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• 51. [Article] Business Plan For Riverside Energy LLC

  In 2008, $5.2 billion was spent on program management and supporting contractors in energy efficiency in the United States[1]. Funding for energy efficiency is expected to increase as the cost of power ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Business Plan For Riverside Energy LLC Author: Smeraglio, Matt Year: 2012 In 2008, $5.2 billion was spent on program management and supporting contractors in energy efficiency in the United States[1]. Funding for energy efficiency is expected to increase as the cost of power production rises. This report focuses primarily on energy efficiency available to dairy farms, located in the Northern Mid-West region of the United States. Dairy farms have seen sharp increases in feed prices, large fluctuations in milk prices, and a steady rise in electricity rates. Of these three, it is easiest for the farmer to lower energy consumption. Riverside Energy will enable farmers to realize maximum potential energy and cost savings by offering custom dairy energy audits. Riverside Energy is proposing to startup as a sole proprietorship energy efficiency company, focusing on the agricultural and industrial markets of Michigan, which was ranked most improved in energy efficiency in a recent study [2]. The primary revenue stream will be providing energy audits to dairy farms, which will help them to lower energy consumption, saving substantial money. The final deliverable from Riverside to the customer will be a detailed Dairy Audit Report, detailing the best ways to save energy, and the expected upgrade costs, dollar savings and payback (return on investment) for proposed upgrades. As the demand for energy increases, there is more and more pressure for electrical utilities to build new power plants. But it is more cost effective for utilities to pay energy consuming customers to use less energy than to build new power plants. This promotes the sale of energy efficient equipment and energy audits. For dairies, there are cash incentives to pay for a portion of auditing services, and for dairy equipment upgrades. This in turn promotes Riverside’s auditing revenue stream. The biggest challenge for Riverside will be to compete against established auditors in the Michigan area, which is a fragmented group of university programs, state programs, small companies, and electric utilities. Riverside hopes to differentiate by establishing itself as both agriculturally knowledgeable and highly skilled in detailed analysis. Five primary marketing strategies have been established, which include selling direct to farmers, presenting at trade shows, enrolling in the Michigan Farm Energy Audit Program, participating in utility incentive programs, and creating partnerships with dairy equipment vendors. The most promising will likely be dairy equipment vendor partnerships, because they have the highest amount of contact with dairies, strong generational relationships, and sell the efficient equipment that riverside will propose for upgrades. It is estimated that each audit will sell for between $1,000 to $2,000 dollars, and that there are a potential of 1,900 dairies available for audits in the region. Riverside hopes to capture up to 67 audits per year, which would yield $120,000 in sales per year, taking 4 years to ramp up to this sales level. Pro forma income statements predict a break even after 23 months, with estimated startup costs at $26,700. Funding for this startup will be comprised of owner investment and a small bank loan. Riverside believes it has found a niche in the energy efficiency market through dairy energy audits. Though prospects are promising, further details on additional revenue streams and development of key relationships should be pursued before launch. Riverside could be ready for launch in 6 months to a year. Title: Business Plan For Riverside Energy LLC Author: Smeraglio, Matt Year: 2012 In 2008, $5.2 billion was spent on program management and supporting contractors in energy efficiency in the United States[1]. Funding for energy efficiency is expected to increase as the cost of power production rises. This report focuses primarily on energy efficiency available to dairy farms, located in the Northern Mid-West region of the United States. Dairy farms have seen sharp increases in feed prices, large fluctuations in milk prices, and a steady rise in electricity rates. Of these three, it is easiest for the farmer to lower energy consumption. Riverside Energy will enable farmers to realize maximum potential energy and cost savings by offering custom dairy energy audits. Riverside Energy is proposing to startup as a sole proprietorship energy efficiency company, focusing on the agricultural and industrial markets of Michigan, which was ranked most improved in energy efficiency in a recent study [2]. The primary revenue stream will be providing energy audits to dairy farms, which will help them to lower energy consumption, saving substantial money. The final deliverable from Riverside to the customer will be a detailed Dairy Audit Report, detailing the best ways to save energy, and the expected upgrade costs, dollar savings and payback (return on investment) for proposed upgrades. As the demand for energy increases, there is more and more pressure for electrical utilities to build new power plants. But it is more cost effective for utilities to pay energy consuming customers to use less energy than to build new power plants. This promotes the sale of energy efficient equipment and energy audits. For dairies, there are cash incentives to pay for a portion of auditing services, and for dairy equipment upgrades. This in turn promotes Riverside’s auditing revenue stream. The biggest challenge for Riverside will be to compete against established auditors in the Michigan area, which is a fragmented group of university programs, state programs, small companies, and electric utilities. Riverside hopes to differentiate by establishing itself as both agriculturally knowledgeable and highly skilled in detailed analysis. Five primary marketing strategies have been established, which include selling direct to farmers, presenting at trade shows, enrolling in the Michigan Farm Energy Audit Program, participating in utility incentive programs, and creating partnerships with dairy equipment vendors. The most promising will likely be dairy equipment vendor partnerships, because they have the highest amount of contact with dairies, strong generational relationships, and sell the efficient equipment that riverside will propose for upgrades. It is estimated that each audit will sell for between $1,000 to $2,000 dollars, and that there are a potential of 1,900 dairies available for audits in the region. Riverside hopes to capture up to 67 audits per year, which would yield $120,000 in sales per year, taking 4 years to ramp up to this sales level. Pro forma income statements predict a break even after 23 months, with estimated startup costs at $26,700. Funding for this startup will be comprised of owner investment and a small bank loan. Riverside believes it has found a niche in the energy efficiency market through dairy energy audits. Though prospects are promising, further details on additional revenue streams and development of key relationships should be pursued before launch. Riverside could be ready for launch in 6 months to a year. Close

• 52. [Article] The Landscape: Sauvie Island

  A brief overview of the geography, history and outlook for Sauvie Island, an area situated at the confluence of the Willamette and Columbia Rivers that is important as a wildlife refuge, farming areas, ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The Landscape: Sauvie Island Author: Roth, Rick Year: 2001 A brief overview of the geography, history and outlook for Sauvie Island, an area situated at the confluence of the Willamette and Columbia Rivers that is important as a wildlife refuge, farming areas, and for recreation. Title: The Landscape: Sauvie Island Author: Roth, Rick Year: 2001 A brief overview of the geography, history and outlook for Sauvie Island, an area situated at the confluence of the Willamette and Columbia Rivers that is important as a wildlife refuge, farming areas, and for recreation. Close

• 53. [Article] International Perspectives on Sustainable Agriculture in Cuba

  Since the economic crisis following the collapse of the Soviet Union, Cuba has restructured their agriculture with a greater focus on domestic production of domestically consumed produce, and a dramatic ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: International Perspectives on Sustainable Agriculture in Cuba Author: Smith, B. Danielle Year: 2014 Since the economic crisis following the collapse of the Soviet Union, Cuba has restructured their agriculture with a greater focus on domestic production of domestically consumed produce, and a dramatic reduction of petroleum products in all aspects of food production. This overhaul has included the broad application of what is termed agroecology – agricultural practices which focus on principles of biodiversity and sustainability – and inter-farm cooperation facilitated by the National Association of Small Farmers (ANAP) and Campesino a Campesino. Academics and journalists from within and abroad have critically examined aspects of the novel reforms developed in the country in starkly contrasting terms, as either an impressive example of sustainability in farming meeting human needs, or as an inefficient, bureaucratically bloated attempt to cope with an enduring food crisis in the country. This author speculates that both perspectives have political agendas unrelated to the observable successes or failures of food production in Cuba. The challenge is in finding the common ground between these poles of argument to clarify how Cuba’s agricultural system has shown remarkable success in recovery from crisis, and in modeling sustainable agriculture; and how it is impeded from further success by circumstances such as governmental bureaucracy, social prejudice, and insufficient profit for farmers with which to motivate ingenuity. While both perspectives can provide insight into food production in Cuba, the context of the broader political debate is present in the data and arguments of both critics and proponents of sustainable agriculture in Cuba. Title: International Perspectives on Sustainable Agriculture in Cuba Author: Smith, B. Danielle Year: 2014 Since the economic crisis following the collapse of the Soviet Union, Cuba has restructured their agriculture with a greater focus on domestic production of domestically consumed produce, and a dramatic reduction of petroleum products in all aspects of food production. This overhaul has included the broad application of what is termed agroecology – agricultural practices which focus on principles of biodiversity and sustainability – and inter-farm cooperation facilitated by the National Association of Small Farmers (ANAP) and Campesino a Campesino. Academics and journalists from within and abroad have critically examined aspects of the novel reforms developed in the country in starkly contrasting terms, as either an impressive example of sustainability in farming meeting human needs, or as an inefficient, bureaucratically bloated attempt to cope with an enduring food crisis in the country. This author speculates that both perspectives have political agendas unrelated to the observable successes or failures of food production in Cuba. The challenge is in finding the common ground between these poles of argument to clarify how Cuba’s agricultural system has shown remarkable success in recovery from crisis, and in modeling sustainable agriculture; and how it is impeded from further success by circumstances such as governmental bureaucracy, social prejudice, and insufficient profit for farmers with which to motivate ingenuity. While both perspectives can provide insight into food production in Cuba, the context of the broader political debate is present in the data and arguments of both critics and proponents of sustainable agriculture in Cuba. Close

• 54. [Article] Planning in the Portland Metropolitan Area after Measure 37

  Created in the aftermath of Measure 37, the Russill Fellowship is aimed at examining non-regulatory land use planning tools and their potential application in the Portland Metropolitan area, with a particular ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Planning in the Portland Metropolitan Area after Measure 37 Author: Reid, Ted Year: 2006 Created in the aftermath of Measure 37, the Russill Fellowship is aimed at examining non-regulatory land use planning tools and their potential application in the Portland Metropolitan area, with a particular emphasis on habitat conservation. The above-mentioned ballot initiative and the larger private property rights movement have given an indication that Oregon voters perceive inequities in the State’s land use planning system. It is also clear that Oregonians still place a high value on the conservation of our state’s natural resources. According to a March, 2005 statewide survey, protecting farmland for farming is very important to 67% of respondents, protecting the environment is very important to 61%, and protecting wildlife habitat is very important to 58% (CFM Research, 2005). According to a more recent survey commissioned by Metro, 72% of respondents indicated that a policy to “add houses in existing neighborhoods” comes closer to how they feel while only 16% chose “convert farm and forest land for growth” (12% responded with “don’t know”) (Davis, Hibbits, & Midghall, Inc., 2006). Regardless of the legal status of Measure 37 or any future regulatory takings initiatives, the planner’s toolbox needs to be expanded, providing a wider variety of options to accomplish the Statewide Planning Goals. However, as the research for this paper progressed, a more complicated picture of planning and the use of regulations has emerged. It has become clear that non-regulatory planning instruments are no substitute for regulation in upholding Oregon’s Statewide Planning Goals. The above-cited survey indicates that Oregonians do still see the importance of the Goals. Thus, this paper has focused on the need for long-range planning, the relationship between planning and property values, the threat of sprawl in the Portland region, planning instruments that help to control such sprawl, and whether such instruments are able to attain Oregon’s Statewide Planning Goals. Title: Planning in the Portland Metropolitan Area after Measure 37 Author: Reid, Ted Year: 2006 Created in the aftermath of Measure 37, the Russill Fellowship is aimed at examining non-regulatory land use planning tools and their potential application in the Portland Metropolitan area, with a particular emphasis on habitat conservation. The above-mentioned ballot initiative and the larger private property rights movement have given an indication that Oregon voters perceive inequities in the State’s land use planning system. It is also clear that Oregonians still place a high value on the conservation of our state’s natural resources. According to a March, 2005 statewide survey, protecting farmland for farming is very important to 67% of respondents, protecting the environment is very important to 61%, and protecting wildlife habitat is very important to 58% (CFM Research, 2005). According to a more recent survey commissioned by Metro, 72% of respondents indicated that a policy to “add houses in existing neighborhoods” comes closer to how they feel while only 16% chose “convert farm and forest land for growth” (12% responded with “don’t know”) (Davis, Hibbits, & Midghall, Inc., 2006). Regardless of the legal status of Measure 37 or any future regulatory takings initiatives, the planner’s toolbox needs to be expanded, providing a wider variety of options to accomplish the Statewide Planning Goals. However, as the research for this paper progressed, a more complicated picture of planning and the use of regulations has emerged. It has become clear that non-regulatory planning instruments are no substitute for regulation in upholding Oregon’s Statewide Planning Goals. The above-cited survey indicates that Oregonians do still see the importance of the Goals. Thus, this paper has focused on the need for long-range planning, the relationship between planning and property values, the threat of sprawl in the Portland region, planning instruments that help to control such sprawl, and whether such instruments are able to attain Oregon’s Statewide Planning Goals. Close

• 55. [Article] The Pursuit of Commerce: Agricultural Development in Western Oregon, 1825-1861

  This thesis examines how the pursuit of commercial gain affected the development of agriculture in western Oregon's Willamette, Umpqua, and Rogue River Valleys. The period of study begins when the British ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The Pursuit of Commerce: Agricultural Development in Western Oregon, 1825-1861 Author: Smith, Cessna R. Year: 2011 This thesis examines how the pursuit of commercial gain affected the development of agriculture in western Oregon's Willamette, Umpqua, and Rogue River Valleys. The period of study begins when the British owned Hudson's Bay Company began to farm land in and around Fort Vancouver in 1825, and ends in 1861--during the time when agrarian settlement was beginning to expand east of the Cascade Mountains. Given that agriculture in Oregon, as elsewhere, would eventually reach a standard of national development, and given that most of Oregon's immigrants arrived poor and lacked the farm implements needed for subsistence, the question this study asks is what methods and motivations guided Oregon's first agrarian settlers to improve their industry? It is the central premise of this study that commerce was the sine qua non of agricultural development, and that commercial gain was the incentive that underpinned the improvements necessary to its progress. The question itself necessarily involves physiographical and climatological conditions, existing and potential markets, and a merchant class whose commercial motivations were beyond doubt. Two additional matters that weigh substantially through most of this paper need to be mentioned: First, because not all farmers were commercially-oriented, the focus is on individuals, including merchants, whose entrepreneurial activities contributed the most to agriculture; second, the discovery of gold in California in 1848, and in southern Oregon in the early 1850s, had a huge and lasting influence on Oregon agriculture and on the overall economy. Title: The Pursuit of Commerce: Agricultural Development in Western Oregon, 1825-1861 Author: Smith, Cessna R. Year: 2011 This thesis examines how the pursuit of commercial gain affected the development of agriculture in western Oregon's Willamette, Umpqua, and Rogue River Valleys. The period of study begins when the British owned Hudson's Bay Company began to farm land in and around Fort Vancouver in 1825, and ends in 1861--during the time when agrarian settlement was beginning to expand east of the Cascade Mountains. Given that agriculture in Oregon, as elsewhere, would eventually reach a standard of national development, and given that most of Oregon's immigrants arrived poor and lacked the farm implements needed for subsistence, the question this study asks is what methods and motivations guided Oregon's first agrarian settlers to improve their industry? It is the central premise of this study that commerce was the sine qua non of agricultural development, and that commercial gain was the incentive that underpinned the improvements necessary to its progress. The question itself necessarily involves physiographical and climatological conditions, existing and potential markets, and a merchant class whose commercial motivations were beyond doubt. Two additional matters that weigh substantially through most of this paper need to be mentioned: First, because not all farmers were commercially-oriented, the focus is on individuals, including merchants, whose entrepreneurial activities contributed the most to agriculture; second, the discovery of gold in California in 1848, and in southern Oregon in the early 1850s, had a huge and lasting influence on Oregon agriculture and on the overall economy. Close

• 56. [Article] Chicanos in Oregon: An historical overview

  Spaniards were the first Europeans to explore the Pacific Northwest coastline, but the only evidence of these early visits is a sprinkling of Spanish place names commemorating the intrepid voyagers. The ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Chicanos in Oregon: An historical overview Author: Slatta, Richard Wayne Year: 1974 Spaniards were the first Europeans to explore the Pacific Northwest coastline, but the only evidence of these early visits is a sprinkling of Spanish place names commemorating the intrepid voyagers. The more than four centuries of recorded history since that time are nearly devoid, of references to Spanish-speaking people, especially Mexicans and Americans of Mexican descent (Chicanos). Even the heavy influx of Chicano migrant farm workers in the 1950’s and 1960's failed to attract the attention of historians or social science researchers. By 1970, the Spanish-language population had become Oregon's largest ethnic minority and was exerting influence in most areas of state life. This study documents the depth and diversity of Oregon’s Chicano community and provides an historical context for the movement of Spanish-speaking people into the state. Even in the strongly Anglo-American milieu of the Northwest, Chicanos have retained their unique blend of Mexican and American cultural and linguistic characteristics. Through social clubs, cultural centers, economic and political organizations and an independent college, Chicanos in Oregon are preserving and proclaiming their heritage. Hopefully, this study will aid Anglo Americans in understanding and accepting cultural differences without prejudice or animosity, and help Chicanos to better appreciate their position in the state. The dominantly oral tradition of the Chicano coupled with the dearth of standard documentation, primary and secondary, required reliance upon interviews and conversations and generalization upon limited data. Research revealed that the migrant farm worker image of the Chicano has become obsolete as the Oregon population has become settled and primarily urban. If this study provides a frame of reference for and generates interest in further investigation of the migration of Chicanos into Oregon, it will have served its purpose. Title: Chicanos in Oregon: An historical overview Author: Slatta, Richard Wayne Year: 1974 Spaniards were the first Europeans to explore the Pacific Northwest coastline, but the only evidence of these early visits is a sprinkling of Spanish place names commemorating the intrepid voyagers. The more than four centuries of recorded history since that time are nearly devoid, of references to Spanish-speaking people, especially Mexicans and Americans of Mexican descent (Chicanos). Even the heavy influx of Chicano migrant farm workers in the 1950’s and 1960's failed to attract the attention of historians or social science researchers. By 1970, the Spanish-language population had become Oregon's largest ethnic minority and was exerting influence in most areas of state life. This study documents the depth and diversity of Oregon’s Chicano community and provides an historical context for the movement of Spanish-speaking people into the state. Even in the strongly Anglo-American milieu of the Northwest, Chicanos have retained their unique blend of Mexican and American cultural and linguistic characteristics. Through social clubs, cultural centers, economic and political organizations and an independent college, Chicanos in Oregon are preserving and proclaiming their heritage. Hopefully, this study will aid Anglo Americans in understanding and accepting cultural differences without prejudice or animosity, and help Chicanos to better appreciate their position in the state. The dominantly oral tradition of the Chicano coupled with the dearth of standard documentation, primary and secondary, required reliance upon interviews and conversations and generalization upon limited data. Research revealed that the migrant farm worker image of the Chicano has become obsolete as the Oregon population has become settled and primarily urban. If this study provides a frame of reference for and generates interest in further investigation of the migration of Chicanos into Oregon, it will have served its purpose. Close

• 57. [Article] Managing Activities at Wineries: Building and Sustaining a Place-Based Brand

  The Willamette Valley Winery Association, Oregon Winery Association, Oregon Department of Land Conservation and Development, and Oregon Department of Agriculture asked the authors to develop information ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Managing Activities at Wineries: Building and Sustaining a Place-Based Brand Author: Seltzer, Ethan, Bernard, Mark, McNeil, JP, Parks, Lori Year: 2013 The Willamette Valley Winery Association, Oregon Winery Association, Oregon Department of Land Conservation and Development, and Oregon Department of Agriculture asked the authors to develop information needed to help inform discussions regarding the replacement for the soon-to-sunset HB 3280. HB 3280, signed by the Governor in August of 2011, provided a means for defining and regulating wine-related and non-wine-related events occurring or proposed to occur at wineries and vineyards in Oregon, often in exclusive farm use zones. Our charge was to investigate the following policy issue: How have wine regions permitted and managed a range of uses and activities at wineries, some of which are indirectly connected to the making or selling of wine? How can wine region land use regulations contribute to sustaining the brand for a region? How can farmland winery codes best maintain compatibility with other crops and farming activities? This report is presented in three parts. We begin with the literature review, and the lessons learned from that research. We then present the four cases and the lessons learned from them. This report concludes with a synthesis of the findings from the literature review and the case studies, along with our recommendations for how this information might be applied to the development of a replacement for HB 3280 in the next legislative session. Title: Managing Activities at Wineries: Building and Sustaining a Place-Based Brand Author: Seltzer, Ethan, Bernard, Mark, McNeil, JP, Parks, Lori Year: 2013 The Willamette Valley Winery Association, Oregon Winery Association, Oregon Department of Land Conservation and Development, and Oregon Department of Agriculture asked the authors to develop information needed to help inform discussions regarding the replacement for the soon-to-sunset HB 3280. HB 3280, signed by the Governor in August of 2011, provided a means for defining and regulating wine-related and non-wine-related events occurring or proposed to occur at wineries and vineyards in Oregon, often in exclusive farm use zones. Our charge was to investigate the following policy issue: How have wine regions permitted and managed a range of uses and activities at wineries, some of which are indirectly connected to the making or selling of wine? How can wine region land use regulations contribute to sustaining the brand for a region? How can farmland winery codes best maintain compatibility with other crops and farming activities? This report is presented in three parts. We begin with the literature review, and the lessons learned from that research. We then present the four cases and the lessons learned from them. This report concludes with a synthesis of the findings from the literature review and the case studies, along with our recommendations for how this information might be applied to the development of a replacement for HB 3280 in the next legislative session. Close

• 58. [Article] Environmental Middle School Making the Connection: Locally grown food and the Portland Public Schools' Meal program

  A recent "farms to school" movement designed to expand the range and quantity of local foods, especially produce, has taken root across the U.S, with support from the United States Department of Agriculture. ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Environmental Middle School Making the Connection: Locally grown food and the Portland Public Schools' Meal program Author: Bender, Paul, Brod, Daniela, Maloney, Lauren, Siebenaler, April, Stocker, David Year: 2002 A recent "farms to school" movement designed to expand the range and quantity of local foods, especially produce, has taken root across the U.S, with support from the United States Department of Agriculture. After finding a suitable client school willing to introduce this idea in Portland, this project, identifies incremental and feasible steps that can be taken toward including more locally gown food into the Environmental Middle School's meal service. The main objectives of this project are: To increase the availability of locally grown foods at EMS, and ultimately in the Portland Public Schools meal service program To encourage food literacy and awareness of the value of locally produced foods among students To engage students, parents, teachers, community members, school district administrators and farmers in dialogue about the community food system To stimulate markets for local farms This project has included conversations with stakeholders in the school food system designed to foster and increase overall communication between these stakeholders and to share information about what possible alternatives may exist to meet the project's goals. Sharing background research, relevant case studies, and the alternatives developed will ideally help others to move forward in bringing more locally grown food to both EMS and PPS. This project was conducted under the supervision of Ethan Seltzer and Thomas Sanchez. Title: Environmental Middle School Making the Connection: Locally grown food and the Portland Public Schools' Meal program Author: Bender, Paul, Brod, Daniela, Maloney, Lauren, Siebenaler, April, Stocker, David Year: 2002 A recent "farms to school" movement designed to expand the range and quantity of local foods, especially produce, has taken root across the U.S, with support from the United States Department of Agriculture. After finding a suitable client school willing to introduce this idea in Portland, this project, identifies incremental and feasible steps that can be taken toward including more locally gown food into the Environmental Middle School's meal service. The main objectives of this project are: To increase the availability of locally grown foods at EMS, and ultimately in the Portland Public Schools meal service program To encourage food literacy and awareness of the value of locally produced foods among students To engage students, parents, teachers, community members, school district administrators and farmers in dialogue about the community food system To stimulate markets for local farms This project has included conversations with stakeholders in the school food system designed to foster and increase overall communication between these stakeholders and to share information about what possible alternatives may exist to meet the project's goals. Sharing background research, relevant case studies, and the alternatives developed will ideally help others to move forward in bringing more locally grown food to both EMS and PPS. This project was conducted under the supervision of Ethan Seltzer and Thomas Sanchez. Close

• 59. [Article] Review of The American Far West in the Twentieth Century. By Earl Pomeroy

  After publishing his path breaking study The Pacific Slope: A History of California, Oregon, Washington, Idaho, Utah, and Nevada in 1965, Earl Pomeroy embarked on the even larger task of writing a history ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Review of The American Far West in the Twentieth Century. By Earl Pomeroy Author: Abbott, Carl Year: 2009 After publishing his path breaking study The Pacific Slope: A History of California, Oregon, Washington, Idaho, Utah, and Nevada in 1965, Earl Pomeroy embarked on the even larger task of writing a history of the American West in the twentieth century. The present volume is the result, deeply researched by Pomeroy over four decades and completed after his death in 2005 by his student and friend Richard Etulain. The book is a fascinating mix of carefully presented details and wide-ranging topical coverage. Pomeroy expanded his "Pacific Slope" vision to include Alaska, Hawaii, the rest of the Rocky Mountain states, and five of the Great Plains states, but omitting Texas because he judged it more southern than western. After an introductory profile of "The West in 1901," the text breaks into four chunks. Four chapters deal with economic development, including family farming and industrial farming, industrial mining, petroleum extraction, and manufacturing. Two chapters examine "rails, roads, and cities," meaning the interaction of expanding transportation systems and commercial cities. Two chapters cover social relations (immigrant communities, religion, education) and two more examine local and state politics and the national influences of western political initiatives. Title: Review of The American Far West in the Twentieth Century. By Earl Pomeroy Author: Abbott, Carl Year: 2009 After publishing his path breaking study The Pacific Slope: A History of California, Oregon, Washington, Idaho, Utah, and Nevada in 1965, Earl Pomeroy embarked on the even larger task of writing a history of the American West in the twentieth century. The present volume is the result, deeply researched by Pomeroy over four decades and completed after his death in 2005 by his student and friend Richard Etulain. The book is a fascinating mix of carefully presented details and wide-ranging topical coverage. Pomeroy expanded his "Pacific Slope" vision to include Alaska, Hawaii, the rest of the Rocky Mountain states, and five of the Great Plains states, but omitting Texas because he judged it more southern than western. After an introductory profile of "The West in 1901," the text breaks into four chunks. Four chapters deal with economic development, including family farming and industrial farming, industrial mining, petroleum extraction, and manufacturing. Two chapters examine "rails, roads, and cities," meaning the interaction of expanding transportation systems and commercial cities. Two chapters cover social relations (immigrant communities, religion, education) and two more examine local and state politics and the national influences of western political initiatives. Close

• 60. [Article] Using Critical Physical Geography to Map the Unintended Consequences of Conservation Management Programs

  A variety of conservation trends have gained and lost favor throughout the years in agriculture, with U.S. Farm Bills often influencing what conservation practices are implemented by farming communities ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Using Critical Physical Geography to Map the Unintended Consequences of Conservation Management Programs Author: Malone, Melanie Year: 2017 A variety of conservation trends have gained and lost favor throughout the years in agriculture, with U.S. Farm Bills often influencing what conservation practices are implemented by farming communities throughout the U.S. This dissertation focuses on the unintended consequences of conservation management practices in the Fifteenmile Watershed of Wasco County, Oregon. Specifically, I seek to address how farmer enrollment in various conservation techniques, loosely defined as no-till agriculture, has affected soil and water quality through the increased use of herbicide, and subsequently rendered ecological and human health vulnerable. Using a critical physical geography framework, I address both the biophysical factors and social structures that have co-produced changes in soil and water quality in the study area of this research through intensive physical field data collection, spatial analysis, social surveys, and interviews. I also demonstrate how three neoliberal sets of processes: market-friendly reregulation; state rollback and deregulation; and the creation of self-sufficient individuals and communities, have transformed the human socio-environmental relationship to agriculture. These processes have had significant effects on the policies governing how soil and water quality are managed on both a state and national level, and have created a dependence on enrollment in conservation practices that may ultimately prove counterproductive for long term goals of environmental protection and sustainability. Title: Using Critical Physical Geography to Map the Unintended Consequences of Conservation Management Programs Author: Malone, Melanie Year: 2017 A variety of conservation trends have gained and lost favor throughout the years in agriculture, with U.S. Farm Bills often influencing what conservation practices are implemented by farming communities throughout the U.S. This dissertation focuses on the unintended consequences of conservation management practices in the Fifteenmile Watershed of Wasco County, Oregon. Specifically, I seek to address how farmer enrollment in various conservation techniques, loosely defined as no-till agriculture, has affected soil and water quality through the increased use of herbicide, and subsequently rendered ecological and human health vulnerable. Using a critical physical geography framework, I address both the biophysical factors and social structures that have co-produced changes in soil and water quality in the study area of this research through intensive physical field data collection, spatial analysis, social surveys, and interviews. I also demonstrate how three neoliberal sets of processes: market-friendly reregulation; state rollback and deregulation; and the creation of self-sufficient individuals and communities, have transformed the human socio-environmental relationship to agriculture. These processes have had significant effects on the policies governing how soil and water quality are managed on both a state and national level, and have created a dependence on enrollment in conservation practices that may ultimately prove counterproductive for long term goals of environmental protection and sustainability. Close