake Watch (OLW) volunteer monitoring program is now in its second year of operation, continuing its focus on early detection of aquatic invasive species (AIS), with a secondary focus on lake water quality. The aquatic invasive species chosen as Watch List priorities for the OLW are based on the Oregon Department of Agriculture’s Noxious Weed List (Oregon Department of Agriculture Noxious Weed Control Program 2014) as well as professional judgement (more information can be found in Oregon Lake Watch Final Report 2014). This report summarizes the data collected by 15 of 24 OLW volunteers over 2014, across 110 sampling events and 20 Oregon lakes. Data collected by trained volunteers includes sightings of both native and aquatic invasive plants and animals, as well as recordings of lake temperature profiles, and Secchi depth, a measure of clarity. Of the 16 original water bodies surveyed in OLW’s first year (2013), 12 were surveyed again in 2014, and 8 are new waterbodies. Long-term monitoring of these lakes provides valuable information over time, and expanding the number of lakes monitored, especially in the case of monitoring for invasive species, means that more potentially harmful invasions can be stopped sooner. Ideally, the OLW will continue to monitor these current lakes, and expand their volunteer network to cover more waterbodies across Oregon as this program continues to grow. Close

• 17. [Article] Oregon Spartina Response Plan

  Four introduced, invasive species of Spartina (cordgrass) have been present in estuarine areas of the U.S. west coast for over a century. These Spartina species are ecological engineers- they cause severe ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Oregon Spartina Response Plan Author: Pfauth, Mary, Sytsma, Mark, Isaacson, Dennis Year: 2007 Four introduced, invasive species of Spartina (cordgrass) have been present in estuarine areas of the U.S. west coast for over a century. These Spartina species are ecological engineers- they cause severe alternations in the hydrology and food webs of invaded estuaries that are detrimental to native wildlife and commercial and recreational uses. Oregon has been relatively free of these weeds, with only two known infestations. One infestation was eradicated by Oregon Department of Agriculture and the other is currently under eradication by The Nature Conservancy. Title: Oregon Spartina Response Plan Author: Pfauth, Mary, Sytsma, Mark, Isaacson, Dennis Year: 2007 Four introduced, invasive species of Spartina (cordgrass) have been present in estuarine areas of the U.S. west coast for over a century. These Spartina species are ecological engineers- they cause severe alternations in the hydrology and food webs of invaded estuaries that are detrimental to native wildlife and commercial and recreational uses. Oregon has been relatively free of these weeds, with only two known infestations. One infestation was eradicated by Oregon Department of Agriculture and the other is currently under eradication by The Nature Conservancy. Close

• 18. [Article] Feral Swine Action Plan for Oregon

  Feral swine are defined as free roaming animals of the genus Sus that are not being held under domestic management or confinement. Swine have spread from Europe and Russia to habitats around the world ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Feral Swine Action Plan for Oregon Author: Sytsma, Mark, Rouhe, Arick Christopher Year: 2007 Feral swine are defined as free roaming animals of the genus Sus that are not being held under domestic management or confinement. Swine have spread from Europe and Russia to habitats around the world via human introduction. Currently, feral swine populations are established on every continent except Antarctica. Unlike other large mammal invaders, swine have a high reproductive capacity and are omnivorous, which allows for a quick assimilation into most habitats. Once a breeding population is established in an area, the population can quickly increase and negatively impact the ecosystem. A successful invasion of feral swine is difficult, and sometimes impossible, to reverse. A feral swine pest risk assessment for Oregon, released in 2004, designated feral swine as a very high-risk species due to high potential for establishment, environmental and economic impacts, and disease transmission to wildlife, livestock and humans. Economic impacts on ecosystems and disease transmission to wildlife are difficult to assess, but restoration of ecosystems and losses to agriculture and livestock have been estimated to exceed US$800 million in the United States each year. Environmental impacts include facilitation of noxious weed invasions, shifts in dominant plant species, reduction of forest regeneration, and soil erosion. Facilitation of noxious weeds and erosion due to feral swine rooting are documented in Oregon. Feral swine in Oregon have not been implicated in disease transmission to humans, but the recent E. coli outbreak from spinach grown on a California farm that caused three deaths has been genetically traced to feral swine excrement deposited in spinach fields. The feral swine population in Oregon is currently small and dispersed. Few disturbances have been documented but state and federal biologists report regular occurrence of disturbances due to feral swine. Actions to prevent the effects of an invasion fall into three categories: management, control or eradication. Of the three categories, only eradication efforts have successfully slowed or reversed the effects of swine invasions. Case studies from California, Australia, Hawaii, the Galapagos Islands and the Channel Islands off the coast of California show that management and control efforts, while effective in the short term, have not successfully kept small feral swine populations from increasing to levels that are unmanageable and uncontrollable. A four-year feral swine eradication plan is proposed. The Plan includes recommended legislative changes to facilitate eradication, outreach and education, population assessment, rapid response, and eradication elements. A 0.5 FTE position is required at the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife to implement the plan. Eradication of feral swine in Oregon is estimated to require a four-year, $1.29 million effort. Follow-up control of new releases and escapes will require a maintenance effort estimated at less than $50,000 per year (excluding contingency funds for emergency response). These costs are small relative to the value of the $3.6 billion Oregon agriculture and livestock industries and the investment Oregon has made in riparian restoration efforts. Sustained control of feral swine in Oregon will require a longterm commitment that will include annual domestic swine marking, education, and monitoring. Title: Feral Swine Action Plan for Oregon Author: Sytsma, Mark, Rouhe, Arick Christopher Year: 2007 Feral swine are defined as free roaming animals of the genus Sus that are not being held under domestic management or confinement. Swine have spread from Europe and Russia to habitats around the world via human introduction. Currently, feral swine populations are established on every continent except Antarctica. Unlike other large mammal invaders, swine have a high reproductive capacity and are omnivorous, which allows for a quick assimilation into most habitats. Once a breeding population is established in an area, the population can quickly increase and negatively impact the ecosystem. A successful invasion of feral swine is difficult, and sometimes impossible, to reverse. A feral swine pest risk assessment for Oregon, released in 2004, designated feral swine as a very high-risk species due to high potential for establishment, environmental and economic impacts, and disease transmission to wildlife, livestock and humans. Economic impacts on ecosystems and disease transmission to wildlife are difficult to assess, but restoration of ecosystems and losses to agriculture and livestock have been estimated to exceed US$800 million in the United States each year. Environmental impacts include facilitation of noxious weed invasions, shifts in dominant plant species, reduction of forest regeneration, and soil erosion. Facilitation of noxious weeds and erosion due to feral swine rooting are documented in Oregon. Feral swine in Oregon have not been implicated in disease transmission to humans, but the recent E. coli outbreak from spinach grown on a California farm that caused three deaths has been genetically traced to feral swine excrement deposited in spinach fields. The feral swine population in Oregon is currently small and dispersed. Few disturbances have been documented but state and federal biologists report regular occurrence of disturbances due to feral swine. Actions to prevent the effects of an invasion fall into three categories: management, control or eradication. Of the three categories, only eradication efforts have successfully slowed or reversed the effects of swine invasions. Case studies from California, Australia, Hawaii, the Galapagos Islands and the Channel Islands off the coast of California show that management and control efforts, while effective in the short term, have not successfully kept small feral swine populations from increasing to levels that are unmanageable and uncontrollable. A four-year feral swine eradication plan is proposed. The Plan includes recommended legislative changes to facilitate eradication, outreach and education, population assessment, rapid response, and eradication elements. A 0.5 FTE position is required at the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife to implement the plan. Eradication of feral swine in Oregon is estimated to require a four-year, $1.29 million effort. Follow-up control of new releases and escapes will require a maintenance effort estimated at less than $50,000 per year (excluding contingency funds for emergency response). These costs are small relative to the value of the $3.6 billion Oregon agriculture and livestock industries and the investment Oregon has made in riparian restoration efforts. Sustained control of feral swine in Oregon will require a longterm commitment that will include annual domestic swine marking, education, and monitoring. Close

• 19. [Article] Aquatic Vegetation in Irrigation Canals

  Preparation of this guidance manual for integrated aquatic vegetation management in irrigation canals was stimulated, in large part, by the accidental release of acrolein-treated irrigation water into ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Aquatic Vegetation in Irrigation Canals Author: Sytsma, Mark, Parker, Michael Year: 1999 Preparation of this guidance manual for integrated aquatic vegetation management in irrigation canals was stimulated, in large part, by the accidental release of acrolein-treated irrigation water into Bear Creek in southern Oregon. The resulting fish kill brought into focus the need to examine the methods available for managing aquatic vegetation in flowing water. Furthermore, it demonstrated the need for technical assistance on aquatic vegetation management in Oregon. Vegetation management in flowing water is a difficult undertaking. The interconnectedness of natural and manmade water conveyance systems, the tenuous status of many aquatic species, and the necessity of water delivery for profitable and productive agriculture in Oregon and much of the Northwest interact to focus attention on the way that aquatic vegetation management is conducted. Endangerment of fish species in the Pacific Northwest requires a detailed examination of agricultural operations. This manual is intended to provide water conveyance system managers a summary of available technologies for aquatic vegetation management and to outline the concepts and procedures necessary for development of an integrated management plan for vegetation growing in canals. With the adoption of a thoughtful approach to aquatic vegetation management, and with technical assistance and research on the problem plants and control techniques, aquatic vegetation can be managed without severe off-site and non-target impacts. It is hoped that this manual will assist in reaching that goal. Title: Aquatic Vegetation in Irrigation Canals Author: Sytsma, Mark, Parker, Michael Year: 1999 Preparation of this guidance manual for integrated aquatic vegetation management in irrigation canals was stimulated, in large part, by the accidental release of acrolein-treated irrigation water into Bear Creek in southern Oregon. The resulting fish kill brought into focus the need to examine the methods available for managing aquatic vegetation in flowing water. Furthermore, it demonstrated the need for technical assistance on aquatic vegetation management in Oregon. Vegetation management in flowing water is a difficult undertaking. The interconnectedness of natural and manmade water conveyance systems, the tenuous status of many aquatic species, and the necessity of water delivery for profitable and productive agriculture in Oregon and much of the Northwest interact to focus attention on the way that aquatic vegetation management is conducted. Endangerment of fish species in the Pacific Northwest requires a detailed examination of agricultural operations. This manual is intended to provide water conveyance system managers a summary of available technologies for aquatic vegetation management and to outline the concepts and procedures necessary for development of an integrated management plan for vegetation growing in canals. With the adoption of a thoughtful approach to aquatic vegetation management, and with technical assistance and research on the problem plants and control techniques, aquatic vegetation can be managed without severe off-site and non-target impacts. It is hoped that this manual will assist in reaching that goal. Close

• 20. [Article] The Diggable City: Making Urban Agriculture a Planning Priority

  In addition to an inventory of potential urban agriculture sites, the team also conducted a literature review, held focus groups with relevant stakeholders, conducted numerous interviews, and administered ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The Diggable City: Making Urban Agriculture a Planning Priority Author: Balmer, Kevin, Gill, James, Kaplinger, Heather, Miller, Joe, Peterson, Melissa, Rhoads, Amanda, Rosenbloom, Paul, Wall, Teak Year: 2005 In addition to an inventory of potential urban agriculture sites, the team also conducted a literature review, held focus groups with relevant stakeholders, conducted numerous interviews, and administered and analyzed surveys. The results of these outreach efforts greatly informed criteria development and recommendations, and expanded our understanding of the potential for urban agriculture in Portland. This project was conducted under the supervision of Sy Adler, Deborah Howe, and Connie Ozawa. A DVD version of this work produced in 2006 can be found at: http://search.library.pdx.edu/PSU:CP71113508690001451 Title: The Diggable City: Making Urban Agriculture a Planning Priority Author: Balmer, Kevin, Gill, James, Kaplinger, Heather, Miller, Joe, Peterson, Melissa, Rhoads, Amanda, Rosenbloom, Paul, Wall, Teak Year: 2005 In addition to an inventory of potential urban agriculture sites, the team also conducted a literature review, held focus groups with relevant stakeholders, conducted numerous interviews, and administered and analyzed surveys. The results of these outreach efforts greatly informed criteria development and recommendations, and expanded our understanding of the potential for urban agriculture in Portland. This project was conducted under the supervision of Sy Adler, Deborah Howe, and Connie Ozawa. A DVD version of this work produced in 2006 can be found at: http://search.library.pdx.edu/PSU:CP71113508690001451 Close

• 21. [Article] Poultry and the Press: Urban Chickens and the National Stage

  After a 2010 Association of Collegiate Schools of Planning (ACSP) conference bus erupted into chatter from a tour guide’s passing comment about a new ordinance allowing chickens into Minneapolis backyards, ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Poultry and the Press: Urban Chickens and the National Stage Author: Iroz-Elardo, Nicole Year: 2013 After a 2010 Association of Collegiate Schools of Planning (ACSP) conference bus erupted into chatter from a tour guide’s passing comment about a new ordinance allowing chickens into Minneapolis backyards, I wondered about the magnitude of the urban chicken movement. Legalizing urban chickens is, in fact, occurring more often. A Lexus-Nexus Power Search of the term ‘chicken ordinance’ does not even register a hit in 2000. Yet in 2010, 141 articles discussed potential changes to urban chicken ordinances. Such an explosion of national news coverage suggests urban chicken keeping reaches beyond Portland’s borders. What is driving this interest in urban chicken keeping? What is the media reporting as arguments for and against chickens in the urban context? With the help of my students, I reviewed over 200 newspaper articles from 2009 and 2010 to better understand the public discourse surrounding urban chicken ordinances. Title: Poultry and the Press: Urban Chickens and the National Stage Author: Iroz-Elardo, Nicole Year: 2013 After a 2010 Association of Collegiate Schools of Planning (ACSP) conference bus erupted into chatter from a tour guide’s passing comment about a new ordinance allowing chickens into Minneapolis backyards, I wondered about the magnitude of the urban chicken movement. Legalizing urban chickens is, in fact, occurring more often. A Lexus-Nexus Power Search of the term ‘chicken ordinance’ does not even register a hit in 2000. Yet in 2010, 141 articles discussed potential changes to urban chicken ordinances. Such an explosion of national news coverage suggests urban chicken keeping reaches beyond Portland’s borders. What is driving this interest in urban chicken keeping? What is the media reporting as arguments for and against chickens in the urban context? With the help of my students, I reviewed over 200 newspaper articles from 2009 and 2010 to better understand the public discourse surrounding urban chicken ordinances. Close

• 22. [Article] Portland’s Food Economy: Trends and Contributions

  The primary goal of this report is to document the scope, growth, and contribution of the food economy to the city of Portland and the region. Specifically, this report addresses the following research ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Portland’s Food Economy: Trends and Contributions Author: Green, Jamaal, Schrock, Greg, Liu, Jenny H. Year: 2015 The primary goal of this report is to document the scope, growth, and contribution of the food economy to the city of Portland and the region. Specifically, this report addresses the following research questions: What is the "food economy," and how is it defined? What is the size of Portland’s food economy, and how has it changed in recent years? How is the food economy distributed spatially within the city and the region? How is this changing? What kind of employment opportunities does Portland’s food economy offer? How do they compare to the broader economy? Who works in Portland’s food economy? How has Portland’s food economy performed relative to national trends? What is the broader impact and contribution of the Portland food economy to the overall regional economy, and to state and local government finances? Title: Portland’s Food Economy: Trends and Contributions Author: Green, Jamaal, Schrock, Greg, Liu, Jenny H. Year: 2015 The primary goal of this report is to document the scope, growth, and contribution of the food economy to the city of Portland and the region. Specifically, this report addresses the following research questions: What is the "food economy," and how is it defined? What is the size of Portland’s food economy, and how has it changed in recent years? How is the food economy distributed spatially within the city and the region? How is this changing? What kind of employment opportunities does Portland’s food economy offer? How do they compare to the broader economy? Who works in Portland’s food economy? How has Portland’s food economy performed relative to national trends? What is the broader impact and contribution of the Portland food economy to the overall regional economy, and to state and local government finances? Close

• 23. [Article] Interview with Allejandro Tecum, Adelante Mujeres, 2010 (audio)

  Interview of Allejandro Tecum by Adam Villareal at Forest Grove, Oregon on February 25th, 2010. The interview index is available for download.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Interview with Allejandro Tecum, Adelante Mujeres, 2010 (audio) Author: Tecum, Allejandro Year: 2010 Interview of Allejandro Tecum by Adam Villareal at Forest Grove, Oregon on February 25th, 2010. The interview index is available for download. Title: Interview with Allejandro Tecum, Adelante Mujeres, 2010 (audio) Author: Tecum, Allejandro Year: 2010 Interview of Allejandro Tecum by Adam Villareal at Forest Grove, Oregon on February 25th, 2010. The interview index is available for download. Close

• 24. [Article] Interview with Oscar Lozano, Dayton Meat Company, 2006 (audio)

  Interview of Oscar Lozano by Brad Schuler on August 14th, 2006. The interview index is available for download.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Interview with Oscar Lozano, Dayton Meat Company, 2006 (audio) Author: Lozano, Oscar Year: 2006 Interview of Oscar Lozano by Brad Schuler on August 14th, 2006. The interview index is available for download. Title: Interview with Oscar Lozano, Dayton Meat Company, 2006 (audio) Author: Lozano, Oscar Year: 2006 Interview of Oscar Lozano by Brad Schuler on August 14th, 2006. The interview index is available for download. Close

• 25. [Article] Interview with Ted Morris, Dayton Meat Company, 2006 (audio)

  Interview of Ted Morris by Matt Witke on August 17th, 2006. The interview index is available for download.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Interview with Ted Morris, Dayton Meat Company, 2006 (audio) Author: Morris, Ted Year: 2006 Interview of Ted Morris by Matt Witke on August 17th, 2006. The interview index is available for download. Title: Interview with Ted Morris, Dayton Meat Company, 2006 (audio) Author: Morris, Ted Year: 2006 Interview of Ted Morris by Matt Witke on August 17th, 2006. The interview index is available for download. Close

• 26. [Article] Interview with Deanna Quan, Q-Bar Farm, 2006 (audio)

  Interview of Deanna Quan by Erin Downey on August 10th, 2006.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Interview with Deanna Quan, Q-Bar Farm, 2006 (audio) Author: Quan, Deanna Year: 2006 Interview of Deanna Quan by Erin Downey on August 10th, 2006. Title: Interview with Deanna Quan, Q-Bar Farm, 2006 (audio) Author: Quan, Deanna Year: 2006 Interview of Deanna Quan by Erin Downey on August 10th, 2006. Close

• 27. [Article] Interview with Bernard Smith, Full of Life Farms, 2010 (audio)

  Interview of Bernard Smith by Kyle Dykstra on February 28th, 2010. The interview index is available for download.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Interview with Bernard Smith, Full of Life Farms, 2010 (audio) Author: Smith, Bernard Year: 2010 Interview of Bernard Smith by Kyle Dykstra on February 28th, 2010. The interview index is available for download. Title: Interview with Bernard Smith, Full of Life Farms, 2010 (audio) Author: Smith, Bernard Year: 2010 Interview of Bernard Smith by Kyle Dykstra on February 28th, 2010. The interview index is available for download. Close

• 28. [Article] Engaging Community Food Systems through Learning Garden Programs: Oregon Food Bank's Seed to Supper Program

  The purpose of this study was to discover whether learning garden programs increase access to locally grown foods and successfully empower and include food insecure populations. This study examined the ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Engaging Community Food Systems through Learning Garden Programs: Oregon Food Bank's Seed to Supper Program Author: Withers, Denissia Elizabeth Year: 2012 The purpose of this study was to discover whether learning garden programs increase access to locally grown foods and successfully empower and include food insecure populations. This study examined the Oregon Food Bank's Seed to Supper program which situates garden-based learning in food insecure communities. Through a mixed-methods community-based research process, this study found that community building, learner empowerment and sustainability leadership in place-based learning garden programs increased access to locally grown foods for food insecure populations. When food insecure populations participated in these learning garden programs they often engaged in practices described in the literature as the "web of inclusion" (Helgesen, 1995). When food insecure populations were engaged in these practices, participation in food democracy and food justice increased. Additionally, participation in learning gardens led to sustainability leadership and increased access to food literacy, which led to greater community health and engaged, local community food systems. Title: Engaging Community Food Systems through Learning Garden Programs: Oregon Food Bank's Seed to Supper Program Author: Withers, Denissia Elizabeth Year: 2012 The purpose of this study was to discover whether learning garden programs increase access to locally grown foods and successfully empower and include food insecure populations. This study examined the Oregon Food Bank's Seed to Supper program which situates garden-based learning in food insecure communities. Through a mixed-methods community-based research process, this study found that community building, learner empowerment and sustainability leadership in place-based learning garden programs increased access to locally grown foods for food insecure populations. When food insecure populations participated in these learning garden programs they often engaged in practices described in the literature as the "web of inclusion" (Helgesen, 1995). When food insecure populations were engaged in these practices, participation in food democracy and food justice increased. Additionally, participation in learning gardens led to sustainability leadership and increased access to food literacy, which led to greater community health and engaged, local community food systems. Close

• 29. [Article] Survey of Aquatic Invasive Species in Selected Umpqua National Forest Lakes and Ponds

  Eleven lakes and ponds within the Umpqua National Forest were surveyed for invasive aquatic macrophytes, snails, bivalves, and crayfish during the summer of 2011. Yellow floating heart (Nymphoides peltata), ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Survey of Aquatic Invasive Species in Selected Umpqua National Forest Lakes and Ponds Author: Sytsma, Mark D., Miller, Rich Year: 2012 Eleven lakes and ponds within the Umpqua National Forest were surveyed for invasive aquatic macrophytes, snails, bivalves, and crayfish during the summer of 2011. Yellow floating heart (Nymphoides peltata), an invasive floating leaf macrophyte species, was detected in Willow Sump within the Little River drainage. European ear snails (Radix auricularia), an invasive species present in several Umpqua National Forest waterbodies, were detected in Beaver Pond within the Steamboat Creek drainage. One native crayfish species, the signal crayfish (Pacifastacus leniusculus), was observed in Crayfish Lake within the Brice Creek drainage. Diverse assemblages of native plant species were observed in the lakes and ponds. The UNF and the Oregon Department of Agriculture are exploring ways to eradicate the yellow floating heart infestation in Willow Sump. Title: Survey of Aquatic Invasive Species in Selected Umpqua National Forest Lakes and Ponds Author: Sytsma, Mark D., Miller, Rich Year: 2012 Eleven lakes and ponds within the Umpqua National Forest were surveyed for invasive aquatic macrophytes, snails, bivalves, and crayfish during the summer of 2011. Yellow floating heart (Nymphoides peltata), an invasive floating leaf macrophyte species, was detected in Willow Sump within the Little River drainage. European ear snails (Radix auricularia), an invasive species present in several Umpqua National Forest waterbodies, were detected in Beaver Pond within the Steamboat Creek drainage. One native crayfish species, the signal crayfish (Pacifastacus leniusculus), was observed in Crayfish Lake within the Brice Creek drainage. Diverse assemblages of native plant species were observed in the lakes and ponds. The UNF and the Oregon Department of Agriculture are exploring ways to eradicate the yellow floating heart infestation in Willow Sump. Close

• 30. [Article] Interview with Ben Johnson, Columbia Gorge Organics, 2006 (audio)

  Interview of Ben Johnson by David Kelty on August 2nd, 2006.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Interview with Ben Johnson, Columbia Gorge Organics, 2006 (audio) Author: Johnson, Ben Year: 2006 Interview of Ben Johnson by David Kelty on August 2nd, 2006. Title: Interview with Ben Johnson, Columbia Gorge Organics, 2006 (audio) Author: Johnson, Ben Year: 2006 Interview of Ben Johnson by David Kelty on August 2nd, 2006. Close

• 31. [Article] Growing a Sustainable Portland Metropolitan Foodshed

  Project Description and Objectives: Western Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education (SARE) provided funding for this study to examine key agricultural trends, identify producer needs and define ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Growing a Sustainable Portland Metropolitan Foodshed Author: Martin, Sheila, Doherty-Chapman, Kathryn, Wise, Robert, Foust, Steve, Greene, Kirsten, Fiore, Ellie, Wyoming, Ellen, Seavert, Clark, Sullivan, Rebecca, Emshoff, Beth, Yap, Anita, Scolnik, Elise, Short, Bob Year: 2012 Project Description and Objectives: Western Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education (SARE) provided funding for this study to examine key agricultural trends, identify producer needs and define strategies to strengthen the local food production system. The goals of the study are to: Define the Portland Metropolitan Foodshed; identify related agricultural and economic trends and develop a needs assessment based on input from producers and other stakeholders; assemble a regional toolkit of strategies to support evolution of a sustainable Portland Metropolitan Foodshed; work with the City of Damascus, Oregon to test the toolkit on a local level; Develop a research and educational program that supports these goals and supports small and medium farmers in the region. This project differs from many other studies of the barriers and opportunities faced by farmers because it focuses specifically on farms that are trying to survive within a growing metropolitan region. While these farms face significant challenges related to urban growth, they also have significant opportunities as urban consumers begin to demand food that is grown locally and sustainability and food related experiences that can supplement farm income. Title: Growing a Sustainable Portland Metropolitan Foodshed Author: Martin, Sheila, Doherty-Chapman, Kathryn, Wise, Robert, Foust, Steve, Greene, Kirsten, Fiore, Ellie, Wyoming, Ellen, Seavert, Clark, Sullivan, Rebecca, Emshoff, Beth, Yap, Anita, Scolnik, Elise, Short, Bob Year: 2012 Project Description and Objectives: Western Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education (SARE) provided funding for this study to examine key agricultural trends, identify producer needs and define strategies to strengthen the local food production system. The goals of the study are to: Define the Portland Metropolitan Foodshed; identify related agricultural and economic trends and develop a needs assessment based on input from producers and other stakeholders; assemble a regional toolkit of strategies to support evolution of a sustainable Portland Metropolitan Foodshed; work with the City of Damascus, Oregon to test the toolkit on a local level; Develop a research and educational program that supports these goals and supports small and medium farmers in the region. This project differs from many other studies of the barriers and opportunities faced by farmers because it focuses specifically on farms that are trying to survive within a growing metropolitan region. While these farms face significant challenges related to urban growth, they also have significant opportunities as urban consumers begin to demand food that is grown locally and sustainability and food related experiences that can supplement farm income. Close

• 32. [Article] Growing Zenger Farm

  Zenger Farm is a working urban farm in outer southeast Portland, Oregon, that promotes sustainable food systems, environmental stewardship and local economic development. Currently operating on 6 acres ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Growing Zenger Farm Author: Sonmez, Turhan, Milner, Elizabeth, Glenewinkel, Stacey, Carone, Kate Year: 2010 Zenger Farm is a working urban farm in outer southeast Portland, Oregon, that promotes sustainable food systems, environmental stewardship and local economic development. Currently operating on 6 acres of farmland and 10 acres of wetland, the farm has an opportunity to expand onto 4 additional acres of adjacent land, and has asked Ecotone to help maximize the potential of that expansion. Growing Zenger Farm is a unique opportunity to learn how urban agriculture can best address the needs of communities. Food security, community development, education, economic development and environmental stewardship are components of Zenger's stated mission and goals and are areas where urban agriculture has the potential to make meaningful contributions. Ecotone will complete a community needs assessment (CNA) of the Powellhurst-Gilbert and Lents communities, and will work with high school planning students from Catlin Gabel School to simultaneously carry out a youth-focused CNA of the same neighborhoods. The CNA findings, in conjunction with urban agriculture research and extensive outreach and collaboration with Zenger's neighbors, will help Ecotone develop programmatic, site design and urban agriculture policy recommendations. This project was conducted under the supervision of Sumner Sharpe and Ellen Bassett. Title: Growing Zenger Farm Author: Sonmez, Turhan, Milner, Elizabeth, Glenewinkel, Stacey, Carone, Kate Year: 2010 Zenger Farm is a working urban farm in outer southeast Portland, Oregon, that promotes sustainable food systems, environmental stewardship and local economic development. Currently operating on 6 acres of farmland and 10 acres of wetland, the farm has an opportunity to expand onto 4 additional acres of adjacent land, and has asked Ecotone to help maximize the potential of that expansion. Growing Zenger Farm is a unique opportunity to learn how urban agriculture can best address the needs of communities. Food security, community development, education, economic development and environmental stewardship are components of Zenger's stated mission and goals and are areas where urban agriculture has the potential to make meaningful contributions. Ecotone will complete a community needs assessment (CNA) of the Powellhurst-Gilbert and Lents communities, and will work with high school planning students from Catlin Gabel School to simultaneously carry out a youth-focused CNA of the same neighborhoods. The CNA findings, in conjunction with urban agriculture research and extensive outreach and collaboration with Zenger's neighbors, will help Ecotone develop programmatic, site design and urban agriculture policy recommendations. This project was conducted under the supervision of Sumner Sharpe and Ellen Bassett. Close

• 33. [Article] Interview with John Martinson Jr., Birds & Bees Community Farm, 2008 (audio)

  Interview of John Martinson Jr. by Clint Anderson in Oregon City, Oregon on May 8th, 2008. The interview index is available for download.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Interview with John Martinson Jr., Birds & Bees Community Farm, 2008 (audio) Author: Martinson, John, Jr. Year: 2008 Interview of John Martinson Jr. by Clint Anderson in Oregon City, Oregon on May 8th, 2008. The interview index is available for download. Title: Interview with John Martinson Jr., Birds & Bees Community Farm, 2008 (audio) Author: Martinson, John, Jr. Year: 2008 Interview of John Martinson Jr. by Clint Anderson in Oregon City, Oregon on May 8th, 2008. The interview index is available for download. Close

• 34. [Article] Interview with Sonja Andreas, McCoy Gardens, 2010 (audio)

  Interview of Sonja Andreas by Ian McCreary in Portland, Oregon on March 5, 2010. The interview index is available for download.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Interview with Sonja Andreas, McCoy Gardens, 2010 (audio) Author: Andreas, Sonja Year: 2010 Interview of Sonja Andreas by Ian McCreary in Portland, Oregon on March 5, 2010. The interview index is available for download. Title: Interview with Sonja Andreas, McCoy Gardens, 2010 (audio) Author: Andreas, Sonja Year: 2010 Interview of Sonja Andreas by Ian McCreary in Portland, Oregon on March 5, 2010. The interview index is available for download. Close

• 35. [Article] Interview with Katy Kolker, Portland Fruit Tree Project, 2010 (audio)

  Interview of Katy Kolker by Dan Stillinger in Portland, Oregon on February 27th, 2010. The interview index is available for download.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Interview with Katy Kolker, Portland Fruit Tree Project, 2010 (audio) Author: Kolker, Katy Year: 2010 Interview of Katy Kolker by Dan Stillinger in Portland, Oregon on February 27th, 2010. The interview index is available for download. Title: Interview with Katy Kolker, Portland Fruit Tree Project, 2010 (audio) Author: Kolker, Katy Year: 2010 Interview of Katy Kolker by Dan Stillinger in Portland, Oregon on February 27th, 2010. The interview index is available for download. Close

• 36. [Article] Interview with Michelle Markesteyn-Ratcliffe, ODA, 2011

  Interview of Michelle Markesteyn-Ratcliffe by Megan Rice in Portland, Oregon on May 10th, 2011. The interview index is available for download.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Interview with Michelle Markesteyn-Ratcliffe, ODA, 2011 Author: Markesteyn-Ratcliffe, Michelle Year: 2011 Interview of Michelle Markesteyn-Ratcliffe by Megan Rice in Portland, Oregon on May 10th, 2011. The interview index is available for download. Title: Interview with Michelle Markesteyn-Ratcliffe, ODA, 2011 Author: Markesteyn-Ratcliffe, Michelle Year: 2011 Interview of Michelle Markesteyn-Ratcliffe by Megan Rice in Portland, Oregon on May 10th, 2011. The interview index is available for download. Close

• 37. [Article] Interview with Darrell Sanders, Cully Community Garden, 2010 (audio)

  Interview of Darrell Sanders by Jeremy Cohen in Portland, Oregon on February 20th, 2010. The interview index is available for download.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Interview with Darrell Sanders, Cully Community Garden, 2010 (audio) Author: Sanders, Darrell Year: 2010 Interview of Darrell Sanders by Jeremy Cohen in Portland, Oregon on February 20th, 2010. The interview index is available for download. Title: Interview with Darrell Sanders, Cully Community Garden, 2010 (audio) Author: Sanders, Darrell Year: 2010 Interview of Darrell Sanders by Jeremy Cohen in Portland, Oregon on February 20th, 2010. The interview index is available for download. Close

• 38. [Article] Interview with Trevor Baird, Baird Family Orchard, 2007 (audio)

  Interview of Trevor Baird by Adam Hopfe at Portland State University on August 7th, 2007. The interview index is available for download.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Interview with Trevor Baird, Baird Family Orchard, 2007 (audio) Author: Baird, Trevor Year: 2007 Interview of Trevor Baird by Adam Hopfe at Portland State University on August 7th, 2007. The interview index is available for download. Title: Interview with Trevor Baird, Baird Family Orchard, 2007 (audio) Author: Baird, Trevor Year: 2007 Interview of Trevor Baird by Adam Hopfe at Portland State University on August 7th, 2007. The interview index is available for download. Close

• 39. [Article] Interview with Chris Harris, New Seasons Market, 2006 (audio)

  Interview of Chris Harris by Joel Swift on August 8th, 2006.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Interview with Chris Harris, New Seasons Market, 2006 (audio) Author: Harris, Chris Year: 2006 Interview of Chris Harris by Joel Swift on August 8th, 2006. Title: Interview with Chris Harris, New Seasons Market, 2006 (audio) Author: Harris, Chris Year: 2006 Interview of Chris Harris by Joel Swift on August 8th, 2006. Close

• 40. [Article] Interview with Paul Klingeman, Pure Country Pork, 2006 (audio)

  Interview of Paul Klingeman by Erin Downy on August 3rd, 2006.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Interview with Paul Klingeman, Pure Country Pork, 2006 (audio) Author: Klingeman, Paul Year: 2006 Interview of Paul Klingeman by Erin Downy on August 3rd, 2006. Title: Interview with Paul Klingeman, Pure Country Pork, 2006 (audio) Author: Klingeman, Paul Year: 2006 Interview of Paul Klingeman by Erin Downy on August 3rd, 2006. Close

• 41. [Article] Interview with Susan Stelljes, Woodlawn Community Garden, 2010 (audio)

  Interview of Susan Stellijess by Stephanie Mackey on March 6th, 2010. The interview index is available for download.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Interview with Susan Stelljes, Woodlawn Community Garden, 2010 (audio) Author: Stelljes, Susan Year: 2010 Interview of Susan Stellijess by Stephanie Mackey on March 6th, 2010. The interview index is available for download. Title: Interview with Susan Stelljes, Woodlawn Community Garden, 2010 (audio) Author: Stelljes, Susan Year: 2010 Interview of Susan Stellijess by Stephanie Mackey on March 6th, 2010. The interview index is available for download. Close

• 42. [Article] The Landscape of Food Production

  The celebration of the 40th anniversary of Senate Bill 100 provides us with an excellent opportunity to reflect on metropolitan Portland’s agricultural landscape. The landmark legislation passed in 1973 ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The Landscape of Food Production Author: McClintock, Nathan, Young, Jeremy R., Evans, Taren, Simpson, Mike, Santos, Jacinto Year: 2013 The celebration of the 40th anniversary of Senate Bill 100 provides us with an excellent opportunity to reflect on metropolitan Portland’s agricultural landscape. The landmark legislation passed in 1973 has helped to protect countless acres of the region’s precious agricultural soils—some of the richest known in the world—from development. Perhaps most importantly, however, the legislation has helped to preserve the important bond between the region’s urban areas and their hinterland, and to secure the region’s local food system. A renewed interest in growing food in one’s own backyard, however, has shown in recent years that urban dwellers need not rely only on the surrounding countryside for locally grown produce. As this edition of the Periodic Atlas will show, food production today occurs not only outside the urban growth boundary, as it has for the last few decades, but within it as well—and in some cases, in the very heart of the city. Through this series of maps, we attempt to paint a picture of food production in Portland and the surrounding region in broad brushstrokes. The maps are by no means exhaustive, but rather hint at the variety of food production taking place. Title: The Landscape of Food Production Author: McClintock, Nathan, Young, Jeremy R., Evans, Taren, Simpson, Mike, Santos, Jacinto Year: 2013 The celebration of the 40th anniversary of Senate Bill 100 provides us with an excellent opportunity to reflect on metropolitan Portland’s agricultural landscape. The landmark legislation passed in 1973 has helped to protect countless acres of the region’s precious agricultural soils—some of the richest known in the world—from development. Perhaps most importantly, however, the legislation has helped to preserve the important bond between the region’s urban areas and their hinterland, and to secure the region’s local food system. A renewed interest in growing food in one’s own backyard, however, has shown in recent years that urban dwellers need not rely only on the surrounding countryside for locally grown produce. As this edition of the Periodic Atlas will show, food production today occurs not only outside the urban growth boundary, as it has for the last few decades, but within it as well—and in some cases, in the very heart of the city. Through this series of maps, we attempt to paint a picture of food production in Portland and the surrounding region in broad brushstrokes. The maps are by no means exhaustive, but rather hint at the variety of food production taking place. Close

• 43. [Article] Aquatic Plant Surveys in the Bureau of Land Management, Medford District, 2010-2011

  The introduction of invasive aquatic plant species (IAPS) can cause significant ecological and economic harm. IAPS can displace native aquatic plant species, impair recreation, and degrade water quality. ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Aquatic Plant Surveys in the Bureau of Land Management, Medford District, 2010-2011 Author: Sytsma, Mark D., Miller, Rich, Morgan, Vanessa Year: 2011 The introduction of invasive aquatic plant species (IAPS) can cause significant ecological and economic harm. IAPS can displace native aquatic plant species, impair recreation, and degrade water quality. Early detection of new invasions can improve chances for successful eradication or containment to reduce the risk of IAPS spread. The Oregon Department of Agriculture (ODA) lists the most egregious offenders as “Noxious Weeds” which are defined as plants classified by the Oregon State Weed Board that are injurious to public health, agriculture, recreation, wildlife, or any public or private property (ODA 2011). Several IAPS classified as noxious have been detected within the Medford District of the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) in Southern Oregon including yellow floating heart (Nymphoides peltata) and yellow flag iris (Iris pseudacorus). During the summers of 2010 and 2011, IAPS surveys were conducted at selected reservoirs, lakes, and river boat launches within the Medford District to determine the extent of IAPS infestations as well as the distributions of native aquatic plant species. This report summarizes results of the surveys and provides recommendations for management of IAPS within the Medford District. Observations of any invasive aquatic animal species such as New Zealand mudsnails (Potamopyrgus antipodarum) are also reported. Title: Aquatic Plant Surveys in the Bureau of Land Management, Medford District, 2010-2011 Author: Sytsma, Mark D., Miller, Rich, Morgan, Vanessa Year: 2011 The introduction of invasive aquatic plant species (IAPS) can cause significant ecological and economic harm. IAPS can displace native aquatic plant species, impair recreation, and degrade water quality. Early detection of new invasions can improve chances for successful eradication or containment to reduce the risk of IAPS spread. The Oregon Department of Agriculture (ODA) lists the most egregious offenders as “Noxious Weeds” which are defined as plants classified by the Oregon State Weed Board that are injurious to public health, agriculture, recreation, wildlife, or any public or private property (ODA 2011). Several IAPS classified as noxious have been detected within the Medford District of the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) in Southern Oregon including yellow floating heart (Nymphoides peltata) and yellow flag iris (Iris pseudacorus). During the summers of 2010 and 2011, IAPS surveys were conducted at selected reservoirs, lakes, and river boat launches within the Medford District to determine the extent of IAPS infestations as well as the distributions of native aquatic plant species. This report summarizes results of the surveys and provides recommendations for management of IAPS within the Medford District. Observations of any invasive aquatic animal species such as New Zealand mudsnails (Potamopyrgus antipodarum) are also reported. Close

• 44. [Article] Managing Activities at Wineries: Building and Sustaining a Place-Based Brand

  The Willamette Valley Winery Association, Oregon Winery Association, Oregon Department of Land Conservation and Development, and Oregon Department of Agriculture asked the authors to develop information ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Managing Activities at Wineries: Building and Sustaining a Place-Based Brand Author: Seltzer, Ethan, Bernard, Mark, McNeil, JP, Parks, Lori Year: 2013 The Willamette Valley Winery Association, Oregon Winery Association, Oregon Department of Land Conservation and Development, and Oregon Department of Agriculture asked the authors to develop information needed to help inform discussions regarding the replacement for the soon-to-sunset HB 3280. HB 3280, signed by the Governor in August of 2011, provided a means for defining and regulating wine-related and non-wine-related events occurring or proposed to occur at wineries and vineyards in Oregon, often in exclusive farm use zones. Our charge was to investigate the following policy issue: How have wine regions permitted and managed a range of uses and activities at wineries, some of which are indirectly connected to the making or selling of wine? How can wine region land use regulations contribute to sustaining the brand for a region? How can farmland winery codes best maintain compatibility with other crops and farming activities? This report is presented in three parts. We begin with the literature review, and the lessons learned from that research. We then present the four cases and the lessons learned from them. This report concludes with a synthesis of the findings from the literature review and the case studies, along with our recommendations for how this information might be applied to the development of a replacement for HB 3280 in the next legislative session. Title: Managing Activities at Wineries: Building and Sustaining a Place-Based Brand Author: Seltzer, Ethan, Bernard, Mark, McNeil, JP, Parks, Lori Year: 2013 The Willamette Valley Winery Association, Oregon Winery Association, Oregon Department of Land Conservation and Development, and Oregon Department of Agriculture asked the authors to develop information needed to help inform discussions regarding the replacement for the soon-to-sunset HB 3280. HB 3280, signed by the Governor in August of 2011, provided a means for defining and regulating wine-related and non-wine-related events occurring or proposed to occur at wineries and vineyards in Oregon, often in exclusive farm use zones. Our charge was to investigate the following policy issue: How have wine regions permitted and managed a range of uses and activities at wineries, some of which are indirectly connected to the making or selling of wine? How can wine region land use regulations contribute to sustaining the brand for a region? How can farmland winery codes best maintain compatibility with other crops and farming activities? This report is presented in three parts. We begin with the literature review, and the lessons learned from that research. We then present the four cases and the lessons learned from them. This report concludes with a synthesis of the findings from the literature review and the case studies, along with our recommendations for how this information might be applied to the development of a replacement for HB 3280 in the next legislative session. Close

• 45. [Article] Beyond Fruit: Examining Community in a Community Orchard

  The Fruits of Diversity Community Orchard, located in Portland, Oregon in an affordable housing neighborhood, is a site of alternative food provisioning in which a group of people, organized by two nonprofits, ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Beyond Fruit: Examining Community in a Community Orchard Author: Becker, Emily Jane Year: 2015 The Fruits of Diversity Community Orchard, located in Portland, Oregon in an affordable housing neighborhood, is a site of alternative food provisioning in which a group of people, organized by two nonprofits, work together to manage fruit and nut producing plants. Through conversations with volunteers who participate regularly and participant observation, this study explores the questions: What does community mean in the context of a community orchard? In what ways does partnering with a nonprofit from outside the neighborhood influence community and the way the project is operationalized? This thesis situates community orchards within the literature on alternative food networks (AFN) and highlights three key findings drawing on literature about community development and race in AFNs. First, neighbors and non-neighbors who participate in the project propose different definitions of community. Second, neighbor involvement is limited by a number of factors, including neighborhood divisions and organizational challenges. Notably, orchard participants do not reflect the racial and ethnic diversity of the neighborhood, putting this project at risk of creating a white space in a majority people of color neighborhood and reproducing inequality rather than fighting against it. Finally, this research complicates the notion of community in alternative food networks and demonstrates how collaborating with an organization from outside the neighborhood impacted the community through increasing non-neighbor participation and through their communications, aesthetics, decision making, and inattention to racial dynamics in the neighborhood and orchard. Title: Beyond Fruit: Examining Community in a Community Orchard Author: Becker, Emily Jane Year: 2015 The Fruits of Diversity Community Orchard, located in Portland, Oregon in an affordable housing neighborhood, is a site of alternative food provisioning in which a group of people, organized by two nonprofits, work together to manage fruit and nut producing plants. Through conversations with volunteers who participate regularly and participant observation, this study explores the questions: What does community mean in the context of a community orchard? In what ways does partnering with a nonprofit from outside the neighborhood influence community and the way the project is operationalized? This thesis situates community orchards within the literature on alternative food networks (AFN) and highlights three key findings drawing on literature about community development and race in AFNs. First, neighbors and non-neighbors who participate in the project propose different definitions of community. Second, neighbor involvement is limited by a number of factors, including neighborhood divisions and organizational challenges. Notably, orchard participants do not reflect the racial and ethnic diversity of the neighborhood, putting this project at risk of creating a white space in a majority people of color neighborhood and reproducing inequality rather than fighting against it. Finally, this research complicates the notion of community in alternative food networks and demonstrates how collaborating with an organization from outside the neighborhood impacted the community through increasing non-neighbor participation and through their communications, aesthetics, decision making, and inattention to racial dynamics in the neighborhood and orchard. Close

• 46. [Article] Local food and land-use in Washington County, Oregon

  Local food networks are often defined as presenting a variety of alternative food production, consumption, and distribution practices to the conventional food system such as community-supported-agriculture, ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Local food and land-use in Washington County, Oregon Author: Cousins, Joshua James Year: 2010 Local food networks are often defined as presenting a variety of alternative food production, consumption, and distribution practices to the conventional food system such as community-supported-agriculture, farmers markets, and community gardens. Local food initiatives are commonly proposed as a model for the future of sustainable agriculture, and in the region of Portland, Oregon the abundance of such alternative venues results from the area's natural surroundings and smart planning. The region is host to 39 farmers markets and Portland is often hailed as one of the country's most sustainable cities. This study examines the role of local food networks in preserving agricultural land uses and livelihoods in Washington County, Oregon, a rapidly growing county adjacent to the city of Portland. I focus on small-scale agricultural landscapes where the producer sells at farmers markets or through community supported agriculture (CSAs). I explore farmers' concerns about urbanization and farmland preservation, their relationship to urban markets, motives to become a farmer, engagement with the surrounding environment, and their difficulties participating in local food networks. In addition, I explore farmers market managers' insights into the development of local food networks and how they see their markets supporting small-scale farmers. In a survey of consumers I examine consumer motives to `buy local' and consumer concerns about farmland preservation. The research is qualitative and explores: 1) the processes shaping the development of local food networks; 2) how particular ideas and images of nature and the countryside inform both consumer desires to purchase from farmers selling locally and; 3) how those same images of nature and the countryside inform and motivate people to become farmers participating in local food networks. In so doing, I argue that the networks that sustain urban and rural systems are important in understanding the development of local food networks, and that the preservation of economically and culturally important agricultural lands in Washington County depends on a diversity of opinions and rural narratives in order to preserve small-scale sustainable farmlands close-in to cities. The conclusion is that local food sold through alternative venues can be used as a means to preserve and develop specific and manageable farm sites and agricultural land uses but the impact is limited. Large scale impacts on agricultural land uses and livelihoods will depend on planners and advocates agreeing on policies that encompass a diversity of opinions, land uses, and land managers, while understanding the array of networks beyond the city that sustain both urban and rural systems. Title: Local food and land-use in Washington County, Oregon Author: Cousins, Joshua James Year: 2010 Local food networks are often defined as presenting a variety of alternative food production, consumption, and distribution practices to the conventional food system such as community-supported-agriculture, farmers markets, and community gardens. Local food initiatives are commonly proposed as a model for the future of sustainable agriculture, and in the region of Portland, Oregon the abundance of such alternative venues results from the area's natural surroundings and smart planning. The region is host to 39 farmers markets and Portland is often hailed as one of the country's most sustainable cities. This study examines the role of local food networks in preserving agricultural land uses and livelihoods in Washington County, Oregon, a rapidly growing county adjacent to the city of Portland. I focus on small-scale agricultural landscapes where the producer sells at farmers markets or through community supported agriculture (CSAs). I explore farmers' concerns about urbanization and farmland preservation, their relationship to urban markets, motives to become a farmer, engagement with the surrounding environment, and their difficulties participating in local food networks. In addition, I explore farmers market managers' insights into the development of local food networks and how they see their markets supporting small-scale farmers. In a survey of consumers I examine consumer motives to `buy local' and consumer concerns about farmland preservation. The research is qualitative and explores: 1) the processes shaping the development of local food networks; 2) how particular ideas and images of nature and the countryside inform both consumer desires to purchase from farmers selling locally and; 3) how those same images of nature and the countryside inform and motivate people to become farmers participating in local food networks. In so doing, I argue that the networks that sustain urban and rural systems are important in understanding the development of local food networks, and that the preservation of economically and culturally important agricultural lands in Washington County depends on a diversity of opinions and rural narratives in order to preserve small-scale sustainable farmlands close-in to cities. The conclusion is that local food sold through alternative venues can be used as a means to preserve and develop specific and manageable farm sites and agricultural land uses but the impact is limited. Large scale impacts on agricultural land uses and livelihoods will depend on planners and advocates agreeing on policies that encompass a diversity of opinions, land uses, and land managers, while understanding the array of networks beyond the city that sustain both urban and rural systems. Close

• 47. [Article] Creating Community Through Urban Gardens

  "Creating Community Through Urban Gardening" represents the commitment of four individuals to assist the Oregon Food Bank (OFB) in its efforts to meet the food needs of the people of Oregon. The project ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Creating Community Through Urban Gardens Author: Gratchner, Jay, Hartnett, Susan, Kroll, Susan, Nicholson, Laurie Year: 1994 "Creating Community Through Urban Gardening" represents the commitment of four individuals to assist the Oregon Food Bank (OFB) in its efforts to meet the food needs of the people of Oregon. The project was specifically designed to assist OFB in achieving its strategic goals which seek to "triple the amount of quality food acquired and made available to disadvantaged people" and to "impact the conditions underlying hunger and to promote the empowerment of disadvantaged people to achieve economic independence." The work of the project explored strategies for an urban gardening program that could be implemented by OFB. This report is intended to provide OFB and its Board of Directors an overview of urban gardening options, to outline three possible implementation alternatives and to make recommendations about further action. The report examines challenges and opportunities offered by each alternative, paying closer attention to its ability to impact the conditions underlying hunger than to the quantity of food produced. This approach is based on the ethic of providing a hand up for those in need of food. This project's long term goal is to contribute not only to the nutritional needs of disadvantaged people, but to improve their self-esteem and economic condition as well. The report also reviews other issues related to any gardening or fanning effort OFB may choose to undertake. Specific attention was given to identifying any regulations that might need to be considered in selecting an alternative to implement: Issues related to operation and production of any undertaking are presented in broad terms. The intent is to provide a starting point for good decision making and not to present a blueprint for a specific alternative. The report includes three recommendations: Determine if the Local Member Agencies (LMAs) and clients desire (more) fresh produce and that the LMAs can store and distribute it. Establish priorities for OFB's strategic goals and objectives that relate to increasing the quantity of food available and addressing the conditions underlying hunger. Concentrate OFB resources to maximize the effectiveness of the chosen option(s) to achieve its strategic plan goals and objectives. These recommendations are included to encourage OFB to make careful and rational choices from the objectives proposed in its strategic plan. Title: Creating Community Through Urban Gardens Author: Gratchner, Jay, Hartnett, Susan, Kroll, Susan, Nicholson, Laurie Year: 1994 "Creating Community Through Urban Gardening" represents the commitment of four individuals to assist the Oregon Food Bank (OFB) in its efforts to meet the food needs of the people of Oregon. The project was specifically designed to assist OFB in achieving its strategic goals which seek to "triple the amount of quality food acquired and made available to disadvantaged people" and to "impact the conditions underlying hunger and to promote the empowerment of disadvantaged people to achieve economic independence." The work of the project explored strategies for an urban gardening program that could be implemented by OFB. This report is intended to provide OFB and its Board of Directors an overview of urban gardening options, to outline three possible implementation alternatives and to make recommendations about further action. The report examines challenges and opportunities offered by each alternative, paying closer attention to its ability to impact the conditions underlying hunger than to the quantity of food produced. This approach is based on the ethic of providing a hand up for those in need of food. This project's long term goal is to contribute not only to the nutritional needs of disadvantaged people, but to improve their self-esteem and economic condition as well. The report also reviews other issues related to any gardening or fanning effort OFB may choose to undertake. Specific attention was given to identifying any regulations that might need to be considered in selecting an alternative to implement: Issues related to operation and production of any undertaking are presented in broad terms. The intent is to provide a starting point for good decision making and not to present a blueprint for a specific alternative. The report includes three recommendations: Determine if the Local Member Agencies (LMAs) and clients desire (more) fresh produce and that the LMAs can store and distribute it. Establish priorities for OFB's strategic goals and objectives that relate to increasing the quantity of food available and addressing the conditions underlying hunger. Concentrate OFB resources to maximize the effectiveness of the chosen option(s) to achieve its strategic plan goals and objectives. These recommendations are included to encourage OFB to make careful and rational choices from the objectives proposed in its strategic plan. Close

• 48. [Article] The Multicultural Family Learning Gardens at the Learning Gardens Laboratory: An Investigation of Community Collaboration

  This project explores the role of the small-scale polyculture garden in promoting a resilient community, its importance in helping meet nutritional and medicinal needs, and its role as a site for civic ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The Multicultural Family Learning Gardens at the Learning Gardens Laboratory: An Investigation of Community Collaboration Author: Morris, Madelyn Mickelberry Year: 2010 This project explores the role of the small-scale polyculture garden in promoting a resilient community, its importance in helping meet nutritional and medicinal needs, and its role as a site for civic and place-based transformative development. The pedagogical principles of sustainability education address the importance of ecological systems, biocultural diversity, social & economic justice, and multicultural perspectives. Framing the garden as a sustainable solution, I will address the need for vibrant local food networks, particularly in low-income areas; social, ecological, and community resilience; opportunities for ecological education; and increased meaningful opportunities for civic engagement. Using a conceptual framework of the garden's social and cultural relevance, commitment to valuing multicultural perspectives, and emphasis upon the validation of the subaltern cultural experience (as opposed to the dominant hegemonic cultural experience), this paper tells the story of my work developing the 2010 Multicultural Family Learning Gardens at the Learning Gardens Laboratory in Portland, Oregon. The Multicultural Family Learning Gardens provides diverse families from the Lane Middle School community with free space to garden at the Learning Gardens Laboratory (LGL), located in the Brentwood-Darlington neighborhood of Southeast Portland, Oregon. Free seeds, seedlings, and access to tools and other resources on site are provided. Participating families receive support to help them achieve success in vegetable gardening, and some are paired with experienced Garden Mentors-volunteers drawn from the Oregon State University (OSU) Extension Master Gardener program who assist them throughout the season. Additionally, Portland State University (PSU) students assemble educational gardening materials and resources for families to use and provide volunteer coordination for the project. As project coordinator, I recruit families and support family involvement; develop guidelines and other deliverables; plan, design, and develop the gardens; recruit volunteers and coordinate their efforts; facilitate collaboration of various groups; act as a resource during drop-in gardening times for families; and serve as a contact person and source of information and support for everyone involved in the project. Through describing the process of developing this project at LGL and including details on the experiences of participants, I hope to provide a useful framework that enables continuation and evolution of this project. The insights gained will likely support similar projects across the country, given the growing interest in garden-based projects and issues related to food insecurity, hunger, and health that affect low-income and non-white populations. Title: The Multicultural Family Learning Gardens at the Learning Gardens Laboratory: An Investigation of Community Collaboration Author: Morris, Madelyn Mickelberry Year: 2010 This project explores the role of the small-scale polyculture garden in promoting a resilient community, its importance in helping meet nutritional and medicinal needs, and its role as a site for civic and place-based transformative development. The pedagogical principles of sustainability education address the importance of ecological systems, biocultural diversity, social & economic justice, and multicultural perspectives. Framing the garden as a sustainable solution, I will address the need for vibrant local food networks, particularly in low-income areas; social, ecological, and community resilience; opportunities for ecological education; and increased meaningful opportunities for civic engagement. Using a conceptual framework of the garden's social and cultural relevance, commitment to valuing multicultural perspectives, and emphasis upon the validation of the subaltern cultural experience (as opposed to the dominant hegemonic cultural experience), this paper tells the story of my work developing the 2010 Multicultural Family Learning Gardens at the Learning Gardens Laboratory in Portland, Oregon. The Multicultural Family Learning Gardens provides diverse families from the Lane Middle School community with free space to garden at the Learning Gardens Laboratory (LGL), located in the Brentwood-Darlington neighborhood of Southeast Portland, Oregon. Free seeds, seedlings, and access to tools and other resources on site are provided. Participating families receive support to help them achieve success in vegetable gardening, and some are paired with experienced Garden Mentors-volunteers drawn from the Oregon State University (OSU) Extension Master Gardener program who assist them throughout the season. Additionally, Portland State University (PSU) students assemble educational gardening materials and resources for families to use and provide volunteer coordination for the project. As project coordinator, I recruit families and support family involvement; develop guidelines and other deliverables; plan, design, and develop the gardens; recruit volunteers and coordinate their efforts; facilitate collaboration of various groups; act as a resource during drop-in gardening times for families; and serve as a contact person and source of information and support for everyone involved in the project. Through describing the process of developing this project at LGL and including details on the experiences of participants, I hope to provide a useful framework that enables continuation and evolution of this project. The insights gained will likely support similar projects across the country, given the growing interest in garden-based projects and issues related to food insecurity, hunger, and health that affect low-income and non-white populations. Close

• 49. [Article] Where the Ends Don’t Meet: Measuring Poverty and Self-Sufficiency Among Oregon’s Families

  This report uses the Self-Sufficiency Standard developed by Dr. Diana Pearce at the University of Washington to analyze the extent to which Oregon households earn enough money to meet their basic needs ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Where the Ends Don’t Meet: Measuring Poverty and Self-Sufficiency Among Oregon’s Families Author: Rowe, Melissa, Martin, Sheila A, Gu, Danan, Sprague, Webb Year: 2010 This report uses the Self-Sufficiency Standard developed by Dr. Diana Pearce at the University of Washington to analyze the extent to which Oregon households earn enough money to meet their basic needs without a public subsidy. This standard, a vast improvement on the federal poverty level, accounts for differences in the cost of living based on family structure, age of children, and county of residence. Dr. Pearce has defined the income required to meet basic needs for every county in Oregon and a number of household types. A large number of Oregon households not considered poor by the federal poverty level nevertheless do not earn enough income to meet their basic needs. In this report, we use census data to sort households into those that meet versus those that don’t meet the Self-Sufficiency Standard and describe how basic socioeconomic factors such as family structure and householder sex, race/ethnicity, education, and work affect the extent to which households earn enough to make ends meet. Title: Where the Ends Don’t Meet: Measuring Poverty and Self-Sufficiency Among Oregon’s Families Author: Rowe, Melissa, Martin, Sheila A, Gu, Danan, Sprague, Webb Year: 2010 This report uses the Self-Sufficiency Standard developed by Dr. Diana Pearce at the University of Washington to analyze the extent to which Oregon households earn enough money to meet their basic needs without a public subsidy. This standard, a vast improvement on the federal poverty level, accounts for differences in the cost of living based on family structure, age of children, and county of residence. Dr. Pearce has defined the income required to meet basic needs for every county in Oregon and a number of household types. A large number of Oregon households not considered poor by the federal poverty level nevertheless do not earn enough income to meet their basic needs. In this report, we use census data to sort households into those that meet versus those that don’t meet the Self-Sufficiency Standard and describe how basic socioeconomic factors such as family structure and householder sex, race/ethnicity, education, and work affect the extent to which households earn enough to make ends meet. Close

• 50. [Article] Historical Vegetation of Central Southwest Oregon, Based on GLO Survey Notes : Final Report to USDI Bureau of Land Management, Medford District

  Historical vegetation at the time of European settlement is of great interest to both the public and land managers, but is poorly documented. One source of data are the earliest land survey records of ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Historical Vegetation of Central Southwest Oregon, Based on GLO Survey Notes : Final Report to USDI Bureau of Land Management, Medford District Author: Hickman, O. Eugene, Christy, John A. Year: 2011 Historical vegetation at the time of European settlement is of great interest to both the public and land managers, but is poorly documented. One source of data are the earliest land survey records of the General Land Office (GLO). Rectangular township surveys in Southwest Oregon were initiated in the mid 1850’s as settlers began to claim homesteads in the Bear Creek Valley surrounding what is now Medford. We examined GLO land survey field notes and plats (maps) accompanying the surveys, transcribed GLO landscape data into an Access database, and classified the data set into very general vegetation types for mapping. About 89 vegetation types (subclasses) were described for mapping historic vegetation, distinguished by major differences in plant composition and topographic features. Tree density was estimated from section line descriptions and witness tree spacing at corners, and was used to classify stands into tree classes. These types then were combined into broad “Vegetation Classes” for mapping (i.e. savanna, shrubland, forest, prairie). Classifying and mapping historical vegetation occurred on about 418,500 acres in an earlier OSU study, and about 720,700 acres in this BLM study, located in Jackson and Josephine Counties. The authors merged results from these adjacent GLO studies, expanding the coverage to approximately 1.14 million acres (49 townships). Modern soil surveys of the study area helped the authors interpret GLO data and draw vegetation boundaries. About 44% of the landscape was closed upland forest, 41% woodland, 1.4% riparian forest, 2% oak or conifer savanna, 1% shrublands, and 11% bottomland meadow or upland prairie. Forest types ranged from moist, mixed conifer uplands to dry valley ponderosa pine-hardwood grassland. Large areas of prairie and mixed oak-conifer woodland dominated many low elevation locations on plains, foothills, and especially clayey terraces or southern slopes near what is now Medford. Nearly 115 plant species or plant groups were identified by the surveyors, mostly trees and shrubs. Some were misidentified and not easily interpreted by the authors when archaic names were used by the surveyors. Grazing quality was frequently noted as surveyors attempted to describe land productivity for livestock. Historic baseline plant data is presented for broad landscape transects and sometimes by topographic positions, but is limited by the sketchy nature of the original surveyor notes. Nearly 350 homestead parcels of various sizes were claimed in the study, as identified in GLO survey notes and on Donation Land Claim maps, showing how quickly settlement occurred in the study area after gold was discovered in 1851. Most early homesteads included prairie or oak savanna, which was open and more easily converted to farmland or pasture. Early saw mills, grist mills, fields, roads, water diversions and major Indian trails were also identified and transcribed from the GLO records. Title: Historical Vegetation of Central Southwest Oregon, Based on GLO Survey Notes : Final Report to USDI Bureau of Land Management, Medford District Author: Hickman, O. Eugene, Christy, John A. Year: 2011 Historical vegetation at the time of European settlement is of great interest to both the public and land managers, but is poorly documented. One source of data are the earliest land survey records of the General Land Office (GLO). Rectangular township surveys in Southwest Oregon were initiated in the mid 1850’s as settlers began to claim homesteads in the Bear Creek Valley surrounding what is now Medford. We examined GLO land survey field notes and plats (maps) accompanying the surveys, transcribed GLO landscape data into an Access database, and classified the data set into very general vegetation types for mapping. About 89 vegetation types (subclasses) were described for mapping historic vegetation, distinguished by major differences in plant composition and topographic features. Tree density was estimated from section line descriptions and witness tree spacing at corners, and was used to classify stands into tree classes. These types then were combined into broad “Vegetation Classes” for mapping (i.e. savanna, shrubland, forest, prairie). Classifying and mapping historical vegetation occurred on about 418,500 acres in an earlier OSU study, and about 720,700 acres in this BLM study, located in Jackson and Josephine Counties. The authors merged results from these adjacent GLO studies, expanding the coverage to approximately 1.14 million acres (49 townships). Modern soil surveys of the study area helped the authors interpret GLO data and draw vegetation boundaries. About 44% of the landscape was closed upland forest, 41% woodland, 1.4% riparian forest, 2% oak or conifer savanna, 1% shrublands, and 11% bottomland meadow or upland prairie. Forest types ranged from moist, mixed conifer uplands to dry valley ponderosa pine-hardwood grassland. Large areas of prairie and mixed oak-conifer woodland dominated many low elevation locations on plains, foothills, and especially clayey terraces or southern slopes near what is now Medford. Nearly 115 plant species or plant groups were identified by the surveyors, mostly trees and shrubs. Some were misidentified and not easily interpreted by the authors when archaic names were used by the surveyors. Grazing quality was frequently noted as surveyors attempted to describe land productivity for livestock. Historic baseline plant data is presented for broad landscape transects and sometimes by topographic positions, but is limited by the sketchy nature of the original surveyor notes. Nearly 350 homestead parcels of various sizes were claimed in the study, as identified in GLO survey notes and on Donation Land Claim maps, showing how quickly settlement occurred in the study area after gold was discovered in 1851. Most early homesteads included prairie or oak savanna, which was open and more easily converted to farmland or pasture. Early saw mills, grist mills, fields, roads, water diversions and major Indian trails were also identified and transcribed from the GLO records. Close

• 51. [Article] Cultivating Portlandia: A Mixed-Method Study of Residential Urban Agriculture in Portland, Oregon

  Research Question: What is the scale and scope of residential urban agriculture (UA) in metro Portland? How does the practice of UA vary spatially? How do gardeners' motivations and practices vary along ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Cultivating Portlandia: A Mixed-Method Study of Residential Urban Agriculture in Portland, Oregon Author: McClintock, Nathan, Simpson, Mike, Mahmoudi, Dillon, Santos, Jacinto Pereira Year: 2014 Research Question: What is the scale and scope of residential urban agriculture (UA) in metro Portland? How does the practice of UA vary spatially? How do gardeners' motivations and practices vary along socioeconomic lines? Title: Cultivating Portlandia: A Mixed-Method Study of Residential Urban Agriculture in Portland, Oregon Author: McClintock, Nathan, Simpson, Mike, Mahmoudi, Dillon, Santos, Jacinto Pereira Year: 2014 Research Question: What is the scale and scope of residential urban agriculture (UA) in metro Portland? How does the practice of UA vary spatially? How do gardeners' motivations and practices vary along socioeconomic lines? Close

• 52. [Article] Interview with Shari Sirkin, Dancing Roots Farm, 2008 (audio)

  Interview of Shari Sirkin by Brian Francetich at Troutdale, Oregon on May 28th, 2008. The interview index is available for download.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Interview with Shari Sirkin, Dancing Roots Farm, 2008 (audio) Author: Sirkin, Shari Year: 2008 Interview of Shari Sirkin by Brian Francetich at Troutdale, Oregon on May 28th, 2008. The interview index is available for download. Title: Interview with Shari Sirkin, Dancing Roots Farm, 2008 (audio) Author: Sirkin, Shari Year: 2008 Interview of Shari Sirkin by Brian Francetich at Troutdale, Oregon on May 28th, 2008. The interview index is available for download. Close

• 53. [Article] Occupational Health and Safety Status of Indigenous and Latino Farmworkers in Oregon

  Exposure to pesticides poses great risk to agricultural workers and their families. Of the approximately 174,000 agricultural workers in Oregon, studies estimate that up to 40% of the workers in Oregon ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Occupational Health and Safety Status of Indigenous and Latino Farmworkers in Oregon Author: Farquhar, Stephanie, Goff, Nancy M., Shadbeh, Nargess, Samples, Julie, Ventura, Santiago, Sanchez, Valentin, Rao, Pamela, Davis, Shelley Year: 2009 Exposure to pesticides poses great risk to agricultural workers and their families. Of the approximately 174,000 agricultural workers in Oregon, studies estimate that up to 40% of the workers in Oregon are indigenous and may be particularly vulnerable to the health risks of working in pesticide treated areas. Surveys conducted with Oregon farmworkers suggest that Latino and indigenous farmworkers differ demographically and may have diverse occupational and health needs. All Latino workers reported Spanish as their native language, while indigenous workers spoke several different native languages. Latino workers were employed mostly in orchards (28%) and nurseries (24%), while indigenous workers were mostly pickers (40%). Indigenous farmworkers reported less frequent suitable occupational safety training, and potentially less knowledge of the health consequences of pesticides. Addressing the barriers to obtaining pesticide health and safety information is of primary importance, given the changing demographics of farmworkers in Oregon. This article concludes with a discussion of these findings and the programmatic activities that have been implemented in Oregon to improve farmworkers' understanding of hazards and rights associated with agricultural work. Title: Occupational Health and Safety Status of Indigenous and Latino Farmworkers in Oregon Author: Farquhar, Stephanie, Goff, Nancy M., Shadbeh, Nargess, Samples, Julie, Ventura, Santiago, Sanchez, Valentin, Rao, Pamela, Davis, Shelley Year: 2009 Exposure to pesticides poses great risk to agricultural workers and their families. Of the approximately 174,000 agricultural workers in Oregon, studies estimate that up to 40% of the workers in Oregon are indigenous and may be particularly vulnerable to the health risks of working in pesticide treated areas. Surveys conducted with Oregon farmworkers suggest that Latino and indigenous farmworkers differ demographically and may have diverse occupational and health needs. All Latino workers reported Spanish as their native language, while indigenous workers spoke several different native languages. Latino workers were employed mostly in orchards (28%) and nurseries (24%), while indigenous workers were mostly pickers (40%). Indigenous farmworkers reported less frequent suitable occupational safety training, and potentially less knowledge of the health consequences of pesticides. Addressing the barriers to obtaining pesticide health and safety information is of primary importance, given the changing demographics of farmworkers in Oregon. This article concludes with a discussion of these findings and the programmatic activities that have been implemented in Oregon to improve farmworkers' understanding of hazards and rights associated with agricultural work. Close

• 54. [Article] The Role Of Soil Test Information In Reducing Groundwater Pollution

  Testing soils for nutrients is expected to improve groundwater quality. However, it is unknown whether soil testing will improve groundwater quality sufficiently to decrease the demand for direct regulation ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The Role Of Soil Test Information In Reducing Groundwater Pollution Author: Fleming, Ronald A., Adams, Richard M., Ervin, David E. Year: 1998 Testing soils for nutrients is expected to improve groundwater quality. However, it is unknown whether soil testing will improve groundwater quality sufficiently to decrease the demand for direct regulation of agricultural practices. Focusing on an irrigated agricultural region in eastern Oregon, the economic and environmental aspects of soil testing are assessed using a spatially distributed, dynamic simulation model which links economic behavior with the physical processes that determine groundwater quality. Results indicate that soil testing of all fields increases farm profits and reduces groundwater nitrate concentration. However, the benefits are small in terms of potential improvements in groundwater quality. Title: The Role Of Soil Test Information In Reducing Groundwater Pollution Author: Fleming, Ronald A., Adams, Richard M., Ervin, David E. Year: 1998 Testing soils for nutrients is expected to improve groundwater quality. However, it is unknown whether soil testing will improve groundwater quality sufficiently to decrease the demand for direct regulation of agricultural practices. Focusing on an irrigated agricultural region in eastern Oregon, the economic and environmental aspects of soil testing are assessed using a spatially distributed, dynamic simulation model which links economic behavior with the physical processes that determine groundwater quality. Results indicate that soil testing of all fields increases farm profits and reduces groundwater nitrate concentration. However, the benefits are small in terms of potential improvements in groundwater quality. Close

• 55. [Article] Interview with Caitlin Blethen, Growing Gardens, 2009 (audio)

  Interview of Caitlin Blethen by Kristin Milner at Growing Gardens Organization Portland, Oregon on July 29th, 2009. The interview index is available for download.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Interview with Caitlin Blethen, Growing Gardens, 2009 (audio) Author: Blethen, Caitlin Year: 2009 Interview of Caitlin Blethen by Kristin Milner at Growing Gardens Organization Portland, Oregon on July 29th, 2009. The interview index is available for download. Title: Interview with Caitlin Blethen, Growing Gardens, 2009 (audio) Author: Blethen, Caitlin Year: 2009 Interview of Caitlin Blethen by Kristin Milner at Growing Gardens Organization Portland, Oregon on July 29th, 2009. The interview index is available for download. Close

• 56. [Article] Interview with Michael Menzies, Braeside Farms, 2008 (audio)

  Interview of Michael Menzies by Joel DaMetz at Braeside Farms in Estacada, Oregon on June 6th, 2008. The interview index is available for download.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Interview with Michael Menzies, Braeside Farms, 2008 (audio) Author: Menzies, Michael Year: 2008 Interview of Michael Menzies by Joel DaMetz at Braeside Farms in Estacada, Oregon on June 6th, 2008. The interview index is available for download. Title: Interview with Michael Menzies, Braeside Farms, 2008 (audio) Author: Menzies, Michael Year: 2008 Interview of Michael Menzies by Joel DaMetz at Braeside Farms in Estacada, Oregon on June 6th, 2008. The interview index is available for download. Close

• 57. [Article] Interview with Angela Martin, Village Gardens, 2009 (audio)

  Interview of Angela Martin by Steve Jarosz at Village Gardens, Portland, Oregon on August 6th, 2009. The interview index is available for download.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Interview with Angela Martin, Village Gardens, 2009 (audio) Author: Martin, Angela Year: 2009 Interview of Angela Martin by Steve Jarosz at Village Gardens, Portland, Oregon on August 6th, 2009. The interview index is available for download. Title: Interview with Angela Martin, Village Gardens, 2009 (audio) Author: Martin, Angela Year: 2009 Interview of Angela Martin by Steve Jarosz at Village Gardens, Portland, Oregon on August 6th, 2009. The interview index is available for download. Close

• 58. [Article] Interview with Weston Miller, OSU Extension Service, 2011 (audio)

  Interview of Weston Miller by Jan Steinbock in Portland, Oregon on August 3rd, 2011. The interview index is available for download.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Interview with Weston Miller, OSU Extension Service, 2011 (audio) Author: Miller, Weston Year: 2011 Interview of Weston Miller by Jan Steinbock in Portland, Oregon on August 3rd, 2011. The interview index is available for download. Title: Interview with Weston Miller, OSU Extension Service, 2011 (audio) Author: Miller, Weston Year: 2011 Interview of Weston Miller by Jan Steinbock in Portland, Oregon on August 3rd, 2011. The interview index is available for download. Close

• 59. [Article] Interview with David Shonk, Bumblebee Farm, 2008 (audio)

  Interview of David Shonk by Brian Francetich at Troutdale, Oregon on June 4th, 2008. The interview index is available for download.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Interview with David Shonk, Bumblebee Farm, 2008 (audio) Author: Shonk, David Year: 2008 Interview of David Shonk by Brian Francetich at Troutdale, Oregon on June 4th, 2008. The interview index is available for download. Title: Interview with David Shonk, Bumblebee Farm, 2008 (audio) Author: Shonk, David Year: 2008 Interview of David Shonk by Brian Francetich at Troutdale, Oregon on June 4th, 2008. The interview index is available for download. Close

• 60. [Article] Interview with Rebeca Siplak, Oregon Food Bank, 2010 (audio)

  Interview of Rebeca Siplak by Joseph Chatterley on August 2nd, 2010.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Interview with Rebeca Siplak, Oregon Food Bank, 2010 (audio) Author: Siplak, Rebeca Year: 2010 Interview of Rebeca Siplak by Joseph Chatterley on August 2nd, 2010. Title: Interview with Rebeca Siplak, Oregon Food Bank, 2010 (audio) Author: Siplak, Rebeca Year: 2010 Interview of Rebeca Siplak by Joseph Chatterley on August 2nd, 2010. Close

• 61. [Article] Interview with Trudy Toliver, Portland Farmers Market, 2011 (audio)

  Interview of Trudy Toliver by Sara Davenport at Portland, Oregon on August 1st, 2011. The interview index is available for download.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Interview with Trudy Toliver, Portland Farmers Market, 2011 (audio) Author: Toliver, Trudy Year: 2011 Interview of Trudy Toliver by Sara Davenport at Portland, Oregon on August 1st, 2011. The interview index is available for download. Title: Interview with Trudy Toliver, Portland Farmers Market, 2011 (audio) Author: Toliver, Trudy Year: 2011 Interview of Trudy Toliver by Sara Davenport at Portland, Oregon on August 1st, 2011. The interview index is available for download. Close

• 62. [Article] Interview with Dan J. Wilson, SuDan Farms, 2007 (audio)

  Interview of Dan J. Wilson by Jason Keaton at Canby, Oregon on August 10th, 2007. The interview index is available for download.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Interview with Dan J. Wilson, SuDan Farms, 2007 (audio) Author: Wilson, Dan J. Year: 2007 Interview of Dan J. Wilson by Jason Keaton at Canby, Oregon on August 10th, 2007. The interview index is available for download. Title: Interview with Dan J. Wilson, SuDan Farms, 2007 (audio) Author: Wilson, Dan J. Year: 2007 Interview of Dan J. Wilson by Jason Keaton at Canby, Oregon on August 10th, 2007. The interview index is available for download. Close

• 63. [Article] Interview with John Witte, Tenino Farms, 2010 (audio)

  Interview of John Witte by Steve Rosin at Portland, Oregon on March 1st, 2010. The interview index is available for download.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Interview with John Witte, Tenino Farms, 2010 (audio) Author: Witte, John Year: 2010 Interview of John Witte by Steve Rosin at Portland, Oregon on March 1st, 2010. The interview index is available for download. Title: Interview with John Witte, Tenino Farms, 2010 (audio) Author: Witte, John Year: 2010 Interview of John Witte by Steve Rosin at Portland, Oregon on March 1st, 2010. The interview index is available for download. Close

• 64. [Article] Interview with Courtney Leeds, Candy Lane Elementary, 2013 (audio)

  Interview of Courtney Leeds by Nicole Bull at Candy Lane Elementary in Portland, Oregon on May 15th, 2013. The interview index is available for download.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Interview with Courtney Leeds, Candy Lane Elementary, 2013 (audio) Author: Leeds, Courtney Year: 2013 Interview of Courtney Leeds by Nicole Bull at Candy Lane Elementary in Portland, Oregon on May 15th, 2013. The interview index is available for download. Title: Interview with Courtney Leeds, Candy Lane Elementary, 2013 (audio) Author: Leeds, Courtney Year: 2013 Interview of Courtney Leeds by Nicole Bull at Candy Lane Elementary in Portland, Oregon on May 15th, 2013. The interview index is available for download. Close

• 65. [Article] Interview with Kristine Garnero Obbink, Portland Public School, 2013 (audio)

  Interview of Kristine Garnero Obbink by Loraine Decker at 705 N. Killingsworth St., Portland, Oregon on May 14th, 2013. The interview index is available for download.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Interview with Kristine Garnero Obbink, Portland Public School, 2013 (audio) Author: Obbink, Kristine Garnero Year: 2013 Interview of Kristine Garnero Obbink by Loraine Decker at 705 N. Killingsworth St., Portland, Oregon on May 14th, 2013. The interview index is available for download. Title: Interview with Kristine Garnero Obbink, Portland Public School, 2013 (audio) Author: Obbink, Kristine Garnero Year: 2013 Interview of Kristine Garnero Obbink by Loraine Decker at 705 N. Killingsworth St., Portland, Oregon on May 14th, 2013. The interview index is available for download. Close

• 66. [Article] Interview with David Beller, Mercy Corp NW, 2010 (audio)

  Interview of David Beller by Kyle Koonce at Mercy Corp Portland, Oregon on February 25th, 2010. The interview index is available for download.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Interview with David Beller, Mercy Corp NW, 2010 (audio) Author: Beller, David Year: 2010 Interview of David Beller by Kyle Koonce at Mercy Corp Portland, Oregon on February 25th, 2010. The interview index is available for download. Title: Interview with David Beller, Mercy Corp NW, 2010 (audio) Author: Beller, David Year: 2010 Interview of David Beller by Kyle Koonce at Mercy Corp Portland, Oregon on February 25th, 2010. The interview index is available for download. Close

• 67. [Article] Interview with Roger Allen Konka, Springwater Farm, 2007 (audio)

  Interview of Roger Allen Konka by Michael Schott on July 29th, 2007. The interview index is available for download.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Interview with Roger Allen Konka, Springwater Farm, 2007 (audio) Author: Konka, Roger Allen Year: 2007 Interview of Roger Allen Konka by Michael Schott on July 29th, 2007. The interview index is available for download. Title: Interview with Roger Allen Konka, Springwater Farm, 2007 (audio) Author: Konka, Roger Allen Year: 2007 Interview of Roger Allen Konka by Michael Schott on July 29th, 2007. The interview index is available for download. Close

• 68. [Article] Interview with Dianne Stefani-Ruff, Portland Farmers Market, 2007 (audio)

  Interview of Dianne Stefani-Ruff by Jennifer Bennett on July 31st, 2007. The interview index is available for download.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Interview with Dianne Stefani-Ruff, Portland Farmers Market, 2007 (audio) Author: Stefani-Ruff, Dianne Year: 2007 Interview of Dianne Stefani-Ruff by Jennifer Bennett on July 31st, 2007. The interview index is available for download. Title: Interview with Dianne Stefani-Ruff, Portland Farmers Market, 2007 (audio) Author: Stefani-Ruff, Dianne Year: 2007 Interview of Dianne Stefani-Ruff by Jennifer Bennett on July 31st, 2007. The interview index is available for download. Close

• 69. [Article] Interview with Lyle N. Stanley, Gee Creek Farm, 2007 (audio)

  Interview of Lyle N. Stanley by Aaron Veal at Portland State University on July 28th, 2007. The interview index is available for download.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Interview with Lyle N. Stanley, Gee Creek Farm, 2007 (audio) Author: Stanley, Lyle N. Year: 2007 Interview of Lyle N. Stanley by Aaron Veal at Portland State University on July 28th, 2007. The interview index is available for download. Title: Interview with Lyle N. Stanley, Gee Creek Farm, 2007 (audio) Author: Stanley, Lyle N. Year: 2007 Interview of Lyle N. Stanley by Aaron Veal at Portland State University on July 28th, 2007. The interview index is available for download. Close

• 70. [Article] Interview with Jill and Michael J. Paine, Gaining Ground Farm, 2008 (audio)

  Interview of Jill and Michael J. Pain by James Pritchett in Yamhill, Oregon on May 28th, 2008. The interview index is available for download.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Interview with Jill and Michael J. Paine, Gaining Ground Farm, 2008 (audio) Author: Paine, Jill, Paine, Michael J. Year: 2008 Interview of Jill and Michael J. Pain by James Pritchett in Yamhill, Oregon on May 28th, 2008. The interview index is available for download. Title: Interview with Jill and Michael J. Paine, Gaining Ground Farm, 2008 (audio) Author: Paine, Jill, Paine, Michael J. Year: 2008 Interview of Jill and Michael J. Pain by James Pritchett in Yamhill, Oregon on May 28th, 2008. The interview index is available for download. Close

• 71. [Article] Interview with Julie Corpron, Raleigh Park Elementary Garden, 2013 (audio)

  Interview of Julie Corpron by Margret Harburg May 14th, 2013. The interview index is available for download.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Interview with Julie Corpron, Raleigh Park Elementary Garden, 2013 (audio) Author: Corpron, Julie Year: 2013 Interview of Julie Corpron by Margret Harburg May 14th, 2013. The interview index is available for download. Title: Interview with Julie Corpron, Raleigh Park Elementary Garden, 2013 (audio) Author: Corpron, Julie Year: 2013 Interview of Julie Corpron by Margret Harburg May 14th, 2013. The interview index is available for download. Close

• 72. [Article] Interview with Justin Davidson, Candy Lane Elementary, 2013 (audio)

  Interview of Justin Davidson by Nicole Bull at Candy Lane Elementary in Milwaukie, Oregon on May 15th, 2013. The interview index is available for download.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Interview with Justin Davidson, Candy Lane Elementary, 2013 (audio) Author: Davidson, Justin Year: 2013 Interview of Justin Davidson by Nicole Bull at Candy Lane Elementary in Milwaukie, Oregon on May 15th, 2013. The interview index is available for download. Title: Interview with Justin Davidson, Candy Lane Elementary, 2013 (audio) Author: Davidson, Justin Year: 2013 Interview of Justin Davidson by Nicole Bull at Candy Lane Elementary in Milwaukie, Oregon on May 15th, 2013. The interview index is available for download. Close

• 73. [Article] Interview with Maggie Michaels, Portland Public Schools, 2013 (audio)

  Interview of Maggie Michaels by Carmen Vigil in NE Portland, Oregon on May 23rd, 2013. The interview index is available for download.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Interview with Maggie Michaels, Portland Public Schools, 2013 (audio) Author: Michaels, Maggie Year: 2013 Interview of Maggie Michaels by Carmen Vigil in NE Portland, Oregon on May 23rd, 2013. The interview index is available for download. Title: Interview with Maggie Michaels, Portland Public Schools, 2013 (audio) Author: Michaels, Maggie Year: 2013 Interview of Maggie Michaels by Carmen Vigil in NE Portland, Oregon on May 23rd, 2013. The interview index is available for download. Close

• 74. [Article] Interview with Candace Russo, Linus Pauling Institute, 2013 (audio)

  Interview of Candace Russo by Kevin Foster in Corvallis, Oregon on May 31st, 2013. The interview index is available for download.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Interview with Candace Russo, Linus Pauling Institute, 2013 (audio) Author: Russo, Candace Year: 2013 Interview of Candace Russo by Kevin Foster in Corvallis, Oregon on May 31st, 2013. The interview index is available for download. Title: Interview with Candace Russo, Linus Pauling Institute, 2013 (audio) Author: Russo, Candace Year: 2013 Interview of Candace Russo by Kevin Foster in Corvallis, Oregon on May 31st, 2013. The interview index is available for download. Close

• 75. [Article] Interview with Jaylen Schmitt, Alameda Elementary, 2013 (audio)

  Interview of Jaylen Schmitt by Brianna Demko at Alameda Elementary School in NE Portland, Oregon on May 24th, 2013. The interview index is available for download.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Interview with Jaylen Schmitt, Alameda Elementary, 2013 (audio) Author: Schmitt, Jaylen Year: 2013 Interview of Jaylen Schmitt by Brianna Demko at Alameda Elementary School in NE Portland, Oregon on May 24th, 2013. The interview index is available for download. Title: Interview with Jaylen Schmitt, Alameda Elementary, 2013 (audio) Author: Schmitt, Jaylen Year: 2013 Interview of Jaylen Schmitt by Brianna Demko at Alameda Elementary School in NE Portland, Oregon on May 24th, 2013. The interview index is available for download. Close

• 76. [Article] Interview with Vida Shore, Alameda Elementary, 2013 (audio)

  Interview of Vida Shore by Brianna Demko at Alameda Elementary in NE Portland, Oregon on May 24th, 2013. The interview index is available for download.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Interview with Vida Shore, Alameda Elementary, 2013 (audio) Author: Shore, Vida Year: 2013 Interview of Vida Shore by Brianna Demko at Alameda Elementary in NE Portland, Oregon on May 24th, 2013. The interview index is available for download. Title: Interview with Vida Shore, Alameda Elementary, 2013 (audio) Author: Shore, Vida Year: 2013 Interview of Vida Shore by Brianna Demko at Alameda Elementary in NE Portland, Oregon on May 24th, 2013. The interview index is available for download. Close

• 77. [Article] Interview with Richard "Brick" Street, Grant High School, 2013 (audio)

  Interview of Richard "Brick" Street by Ciji Dieringer at Grant High School in Portland, Oregon on May 22nd, 2013. The interview index is available for download.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Interview with Richard "Brick" Street, Grant High School, 2013 (audio) Author: Street, Richard Year: 2013 Interview of Richard "Brick" Street by Ciji Dieringer at Grant High School in Portland, Oregon on May 22nd, 2013. The interview index is available for download. Title: Interview with Richard "Brick" Street, Grant High School, 2013 (audio) Author: Street, Richard Year: 2013 Interview of Richard "Brick" Street by Ciji Dieringer at Grant High School in Portland, Oregon on May 22nd, 2013. The interview index is available for download. Close

• 78. [Article] Planting Prosperity and Harvesting Health: Trade-offs and Sustainability in the Oregon-Washington Regional Food System

  This assessment reveals food system sustainability trends in Oregon and Washington, focusing specifically on the producers in both states and the consumers in the Portland- Vancouver region. We began the ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Planting Prosperity and Harvesting Health: Trade-offs and Sustainability in the Oregon-Washington Regional Food System Author: Martin, Sheila A, Henderson, Tia, Merrick, Meg, Mylott, Elizabeth, Haines, Kelly, Price, Colin, Koski, Amy, Dann, Rebecca Year: 2008 This assessment reveals food system sustainability trends in Oregon and Washington, focusing specifically on the producers in both states and the consumers in the Portland- Vancouver region. We began the assessment by asking a group of food system stakeholders from Oregon and Washington to define broadly supported goals for a sustainable food system. They also helped us identify the data necessary to understand trends in the food system. This information can be used in the future to establish benchmarks and to assess future progress toward food system sustainability goals. Framed by stakeholder concerns, this report will assist program and policy decision makers in prioritizing efforts to shape and strengthen the regional food system. This information is also a foundation for building new and unique partnerships among organizations in food system planning. Title: Planting Prosperity and Harvesting Health: Trade-offs and Sustainability in the Oregon-Washington Regional Food System Author: Martin, Sheila A, Henderson, Tia, Merrick, Meg, Mylott, Elizabeth, Haines, Kelly, Price, Colin, Koski, Amy, Dann, Rebecca Year: 2008 This assessment reveals food system sustainability trends in Oregon and Washington, focusing specifically on the producers in both states and the consumers in the Portland- Vancouver region. We began the assessment by asking a group of food system stakeholders from Oregon and Washington to define broadly supported goals for a sustainable food system. They also helped us identify the data necessary to understand trends in the food system. This information can be used in the future to establish benchmarks and to assess future progress toward food system sustainability goals. Framed by stakeholder concerns, this report will assist program and policy decision makers in prioritizing efforts to shape and strengthen the regional food system. This information is also a foundation for building new and unique partnerships among organizations in food system planning. Close

• 79. [Article] Investigating the Link Between Surface Water and Groundwater in the Tule Lake Subbasin, Oregon and California

  Water allocation in the upper Klamath Basin of Oregon and California has been challenging. Irrigators have increasingly turned to groundwater to make up for surface water shortages because of shifts in ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Investigating the Link Between Surface Water and Groundwater in the Tule Lake Subbasin, Oregon and California Author: Pischel, Esther Maria Year: 2014 Water allocation in the upper Klamath Basin of Oregon and California has been challenging. Irrigators have increasingly turned to groundwater to make up for surface water shortages because of shifts in allocation toward in-stream flows for Endangered Species Act listed fishes. The largest increase in groundwater pumping has been in and around the Bureau of Reclamation's Klamath Irrigation Project, which includes the Tule Lake subbasin in the southern part of the upper Klamath Basin. Previous groundwater flow model simulations indicate that water level declines from pumping may result in decreased flow to agricultural drains in the Tule Lake subbasin. Agricultural drains on the Klamath Project are an important source of water for downstream irrigators and for the Tule Lake and Lower Klamath Lake National Wildlife Refuges. To better assess the impact of increased pumping on drain flow and on the water balance of the groundwater system, flow data from agricultural drains were evaluated to investigate the changes that have taken place in groundwater discharge to drains since pumping volumes increased. Additionally, a fine-grid groundwater model of the Tule Lake subbasin was developed based on the existing regional flow model. The fine-grid model has sufficient vertical and horizontal resolution to simulate vertical head gradients, takes advantage of time-series data from 38 observation wells for model calibration, and allows agricultural drains to be more explicitly represented. Results of the drain flow analysis show that the groundwater discharge to agricultural drains has decreased by approximately 4000 hectare-meters from the 1997-2000 average discharge. Most of this decrease takes place in the northern and southeastern portions of the subbasin. Results of the groundwater model show that the initial source of water to wells is groundwater storage. By 2006, approximately 56% of the water from wells is sourced from agricultural drains. Title: Investigating the Link Between Surface Water and Groundwater in the Tule Lake Subbasin, Oregon and California Author: Pischel, Esther Maria Year: 2014 Water allocation in the upper Klamath Basin of Oregon and California has been challenging. Irrigators have increasingly turned to groundwater to make up for surface water shortages because of shifts in allocation toward in-stream flows for Endangered Species Act listed fishes. The largest increase in groundwater pumping has been in and around the Bureau of Reclamation's Klamath Irrigation Project, which includes the Tule Lake subbasin in the southern part of the upper Klamath Basin. Previous groundwater flow model simulations indicate that water level declines from pumping may result in decreased flow to agricultural drains in the Tule Lake subbasin. Agricultural drains on the Klamath Project are an important source of water for downstream irrigators and for the Tule Lake and Lower Klamath Lake National Wildlife Refuges. To better assess the impact of increased pumping on drain flow and on the water balance of the groundwater system, flow data from agricultural drains were evaluated to investigate the changes that have taken place in groundwater discharge to drains since pumping volumes increased. Additionally, a fine-grid groundwater model of the Tule Lake subbasin was developed based on the existing regional flow model. The fine-grid model has sufficient vertical and horizontal resolution to simulate vertical head gradients, takes advantage of time-series data from 38 observation wells for model calibration, and allows agricultural drains to be more explicitly represented. Results of the drain flow analysis show that the groundwater discharge to agricultural drains has decreased by approximately 4000 hectare-meters from the 1997-2000 average discharge. Most of this decrease takes place in the northern and southeastern portions of the subbasin. Results of the groundwater model show that the initial source of water to wells is groundwater storage. By 2006, approximately 56% of the water from wells is sourced from agricultural drains. Close

• 80. [Article] Alien land laws : the curtailing of Japanese agricultural pursuits in Oregon

  This thesis describes the evolution and demise of Oregon's alien land laws of 1923 and 1945 and their impact on the Nikkei community and the state's culture. After a brief discussion of Japanese immigration ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Alien land laws : the curtailing of Japanese agricultural pursuits in Oregon Author: Buck, Amy K. Year: 1999 This thesis describes the evolution and demise of Oregon's alien land laws of 1923 and 1945 and their impact on the Nikkei community and the state's culture. After a brief discussion of Japanese immigration to Oregon and their lifestyle, the work discusses the emergence of discrimination against Japanese residents. At the same time, it outlines how the Nikkei adopted creative responses to the law. This thesis then explores the manner by which anti-Japanese internment policies during World War II shattered the Issei community, revoking many of the gains made in the previous half-century. The effects of the second alien land law and wartime economic changes in agriculture also are considered. The final section of the thesis deals with successful efforts in reversing the alien land laws and suggests how the Japanese experience in Oregon illustrates the challenges facing a pluralist society. Title: Alien land laws : the curtailing of Japanese agricultural pursuits in Oregon Author: Buck, Amy K. Year: 1999 This thesis describes the evolution and demise of Oregon's alien land laws of 1923 and 1945 and their impact on the Nikkei community and the state's culture. After a brief discussion of Japanese immigration to Oregon and their lifestyle, the work discusses the emergence of discrimination against Japanese residents. At the same time, it outlines how the Nikkei adopted creative responses to the law. This thesis then explores the manner by which anti-Japanese internment policies during World War II shattered the Issei community, revoking many of the gains made in the previous half-century. The effects of the second alien land law and wartime economic changes in agriculture also are considered. The final section of the thesis deals with successful efforts in reversing the alien land laws and suggests how the Japanese experience in Oregon illustrates the challenges facing a pluralist society. Close

• 81. [Article] Interview with Sarah Patterson, Lettuce Grow Garden Foundation, 2009 (audio)

  Interview of Sarah Patterson by Diane Mahon in Portland, Oregon on July 29th, 2009. The interview index is available for download.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Interview with Sarah Patterson, Lettuce Grow Garden Foundation, 2009 (audio) Author: Patterson, Sarah Year: 2009 Interview of Sarah Patterson by Diane Mahon in Portland, Oregon on July 29th, 2009. The interview index is available for download. Title: Interview with Sarah Patterson, Lettuce Grow Garden Foundation, 2009 (audio) Author: Patterson, Sarah Year: 2009 Interview of Sarah Patterson by Diane Mahon in Portland, Oregon on July 29th, 2009. The interview index is available for download. Close

• 82. [Article] Cultivating (a) Sustainability Capital: Urban Agriculture, Eco-Gentrification, and the Uneven Valorization of Social Reproduction

  Urban agriculture (UA), for many activists and scholars, plays a prominent role in food justice struggles in cities throughout the Global North, a site of conflict between use and exchange values, and ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Cultivating (a) Sustainability Capital: Urban Agriculture, Eco-Gentrification, and the Uneven Valorization of Social Reproduction Author: McClintock, Nathan Year: 2017 Urban agriculture (UA), for many activists and scholars, plays a prominent role in food justice struggles in cities throughout the Global North, a site of conflict between use and exchange values, and rallying point for progressive claims to the right to the city. Recent critiques, however, warn of its contribution to gentrification and displacement. The use/exchange value binary no longer as useful an analytic as it once was, geographers need to better understand UA’s contradictory relations to capital, particularly in the neoliberal Sustainable City. To this end, I bring together feminist theorizations of social reproduction, Bourdieu’s “species of capital”, and critical geographies of race to help demystify UA’s entanglement in processes of eco-gentrification. In this primarily theoretical contribution, I argue that concrete labor embedded in household-scale UA—a socially reproductive practice—becomes cultural capital that a Sustainable City’s growth coalition in turn valorizes as symbolic sustainability capital used to extract rent and burnish the city’s brand at larger scales. The valorization of UA occurs, by necessity, in a variegated manner; spatial agglomerations of UA and the eco-habitus required for its misrecognition as sustainability capital arise as a function of the interplay between rent gaps and racialized othering. I assert that eco-gentrification is not only a contradiction emerging from an urban sustainability fix, but is central to how racial capitalism functions through green urbanization. Like its contribution to eco-gentrification, I conclude, UA’s emancipatory potential is also spatially variegated. Title: Cultivating (a) Sustainability Capital: Urban Agriculture, Eco-Gentrification, and the Uneven Valorization of Social Reproduction Author: McClintock, Nathan Year: 2017 Urban agriculture (UA), for many activists and scholars, plays a prominent role in food justice struggles in cities throughout the Global North, a site of conflict between use and exchange values, and rallying point for progressive claims to the right to the city. Recent critiques, however, warn of its contribution to gentrification and displacement. The use/exchange value binary no longer as useful an analytic as it once was, geographers need to better understand UA’s contradictory relations to capital, particularly in the neoliberal Sustainable City. To this end, I bring together feminist theorizations of social reproduction, Bourdieu’s “species of capital”, and critical geographies of race to help demystify UA’s entanglement in processes of eco-gentrification. In this primarily theoretical contribution, I argue that concrete labor embedded in household-scale UA—a socially reproductive practice—becomes cultural capital that a Sustainable City’s growth coalition in turn valorizes as symbolic sustainability capital used to extract rent and burnish the city’s brand at larger scales. The valorization of UA occurs, by necessity, in a variegated manner; spatial agglomerations of UA and the eco-habitus required for its misrecognition as sustainability capital arise as a function of the interplay between rent gaps and racialized othering. I assert that eco-gentrification is not only a contradiction emerging from an urban sustainability fix, but is central to how racial capitalism functions through green urbanization. Like its contribution to eco-gentrification, I conclude, UA’s emancipatory potential is also spatially variegated. Close

• 83. [Article] Using Critical Physical Geography to Map the Unintended Consequences of Conservation Management Programs

  A variety of conservation trends have gained and lost favor throughout the years in agriculture, with U.S. Farm Bills often influencing what conservation practices are implemented by farming communities ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Using Critical Physical Geography to Map the Unintended Consequences of Conservation Management Programs Author: Malone, Melanie Year: 2017 A variety of conservation trends have gained and lost favor throughout the years in agriculture, with U.S. Farm Bills often influencing what conservation practices are implemented by farming communities throughout the U.S. This dissertation focuses on the unintended consequences of conservation management practices in the Fifteenmile Watershed of Wasco County, Oregon. Specifically, I seek to address how farmer enrollment in various conservation techniques, loosely defined as no-till agriculture, has affected soil and water quality through the increased use of herbicide, and subsequently rendered ecological and human health vulnerable. Using a critical physical geography framework, I address both the biophysical factors and social structures that have co-produced changes in soil and water quality in the study area of this research through intensive physical field data collection, spatial analysis, social surveys, and interviews. I also demonstrate how three neoliberal sets of processes: market-friendly reregulation; state rollback and deregulation; and the creation of self-sufficient individuals and communities, have transformed the human socio-environmental relationship to agriculture. These processes have had significant effects on the policies governing how soil and water quality are managed on both a state and national level, and have created a dependence on enrollment in conservation practices that may ultimately prove counterproductive for long term goals of environmental protection and sustainability. Title: Using Critical Physical Geography to Map the Unintended Consequences of Conservation Management Programs Author: Malone, Melanie Year: 2017 A variety of conservation trends have gained and lost favor throughout the years in agriculture, with U.S. Farm Bills often influencing what conservation practices are implemented by farming communities throughout the U.S. This dissertation focuses on the unintended consequences of conservation management practices in the Fifteenmile Watershed of Wasco County, Oregon. Specifically, I seek to address how farmer enrollment in various conservation techniques, loosely defined as no-till agriculture, has affected soil and water quality through the increased use of herbicide, and subsequently rendered ecological and human health vulnerable. Using a critical physical geography framework, I address both the biophysical factors and social structures that have co-produced changes in soil and water quality in the study area of this research through intensive physical field data collection, spatial analysis, social surveys, and interviews. I also demonstrate how three neoliberal sets of processes: market-friendly reregulation; state rollback and deregulation; and the creation of self-sufficient individuals and communities, have transformed the human socio-environmental relationship to agriculture. These processes have had significant effects on the policies governing how soil and water quality are managed on both a state and national level, and have created a dependence on enrollment in conservation practices that may ultimately prove counterproductive for long term goals of environmental protection and sustainability. Close

• 84. [Article] Assessment of the Socio-Economic Impacts of SB 1080 on Immigrant Groups

  In July 2008, the State of Oregon implemented SB 1080, legislation that required all applicants for an Oregon Driver License or ID card to present proof of legal presence in the United States. In 2007, ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Assessment of the Socio-Economic Impacts of SB 1080 on Immigrant Groups Author: King, Mary C., Corbett, John G., Chiappetta, John, López Salinas, Anabel Year: 2011 In July 2008, the State of Oregon implemented SB 1080, legislation that required all applicants for an Oregon Driver License or ID card to present proof of legal presence in the United States. In 2007, some 140,000 unauthorized immigrants were estimated to be living in Oregon, more than two-thirds of whom were estimated to be members of the labor force. Approximately 97% of Oregon’s unauthorized immigrants are thought to be Latino, nearly all of Mexican origin. This report includes a discussion of the social science findings on the situation of undocumented workers in the U.S and what is known about the uses of different forms of identification for Mexican nationals. It presents a statistical portrait of the Mexican-born population of Oregon, demonstrating their concentration in particular occupations, particularly agriculture, building and grounds maintenance, food preparation and construction. Given the magnitude of the ongoing recession, no economic impact of SB 1080 is yet discernible. In a full employment context, such as existed during 2007, and after all outstanding licenses held by undocumented immigrants have expired, SB 1080 might reduce state GDP by $160 million, or 0.1%, while raising wages by 0.16%. Economic impacts would be concentrated on those industries that particularly employ undocumented workers, notably agriculture and food service. Interviews with nearly 400 Spanish-speaking Oregon residents, conducted in the Summer of 2009, indicate distress and uncertainty in the Latino community, fear of deportation arising from a traffic stop, a significant number of people driving without a license and adjustments within households that reduce access to employment, education, medical and social services, church attendance and recreation. The full range and magnitudes of impacts cannot be known with certainty until SB 1080 is fully implemented in 2016, and the economy has recovered – and may be mitigated by immigration reform at the Federal level. Title: Assessment of the Socio-Economic Impacts of SB 1080 on Immigrant Groups Author: King, Mary C., Corbett, John G., Chiappetta, John, López Salinas, Anabel Year: 2011 In July 2008, the State of Oregon implemented SB 1080, legislation that required all applicants for an Oregon Driver License or ID card to present proof of legal presence in the United States. In 2007, some 140,000 unauthorized immigrants were estimated to be living in Oregon, more than two-thirds of whom were estimated to be members of the labor force. Approximately 97% of Oregon’s unauthorized immigrants are thought to be Latino, nearly all of Mexican origin. This report includes a discussion of the social science findings on the situation of undocumented workers in the U.S and what is known about the uses of different forms of identification for Mexican nationals. It presents a statistical portrait of the Mexican-born population of Oregon, demonstrating their concentration in particular occupations, particularly agriculture, building and grounds maintenance, food preparation and construction. Given the magnitude of the ongoing recession, no economic impact of SB 1080 is yet discernible. In a full employment context, such as existed during 2007, and after all outstanding licenses held by undocumented immigrants have expired, SB 1080 might reduce state GDP by $160 million, or 0.1%, while raising wages by 0.16%. Economic impacts would be concentrated on those industries that particularly employ undocumented workers, notably agriculture and food service. Interviews with nearly 400 Spanish-speaking Oregon residents, conducted in the Summer of 2009, indicate distress and uncertainty in the Latino community, fear of deportation arising from a traffic stop, a significant number of people driving without a license and adjustments within households that reduce access to employment, education, medical and social services, church attendance and recreation. The full range and magnitudes of impacts cannot be known with certainty until SB 1080 is fully implemented in 2016, and the economy has recovered – and may be mitigated by immigration reform at the Federal level. Close

• 85. [Article] Interview with Brian Croak, Croak Creations, 2006 (audio)

  Interview of Brian Croak by Chloe Collins on November 28th, 2006. The interview index is available for download.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Interview with Brian Croak, Croak Creations, 2006 (audio) Author: Croak, Brian Year: 2006 Interview of Brian Croak by Chloe Collins on November 28th, 2006. The interview index is available for download. Title: Interview with Brian Croak, Croak Creations, 2006 (audio) Author: Croak, Brian Year: 2006 Interview of Brian Croak by Chloe Collins on November 28th, 2006. The interview index is available for download. Close

• 86. [Article] Interview with Laurel MacDonald-Bonnell, MacDonald Environmental, 2006 (audio)

  Interview of Laurel McDonald by Chloe Collins at MacDonald Environmental Planning on November 29th, 2006. The interview index is available for download.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Interview with Laurel MacDonald-Bonnell, MacDonald Environmental, 2006 (audio) Author: MacDonald-Bonnell, Laurel Year: 2006 Interview of Laurel McDonald by Chloe Collins at MacDonald Environmental Planning on November 29th, 2006. The interview index is available for download. Title: Interview with Laurel MacDonald-Bonnell, MacDonald Environmental, 2006 (audio) Author: MacDonald-Bonnell, Laurel Year: 2006 Interview of Laurel McDonald by Chloe Collins at MacDonald Environmental Planning on November 29th, 2006. The interview index is available for download. Close

• 87. [Article] Interview with Carol Mayer-Reed, Mayer/Reed, 2006 (audio)

  Interview of Carol Mayer-Reed by Robyn Russnogle at on December 1st, 2006. The interview index is available for download.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Interview with Carol Mayer-Reed, Mayer/Reed, 2006 (audio) Author: Mayer-Reed, Carol Year: 2006 Interview of Carol Mayer-Reed by Robyn Russnogle at on December 1st, 2006. The interview index is available for download. Title: Interview with Carol Mayer-Reed, Mayer/Reed, 2006 (audio) Author: Mayer-Reed, Carol Year: 2006 Interview of Carol Mayer-Reed by Robyn Russnogle at on December 1st, 2006. The interview index is available for download. Close

• 88. [Article] Interview with Leslie Pohl-Kosbau, Community Garden Project, 2009 (audio)

  Interview of Leslie Pohl-Kosbau by Jayne Pelling on July 31st, 2009.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Interview with Leslie Pohl-Kosbau, Community Garden Project, 2009 (audio) Author: Pohl-Kosbau, Leslie Year: 2009 Interview of Leslie Pohl-Kosbau by Jayne Pelling on July 31st, 2009. Title: Interview with Leslie Pohl-Kosbau, Community Garden Project, 2009 (audio) Author: Pohl-Kosbau, Leslie Year: 2009 Interview of Leslie Pohl-Kosbau by Jayne Pelling on July 31st, 2009. Close

• 89. [Article] Limited horizons on the Oregon frontier : East Tualatin Plains and the town of Hillsboro, Washington County, 1840-1890

  The evolution of the small towns that originated in Oregon's settlement communities remains undocumented in the literature of the state's history for the most part. Those accounts that do exist are often ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Limited horizons on the Oregon frontier : East Tualatin Plains and the town of Hillsboro, Washington County, 1840-1890 Author: Matthews, Richard P. Year: 1988 The evolution of the small towns that originated in Oregon's settlement communities remains undocumented in the literature of the state's history for the most part. Those accounts that do exist are often amateurish, and fail to establish the social and economic links between Oregon's frontier towns to the agricultural communities in which they appeared. The purpose of the thesis is to investigate an early settlement community and the small town that grew up in its midst in order to better understand the ideological relationship between farmers and townsmen that helped shape Oregon's small towns. Title: Limited horizons on the Oregon frontier : East Tualatin Plains and the town of Hillsboro, Washington County, 1840-1890 Author: Matthews, Richard P. Year: 1988 The evolution of the small towns that originated in Oregon's settlement communities remains undocumented in the literature of the state's history for the most part. Those accounts that do exist are often amateurish, and fail to establish the social and economic links between Oregon's frontier towns to the agricultural communities in which they appeared. The purpose of the thesis is to investigate an early settlement community and the small town that grew up in its midst in order to better understand the ideological relationship between farmers and townsmen that helped shape Oregon's small towns. Close

• 90. [Article] Evaluating urban containment programs

  Urban containment programs may be evaluated in terms of a theory unifying contributions from the economic, geographic and political science disciplines. The unified theory shows that successful programs ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Evaluating urban containment programs Author: Nelson, Arthur C. Year: 1984 Urban containment programs may be evaluated in terms of a theory unifying contributions from the economic, geographic and political science disciplines. The unified theory shows that successful programs will segment the urban-rural land market, remove speculative use value of rural land, and result in the urban land market valuing greenbelt proximity as an amenity. A general model to test urban containment programs against the unified theory is developed and then modified for application to Salem, Oregon. Results are fourfold. First, a gap in the locus of urban and rural land values at the UGB indicates that segmentation of the urban-rural land market is associated with urban containment policies. Second, the simultaneous effect of imposing a UGB proximate to urban development and subjecting rural land to conservancy zoning is to remove the speculative value component of rural land and reveal Sinclair's (1967) underlying convex quadratic agricultural use land value gradient. This finding is important in two respects: (a) it confirms the possibility of Sinclair's gradient, which has not been supported empirically hitherto, and (b) it suggests that a program's success in preserving greenbelt land solely for agricultural uses can be evidenced if Sinclair's gradient is revealed. Third, the conditions under which a program may fail to preserve rural land from speculative behavior will be evidenced by the traditional negatively sloping land value gradient. Fourth, where urban development is proximate to a UGB delineating greenbelts, the urban land market will value its proximity as an amenity. This finding is important in two respects: (a) it suggests that proximity to privately owned greenbelts may be valued as an amenity in the urban land market, a finding which has not been reported empirically hitherto, and (b) if an urban land market has confidence in the ability of an urban containment program to prevent sprawl into greenbelts, then it will treat greenbelt proximity as an amenity. The unified theory and methodology developed by this dissertation are generalizable to the evaluation of other urban containment programs. Title: Evaluating urban containment programs Author: Nelson, Arthur C. Year: 1984 Urban containment programs may be evaluated in terms of a theory unifying contributions from the economic, geographic and political science disciplines. The unified theory shows that successful programs will segment the urban-rural land market, remove speculative use value of rural land, and result in the urban land market valuing greenbelt proximity as an amenity. A general model to test urban containment programs against the unified theory is developed and then modified for application to Salem, Oregon. Results are fourfold. First, a gap in the locus of urban and rural land values at the UGB indicates that segmentation of the urban-rural land market is associated with urban containment policies. Second, the simultaneous effect of imposing a UGB proximate to urban development and subjecting rural land to conservancy zoning is to remove the speculative value component of rural land and reveal Sinclair's (1967) underlying convex quadratic agricultural use land value gradient. This finding is important in two respects: (a) it confirms the possibility of Sinclair's gradient, which has not been supported empirically hitherto, and (b) it suggests that a program's success in preserving greenbelt land solely for agricultural uses can be evidenced if Sinclair's gradient is revealed. Third, the conditions under which a program may fail to preserve rural land from speculative behavior will be evidenced by the traditional negatively sloping land value gradient. Fourth, where urban development is proximate to a UGB delineating greenbelts, the urban land market will value its proximity as an amenity. This finding is important in two respects: (a) it suggests that proximity to privately owned greenbelts may be valued as an amenity in the urban land market, a finding which has not been reported empirically hitherto, and (b) if an urban land market has confidence in the ability of an urban containment program to prevent sprawl into greenbelts, then it will treat greenbelt proximity as an amenity. The unified theory and methodology developed by this dissertation are generalizable to the evaluation of other urban containment programs. Close

• 91. [Article] Making Lives, Changing a Landscape: An Environmental History of the Tualatin Valley, Washington County, Oregon

  Sheltered by mountains on all sides, the 724-square mile Tualatin Valley has been home to successive groups of people who have shaped the landscape based on their needs, tools, and ideas about the human ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Making Lives, Changing a Landscape: An Environmental History of the Tualatin Valley, Washington County, Oregon Author: Cope, Camille A. Year: 2012 Sheltered by mountains on all sides, the 724-square mile Tualatin Valley has been home to successive groups of people who have shaped the landscape based on their needs, tools, and ideas about the human relationship to nature. Thousands of years of indigenous burning practices and cultivation of native plants, followed by two centuries of European-American fur trapping, agriculture, logging, and urbanization have created the Tualatin Valley landscape of today. Understanding how a history of changing land use has affected the region is integral to building an environmentally sustainable future. Title: Making Lives, Changing a Landscape: An Environmental History of the Tualatin Valley, Washington County, Oregon Author: Cope, Camille A. Year: 2012 Sheltered by mountains on all sides, the 724-square mile Tualatin Valley has been home to successive groups of people who have shaped the landscape based on their needs, tools, and ideas about the human relationship to nature. Thousands of years of indigenous burning practices and cultivation of native plants, followed by two centuries of European-American fur trapping, agriculture, logging, and urbanization have created the Tualatin Valley landscape of today. Understanding how a history of changing land use has affected the region is integral to building an environmentally sustainable future. Close

• 92. [Article] Tillamook County Waste Disposal Technology Assessment

  Tillamook County is a rural county straddling the Northern Oregon Coast Range with the majority of the local economy based around agriculture, timber, tourism, and fishing. As part of Tillamook County’s ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Tillamook County Waste Disposal Technology Assessment Author: Kumar, Arvind, Menze, Ryan, Smith, Joe, Thomas, Jerrod Year: 2014 Tillamook County is a rural county straddling the Northern Oregon Coast Range with the majority of the local economy based around agriculture, timber, tourism, and fishing. As part of Tillamook County’s mission statement, they strive“to enhance the quality of life for its citizens by promoting and preserving public health and safety, maintaining a stable economy, encouraging wise use of resources, and providing services in the most efficient and cost-effective manner possible.” To that end, Tillamook County, Tillamook County Economic Development Council (TCEDC), Portland State University, Oregon State University, and Tetra Tech have undergone an evaluation and technology assessment process to determine a sustainable, economically-viable, and socially-acceptable pilot installation capable of dealing with the large amount of biodegradable waste produced by the timber and dairy industries. This survey provides a technology assessment and recommendations regarding three potential technologies: thermophilic composting, gasification/pyrolysis, and direct incineration. Each of these technologies have strengths and weaknesses in dealing with the three waste streams (manure, bovine carcasses, and timber slash), and this analysis works as a decision-making guide for choosing the proper technology or array of technologies to dispose of Tillamook County’s biodegradable waste. Title: Tillamook County Waste Disposal Technology Assessment Author: Kumar, Arvind, Menze, Ryan, Smith, Joe, Thomas, Jerrod Year: 2014 Tillamook County is a rural county straddling the Northern Oregon Coast Range with the majority of the local economy based around agriculture, timber, tourism, and fishing. As part of Tillamook County’s mission statement, they strive“to enhance the quality of life for its citizens by promoting and preserving public health and safety, maintaining a stable economy, encouraging wise use of resources, and providing services in the most efficient and cost-effective manner possible.” To that end, Tillamook County, Tillamook County Economic Development Council (TCEDC), Portland State University, Oregon State University, and Tetra Tech have undergone an evaluation and technology assessment process to determine a sustainable, economically-viable, and socially-acceptable pilot installation capable of dealing with the large amount of biodegradable waste produced by the timber and dairy industries. This survey provides a technology assessment and recommendations regarding three potential technologies: thermophilic composting, gasification/pyrolysis, and direct incineration. Each of these technologies have strengths and weaknesses in dealing with the three waste streams (manure, bovine carcasses, and timber slash), and this analysis works as a decision-making guide for choosing the proper technology or array of technologies to dispose of Tillamook County’s biodegradable waste. Close

• 93. [Article] Implications of Local and Regional Food Systems: Toward a New Food Economy in Portland, Oregon

  The local food movement in the Portland Metro Region of Oregon is as prevalent as anywhere in the Country. To a large degree this is driven by the Portland Metro area food culture and the diverse agricultural ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Implications of Local and Regional Food Systems: Toward a New Food Economy in Portland, Oregon Author: Mertens, Michael Mercer Year: 2014 The local food movement in the Portland Metro Region of Oregon is as prevalent as anywhere in the Country. To a large degree this is driven by the Portland Metro area food culture and the diverse agricultural landscape present in the Willamette Valley and throughout the State. Portlanders demand local food and thus far the rural periphery has been able to provide it; driving a new food economy that has economic implications throughout the region. As this regional food economy emerges much attention has been focused on harnessing its power for economic development perpetuated by the belief that there exists an opportunity to foster a cluster of economic activity pertaining to the production, processing, distribution and sale of regional foods that might generate economic opportunities throughout the value chain. The research presented here constitutes an attempt to characterize the local and regional food system that currently exists in the Portland Metro Region and to bring to light the opportunities present at the regional scale that link the agricultural periphery to the urban core. I present two different definitions of local and regional food systems and show how these different conceptions have very different implications for economic development. Once defined, I test for differences between local and regional food systems and the export-oriented, agro-food sector by analyzing aspects of geographic space and processes of knowledge accumulation and innovation in the context of aspects of regional economic development such as agglomeration economies, knowledge spillovers, business life cycle and industrial location. My analysis showed that there are significant differences between local and regional food systems and the export-oriented agro-food industry specific to supply chains, actors and products of the different systems. Furthermore, through spatial analysis, I found that there are differences in terms of the spatial structure and distribution between producers who participate in the different systems. Local and regional producers tend to cluster closer together at smaller scales, are smaller in size and are found to be closer to the urban core. Through a qualitative inquiry I found that this clustering facilitates forces of agglomeration economies specific to food producers who participate in local and regional supply chains, particularly non-pecuniary effects of knowledge accumulation. This underlying structure has significant effects on economic outcomes and as such has implications in terms of regional economic development when local and regional food systems are considered in terms of the city-region. Title: Implications of Local and Regional Food Systems: Toward a New Food Economy in Portland, Oregon Author: Mertens, Michael Mercer Year: 2014 The local food movement in the Portland Metro Region of Oregon is as prevalent as anywhere in the Country. To a large degree this is driven by the Portland Metro area food culture and the diverse agricultural landscape present in the Willamette Valley and throughout the State. Portlanders demand local food and thus far the rural periphery has been able to provide it; driving a new food economy that has economic implications throughout the region. As this regional food economy emerges much attention has been focused on harnessing its power for economic development perpetuated by the belief that there exists an opportunity to foster a cluster of economic activity pertaining to the production, processing, distribution and sale of regional foods that might generate economic opportunities throughout the value chain. The research presented here constitutes an attempt to characterize the local and regional food system that currently exists in the Portland Metro Region and to bring to light the opportunities present at the regional scale that link the agricultural periphery to the urban core. I present two different definitions of local and regional food systems and show how these different conceptions have very different implications for economic development. Once defined, I test for differences between local and regional food systems and the export-oriented, agro-food sector by analyzing aspects of geographic space and processes of knowledge accumulation and innovation in the context of aspects of regional economic development such as agglomeration economies, knowledge spillovers, business life cycle and industrial location. My analysis showed that there are significant differences between local and regional food systems and the export-oriented agro-food industry specific to supply chains, actors and products of the different systems. Furthermore, through spatial analysis, I found that there are differences in terms of the spatial structure and distribution between producers who participate in the different systems. Local and regional producers tend to cluster closer together at smaller scales, are smaller in size and are found to be closer to the urban core. Through a qualitative inquiry I found that this clustering facilitates forces of agglomeration economies specific to food producers who participate in local and regional supply chains, particularly non-pecuniary effects of knowledge accumulation. This underlying structure has significant effects on economic outcomes and as such has implications in terms of regional economic development when local and regional food systems are considered in terms of the city-region. Close

• 94. [Article] Socio-Spatial Differentiation in the Sustainable City: A Mixed-Methods Assessment of Residential Gardens in Metropolitan Portland, Oregon, USA

  As cities take center stage in developing and brokering strategies for sustainability, examining the uneven distribution of green infrastructure is crucial. Urban agriculture (UA) has gained a prominent ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Socio-Spatial Differentiation in the Sustainable City: A Mixed-Methods Assessment of Residential Gardens in Metropolitan Portland, Oregon, USA Author: McClintock, Nathan, Mahmoudi, Dillon, Simpson, Michael, Santos, Jacinto Pereira Year: 2016 As cities take center stage in developing and brokering strategies for sustainability, examining the uneven distribution of green infrastructure is crucial. Urban agriculture (UA) has gained a prominent role in urban greening and food system diversification strategies alike. Despite that it is the preeminent form of food production in North American cities, residential gardening has received little scholarly attention. Moreover, research on the intra-urban variability of home gardens is sparse. In this paper, we use a mixed-methods approach to assess the scale and scope of residential gardens in Portland, Oregon, a metropolitan region renowned for its innovations in sustainability. Using a combination of mapping, spatial regression, and a mail survey, we compare residential UA and the characteristics and motivations of gardeners in two socioeconomically differentiated areas of Portland and one of its major suburbs. Results demonstrate that engagement in UA is differentiated along both spatial and socioeconomic lines, with more educated respondents engaging for environmental reasons and more lowincome respondents relying on their gardens for food security. We contextualize our findings within broader urban processes, e.g. reinvestment in the urban core and displacement of poverty to the periphery. For policymakers, our results suggest the need for sustainability messaging that is sensitive to a variety of motivations and that resonates with a diverse population. For a city to reach a broader population, it may need to reframe its sustainability goals in new ways, while attending to the structural constraints to food access that cannot be resolved through local food production alone. Title: Socio-Spatial Differentiation in the Sustainable City: A Mixed-Methods Assessment of Residential Gardens in Metropolitan Portland, Oregon, USA Author: McClintock, Nathan, Mahmoudi, Dillon, Simpson, Michael, Santos, Jacinto Pereira Year: 2016 As cities take center stage in developing and brokering strategies for sustainability, examining the uneven distribution of green infrastructure is crucial. Urban agriculture (UA) has gained a prominent role in urban greening and food system diversification strategies alike. Despite that it is the preeminent form of food production in North American cities, residential gardening has received little scholarly attention. Moreover, research on the intra-urban variability of home gardens is sparse. In this paper, we use a mixed-methods approach to assess the scale and scope of residential gardens in Portland, Oregon, a metropolitan region renowned for its innovations in sustainability. Using a combination of mapping, spatial regression, and a mail survey, we compare residential UA and the characteristics and motivations of gardeners in two socioeconomically differentiated areas of Portland and one of its major suburbs. Results demonstrate that engagement in UA is differentiated along both spatial and socioeconomic lines, with more educated respondents engaging for environmental reasons and more lowincome respondents relying on their gardens for food security. We contextualize our findings within broader urban processes, e.g. reinvestment in the urban core and displacement of poverty to the periphery. For policymakers, our results suggest the need for sustainability messaging that is sensitive to a variety of motivations and that resonates with a diverse population. For a city to reach a broader population, it may need to reframe its sustainability goals in new ways, while attending to the structural constraints to food access that cannot be resolved through local food production alone. Close

• 95. [Article] Understanding the Drivers of Forest, Residential, and Agricultural Land Values in Yamhill County Using Hedonic Models

  Hedonic modeling is commonly used in land and property value estimations in an attempt to identify the impact that various attributes have on the market value of that property. The purpose of this study ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Understanding the Drivers of Forest, Residential, and Agricultural Land Values in Yamhill County Using Hedonic Models Author: Dietrich, Emily D. Year: 2013 Hedonic modeling is commonly used in land and property value estimations in an attempt to identify the impact that various attributes have on the market value of that property. The purpose of this study is to examine the factors contributing to land value of agricultural, forest, and residential properties in Yamhill County, as part of the Spatial Ecosystem Services Analysis, Modeling, and Evaluation (SESAME, http://www.pdx.edu/ecosystem-services/) project. This paper discusses the process and preliminary results of the development of hedonic models that will be utilized for predicting land value changes under future land conversion scenarios. Applying the models to future scenarios will provide insight into the effect that land conversion will have on market value of land in Yamhill County, in order to elucidate one component of the total land value in the area. Numerous studies have performed hedonic modeling in order to provide greater understanding of the non-market ecosystem service values that are contributing to land values, and it is necessary to have baseline information on the value of environmental attributes in order to identify potential policy and planning activities that can preserve these values. Current methods for assessing the value of non-market ecosystem services are mostly in development stages, with few widely-accepted approaches. Utilizing hedonic modeling and other revealed preference techniques may provide valuable insight into the contribution of nonmarket goods and services, in order to ensure they are adequately accounted for in planning and management decisions. Title: Understanding the Drivers of Forest, Residential, and Agricultural Land Values in Yamhill County Using Hedonic Models Author: Dietrich, Emily D. Year: 2013 Hedonic modeling is commonly used in land and property value estimations in an attempt to identify the impact that various attributes have on the market value of that property. The purpose of this study is to examine the factors contributing to land value of agricultural, forest, and residential properties in Yamhill County, as part of the Spatial Ecosystem Services Analysis, Modeling, and Evaluation (SESAME, http://www.pdx.edu/ecosystem-services/) project. This paper discusses the process and preliminary results of the development of hedonic models that will be utilized for predicting land value changes under future land conversion scenarios. Applying the models to future scenarios will provide insight into the effect that land conversion will have on market value of land in Yamhill County, in order to elucidate one component of the total land value in the area. Numerous studies have performed hedonic modeling in order to provide greater understanding of the non-market ecosystem service values that are contributing to land values, and it is necessary to have baseline information on the value of environmental attributes in order to identify potential policy and planning activities that can preserve these values. Current methods for assessing the value of non-market ecosystem services are mostly in development stages, with few widely-accepted approaches. Utilizing hedonic modeling and other revealed preference techniques may provide valuable insight into the contribution of nonmarket goods and services, in order to ensure they are adequately accounted for in planning and management decisions. Close

• 96. [Article] Periodic Atlas of the Metroscape: Common Ground? Land Use along Portland's Urban Growth Boundary

  In this study we analyze the impact of the urban growth boundary on rural landscape change in Portland, Oregon, and Clark County, Washington,and assess the importance of rural and agricultural landscapes ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Periodic Atlas of the Metroscape: Common Ground? Land Use along Portland's Urban Growth Boundary Author: Harvey, Thomas, Works, Martha A. Year: 2003 In this study we analyze the impact of the urban growth boundary on rural landscape change in Portland, Oregon, and Clark County, Washington,and assess the importance of rural and agricultural landscapes to residents of the rural-urban fringe. We selected five, 4-square mile areas in the greater Portland metropolitan area for the study. Four are in Oregon and cover the transition area from urban to rural land uses under different levels of pressure along the state-mandated and Metrodel ineated urban growth boundary. One is in the less regulated land use environment of Clark County, Washington. The kinds of questions we addressed include: How does the value of rural landscape as urban amenity vary between urban and rural areas? Between areas already experiencing significant land use change and those beginning to feel the pressure of development? Between a highly regulated land use environment such as that found on the Oregon side of the Greater Portland Metropolitan area and the more mixed use landscape of Clark County, Washington? Title: Periodic Atlas of the Metroscape: Common Ground? Land Use along Portland's Urban Growth Boundary Author: Harvey, Thomas, Works, Martha A. Year: 2003 In this study we analyze the impact of the urban growth boundary on rural landscape change in Portland, Oregon, and Clark County, Washington,and assess the importance of rural and agricultural landscapes to residents of the rural-urban fringe. We selected five, 4-square mile areas in the greater Portland metropolitan area for the study. Four are in Oregon and cover the transition area from urban to rural land uses under different levels of pressure along the state-mandated and Metrodel ineated urban growth boundary. One is in the less regulated land use environment of Clark County, Washington. The kinds of questions we addressed include: How does the value of rural landscape as urban amenity vary between urban and rural areas? Between areas already experiencing significant land use change and those beginning to feel the pressure of development? Between a highly regulated land use environment such as that found on the Oregon side of the Greater Portland Metropolitan area and the more mixed use landscape of Clark County, Washington? Close

• 97. [Article] Climate Change, Its Effect on Migration Patterns of the Cackling Goose and White-Fronted Goose in the Willamette Valley, and Implications for Goose Management

  This thesis considers the question of whether climate change is affecting the migration patterns of geese in the Pacific Flyway, specifically cackling geese (Branta hutchinsii minima) and Pacific white-fronted ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Climate Change, Its Effect on Migration Patterns of the Cackling Goose and White-Fronted Goose in the Willamette Valley, and Implications for Goose Management Author: Warren, Kelly Year: 2010 This thesis considers the question of whether climate change is affecting the migration patterns of geese in the Pacific Flyway, specifically cackling geese (Branta hutchinsii minima) and Pacific white-fronted geese (Anser albifrons frontalis). Ancillary questions that are considered are as follows: • If global warming is affecting these species, what is the nature of the effects? • How are the changes affecting the human environment and what can be done about these effects? In 1994, the majority of the cackler population in the Pacific Flyway began to winter in Oregon’s Willamette Valley rather than in their historical wintering areas in California’s Central Valley. In recent years, the Pacific white-fronted goose has shown a change in behavior similar to that of cacklers just before their major shift. The reasons for this shift have not been clear, though climate change, agricultural shifts, or competition with other species were thought to be possible causes. Analyses of historical breeding and wintering surveys, bird band data, harvest data, agricultural data, and climate and weather data were undertaken in the course of this thesis to see if the cause or causes could be identified. The results showed that climate and weather data, i.e. an increase in average annual temperature coupled with occasional severe winters, most closely correlated with the cacklers’ shift northward. The data comparison revealed that there is a direct relationship between cacklers and a warming shift seen on the wintering grounds. There also was a secondary correlation between the northward shift and recent changes in agricultural crops in the Willamette Valley. Substantially less data are available for white-fronts, and the relationship between their recent migration changes and climate and/or other factors is much less clear. The following recommendations for management and further study are aimed at more completely understanding the scope and causes of migration shifts and formulating well-founded management plans for geese in the Pacific Flyway: • Continue research to determine if climate change is causing changes in goose population numbers and behavior. • Expand breeding ground flight surveys to include cacklers and habitat preference to learn how habitat change on the Y-K Delta is altering cackler behavior and breeding success. • Expand radio transmitter studies and collar programs for cacklers in Oregon and Washington to verify northerly wintering shifts. • Expand collar programs for cacklers wintering in the Willamette Valley to determine if the population is continuing to shift northward. • Expand banding programs for white-fronted geese to gather more data about migration patterns. • Develop models that will allow researchers and managers to correlate migration behavior with various environmental factors including climate change in order to: 1) determine which factors are causing migration changes in specific waterfowl populations and 2) allow managers to make changes to management plans in advance of rapid changes. • Inform the public about how it can assist in collar surveys or volunteer for the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS). This will enable USFWS to have more concrete data and give the public an opportunity gain a greater understanding of geese and goose management. • Expand research on urban cackling geese to determine the nature and scope of their effect on the human environment and to devise management strategies. • Research energetics in migrating geese to determine whether the shift in migration patterns has its basis in climate change. • Increase data exchange and coordination among agencies. • Formulate and implement plans at the city and county levels to manage growing numbers of geese in urban areas. • Recognize and anticipate the possibility that goose populations may move into new wintering areas and formulate plans for management of those species. • Implement low cost techniques, such as more liberal bag limits and seasons, hazing, etc., to assist agricultural landowners in decreasing goose-related crop damage. Title: Climate Change, Its Effect on Migration Patterns of the Cackling Goose and White-Fronted Goose in the Willamette Valley, and Implications for Goose Management Author: Warren, Kelly Year: 2010 This thesis considers the question of whether climate change is affecting the migration patterns of geese in the Pacific Flyway, specifically cackling geese (Branta hutchinsii minima) and Pacific white-fronted geese (Anser albifrons frontalis). Ancillary questions that are considered are as follows: • If global warming is affecting these species, what is the nature of the effects? • How are the changes affecting the human environment and what can be done about these effects? In 1994, the majority of the cackler population in the Pacific Flyway began to winter in Oregon’s Willamette Valley rather than in their historical wintering areas in California’s Central Valley. In recent years, the Pacific white-fronted goose has shown a change in behavior similar to that of cacklers just before their major shift. The reasons for this shift have not been clear, though climate change, agricultural shifts, or competition with other species were thought to be possible causes. Analyses of historical breeding and wintering surveys, bird band data, harvest data, agricultural data, and climate and weather data were undertaken in the course of this thesis to see if the cause or causes could be identified. The results showed that climate and weather data, i.e. an increase in average annual temperature coupled with occasional severe winters, most closely correlated with the cacklers’ shift northward. The data comparison revealed that there is a direct relationship between cacklers and a warming shift seen on the wintering grounds. There also was a secondary correlation between the northward shift and recent changes in agricultural crops in the Willamette Valley. Substantially less data are available for white-fronts, and the relationship between their recent migration changes and climate and/or other factors is much less clear. The following recommendations for management and further study are aimed at more completely understanding the scope and causes of migration shifts and formulating well-founded management plans for geese in the Pacific Flyway: • Continue research to determine if climate change is causing changes in goose population numbers and behavior. • Expand breeding ground flight surveys to include cacklers and habitat preference to learn how habitat change on the Y-K Delta is altering cackler behavior and breeding success. • Expand radio transmitter studies and collar programs for cacklers in Oregon and Washington to verify northerly wintering shifts. • Expand collar programs for cacklers wintering in the Willamette Valley to determine if the population is continuing to shift northward. • Expand banding programs for white-fronted geese to gather more data about migration patterns. • Develop models that will allow researchers and managers to correlate migration behavior with various environmental factors including climate change in order to: 1) determine which factors are causing migration changes in specific waterfowl populations and 2) allow managers to make changes to management plans in advance of rapid changes. • Inform the public about how it can assist in collar surveys or volunteer for the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS). This will enable USFWS to have more concrete data and give the public an opportunity gain a greater understanding of geese and goose management. • Expand research on urban cackling geese to determine the nature and scope of their effect on the human environment and to devise management strategies. • Research energetics in migrating geese to determine whether the shift in migration patterns has its basis in climate change. • Increase data exchange and coordination among agencies. • Formulate and implement plans at the city and county levels to manage growing numbers of geese in urban areas. • Recognize and anticipate the possibility that goose populations may move into new wintering areas and formulate plans for management of those species. • Implement low cost techniques, such as more liberal bag limits and seasons, hazing, etc., to assist agricultural landowners in decreasing goose-related crop damage. Close

• 98. [Article] Seeking Solutions to Long-Term Public Engagement in Rapidly Diversifying Communities: A Case Study in Washington County, Oregon

  This paper explores the challenges in engaging a rapidly diversifying public in county government decision-making. The State of Oregon recognized the importance of meaningful public engagement by naming ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Seeking Solutions to Long-Term Public Engagement in Rapidly Diversifying Communities: A Case Study in Washington County, Oregon Author: Merrick, Meg, Tremoulet, Andrée Year: 2016 This paper explores the challenges in engaging a rapidly diversifying public in county government decision-making. The State of Oregon recognized the importance of meaningful public engagement by naming it as the first goal of its landmark statewide land use planning system adopted in 1973. Washington County, which is part of Portland’s tri-county metropolitan region, is geographically large, historically white but, in recent years, rapidly diversifying. It is also largely suburban and includes the region’s largest unincorporated communities. In addition, Washington County includes significant agricultural activities and small rural communities. Title: Seeking Solutions to Long-Term Public Engagement in Rapidly Diversifying Communities: A Case Study in Washington County, Oregon Author: Merrick, Meg, Tremoulet, Andrée Year: 2016 This paper explores the challenges in engaging a rapidly diversifying public in county government decision-making. The State of Oregon recognized the importance of meaningful public engagement by naming it as the first goal of its landmark statewide land use planning system adopted in 1973. Washington County, which is part of Portland’s tri-county metropolitan region, is geographically large, historically white but, in recent years, rapidly diversifying. It is also largely suburban and includes the region’s largest unincorporated communities. In addition, Washington County includes significant agricultural activities and small rural communities. Close

• 99. [Article] What is Driving Measure 37 Claims in Oregon?

  With over 7,500 claims covering 750,000 acres of farm and forestland, Measure 37 claims harbor the potential to change the landscape in Oregon. The majority of these claims are located in the Willamette ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: What is Driving Measure 37 Claims in Oregon? Author: Martin, Sheila A., Merrick, Meg, Rundell, Erik, Shriver, Katie Year: 2007 With over 7,500 claims covering 750,000 acres of farm and forestland, Measure 37 claims harbor the potential to change the landscape in Oregon. The majority of these claims are located in the Willamette Valley, where growth pressures and the value gradient between land for farms and land for residential development is great. This paper explores those relationships by describing and mapping the claims in terms of location, size, and current and proposed use, and then analyzes factors that appear to be driving the claims. At a county level, variables such as population growth, farm income, farm tenure and average age of farmer are considered as explanations of claim density. Using maps, we also examine the impact of distance from urban growth boundary and proximity to public lands. We conclude with comments about the unforeseen consequences of the “time zone” zoning on agriculture and public services, and consider the fairness of the Measure 37 regime. Title: What is Driving Measure 37 Claims in Oregon? Author: Martin, Sheila A., Merrick, Meg, Rundell, Erik, Shriver, Katie Year: 2007 With over 7,500 claims covering 750,000 acres of farm and forestland, Measure 37 claims harbor the potential to change the landscape in Oregon. The majority of these claims are located in the Willamette Valley, where growth pressures and the value gradient between land for farms and land for residential development is great. This paper explores those relationships by describing and mapping the claims in terms of location, size, and current and proposed use, and then analyzes factors that appear to be driving the claims. At a county level, variables such as population growth, farm income, farm tenure and average age of farmer are considered as explanations of claim density. Using maps, we also examine the impact of distance from urban growth boundary and proximity to public lands. We conclude with comments about the unforeseen consequences of the “time zone” zoning on agriculture and public services, and consider the fairness of the Measure 37 regime. Close

• 100. [Article] Changing Climate, Changing Behavior: An Interview with Angus Duncan

  In a 2010 report, the Oregon Legislature-created Oregon Global Warming Commission (OGWC) stated "with confidence" that human activities were primarily responsible for a 1.5 degree Fahrenheit increase in ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Changing Climate, Changing Behavior: An Interview with Angus Duncan Author: Burnham, Michael Year: 2012 In a 2010 report, the Oregon Legislature-created Oregon Global Warming Commission (OGWC) stated "with confidence" that human activities were primarily responsible for a 1.5 degree Fahrenheit increase in 20th century temperatures in the Pacific Northwest. Transportation and electricity were responsible for about 70 percent of Oregon's greenhouse gas emissions during the 2003-2007 period of study, while agriculture, waste, combustion, leakage, and other sources were responsible for the balance of emissions. Metroscape's Michael Burnham sat down with OGWC Chairman Angus Duncan recently to discuss the commission's work and how a warming world might affect the metropolitan Portland area economically, socially, and environmentally. Title: Changing Climate, Changing Behavior: An Interview with Angus Duncan Author: Burnham, Michael Year: 2012 In a 2010 report, the Oregon Legislature-created Oregon Global Warming Commission (OGWC) stated "with confidence" that human activities were primarily responsible for a 1.5 degree Fahrenheit increase in 20th century temperatures in the Pacific Northwest. Transportation and electricity were responsible for about 70 percent of Oregon's greenhouse gas emissions during the 2003-2007 period of study, while agriculture, waste, combustion, leakage, and other sources were responsible for the balance of emissions. Metroscape's Michael Burnham sat down with OGWC Chairman Angus Duncan recently to discuss the commission's work and how a warming world might affect the metropolitan Portland area economically, socially, and environmentally. Close