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• 1. [Article] Assessing Soil Lead Contamination at Multiple Scales in Oakland, California: Implications for Urban Agriculture and Environmental Justice

  As urban agriculture grows in popularity throughout North America, vacant lots, underutilized parks, and other open spaces are becoming prime targets for food production. In many post-industrial landscapes ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Assessing Soil Lead Contamination at Multiple Scales in Oakland, California: Implications for Urban Agriculture and Environmental Justice Author: McClintock, Nathan Year: 2012 As urban agriculture grows in popularity throughout North America, vacant lots, underutilized parks, and other open spaces are becoming prime targets for food production. In many post-industrial landscapes and in neighborhoods with a high density of old housing stock, the risk of lead (Pb) contamination at such sites is raising concerns. This paper evaluates the extent to which soil Pb contamination may be an obstacle to the expansion of urban agriculture in Oakland, California. Using a combination of soil sampling at 112 sites, GIS, “hot spot” analysis, and reconstructed land use histories, the research reveals that soil Pb concentrations are generally lower than federal screening levels of 400 ppm, but significantly higher in West Oakland, the city's oldest area and home to a predominantly low-income and African American population. Lead levels are significantly lower in the affluent, predominantly white Oakland hills. Spatial analysis at city- and neighborhood-scales reveals clusters of Pb contamination related to land use history. Site-scale analyses at 12 sites reveals a high level of variability (in some cases related to land use history) that must be taken into consideration when planning for urban agriculture. Title: Assessing Soil Lead Contamination at Multiple Scales in Oakland, California: Implications for Urban Agriculture and Environmental Justice Author: McClintock, Nathan Year: 2012 As urban agriculture grows in popularity throughout North America, vacant lots, underutilized parks, and other open spaces are becoming prime targets for food production. In many post-industrial landscapes and in neighborhoods with a high density of old housing stock, the risk of lead (Pb) contamination at such sites is raising concerns. This paper evaluates the extent to which soil Pb contamination may be an obstacle to the expansion of urban agriculture in Oakland, California. Using a combination of soil sampling at 112 sites, GIS, “hot spot” analysis, and reconstructed land use histories, the research reveals that soil Pb concentrations are generally lower than federal screening levels of 400 ppm, but significantly higher in West Oakland, the city's oldest area and home to a predominantly low-income and African American population. Lead levels are significantly lower in the affluent, predominantly white Oakland hills. Spatial analysis at city- and neighborhood-scales reveals clusters of Pb contamination related to land use history. Site-scale analyses at 12 sites reveals a high level of variability (in some cases related to land use history) that must be taken into consideration when planning for urban agriculture. Close

• 2. [Article] Orient Rural Center Plan: Community Wide Solutions

  This document represents a chapter of the West of the Sandy River Rural Plan. The focus of this chapter addresses a smaller section within the study area which is zoned Rural Center (RC). In October, 1998 ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Orient Rural Center Plan: Community Wide Solutions Author: Boylan, Patrick J., Brooks, David R., Kienholz, Donald D., Turner, M. Joseph Year: 1999 This document represents a chapter of the West of the Sandy River Rural Plan. The focus of this chapter addresses a smaller section within the study area which is zoned Rural Center (RC). In October, 1998 Community-Wide Solutions (CWS), a consulting team working with County staff, contracted to research, study, and draft a plan for the Orient Rural Center. The Orient Rural Center is an "unicorporated community" for which state law requires the County to plan (OAR 660-22). This chapter of the West of the Sandy River Rural Area Plan examines the land uses, history and possible futures for the Orient area. CWS contacted and spoke with interested citizens, held an open house in January and convened a second public meeting in February to present potential solutions to the issues raised at January's Open House. Title: Orient Rural Center Plan: Community Wide Solutions Author: Boylan, Patrick J., Brooks, David R., Kienholz, Donald D., Turner, M. Joseph Year: 1999 This document represents a chapter of the West of the Sandy River Rural Plan. The focus of this chapter addresses a smaller section within the study area which is zoned Rural Center (RC). In October, 1998 Community-Wide Solutions (CWS), a consulting team working with County staff, contracted to research, study, and draft a plan for the Orient Rural Center. The Orient Rural Center is an "unicorporated community" for which state law requires the County to plan (OAR 660-22). This chapter of the West of the Sandy River Rural Area Plan examines the land uses, history and possible futures for the Orient area. CWS contacted and spoke with interested citizens, held an open house in January and convened a second public meeting in February to present potential solutions to the issues raised at January's Open House. Close

• 3. [Article] Historical Vegetation of Three Salmon-Bearing Watersheds in the Interior Columbia River Basin

  Land use practices can be a contributing factor to environmental degradation and have been the focus of many ecological studies. One aspect that is less addressed is land use history and the effects that ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Historical Vegetation of Three Salmon-Bearing Watersheds in the Interior Columbia River Basin Author: Smith, Tyanna Year: 2014 Land use practices can be a contributing factor to environmental degradation and have been the focus of many ecological studies. One aspect that is less addressed is land use history and the effects that past practices, such as logging and grazing, can have on the current landscape. This paper describes research and the synthesis of material on the environmental history and watershed characteristics for three watersheds located within spawning and rearing areas for Chinook salmon in the Grande Ronde River Basin in Northeast Oregon: upper Grande Ronde River, Catherine Creek, and Minam River. The Grande Ronde Basin is critical spawning and rearing habitat for salmonids listed under the Endangered Species Act. The primary historical data sources for reconstructing 19th century stream and riparian conditions are the General Land Office township survey notes from 1863 - 1901. Data about the habitat conditions of the landscape were extracted from notes of each township survey source regarding vegetation, stream crossings, and other features found on the landscape in tabular and spatial forms. Data were organized to describe common stream and riparian conditions for the historical time period using a geographic information system. Watershed basin, Chinook salmon life history, ecoregion and surveyor were analyzed using multivariate techniques to determine which parameters were strongly connected to historical vegetation. Ecoregion had the strongest correlation with plant communities. For future research, these historical data could be compared to current habitat survey data, such as the Oregon Department of Fish & Wildlife’s Aquatic Habitat Inventories, to evaluate the degree of change over time of stream and riparian conditions. Title: Historical Vegetation of Three Salmon-Bearing Watersheds in the Interior Columbia River Basin Author: Smith, Tyanna Year: 2014 Land use practices can be a contributing factor to environmental degradation and have been the focus of many ecological studies. One aspect that is less addressed is land use history and the effects that past practices, such as logging and grazing, can have on the current landscape. This paper describes research and the synthesis of material on the environmental history and watershed characteristics for three watersheds located within spawning and rearing areas for Chinook salmon in the Grande Ronde River Basin in Northeast Oregon: upper Grande Ronde River, Catherine Creek, and Minam River. The Grande Ronde Basin is critical spawning and rearing habitat for salmonids listed under the Endangered Species Act. The primary historical data sources for reconstructing 19th century stream and riparian conditions are the General Land Office township survey notes from 1863 - 1901. Data about the habitat conditions of the landscape were extracted from notes of each township survey source regarding vegetation, stream crossings, and other features found on the landscape in tabular and spatial forms. Data were organized to describe common stream and riparian conditions for the historical time period using a geographic information system. Watershed basin, Chinook salmon life history, ecoregion and surveyor were analyzed using multivariate techniques to determine which parameters were strongly connected to historical vegetation. Ecoregion had the strongest correlation with plant communities. For future research, these historical data could be compared to current habitat survey data, such as the Oregon Department of Fish & Wildlife’s Aquatic Habitat Inventories, to evaluate the degree of change over time of stream and riparian conditions. Close

• 4. [Article] Tree Growth and Spatial Pattern in Two Forest Park Permanent Plots: A Look at Stand Composition and Condition

  In June of 2010, two permanent research plots were established in Forest Park, based on their differing proximities to downtown Portland, Oregon. As part of a long-term ecological research project that ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Tree Growth and Spatial Pattern in Two Forest Park Permanent Plots: A Look at Stand Composition and Condition Author: McDonald, Hannah Beth Year: 2011 In June of 2010, two permanent research plots were established in Forest Park, based on their differing proximities to downtown Portland, Oregon. As part of a long-term ecological research project that seeks to explore the ecological status and human thumbprint on this 5,100 acre forested reserve, the 2010 tree data was investigated for emergent compositional and spatial patterns. Stand composition, tree size, growth rates, and spatial patterns were analyzed, along with ecological and land use histories. Results indicate that the Balch plot, more closely located to the urban center, has different stand composition, condition, and vegetation growth rates, compared to the more rural Miller site. This study supports findings from a study done by Broshot in 2009, where more urban plots demonstrate a different stand composition and recruitment pattern than rural sites. The study is an initial step for exploring questions regarding the ecological status of Forest Park and how land use and disturbance, past and present, shape Portland's forested reserve. Title: Tree Growth and Spatial Pattern in Two Forest Park Permanent Plots: A Look at Stand Composition and Condition Author: McDonald, Hannah Beth Year: 2011 In June of 2010, two permanent research plots were established in Forest Park, based on their differing proximities to downtown Portland, Oregon. As part of a long-term ecological research project that seeks to explore the ecological status and human thumbprint on this 5,100 acre forested reserve, the 2010 tree data was investigated for emergent compositional and spatial patterns. Stand composition, tree size, growth rates, and spatial patterns were analyzed, along with ecological and land use histories. Results indicate that the Balch plot, more closely located to the urban center, has different stand composition, condition, and vegetation growth rates, compared to the more rural Miller site. This study supports findings from a study done by Broshot in 2009, where more urban plots demonstrate a different stand composition and recruitment pattern than rural sites. The study is an initial step for exploring questions regarding the ecological status of Forest Park and how land use and disturbance, past and present, shape Portland's forested reserve. Close

• 5. [Article] Long-Term Integrated Studies Show Complex and Surprising Effects of Climate Change in the Northern Hardwood Forest

  Evaluations of the local effects of global change are often confounded by the interactions of natural and anthropogenic factors that overshadow the effects of climate changes on ecosystems. Long-term watershed ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Long-Term Integrated Studies Show Complex and Surprising Effects of Climate Change in the Northern Hardwood Forest Author: Groffman, Peter M., Rustad, Lindsay E., Templer, Pamela H., Campbell, John L., Christenson, Lynn M., Lany, Nina K., Socci, Anne M., Vadeboncoeur, Matthew A., Schaberg, Paul G., Wilson, Geoffrey W., Driscoll, Charles T., Fahey, Timothy J., Fisk, Melany C., Goodale, Christine L., Green, Mark B., Hamburg, Steven P., Johnson, Chris E., Mitchell, Mryon J., Morse, Jennifer L., Pardo, Linda H., Rodenhouse, Nicholas L. Year: 2012 Evaluations of the local effects of global change are often confounded by the interactions of natural and anthropogenic factors that overshadow the effects of climate changes on ecosystems. Long-term watershed and natural elevation gradient studies at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest and in the surrounding region show surprising results demonstrating the effects of climate change on hydrologic variables (e.g., evapotranspiration, streamflow, soil moisture); the importance of changes in phenology on water, carbon, and nitrogen fluxes during critical seasonal transition periods; winter climate change effects on plant and animal community composition and ecosystem services; and the effects of anthropogenic disturbances and land-use history on plant community composition. These studies highlight the value of long-term integrated research for assessments of the subtle effects of changing climate on complex ecosystems Title: Long-Term Integrated Studies Show Complex and Surprising Effects of Climate Change in the Northern Hardwood Forest Author: Groffman, Peter M., Rustad, Lindsay E., Templer, Pamela H., Campbell, John L., Christenson, Lynn M., Lany, Nina K., Socci, Anne M., Vadeboncoeur, Matthew A., Schaberg, Paul G., Wilson, Geoffrey W., Driscoll, Charles T., Fahey, Timothy J., Fisk, Melany C., Goodale, Christine L., Green, Mark B., Hamburg, Steven P., Johnson, Chris E., Mitchell, Mryon J., Morse, Jennifer L., Pardo, Linda H., Rodenhouse, Nicholas L. Year: 2012 Evaluations of the local effects of global change are often confounded by the interactions of natural and anthropogenic factors that overshadow the effects of climate changes on ecosystems. Long-term watershed and natural elevation gradient studies at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest and in the surrounding region show surprising results demonstrating the effects of climate change on hydrologic variables (e.g., evapotranspiration, streamflow, soil moisture); the importance of changes in phenology on water, carbon, and nitrogen fluxes during critical seasonal transition periods; winter climate change effects on plant and animal community composition and ecosystem services; and the effects of anthropogenic disturbances and land-use history on plant community composition. These studies highlight the value of long-term integrated research for assessments of the subtle effects of changing climate on complex ecosystems Close

• 6. [Article] Divergent Carbon Dynamics under Climate Change in Forests with Diverse Soils, Tree Species, and Land Use Histories

  Accounting for both climate change and natural disturbances—which typically result in greenhouse gas emissions—is necessary to begin managing forest carbon sequestration. Gaining a complete understanding ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Divergent Carbon Dynamics under Climate Change in Forests with Diverse Soils, Tree Species, and Land Use Histories Author: Scheller, Robert M., Kretchun, Alec M., Van Tuyl, Steve, Clark, Kenneth L., Lucash, Melissa S., Hom, John Year: 2012 Accounting for both climate change and natural disturbances—which typically result in greenhouse gas emissions—is necessary to begin managing forest carbon sequestration. Gaining a complete understanding of forest carbon dynamics is, however, challenging in systems characterized by historic over-utilization, diverse soils and tree species, and frequent disturbance. In order to elucidate the cascading effects of potential climate change on such systems, we projected forest carbon dynamics, including soil carbon changes, and shifts in tree species composition as a consequence of wildfires and climate change in the New Jersey pine barrens (NJPB) over the next 100 years. To do so, we used the LANDIS-II succession and disturbance model combined with the CENTURY soil model. The model was calibrated and validated using data from three eddy flux towers and the available empirical or literature data. Our results suggest that climate change will not appreciably increase fire sizes and intensity. The recovery of C stocks following substantial disturbances at the turn of the 20th century will play a limited but important role in this system. In areas characterized by high soil water holding capacity, reduced soil moisture may lead to lower total C and these forests may switch from being carbon sinks to becoming carbon neutral towards the latter part of the 21st century. In contrast, other areas characterized by lower soil water holding capacity and drought tolerant species are projected to experience relatively little change over the next 100 years. Across all soil types, however, the regeneration of many key tree species may decline leading to longer-term (beyond 2100) risks to forest C. These divergent responses were largely a function of the dominant tree species, and their respective temperature and soil moisture tolerances, and soil water holding capacity. In summary, the system is initially C conservative but by the end of the 21st century, there is increasing risk of de-stabilization due to declining growth and regeneration. Title: Divergent Carbon Dynamics under Climate Change in Forests with Diverse Soils, Tree Species, and Land Use Histories Author: Scheller, Robert M., Kretchun, Alec M., Van Tuyl, Steve, Clark, Kenneth L., Lucash, Melissa S., Hom, John Year: 2012 Accounting for both climate change and natural disturbances—which typically result in greenhouse gas emissions—is necessary to begin managing forest carbon sequestration. Gaining a complete understanding of forest carbon dynamics is, however, challenging in systems characterized by historic over-utilization, diverse soils and tree species, and frequent disturbance. In order to elucidate the cascading effects of potential climate change on such systems, we projected forest carbon dynamics, including soil carbon changes, and shifts in tree species composition as a consequence of wildfires and climate change in the New Jersey pine barrens (NJPB) over the next 100 years. To do so, we used the LANDIS-II succession and disturbance model combined with the CENTURY soil model. The model was calibrated and validated using data from three eddy flux towers and the available empirical or literature data. Our results suggest that climate change will not appreciably increase fire sizes and intensity. The recovery of C stocks following substantial disturbances at the turn of the 20th century will play a limited but important role in this system. In areas characterized by high soil water holding capacity, reduced soil moisture may lead to lower total C and these forests may switch from being carbon sinks to becoming carbon neutral towards the latter part of the 21st century. In contrast, other areas characterized by lower soil water holding capacity and drought tolerant species are projected to experience relatively little change over the next 100 years. Across all soil types, however, the regeneration of many key tree species may decline leading to longer-term (beyond 2100) risks to forest C. These divergent responses were largely a function of the dominant tree species, and their respective temperature and soil moisture tolerances, and soil water holding capacity. In summary, the system is initially C conservative but by the end of the 21st century, there is increasing risk of de-stabilization due to declining growth and regeneration. Close

• 7. [Article] How Well has Land-Use Planning Worked Under Different Governance Regimes? A Case Study in the Portland, OR-Vancouver, WA Metropolitan Area, USA

  We examine land use planning outcomes over a 30-year period in the Portland, OR-Vancouver, WA (USA) metropolitan area. The four-county study region enables comparisons between three Oregon counties subject ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: How Well has Land-Use Planning Worked Under Different Governance Regimes? A Case Study in the Portland, OR-Vancouver, WA Metropolitan Area, USA Author: Kline, Jeffrey D., Thiers, Paul R., Ozawa, Connie P., Yeakley, J. Alan, Gordon, Sean N. Year: 2014 We examine land use planning outcomes over a 30-year period in the Portland, OR-Vancouver, WA (USA) metropolitan area. The four-county study region enables comparisons between three Oregon counties subject to Oregon’s 1973 Land Use Act (Senate Bill 100) and Clark County, WA which implemented land use planning under Washington’s 1990 Growth Management Act. We describe county-level historical land uses from the mid-1970s to the mid-2000s, including low-density residential and urban development, both outside and inside of current urban growth boundaries. We use difference-in-differences models to test whether differences in the proportions of developed land resulting from implementation of urban growth boundaries are statistically significant and whether they vary between Oregon and Washington. Our results suggest that land use planning and urban growth boundaries now mandated both in Oregon and Washington portions of the study area have had a measurable and statistically significant effect in containing development and conserving forest and agricultural lands in the Portland-Vancouver metropolitan area. Our results also suggest, however, that these effects differ across the four study-area counties, likely owing in part to differences in counties’ initial levels of development, distinctly different land use planning histories, and how restrictive their urban growth boundaries were drawn. Title: How Well has Land-Use Planning Worked Under Different Governance Regimes? A Case Study in the Portland, OR-Vancouver, WA Metropolitan Area, USA Author: Kline, Jeffrey D., Thiers, Paul R., Ozawa, Connie P., Yeakley, J. Alan, Gordon, Sean N. Year: 2014 We examine land use planning outcomes over a 30-year period in the Portland, OR-Vancouver, WA (USA) metropolitan area. The four-county study region enables comparisons between three Oregon counties subject to Oregon’s 1973 Land Use Act (Senate Bill 100) and Clark County, WA which implemented land use planning under Washington’s 1990 Growth Management Act. We describe county-level historical land uses from the mid-1970s to the mid-2000s, including low-density residential and urban development, both outside and inside of current urban growth boundaries. We use difference-in-differences models to test whether differences in the proportions of developed land resulting from implementation of urban growth boundaries are statistically significant and whether they vary between Oregon and Washington. Our results suggest that land use planning and urban growth boundaries now mandated both in Oregon and Washington portions of the study area have had a measurable and statistically significant effect in containing development and conserving forest and agricultural lands in the Portland-Vancouver metropolitan area. Our results also suggest, however, that these effects differ across the four study-area counties, likely owing in part to differences in counties’ initial levels of development, distinctly different land use planning histories, and how restrictive their urban growth boundaries were drawn. Close

• 8. [Article] Floodplains: Balancing Nature and Human Needs

  For countless years, the interaction between climatic conditions and water flow has forged the rolling hills and rivers in the metroscape. The floods that forced a deluge of water down the Columbia River ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Floodplains: Balancing Nature and Human Needs Author: Shandas, Vivek, Merrick, Meg Year: 2008 For countless years, the interaction between climatic conditions and water flow has forged the rolling hills and rivers in the metroscape. The floods that forced a deluge of water down the Columbia River between 13 and 17 thousand years ago established the fertile and absorptive landscape of the Willamette Valley. The lush vegetation controlled the regional climate and stabilized the soils, while the thirsty wetlands reduced flood potential, provided habitat, and purified the water. Over geological time, these natural processes have created ideal conditions for humans. The Pacific Northwest was home to some of the most densely populated communities of Native Americans, due partly to mild climate, plentiful water, and abundant sources of food and shelter. In the 19th century, Anglo settlers flooded the region for the same amenities, which continues to create ideal conditions for all that the region is known for today, including hiking, kayaking, and sailing - not to mention the provision of climate, topography, and fertile soils for growing some of the world?s best wines! Land surveys from the 1860s suggest that the current form of the metroscape started to take shape at the end of the 19th century. The conifers, alders, and maples that covered the region were slowly removed to make way for new urban settlements, and wetlands were drained to create farms and agricultural areas. In this atlas, we journey 140 years into the past to examine how and where the metroscape has changed. Our aim is to illustrate historic flooding of the region, and ponder what changes might mean to its future. Title: Floodplains: Balancing Nature and Human Needs Author: Shandas, Vivek, Merrick, Meg Year: 2008 For countless years, the interaction between climatic conditions and water flow has forged the rolling hills and rivers in the metroscape. The floods that forced a deluge of water down the Columbia River between 13 and 17 thousand years ago established the fertile and absorptive landscape of the Willamette Valley. The lush vegetation controlled the regional climate and stabilized the soils, while the thirsty wetlands reduced flood potential, provided habitat, and purified the water. Over geological time, these natural processes have created ideal conditions for humans. The Pacific Northwest was home to some of the most densely populated communities of Native Americans, due partly to mild climate, plentiful water, and abundant sources of food and shelter. In the 19th century, Anglo settlers flooded the region for the same amenities, which continues to create ideal conditions for all that the region is known for today, including hiking, kayaking, and sailing - not to mention the provision of climate, topography, and fertile soils for growing some of the world?s best wines! Land surveys from the 1860s suggest that the current form of the metroscape started to take shape at the end of the 19th century. The conifers, alders, and maples that covered the region were slowly removed to make way for new urban settlements, and wetlands were drained to create farms and agricultural areas. In this atlas, we journey 140 years into the past to examine how and where the metroscape has changed. Our aim is to illustrate historic flooding of the region, and ponder what changes might mean to its future. Close

• 9. [Article] The International City Hypothesis: An Approach to the Recent History of U.S. Cities

  Differentiates between the concepts of world cities and international cities, asserting that study of international cities offers greater opportunities for research and analysis of major urban regions ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The International City Hypothesis: An Approach to the Recent History of U.S. Cities Author: Abbott, Carl Year: 1997 Differentiates between the concepts of world cities and international cities, asserting that study of international cities offers greater opportunities for research and analysis of major urban regions of the latter 20th century. The world city model emphasizes hierarchy and status based on influence and power. The international city model emphasizes numerous indicators that demonstrate a broader range of international connections, including foreign tourists, new immigration, sister-city affiliations, and multinational corporation offices. They may function as production centers, gateway cities, or transactional cities. At present, statistical data are thin, and the topic invites research by urban historians. Title: The International City Hypothesis: An Approach to the Recent History of U.S. Cities Author: Abbott, Carl Year: 1997 Differentiates between the concepts of world cities and international cities, asserting that study of international cities offers greater opportunities for research and analysis of major urban regions of the latter 20th century. The world city model emphasizes hierarchy and status based on influence and power. The international city model emphasizes numerous indicators that demonstrate a broader range of international connections, including foreign tourists, new immigration, sister-city affiliations, and multinational corporation offices. They may function as production centers, gateway cities, or transactional cities. At present, statistical data are thin, and the topic invites research by urban historians. Close

• 10. [Article] Patterns of Time, Place, and Culture: Land Use Zoning in Portland, Oregon, 1918-1924

  Until recently, few have questioned the notion that the separation of uses in land use zoning is inherently correct. Many observers of the city are now suggesting that zoning, as it has been practiced ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Patterns of Time, Place, and Culture: Land Use Zoning in Portland, Oregon, 1918-1924 Author: Merrick, Meg Year: 1998 Until recently, few have questioned the notion that the separation of uses in land use zoning is inherently correct. Many observers of the city are now suggesting that zoning, as it has been practiced in this country over the last 80 years, has created cities that are fractured and function poorly. Others propose that zoning should be reconsidered as a remedy for urban dysfunction. They suggest that the whole notion of zoning be rethought. The purpose of this study is to uncover some of the underlying rationales and methodologies that set the model for zoning. This study examines the rationales behind the classification and location of land use zones in a fast-growing area of Portland, Oregon, for its first zoning ordinance through history, culture, and geography. Between 1919 and 1924, two ordinances were prepared using two very different methodologies. The first of these was designed by nationally known consultant, Charles H. Cheney, using the latest scientific methods. After its rejection in the polls, a second ordinance was developed by a prominent group of realtors in conjunction with the city planning commission using more intuitive methods. This “realtors’ code” (MacColl 1979) was approved by the Portland electorate in 1924. Some fifty years later, the Portland planning commission would identify zoning as having played a significant role in the deterioration of the Buckman neighborhood in the study area. The comparison of the rationales and methods behind the locations of zone boundaries in both ordinances against the locations of actual uses in the study area, reveals the powerful influences of social Darwinism, laissez-faire attitudes, and newly developing social science methods on the association of zoning with the separation of uses and the land use patterns that were created. Title: Patterns of Time, Place, and Culture: Land Use Zoning in Portland, Oregon, 1918-1924 Author: Merrick, Meg Year: 1998 Until recently, few have questioned the notion that the separation of uses in land use zoning is inherently correct. Many observers of the city are now suggesting that zoning, as it has been practiced in this country over the last 80 years, has created cities that are fractured and function poorly. Others propose that zoning should be reconsidered as a remedy for urban dysfunction. They suggest that the whole notion of zoning be rethought. The purpose of this study is to uncover some of the underlying rationales and methodologies that set the model for zoning. This study examines the rationales behind the classification and location of land use zones in a fast-growing area of Portland, Oregon, for its first zoning ordinance through history, culture, and geography. Between 1919 and 1924, two ordinances were prepared using two very different methodologies. The first of these was designed by nationally known consultant, Charles H. Cheney, using the latest scientific methods. After its rejection in the polls, a second ordinance was developed by a prominent group of realtors in conjunction with the city planning commission using more intuitive methods. This “realtors’ code” (MacColl 1979) was approved by the Portland electorate in 1924. Some fifty years later, the Portland planning commission would identify zoning as having played a significant role in the deterioration of the Buckman neighborhood in the study area. The comparison of the rationales and methods behind the locations of zone boundaries in both ordinances against the locations of actual uses in the study area, reveals the powerful influences of social Darwinism, laissez-faire attitudes, and newly developing social science methods on the association of zoning with the separation of uses and the land use patterns that were created. Close

• 11. [Article] A history of the Portland waterfront between southwest Clay and Washington streets, its land use and legal problems

  Between 1845 and 1980 the Portland waterfront between southwest Washington and Clay Streets, east of Front Street, metamorphosed from wilderness to trade center, to highway, to inner-city vacant lot. No ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: A history of the Portland waterfront between southwest Clay and Washington streets, its land use and legal problems Author: Carter, Jeffrey G. Year: 1981 Between 1845 and 1980 the Portland waterfront between southwest Washington and Clay Streets, east of Front Street, metamorphosed from wilderness to trade center, to highway, to inner-city vacant lot. No place in Portland has more graphically illustrated the rapidly changing forces of the modern age in which the city has grown. For much of its history this stretch of waterfront was mired in law suits. The struggles centered on public versus private ownership. Originally dedicated as public property, but left unimproved by the city, the waterfront was usurped by private investors. Eventually, private owners allowed their property to decay prompting the public to encourage improvements. The legal battles even became reversed as private investors sought to force the sale of the waterfront to the city. Through all the confusion of legal battles this stretch of waterfront played a central role in the development and identity of Portland. It has finally become, undisputed public territory. The tension and greed of private investment have been replaced by the lack of municipal funds for aesthetic improvement and have left this stretch of land, a potentially fine and important urban park, a vacant lot. Title: A history of the Portland waterfront between southwest Clay and Washington streets, its land use and legal problems Author: Carter, Jeffrey G. Year: 1981 Between 1845 and 1980 the Portland waterfront between southwest Washington and Clay Streets, east of Front Street, metamorphosed from wilderness to trade center, to highway, to inner-city vacant lot. No place in Portland has more graphically illustrated the rapidly changing forces of the modern age in which the city has grown. For much of its history this stretch of waterfront was mired in law suits. The struggles centered on public versus private ownership. Originally dedicated as public property, but left unimproved by the city, the waterfront was usurped by private investors. Eventually, private owners allowed their property to decay prompting the public to encourage improvements. The legal battles even became reversed as private investors sought to force the sale of the waterfront to the city. Through all the confusion of legal battles this stretch of waterfront played a central role in the development and identity of Portland. It has finally become, undisputed public territory. The tension and greed of private investment have been replaced by the lack of municipal funds for aesthetic improvement and have left this stretch of land, a potentially fine and important urban park, a vacant lot. Close

• 12. [Article] The Histories of New York City’s Parks

  This is the introduction to the Journal of Planning History volume 16 issue 2, 2017.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The Histories of New York City’s Parks Author: McNeur, Catherine Year: 2017 This is the introduction to the Journal of Planning History volume 16 issue 2, 2017. Title: The Histories of New York City’s Parks Author: McNeur, Catherine Year: 2017 This is the introduction to the Journal of Planning History volume 16 issue 2, 2017. Close

• 13. [Article] The Lumberman's Frontier: Three Centuries of Land Use, Society, and Change in America's Forests

  A review of the book "The Lumberman's Frontier: Three Centuries of Land Use, Society, and Change in America's Forests," by Thomas R. Cox is presented.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The Lumberman's Frontier: Three Centuries of Land Use, Society, and Change in America's Forests Author: Lang, William L. Year: 2012 A review of the book "The Lumberman's Frontier: Three Centuries of Land Use, Society, and Change in America's Forests," by Thomas R. Cox is presented. Title: The Lumberman's Frontier: Three Centuries of Land Use, Society, and Change in America's Forests Author: Lang, William L. Year: 2012 A review of the book "The Lumberman's Frontier: Three Centuries of Land Use, Society, and Change in America's Forests," by Thomas R. Cox is presented. Close

• 14. [Article] Interview with Bob Rindy (on Goal 10)

  Interview with Bob Rindy by Sy Adler on May 16, 2017 focused on Goal 10 of Oregon's Statewide Land Use Planning Program. Bob Rindy is Legislative Coordinator for the Oregon Department of Land Conservation ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Interview with Bob Rindy (on Goal 10) Author: Rindy, Bob, Adler, Sy Year: 2017 Interview with Bob Rindy by Sy Adler on May 16, 2017 focused on Goal 10 of Oregon's Statewide Land Use Planning Program. Bob Rindy is Legislative Coordinator for the Oregon Department of Land Conservation and Development, the agency that administers the statewide land-use planning program set forth in 1973 with Senate Bill 100. Title: Interview with Bob Rindy (on Goal 10) Author: Rindy, Bob, Adler, Sy Year: 2017 Interview with Bob Rindy by Sy Adler on May 16, 2017 focused on Goal 10 of Oregon's Statewide Land Use Planning Program. Bob Rindy is Legislative Coordinator for the Oregon Department of Land Conservation and Development, the agency that administers the statewide land-use planning program set forth in 1973 with Senate Bill 100. Close

• 15. [Article] Land Use Framework Element of the CRAG Regional Plan

  The Land Use Framework Element is an element of the Regional Plan pursuant to Regional Objective II and to Section 3 of the Rules Adopting and Implementing the CRAG Goals and Objectives.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Land Use Framework Element of the CRAG Regional Plan Author: Columbia Region Association of Governments Year: 1976 The Land Use Framework Element is an element of the Regional Plan pursuant to Regional Objective II and to Section 3 of the Rules Adopting and Implementing the CRAG Goals and Objectives. Title: Land Use Framework Element of the CRAG Regional Plan Author: Columbia Region Association of Governments Year: 1976 The Land Use Framework Element is an element of the Regional Plan pursuant to Regional Objective II and to Section 3 of the Rules Adopting and Implementing the CRAG Goals and Objectives. Close

• 16. [Article] Interview with Stephen Kafoury

  Interview with Stephen Kafoury by Dillon Mahmoudi on May 29, 2015. Stephen Kafoury was an Oregon State Representative and served as the Chair of the Joint Committee on Land Use during the adoption of the ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Interview with Stephen Kafoury Author: Kafoury, Stephen, Mahmoudi, Dillon Year: 2015 Interview with Stephen Kafoury by Dillon Mahmoudi on May 29, 2015. Stephen Kafoury was an Oregon State Representative and served as the Chair of the Joint Committee on Land Use during the adoption of the statewide land use program in the early 1970s. Title: Interview with Stephen Kafoury Author: Kafoury, Stephen, Mahmoudi, Dillon Year: 2015 Interview with Stephen Kafoury by Dillon Mahmoudi on May 29, 2015. Stephen Kafoury was an Oregon State Representative and served as the Chair of the Joint Committee on Land Use during the adoption of the statewide land use program in the early 1970s. Close

• 17. [Article] Interview with Mark Greenfield (on Goal 10)

  Interview with Mark Greenfield by Jim Irvine in 2017 focused on Goal 10 of Oregon's Statewide Land Use Planning Program. Mark Greenfield is a Portland-area attorney specializing in land use. He has represented ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Interview with Mark Greenfield (on Goal 10) Author: Greenfield, Mark, Irvine, Jim Year: 2017 Interview with Mark Greenfield by Jim Irvine in 2017 focused on Goal 10 of Oregon's Statewide Land Use Planning Program. Mark Greenfield is a Portland-area attorney specializing in land use. He has represented the nonprofit organization 1000 Friends of Oregon and agencies including Tri-Met and Metro, and has served on the City of Portland Housing Advisory Committee. Title: Interview with Mark Greenfield (on Goal 10) Author: Greenfield, Mark, Irvine, Jim Year: 2017 Interview with Mark Greenfield by Jim Irvine in 2017 focused on Goal 10 of Oregon's Statewide Land Use Planning Program. Mark Greenfield is a Portland-area attorney specializing in land use. He has represented the nonprofit organization 1000 Friends of Oregon and agencies including Tri-Met and Metro, and has served on the City of Portland Housing Advisory Committee. Close

• 18. [Article] Land Use Planning in Oregon: The Quilt and the Struggle for Scale

  The history of planning in Oregon in the latter part of the 20th century is in many respects a history of the state attempting to reassert its interests in local planning and zoning after having granted ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Land Use Planning in Oregon: The Quilt and the Struggle for Scale Author: Seltzer, Ethan Year: 2012 The history of planning in Oregon in the latter part of the 20th century is in many respects a history of the state attempting to reassert its interests in local planning and zoning after having granted the power to plan and zone to local governments early in the 20th century. The Oregon land use planning program evolved as a means for ensuring that state interests in the use of resource land and the prevention of sprawl were carried out meaningfully through local planning and zoning. Rather than a single state plan, Oregon has instead relied on the "quilt" of local plans covering the state to advance state land use interests. Oregon has achieved measurable success with this approach, but many issues remain. Title: Land Use Planning in Oregon: The Quilt and the Struggle for Scale Author: Seltzer, Ethan Year: 2012 The history of planning in Oregon in the latter part of the 20th century is in many respects a history of the state attempting to reassert its interests in local planning and zoning after having granted the power to plan and zone to local governments early in the 20th century. The Oregon land use planning program evolved as a means for ensuring that state interests in the use of resource land and the prevention of sprawl were carried out meaningfully through local planning and zoning. Rather than a single state plan, Oregon has instead relied on the "quilt" of local plans covering the state to advance state land use interests. Oregon has achieved measurable success with this approach, but many issues remain. Close

• 19. [Article] Interview with James Ross

  Interview with Jim Ross by Jim Knight on June 15, 2015. Jim Ross worked in land use planning in Marion County and served as the director of the Oregon Department of Land Conservation and Development.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Interview with James Ross Author: Ross, James, Knight, Jim Year: 2015 Interview with Jim Ross by Jim Knight on June 15, 2015. Jim Ross worked in land use planning in Marion County and served as the director of the Oregon Department of Land Conservation and Development. Title: Interview with James Ross Author: Ross, James, Knight, Jim Year: 2015 Interview with Jim Ross by Jim Knight on June 15, 2015. Jim Ross worked in land use planning in Marion County and served as the director of the Oregon Department of Land Conservation and Development. Close

• 20. [Article] Interview with William Blosser

  Interview with William Blosser by Anthony Lavenda on June 16, 2015. Bill Blosser's roles in connection with Oregon's land use planning system include chairing the Land Conservation and Development Commission, ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Interview with William Blosser Author: Blosser, William, Lavenda, Anthony Year: 2015 Interview with William Blosser by Anthony Lavenda on June 16, 2015. Bill Blosser's roles in connection with Oregon's land use planning system include chairing the Land Conservation and Development Commission, the Water Resources Commission, and the Environmental Quality Commission. Title: Interview with William Blosser Author: Blosser, William, Lavenda, Anthony Year: 2015 Interview with William Blosser by Anthony Lavenda on June 16, 2015. Bill Blosser's roles in connection with Oregon's land use planning system include chairing the Land Conservation and Development Commission, the Water Resources Commission, and the Environmental Quality Commission. Close

• 21. [Article] Interview with Roger Kirchner

  Interview with Roger Kirchner by Jim Knight on August 12, 2015. Roger Kirchner was a founding staff member of the Oregon Department of Land Conservation and Development and served on the Land Conservation ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Interview with Roger Kirchner Author: Kirchner, Roger, Knight, Jim Year: 2015 Interview with Roger Kirchner by Jim Knight on August 12, 2015. Roger Kirchner was a founding staff member of the Oregon Department of Land Conservation and Development and served on the Land Conservation and Development Commission (LCDC). Title: Interview with Roger Kirchner Author: Kirchner, Roger, Knight, Jim Year: 2015 Interview with Roger Kirchner by Jim Knight on August 12, 2015. Roger Kirchner was a founding staff member of the Oregon Department of Land Conservation and Development and served on the Land Conservation and Development Commission (LCDC). Close

• 22. [Article] Interview with Burton Weast

  Interview with Burton Weast by Bob Rindy on August 18, 2015. Burton Weast was planner for Curry County in 1970. He worked as a senior lobbyist on land use issues for the League of Oregon Cities, a representative ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Interview with Burton Weast Author: Weast, Burton, Rindy, Bob Year: 2015 Interview with Burton Weast by Bob Rindy on August 18, 2015. Burton Weast was planner for Curry County in 1970. He worked as a senior lobbyist on land use issues for the League of Oregon Cities, a representative of Portland's Home Builders Association, and as a private lobbyist and consultant. Title: Interview with Burton Weast Author: Weast, Burton, Rindy, Bob Year: 2015 Interview with Burton Weast by Bob Rindy on August 18, 2015. Burton Weast was planner for Curry County in 1970. He worked as a senior lobbyist on land use issues for the League of Oregon Cities, a representative of Portland's Home Builders Association, and as a private lobbyist and consultant. Close

• 23. [Article] Interview with Janet McLennan

  Interview with Janet McLennan by Kevin Pozzi on June 11, 2015. Janet McLennan was House Counsel for the Oregon House Committee on Land Use and the Environment during the 1973 legislative session, during ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Interview with Janet McLennan Author: McLennan, Janet, Pozzi, Kevin Year: 2015 Interview with Janet McLennan by Kevin Pozzi on June 11, 2015. Janet McLennan was House Counsel for the Oregon House Committee on Land Use and the Environment during the 1973 legislative session, during the passage of Senate Bill 100. Title: Interview with Janet McLennan Author: McLennan, Janet, Pozzi, Kevin Year: 2015 Interview with Janet McLennan by Kevin Pozzi on June 11, 2015. Janet McLennan was House Counsel for the Oregon House Committee on Land Use and the Environment during the 1973 legislative session, during the passage of Senate Bill 100. Close

• 24. [Article] Interview with Lee Miller

  Interview with Lee Miller by Kevin Pozzi on August 12, 2015. Lee Miller's career in land use includes positions as Director of the Lane County Planning Department and as Chair of the Oregon Planning Director's ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Interview with Lee Miller Author: Miller, Lee, Pozzi, Kevin Year: 2015 Interview with Lee Miller by Kevin Pozzi on August 12, 2015. Lee Miller's career in land use includes positions as Director of the Lane County Planning Department and as Chair of the Oregon Planning Director's Association. Title: Interview with Lee Miller Author: Miller, Lee, Pozzi, Kevin Year: 2015 Interview with Lee Miller by Kevin Pozzi on August 12, 2015. Lee Miller's career in land use includes positions as Director of the Lane County Planning Department and as Chair of the Oregon Planning Director's Association. Close

• 25. [Article] Interview with Russell Beaton

  Interview with Russell Beaton by Jim Knight on June 18, 2015. Russ Beaton was Professor of Economics at Willamette University in Salem. He participated in drafting the widely acclaimed 1973 Oregon legislation ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Interview with Russell Beaton Author: Beaton, Russell, Knight, Jim Year: 2015 Interview with Russell Beaton by Jim Knight on June 18, 2015. Russ Beaton was Professor of Economics at Willamette University in Salem. He participated in drafting the widely acclaimed 1973 Oregon legislation on land-use planning. Title: Interview with Russell Beaton Author: Beaton, Russell, Knight, Jim Year: 2015 Interview with Russell Beaton by Jim Knight on June 18, 2015. Russ Beaton was Professor of Economics at Willamette University in Salem. He participated in drafting the widely acclaimed 1973 Oregon legislation on land-use planning. Close

• 26. [Article] Interview with Robert Cortright

  Robert Cortright was interviewed on March 9, 2017 by Ben Kahn. Bob Cortright is the Transportation Planning Coordinator for Oregon's Department of Land Conservation and Development (DLCD).

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Interview with Robert Cortright Author: Cortright, Robert, Kahn, Benjamin Year: 2017 Robert Cortright was interviewed on March 9, 2017 by Ben Kahn. Bob Cortright is the Transportation Planning Coordinator for Oregon's Department of Land Conservation and Development (DLCD). Title: Interview with Robert Cortright Author: Cortright, Robert, Kahn, Benjamin Year: 2017 Robert Cortright was interviewed on March 9, 2017 by Ben Kahn. Bob Cortright is the Transportation Planning Coordinator for Oregon's Department of Land Conservation and Development (DLCD). Close

• 27. [Article] Interview with Arnold Cogan

  Interview with Arnold Cogan by James (Jim) Sitzman on June 23, 2015. Arnold Cogan, of the community outreach firm Cogan, Owens, & Green, was Oregon's first Planning Coordinator under Governor Tom McCall, ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Interview with Arnold Cogan Author: Cogan, Arnold, Sitzman, James Year: 2015 Interview with Arnold Cogan by James (Jim) Sitzman on June 23, 2015. Arnold Cogan, of the community outreach firm Cogan, Owens, & Green, was Oregon's first Planning Coordinator under Governor Tom McCall, the first Director of the Department of Land Conservation and Development, and the first Planning Director for the Port of Portland. Title: Interview with Arnold Cogan Author: Cogan, Arnold, Sitzman, James Year: 2015 Interview with Arnold Cogan by James (Jim) Sitzman on June 23, 2015. Arnold Cogan, of the community outreach firm Cogan, Owens, & Green, was Oregon's first Planning Coordinator under Governor Tom McCall, the first Director of the Department of Land Conservation and Development, and the first Planning Director for the Port of Portland. Close

• 28. [Article] Interview with Richard Benner

  Interview with Richard Benner by Anthony Lavenda on May 14, 2015. Dick Benner served as Director of the Oregon Department of Land Conservation and Development, as staff attorney for 1000 Friends of Oregon, ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Interview with Richard Benner Author: Benner, Richard, Lavenda, Anthony Year: 2015 Interview with Richard Benner by Anthony Lavenda on May 14, 2015. Dick Benner served as Director of the Oregon Department of Land Conservation and Development, as staff attorney for 1000 Friends of Oregon, and as the executive director of the Columbia River Gorge Commission. Title: Interview with Richard Benner Author: Benner, Richard, Lavenda, Anthony Year: 2015 Interview with Richard Benner by Anthony Lavenda on May 14, 2015. Dick Benner served as Director of the Oregon Department of Land Conservation and Development, as staff attorney for 1000 Friends of Oregon, and as the executive director of the Columbia River Gorge Commission. Close

• 29. [Article] Interview with Edward Sullivan

  Interview with Edward Sullivan by Kevin Pozzi on August 20, 2015. Ed Sullivan served as Assistant County Counsel and County Counsel for Washington County and as Legal Counsel for the Governor of Oregon. ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Interview with Edward Sullivan Author: Sullivan, Edward, Pozzi, Kevin Year: 2015 Interview with Edward Sullivan by Kevin Pozzi on August 20, 2015. Ed Sullivan served as Assistant County Counsel and County Counsel for Washington County and as Legal Counsel for the Governor of Oregon. He was a board member of the Oregon Chapter of the American Planning Association and chair of the Housing Land Advocates. Title: Interview with Edward Sullivan Author: Sullivan, Edward, Pozzi, Kevin Year: 2015 Interview with Edward Sullivan by Kevin Pozzi on August 20, 2015. Ed Sullivan served as Assistant County Counsel and County Counsel for Washington County and as Legal Counsel for the Governor of Oregon. He was a board member of the Oregon Chapter of the American Planning Association and chair of the Housing Land Advocates. Close

• 30. [Article] Interview with Harold Brauner

  Interview with Harold (Hal) Brauner by Katherine Daniels on July 1, 2015. Hal Brauner served as Director of the Department of Land Conservation and Development.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Interview with Harold Brauner Author: Brauner, Harold, Daniels, Katherine Year: 2015 Interview with Harold (Hal) Brauner by Katherine Daniels on July 1, 2015. Hal Brauner served as Director of the Department of Land Conservation and Development. Title: Interview with Harold Brauner Author: Brauner, Harold, Daniels, Katherine Year: 2015 Interview with Harold (Hal) Brauner by Katherine Daniels on July 1, 2015. Hal Brauner served as Director of the Department of Land Conservation and Development. Close

• 31. [Article] Interview with John Faust

  Interview with Jack Faust by Kevin Pozzi on August 19, 2015. Jack Faust, Vice Chairman of the Land Conservation and Development Commission from 1979 to 1983, was a lawyer at the firm Schwabe, Williamson, ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Interview with John Faust Author: Faust, John, Pozzi, Kevin Year: 2015 Interview with Jack Faust by Kevin Pozzi on August 19, 2015. Jack Faust, Vice Chairman of the Land Conservation and Development Commission from 1979 to 1983, was a lawyer at the firm Schwabe, Williamson, and Wyatt in Portland Title: Interview with John Faust Author: Faust, John, Pozzi, Kevin Year: 2015 Interview with Jack Faust by Kevin Pozzi on August 19, 2015. Jack Faust, Vice Chairman of the Land Conservation and Development Commission from 1979 to 1983, was a lawyer at the firm Schwabe, Williamson, and Wyatt in Portland Close

• 32. [Article] Interview with Margaret Collins

  Interview with Margaret Collins by Jim Sitzman on May 27, 2015. Maggie Collins was an original member of the Citizen Involvement Advisory Committee, which was established by Senate Bill 100 to advise the ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Interview with Margaret Collins Author: Collins, Margaret, Sitzman, James Year: 2015 Interview with Margaret Collins by Jim Sitzman on May 27, 2015. Maggie Collins was an original member of the Citizen Involvement Advisory Committee, which was established by Senate Bill 100 to advise the Oregon Land Conservation and Development Commission on Goal 1 of the statewide planning system: citizen involvement. Title: Interview with Margaret Collins Author: Collins, Margaret, Sitzman, James Year: 2015 Interview with Margaret Collins by Jim Sitzman on May 27, 2015. Maggie Collins was an original member of the Citizen Involvement Advisory Committee, which was established by Senate Bill 100 to advise the Oregon Land Conservation and Development Commission on Goal 1 of the statewide planning system: citizen involvement. Close

• 33. [Article] Interview with Mitch Rohse

  Interview with Mitch Rohse by Jim Knight on August 6, 2015. Mitch Rohse was Planning Director of Polk County, served on the staff of the Oregon Department of Land Conservation and Development for 20 years ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Interview with Mitch Rohse Author: Rohse, Mitch, Knight, Jim Year: 2015 Interview with Mitch Rohse by Jim Knight on August 6, 2015. Mitch Rohse was Planning Director of Polk County, served on the staff of the Oregon Department of Land Conservation and Development for 20 years between 1980-2000, and worked as a planning consultant for Oregon coastal and rural counties. Title: Interview with Mitch Rohse Author: Rohse, Mitch, Knight, Jim Year: 2015 Interview with Mitch Rohse by Jim Knight on August 6, 2015. Mitch Rohse was Planning Director of Polk County, served on the staff of the Oregon Department of Land Conservation and Development for 20 years between 1980-2000, and worked as a planning consultant for Oregon coastal and rural counties. Close

• 34. [Article] Interview with Steven Schell

  Interview with Steven Schell by Jim Knight on June 24, 2015. Steve Schell was a member and vice-chair of the first appointed Oregon Land Conservation and Development Commission, 1973-76.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Interview with Steven Schell Author: Schell, Steven, Knight, Jim Year: 2015 Interview with Steven Schell by Jim Knight on June 24, 2015. Steve Schell was a member and vice-chair of the first appointed Oregon Land Conservation and Development Commission, 1973-76. Title: Interview with Steven Schell Author: Schell, Steven, Knight, Jim Year: 2015 Interview with Steven Schell by Jim Knight on June 24, 2015. Steve Schell was a member and vice-chair of the first appointed Oregon Land Conservation and Development Commission, 1973-76. Close

• 35. [Article] Interview with Brent L. Lake

  Interview with Brent Lake by Jim Knight on July 24, 2015. Brent Lake began his service with the Department of Land Conservation and Development in 1974. He helped draft twelve of the first fourteen statewide ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Interview with Brent L. Lake Author: Lake, Brent L., Knight, Jim Year: 2015 Interview with Brent Lake by Jim Knight on July 24, 2015. Brent Lake began his service with the Department of Land Conservation and Development in 1974. He helped draft twelve of the first fourteen statewide planning goals and served as a field representative of the department to cities and counties throughout Oregon. Title: Interview with Brent L. Lake Author: Lake, Brent L., Knight, Jim Year: 2015 Interview with Brent Lake by Jim Knight on July 24, 2015. Brent Lake began his service with the Department of Land Conservation and Development in 1974. He helped draft twelve of the first fourteen statewide planning goals and served as a field representative of the department to cities and counties throughout Oregon. Close

• 36. [Article] A Legacy in Land: A Primer on Realty and Reality

  In depth look at the history and impact of Oregon's Measure 37, approved by the voters in 2004. Examines all sides of the debate around land use, property rights, and conflicts between property rights ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: A Legacy in Land: A Primer on Realty and Reality Author: Perkowski, Mateusz Year: 2005 In depth look at the history and impact of Oregon's Measure 37, approved by the voters in 2004. Examines all sides of the debate around land use, property rights, and conflicts between property rights and preservation activists. Title: A Legacy in Land: A Primer on Realty and Reality Author: Perkowski, Mateusz Year: 2005 In depth look at the history and impact of Oregon's Measure 37, approved by the voters in 2004. Examines all sides of the debate around land use, property rights, and conflicts between property rights and preservation activists. Close

• 37. [Article] Interview with Robert E. Clay (on Goal 10)

  Interview with Robert E. Clay by Sy Adler on May 3, 2017 focused on Goal 10 of Oregon's Statewide Land Use Planning Program. Bob Clay is a planning consultant in Portland, Oregon who has held senior management ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Interview with Robert E. Clay (on Goal 10) Author: Clay, Robert E., Adler, Sy Year: 2017 Interview with Robert E. Clay by Sy Adler on May 3, 2017 focused on Goal 10 of Oregon's Statewide Land Use Planning Program. Bob Clay is a planning consultant in Portland, Oregon who has held senior management positions in urban planning for city, state, regional, and federal agencies since 1973. Title: Interview with Robert E. Clay (on Goal 10) Author: Clay, Robert E., Adler, Sy Year: 2017 Interview with Robert E. Clay by Sy Adler on May 3, 2017 focused on Goal 10 of Oregon's Statewide Land Use Planning Program. Bob Clay is a planning consultant in Portland, Oregon who has held senior management positions in urban planning for city, state, regional, and federal agencies since 1973. Close

• 38. [Article] Interview with Don Mazziotti (on Goal 10)

  Interview with Don Mazziotti in 2017 by Jim Irvine focused on Goal 10 of Oregon's Statewide Land Use Planning Program. Mazziotti headed the Portland Development Commission from 2001 to 2005, served as ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Interview with Don Mazziotti (on Goal 10) Author: Mazziotti, Don, Irvine, Jim Year: 2017 Interview with Don Mazziotti in 2017 by Jim Irvine focused on Goal 10 of Oregon's Statewide Land Use Planning Program. Mazziotti headed the Portland Development Commission from 2001 to 2005, served as Portland’s chief planner in the 1970s and acted as chief information officer for Oregon in the late 1990s. (Second half of interview missing.) Title: Interview with Don Mazziotti (on Goal 10) Author: Mazziotti, Don, Irvine, Jim Year: 2017 Interview with Don Mazziotti in 2017 by Jim Irvine focused on Goal 10 of Oregon's Statewide Land Use Planning Program. Mazziotti headed the Portland Development Commission from 2001 to 2005, served as Portland’s chief planner in the 1970s and acted as chief information officer for Oregon in the late 1990s. (Second half of interview missing.) Close

• 39. [Article] Interview with Fred VanNatta (on Goal 10)

  Interview with Fred VanNatta by Jim Irvine on May 15, 2017 focused on Goal 10 of Oregon's Statewide Land Use Planning Program. Fred VanNatta began his career as a paid campaign staffer for two presidential ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Interview with Fred VanNatta (on Goal 10) Author: VanNatta, Fred, Irvine, James Year: 2017 Interview with Fred VanNatta by Jim Irvine on May 15, 2017 focused on Goal 10 of Oregon's Statewide Land Use Planning Program. Fred VanNatta began his career as a paid campaign staffer for two presidential candidates and as an aide to the Oregon House Speaker during the 1965 and 1967 legislature. As a political lobbyist from 1969 on, his clients included the Oregon State Homebuilders Association and the Association of Engineering Employees of Oregon. Title: Interview with Fred VanNatta (on Goal 10) Author: VanNatta, Fred, Irvine, James Year: 2017 Interview with Fred VanNatta by Jim Irvine on May 15, 2017 focused on Goal 10 of Oregon's Statewide Land Use Planning Program. Fred VanNatta began his career as a paid campaign staffer for two presidential candidates and as an aide to the Oregon House Speaker during the 1965 and 1967 legislature. As a political lobbyist from 1969 on, his clients included the Oregon State Homebuilders Association and the Association of Engineering Employees of Oregon. Close

• 40. [Article] Interview with Greg Winterowd (on Goal 10)

  Interview with Greg Winterowd by Sy Adler on May 8, 2017 focused on Goal 10 of Oregon's Statewide Land Use Planning Program. Winterowd is principal and co-founder of Winterbrook Planning, a professional ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Interview with Greg Winterowd (on Goal 10) Author: Winterowd, Greg, Adler, Sy Year: 2017 Interview with Greg Winterowd by Sy Adler on May 8, 2017 focused on Goal 10 of Oregon's Statewide Land Use Planning Program. Winterowd is principal and co-founder of Winterbrook Planning, a professional consultancy based in Portland, Oregon. He served as Planning and Development Director for the city of Springfield, Oregon, and as President of the Oregon Chapter of the American Planning Association. Title: Interview with Greg Winterowd (on Goal 10) Author: Winterowd, Greg, Adler, Sy Year: 2017 Interview with Greg Winterowd by Sy Adler on May 8, 2017 focused on Goal 10 of Oregon's Statewide Land Use Planning Program. Winterowd is principal and co-founder of Winterbrook Planning, a professional consultancy based in Portland, Oregon. He served as Planning and Development Director for the city of Springfield, Oregon, and as President of the Oregon Chapter of the American Planning Association. Close

• 41. [Article] Interview with Bruce Bartow

  Interview with Bruce Bartow by Michael Rupp on October 11, 2016. Bruce Bartow served as Planning Director for Josephine County, Oregon, from 1977 to 2005.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Interview with Bruce Bartow Author: Bartow, Bruce, Rupp, Michael Year: 2017 Interview with Bruce Bartow by Michael Rupp on October 11, 2016. Bruce Bartow served as Planning Director for Josephine County, Oregon, from 1977 to 2005. Title: Interview with Bruce Bartow Author: Bartow, Bruce, Rupp, Michael Year: 2017 Interview with Bruce Bartow by Michael Rupp on October 11, 2016. Bruce Bartow served as Planning Director for Josephine County, Oregon, from 1977 to 2005. Close

• 42. [Article] Interview with Allen Johnson

  Allen (Al) Johnson was interviewed by Sy Adler on June 2, 2017. Al Johnson is a retired Oregon land use attorney who founded and practiced with the firm Johnson, Kloos and Sherton (originally Johnson and ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Interview with Allen Johnson Author: Johnson, Allen, Adler, Sy Year: 2017 Allen (Al) Johnson was interviewed by Sy Adler on June 2, 2017. Al Johnson is a retired Oregon land use attorney who founded and practiced with the firm Johnson, Kloos and Sherton (originally Johnson and Kloos) in the 1980s and 1990s. He worked as a hearings official for the Oregon Land Conservation and Development Commission in the 1970s. From 1993 until his retirement, he represented public- and private-sector clients throughout the state. After his retirement in 2010, he served as a member of the Urban Growth Boundary Residential Lands Technical Advisory Committee for the city of Bend, Oregon. Title: Interview with Allen Johnson Author: Johnson, Allen, Adler, Sy Year: 2017 Allen (Al) Johnson was interviewed by Sy Adler on June 2, 2017. Al Johnson is a retired Oregon land use attorney who founded and practiced with the firm Johnson, Kloos and Sherton (originally Johnson and Kloos) in the 1980s and 1990s. He worked as a hearings official for the Oregon Land Conservation and Development Commission in the 1970s. From 1993 until his retirement, he represented public- and private-sector clients throughout the state. After his retirement in 2010, he served as a member of the Urban Growth Boundary Residential Lands Technical Advisory Committee for the city of Bend, Oregon. Close

• 43. [Article] The Swamp Land Act in Oregon, 1870-1895

  The Swamp Land Act of 1849, originally intended to give the state of Louisiana the unproductive swamplands within its borders and use the proceeds to construct the drains and levees necessary to reclaim ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The Swamp Land Act in Oregon, 1870-1895 Author: Pintarich, Richard Mark Year: 1980 The Swamp Land Act of 1849, originally intended to give the state of Louisiana the unproductive swamplands within its borders and use the proceeds to construct the drains and levees necessary to reclaim these lands, was extended to Oregon in 1860. Oregon did not act on the matter until 1870, but once begun, it became a prolific source of political corruption, fiscal irresponsibility, fraud, and land speculation and monopolization. Even though the physiography of Oregon was much different than the states in the Mississippi Valley, millions of acres of "swampland" were filed upon and the state sold hundreds of thousands of acres long before it received legal title to these lands. In most cases final patents were never issued by the federal government. Rather than the proceeds of the sales of these lands going toward reclamation, the funds often went to the friends of state officials for dubious services. Appropriations, based on the anticipated sale of swampland, were made for the owners of wagon roads for projects never completed. This created a state indebtedness which the sale of swampland alone could not erase. A major result of the Swamp Land Act in Oregon was the withholding of arable land and water rights from actual settlers in the predominantly semiarid regions of Oregon by land speculators and by cattle barons who used it to monopolize vast tracts of grazing land. Litigation over disputed swampland claims occurred well into the twentieth century. Because little has been written on this topic, primary sources have been extensively relied upon for the research. The most important of these sources were the Portland Oregonian, government documents of the state of Oregon, and the documents of the United States Department of Interior. Title: The Swamp Land Act in Oregon, 1870-1895 Author: Pintarich, Richard Mark Year: 1980 The Swamp Land Act of 1849, originally intended to give the state of Louisiana the unproductive swamplands within its borders and use the proceeds to construct the drains and levees necessary to reclaim these lands, was extended to Oregon in 1860. Oregon did not act on the matter until 1870, but once begun, it became a prolific source of political corruption, fiscal irresponsibility, fraud, and land speculation and monopolization. Even though the physiography of Oregon was much different than the states in the Mississippi Valley, millions of acres of "swampland" were filed upon and the state sold hundreds of thousands of acres long before it received legal title to these lands. In most cases final patents were never issued by the federal government. Rather than the proceeds of the sales of these lands going toward reclamation, the funds often went to the friends of state officials for dubious services. Appropriations, based on the anticipated sale of swampland, were made for the owners of wagon roads for projects never completed. This created a state indebtedness which the sale of swampland alone could not erase. A major result of the Swamp Land Act in Oregon was the withholding of arable land and water rights from actual settlers in the predominantly semiarid regions of Oregon by land speculators and by cattle barons who used it to monopolize vast tracts of grazing land. Litigation over disputed swampland claims occurred well into the twentieth century. Because little has been written on this topic, primary sources have been extensively relied upon for the research. The most important of these sources were the Portland Oregonian, government documents of the state of Oregon, and the documents of the United States Department of Interior. Close

• 44. [Article] Looking Back at Planning Oregon

  An interview with Henry Richmond is the product of a new project called People and the Land: An Oral History of Oregon's Statewide Land Use Planning Program. Richmond explains the political and economic ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Looking Back at Planning Oregon Author: Richmond, Henry, Sitzman, James Year: 2016 An interview with Henry Richmond is the product of a new project called People and the Land: An Oral History of Oregon's Statewide Land Use Planning Program. Richmond explains the political and economic conditions in which land use program was forged, and how these have changed over time. The full interview is available here: http://archives.pdx.edu/ds/psu/16296 Title: Looking Back at Planning Oregon Author: Richmond, Henry, Sitzman, James Year: 2016 An interview with Henry Richmond is the product of a new project called People and the Land: An Oral History of Oregon's Statewide Land Use Planning Program. Richmond explains the political and economic conditions in which land use program was forged, and how these have changed over time. The full interview is available here: http://archives.pdx.edu/ds/psu/16296 Close

• 45. [Article] Interview with Robert E. Stacey (on Goal 10)

  Interview with Robert E. Stacey by Jim Irvine on May 15, 2017 focused on Goal 10 of Oregon's Statewide Land Use Planning Program. Bob Stacey serves on the Metro Council representing District 6, which includes ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Interview with Robert E. Stacey (on Goal 10) Author: Stacey, Robert E., Irvine, Jim Year: 2017 Interview with Robert E. Stacey by Jim Irvine on May 15, 2017 focused on Goal 10 of Oregon's Statewide Land Use Planning Program. Bob Stacey serves on the Metro Council representing District 6, which includes portions of the city of Portland. He has served as senior policy advisor to Oregon Governor Barbara Roberts, and was the executive director of 1000 Friends of Oregon, a non-profit organization focused on land-use planning. Title: Interview with Robert E. Stacey (on Goal 10) Author: Stacey, Robert E., Irvine, Jim Year: 2017 Interview with Robert E. Stacey by Jim Irvine on May 15, 2017 focused on Goal 10 of Oregon's Statewide Land Use Planning Program. Bob Stacey serves on the Metro Council representing District 6, which includes portions of the city of Portland. He has served as senior policy advisor to Oregon Governor Barbara Roberts, and was the executive director of 1000 Friends of Oregon, a non-profit organization focused on land-use planning. Close

• 46. [Article] Interview with James B. (Jim) Knight

  James Knight was interviewed on April 24, 2017, by Michael Rupp. Jim Knight's career in public agencies spanned thirty-three years. From 1970 to 1974 he worked in Buffalo, New York, for the Erie County ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Interview with James B. (Jim) Knight Author: Knight, James B, Rupp, Michael Year: 2017 James Knight was interviewed on April 24, 2017, by Michael Rupp. Jim Knight's career in public agencies spanned thirty-three years. From 1970 to 1974 he worked in Buffalo, New York, for the Erie County Division of Planning and for the Office for the Aging. In June 1974 he joined the Oregon Department of Land Conservation (DLCD), which administers Oregon's land use planning program. He retired from DLCD in March 2003. Title: Interview with James B. (Jim) Knight Author: Knight, James B, Rupp, Michael Year: 2017 James Knight was interviewed on April 24, 2017, by Michael Rupp. Jim Knight's career in public agencies spanned thirty-three years. From 1970 to 1974 he worked in Buffalo, New York, for the Erie County Division of Planning and for the Office for the Aging. In June 1974 he joined the Oregon Department of Land Conservation (DLCD), which administers Oregon's land use planning program. He retired from DLCD in March 2003. Close

• 47. [Article] Interview with Lloyd Chapman

  Lloyd Chapman was interviewed on July 31, 2017, by Michael Rupp and Jim Knight. Lloyd Chapman worked with the Oregon Department of Land Conservation and Development on water, forest, and land use projects. ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Interview with Lloyd Chapman Author: Chapman, Lloyd, Rupp, Michael, Knight, James Year: 2017 Lloyd Chapman was interviewed on July 31, 2017, by Michael Rupp and Jim Knight. Lloyd Chapman worked with the Oregon Department of Land Conservation and Development on water, forest, and land use projects. In addition to his career with DLCD, Chapman is an active citizen advocate who has held numerous elected and volunteer positions in local agencies and associations in the Salem area since the 1980s. He served as a Salem Transit District board member starting in 1999 and was elected Board President in 2003; in 2008, he was a candidate for Mayor of Salem; and in 2011, he was elected to a position on the Salem-Keizer School Board. Title: Interview with Lloyd Chapman Author: Chapman, Lloyd, Rupp, Michael, Knight, James Year: 2017 Lloyd Chapman was interviewed on July 31, 2017, by Michael Rupp and Jim Knight. Lloyd Chapman worked with the Oregon Department of Land Conservation and Development on water, forest, and land use projects. In addition to his career with DLCD, Chapman is an active citizen advocate who has held numerous elected and volunteer positions in local agencies and associations in the Salem area since the 1980s. He served as a Salem Transit District board member starting in 1999 and was elected Board President in 2003; in 2008, he was a candidate for Mayor of Salem; and in 2011, he was elected to a position on the Salem-Keizer School Board. Close

• 48. [Article] Interview with Gordon Fultz

  Gordon Fultz was interviewed on April 26, 2017, by Michael Rupp and Jim Knight. Fultz is the Legislative Coordinator for the Association of Oregon Counties (AOC).

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Interview with Gordon Fultz Author: Fultz, Gordon, Rupp, Michael, Knight, James Year: 2017 Gordon Fultz was interviewed on April 26, 2017, by Michael Rupp and Jim Knight. Fultz is the Legislative Coordinator for the Association of Oregon Counties (AOC). Title: Interview with Gordon Fultz Author: Fultz, Gordon, Rupp, Michael, Knight, James Year: 2017 Gordon Fultz was interviewed on April 26, 2017, by Michael Rupp and Jim Knight. Fultz is the Legislative Coordinator for the Association of Oregon Counties (AOC). Close

• 49. [Article] Interview with Keith Cubic

  Interview with Keith Cubic by Michael Rupp on March 8, 2016. Keith Cubic has served as the Planning Director for Douglas County, Oregon, since 1978.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Interview with Keith Cubic Author: Cubic, Keith, Rupp, Michael Year: 2017 Interview with Keith Cubic by Michael Rupp on March 8, 2016. Keith Cubic has served as the Planning Director for Douglas County, Oregon, since 1978. Title: Interview with Keith Cubic Author: Cubic, Keith, Rupp, Michael Year: 2017 Interview with Keith Cubic by Michael Rupp on March 8, 2016. Keith Cubic has served as the Planning Director for Douglas County, Oregon, since 1978. Close

• 50. [Article] Interview with Andy Cotugno

  Interview with Andy Cotugno by Sy Adler on March 8, 2016. Andy Cotugno served as planning director at Metro from 1980 to 2008 and as the Metro Council's Senior Policy Advisor from 2008 until his retirement ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Interview with Andy Cotugno Author: Cotugno, Andy, Adler, Sy Year: 2017 Interview with Andy Cotugno by Sy Adler on March 8, 2016. Andy Cotugno served as planning director at Metro from 1980 to 2008 and as the Metro Council's Senior Policy Advisor from 2008 until his retirement in March 2016. Title: Interview with Andy Cotugno Author: Cotugno, Andy, Adler, Sy Year: 2017 Interview with Andy Cotugno by Sy Adler on March 8, 2016. Andy Cotugno served as planning director at Metro from 1980 to 2008 and as the Metro Council's Senior Policy Advisor from 2008 until his retirement in March 2016. Close

• 51. [Article] Interview with Arthur Schlack

  Interview with Arthur Schlack by Dillon Mahmoudi on June 25, 2015. Art Schlack was a planner in Washington County, a comprehensive plan administrator in Clark County, Washington, a planning director in ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Interview with Arthur Schlack Author: Schlack, Arthur, Mahmoudi, Dillon Year: 2015 Interview with Arthur Schlack by Dillon Mahmoudi on June 25, 2015. Art Schlack was a planner in Washington County, a comprehensive plan administrator in Clark County, Washington, a planning director in Polk County, and also served as a planner and policy manager for the Association of Oregon Counties. Title: Interview with Arthur Schlack Author: Schlack, Arthur, Mahmoudi, Dillon Year: 2015 Interview with Arthur Schlack by Dillon Mahmoudi on June 25, 2015. Art Schlack was a planner in Washington County, a comprehensive plan administrator in Clark County, Washington, a planning director in Polk County, and also served as a planner and policy manager for the Association of Oregon Counties. Close

• 52. [Article] Interview with Gene Derfler

  Interview with Gene Derfler by Jim Knight on June 10, 2015. Gene Derfler was an Oregon State Representative from 1988-1994 and an Oregon State Senator from 1994-2002. He also worked in real estate in the ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Interview with Gene Derfler Author: Derfler, Gene, Knight, Jim Year: 2015 Interview with Gene Derfler by Jim Knight on June 10, 2015. Gene Derfler was an Oregon State Representative from 1988-1994 and an Oregon State Senator from 1994-2002. He also worked in real estate in the Salem area and was involved in numerous community organizations. Title: Interview with Gene Derfler Author: Derfler, Gene, Knight, Jim Year: 2015 Interview with Gene Derfler by Jim Knight on June 10, 2015. Gene Derfler was an Oregon State Representative from 1988-1994 and an Oregon State Senator from 1994-2002. He also worked in real estate in the Salem area and was involved in numerous community organizations. Close

• 53. [Article] Interview with Henry Richmond

  Interview with Henry Richmond by Jim Sitzman on June 1, 2015. Henry Richmond co-founded 1000 Friends of Oregon in 1974 and served as the group's first executive director for over 19 years.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Interview with Henry Richmond Author: Richmond, Henry, Sitzman, James Year: 2015 Interview with Henry Richmond by Jim Sitzman on June 1, 2015. Henry Richmond co-founded 1000 Friends of Oregon in 1974 and served as the group's first executive director for over 19 years. Title: Interview with Henry Richmond Author: Richmond, Henry, Sitzman, James Year: 2015 Interview with Henry Richmond by Jim Sitzman on June 1, 2015. Henry Richmond co-founded 1000 Friends of Oregon in 1974 and served as the group's first executive director for over 19 years. Close

• 54. [Article] Interview with Robert Liberty

  Interview with Robert Liberty by Kevin Pozzi on August 13, 2015. Robert Liberty served as staff attorney and as Executive Director of 1000 Friends of Oregon, as an elected Metro Councilor in the Portland ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Interview with Robert Liberty Author: Liberty, Robert, Pozzi, Kevin Year: 2015 Interview with Robert Liberty by Kevin Pozzi on August 13, 2015. Robert Liberty served as staff attorney and as Executive Director of 1000 Friends of Oregon, as an elected Metro Councilor in the Portland region, and as the Director of the Sustainable Cities Initiative at the University of Oregon. Title: Interview with Robert Liberty Author: Liberty, Robert, Pozzi, Kevin Year: 2015 Interview with Robert Liberty by Kevin Pozzi on August 13, 2015. Robert Liberty served as staff attorney and as Executive Director of 1000 Friends of Oregon, as an elected Metro Councilor in the Portland region, and as the Director of the Sustainable Cities Initiative at the University of Oregon. Close

• 55. [Article] Interview with Vic Affolter

  Interview with Vic Affolter by Bob Rindy on July 15, 2015. Vic Affolter served as the Planning and Community Development Director for Tillamook County, Oregon, for twenty years until his retirement in ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Interview with Vic Affolter Author: Affolter, Vic, Rindy, Bob Year: 2015 Interview with Vic Affolter by Bob Rindy on July 15, 2015. Vic Affolter served as the Planning and Community Development Director for Tillamook County, Oregon, for twenty years until his retirement in 2001. Title: Interview with Vic Affolter Author: Affolter, Vic, Rindy, Bob Year: 2015 Interview with Vic Affolter by Bob Rindy on July 15, 2015. Vic Affolter served as the Planning and Community Development Director for Tillamook County, Oregon, for twenty years until his retirement in 2001. Close

• 56. [Article] Interview with John VanLandingham (on Goal 10)

  Interview with John VanLandingham by Jim Irvine in 2017 focused on Goal 10 of Oregon's Statewide Land Use Planning Program. John VanLandingham has served as chair of the Oregon Land Conservation and Development ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Interview with John VanLandingham (on Goal 10) Author: VanLandingham, John, Irvine, Jim Year: 2017 Interview with John VanLandingham by Jim Irvine in 2017 focused on Goal 10 of Oregon's Statewide Land Use Planning Program. John VanLandingham has served as chair of the Oregon Land Conservation and Development Commission, the Eugene Planning Commission, and the Housing Policy Board for Lane County and the cities of Eugene and Springfield. He is a lawyer for the Lane County Legal Aid & Advocacy Center and is active with the Oregon Housing Alliance, the Fair Housing Council of Oregon, and the Network for Oregon Affordable Housing. Title: Interview with John VanLandingham (on Goal 10) Author: VanLandingham, John, Irvine, Jim Year: 2017 Interview with John VanLandingham by Jim Irvine in 2017 focused on Goal 10 of Oregon's Statewide Land Use Planning Program. John VanLandingham has served as chair of the Oregon Land Conservation and Development Commission, the Eugene Planning Commission, and the Housing Policy Board for Lane County and the cities of Eugene and Springfield. He is a lawyer for the Lane County Legal Aid & Advocacy Center and is active with the Oregon Housing Alliance, the Fair Housing Council of Oregon, and the Network for Oregon Affordable Housing. Close

• 57. [Article] A Land Use Network for the Johnson Creek Watershed

  This document presents a design for a Land Use Network. It is a starting point from which to build a network that connects, educates, and motivates stakeholders within the Johnson Creek Watershed to facilitate ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: A Land Use Network for the Johnson Creek Watershed Author: Caldwell, Jessica, Felton, Joyce, Redden, Elisa, Pagenstecher, Gerhard Year: 1998 This document presents a design for a Land Use Network. It is a starting point from which to build a network that connects, educates, and motivates stakeholders within the Johnson Creek Watershed to facilitate effective participation in the land use process. The Johnson Creek Watershed Council contracted the Watershed Network Group (WNG) to design the Network as a mechanism for organizing efforts to promote environmentally sound development throughout the watershed. The Johnson Creek Watershed Council comprises representatives from government, residents, and business organizations with interest in the Johnson Creek Watershed. The need for a Land Use Network within the watershed arose because existing methods of monitoring and managing the effects of development on the watershed are inadequate for meeting current development pressures. Development pressures on the watershed have had negative effects on the watershed environment. Development pressures are expected to increase as expansion of the Urban Growth Boundary makes more land available for development. Currently, each jurisdiction addresses the impacts of development as they occur within its own boundary. However, the Johnson Creek Watershed extends across several jurisdictional boundaries, and environmental impacts are not confined to the jurisdiction of origin. The Johnson Creek Watershed Council was formed in 1992 to monitor and manage impacts across boundaries, on a watershed-wide basis. To operate effectively, the Council needs a way to establish two-way communication among all stakeholders in the watershed. A Land Use Network would help fill that need by providing a focal point for gathering and distributing land-use information. It would organize the information-gathering process, develop educational materials for public distribution, and organize the distribution channels. To develop the Land Use Network plan, the WNG researched the history of the watershed and its regulatory environment, theories of communication, and information on citizen participation networks. The WNG also conducted interviews and focus groups with current stakeholders to help clarify issues and identify communication needs that a Land Use Network might address. Finally, the WNG outlines a proposal for the Land Use Network. The proposal begins with a Network Structure diagram that illustrates the main elements of the Network Proposal. The elements of the Network Structure show how the Network can function effectively in the land use planning process. The issues, recommendations and actions provide methods for implementation for each element of the Network Structure. Finally, a summary of recommended actions shows the short-term, ongoing, and long-term implementation actions for the Network. This project was conducted under the supervision of Deborah Howe and Connie Ozawa. Title: A Land Use Network for the Johnson Creek Watershed Author: Caldwell, Jessica, Felton, Joyce, Redden, Elisa, Pagenstecher, Gerhard Year: 1998 This document presents a design for a Land Use Network. It is a starting point from which to build a network that connects, educates, and motivates stakeholders within the Johnson Creek Watershed to facilitate effective participation in the land use process. The Johnson Creek Watershed Council contracted the Watershed Network Group (WNG) to design the Network as a mechanism for organizing efforts to promote environmentally sound development throughout the watershed. The Johnson Creek Watershed Council comprises representatives from government, residents, and business organizations with interest in the Johnson Creek Watershed. The need for a Land Use Network within the watershed arose because existing methods of monitoring and managing the effects of development on the watershed are inadequate for meeting current development pressures. Development pressures on the watershed have had negative effects on the watershed environment. Development pressures are expected to increase as expansion of the Urban Growth Boundary makes more land available for development. Currently, each jurisdiction addresses the impacts of development as they occur within its own boundary. However, the Johnson Creek Watershed extends across several jurisdictional boundaries, and environmental impacts are not confined to the jurisdiction of origin. The Johnson Creek Watershed Council was formed in 1992 to monitor and manage impacts across boundaries, on a watershed-wide basis. To operate effectively, the Council needs a way to establish two-way communication among all stakeholders in the watershed. A Land Use Network would help fill that need by providing a focal point for gathering and distributing land-use information. It would organize the information-gathering process, develop educational materials for public distribution, and organize the distribution channels. To develop the Land Use Network plan, the WNG researched the history of the watershed and its regulatory environment, theories of communication, and information on citizen participation networks. The WNG also conducted interviews and focus groups with current stakeholders to help clarify issues and identify communication needs that a Land Use Network might address. Finally, the WNG outlines a proposal for the Land Use Network. The proposal begins with a Network Structure diagram that illustrates the main elements of the Network Proposal. The elements of the Network Structure show how the Network can function effectively in the land use planning process. The issues, recommendations and actions provide methods for implementation for each element of the Network Structure. Finally, a summary of recommended actions shows the short-term, ongoing, and long-term implementation actions for the Network. This project was conducted under the supervision of Deborah Howe and Connie Ozawa. Close

• 58. [Article] The Antiquities Act of 1906 : The Public Response to the Use of Presidential Power in Managing Public Lands

  President Clinton created Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument on September 17, 1996. The Antiquities Act of 1906 gives the president power to establish national monuments on public lands through ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The Antiquities Act of 1906 : The Public Response to the Use of Presidential Power in Managing Public Lands Author: Grover, Barbara L. Year: 1998 President Clinton created Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument on September 17, 1996. The Antiquities Act of 1906 gives the president power to establish national monuments on public lands through presidential proclamation. The Act has been used to create national monuments in places such as Muir Woods, Grand Canyon, Mount Olympus, Jackson Hole, and the 1978 Alaskan d-2 lands. Its use has also produced negative public response, manifested as demonstrations, lawsuits, and congressional bills. In spite of significant legal and legislative challenges, the Antiquities Act and most of the monuments established through its use remain. The negative public response to the Act and the monuments has not been able to dissuade presidents from using executive authority. In each of the controversial cases the scope of the Antiquities Act was expanded in regards to the values being protected, monument size, or land use. The public had little influence in reversing that expansion. The Antiquities Act was designed as a tool to provide protection to threatened lands. It has protected federal lands, and in many cases the national interest. The historic and scientific values of once controversial monuments such as the Grand Canyon, Muir Woods Mount Olympus, Jackson Hole, and the d-2 lands, are now indisputable. These monuments have evolved to represent part of our natural national heritage. Only time will tell if the same can be said for Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument. Title: The Antiquities Act of 1906 : The Public Response to the Use of Presidential Power in Managing Public Lands Author: Grover, Barbara L. Year: 1998 President Clinton created Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument on September 17, 1996. The Antiquities Act of 1906 gives the president power to establish national monuments on public lands through presidential proclamation. The Act has been used to create national monuments in places such as Muir Woods, Grand Canyon, Mount Olympus, Jackson Hole, and the 1978 Alaskan d-2 lands. Its use has also produced negative public response, manifested as demonstrations, lawsuits, and congressional bills. In spite of significant legal and legislative challenges, the Antiquities Act and most of the monuments established through its use remain. The negative public response to the Act and the monuments has not been able to dissuade presidents from using executive authority. In each of the controversial cases the scope of the Antiquities Act was expanded in regards to the values being protected, monument size, or land use. The public had little influence in reversing that expansion. The Antiquities Act was designed as a tool to provide protection to threatened lands. It has protected federal lands, and in many cases the national interest. The historic and scientific values of once controversial monuments such as the Grand Canyon, Muir Woods Mount Olympus, Jackson Hole, and the d-2 lands, are now indisputable. These monuments have evolved to represent part of our natural national heritage. Only time will tell if the same can be said for Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument. Close

• 59. [Article] Is There Still a Need for the Special Assessment Program Within Oregon's Current Land-Use System?

  Based on the research completed to date regarding the various components of the Oregon farmland preservation program, one question begs to be asked: "Is there still a need for the Special Assessment Program ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Is There Still a Need for the Special Assessment Program Within Oregon's Current Land-Use System? Author: Brooks, David R. Year: 1999 Based on the research completed to date regarding the various components of the Oregon farmland preservation program, one question begs to be asked: "Is there still a need for the Special Assessment Program within Oregon's current land use planning system?" This paper is an attempt to assess the role of the Special Assessment Program in the context of the overall land use planning system in Oregon. It is my contention that the Special Assessment Program no longer plays a meaningful role in the movement to preserve land in the rural areas of the state. Also, it may actually have perverse effects on the market for land in Oregon's urban areas. I believe that the state's much-heralded farmland protection program can continue to be effective at preserving land without the tax incentive component. Finally, I believe that the citizens of Oregon would be made better off by ending the program. The paper will begin with a brief discussion of farmland loss and the various programs used to prevent that loss. Next, there will be a review of the history and legislative intent behind both the Special Assessment Program and the statewide land use planning system. This will be followed by a demonstration of how both the Assessment Program and the planning system interact. Finally, based on the analysis of their effectiveness together and apart, I will recommend that the state government should phase out the Special Assessment Program. Title: Is There Still a Need for the Special Assessment Program Within Oregon's Current Land-Use System? Author: Brooks, David R. Year: 1999 Based on the research completed to date regarding the various components of the Oregon farmland preservation program, one question begs to be asked: "Is there still a need for the Special Assessment Program within Oregon's current land use planning system?" This paper is an attempt to assess the role of the Special Assessment Program in the context of the overall land use planning system in Oregon. It is my contention that the Special Assessment Program no longer plays a meaningful role in the movement to preserve land in the rural areas of the state. Also, it may actually have perverse effects on the market for land in Oregon's urban areas. I believe that the state's much-heralded farmland protection program can continue to be effective at preserving land without the tax incentive component. Finally, I believe that the citizens of Oregon would be made better off by ending the program. The paper will begin with a brief discussion of farmland loss and the various programs used to prevent that loss. Next, there will be a review of the history and legislative intent behind both the Special Assessment Program and the statewide land use planning system. This will be followed by a demonstration of how both the Assessment Program and the planning system interact. Finally, based on the analysis of their effectiveness together and apart, I will recommend that the state government should phase out the Special Assessment Program. Close

• 60. [Article] The Politics of Land-Use Law in Oregon: Senate Bill 100, Twenty Years After

  Describes the genesis of Oregon Senate Bill 100, 1973, and includes excerpts from a roundtable discussion by four men who were instrumental in creating the bill. The four men are Hector Macpherson, Ted ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The Politics of Land-Use Law in Oregon: Senate Bill 100, Twenty Years After Author: Abbott, Carl Year: 1993 Describes the genesis of Oregon Senate Bill 100, 1973, and includes excerpts from a roundtable discussion by four men who were instrumental in creating the bill. The four men are Hector Macpherson, Ted Hallock, Stafford Hansel, and Henry Richmond. The bill called for an institutional structure for statewide land-use planning. Title: The Politics of Land-Use Law in Oregon: Senate Bill 100, Twenty Years After Author: Abbott, Carl Year: 1993 Describes the genesis of Oregon Senate Bill 100, 1973, and includes excerpts from a roundtable discussion by four men who were instrumental in creating the bill. The four men are Hector Macpherson, Ted Hallock, Stafford Hansel, and Henry Richmond. The bill called for an institutional structure for statewide land-use planning. Close

• 61. [Article] Politics of land use : the lengthy saga of Senate bill 100

  Theoretical literature on the politics of land use is so limited that original research into the problem was required. The drafting and enactment of Senate Bill 100 by the Fifty-seventh Session of the ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Politics of land use : the lengthy saga of Senate bill 100 Author: Zachary, Kathleen Joan Year: 1978 Theoretical literature on the politics of land use is so limited that original research into the problem was required. The drafting and enactment of Senate Bill 100 by the Fifty-seventh Session of the Oregon Legislature provided the basis for researching my premise of need equals want. The bill designated state land use planning organizational structure. The Land Use Policy Committee minutes and Legislative minutes were merged with information attained through personal interviews from a variety of participants in the drafting of the Senate Bill 100. Theoretical literature was equally available in Public Administration, Law and Land Use Planning. The Constitutions of the United States and the State of Oregon plus the Oregon Revised Statutes were fundamental in the research. The research material on the politics of land use was found by sifting through public and private records and four separate libraries: Oregon State Archives, the Oregon State Law Library, Multnomah County Law Library and Portland State University Library. Personal interviews provided valuable additional data. The politics of land use is the lengthy saga of the enactment of Senate Bill 100 (1973) by the Oregon Legislature. It is the story of the bill’s conception, conflicts and compromises. The Land Use Policy Committee (LUPC), Created and chaired by State Senator Hector Macpherson, drafted the original SB 100 in 1972, which was assigned to the Oregon Senate Environment and Land Use Committee (SELUC) in January, 1973. The LUPC bill was designed of, by and for proponents of land use planning. When the opponents to the planning concept were heard by the SELUC, need vs. want made passage of Senate Bill 100 a political impossibility. The issues that surfaced generated a series of conflicts which required political compromises. In addition to the primary conflict, need vs. want, there were provocations concerning localism vs. regionalism; economy vs. environment and who holds what reins of power. The Drafting Subcommittee of the Ad Hoc Committee of the SELUC made six significant changed in SB 100 to insure legislative enactment of the bill in 1973. The changes, while resolving most of the conflicts, still did not equate need and want, so the SELUC added a Statement of Legislative Intent, not to SB 100, but to the Senate Journal as a limit on administrative power. The last political compromise was made during the Senate Floor Debate on SB 100 when the emergency clause was removed from the bill. To all intents and purposed, need equaled want with Senate passage. Title: Politics of land use : the lengthy saga of Senate bill 100 Author: Zachary, Kathleen Joan Year: 1978 Theoretical literature on the politics of land use is so limited that original research into the problem was required. The drafting and enactment of Senate Bill 100 by the Fifty-seventh Session of the Oregon Legislature provided the basis for researching my premise of need equals want. The bill designated state land use planning organizational structure. The Land Use Policy Committee minutes and Legislative minutes were merged with information attained through personal interviews from a variety of participants in the drafting of the Senate Bill 100. Theoretical literature was equally available in Public Administration, Law and Land Use Planning. The Constitutions of the United States and the State of Oregon plus the Oregon Revised Statutes were fundamental in the research. The research material on the politics of land use was found by sifting through public and private records and four separate libraries: Oregon State Archives, the Oregon State Law Library, Multnomah County Law Library and Portland State University Library. Personal interviews provided valuable additional data. The politics of land use is the lengthy saga of the enactment of Senate Bill 100 (1973) by the Oregon Legislature. It is the story of the bill’s conception, conflicts and compromises. The Land Use Policy Committee (LUPC), Created and chaired by State Senator Hector Macpherson, drafted the original SB 100 in 1972, which was assigned to the Oregon Senate Environment and Land Use Committee (SELUC) in January, 1973. The LUPC bill was designed of, by and for proponents of land use planning. When the opponents to the planning concept were heard by the SELUC, need vs. want made passage of Senate Bill 100 a political impossibility. The issues that surfaced generated a series of conflicts which required political compromises. In addition to the primary conflict, need vs. want, there were provocations concerning localism vs. regionalism; economy vs. environment and who holds what reins of power. The Drafting Subcommittee of the Ad Hoc Committee of the SELUC made six significant changed in SB 100 to insure legislative enactment of the bill in 1973. The changes, while resolving most of the conflicts, still did not equate need and want, so the SELUC added a Statement of Legislative Intent, not to SB 100, but to the Senate Journal as a limit on administrative power. The last political compromise was made during the Senate Floor Debate on SB 100 when the emergency clause was removed from the bill. To all intents and purposed, need equaled want with Senate passage. Close

• 62. [Article] Interview with Chief Justice Wallace P. Carson, Jr.

  Interview with Chief Justice Wallace P. Carson, Jr. by Katherine Daniels on July 1, 2015. Chief Justice Wallace Carson was the longest-serving Chief Justice on the Oregon Supreme Court (fourteen years, ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Interview with Chief Justice Wallace P. Carson, Jr. Author: Carson, Wallace P., Jr., Daniels, Katherine Year: 2015 Interview with Chief Justice Wallace P. Carson, Jr. by Katherine Daniels on July 1, 2015. Chief Justice Wallace Carson was the longest-serving Chief Justice on the Oregon Supreme Court (fourteen years, 1991-2005). He served two terms in the Oregon House of Representatives and was an Oregon Senator from 1970-77. He helped to pass the Oregon bottle bill, greenway bill, and other land use legislation. Title: Interview with Chief Justice Wallace P. Carson, Jr. Author: Carson, Wallace P., Jr., Daniels, Katherine Year: 2015 Interview with Chief Justice Wallace P. Carson, Jr. by Katherine Daniels on July 1, 2015. Chief Justice Wallace Carson was the longest-serving Chief Justice on the Oregon Supreme Court (fourteen years, 1991-2005). He served two terms in the Oregon House of Representatives and was an Oregon Senator from 1970-77. He helped to pass the Oregon bottle bill, greenway bill, and other land use legislation. Close

• 63. [Article] Making Lives, Changing a Landscape: An Environmental History of the Tualatin Valley, Washington County, Oregon

  Sheltered by mountains on all sides, the 724-square mile Tualatin Valley has been home to successive groups of people who have shaped the landscape based on their needs, tools, and ideas about the human ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Making Lives, Changing a Landscape: An Environmental History of the Tualatin Valley, Washington County, Oregon Author: Cope, Camille A. Year: 2012 Sheltered by mountains on all sides, the 724-square mile Tualatin Valley has been home to successive groups of people who have shaped the landscape based on their needs, tools, and ideas about the human relationship to nature. Thousands of years of indigenous burning practices and cultivation of native plants, followed by two centuries of European-American fur trapping, agriculture, logging, and urbanization have created the Tualatin Valley landscape of today. Understanding how a history of changing land use has affected the region is integral to building an environmentally sustainable future. Title: Making Lives, Changing a Landscape: An Environmental History of the Tualatin Valley, Washington County, Oregon Author: Cope, Camille A. Year: 2012 Sheltered by mountains on all sides, the 724-square mile Tualatin Valley has been home to successive groups of people who have shaped the landscape based on their needs, tools, and ideas about the human relationship to nature. Thousands of years of indigenous burning practices and cultivation of native plants, followed by two centuries of European-American fur trapping, agriculture, logging, and urbanization have created the Tualatin Valley landscape of today. Understanding how a history of changing land use has affected the region is integral to building an environmentally sustainable future. Close

• 64. [Article] Interview with Dale Blanton

  Dale Blanton was interviewed by Bob Rindy and Jim Knight on June 13, 2017. Dale Blanton served as the Oregon Department of Land Conservation and Development’s senior coastal policy analyst and as the Federal ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Interview with Dale Blanton Author: Blanton, Dale, Rindy, Bob, Knight, James Year: 2017 Dale Blanton was interviewed by Bob Rindy and Jim Knight on June 13, 2017. Dale Blanton served as the Oregon Department of Land Conservation and Development’s senior coastal policy analyst and as the Federal Program Officer for the agency’s Coastal Management Program. He was the principal policy advisor to coastal planners, state agencies, and local governments, especially on statewide planning goals 16 (Estuarine Resources), 17 (Coastal Shorelands), and 18 (Beaches and Dunes), and monitored the effects of state and federal legislative actions on coastal policies and programs. Prior to his twenty-six-year career with DLCD, Blanton worked as a natural resource agency coordinator for the Oregon Dispute Resolution Commission. He retired from DLCD in 2011. Title: Interview with Dale Blanton Author: Blanton, Dale, Rindy, Bob, Knight, James Year: 2017 Dale Blanton was interviewed by Bob Rindy and Jim Knight on June 13, 2017. Dale Blanton served as the Oregon Department of Land Conservation and Development’s senior coastal policy analyst and as the Federal Program Officer for the agency’s Coastal Management Program. He was the principal policy advisor to coastal planners, state agencies, and local governments, especially on statewide planning goals 16 (Estuarine Resources), 17 (Coastal Shorelands), and 18 (Beaches and Dunes), and monitored the effects of state and federal legislative actions on coastal policies and programs. Prior to his twenty-six-year career with DLCD, Blanton worked as a natural resource agency coordinator for the Oregon Dispute Resolution Commission. He retired from DLCD in 2011. Close

• 65. [Article] Interview with James Sitzman

  Interview with James Sitzman by Kevin Pozzi on August 27, 2015. Jim Sitzman worked with Metro and its predecessor, the Columbia Region Association of Governments (CRAG), where he assisted in drawing the ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Interview with James Sitzman Author: Sitzman, James, Pozzi, Kevin Year: 2015 Interview with James Sitzman by Kevin Pozzi on August 27, 2015. Jim Sitzman worked with Metro and its predecessor, the Columbia Region Association of Governments (CRAG), where he assisted in drawing the first urban growth boundary around the Portland metropolitan area. He also served as a field representative for the Oregon Department of Land Conservation and Development. Title: Interview with James Sitzman Author: Sitzman, James, Pozzi, Kevin Year: 2015 Interview with James Sitzman by Kevin Pozzi on August 27, 2015. Jim Sitzman worked with Metro and its predecessor, the Columbia Region Association of Governments (CRAG), where he assisted in drawing the first urban growth boundary around the Portland metropolitan area. He also served as a field representative for the Oregon Department of Land Conservation and Development. Close

• 66. [Article] Interview with Jim Labbe, Portland Audubon Society, 2011

  Interview of Jim Labbe by Tony Smith on March 11th, 2011. The interview index is available for download.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Interview with Jim Labbe, Portland Audubon Society, 2011 Author: Labbe, Jim Year: 2011 Interview of Jim Labbe by Tony Smith on March 11th, 2011. The interview index is available for download. Title: Interview with Jim Labbe, Portland Audubon Society, 2011 Author: Labbe, Jim Year: 2011 Interview of Jim Labbe by Tony Smith on March 11th, 2011. The interview index is available for download. Close

• 67. [Article] Exhuming Measure 7

  A review of Oregon's Measure 7 ballot initiative, its history, and future impacts. The measure, which was on the state ballot in 2000, was the most sweeping property rights measure ever seen in this country's ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Exhuming Measure 7 Author: Buchanan, Yvonne Year: 2001 A review of Oregon's Measure 7 ballot initiative, its history, and future impacts. The measure, which was on the state ballot in 2000, was the most sweeping property rights measure ever seen in this country's history. Although the measure passed, it was later ruled unconstitutional, and was being reformulated for inclusion in the upcoming November election. Title: Exhuming Measure 7 Author: Buchanan, Yvonne Year: 2001 A review of Oregon's Measure 7 ballot initiative, its history, and future impacts. The measure, which was on the state ballot in 2000, was the most sweeping property rights measure ever seen in this country's history. Although the measure passed, it was later ruled unconstitutional, and was being reformulated for inclusion in the upcoming November election. Close

• 68. [Article] Interview with Rick Bastasch

  Rick Bastasch was interviewed by Michael Rupp and Jim Knight on May 10, 2017. A lifelong Oregonian, Rick Bastasch is the author of "The Oregon Water Handbook" (Oregon State University Press, 2006). He ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Interview with Rick Bastasch Author: Bastasch, Rick, Rupp, Michael, Knight, James Year: 2017 Rick Bastasch was interviewed by Michael Rupp and Jim Knight on May 10, 2017. A lifelong Oregonian, Rick Bastasch is the author of "The Oregon Water Handbook" (Oregon State University Press, 2006). He worked with the Oregon Water Resources Department for over a decade, specializing in river basin planning, intergovernmental coordination, public information, and legislative analysis. He has also led recent efforts to conserve and restore the Willamette River. Title: Interview with Rick Bastasch Author: Bastasch, Rick, Rupp, Michael, Knight, James Year: 2017 Rick Bastasch was interviewed by Michael Rupp and Jim Knight on May 10, 2017. A lifelong Oregonian, Rick Bastasch is the author of "The Oregon Water Handbook" (Oregon State University Press, 2006). He worked with the Oregon Water Resources Department for over a decade, specializing in river basin planning, intergovernmental coordination, public information, and legislative analysis. He has also led recent efforts to conserve and restore the Willamette River. Close

• 69. [Article] Interview with Fred VanNatta

  Interview with Fred VanNatta by Bob Rindy on June 25, 2015. Fred VanNatta began his career as a campaign staffer for two presidential candidates and as an aide to the Oregon House Speaker during the 1965 ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Interview with Fred VanNatta Author: VanNatta, Fred, Rindy, Bob Year: 2015 Interview with Fred VanNatta by Bob Rindy on June 25, 2015. Fred VanNatta began his career as a campaign staffer for two presidential candidates and as an aide to the Oregon House Speaker during the 1965 and 1967 legislature. As a political lobbyist from 1969 on, his clients included the Oregon State Homebuilders Association and the Association of Engineering Employees of Oregon. Title: Interview with Fred VanNatta Author: VanNatta, Fred, Rindy, Bob Year: 2015 Interview with Fred VanNatta by Bob Rindy on June 25, 2015. Fred VanNatta began his career as a campaign staffer for two presidential candidates and as an aide to the Oregon House Speaker during the 1965 and 1967 legislature. As a political lobbyist from 1969 on, his clients included the Oregon State Homebuilders Association and the Association of Engineering Employees of Oregon. Close

• 70. [Article] Interview with Ronald and Jane Cease

  Interview with Ronald and Jane Cease by James (Jim) Sitzman on June 18, 2015. Ron Cease was invited to teach at Portland State University in 1966, where he founded the university's Public Administration ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Interview with Ronald and Jane Cease Author: Cease, Ronald, Cease, Jane, Sitzman, James Year: 2015 Interview with Ronald and Jane Cease by James (Jim) Sitzman on June 18, 2015. Ron Cease was invited to teach at Portland State University in 1966, where he founded the university's Public Administration program in 1976. Jane Cease was elected to the Oregon House of Representatives in 1978 and was re-elected in 1980. Ron won a seat in the Oregon House in 1984, the same year that Jane was elected to the Oregon Senate. Title: Interview with Ronald and Jane Cease Author: Cease, Ronald, Cease, Jane, Sitzman, James Year: 2015 Interview with Ronald and Jane Cease by James (Jim) Sitzman on June 18, 2015. Ron Cease was invited to teach at Portland State University in 1966, where he founded the university's Public Administration program in 1976. Jane Cease was elected to the Oregon House of Representatives in 1978 and was re-elected in 1980. Ron won a seat in the Oregon House in 1984, the same year that Jane was elected to the Oregon Senate. Close

• 71. [Article] Interview with Ward Armstrong

  Interview with Ward Armstrong by Michael Rupp on May 18, 2015. Ward Armstrong was a lobbyist and public policy specialist who worked as Director of the Association of Oregon Counties in Salem in the early ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Interview with Ward Armstrong Author: Armstrong, Ward, Rupp, Michael Year: 2015 Interview with Ward Armstrong by Michael Rupp on May 18, 2015. Ward Armstrong was a lobbyist and public policy specialist who worked as Director of the Association of Oregon Counties in Salem in the early 1960s and as Oregon Director of Governmental Affairs for the Weyerhauser Corporation between 1966-86. Between 1986 -94, he was the Executive Director of the Oregon Forest Council. Title: Interview with Ward Armstrong Author: Armstrong, Ward, Rupp, Michael Year: 2015 Interview with Ward Armstrong by Michael Rupp on May 18, 2015. Ward Armstrong was a lobbyist and public policy specialist who worked as Director of the Association of Oregon Counties in Salem in the early 1960s and as Oregon Director of Governmental Affairs for the Weyerhauser Corporation between 1966-86. Between 1986 -94, he was the Executive Director of the Oregon Forest Council. Close

• 72. [Article] People of Snowy Mountain, People of the River: A Multi-Agency Ethnographic Overview and Compendium Relating to Tribes Associated with Clark County, Nevada

  The current document has been undertaken to assist agencies in meeting their obligations for federally mandated compliance and consultation with Indian tribes that have historical associations with Clark ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: People of Snowy Mountain, People of the River: A Multi-Agency Ethnographic Overview and Compendium Relating to Tribes Associated with Clark County, Nevada Author: Deur, Douglas, Confer, Deborah Year: 2012 The current document has been undertaken to assist agencies in meeting their obligations for federally mandated compliance and consultation with Indian tribes that have historical associations with Clark County. The document has been designed in part to provide an overview of the territorial associations of various tribes with ties to this area. This is accomplished using ethnohistorical documentation as well key legal documents, such as treaty language and Indian Claims Commission findings, that establish parameters for agency consultation responsibilities. Managers of Clark County’s federal lands have been eager to identify those tribes that are tied to the area in various ways – from those tribes who have long resided on these lands, to those who value this place but seldom if ever visit. Cumulatively, this research suggests ties between particular tribes and particular agency lands that may serve as a background reference for tribal and agency staff alike as they seek to understand Clark County’s tribal history and to protect cultural resources of mutual concern. Title: People of Snowy Mountain, People of the River: A Multi-Agency Ethnographic Overview and Compendium Relating to Tribes Associated with Clark County, Nevada Author: Deur, Douglas, Confer, Deborah Year: 2012 The current document has been undertaken to assist agencies in meeting their obligations for federally mandated compliance and consultation with Indian tribes that have historical associations with Clark County. The document has been designed in part to provide an overview of the territorial associations of various tribes with ties to this area. This is accomplished using ethnohistorical documentation as well key legal documents, such as treaty language and Indian Claims Commission findings, that establish parameters for agency consultation responsibilities. Managers of Clark County’s federal lands have been eager to identify those tribes that are tied to the area in various ways – from those tribes who have long resided on these lands, to those who value this place but seldom if ever visit. Cumulatively, this research suggests ties between particular tribes and particular agency lands that may serve as a background reference for tribal and agency staff alike as they seek to understand Clark County’s tribal history and to protect cultural resources of mutual concern. Close

• 73. [Article] Bridal Veil Mill Site: A Plan for Restoration

  Founded in 1972, the Trust for Public Land (TPL) is a national non-profit organization that works to protect land for its natural, scenic, and recreational values as parks and open space. One way that ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Bridal Veil Mill Site: A Plan for Restoration Author: Barnett, Bruce, Friday, Richard, Freeston, Elizabeth, Porter, Raef, Shiels, Laurie Year: 2002 Founded in 1972, the Trust for Public Land (TPL) is a national non-profit organization that works to protect land for its natural, scenic, and recreational values as parks and open space. One way that TPL accomplishes this is through holding property temporarily until the land can be permanently protected by a government agency or a community land trust. In 1990, TPL purchased a 34-acre property located near Bridal Veil Falls in the Columbia River Gorge. The Bridal Veil mill site property has a lengthy history dating back to 1886. The site was first used for a paper mill. Later, a milling operation received rough-cut timbers from a lumber mill high in the surrounding forests and remilled it into a finished product. It was then transported to market by boat or train . Over the next century the site would see different owners and uses, mainly related to mill operations. Since 1990, the land has remained largely unused and under the ownership of TPL. In keeping with its mission, TPL wants to see the Bridal Veil mill site transferred to an owner that would ensure its restoration and preservation. Students enrolled in the 2002 Master of Urban and Regional Planning (MURP) Workshop at Portland State University (PSU) worked with TPL to develop a future vision for the site. This document presents one possible restoration plan that incorporates unique features of the site for the enjoyment of those who live in and visit the area. The restoration plan reviews the existing conditions, examines opportunities and constraints, considers the regulatory guidelines, and offers specific strategies for the site's restoration. The plan incorporates natural, scenic, recreational, and historic elements. It is hoped that those who ultimately own the property and who are entrusted with its welfare will look at this document, use the research that has been compiled, and consider the proposed restoration plan that has resulted from this effort. Title: Bridal Veil Mill Site: A Plan for Restoration Author: Barnett, Bruce, Friday, Richard, Freeston, Elizabeth, Porter, Raef, Shiels, Laurie Year: 2002 Founded in 1972, the Trust for Public Land (TPL) is a national non-profit organization that works to protect land for its natural, scenic, and recreational values as parks and open space. One way that TPL accomplishes this is through holding property temporarily until the land can be permanently protected by a government agency or a community land trust. In 1990, TPL purchased a 34-acre property located near Bridal Veil Falls in the Columbia River Gorge. The Bridal Veil mill site property has a lengthy history dating back to 1886. The site was first used for a paper mill. Later, a milling operation received rough-cut timbers from a lumber mill high in the surrounding forests and remilled it into a finished product. It was then transported to market by boat or train . Over the next century the site would see different owners and uses, mainly related to mill operations. Since 1990, the land has remained largely unused and under the ownership of TPL. In keeping with its mission, TPL wants to see the Bridal Veil mill site transferred to an owner that would ensure its restoration and preservation. Students enrolled in the 2002 Master of Urban and Regional Planning (MURP) Workshop at Portland State University (PSU) worked with TPL to develop a future vision for the site. This document presents one possible restoration plan that incorporates unique features of the site for the enjoyment of those who live in and visit the area. The restoration plan reviews the existing conditions, examines opportunities and constraints, considers the regulatory guidelines, and offers specific strategies for the site's restoration. The plan incorporates natural, scenic, recreational, and historic elements. It is hoped that those who ultimately own the property and who are entrusted with its welfare will look at this document, use the research that has been compiled, and consider the proposed restoration plan that has resulted from this effort. Close

• 74. [Article] The genesis of Portland's Forest Park : evolution of an urban wilderness

  Portland, Oregon, is steward to a 5,126 acre wilderness park called Forest Park. The park's size and proximity to downtown make it a dominate feature of Portland's skyline. Despite its urban location the ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The genesis of Portland's Forest Park : evolution of an urban wilderness Author: Provost, Elizabeth M. Year: 2009 Portland, Oregon, is steward to a 5,126 acre wilderness park called Forest Park. The park's size and proximity to downtown make it a dominate feature of Portland's skyline. Despite its urban location the park provides respite from city life with its seventy miles of trails, which wind through stands of Douglas fir, western red cedar, and western hemlock. Portland citizens enjoy this easy access to nature as well as the park's health and environmental benefits. Title: The genesis of Portland's Forest Park : evolution of an urban wilderness Author: Provost, Elizabeth M. Year: 2009 Portland, Oregon, is steward to a 5,126 acre wilderness park called Forest Park. The park's size and proximity to downtown make it a dominate feature of Portland's skyline. Despite its urban location the park provides respite from city life with its seventy miles of trails, which wind through stands of Douglas fir, western red cedar, and western hemlock. Portland citizens enjoy this easy access to nature as well as the park's health and environmental benefits. Close

• 75. [Article] Settlement Patterns in the Portland Region: A Historical Overview

  Cities exist because they serve two basic functions--to generate economic value and to sustain social and cultural values. In the most fundamental sense, the interaction of these two urban roles determines ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Settlement Patterns in the Portland Region: A Historical Overview Author: Abbott, Carl Year: 1994 Cities exist because they serve two basic functions--to generate economic value and to sustain social and cultural values. In the most fundamental sense, the interaction of these two urban roles determines the growth of metropolitan areas and patterns of land use and settlement within those urban areas. Within this framework of metropolitan functions, five factors have strongly affected American urban settlement patterns. The first section of this report briefly introduces these broad forces. The central section traces in detail the ways in which the factors have shaped settlement and land use in the Portland area over the last 150 years. The concluding section suggests new ways in which these five basic factors may operate in the coming decades and briefly analyzes possible new effects on the region's settlement patterns. Title: Settlement Patterns in the Portland Region: A Historical Overview Author: Abbott, Carl Year: 1994 Cities exist because they serve two basic functions--to generate economic value and to sustain social and cultural values. In the most fundamental sense, the interaction of these two urban roles determines the growth of metropolitan areas and patterns of land use and settlement within those urban areas. Within this framework of metropolitan functions, five factors have strongly affected American urban settlement patterns. The first section of this report briefly introduces these broad forces. The central section traces in detail the ways in which the factors have shaped settlement and land use in the Portland area over the last 150 years. The concluding section suggests new ways in which these five basic factors may operate in the coming decades and briefly analyzes possible new effects on the region's settlement patterns. Close

• 76. [Article] Relationships Between Environmental Governance and Water Quality in a Growing Metropolitan Area of the Pacific Northwest, USA

  We investigate relationships between environmental governance and water quality in two adjacent growing metropolitan areas in the western US. While the Portland, Oregon and Vancouver, Washington metro ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Relationships Between Environmental Governance and Water Quality in a Growing Metropolitan Area of the Pacific Northwest, USA Author: Chang, Heejun, Thiers, Paul R., Netusil, Noelwah R., Yeakley, J. Alan, Rollwagen-Bollens, Gretchen, Bollens, Steve, Singh, Sonia Year: 2014 We investigate relationships between environmental governance and water quality in two adjacent growing metropolitan areas in the western US. While the Portland, Oregon and Vancouver, Washington metro areas share many common biophysical characteristics, they have different land development histories and water governance structures, providing a unique opportunity for examining how differences in governance might affect environmental quality. We conceptualize possible linkages in which water quality influences governance directly, using monitoring efforts as a metric, and indirectly by using the change in the sale price of single-family residential properties. Governance may then influence water quality directly through riparian restoration resulting from monitoring results and indirectly through land use policy.We investigate evidence to substantiate these linkages. Our results showed that changes in monitoring regimes and land development patterns differed in response to differences in growth management policy and environmental governance systems. Our results also showed similarities in environmental quality responses to varying governance systems. For example, we found that sales prices responded positively to improved water quality (e.g., increases in DO and reductions in bacteria counts) in both cities. Furthermore, riparian restoration efforts improved over time for both cities, indicating the positive effect of governance on this land-based resource that may result in improved water quality. However, as of yet, there were no substantial differences across study areas in water temperature over time, despite an expansion of these urban areas of more than 20%over 24 years. The mechanisms by which water quality was maintained was similar in the sense that both cities benefited from riparian restoration, but different in the sense that Portland benefited indirectly from land use policy. A combination of long-term legacy effects of land development, and a relatively short history of riparian restoration in both the Portland and Vancouver regions, may have masked any subtle differences between study areas. An alternative explanation is that both cities exhibited combinations of positive indirect and direct water quality governance that resulted in maintenance of water quality in the face of increased urban growth. These findings suggest that a much longer-term water quality monitoring effort is needed to identify the effectiveness of alternative land development and water governance policies Title: Relationships Between Environmental Governance and Water Quality in a Growing Metropolitan Area of the Pacific Northwest, USA Author: Chang, Heejun, Thiers, Paul R., Netusil, Noelwah R., Yeakley, J. Alan, Rollwagen-Bollens, Gretchen, Bollens, Steve, Singh, Sonia Year: 2014 We investigate relationships between environmental governance and water quality in two adjacent growing metropolitan areas in the western US. While the Portland, Oregon and Vancouver, Washington metro areas share many common biophysical characteristics, they have different land development histories and water governance structures, providing a unique opportunity for examining how differences in governance might affect environmental quality. We conceptualize possible linkages in which water quality influences governance directly, using monitoring efforts as a metric, and indirectly by using the change in the sale price of single-family residential properties. Governance may then influence water quality directly through riparian restoration resulting from monitoring results and indirectly through land use policy.We investigate evidence to substantiate these linkages. Our results showed that changes in monitoring regimes and land development patterns differed in response to differences in growth management policy and environmental governance systems. Our results also showed similarities in environmental quality responses to varying governance systems. For example, we found that sales prices responded positively to improved water quality (e.g., increases in DO and reductions in bacteria counts) in both cities. Furthermore, riparian restoration efforts improved over time for both cities, indicating the positive effect of governance on this land-based resource that may result in improved water quality. However, as of yet, there were no substantial differences across study areas in water temperature over time, despite an expansion of these urban areas of more than 20%over 24 years. The mechanisms by which water quality was maintained was similar in the sense that both cities benefited from riparian restoration, but different in the sense that Portland benefited indirectly from land use policy. A combination of long-term legacy effects of land development, and a relatively short history of riparian restoration in both the Portland and Vancouver regions, may have masked any subtle differences between study areas. An alternative explanation is that both cities exhibited combinations of positive indirect and direct water quality governance that resulted in maintenance of water quality in the face of increased urban growth. These findings suggest that a much longer-term water quality monitoring effort is needed to identify the effectiveness of alternative land development and water governance policies Close

• 77. [Article] Touring The Ancient West: Archaeological Interpretation in Nuwuvi (Southern Paiute) Homelands

  Reconciling stewardship and recreational access to public lands is particularly problematic at sites of archaeological and spiritual significance. This poster details the development of a methodology to ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Touring The Ancient West: Archaeological Interpretation in Nuwuvi (Southern Paiute) Homelands Author: Survant, Cerinda Year: 2013 Reconciling stewardship and recreational access to public lands is particularly problematic at sites of archaeological and spiritual significance. This poster details the development of a methodology to assess the interpretation of vulnerable archaeological resources on public lands. Using case studies of five existing visitors centers/interpretive areas in the American West, this research uses qualitative and quantitative methods to evaluate different strategies for interpreting landscape, environment, and culture to the visiting public. Case studies include Bandolier National Monument, Mesa Verde National Park, Petroglyph National Monument, Ute Mountain Tribal Park, and Grimes Point Archaeological Site. Areas of investigation include visitorship and visitor satisfaction, the use of signage and landscape design, the presence of traditional ecological knowledge and indigenous history, and the inclusion of cultural demonstrations and performances. Title: Touring The Ancient West: Archaeological Interpretation in Nuwuvi (Southern Paiute) Homelands Author: Survant, Cerinda Year: 2013 Reconciling stewardship and recreational access to public lands is particularly problematic at sites of archaeological and spiritual significance. This poster details the development of a methodology to assess the interpretation of vulnerable archaeological resources on public lands. Using case studies of five existing visitors centers/interpretive areas in the American West, this research uses qualitative and quantitative methods to evaluate different strategies for interpreting landscape, environment, and culture to the visiting public. Case studies include Bandolier National Monument, Mesa Verde National Park, Petroglyph National Monument, Ute Mountain Tribal Park, and Grimes Point Archaeological Site. Areas of investigation include visitorship and visitor satisfaction, the use of signage and landscape design, the presence of traditional ecological knowledge and indigenous history, and the inclusion of cultural demonstrations and performances. Close

• 78. [Article] Co-Evolution of Transportation and Land Use: Modeling HIstorical Dependencies in Land Use and Decision-Making

  The interaction between land use and transportation has long been the central issue in urban and regional planning. Models of such interactions provide vital information to support many public policy decisions, ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Co-Evolution of Transportation and Land Use: Modeling HIstorical Dependencies in Land Use and Decision-Making Author: Zhang, Lei, Zu, Wei, Li, Mingxin Year: 2009 The interaction between land use and transportation has long been the central issue in urban and regional planning. Models of such interactions provide vital information to support many public policy decisions, such as land supply, infrastructure provision, and growth management. Both the transportation and land use systems exhibit historical dependencies in policy decisions. For instance, the expansion of a roadway today will change travel demand patterns, and make certain other roads more or less likely to be expanded in the future. A specific land supply decision made at one point in time, by changing the relative attractiveness of other areas in the region, can have a profound impact on future land supply decisions. Today’s land use decisions clearly influence future transportation policies and vice versa. This project examines the land use-transportation interaction from an evolutionary perspective — once a certain set of goals are determined and pursued by politicians and planners, their land supply and transportation investment decisions are, to a large extent, driven by their previous decisions and supply-demand dynamics in the urban system. Built upon this recognition of historical dependency and a transportation network growth model previously developed by the P.I., a model of the co-evolution of land use and transportation is proposed in this project. Different from existing integrated land use and transportation models that assume exogenous network investment decisions, the co-evolution model considers both land use growth and transportation network growth as endogenous and market-driven. The central research question is how market and policies translate into transportation facilities and land use developments on the ground. The co-evolution model achieves an Urban Growth Equilibrium, which is a useful concept for planning and policy analysis. An agent-based simulation approach is employed to integrate an existing land use model and the transportation network growth model. Title: Co-Evolution of Transportation and Land Use: Modeling HIstorical Dependencies in Land Use and Decision-Making Author: Zhang, Lei, Zu, Wei, Li, Mingxin Year: 2009 The interaction between land use and transportation has long been the central issue in urban and regional planning. Models of such interactions provide vital information to support many public policy decisions, such as land supply, infrastructure provision, and growth management. Both the transportation and land use systems exhibit historical dependencies in policy decisions. For instance, the expansion of a roadway today will change travel demand patterns, and make certain other roads more or less likely to be expanded in the future. A specific land supply decision made at one point in time, by changing the relative attractiveness of other areas in the region, can have a profound impact on future land supply decisions. Today’s land use decisions clearly influence future transportation policies and vice versa. This project examines the land use-transportation interaction from an evolutionary perspective — once a certain set of goals are determined and pursued by politicians and planners, their land supply and transportation investment decisions are, to a large extent, driven by their previous decisions and supply-demand dynamics in the urban system. Built upon this recognition of historical dependency and a transportation network growth model previously developed by the P.I., a model of the co-evolution of land use and transportation is proposed in this project. Different from existing integrated land use and transportation models that assume exogenous network investment decisions, the co-evolution model considers both land use growth and transportation network growth as endogenous and market-driven. The central research question is how market and policies translate into transportation facilities and land use developments on the ground. The co-evolution model achieves an Urban Growth Equilibrium, which is a useful concept for planning and policy analysis. An agent-based simulation approach is employed to integrate an existing land use model and the transportation network growth model. Close

• 79. [Article] Periodic Atlas of the Metroscape: The Face of Density, Diversity, and Disparity in 20th Century Portland

  We of the 21st century often congratulate ourselves on policies that have led to greater density and diversity in our urban settings, as remedies to the sprawl, ghettoization, and poverty that became the ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Periodic Atlas of the Metroscape: The Face of Density, Diversity, and Disparity in 20th Century Portland Author: Wollner, Craig, Merrick, Meg Year: 2010 We of the 21st century often congratulate ourselves on policies that have led to greater density and diversity in our urban settings, as remedies to the sprawl, ghettoization, and poverty that became the bane of planners and activists during the last half of the previous one hundred years. But the maps on this and following pages, generated by the Teaching American History Project of the Institute of Portland Metropolitan Studies, suggest that there was plenty of density in various parts of the city at times in the twentieth century and a lot of diversity in certain neighborhoods. Often, these outcomes were the result of intentional policies of the city government and its business allies, especially those in real estate, transportation, and finance. Frequently, these policies perpetuated or accelerated poverty and decline in the neighborhoods--although those who made them said they were designed to ensure the greater good, or to conform to consensus values, or that they were promulgated because there were more pressing matters to address. Today, we have replaced these policies with different and (we think) more humane, forward looking ones where urban planning is concerned. But perhaps we have only proved that, as the proverb has it, 'There is nothing new under the sun,' or maybe that as the great historian Arthur Schlesinger, Jr. put it, we have yet to learn "what is necessary and what is merely the product of our contingent arrangements." Title: Periodic Atlas of the Metroscape: The Face of Density, Diversity, and Disparity in 20th Century Portland Author: Wollner, Craig, Merrick, Meg Year: 2010 We of the 21st century often congratulate ourselves on policies that have led to greater density and diversity in our urban settings, as remedies to the sprawl, ghettoization, and poverty that became the bane of planners and activists during the last half of the previous one hundred years. But the maps on this and following pages, generated by the Teaching American History Project of the Institute of Portland Metropolitan Studies, suggest that there was plenty of density in various parts of the city at times in the twentieth century and a lot of diversity in certain neighborhoods. Often, these outcomes were the result of intentional policies of the city government and its business allies, especially those in real estate, transportation, and finance. Frequently, these policies perpetuated or accelerated poverty and decline in the neighborhoods--although those who made them said they were designed to ensure the greater good, or to conform to consensus values, or that they were promulgated because there were more pressing matters to address. Today, we have replaced these policies with different and (we think) more humane, forward looking ones where urban planning is concerned. But perhaps we have only proved that, as the proverb has it, 'There is nothing new under the sun,' or maybe that as the great historian Arthur Schlesinger, Jr. put it, we have yet to learn "what is necessary and what is merely the product of our contingent arrangements." Close

• 80. [Article] Yakutat Tlingit and Wrangell-St. Elias National Park and Preserve: An Ethnographic Overview and Assessment

  The National Park Service initiated a series of studies, working in collaboration with park-associated Native communities, to provide basic documentation of the nature of Alaska Native ties to Wrangell-St. ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Yakutat Tlingit and Wrangell-St. Elias National Park and Preserve: An Ethnographic Overview and Assessment Author: Deur, Douglas, Thornton, Thomas, Lahoff, Rachel, Hebert, Jamie Year: 2015 The National Park Service initiated a series of studies, working in collaboration with park-associated Native communities, to provide basic documentation of the nature of Alaska Native ties to Wrangell-St. Elias National Park and Preserve. The current study represents one of a series of baseline reports on Alaska Native ties to the park. Wrangell-St. Elias National Park and Preserve includes parts of the traditional territories of three general Alaska Native groups—the Upper Tanana and Ahtna Athabascans and the Yakutat Tlingit. Prior to the current effort, the park completed ethnographic overviews and assessments in the upper Tanana and Ahtna regions, which are located in the central and northern parts of the park. However, the southern coastal region of the park, in the traditional lands of the Yakutat Tlingit and Eyak communities of the Gulf of Alaska, had not been the focus of even basic, systematic documentation by the NPS. The Tlingit people have traditionally occupied and used that part of Wrangell-St. Elias National Park and Preserve in the vicinity of Icy Bay and Disenchantment Bay, the Malaspina Glacier and Forelands, and the present day community of Yakutat, but have a deeper history that includes other portions of what is today the park. The absence of even baseline NPS documentation of their ties to lands within the park remained a significant gap. The main product of this research is the summary report that follows, synthesizing prior ethnographic literature and related materials into a narrative that, while meeting academic standards, is meant to be understandable to park managers and the interested public. The document that follows presents basic information regarding Yakutat Tlingit culture and history, specifically focusing on the Kwáashk’ikwáan and GalyáxKaagwaantaan clans, which may be salient to future interpretation and management relating to Wrangell-St. Elias.2 The research was initiated to illuminate the interests of the Yakutat Tlingit, who are the emphasis of this document. Yet, the document also incorporates select material on the Eyak community of Cordova, specifically the Native community of Katalla, at the request of the Yakutat Tlingit Tribal Council—reflecting the longstanding connections between the two communities and of segments of the Eyak community to the region encompassed by this study. Cumulatively, this research has sought to illuminate ties between these communities and lands in the park that may serve as a background reference for tribal and agency staff, alike, as they seek to understand the park’s Alaska Native history and to protect cultural resources of mutual concern. In this light, the investigation has maintained a special emphasis on traditional land and resource use in the Yakutat and Eyak traditional territories—especially as those practices relate to the lands and resources of Wrangell-St. Elias since the time of European contact. Title: Yakutat Tlingit and Wrangell-St. Elias National Park and Preserve: An Ethnographic Overview and Assessment Author: Deur, Douglas, Thornton, Thomas, Lahoff, Rachel, Hebert, Jamie Year: 2015 The National Park Service initiated a series of studies, working in collaboration with park-associated Native communities, to provide basic documentation of the nature of Alaska Native ties to Wrangell-St. Elias National Park and Preserve. The current study represents one of a series of baseline reports on Alaska Native ties to the park. Wrangell-St. Elias National Park and Preserve includes parts of the traditional territories of three general Alaska Native groups—the Upper Tanana and Ahtna Athabascans and the Yakutat Tlingit. Prior to the current effort, the park completed ethnographic overviews and assessments in the upper Tanana and Ahtna regions, which are located in the central and northern parts of the park. However, the southern coastal region of the park, in the traditional lands of the Yakutat Tlingit and Eyak communities of the Gulf of Alaska, had not been the focus of even basic, systematic documentation by the NPS. The Tlingit people have traditionally occupied and used that part of Wrangell-St. Elias National Park and Preserve in the vicinity of Icy Bay and Disenchantment Bay, the Malaspina Glacier and Forelands, and the present day community of Yakutat, but have a deeper history that includes other portions of what is today the park. The absence of even baseline NPS documentation of their ties to lands within the park remained a significant gap. The main product of this research is the summary report that follows, synthesizing prior ethnographic literature and related materials into a narrative that, while meeting academic standards, is meant to be understandable to park managers and the interested public. The document that follows presents basic information regarding Yakutat Tlingit culture and history, specifically focusing on the Kwáashk’ikwáan and GalyáxKaagwaantaan clans, which may be salient to future interpretation and management relating to Wrangell-St. Elias.2 The research was initiated to illuminate the interests of the Yakutat Tlingit, who are the emphasis of this document. Yet, the document also incorporates select material on the Eyak community of Cordova, specifically the Native community of Katalla, at the request of the Yakutat Tlingit Tribal Council—reflecting the longstanding connections between the two communities and of segments of the Eyak community to the region encompassed by this study. Cumulatively, this research has sought to illuminate ties between these communities and lands in the park that may serve as a background reference for tribal and agency staff, alike, as they seek to understand the park’s Alaska Native history and to protect cultural resources of mutual concern. In this light, the investigation has maintained a special emphasis on traditional land and resource use in the Yakutat and Eyak traditional territories—especially as those practices relate to the lands and resources of Wrangell-St. Elias since the time of European contact. Close

• 81. [Article] Land Use Zoning in America: The Case for Inclusionary Policy

  Residential zoning code has been one of the most powerful forces in shaping the growth of modern American cities. By regulating which types of buildings can go where, zoning code has led to the creation ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Land Use Zoning in America: The Case for Inclusionary Policy Author: Geffner, Thomas Year: 2017 Residential zoning code has been one of the most powerful forces in shaping the growth of modern American cities. By regulating which types of buildings can go where, zoning code has led to the creation of suburbs as we know them, with row after row of detached single-family homes. Indeed, the American city would look drastically different if it were not for the creation of zoning codes. But how did the institution that is American zoning come to exist? This essay will attempt to answer that question by exploring the early history of zoning, starting in the 1910s. It will also look at the impact of zoning on America’s poorest residents. Has the division of residential zones into mostly large lots with minimum home sizes excluded the poor from the suburbs? The correlation between zoning and economic exclusion has been studied, and a strong connection discovered. Given this, what can be done to remedy the problem? An alternative to current law, inclusionary zoning, has been explored and shows promise for fixing some of the problems that current zoning creates. Title: Land Use Zoning in America: The Case for Inclusionary Policy Author: Geffner, Thomas Year: 2017 Residential zoning code has been one of the most powerful forces in shaping the growth of modern American cities. By regulating which types of buildings can go where, zoning code has led to the creation of suburbs as we know them, with row after row of detached single-family homes. Indeed, the American city would look drastically different if it were not for the creation of zoning codes. But how did the institution that is American zoning come to exist? This essay will attempt to answer that question by exploring the early history of zoning, starting in the 1910s. It will also look at the impact of zoning on America’s poorest residents. Has the division of residential zones into mostly large lots with minimum home sizes excluded the poor from the suburbs? The correlation between zoning and economic exclusion has been studied, and a strong connection discovered. Given this, what can be done to remedy the problem? An alternative to current law, inclusionary zoning, has been explored and shows promise for fixing some of the problems that current zoning creates. Close

• 82. [Article] Highlights: Accomplishments of Portland's Downtown Plan, Central City Plan, Albina Community Plan, Outer Southeast Community Plan

  All four plans were comprehensive. Their scope included transportation, housing, economic development, parks and open space, natural resources, urban design, and land use. Large scale planning efforts ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Highlights: Accomplishments of Portland's Downtown Plan, Central City Plan, Albina Community Plan, Outer Southeast Community Plan Author: Portland (Or.). Bureau of Planning Year: 2000 All four plans were comprehensive. Their scope included transportation, housing, economic development, parks and open space, natural resources, urban design, and land use. Large scale planning efforts had previously focused on a limited set of concerns, such as parking, commercial revitalization, or housing. The Downtown Plan, Central City Plan, Albina Community Plan, and Outer Southeast Community Plan, on the other hand, evaluated, balanced, and integrated the different elements so that each action was taken in light of its effect on others. Extensive citizen involvement shaped the content of these plans and contributed to their success. Title: Highlights: Accomplishments of Portland's Downtown Plan, Central City Plan, Albina Community Plan, Outer Southeast Community Plan Author: Portland (Or.). Bureau of Planning Year: 2000 All four plans were comprehensive. Their scope included transportation, housing, economic development, parks and open space, natural resources, urban design, and land use. Large scale planning efforts had previously focused on a limited set of concerns, such as parking, commercial revitalization, or housing. The Downtown Plan, Central City Plan, Albina Community Plan, and Outer Southeast Community Plan, on the other hand, evaluated, balanced, and integrated the different elements so that each action was taken in light of its effect on others. Extensive citizen involvement shaped the content of these plans and contributed to their success. Close

• 83. [Article] Coptic Prayer Book Leaves: Video Exploration

  PSU student Jordan Long wrote and narrated this video as part of PSU’s University Studies program for the Medieval Portland Capstone taught by Professor Anne McClanan. This five-minute presentation demonstrates ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Coptic Prayer Book Leaves: Video Exploration Author: Long, Jordan Year: 2011 PSU student Jordan Long wrote and narrated this video as part of PSU’s University Studies program for the Medieval Portland Capstone taught by Professor Anne McClanan. This five-minute presentation demonstrates that the hand-illuminated Agpeya in Portland State’s Special Collections is a rare example of a manuscript book created after the rise of printing, describes the technique, materials, and meanings of its illustrations and calligraphy, and identifies its liturgical use as a ritual text. Soundtrack: Choir of the Coptic Church, "Litugical Hymns," Chants from the Holy Land, vol. 35: Ecumenical Evening. Portland State University Library, Special Collections, Mss. 40 Title: Coptic Prayer Book Leaves: Video Exploration Author: Long, Jordan Year: 2011 PSU student Jordan Long wrote and narrated this video as part of PSU’s University Studies program for the Medieval Portland Capstone taught by Professor Anne McClanan. This five-minute presentation demonstrates that the hand-illuminated Agpeya in Portland State’s Special Collections is a rare example of a manuscript book created after the rise of printing, describes the technique, materials, and meanings of its illustrations and calligraphy, and identifies its liturgical use as a ritual text. Soundtrack: Choir of the Coptic Church, "Litugical Hymns," Chants from the Holy Land, vol. 35: Ecumenical Evening. Portland State University Library, Special Collections, Mss. 40 Close

• 84. [Article] Toward a Spatial-Temporal Measure of Land-Use Mix

  Urban planning and public-health research has long been interested in the connection between land-use mix and travel. Interest from urban planners stems from the potential of transportation efficiency ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Toward a Spatial-Temporal Measure of Land-Use Mix Author: Gehrke, Steven R., Clifton, Kelly Year: 2015 Urban planning and public-health research has long been interested in the connection between land-use mix and travel. Interest from urban planners stems from the potential of transportation efficiency gains achieved by an increased land-use mix and subsequent shortening of trip lengths; whereas, public-health research advocates an increased land-use mix as an effective policy for facilitating greater physical activity. Yet, despite the transportation, land-use, and health benefits related to improving land-use mix and the extent of topical attention given by researchers, no consensus has been reached regarding the magnitude of its effect on travel. This absence of agreement may largely be attributed to the theoretical and methodological failings persistent in present attempts to accurately reflect land-use interaction and operationalize its quantification within a defined spatial extent. To better evaluate the impact of land-use mix on travel behavior and assess more temporal policies, a robust mix measure accounting for these two elements of land-use interaction and geographic scale as well as a temporal element of land-use mixing—missing from present specifications—must be introduced. This paper establishes the research agenda for a spatial-temporal land-use mix measure by (1) identifying the conceptual and methodological faults inherent to current land-use interaction and geographic-scale representations and (2) describing strategies and practical benefits of representing the temporal availability of land-use mixing in guiding innovative transportation/land-use policies. Title: Toward a Spatial-Temporal Measure of Land-Use Mix Author: Gehrke, Steven R., Clifton, Kelly Year: 2015 Urban planning and public-health research has long been interested in the connection between land-use mix and travel. Interest from urban planners stems from the potential of transportation efficiency gains achieved by an increased land-use mix and subsequent shortening of trip lengths; whereas, public-health research advocates an increased land-use mix as an effective policy for facilitating greater physical activity. Yet, despite the transportation, land-use, and health benefits related to improving land-use mix and the extent of topical attention given by researchers, no consensus has been reached regarding the magnitude of its effect on travel. This absence of agreement may largely be attributed to the theoretical and methodological failings persistent in present attempts to accurately reflect land-use interaction and operationalize its quantification within a defined spatial extent. To better evaluate the impact of land-use mix on travel behavior and assess more temporal policies, a robust mix measure accounting for these two elements of land-use interaction and geographic scale as well as a temporal element of land-use mixing—missing from present specifications—must be introduced. This paper establishes the research agenda for a spatial-temporal land-use mix measure by (1) identifying the conceptual and methodological faults inherent to current land-use interaction and geographic-scale representations and (2) describing strategies and practical benefits of representing the temporal availability of land-use mixing in guiding innovative transportation/land-use policies. Close

• 85. [Article] Urban and Rural-residential Land Uses: Their Role in Watershed Health and the Rehabilitation of Oregon’s Wild Salmonids

  This technical report by the Independent Multidisciplinary Science Team (IMST) is a comprehensive review of how human activities in urban and rural-residential areas can alter aquatic ecosystems and resulting ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Urban and Rural-residential Land Uses: Their Role in Watershed Health and the Rehabilitation of Oregon’s Wild Salmonids Author: Harte, Michael, Kaczynski, Victor W., Shock, Clinton C., Yeakley, J. Alan, Hughes, Robert M., Molina, Nancy, Schreck, Carl B. Year: 2010 This technical report by the Independent Multidisciplinary Science Team (IMST) is a comprehensive review of how human activities in urban and rural-residential areas can alter aquatic ecosystems and resulting implications for salmonid recovery, with a geographic focus on the state of Oregon. The following topics are considered in the form of science questions, and comprise the major components of this report: The effects of urban and rural-residential development on Oregon’s watersheds and native wild salmonids. Actions that can be used to avoid or mitigate undesirable changes to aquatic ecosystems near developing urban and rural-residential areas. The benefits and pitfalls of salmonid habitat rehabilitation within established urban or rural-residential areas. Suggested research and monitoring focus areas that will facilitate the recovery of salmonid populations affected by development. The fundamental concepts presented in this report should be applicable to most native salmonid populations across the state. IMST encourages managers and policy-makers with interest in a specific species or geographic region to carefully research local ecological conditions, as well as specific life history characteristics of salmonids in the region. Conserving watershed condition and salmonids in the face of increasing development requires consideration of two distinct sets of processes. First are the human social and economic processes that drive patterns in land use change. Second are the ecological processes, altered by land use, that underlie salmonid habitat changes. This report focuses on the latter and summarizes the effects of rural-residential and urban development on native, wild salmonid populations and the watersheds upon which they depend. Title: Urban and Rural-residential Land Uses: Their Role in Watershed Health and the Rehabilitation of Oregon’s Wild Salmonids Author: Harte, Michael, Kaczynski, Victor W., Shock, Clinton C., Yeakley, J. Alan, Hughes, Robert M., Molina, Nancy, Schreck, Carl B. Year: 2010 This technical report by the Independent Multidisciplinary Science Team (IMST) is a comprehensive review of how human activities in urban and rural-residential areas can alter aquatic ecosystems and resulting implications for salmonid recovery, with a geographic focus on the state of Oregon. The following topics are considered in the form of science questions, and comprise the major components of this report: The effects of urban and rural-residential development on Oregon’s watersheds and native wild salmonids. Actions that can be used to avoid or mitigate undesirable changes to aquatic ecosystems near developing urban and rural-residential areas. The benefits and pitfalls of salmonid habitat rehabilitation within established urban or rural-residential areas. Suggested research and monitoring focus areas that will facilitate the recovery of salmonid populations affected by development. The fundamental concepts presented in this report should be applicable to most native salmonid populations across the state. IMST encourages managers and policy-makers with interest in a specific species or geographic region to carefully research local ecological conditions, as well as specific life history characteristics of salmonids in the region. Conserving watershed condition and salmonids in the face of increasing development requires consideration of two distinct sets of processes. First are the human social and economic processes that drive patterns in land use change. Second are the ecological processes, altered by land use, that underlie salmonid habitat changes. This report focuses on the latter and summarizes the effects of rural-residential and urban development on native, wild salmonid populations and the watersheds upon which they depend. Close

• 86. [Article] Seeing the Forest for the Roads: Auto-Tourism and Wilderness Preservation in Mount Hood National Forest, 1913-64

  Between 1913 and 1964, automobile roads appeared throughout the Cascade Mountains around Mount Hood, just east of Portland, Oregon. From elaborate scenic highways to primitive dirt trails, each had its ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Seeing the Forest for the Roads: Auto-Tourism and Wilderness Preservation in Mount Hood National Forest, 1913-64 Author: Rose, Taylor Elliott Year: 2016 Between 1913 and 1964, automobile roads appeared throughout the Cascade Mountains around Mount Hood, just east of Portland, Oregon. From elaborate scenic highways to primitive dirt trails, each had its own story. Many of them are gone today, decommissioned and decomposing with the rotting understory soil of the forest. However, some remain as the most utilized spaces in Mount Hood National Forest, one of the most popular public land units for recreation in the country, owned and managed by the United States Forest Service. "Seeing the Forest for the Roads" uncovers the history of why roads were built, who planned them, and how they were used. At the same time, it seeks to answer the question, how do roads shape the way that people view wild nature? As places that are simultaneously easily accessible and "untrammeled," wilderness has much to do with roads. But it has even more to do with the people that envisioned, constructed, and used the roads. The story that follows is divided into four sections, from the Progressive Era, through the Roaring Twenties, New Deal years, and into the mid-twentieth century. It concludes with the Wilderness Act of 1964, a profound, important statement about the relationship between technology, nature, and human beings, which singled out roads as the most visible, damaging threat to the existence of wilderness as modern Americans know it. I argue that in order to understand wilderness as both a legal term and a social construct, scholars must look at the roads themselves, particularly from a local, on-the-ground perspective. In the end, what results is a more nuanced understanding of the twentieth-century history of technology and nature, as well as the social, cultural, and intellectual context that produced both sides of the same coin in wilderness. Title: Seeing the Forest for the Roads: Auto-Tourism and Wilderness Preservation in Mount Hood National Forest, 1913-64 Author: Rose, Taylor Elliott Year: 2016 Between 1913 and 1964, automobile roads appeared throughout the Cascade Mountains around Mount Hood, just east of Portland, Oregon. From elaborate scenic highways to primitive dirt trails, each had its own story. Many of them are gone today, decommissioned and decomposing with the rotting understory soil of the forest. However, some remain as the most utilized spaces in Mount Hood National Forest, one of the most popular public land units for recreation in the country, owned and managed by the United States Forest Service. "Seeing the Forest for the Roads" uncovers the history of why roads were built, who planned them, and how they were used. At the same time, it seeks to answer the question, how do roads shape the way that people view wild nature? As places that are simultaneously easily accessible and "untrammeled," wilderness has much to do with roads. But it has even more to do with the people that envisioned, constructed, and used the roads. The story that follows is divided into four sections, from the Progressive Era, through the Roaring Twenties, New Deal years, and into the mid-twentieth century. It concludes with the Wilderness Act of 1964, a profound, important statement about the relationship between technology, nature, and human beings, which singled out roads as the most visible, damaging threat to the existence of wilderness as modern Americans know it. I argue that in order to understand wilderness as both a legal term and a social construct, scholars must look at the roads themselves, particularly from a local, on-the-ground perspective. In the end, what results is a more nuanced understanding of the twentieth-century history of technology and nature, as well as the social, cultural, and intellectual context that produced both sides of the same coin in wilderness. Close

• 87. [Article] Historical Vegetation of Central Southwest Oregon, Based on GLO Survey Notes : Final Report to USDI Bureau of Land Management, Medford District

  Historical vegetation at the time of European settlement is of great interest to both the public and land managers, but is poorly documented. One source of data are the earliest land survey records of ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Historical Vegetation of Central Southwest Oregon, Based on GLO Survey Notes : Final Report to USDI Bureau of Land Management, Medford District Author: Hickman, O. Eugene, Christy, John A. Year: 2011 Historical vegetation at the time of European settlement is of great interest to both the public and land managers, but is poorly documented. One source of data are the earliest land survey records of the General Land Office (GLO). Rectangular township surveys in Southwest Oregon were initiated in the mid 1850’s as settlers began to claim homesteads in the Bear Creek Valley surrounding what is now Medford. We examined GLO land survey field notes and plats (maps) accompanying the surveys, transcribed GLO landscape data into an Access database, and classified the data set into very general vegetation types for mapping. About 89 vegetation types (subclasses) were described for mapping historic vegetation, distinguished by major differences in plant composition and topographic features. Tree density was estimated from section line descriptions and witness tree spacing at corners, and was used to classify stands into tree classes. These types then were combined into broad “Vegetation Classes” for mapping (i.e. savanna, shrubland, forest, prairie). Classifying and mapping historical vegetation occurred on about 418,500 acres in an earlier OSU study, and about 720,700 acres in this BLM study, located in Jackson and Josephine Counties. The authors merged results from these adjacent GLO studies, expanding the coverage to approximately 1.14 million acres (49 townships). Modern soil surveys of the study area helped the authors interpret GLO data and draw vegetation boundaries. About 44% of the landscape was closed upland forest, 41% woodland, 1.4% riparian forest, 2% oak or conifer savanna, 1% shrublands, and 11% bottomland meadow or upland prairie. Forest types ranged from moist, mixed conifer uplands to dry valley ponderosa pine-hardwood grassland. Large areas of prairie and mixed oak-conifer woodland dominated many low elevation locations on plains, foothills, and especially clayey terraces or southern slopes near what is now Medford. Nearly 115 plant species or plant groups were identified by the surveyors, mostly trees and shrubs. Some were misidentified and not easily interpreted by the authors when archaic names were used by the surveyors. Grazing quality was frequently noted as surveyors attempted to describe land productivity for livestock. Historic baseline plant data is presented for broad landscape transects and sometimes by topographic positions, but is limited by the sketchy nature of the original surveyor notes. Nearly 350 homestead parcels of various sizes were claimed in the study, as identified in GLO survey notes and on Donation Land Claim maps, showing how quickly settlement occurred in the study area after gold was discovered in 1851. Most early homesteads included prairie or oak savanna, which was open and more easily converted to farmland or pasture. Early saw mills, grist mills, fields, roads, water diversions and major Indian trails were also identified and transcribed from the GLO records. Title: Historical Vegetation of Central Southwest Oregon, Based on GLO Survey Notes : Final Report to USDI Bureau of Land Management, Medford District Author: Hickman, O. Eugene, Christy, John A. Year: 2011 Historical vegetation at the time of European settlement is of great interest to both the public and land managers, but is poorly documented. One source of data are the earliest land survey records of the General Land Office (GLO). Rectangular township surveys in Southwest Oregon were initiated in the mid 1850’s as settlers began to claim homesteads in the Bear Creek Valley surrounding what is now Medford. We examined GLO land survey field notes and plats (maps) accompanying the surveys, transcribed GLO landscape data into an Access database, and classified the data set into very general vegetation types for mapping. About 89 vegetation types (subclasses) were described for mapping historic vegetation, distinguished by major differences in plant composition and topographic features. Tree density was estimated from section line descriptions and witness tree spacing at corners, and was used to classify stands into tree classes. These types then were combined into broad “Vegetation Classes” for mapping (i.e. savanna, shrubland, forest, prairie). Classifying and mapping historical vegetation occurred on about 418,500 acres in an earlier OSU study, and about 720,700 acres in this BLM study, located in Jackson and Josephine Counties. The authors merged results from these adjacent GLO studies, expanding the coverage to approximately 1.14 million acres (49 townships). Modern soil surveys of the study area helped the authors interpret GLO data and draw vegetation boundaries. About 44% of the landscape was closed upland forest, 41% woodland, 1.4% riparian forest, 2% oak or conifer savanna, 1% shrublands, and 11% bottomland meadow or upland prairie. Forest types ranged from moist, mixed conifer uplands to dry valley ponderosa pine-hardwood grassland. Large areas of prairie and mixed oak-conifer woodland dominated many low elevation locations on plains, foothills, and especially clayey terraces or southern slopes near what is now Medford. Nearly 115 plant species or plant groups were identified by the surveyors, mostly trees and shrubs. Some were misidentified and not easily interpreted by the authors when archaic names were used by the surveyors. Grazing quality was frequently noted as surveyors attempted to describe land productivity for livestock. Historic baseline plant data is presented for broad landscape transects and sometimes by topographic positions, but is limited by the sketchy nature of the original surveyor notes. Nearly 350 homestead parcels of various sizes were claimed in the study, as identified in GLO survey notes and on Donation Land Claim maps, showing how quickly settlement occurred in the study area after gold was discovered in 1851. Most early homesteads included prairie or oak savanna, which was open and more easily converted to farmland or pasture. Early saw mills, grist mills, fields, roads, water diversions and major Indian trails were also identified and transcribed from the GLO records. Close

• 88. [Article] Rural Revolution: Documenting the Lesbian Land Communities of Southern Oregon

  Out of the politically charged atmosphere of the 1960s and 1970s emerged a migration to "the land" and communes, which popularly became known as the back-to-the-land movement. This migration occurred throughout ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Rural Revolution: Documenting the Lesbian Land Communities of Southern Oregon Author: Burmeister, Heather Jo Year: 2013 Out of the politically charged atmosphere of the 1960s and 1970s emerged a migration to "the land" and communes, which popularly became known as the back-to-the-land movement. This migration occurred throughout the United States, as well as many other countries, and included clusters of land based communities in southern Oregon. Within these clusters, lesbian feminist women created lesbian separatist lands and communes. These women were well educated, and politically active in movements such as the New Left, Civil Rights, Women's Liberation, and Gay Liberation. These lands or communes functioned together as a community network that developed and commodified lesbian art, which impacted and influenced the development of lesbian art over time. In Oregon, as of 2011, at least ten known lesbian lands still existed. This cluster belonged to an extended community that stretched down into California and over into New Mexico. Over a two-year period I collected, transcribed, and studied the oral histories of eight of the elders of the women's land movement in southern Oregon. The purpose of this study is to better understand this movement of lesbian feminists the development of lesbian art and culture over time. The lesbian feminist back-to-the-land movement made the conscious choice to disengage from the patriarchal mainstream rather than continue participation in their own oppression. They viewed lesbian feminist separatism and the creation of safe lesbian land as a way to reconstruct their self-identity and influence the continued self-perception of lesbians the world over through art and literature. Based on these oral histories and archival materials, it became evident that the women within the lesbian land communities developed and maintained land on which they could re-examine who they were, re-educate themselves and each other, learn practical skills, construct new identities, create art, and broadcast their creations out into the world through organized media networks. One of the key features of this construction of lesbian land culture was the desire to share--share power, share money, share responsibilities, share knowledge, share land, share lovers. On the one hand, ownership was eschewed as elitist and patriarchal, while simultaneously important to the continuity of women's land and its protection from what could be described as patriarchal profit motives. They developed infrastructure, altered language, created a spiritual practice, and made art. The material and artistic culture was created in concert with modes or mediums of transmission, casting it out to a much wider audience. These creative activities influenced and impacted women beyond Oregon, beyond the lesbian land communities, and beyond the 1970s. By examining the lesbian land movement in southern Oregon, we can better understand the impact on LGBTQ culture, and the continued albeit unintentional impact on the questioning of the gender binary and sexual identity. In other words, the feminist and queer questioning of identity construction and symbolic language began here. Title: Rural Revolution: Documenting the Lesbian Land Communities of Southern Oregon Author: Burmeister, Heather Jo Year: 2013 Out of the politically charged atmosphere of the 1960s and 1970s emerged a migration to "the land" and communes, which popularly became known as the back-to-the-land movement. This migration occurred throughout the United States, as well as many other countries, and included clusters of land based communities in southern Oregon. Within these clusters, lesbian feminist women created lesbian separatist lands and communes. These women were well educated, and politically active in movements such as the New Left, Civil Rights, Women's Liberation, and Gay Liberation. These lands or communes functioned together as a community network that developed and commodified lesbian art, which impacted and influenced the development of lesbian art over time. In Oregon, as of 2011, at least ten known lesbian lands still existed. This cluster belonged to an extended community that stretched down into California and over into New Mexico. Over a two-year period I collected, transcribed, and studied the oral histories of eight of the elders of the women's land movement in southern Oregon. The purpose of this study is to better understand this movement of lesbian feminists the development of lesbian art and culture over time. The lesbian feminist back-to-the-land movement made the conscious choice to disengage from the patriarchal mainstream rather than continue participation in their own oppression. They viewed lesbian feminist separatism and the creation of safe lesbian land as a way to reconstruct their self-identity and influence the continued self-perception of lesbians the world over through art and literature. Based on these oral histories and archival materials, it became evident that the women within the lesbian land communities developed and maintained land on which they could re-examine who they were, re-educate themselves and each other, learn practical skills, construct new identities, create art, and broadcast their creations out into the world through organized media networks. One of the key features of this construction of lesbian land culture was the desire to share--share power, share money, share responsibilities, share knowledge, share land, share lovers. On the one hand, ownership was eschewed as elitist and patriarchal, while simultaneously important to the continuity of women's land and its protection from what could be described as patriarchal profit motives. They developed infrastructure, altered language, created a spiritual practice, and made art. The material and artistic culture was created in concert with modes or mediums of transmission, casting it out to a much wider audience. These creative activities influenced and impacted women beyond Oregon, beyond the lesbian land communities, and beyond the 1970s. By examining the lesbian land movement in southern Oregon, we can better understand the impact on LGBTQ culture, and the continued albeit unintentional impact on the questioning of the gender binary and sexual identity. In other words, the feminist and queer questioning of identity construction and symbolic language began here. Close

• 89. [Article] A Study of Traditional Activities in the Exit Glacier Area of Kenai Fjords National Park

  Kenai Fjords National Park (KEFJ) occupies roughly 1,760 square miles on the Kenai Peninsula in southcentral Alaska. Sitting adjacent to the community of Seward, the park was established in 1980 under ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: A Study of Traditional Activities in the Exit Glacier Area of Kenai Fjords National Park Author: Deur, Douglas, Brewster, Karen, Mason, Rachel Year: 2013 Kenai Fjords National Park (KEFJ) occupies roughly 1,760 square miles on the Kenai Peninsula in southcentral Alaska. Sitting adjacent to the community of Seward, the park was established in 1980 under the Alaska National Interest Lands Conservation Act of 1980 (ANILCA). The central portion of the park contains the Harding Icefield, from which no fewer than 38 active glaciers exit into valleys and tidewater locations surrounding the park. Of these glaciers, Exit Glacier is the most publicly accessible, and the only park glacier with road access from the town of Seward. A number of individuals and families from the Seward area visit the Exit Glacier area in the course of recreational and subsistence activities within the larger Resurrection River Basin. The current project seeks to document the recent human history of the Exit Glacier area, based on the accounts of long-term residents of Seward, Alaska regarding the period from 1950 to 1980. Interviewees shared their personal recollections of the Exit Glacier region, providing an especially rich account of hunting, trapping, recreational travel, and other activities associated with the study area, transportation methods used to access Exit Glacier, and changes in their relationship with that landscape during a span of time from well before NPS management up to the present day. This project serves a two-fold purpose. These oral history interviews have helped to preserve local history for interpretive and educational purposes. Simultaneously, this research has been undertaken to help define what constitutes "traditional activities" in and around Seward, in order to help the park make informed management decisions about what activities are allowed under the terms of ANILCA. Interview data suggest that the use of motor vehicles to access the Exit Glacier area appears to have been well established prior to park creation in 1980, especially involving the use of snowmachines and automobiles. Snowmachines were used for hunting, trapping, and recreational uses in the Harding Icefield and Exit Glacier areas. Lands now in the park were also used for such purposes as berry picking and nonmotorized recreational activities prior to park creation. All of these are ostensibly “traditional” activities by legal definitions of that term, potentially admissible under ANILCA under certain conditions. Following park creation, many of these "traditional" uses and modes of access have continued in attenuated form. Seward residents appear to use the larger Resurrection River valley near Exit Glacier for a wide range of utilitarian and recreational activities as well. The importance of the Exit Glacier area for transportation, recreation, and resource harvesting purposes appears to vary within the community, reflecting the considerable size and diversity of the Seward community. Title: A Study of Traditional Activities in the Exit Glacier Area of Kenai Fjords National Park Author: Deur, Douglas, Brewster, Karen, Mason, Rachel Year: 2013 Kenai Fjords National Park (KEFJ) occupies roughly 1,760 square miles on the Kenai Peninsula in southcentral Alaska. Sitting adjacent to the community of Seward, the park was established in 1980 under the Alaska National Interest Lands Conservation Act of 1980 (ANILCA). The central portion of the park contains the Harding Icefield, from which no fewer than 38 active glaciers exit into valleys and tidewater locations surrounding the park. Of these glaciers, Exit Glacier is the most publicly accessible, and the only park glacier with road access from the town of Seward. A number of individuals and families from the Seward area visit the Exit Glacier area in the course of recreational and subsistence activities within the larger Resurrection River Basin. The current project seeks to document the recent human history of the Exit Glacier area, based on the accounts of long-term residents of Seward, Alaska regarding the period from 1950 to 1980. Interviewees shared their personal recollections of the Exit Glacier region, providing an especially rich account of hunting, trapping, recreational travel, and other activities associated with the study area, transportation methods used to access Exit Glacier, and changes in their relationship with that landscape during a span of time from well before NPS management up to the present day. This project serves a two-fold purpose. These oral history interviews have helped to preserve local history for interpretive and educational purposes. Simultaneously, this research has been undertaken to help define what constitutes "traditional activities" in and around Seward, in order to help the park make informed management decisions about what activities are allowed under the terms of ANILCA. Interview data suggest that the use of motor vehicles to access the Exit Glacier area appears to have been well established prior to park creation in 1980, especially involving the use of snowmachines and automobiles. Snowmachines were used for hunting, trapping, and recreational uses in the Harding Icefield and Exit Glacier areas. Lands now in the park were also used for such purposes as berry picking and nonmotorized recreational activities prior to park creation. All of these are ostensibly “traditional” activities by legal definitions of that term, potentially admissible under ANILCA under certain conditions. Following park creation, many of these "traditional" uses and modes of access have continued in attenuated form. Seward residents appear to use the larger Resurrection River valley near Exit Glacier for a wide range of utilitarian and recreational activities as well. The importance of the Exit Glacier area for transportation, recreation, and resource harvesting purposes appears to vary within the community, reflecting the considerable size and diversity of the Seward community. Close

• 90. [Article] Culturally Responsive Diabetes Interventions within the Context of American Indian and Alaska Native Health

  This inquiry examined culturally responsive diabetes interventions within the context of American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) health. The role of history, culture, and resilience in shaping these ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Culturally Responsive Diabetes Interventions within the Context of American Indian and Alaska Native Health Author: Freeman, Leilani J. Year: 2017 This inquiry examined culturally responsive diabetes interventions within the context of American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) health. The role of history, culture, and resilience in shaping these approaches was determined. Additionally, past instances of abuse from healthcare workers and researchers highlighted the need for culturally competent education. A combination of a literature review and ethnography from events hosted by the local Portland, Oregon AI/AN community helped to address these questions and concerns. This study found that identifying determinants of health using Community-Based Participatory Research (CBPR) is the most effective. The health disparities experienced by AI/AN peoples today are predominantly due to a history of forced removal, genocidal tactics, and detrimental environmental policies. The main elements of a diabetes intervention that takes this history into account includes, connection to culture and the land, education on historical/ intergenerational trauma, and focusing on resilience and tribal sovereignty. The use of traditional foods, community gardens, and holistic fitness programs are some examples of strategies being used to treat diabetes by AI/AN peoples today. Future research should examine how the experiences of Indigenous peoples can better guide those in the field of public health working to achieve health equity for all. Title: Culturally Responsive Diabetes Interventions within the Context of American Indian and Alaska Native Health Author: Freeman, Leilani J. Year: 2017 This inquiry examined culturally responsive diabetes interventions within the context of American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) health. The role of history, culture, and resilience in shaping these approaches was determined. Additionally, past instances of abuse from healthcare workers and researchers highlighted the need for culturally competent education. A combination of a literature review and ethnography from events hosted by the local Portland, Oregon AI/AN community helped to address these questions and concerns. This study found that identifying determinants of health using Community-Based Participatory Research (CBPR) is the most effective. The health disparities experienced by AI/AN peoples today are predominantly due to a history of forced removal, genocidal tactics, and detrimental environmental policies. The main elements of a diabetes intervention that takes this history into account includes, connection to culture and the land, education on historical/ intergenerational trauma, and focusing on resilience and tribal sovereignty. The use of traditional foods, community gardens, and holistic fitness programs are some examples of strategies being used to treat diabetes by AI/AN peoples today. Future research should examine how the experiences of Indigenous peoples can better guide those in the field of public health working to achieve health equity for all. Close

• 91. [Article] A Brief Portrait of Multimodal Transportation Planning in Oregon and the Path to Achieving It, 1890-1974

  This project was designed to outline transportation chapters of a planned written history of Oregon land use planning, written in ways that would make the transportation planning profession relevant to ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: A Brief Portrait of Multimodal Transportation Planning in Oregon and the Path to Achieving It, 1890-1974 Author: Abbott, Carl, Lowry, Sam Year: 2010 This project was designed to outline transportation chapters of a planned written history of Oregon land use planning, written in ways that would make the transportation planning profession relevant to a popular audience. The writing would focus on stories from the profession, and on historical facts and events in Oregon transportation planning history that would surprise or enlighten popular reading audiences. Technology transfer would occur through publication of one or more written pieces of work. The result is a topical and historical tale entitled "A Brief Portrait of Multimodal Transportation Planning in Oregon and the Path to Achieving It, 1890-1974." Sources told stories with enthusiastic reference to past transportation events. The structure chosen was an interwoven collection of topical essays, arranged chronologically but skipping sideways, sometimes backward or forward, from stage to stage – national, metropolitan, state governmental, local – but always moving forward in time. The tale presented here takes the reader through tumultuous early years, up to the moment in 1974 when statewide planning goals, including Goal 12, the transportation goal, were adopted by the Oregon Legislature. Title: A Brief Portrait of Multimodal Transportation Planning in Oregon and the Path to Achieving It, 1890-1974 Author: Abbott, Carl, Lowry, Sam Year: 2010 This project was designed to outline transportation chapters of a planned written history of Oregon land use planning, written in ways that would make the transportation planning profession relevant to a popular audience. The writing would focus on stories from the profession, and on historical facts and events in Oregon transportation planning history that would surprise or enlighten popular reading audiences. Technology transfer would occur through publication of one or more written pieces of work. The result is a topical and historical tale entitled "A Brief Portrait of Multimodal Transportation Planning in Oregon and the Path to Achieving It, 1890-1974." Sources told stories with enthusiastic reference to past transportation events. The structure chosen was an interwoven collection of topical essays, arranged chronologically but skipping sideways, sometimes backward or forward, from stage to stage – national, metropolitan, state governmental, local – but always moving forward in time. The tale presented here takes the reader through tumultuous early years, up to the moment in 1974 when statewide planning goals, including Goal 12, the transportation goal, were adopted by the Oregon Legislature. Close

• 92. [Article] The Wilderness Problem: A Narrative of Contested Landscapes in San Juan County, Utah

  Wilderness preservation has been at the center of debates about public land policy for almost half a century, and nowhere has the controversy been more intractable than in Utah. Despite its vast expanses ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The Wilderness Problem: A Narrative of Contested Landscapes in San Juan County, Utah Author: Banis, David Year: 2004 Wilderness preservation has been at the center of debates about public land policy for almost half a century, and nowhere has the controversy been more intractable than in Utah. Despite its vast expanses of unsetded and undeveloped red rock desert, managed primarily by the Bureau of Land Management (BLM), Utah has less designated wilderness than in any other state in the West. In this study, I focus on San Juan County in southeast Utah to study the conflict over the designation of wilderness. The controversy pits local residents and state politicians against state and national environmental groups, with the BLM shifting positions in between. I analyze and interpret the wilderness debate from three different perspectives. The fIrst explores the history of the Utah wilderness debate from the first BLM wilderness inventory in the 1970's through its re-inventory in the 1990's. I examine the influence of national, regional, and local forces such as institutional change within the BLM, in-fIghting among Utah-based environmental interest groups, and the sagebrush rebellion and county supremacy movements. The second perspective incorporates the spatial analytical techniques of geographical information systems to provide a relatively objective view of landscape characteristics used to defIne wilderness. I interpret the landscape as a continuum of varying degrees of wildness, a product of inherent naturalness and the influences of human impacts. Lastly, I examine the personal views of the meaning of wilderness through the words of actual participants in the debate. In an analysis of the statements of both county residents as well as the Southern Utah Wilderness Alliance, I explore the mental images and ideas that influence the ways in which people value and understand the desert environment. Title: The Wilderness Problem: A Narrative of Contested Landscapes in San Juan County, Utah Author: Banis, David Year: 2004 Wilderness preservation has been at the center of debates about public land policy for almost half a century, and nowhere has the controversy been more intractable than in Utah. Despite its vast expanses of unsetded and undeveloped red rock desert, managed primarily by the Bureau of Land Management (BLM), Utah has less designated wilderness than in any other state in the West. In this study, I focus on San Juan County in southeast Utah to study the conflict over the designation of wilderness. The controversy pits local residents and state politicians against state and national environmental groups, with the BLM shifting positions in between. I analyze and interpret the wilderness debate from three different perspectives. The fIrst explores the history of the Utah wilderness debate from the first BLM wilderness inventory in the 1970's through its re-inventory in the 1990's. I examine the influence of national, regional, and local forces such as institutional change within the BLM, in-fIghting among Utah-based environmental interest groups, and the sagebrush rebellion and county supremacy movements. The second perspective incorporates the spatial analytical techniques of geographical information systems to provide a relatively objective view of landscape characteristics used to defIne wilderness. I interpret the landscape as a continuum of varying degrees of wildness, a product of inherent naturalness and the influences of human impacts. Lastly, I examine the personal views of the meaning of wilderness through the words of actual participants in the debate. In an analysis of the statements of both county residents as well as the Southern Utah Wilderness Alliance, I explore the mental images and ideas that influence the ways in which people value and understand the desert environment. Close

• 93. [Article] Planning in the CRAG Region: The Second Step

  This document is second in a series of reports aimed toward adoption of a new regional comprehensive plan by 1976. Contents include: re-statement of goals, interim development policy, regional land use ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Planning in the CRAG Region: The Second Step Author: Columbia Region Association of Governments Year: 1973 This document is second in a series of reports aimed toward adoption of a new regional comprehensive plan by 1976. Contents include: re-statement of goals, interim development policy, regional land use concepts, and exploratory proposals Title: Planning in the CRAG Region: The Second Step Author: Columbia Region Association of Governments Year: 1973 This document is second in a series of reports aimed toward adoption of a new regional comprehensive plan by 1976. Contents include: re-statement of goals, interim development policy, regional land use concepts, and exploratory proposals Close

• 94. [Article] Research and Development of a Land Use Scenario Modeling Tool

  Oregon Department of Transportation’s (ODOT) Transportation Planning and Analysis Unit (TPAU) developed a land use modeling tool called the “Land Use Scenario Developer in R” (LUSDR). LUSDR is a modeling ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Research and Development of a Land Use Scenario Modeling Tool Author: Gliebe, John, Dong, Hongwei, Roll, Josh Frank Year: 2013 Oregon Department of Transportation’s (ODOT) Transportation Planning and Analysis Unit (TPAU) developed a land use modeling tool called the “Land Use Scenario Developer in R” (LUSDR). LUSDR is a modeling tool, written in the “R” language, that may be used to predict and analyze regional land use changes probabilistically, creating a distribution of possible outcomes. It is designed to be integrated with travel demand modeling programs, making it potentially valuable for analyzing the interaction between transportation and land use when assessing various growth-policy and socioeconomic assumptions. This project is Phase 2 for Research and Development of a Land Use Scenario Modeling Tool. It is intended to address several extant deficiencies in the LUSDR modeling tool, each identified below, as a separate research task. The original proposed outcomes of this research were a set of programs, data, and documentation that would comprise a deployable LUSDR package. Title: Research and Development of a Land Use Scenario Modeling Tool Author: Gliebe, John, Dong, Hongwei, Roll, Josh Frank Year: 2013 Oregon Department of Transportation’s (ODOT) Transportation Planning and Analysis Unit (TPAU) developed a land use modeling tool called the “Land Use Scenario Developer in R” (LUSDR). LUSDR is a modeling tool, written in the “R” language, that may be used to predict and analyze regional land use changes probabilistically, creating a distribution of possible outcomes. It is designed to be integrated with travel demand modeling programs, making it potentially valuable for analyzing the interaction between transportation and land use when assessing various growth-policy and socioeconomic assumptions. This project is Phase 2 for Research and Development of a Land Use Scenario Modeling Tool. It is intended to address several extant deficiencies in the LUSDR modeling tool, each identified below, as a separate research task. The original proposed outcomes of this research were a set of programs, data, and documentation that would comprise a deployable LUSDR package. Close

• 95. [Article] Continuous Data Integration for Land Use and Transportation Planning and Modeling

  There is an urgent need for improved models that address the interdependencies between land use and transportation, and considerable new work is underway to develop such models in Oregon and elsewhere. ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Continuous Data Integration for Land Use and Transportation Planning and Modeling Author: Wang, Liming, Kim, Kihong Year: 2014 There is an urgent need for improved models that address the interdependencies between land use and transportation, and considerable new work is underway to develop such models in Oregon and elsewhere. These models and planning practices to integrate land use into the process, however, require the integration of massive amounts of land use data that is messy and incomplete. There have been considerable advances in the treatment of such data problems in other domains, drawing on data mining and machine-learning techniques to address issues in various domains. To date, however, little systematic effort has applied these technological advances to the problem domain of land use and transportation data. Experience suggests that as much as 70% of the total effort in developing integrated land use and transportation models is directly or indirectly associated with data development, integration and cleaning, yet there is remarkably little systematic research focused on the development of reusable methods and tools to support this problem domain. In coordination with an ongoing project of similar theme funded by University of California Transportation Center (UCTC), this project will focus on bringing interdisciplinary methods to develop land use datasets for integrated land use and transportation planning and modeling, with special attention on preserving temporal dimension of the data and monitoring data quality through indicators. Utilizing statistics and machine-learning techniques, we will develop reusable tools that will create a harmonized and coherent land use database from various public and private sources. These tools will be made available to the public and can be used by cities, counties, metropolitan planning agencies, state agencies, universities or anyone else needing to develop a usable database for use in integrated planning and modeling. All of the resulting data, with the exception of proprietary or confidential input data where there is no viable alternative, would be public and reusable for planning and research. Title: Continuous Data Integration for Land Use and Transportation Planning and Modeling Author: Wang, Liming, Kim, Kihong Year: 2014 There is an urgent need for improved models that address the interdependencies between land use and transportation, and considerable new work is underway to develop such models in Oregon and elsewhere. These models and planning practices to integrate land use into the process, however, require the integration of massive amounts of land use data that is messy and incomplete. There have been considerable advances in the treatment of such data problems in other domains, drawing on data mining and machine-learning techniques to address issues in various domains. To date, however, little systematic effort has applied these technological advances to the problem domain of land use and transportation data. Experience suggests that as much as 70% of the total effort in developing integrated land use and transportation models is directly or indirectly associated with data development, integration and cleaning, yet there is remarkably little systematic research focused on the development of reusable methods and tools to support this problem domain. In coordination with an ongoing project of similar theme funded by University of California Transportation Center (UCTC), this project will focus on bringing interdisciplinary methods to develop land use datasets for integrated land use and transportation planning and modeling, with special attention on preserving temporal dimension of the data and monitoring data quality through indicators. Utilizing statistics and machine-learning techniques, we will develop reusable tools that will create a harmonized and coherent land use database from various public and private sources. These tools will be made available to the public and can be used by cities, counties, metropolitan planning agencies, state agencies, universities or anyone else needing to develop a usable database for use in integrated planning and modeling. All of the resulting data, with the exception of proprietary or confidential input data where there is no viable alternative, would be public and reusable for planning and research. Close

• 96. [Article] Contested Visions of Place: People, Power, and Perception on the Columbia's North Shore, 1805-1913

  This is a narrative of place, of intersections between people, power, and perception of landscape. The environs of the Columbia River Gorge create a very distinct sense of place. Where once a series of ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Contested Visions of Place: People, Power, and Perception on the Columbia's North Shore, 1805-1913 Author: Sinclair, Donna Lynn Year: 2004 This is a narrative of place, of intersections between people, power, and perception of landscape. The environs of the Columbia River Gorge create a very distinct sense of place. Where once a series of three rapids - the Cascades of the Columbia - blocked industrial upriver transport, now Bonneville Dam and Locks allows smooth passage. To the north the vast 1.3 million acre Gifford Pinchot National Forest dominates the landscape. On the Columbia's banks lies the town of Stevenson, Washington, with Carson a few miles away, in a transitory ecological zone between east and west, at the forest's edge. There, community development has been manifestly influenced by human relationships to the landscape. Contested visions of place during the nineteenth century resulted in violent conflict and framed debates over place.Examining struggles over who would control access, first to the Cascades of the Columbia, and then to the timber of the Wind River Valley, provides a venue for examining power - of nature, ideas, and changing human cultures as overlapping groups imposed their views of the good life onto the landscape. As each successive group gained power, the relationships of humans to the land, and to one another, changed. By examining historic connections between river and forest, and between human communities to each, this study identifies multiple meanings of the same environment for different groups. I use a bioregional approach, exploring relationships between land, people and resources on the Columbia's north bank between 1805 and 1913. Power relations at the Cascades and in the forest were determined through conflict, negotiation, and the federal government, with the human relationship to nature influencing outcomes. Conflict often resulted from struggles over access to place, while human groups negotiated their place within the landscape. Nature privileged one group over another through disease, fire, and human perception, while the United States government co-opted place through public land laws, Indian removal, and by measuring and bounding the landscape. Who gained access to the river and forest of the Columbia's north shore, and how they did it, is the focus of this story. Title: Contested Visions of Place: People, Power, and Perception on the Columbia's North Shore, 1805-1913 Author: Sinclair, Donna Lynn Year: 2004 This is a narrative of place, of intersections between people, power, and perception of landscape. The environs of the Columbia River Gorge create a very distinct sense of place. Where once a series of three rapids - the Cascades of the Columbia - blocked industrial upriver transport, now Bonneville Dam and Locks allows smooth passage. To the north the vast 1.3 million acre Gifford Pinchot National Forest dominates the landscape. On the Columbia's banks lies the town of Stevenson, Washington, with Carson a few miles away, in a transitory ecological zone between east and west, at the forest's edge. There, community development has been manifestly influenced by human relationships to the landscape. Contested visions of place during the nineteenth century resulted in violent conflict and framed debates over place.Examining struggles over who would control access, first to the Cascades of the Columbia, and then to the timber of the Wind River Valley, provides a venue for examining power - of nature, ideas, and changing human cultures as overlapping groups imposed their views of the good life onto the landscape. As each successive group gained power, the relationships of humans to the land, and to one another, changed. By examining historic connections between river and forest, and between human communities to each, this study identifies multiple meanings of the same environment for different groups. I use a bioregional approach, exploring relationships between land, people and resources on the Columbia's north bank between 1805 and 1913. Power relations at the Cascades and in the forest were determined through conflict, negotiation, and the federal government, with the human relationship to nature influencing outcomes. Conflict often resulted from struggles over access to place, while human groups negotiated their place within the landscape. Nature privileged one group over another through disease, fire, and human perception, while the United States government co-opted place through public land laws, Indian removal, and by measuring and bounding the landscape. Who gained access to the river and forest of the Columbia's north shore, and how they did it, is the focus of this story. Close

• 97. [Article] An Activity-Related Land Use Mix Construct and its Connection to Pedestrian Travel

  Integrating a diverse set of land use types within a neighborhood is a central tenet of smart growth policy. Over a generation of urban planning research has heralded the transportation, land use, and ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: An Activity-Related Land Use Mix Construct and its Connection to Pedestrian Travel Author: Gehrke, Steven R., Clifton, Kelly J. Year: 2017 Integrating a diverse set of land use types within a neighborhood is a central tenet of smart growth policy. Over a generation of urban planning research has heralded the transportation, land use, and public health benefits arising from a balanced supply of local land uses, including the improved feasibility for pedestrian travel. However, land use mixing has largely remained a transportation-land use planning goal without a conceptually valid set of environmental indicators quantifying this multifaceted spatial phenomenon. In this study, we incorporated activity-based transportation planning and landscape ecology theory within a confirmatory factor analysis framework to introduce a land use mix construct indicative of the paired landscape pattern aspects of composition and configuration. We found that our activity-related land use mix measure, and not the commonly adopted entropy-based index, predicted walk mode choice and home-based walk trip frequency when operationalized at three geographic scales. Title: An Activity-Related Land Use Mix Construct and its Connection to Pedestrian Travel Author: Gehrke, Steven R., Clifton, Kelly J. Year: 2017 Integrating a diverse set of land use types within a neighborhood is a central tenet of smart growth policy. Over a generation of urban planning research has heralded the transportation, land use, and public health benefits arising from a balanced supply of local land uses, including the improved feasibility for pedestrian travel. However, land use mixing has largely remained a transportation-land use planning goal without a conceptually valid set of environmental indicators quantifying this multifaceted spatial phenomenon. In this study, we incorporated activity-based transportation planning and landscape ecology theory within a confirmatory factor analysis framework to introduce a land use mix construct indicative of the paired landscape pattern aspects of composition and configuration. We found that our activity-related land use mix measure, and not the commonly adopted entropy-based index, predicted walk mode choice and home-based walk trip frequency when operationalized at three geographic scales. Close

• 98. [Article] Evaluating urban containment programs

  Urban containment programs may be evaluated in terms of a theory unifying contributions from the economic, geographic and political science disciplines. The unified theory shows that successful programs ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Evaluating urban containment programs Author: Nelson, Arthur C. Year: 1984 Urban containment programs may be evaluated in terms of a theory unifying contributions from the economic, geographic and political science disciplines. The unified theory shows that successful programs will segment the urban-rural land market, remove speculative use value of rural land, and result in the urban land market valuing greenbelt proximity as an amenity. A general model to test urban containment programs against the unified theory is developed and then modified for application to Salem, Oregon. Results are fourfold. First, a gap in the locus of urban and rural land values at the UGB indicates that segmentation of the urban-rural land market is associated with urban containment policies. Second, the simultaneous effect of imposing a UGB proximate to urban development and subjecting rural land to conservancy zoning is to remove the speculative value component of rural land and reveal Sinclair's (1967) underlying convex quadratic agricultural use land value gradient. This finding is important in two respects: (a) it confirms the possibility of Sinclair's gradient, which has not been supported empirically hitherto, and (b) it suggests that a program's success in preserving greenbelt land solely for agricultural uses can be evidenced if Sinclair's gradient is revealed. Third, the conditions under which a program may fail to preserve rural land from speculative behavior will be evidenced by the traditional negatively sloping land value gradient. Fourth, where urban development is proximate to a UGB delineating greenbelts, the urban land market will value its proximity as an amenity. This finding is important in two respects: (a) it suggests that proximity to privately owned greenbelts may be valued as an amenity in the urban land market, a finding which has not been reported empirically hitherto, and (b) if an urban land market has confidence in the ability of an urban containment program to prevent sprawl into greenbelts, then it will treat greenbelt proximity as an amenity. The unified theory and methodology developed by this dissertation are generalizable to the evaluation of other urban containment programs. Title: Evaluating urban containment programs Author: Nelson, Arthur C. Year: 1984 Urban containment programs may be evaluated in terms of a theory unifying contributions from the economic, geographic and political science disciplines. The unified theory shows that successful programs will segment the urban-rural land market, remove speculative use value of rural land, and result in the urban land market valuing greenbelt proximity as an amenity. A general model to test urban containment programs against the unified theory is developed and then modified for application to Salem, Oregon. Results are fourfold. First, a gap in the locus of urban and rural land values at the UGB indicates that segmentation of the urban-rural land market is associated with urban containment policies. Second, the simultaneous effect of imposing a UGB proximate to urban development and subjecting rural land to conservancy zoning is to remove the speculative value component of rural land and reveal Sinclair's (1967) underlying convex quadratic agricultural use land value gradient. This finding is important in two respects: (a) it confirms the possibility of Sinclair's gradient, which has not been supported empirically hitherto, and (b) it suggests that a program's success in preserving greenbelt land solely for agricultural uses can be evidenced if Sinclair's gradient is revealed. Third, the conditions under which a program may fail to preserve rural land from speculative behavior will be evidenced by the traditional negatively sloping land value gradient. Fourth, where urban development is proximate to a UGB delineating greenbelts, the urban land market will value its proximity as an amenity. This finding is important in two respects: (a) it suggests that proximity to privately owned greenbelts may be valued as an amenity in the urban land market, a finding which has not been reported empirically hitherto, and (b) if an urban land market has confidence in the ability of an urban containment program to prevent sprawl into greenbelts, then it will treat greenbelt proximity as an amenity. The unified theory and methodology developed by this dissertation are generalizable to the evaluation of other urban containment programs. Close

• 99. [Article] Household Water Demand and Land Use Context: A Multilevel Approach

  Urban water use arises from a mix of scale-dependent biophysical and socioeconomic factors. In Portland, Oregon, single-family residential water use exhibits a tightly coupled relationship with summertime ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Household Water Demand and Land Use Context: A Multilevel Approach Author: Breyer, Elizabeth Yancey Year: 2014 Urban water use arises from a mix of scale-dependent biophysical and socioeconomic factors. In Portland, Oregon, single-family residential water use exhibits a tightly coupled relationship with summertime weather, although this relationship varies with land use patterns across households and neighborhoods. This thesis developed a multilevel regression model to evaluate the relative importance of weather variability, parcel land use characteristics, and neighborhood geographic context in explaining single-family residential water demand patterns in the Portland metropolitan area. The model drew on a high-resolution panel dataset of weekly mean summer water use over five years (2001-2005) for a sample of 460 single-family households spanning an urban-to-suburban gradient. Water use was found to be most elastic with respect to parcel-scale building size. Building age was negatively related to water use at both the parcel and neighborhood scale. Half the variation in water use can be attributed to between-household factors. Between-neighborhood variation exerted a modest but statistically significant effect. The analysis decomposed household temperature sensitivity into four components: a fixed effect common to all households, a household-specific deviation from the fixed effect, a separate extreme heat effect, and a land use effect, where lot size exaggerated the effect of temperature on water use. Results suggested that land use planning may be an effective non-price mechanism for long-range management of peak demand, as land use decisions have water use implications. The combined effects of population growth, urbanization, and climate change expose water providers to risk of water stress. Modeling fine-grain relationships among heat, land use, and water use across scales plays a role in long-range climate change planning and adaptation. Title: Household Water Demand and Land Use Context: A Multilevel Approach Author: Breyer, Elizabeth Yancey Year: 2014 Urban water use arises from a mix of scale-dependent biophysical and socioeconomic factors. In Portland, Oregon, single-family residential water use exhibits a tightly coupled relationship with summertime weather, although this relationship varies with land use patterns across households and neighborhoods. This thesis developed a multilevel regression model to evaluate the relative importance of weather variability, parcel land use characteristics, and neighborhood geographic context in explaining single-family residential water demand patterns in the Portland metropolitan area. The model drew on a high-resolution panel dataset of weekly mean summer water use over five years (2001-2005) for a sample of 460 single-family households spanning an urban-to-suburban gradient. Water use was found to be most elastic with respect to parcel-scale building size. Building age was negatively related to water use at both the parcel and neighborhood scale. Half the variation in water use can be attributed to between-household factors. Between-neighborhood variation exerted a modest but statistically significant effect. The analysis decomposed household temperature sensitivity into four components: a fixed effect common to all households, a household-specific deviation from the fixed effect, a separate extreme heat effect, and a land use effect, where lot size exaggerated the effect of temperature on water use. Results suggested that land use planning may be an effective non-price mechanism for long-range management of peak demand, as land use decisions have water use implications. The combined effects of population growth, urbanization, and climate change expose water providers to risk of water stress. Modeling fine-grain relationships among heat, land use, and water use across scales plays a role in long-range climate change planning and adaptation. Close

• 100. [Article] Regional Transportation and Land Use Decision Making in Metropolitan Regions: Findings from Four Case Studies

  Throughout the United States, metropolitan regions face increasingly complex issues related to transportation and land use. The diffuse nature of decision making creates a need to better coordinate land ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Regional Transportation and Land Use Decision Making in Metropolitan Regions: Findings from Four Case Studies Author: Margerum, Richard D., Brody, Susan, Parker, Robert, McEwen, Gail, Moore, Terry Year: 2012 Throughout the United States, metropolitan regions face increasingly complex issues related to transportation and land use. The diffuse nature of decision making creates a need to better coordinate land use and transportation to address issues such as: congestion, infrastructure costs, and greenhouse gas emissions. Key players in this decision making are regional metropolitan planning organizations (MPOs) with transportation planning authority, regional planning responsibilities, and in some cases regional land use planning authority. The goal of this study was to describe and assess efforts by regional agencies to coordinate land use and transportation. Policies and processes in four key topic areas were examined: 1) Governance: formal and informal decision making approaches; 2) Coordination: strategies used to coordinate land use and transportation; 3) Growth Centers: policies to encourage development in higher density centers; and 4) Transportation Improvement Program (TIP): policies to incorporate smart growth criteria in TIP funding decisions. Title: Regional Transportation and Land Use Decision Making in Metropolitan Regions: Findings from Four Case Studies Author: Margerum, Richard D., Brody, Susan, Parker, Robert, McEwen, Gail, Moore, Terry Year: 2012 Throughout the United States, metropolitan regions face increasingly complex issues related to transportation and land use. The diffuse nature of decision making creates a need to better coordinate land use and transportation to address issues such as: congestion, infrastructure costs, and greenhouse gas emissions. Key players in this decision making are regional metropolitan planning organizations (MPOs) with transportation planning authority, regional planning responsibilities, and in some cases regional land use planning authority. The goal of this study was to describe and assess efforts by regional agencies to coordinate land use and transportation. Policies and processes in four key topic areas were examined: 1) Governance: formal and informal decision making approaches; 2) Coordination: strategies used to coordinate land use and transportation; 3) Growth Centers: policies to encourage development in higher density centers; and 4) Transportation Improvement Program (TIP): policies to incorporate smart growth criteria in TIP funding decisions. Close