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• 81. [Article] An analysis of women's jobs in the Middle East, 610 A.D.-1982

  In this survey, women's roles (jobs) and their participation in the workforce in the Muslim Middle-Eastern countries will be discussed generally; moreover, some of the Middle-Eastern countries, such as ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: An analysis of women's jobs in the Middle East, 610 A.D.-1982 Author: Taleghani, Malakeh Year: 1983 In this survey, women's roles (jobs) and their participation in the workforce in the Muslim Middle-Eastern countries will be discussed generally; moreover, some of the Middle-Eastern countries, such as Egypt and Iran, will be studied a little more specifically as a sample. The status of women, their education, skills, and profession, will be explained historically from the date of the Islamic period until today. The problems and factors that prohibited women from having outside jobs, social life, and equal rights in past and present times (from 610 A.D. to 1982) will be analyzed. On the other hand, the attempt is to make a general picture of women's conditions in the society to which they belong from the time of Muslim's Prophet until today. Title: An analysis of women's jobs in the Middle East, 610 A.D.-1982 Author: Taleghani, Malakeh Year: 1983 In this survey, women's roles (jobs) and their participation in the workforce in the Muslim Middle-Eastern countries will be discussed generally; moreover, some of the Middle-Eastern countries, such as Egypt and Iran, will be studied a little more specifically as a sample. The status of women, their education, skills, and profession, will be explained historically from the date of the Islamic period until today. The problems and factors that prohibited women from having outside jobs, social life, and equal rights in past and present times (from 610 A.D. to 1982) will be analyzed. On the other hand, the attempt is to make a general picture of women's conditions in the society to which they belong from the time of Muslim's Prophet until today. Close

• 82. [Article] Algeria in Perspective: Changing the Understanding of the Modern Algerian State

  Much of the existing literature on the modern state of Algeria reinforces rivalry-based understandings of the politico-linguistic infrastructure that overemphasize the presence of a dichotomy (French v. ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Algeria in Perspective: Changing the Understanding of the Modern Algerian State Author: Averett, Austin Year: 2015 Much of the existing literature on the modern state of Algeria reinforces rivalry-based understandings of the politico-linguistic infrastructure that overemphasize the presence of a dichotomy (French v. Arabic) in the linguistic make up of the state. Many studies rely on this construction of an Algerian language dichotomy to predict the future of the state, while; in fact, more attention should be paid to the multilingual, multicultural, and multinational reality of the larger demographic. Algeria’s history of language rationalization has laid the foundation for unique institutional reflections of state power dynamics within a multilingual environment. Discussions of Algeria’s historical background, identity construction, revolutionary movements, nationalism, and the future of Algerian governance would benefit from a more comprehensive and interdisciplinary exploration of the language attitudes that exist across demographics. This paper explores works by sociolinguists such as Hafid Gafaïti, Wallace Lambert, and Mohamed Benrabah and political scientists such as Lindsay Benstead, Amaney Jamal, and Megan Reif to develop how sociolinguistic survey methodologies such at the Matched Guise technique might be utilized to form a better understanding of Algeria's political prospects. Title: Algeria in Perspective: Changing the Understanding of the Modern Algerian State Author: Averett, Austin Year: 2015 Much of the existing literature on the modern state of Algeria reinforces rivalry-based understandings of the politico-linguistic infrastructure that overemphasize the presence of a dichotomy (French v. Arabic) in the linguistic make up of the state. Many studies rely on this construction of an Algerian language dichotomy to predict the future of the state, while; in fact, more attention should be paid to the multilingual, multicultural, and multinational reality of the larger demographic. Algeria’s history of language rationalization has laid the foundation for unique institutional reflections of state power dynamics within a multilingual environment. Discussions of Algeria’s historical background, identity construction, revolutionary movements, nationalism, and the future of Algerian governance would benefit from a more comprehensive and interdisciplinary exploration of the language attitudes that exist across demographics. This paper explores works by sociolinguists such as Hafid Gafaïti, Wallace Lambert, and Mohamed Benrabah and political scientists such as Lindsay Benstead, Amaney Jamal, and Megan Reif to develop how sociolinguistic survey methodologies such at the Matched Guise technique might be utilized to form a better understanding of Algeria's political prospects. Close

• 83. [Article] Collaborative Writing in Wikis: Insights from Culture Projects in Intermediate German Classes

  This presentation reports the findings of a study designed to investigate the collaborative writing and revision processes of foreign language learners in a wiki environment. Specifically, it is based ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Collaborative Writing in Wikis: Insights from Culture Projects in Intermediate German Classes Author: Arnold, Nike, Ducate, Lara, Kost, Claudia Year: 2009 This presentation reports the findings of a study designed to investigate the collaborative writing and revision processes of foreign language learners in a wiki environment. Specifically, it is based on a comparison of two wiki projects in intermediate German classes in which small groups of students used wikis to collaborate on a project based on cultural and historical topics related to a novel. The archived versions of the wiki were analyzed for the amount, type, and quality of revisions. In addition, an end-of-semester survey was administered to assess learner attitudes towards the project and perceptions of the writing process. Title: Collaborative Writing in Wikis: Insights from Culture Projects in Intermediate German Classes Author: Arnold, Nike, Ducate, Lara, Kost, Claudia Year: 2009 This presentation reports the findings of a study designed to investigate the collaborative writing and revision processes of foreign language learners in a wiki environment. Specifically, it is based on a comparison of two wiki projects in intermediate German classes in which small groups of students used wikis to collaborate on a project based on cultural and historical topics related to a novel. The archived versions of the wiki were analyzed for the amount, type, and quality of revisions. In addition, an end-of-semester survey was administered to assess learner attitudes towards the project and perceptions of the writing process. Close

• 84. [Article] The Lents International Farmer’s Market: A Case and Comparative Study

  The Lents neighborhood is a designated urban renewal area that has historically lacked access to ample grocery stores offering fresh produce. The Lents International Farmer’s Market enhances health and ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The Lents International Farmer’s Market: A Case and Comparative Study Author: Egan, Sarah Year: 2013 The Lents neighborhood is a designated urban renewal area that has historically lacked access to ample grocery stores offering fresh produce. The Lents International Farmer’s Market enhances health and community by providing a community space to purchase fresh fruits and vegetables. Examining the Lents International Farmer’s Market is an invaluable opportunity to learn more about consumer shopping behavior and market expectations. This study also seeks to identify vendor opportunities and barriers when establishing themselves as retailers at Lents International Farmer’s Market. From both a business and consumer perspective, it is crucial for the market’s survival to gain a sense what is and is not working. Information obtained through customer surveys and structured vendor interviews could benefit the market and help secure its longevity in the Lents neighborhood. This market could also serve as a model to be replicated in other similar neighborhoods should it remain successful. Additionally, I will be comparing data from the Lents International Farmer’s Market to data collected from the more affluent Moreland Farmer’s Market, to compare information that comes from different demographic areas in Portland. Title: The Lents International Farmer’s Market: A Case and Comparative Study Author: Egan, Sarah Year: 2013 The Lents neighborhood is a designated urban renewal area that has historically lacked access to ample grocery stores offering fresh produce. The Lents International Farmer’s Market enhances health and community by providing a community space to purchase fresh fruits and vegetables. Examining the Lents International Farmer’s Market is an invaluable opportunity to learn more about consumer shopping behavior and market expectations. This study also seeks to identify vendor opportunities and barriers when establishing themselves as retailers at Lents International Farmer’s Market. From both a business and consumer perspective, it is crucial for the market’s survival to gain a sense what is and is not working. Information obtained through customer surveys and structured vendor interviews could benefit the market and help secure its longevity in the Lents neighborhood. This market could also serve as a model to be replicated in other similar neighborhoods should it remain successful. Additionally, I will be comparing data from the Lents International Farmer’s Market to data collected from the more affluent Moreland Farmer’s Market, to compare information that comes from different demographic areas in Portland. Close

• 85. [Article] Population Forecast for Lane County, its Cities and Unincorporated Area 2008-2035

  This report presents the results of a study conducted by the Population Research Center (PRC) to address the long-range planning needs of Lane County and produce population forecasts at the county and ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Population Forecast for Lane County, its Cities and Unincorporated Area 2008-2035 Author: Portland State University. Population Research Center, Proehl, Risa S., Hough, George C., Jr., Ru, Danan, Radin, Kenneth, Gilbert, Mark Year: 2009 This report presents the results of a study conducted by the Population Research Center (PRC) to address the long-range planning needs of Lane County and produce population forecasts at the county and sub-county level. This report considers recent and historical demographic changes experienced within the County and provides forecasts from 2008 to 2035 in 5-year intervals. Expected future populations that result from the most-likely demographic trends throughout Lane County are presented in this report. Title: Population Forecast for Lane County, its Cities and Unincorporated Area 2008-2035 Author: Portland State University. Population Research Center, Proehl, Risa S., Hough, George C., Jr., Ru, Danan, Radin, Kenneth, Gilbert, Mark Year: 2009 This report presents the results of a study conducted by the Population Research Center (PRC) to address the long-range planning needs of Lane County and produce population forecasts at the county and sub-county level. This report considers recent and historical demographic changes experienced within the County and provides forecasts from 2008 to 2035 in 5-year intervals. Expected future populations that result from the most-likely demographic trends throughout Lane County are presented in this report. Close

• 86. [Article] Comparative Standards for Intensive Livestock Operations in Canada, Mexico, and the United States

  Livestock farming has been transformed in the past twenty years from a business dominated by relatively small producers to one dominated by large facilities raising thousands of animals. A side effect ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Comparative Standards for Intensive Livestock Operations in Canada, Mexico, and the United States Author: Speir, Jerry, Bowden, Marie-Ann, Ervin, David E., McElfish, Jim, Espejo, Rosario P., Whitehouse, Tim, Carpentier, Chantal L. Year: 2003 Livestock farming has been transformed in the past twenty years from a business dominated by relatively small producers to one dominated by large facilities raising thousands of animals. A side effect of this development has been a new set of environmental concerns unique to this industry. While regulation of livestock agriculture has historically been a state/provincial and local matter, governments from the local to the federal level have found themselves grappling with the issues created by these new, concentrated facilities. This Report surveys the current environmental requirements for "intensive livestock operations" (ILOs) in the United States, Mexico and Canada. The Report draws conclusions about current regulatory regimes and makes recommendations on the management of environmental issues associated with ILOs. Title: Comparative Standards for Intensive Livestock Operations in Canada, Mexico, and the United States Author: Speir, Jerry, Bowden, Marie-Ann, Ervin, David E., McElfish, Jim, Espejo, Rosario P., Whitehouse, Tim, Carpentier, Chantal L. Year: 2003 Livestock farming has been transformed in the past twenty years from a business dominated by relatively small producers to one dominated by large facilities raising thousands of animals. A side effect of this development has been a new set of environmental concerns unique to this industry. While regulation of livestock agriculture has historically been a state/provincial and local matter, governments from the local to the federal level have found themselves grappling with the issues created by these new, concentrated facilities. This Report surveys the current environmental requirements for "intensive livestock operations" (ILOs) in the United States, Mexico and Canada. The Report draws conclusions about current regulatory regimes and makes recommendations on the management of environmental issues associated with ILOs. Close

• 87. [Article] Population Forecast for Yamhill County Oregon, its Cities and Unincorporated Area 2011-2035

  This report presents the results of a study conducted by the Population Research Center (PRC) to address the long-range planning needs of Yamhill County and produce population forecasts at the county and ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Population Forecast for Yamhill County Oregon, its Cities and Unincorporated Area 2011-2035 Author: Portland State University. Population Research Center, Proehl, Risa S., Siu, Vivian, Rancik, Kevin Year: 2012 This report presents the results of a study conducted by the Population Research Center (PRC) to address the long-range planning needs of Yamhill County and produce population forecasts at the county and sub-county level. This report considers recent and historical demographic changes experienced within the County and provides forecasts from 2010 to 2035 in 5-year intervals and for years 2012 and 2032. Expected future populations that result from the most-likely demographic trends throughout Yamhill County are presented in this report. Sub-county populations and forecasts in this study represent the area within each city's urban growth boundary with the exception of the non-UGB county unincorporated area and the Polk County portion of Willamina. Title: Population Forecast for Yamhill County Oregon, its Cities and Unincorporated Area 2011-2035 Author: Portland State University. Population Research Center, Proehl, Risa S., Siu, Vivian, Rancik, Kevin Year: 2012 This report presents the results of a study conducted by the Population Research Center (PRC) to address the long-range planning needs of Yamhill County and produce population forecasts at the county and sub-county level. This report considers recent and historical demographic changes experienced within the County and provides forecasts from 2010 to 2035 in 5-year intervals and for years 2012 and 2032. Expected future populations that result from the most-likely demographic trends throughout Yamhill County are presented in this report. Sub-county populations and forecasts in this study represent the area within each city's urban growth boundary with the exception of the non-UGB county unincorporated area and the Polk County portion of Willamina. Close

• 88. [Article] 2013 Annual Population Report Tables (April 15, 2014)

  This item contains Oregon population tables. Prepared by Population Research Center, Portland State University, April 15, 2014. The tables in the tabs in this workbook hold the 2013 population estimates ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: 2013 Annual Population Report Tables (April 15, 2014) Author: Portland State University. Population Research Center Year: 2014 This item contains Oregon population tables. Prepared by Population Research Center, Portland State University, April 15, 2014. The tables in the tabs in this workbook hold the 2013 population estimates produced by the Population Research Center, Portland State University. The July 1 estimates of total population for counties and cities and towns were certified December 15, 2013. Note that the July 1, 2013 population estimate for Lincoln City was revised and certified to be retroactive to December 31, 2013. Some tables include the U.S. Census Bureau's decennial Census counts and historical population estimates produced by our Center, and other tables include calculations of change since Census 2010. There are footnotes that accompany Tables 1 through 7. Title: 2013 Annual Population Report Tables (April 15, 2014) Author: Portland State University. Population Research Center Year: 2014 This item contains Oregon population tables. Prepared by Population Research Center, Portland State University, April 15, 2014. The tables in the tabs in this workbook hold the 2013 population estimates produced by the Population Research Center, Portland State University. The July 1 estimates of total population for counties and cities and towns were certified December 15, 2013. Note that the July 1, 2013 population estimate for Lincoln City was revised and certified to be retroactive to December 31, 2013. Some tables include the U.S. Census Bureau's decennial Census counts and historical population estimates produced by our Center, and other tables include calculations of change since Census 2010. There are footnotes that accompany Tables 1 through 7. Close

• 89. [Article] Modeling the Distribution of Bobcats and Areas of Reintroduction for Fisher in the Southern Washington Cascades

  The fisher (Martes pennanti) is a medium sized member of the mustelid family that once roamed the forests of Washington and whose historic range in the western United States once spread throughout the ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Modeling the Distribution of Bobcats and Areas of Reintroduction for Fisher in the Southern Washington Cascades Author: Halsey, Shiloh Michael Year: 2013 The fisher (Martes pennanti) is a medium sized member of the mustelid family that once roamed the forests of Washington and whose historic range in the western United States once spread throughout the northern Rocky Mountains, the Cascade and Coast Ranges, and the Sierra Nevada (Carroll, Zielinski, and Noss 1999; Powell 1993, Spencer et al. 2011). Due to pressures from trapping and habitat fragmentation, the abundance of the species in the western United States has decreased dramatically and is thought to be limited to several small, isolated populations. In 2008, fishers were reintroduced to the Olympic Peninsula; however, bobcat (Lynx rufus) predation in the first years is thought to have killed off a significant portion of the released fisher hindering their ability to establish a self-sustaining population (Lewis et al. 2011). Other studies in the western United States have shown that bobcats can be a dramatic force on small or isolated fisher populations. The coniferous forest of the southern Washington Cascades is the possible site of a release of currently extirpated fishers. My research examines the distribution of bobcats in the region and explores the implication this and the habitat variables of the area have for a future reintroduction of fisher. The workflow of the research was a stepwise process of: 1) surveying forested areas in the southern Washington Cascades for the presence and absence of bobcat and acquiring previously completed survey data 2) using a classification tree to model the correlation of bobcat presence or absence with forest variables and 3) applying these relationships to spatial analysis the creation of maps showing areas of high ranking fisher habitat. The classification tree modeled the correlation between the forest variables and the results of the surveys, which included 145 bobcat absence observations and 39 presence observations. The model highlighted a 95% probability of absence above 1,303 m in elevation, 73% probability of absence in areas under 1,303 m in elevation and with a tree diameter value under 43.45 cm, 57% probability of absence in areas between 1,070 m and 1,303 m in elevation and with a tree diameter value above 43.45 cm, and an 89% probability of bobcat presence in areas under 1,070 m in elevation with a tree diameter value above 43.45 cm. I applied an upper elevation limit of 1,676 meters as a threshold for suitable habitat and only considered habitat suitable in cells with a tree diameter above 29 cm. The three locations highlighted as the most suitable areas for reintroduction due to a large amount of the highest ranking habitat and the largest aggregations of suitable habitat cells were around the William O. Douglas Wilderness that straddles the border of the Gifford Pinchot National Forest (GPNF) and the Wenatchee National Forest, another location in the Norse Peak Wilderness northeast of Mount Rainier, and a third location in Indian Heaven Wilderness in the southern portion of the GPNF. Title: Modeling the Distribution of Bobcats and Areas of Reintroduction for Fisher in the Southern Washington Cascades Author: Halsey, Shiloh Michael Year: 2013 The fisher (Martes pennanti) is a medium sized member of the mustelid family that once roamed the forests of Washington and whose historic range in the western United States once spread throughout the northern Rocky Mountains, the Cascade and Coast Ranges, and the Sierra Nevada (Carroll, Zielinski, and Noss 1999; Powell 1993, Spencer et al. 2011). Due to pressures from trapping and habitat fragmentation, the abundance of the species in the western United States has decreased dramatically and is thought to be limited to several small, isolated populations. In 2008, fishers were reintroduced to the Olympic Peninsula; however, bobcat (Lynx rufus) predation in the first years is thought to have killed off a significant portion of the released fisher hindering their ability to establish a self-sustaining population (Lewis et al. 2011). Other studies in the western United States have shown that bobcats can be a dramatic force on small or isolated fisher populations. The coniferous forest of the southern Washington Cascades is the possible site of a release of currently extirpated fishers. My research examines the distribution of bobcats in the region and explores the implication this and the habitat variables of the area have for a future reintroduction of fisher. The workflow of the research was a stepwise process of: 1) surveying forested areas in the southern Washington Cascades for the presence and absence of bobcat and acquiring previously completed survey data 2) using a classification tree to model the correlation of bobcat presence or absence with forest variables and 3) applying these relationships to spatial analysis the creation of maps showing areas of high ranking fisher habitat. The classification tree modeled the correlation between the forest variables and the results of the surveys, which included 145 bobcat absence observations and 39 presence observations. The model highlighted a 95% probability of absence above 1,303 m in elevation, 73% probability of absence in areas under 1,303 m in elevation and with a tree diameter value under 43.45 cm, 57% probability of absence in areas between 1,070 m and 1,303 m in elevation and with a tree diameter value above 43.45 cm, and an 89% probability of bobcat presence in areas under 1,070 m in elevation with a tree diameter value above 43.45 cm. I applied an upper elevation limit of 1,676 meters as a threshold for suitable habitat and only considered habitat suitable in cells with a tree diameter above 29 cm. The three locations highlighted as the most suitable areas for reintroduction due to a large amount of the highest ranking habitat and the largest aggregations of suitable habitat cells were around the William O. Douglas Wilderness that straddles the border of the Gifford Pinchot National Forest (GPNF) and the Wenatchee National Forest, another location in the Norse Peak Wilderness northeast of Mount Rainier, and a third location in Indian Heaven Wilderness in the southern portion of the GPNF. Close

• 90. [Article] A Study of Special Preparation and Training Needs of Middle School Teachers

  The concept of middle level schooling has existed in the United States since the early 1900s. During the early 1960s, middle level schools were organized to meet the unique developmental needs of early ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: A Study of Special Preparation and Training Needs of Middle School Teachers Author: Seger, Marilyn Year: 1995 The concept of middle level schooling has existed in the United States since the early 1900s. During the early 1960s, middle level schools were organized to meet the unique developmental needs of early adolescents. Yet, special training, preparation and/or certification for aspiring teachers who wish to work at this level are not available in the majority of states. Many state licensing agencies provide either elementary or secondary certification, which historically was believed to be adequate for middle level teaching. This study investigates the special preparation and training needs of middle level teachers as perceived by teachers and administrators in a suburban school district which was involved for several years in the implementation of innovative practices for middle schools. Middle level educators in this district had received in-service training and were engaged in considerable discussions on research related to effective middle schools. Thirty teachers and 10 administrators were surveyed about their own levels of preparation and their concepts of the elements of model preparation programs for middle school teachers. In a follow-up interview process, including a sample of the survey respondents, interviewees discussed in-depth their district's middle school programs; the impact of a state grant focusing on middle school organizational and instructional issues; and their perceptions about staff development needs of middle school personnel that were not being addressed. The data obtained through survey responses, interviews, and examination of district documents showed that the majority of the sample personnel received their training in middle school concept areas through formal in-service opportunities and/or on the job experience. Furthermore, a majority of the participants endorsed and expressed a need for the following: a special preparation program for middle school teachers containing field experience at the middle level; training in the unique developmental needs of the early adolescent; and, special training in a variety of instructional strategies. Results also indicated that the sample personnel were not aware of the school district's own studies on middle level schooling and were dissatisfied with the current programs, which they felt had suffered as a result of a lack of effective leadership at the district and building levels. Title: A Study of Special Preparation and Training Needs of Middle School Teachers Author: Seger, Marilyn Year: 1995 The concept of middle level schooling has existed in the United States since the early 1900s. During the early 1960s, middle level schools were organized to meet the unique developmental needs of early adolescents. Yet, special training, preparation and/or certification for aspiring teachers who wish to work at this level are not available in the majority of states. Many state licensing agencies provide either elementary or secondary certification, which historically was believed to be adequate for middle level teaching. This study investigates the special preparation and training needs of middle level teachers as perceived by teachers and administrators in a suburban school district which was involved for several years in the implementation of innovative practices for middle schools. Middle level educators in this district had received in-service training and were engaged in considerable discussions on research related to effective middle schools. Thirty teachers and 10 administrators were surveyed about their own levels of preparation and their concepts of the elements of model preparation programs for middle school teachers. In a follow-up interview process, including a sample of the survey respondents, interviewees discussed in-depth their district's middle school programs; the impact of a state grant focusing on middle school organizational and instructional issues; and their perceptions about staff development needs of middle school personnel that were not being addressed. The data obtained through survey responses, interviews, and examination of district documents showed that the majority of the sample personnel received their training in middle school concept areas through formal in-service opportunities and/or on the job experience. Furthermore, a majority of the participants endorsed and expressed a need for the following: a special preparation program for middle school teachers containing field experience at the middle level; training in the unique developmental needs of the early adolescent; and, special training in a variety of instructional strategies. Results also indicated that the sample personnel were not aware of the school district's own studies on middle level schooling and were dissatisfied with the current programs, which they felt had suffered as a result of a lack of effective leadership at the district and building levels. Close