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• 71. [Article] A Migratable User-Level Process Package for PVM

  Shared, multi-user, workstation networks are characterized by unpredictable variability in system load. Further, the concept of workstation ownership is typically present. For efficient and unobtrusive ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: A Migratable User-Level Process Package for PVM Author: Kunuru, Ravi, Otto, Steve, Walpole, Jonathan Year: 1997 Shared, multi-user, workstation networks are characterized by unpredictable variability in system load. Further, the concept of workstation ownership is typically present. For efficient and unobtrusive computing in such environments, applications must not only overlap their computation with communication but also redistribute their computations adaptively based on changes in workstation availability and load. Managing these issues at application level leads to programs that are difficult to write and debug. In this paper, we present a system that manages this dynamic multi-processor environment while exporting a simple message-based programming model of a dedicated, distributed memory multiprocessor to applications. Programmers are thus insulated from the many complexities of the dynamic environment at the same time are able to achieve the benefits of multi-threading, adaptive load distribution and unobtrusive computing. To support the dedicated multi-processor model efficiently, the system defines a new kind of virtual processor called User-Level Process (ULP) that can be used to implement efficient multi-threading and application-transparent migration. The viability of ULPs is demonstrated through UPVM, a prototype implementation of the PVM message passing interface using ULPs. Typically, existing PVM programs written in Single Program Multiple Data (SPMD) style need only be re-compiled to use this package. The design of the package is presented and the performance analyzed with respect to both micro-benchmarks and some complete PVM applications. Finally, we discuss aspects of the ULP package that affect its portability and its support for heterogeneity, application transparency, and application debugging. Title: A Migratable User-Level Process Package for PVM Author: Kunuru, Ravi, Otto, Steve, Walpole, Jonathan Year: 1997 Shared, multi-user, workstation networks are characterized by unpredictable variability in system load. Further, the concept of workstation ownership is typically present. For efficient and unobtrusive computing in such environments, applications must not only overlap their computation with communication but also redistribute their computations adaptively based on changes in workstation availability and load. Managing these issues at application level leads to programs that are difficult to write and debug. In this paper, we present a system that manages this dynamic multi-processor environment while exporting a simple message-based programming model of a dedicated, distributed memory multiprocessor to applications. Programmers are thus insulated from the many complexities of the dynamic environment at the same time are able to achieve the benefits of multi-threading, adaptive load distribution and unobtrusive computing. To support the dedicated multi-processor model efficiently, the system defines a new kind of virtual processor called User-Level Process (ULP) that can be used to implement efficient multi-threading and application-transparent migration. The viability of ULPs is demonstrated through UPVM, a prototype implementation of the PVM message passing interface using ULPs. Typically, existing PVM programs written in Single Program Multiple Data (SPMD) style need only be re-compiled to use this package. The design of the package is presented and the performance analyzed with respect to both micro-benchmarks and some complete PVM applications. Finally, we discuss aspects of the ULP package that affect its portability and its support for heterogeneity, application transparency, and application debugging. Close

• 72. [Article] Gene Expression Life History Markers in a Hatchery and a Wild Population of Young-of-the-Year Oncorhynchus mykiss

  Life history within a single species can vary significantly. Many of these differences are associated with varying environmental conditions. Understanding what environmental conditions cue alternate life ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Gene Expression Life History Markers in a Hatchery and a Wild Population of Young-of-the-Year Oncorhynchus mykiss Author: Garrett, Ian D. F. Year: 2013 Life history within a single species can vary significantly. Many of these differences are associated with varying environmental conditions. Understanding what environmental conditions cue alternate life histories within a single species has been researched extensively. In salmonid fishes, more than almost any other group, varying environmental conditions give rise to individuals within species that take markedly different life history trajectories. Oncorhynchus mykissis a species of salmonid native to the Pacific Northwest region of North America. This species has two life history forms, anadromous and resident. The anadromous form spends a portion of its life in ocean while the resident life history form completes its entire life history in freshwater. Until the decision to migrate and morphological changes associated with smoltification occur, the two life history variants of this species are indistinguishable from each other. This ambiguity in juvenile O. mykiss morphology presents challenges for conservation managers charged with protecting and increasing threatened O. mykiss populations around the Pacific Northwest because conservation efforts cannot be evaluated until juvenile fish make the decision to migrate. Microarray gene expression analysis was used to profile gene expression in juvenile populations of wild and hatchery O. mykiss to identify gene expression variation associated with alternate life history variants. This analysis identified 8 DNA sequences present in both brain and gill tissues that differ in expression in rainbow trout and steelhead hatchery stocks. Differential expression as quantified by microarrays was validated with quantitative real-time PCR. Lastly, the expression of these putative life history markers was preliminarily evaluated in a wild population of O. mykiss at sample locations in the South Fork John Day River Basin, Oregon with known ratios of juvenile anadromous and resident fish. Title: Gene Expression Life History Markers in a Hatchery and a Wild Population of Young-of-the-Year Oncorhynchus mykiss Author: Garrett, Ian D. F. Year: 2013 Life history within a single species can vary significantly. Many of these differences are associated with varying environmental conditions. Understanding what environmental conditions cue alternate life histories within a single species has been researched extensively. In salmonid fishes, more than almost any other group, varying environmental conditions give rise to individuals within species that take markedly different life history trajectories. Oncorhynchus mykissis a species of salmonid native to the Pacific Northwest region of North America. This species has two life history forms, anadromous and resident. The anadromous form spends a portion of its life in ocean while the resident life history form completes its entire life history in freshwater. Until the decision to migrate and morphological changes associated with smoltification occur, the two life history variants of this species are indistinguishable from each other. This ambiguity in juvenile O. mykiss morphology presents challenges for conservation managers charged with protecting and increasing threatened O. mykiss populations around the Pacific Northwest because conservation efforts cannot be evaluated until juvenile fish make the decision to migrate. Microarray gene expression analysis was used to profile gene expression in juvenile populations of wild and hatchery O. mykiss to identify gene expression variation associated with alternate life history variants. This analysis identified 8 DNA sequences present in both brain and gill tissues that differ in expression in rainbow trout and steelhead hatchery stocks. Differential expression as quantified by microarrays was validated with quantitative real-time PCR. Lastly, the expression of these putative life history markers was preliminarily evaluated in a wild population of O. mykiss at sample locations in the South Fork John Day River Basin, Oregon with known ratios of juvenile anadromous and resident fish. Close

• 73. [Article] Papers Please: Immigration, Enforcement, and Remittances

  Immigrants are an understated agent in local economies. Whilst legal immigrants may be accounted for in the macro realm, illegal immigrants are very much an externality. Immigrant agents participate heavily ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Papers Please: Immigration, Enforcement, and Remittances Author: Rojas-Fallas, Jose A. Year: 2017 Immigrants are an understated agent in local economies. Whilst legal immigrants may be accounted for in the macro realm, illegal immigrants are very much an externality. Immigrant agents participate heavily in local economies, almost exclusively, due to their status and the implicit risks associated with it. Immigrants’ decision to migrate towards better economies come with the goal of achieving prosperity that more than likely would not have been possible in their location of origin. A majority of immigrants are heads of households that migrate alone seeking greater wages to support their household. They do this through remittances. These are capital accumulation packages that are sent through institutions (formal or informal) to their households and communities. In the presence of anti-immigration rhetoric and laws of this nature being created, the immigrant agent will see a change in economic activity. With certainty being removed, behavior goes through unintended changes. Immigrants that are in a position of danger, and a necessity to remit to their household back in their community of origin, will do so. One way or the other. If institutional mistrust sets in, there are economic consequences from the lack of use of institutions, that will spillover in to the macro-environment. Authors: Jose A. Rojas-Fallas, Jamein P. Cunningham Presenter: Jose A. Rojas-Fallas Title: Papers Please: Immigration, Enforcement, and Remittances Author: Rojas-Fallas, Jose A. Year: 2017 Immigrants are an understated agent in local economies. Whilst legal immigrants may be accounted for in the macro realm, illegal immigrants are very much an externality. Immigrant agents participate heavily in local economies, almost exclusively, due to their status and the implicit risks associated with it. Immigrants’ decision to migrate towards better economies come with the goal of achieving prosperity that more than likely would not have been possible in their location of origin. A majority of immigrants are heads of households that migrate alone seeking greater wages to support their household. They do this through remittances. These are capital accumulation packages that are sent through institutions (formal or informal) to their households and communities. In the presence of anti-immigration rhetoric and laws of this nature being created, the immigrant agent will see a change in economic activity. With certainty being removed, behavior goes through unintended changes. Immigrants that are in a position of danger, and a necessity to remit to their household back in their community of origin, will do so. One way or the other. If institutional mistrust sets in, there are economic consequences from the lack of use of institutions, that will spillover in to the macro-environment. Authors: Jose A. Rojas-Fallas, Jamein P. Cunningham Presenter: Jose A. Rojas-Fallas Close

• 74. [Article] In the Wake of the Gulf War: Assessing Family Spending of Compensation Money in Sri Lanka

  Between 1997 and 2000, the United Nations Compensation Commission delivered US$ 4000 apiece to roughly 87,000 Sri Lankan citizens who suffered displacement and loss of employment due to Iraq’s military ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: In the Wake of the Gulf War: Assessing Family Spending of Compensation Money in Sri Lanka Author: Gamburd, Michele Ruth Year: 2003 Between 1997 and 2000, the United Nations Compensation Commission delivered US$ 4000 apiece to roughly 87,000 Sri Lankan citizens who suffered displacement and loss of employment due to Iraq’s military actions in Kuwait during the Gulf War. Using qualitative ethnographic data, this essay examines eleven case studies of Kuwait returnees in the village of Naeaegama, in southern Sri Lanka. Like the majority of Sri Lankans caught in the Gulf War, these returnees are women from poor rural families who worked as domestic servants in Kuwait. The essay compares how the eleven households have spent compensation money and migrants’ remittances. Spending choices reveal a clear hierarchy of priorities: buying land and building a house, providing a dowry for unmarried women, and starting a viable business. These goals reflect family-based considerations, and use of the money illustrates the family’s role as an economic as well as a social unit. The essay also explores the role of family in facilitating migration and depressing women’s wages on the global market. Data reveal the local values, motives, and cultural contexts that shape individual and family decision-making on matters of finance and migration. Family choices are products of and adaptations to globalized contexts. Title: In the Wake of the Gulf War: Assessing Family Spending of Compensation Money in Sri Lanka Author: Gamburd, Michele Ruth Year: 2003 Between 1997 and 2000, the United Nations Compensation Commission delivered US$ 4000 apiece to roughly 87,000 Sri Lankan citizens who suffered displacement and loss of employment due to Iraq’s military actions in Kuwait during the Gulf War. Using qualitative ethnographic data, this essay examines eleven case studies of Kuwait returnees in the village of Naeaegama, in southern Sri Lanka. Like the majority of Sri Lankans caught in the Gulf War, these returnees are women from poor rural families who worked as domestic servants in Kuwait. The essay compares how the eleven households have spent compensation money and migrants’ remittances. Spending choices reveal a clear hierarchy of priorities: buying land and building a house, providing a dowry for unmarried women, and starting a viable business. These goals reflect family-based considerations, and use of the money illustrates the family’s role as an economic as well as a social unit. The essay also explores the role of family in facilitating migration and depressing women’s wages on the global market. Data reveal the local values, motives, and cultural contexts that shape individual and family decision-making on matters of finance and migration. Family choices are products of and adaptations to globalized contexts. Close

• 75. [Article] North Santiam School District Population and Enrollment Forecasts, 2011-12 to 2025-26

  This report presents the results of a demographic study conducted by the Portland State University Population Research Center (PRC) for the North Santiam School District (NSSD). The three district‐wide ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: North Santiam School District Population and Enrollment Forecasts, 2011-12 to 2025-26 Author: Portland State University. Population Research Center, Rynerson, Charles, Siu, Vivian Year: 2011 This report presents the results of a demographic study conducted by the Portland State University Population Research Center (PRC) for the North Santiam School District (NSSD). The three district‐wide Enrollment Forecast scenarios for the period 2011‐12 to 2025‐26 describe a long‐range in which enrollment is either relatively stable (LOW series), growing moderately (MIDDLE series), or growing rapidly (HIGH series). They differ due in their assumptions about migration levels as well as the share of District school‐age residents attending NSSD schools. Assumptions for migration rates by age and sex incorporate observations from the 1990s and 2000s, and population growth levels in each scenario are consistent with recent population forecasts for Marion County and Stayton and Sublimity. Growth expectations in the 2010 to 2020 period are tempered by the reality that employment is recovering slowly from the recession and major new industrial or residential development is not expected in the short term. In the first two years of the forecast, 2011‐12 and 2012‐13, both the LOW and MIDDLE forecasts predict overall K‐12 enrollment losses, while the HIGH forecast predicts very small gains. During the remaining 13 years of the forecast, each of the three forecasts indicates enrollment growth, though at very different rates. Title: North Santiam School District Population and Enrollment Forecasts, 2011-12 to 2025-26 Author: Portland State University. Population Research Center, Rynerson, Charles, Siu, Vivian Year: 2011 This report presents the results of a demographic study conducted by the Portland State University Population Research Center (PRC) for the North Santiam School District (NSSD). The three district‐wide Enrollment Forecast scenarios for the period 2011‐12 to 2025‐26 describe a long‐range in which enrollment is either relatively stable (LOW series), growing moderately (MIDDLE series), or growing rapidly (HIGH series). They differ due in their assumptions about migration levels as well as the share of District school‐age residents attending NSSD schools. Assumptions for migration rates by age and sex incorporate observations from the 1990s and 2000s, and population growth levels in each scenario are consistent with recent population forecasts for Marion County and Stayton and Sublimity. Growth expectations in the 2010 to 2020 period are tempered by the reality that employment is recovering slowly from the recession and major new industrial or residential development is not expected in the short term. In the first two years of the forecast, 2011‐12 and 2012‐13, both the LOW and MIDDLE forecasts predict overall K‐12 enrollment losses, while the HIGH forecast predicts very small gains. During the remaining 13 years of the forecast, each of the three forecasts indicates enrollment growth, though at very different rates. Close

• 76. [Article] Amity School District: Population and Enrollment Forecasts 2008-09 to 2017-18

  The Amity School District (ASD) experienced enrollment growth during the late 1980s and early 1990s, but reached a peak of 945 K-12 students in Fall 1994. In the 12 years that followed, enrollment fell ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Amity School District: Population and Enrollment Forecasts 2008-09 to 2017-18 Author: Portland State University. Population Research Center, Rynerson, Charles, Siu, Vivian Year: 2007 The Amity School District (ASD) experienced enrollment growth during the late 1980s and early 1990s, but reached a peak of 945 K-12 students in Fall 1994. In the 12 years that followed, enrollment fell by 143 students, or 15 percent. This year’s enrollment of 822 represents an increase of 20 students (2.5 percent) from Fall 2006, the largest increase since 1994. The long period of decline initially had its greatest impact on elementary grades, followed by middle school and more recently high school. This report presents the results of a study conducted by the Portland State University Population Research Center (PRC) concluding that the Amity District should not expect enrollment declines to continue in the long run, although about three more years of small losses are forecast at the high school level. Two forecast scenarios are presented, a "baseline" forecast under which housing development and migration trends remain similar to their recent levels, and a "high range" forecast that anticipates higher migration levels, primarily due to an increase in housing development. Title: Amity School District: Population and Enrollment Forecasts 2008-09 to 2017-18 Author: Portland State University. Population Research Center, Rynerson, Charles, Siu, Vivian Year: 2007 The Amity School District (ASD) experienced enrollment growth during the late 1980s and early 1990s, but reached a peak of 945 K-12 students in Fall 1994. In the 12 years that followed, enrollment fell by 143 students, or 15 percent. This year’s enrollment of 822 represents an increase of 20 students (2.5 percent) from Fall 2006, the largest increase since 1994. The long period of decline initially had its greatest impact on elementary grades, followed by middle school and more recently high school. This report presents the results of a study conducted by the Portland State University Population Research Center (PRC) concluding that the Amity District should not expect enrollment declines to continue in the long run, although about three more years of small losses are forecast at the high school level. Two forecast scenarios are presented, a "baseline" forecast under which housing development and migration trends remain similar to their recent levels, and a "high range" forecast that anticipates higher migration levels, primarily due to an increase in housing development. Close

• 77. [Article] Feng Shui and Chinese Rituals of Death across the Oregon Landscape

  Paper 2: Upwards of 20,000 Chinese migrated to Oregon before 1890. Upon their deaths many were interred in "Chinese cemeteries." In China, the placement of cemeteries is an important aspect of the traditional ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Feng Shui and Chinese Rituals of Death across the Oregon Landscape Author: Briggs, Andrew Ryall Year: 2002 Paper 2: Upwards of 20,000 Chinese migrated to Oregon before 1890. Upon their deaths many were interred in "Chinese cemeteries." In China, the placement of cemeteries is an important aspect of the traditional Chinese religion. This paper asks if the early Chinese practiced the same Feng Shui in the placement of the Oregon gravesites. While Feng Shui is not codified, there are a few general principles to determine graveyard placement, and by comparing Oregon Chinese gravesites with that required for proper Feng Shui placement, concluded that the early Chinese immigrants may have followed the precepts of traditional Chinese religion in siting. Title: Feng Shui and Chinese Rituals of Death across the Oregon Landscape Author: Briggs, Andrew Ryall Year: 2002 Paper 2: Upwards of 20,000 Chinese migrated to Oregon before 1890. Upon their deaths many were interred in "Chinese cemeteries." In China, the placement of cemeteries is an important aspect of the traditional Chinese religion. This paper asks if the early Chinese practiced the same Feng Shui in the placement of the Oregon gravesites. While Feng Shui is not codified, there are a few general principles to determine graveyard placement, and by comparing Oregon Chinese gravesites with that required for proper Feng Shui placement, concluded that the early Chinese immigrants may have followed the precepts of traditional Chinese religion in siting. Close

• 78. [Article] Money That Burns Like Oil: A Sri Lankan Cultural Logic of Morality and Agency

  New labor opportunities have drawn Sri Lankan women to work as domestic servants in the Middle East. Many migrants complain that their remittances "burn like oil," disappearing without a trace. The gendered ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Money That Burns Like Oil: A Sri Lankan Cultural Logic of Morality and Agency Author: Gamburd, Michele Ruth Year: 2004 New labor opportunities have drawn Sri Lankan women to work as domestic servants in the Middle East. Many migrants complain that their remittances "burn like oil," disappearing without a trace. The gendered discourse on burning remittances both draws on and contradicts an older cultural system that fetishizes money. The emerging logic provides symbolic resources for women to spend their remittances on advancements for the nuclear family, distancing themselves from other kin. (Migration, remittances, fetishism, Sri Lanka, Middle East) Title: Money That Burns Like Oil: A Sri Lankan Cultural Logic of Morality and Agency Author: Gamburd, Michele Ruth Year: 2004 New labor opportunities have drawn Sri Lankan women to work as domestic servants in the Middle East. Many migrants complain that their remittances "burn like oil," disappearing without a trace. The gendered discourse on burning remittances both draws on and contradicts an older cultural system that fetishizes money. The emerging logic provides symbolic resources for women to spend their remittances on advancements for the nuclear family, distancing themselves from other kin. (Migration, remittances, fetishism, Sri Lanka, Middle East) Close

• 79. [Article] A Survey for Leucocytozoon Simondi Mathis and Leger (1910) in Canada Geese of the Malheur Wildlife Refuge

  Blood smears of blood collected in 1971 and 1972 from 291 Canada geese at Malheur National Wildlife Refuge were examined to determine the incidence of the avian malarial parasite, Leucocytozoon simondi. ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: A Survey for Leucocytozoon Simondi Mathis and Leger (1910) in Canada Geese of the Malheur Wildlife Refuge Author: Snively, John Val Year: 1973 Blood smears of blood collected in 1971 and 1972 from 291 Canada geese at Malheur National Wildlife Refuge were examined to determine the incidence of the avian malarial parasite, Leucocytozoon simondi. No parasites were found. Absence of blood parasites suggests that birds using migration routes to the north and northeast of Malheur are free of the disease. The Leucocytozoon infections known in California waterfowl may be attributable to sources within the flyway east or northeast of California, to infected birds crossing over from other flyways, or abnormal conditions in the molting grounds of sub-adult and non-nesting birds where major flyways converge in northcentral Canada. Title: A Survey for Leucocytozoon Simondi Mathis and Leger (1910) in Canada Geese of the Malheur Wildlife Refuge Author: Snively, John Val Year: 1973 Blood smears of blood collected in 1971 and 1972 from 291 Canada geese at Malheur National Wildlife Refuge were examined to determine the incidence of the avian malarial parasite, Leucocytozoon simondi. No parasites were found. Absence of blood parasites suggests that birds using migration routes to the north and northeast of Malheur are free of the disease. The Leucocytozoon infections known in California waterfowl may be attributable to sources within the flyway east or northeast of California, to infected birds crossing over from other flyways, or abnormal conditions in the molting grounds of sub-adult and non-nesting birds where major flyways converge in northcentral Canada. Close

• 80. [Article] Demography as Destiny?: Socioeconomic Trends in the Portland Metropolitan Region

  A .pdf version of a PowerPoint presentation to the Multnomah County Library Advisory Board, February 8, 2011. Focuses on a wide range of issues surrounding demographic changes, migration, educational attainment, ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Demography as Destiny?: Socioeconomic Trends in the Portland Metropolitan Region Author: Martin, Sheila A., Jurjevich, Jason R. Year: 2011 A .pdf version of a PowerPoint presentation to the Multnomah County Library Advisory Board, February 8, 2011. Focuses on a wide range of issues surrounding demographic changes, migration, educational attainment, and population trends. Title: Demography as Destiny?: Socioeconomic Trends in the Portland Metropolitan Region Author: Martin, Sheila A., Jurjevich, Jason R. Year: 2011 A .pdf version of a PowerPoint presentation to the Multnomah County Library Advisory Board, February 8, 2011. Focuses on a wide range of issues surrounding demographic changes, migration, educational attainment, and population trends. Close