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• 21. [Article] Plant Management Systems of British Columbia's First Peoples

  This article provides an overview of the diverse plant resource management strategies of First Nations of British Columbia. Management practices range from relatively large-scale (geographically) and longterm ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Plant Management Systems of British Columbia's First Peoples Author: Turner, Nancy J., Deur, Douglas, Lepofsky, Dana Year: 2013 This article provides an overview of the diverse plant resource management strategies of First Nations of British Columbia. Management practices range from relatively large-scale (geographically) and longterm activities – such as the use of fire to clear prairies and subalpine meadows – to very focused actions, such as the pruning of individual shrubs. We describe plant resource management practices and the diverse methods used to identify them, and focus on three case studies to augment this description. These case studies exemplify the range of plants and ecosystems that were managed as well as the combinations of strategies and outcomes encompassed within these systems. While we focus our review on coastal British Columbia, we recognize that these are practices that occurred throughout northwestern North America. We also recognize that plant management is nested within a larger continuum of management practices that encompassed terrestrial and aquatic animals and their ecosystems (Carpenter, Humchitt, and Eldridge 2000; Lepofsky and Caldwell in press; Thornton et al. 2010). We end this summary with a discussion of how traditional and “new” management approaches introduced by European newcomers were integrated into “moditional management systems,” and we identify some of the more recent trends in the study of Indigenous management systems. Finally, we focus on future prospects for traditional plant management as part of the contemporary movements towards ethnoecological restoration, cultural renewal, and enhanced food security for Indigenous peoples – a point explored more fully in the final section of this special issue. Title: Plant Management Systems of British Columbia's First Peoples Author: Turner, Nancy J., Deur, Douglas, Lepofsky, Dana Year: 2013 This article provides an overview of the diverse plant resource management strategies of First Nations of British Columbia. Management practices range from relatively large-scale (geographically) and longterm activities – such as the use of fire to clear prairies and subalpine meadows – to very focused actions, such as the pruning of individual shrubs. We describe plant resource management practices and the diverse methods used to identify them, and focus on three case studies to augment this description. These case studies exemplify the range of plants and ecosystems that were managed as well as the combinations of strategies and outcomes encompassed within these systems. While we focus our review on coastal British Columbia, we recognize that these are practices that occurred throughout northwestern North America. We also recognize that plant management is nested within a larger continuum of management practices that encompassed terrestrial and aquatic animals and their ecosystems (Carpenter, Humchitt, and Eldridge 2000; Lepofsky and Caldwell in press; Thornton et al. 2010). We end this summary with a discussion of how traditional and “new” management approaches introduced by European newcomers were integrated into “moditional management systems,” and we identify some of the more recent trends in the study of Indigenous management systems. Finally, we focus on future prospects for traditional plant management as part of the contemporary movements towards ethnoecological restoration, cultural renewal, and enhanced food security for Indigenous peoples – a point explored more fully in the final section of this special issue. Close

• 22. [Article] How Might Ecologists Make the World Safe for Biodiversity Without Getting Fired?

  This essay raises the following questions: What if conservation success depends less on speaking truth to power than on organizing a political force that can bring more pressure to bear on decision makers ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: How Might Ecologists Make the World Safe for Biodiversity Without Getting Fired? Author: Johns, David Year: 2012 This essay raises the following questions: What if conservation success depends less on speaking truth to power than on organizing a political force that can bring more pressure to bear on decision makers than their opponents? But what if natural scientists, by virtue of their knowledge, passion, commitment, are pretty much the only group that can be trusted with the fate of biodiversity and leading humankind out of their destructive ways? What if begging policy makers to do the right thing means barren oceans, the end of many species, and the end of wild places (not to mention a more dreary human existence)? What if halting the loss of biodiversity and healing the wounds to species and ecosystems depends on altering the human trajectory of conquest and instead adapting human societies to them? While the essay cannot answer the grand questions it instead provides important context for discussing ways scientists can increase their effectiveness. Title: How Might Ecologists Make the World Safe for Biodiversity Without Getting Fired? Author: Johns, David Year: 2012 This essay raises the following questions: What if conservation success depends less on speaking truth to power than on organizing a political force that can bring more pressure to bear on decision makers than their opponents? But what if natural scientists, by virtue of their knowledge, passion, commitment, are pretty much the only group that can be trusted with the fate of biodiversity and leading humankind out of their destructive ways? What if begging policy makers to do the right thing means barren oceans, the end of many species, and the end of wild places (not to mention a more dreary human existence)? What if halting the loss of biodiversity and healing the wounds to species and ecosystems depends on altering the human trajectory of conquest and instead adapting human societies to them? While the essay cannot answer the grand questions it instead provides important context for discussing ways scientists can increase their effectiveness. Close

• 23. [Article] Test abstract

  This is a test abstract and can be deleted at any time. -- Amy The time is ripe for Portland to take better care of our street trees! Broad Benefits and Value - We know that street trees keep our air ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Test abstract Author: chomowicz, amy Year: 2017 This is a test abstract and can be deleted at any time. -- Amy The time is ripe for Portland to take better care of our street trees! Broad Benefits and Value - We know that street trees keep our air and water cleaner and cooler, provide habitat, improve property values, and contribute to Portland’s reputation as a green, beautiful city. The human health benefits of trees (physical, mental, emotional) are increasingly well-documented by studies from across the country.[1] What other infrastructure provides this many benefits? Portland’s street trees are valued at about $0.5 billion, and each year provide millions of dollars-worth of health and infrastructure benefits! New City Livability Policies - Portland’s new and updated Climate Change-related plans and Comprehensive Plan herald the importance of Portland’s trees to city livability, and call for improved tree preservation, planting, and stewardship (i.e. maintenance). Community Support - Portlanders care about their street trees. They volunteer thousandsof hours each year to plant street trees with Friends of Trees, and committed thousands of hours to complete a recent street tree inventory. The Problem No Street/ROW Tree Maintenance & Stewardship Program – Unfortunately, unlike a number of other cities (e.g., San Francisco, Washington DC, Vancouver BC) Portland has no comprehensive program to care for the 230,000+ trees currently planted along our streets and rights-of-way. As a result, many street trees die sooner, aren’t as healthy as they could be, and are more prone to become public safety hazards and experience costly damage in storms. The lack of a comprehensive street tree maintenance program creates a real barrier to meeting City tree canopy goals. Portland residents and businesses, saddled with the responsibility to care for the street trees adjacent to their property, (including fixing broken sidewalks), are often unwilling to plant new street trees. These cost burdens are highest for those who can least afford it. And, a street tree maintenance program would provide a huge opportunity to create meaningful jobs for young and/or low-income Portlanders (e.g., Verde’s model street tree planting program which employs lower-income people to improve lower-income, tree-deficient neighborhoods). Ineffective Street Tree Preservation and Planting with Street Improvement and New Development Projects - The City experiences extensive, often needless loss of mature street trees when new street improvements and other development projects are designed and constructed. Further, new development projects often create insufficient space to plant new street trees, particularly in areas with dense development and busy streets, or in areas with un-improved or under-improved streets. And these areas need street tree planting and preservation most! Associated disparities and inequities – Both issues exacerbate the fact that some parts of the city have lots of trees, while others have very few trees. This in turn adds to the social, environmental, and economic inequities in our city. What’s next? Urban Forestry Commission Proposal - Portland’s Urban Forestry Commission (UFC) has asked the City Council to form an inter-bureau task force to work, over the next year or so, with community partners and make recommendations for 1) a comprehensive Street/ROW Tree Maintenance and Stewardship program, and 2) measures to improve street tree preservation and planting in conjunction new development and street improvements. Next Step – City Council Work Session - On May 10th, the City Council considered the UFC proposal, along with strong supporting testimony from community stakeholders. The City Council heard support for the expected benefits of the proposal, including improved public and urban forest health, livability and equity, reduced impacts of climate change, and more green jobs. The City Council unanimously 1) expressed interest in the issues, 2) accepted the UFC proposal, and 3) committed to work with key bureaus to schedule a follow up work session later this year. The work session goal is for the City Council to approve a work plan to move forward with the inter-bureau and community stakeholder collaboration outlined in the UFC proposal. The City Council Work Session is currently scheduled for Tuesday, November 14, 2017. [1] For a local study linking low urban tree canopy to poor birth outcomes in Portland see: https://www.treesearch.fs.fed.us/pubs/39615 Title: Test abstract Author: chomowicz, amy Year: 2017 This is a test abstract and can be deleted at any time. -- Amy The time is ripe for Portland to take better care of our street trees! Broad Benefits and Value - We know that street trees keep our air and water cleaner and cooler, provide habitat, improve property values, and contribute to Portland’s reputation as a green, beautiful city. The human health benefits of trees (physical, mental, emotional) are increasingly well-documented by studies from across the country.[1] What other infrastructure provides this many benefits? Portland’s street trees are valued at about $0.5 billion, and each year provide millions of dollars-worth of health and infrastructure benefits! New City Livability Policies - Portland’s new and updated Climate Change-related plans and Comprehensive Plan herald the importance of Portland’s trees to city livability, and call for improved tree preservation, planting, and stewardship (i.e. maintenance). Community Support - Portlanders care about their street trees. They volunteer thousandsof hours each year to plant street trees with Friends of Trees, and committed thousands of hours to complete a recent street tree inventory. The Problem No Street/ROW Tree Maintenance & Stewardship Program – Unfortunately, unlike a number of other cities (e.g., San Francisco, Washington DC, Vancouver BC) Portland has no comprehensive program to care for the 230,000+ trees currently planted along our streets and rights-of-way. As a result, many street trees die sooner, aren’t as healthy as they could be, and are more prone to become public safety hazards and experience costly damage in storms. The lack of a comprehensive street tree maintenance program creates a real barrier to meeting City tree canopy goals. Portland residents and businesses, saddled with the responsibility to care for the street trees adjacent to their property, (including fixing broken sidewalks), are often unwilling to plant new street trees. These cost burdens are highest for those who can least afford it. And, a street tree maintenance program would provide a huge opportunity to create meaningful jobs for young and/or low-income Portlanders (e.g., Verde’s model street tree planting program which employs lower-income people to improve lower-income, tree-deficient neighborhoods). Ineffective Street Tree Preservation and Planting with Street Improvement and New Development Projects - The City experiences extensive, often needless loss of mature street trees when new street improvements and other development projects are designed and constructed. Further, new development projects often create insufficient space to plant new street trees, particularly in areas with dense development and busy streets, or in areas with un-improved or under-improved streets. And these areas need street tree planting and preservation most! Associated disparities and inequities – Both issues exacerbate the fact that some parts of the city have lots of trees, while others have very few trees. This in turn adds to the social, environmental, and economic inequities in our city. What’s next? Urban Forestry Commission Proposal - Portland’s Urban Forestry Commission (UFC) has asked the City Council to form an inter-bureau task force to work, over the next year or so, with community partners and make recommendations for 1) a comprehensive Street/ROW Tree Maintenance and Stewardship program, and 2) measures to improve street tree preservation and planting in conjunction new development and street improvements. Next Step – City Council Work Session - On May 10th, the City Council considered the UFC proposal, along with strong supporting testimony from community stakeholders. The City Council heard support for the expected benefits of the proposal, including improved public and urban forest health, livability and equity, reduced impacts of climate change, and more green jobs. The City Council unanimously 1) expressed interest in the issues, 2) accepted the UFC proposal, and 3) committed to work with key bureaus to schedule a follow up work session later this year. The work session goal is for the City Council to approve a work plan to move forward with the inter-bureau and community stakeholder collaboration outlined in the UFC proposal. The City Council Work Session is currently scheduled for Tuesday, November 14, 2017. [1] For a local study linking low urban tree canopy to poor birth outcomes in Portland see: https://www.treesearch.fs.fed.us/pubs/39615 Close

• 24. [Article] Carbon Sequestration in Managed Temperate Coniferous Forests Under Climate Change

  Management of temperate forests has the potential to increase carbon sinks and mitigate climate change. However, those opportunities may be confounded by negative climate change impacts. We therefore need ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Carbon Sequestration in Managed Temperate Coniferous Forests Under Climate Change Author: Dymond, Caren C., Beukema, Sarah, Nitschke, Craig R., Coates, K. David, Scheller, Robert M. Year: 2016 Management of temperate forests has the potential to increase carbon sinks and mitigate climate change. However, those opportunities may be confounded by negative climate change impacts. We therefore need a better understanding of climate change alterations to temperate forest carbon dynamics before developing mitigation strategies. The purpose of this project was to investigate the interactions of species composition, fire, management, and climate change in the Copper–Pine Creek valley, a temperate coniferous forest with a wide range of growing conditions. To do so, we used the LANDIS-II modelling framework including the new Forest Carbon Succession extension to simulate forest ecosystems under four different productivity scenarios, with and without climate change effects, until 2050. Significantly, the new extension allowed us to calculate the net sector productivity, a carbon accounting metric that integrates aboveground and belowground carbon dynamics, disturbances, and the eventual fate of forest products. The model output was validated against literature values. The results implied that the species optimum growing conditions relative to current and future conditions strongly influenced future carbon dynamics. Warmer growing conditions led to increased carbon sinks and storage in the colder and wetter ecoregions but not necessarily in the others. Climate change impacts varied among species and site conditions, and this indicates that both of these components need to be taken into account when considering climate change mitigation activities and adaptive management. The introduction of a new carbon indicator, net sector productivity, promises to be useful in assessing management effectiveness and mitigation activities. Title: Carbon Sequestration in Managed Temperate Coniferous Forests Under Climate Change Author: Dymond, Caren C., Beukema, Sarah, Nitschke, Craig R., Coates, K. David, Scheller, Robert M. Year: 2016 Management of temperate forests has the potential to increase carbon sinks and mitigate climate change. However, those opportunities may be confounded by negative climate change impacts. We therefore need a better understanding of climate change alterations to temperate forest carbon dynamics before developing mitigation strategies. The purpose of this project was to investigate the interactions of species composition, fire, management, and climate change in the Copper–Pine Creek valley, a temperate coniferous forest with a wide range of growing conditions. To do so, we used the LANDIS-II modelling framework including the new Forest Carbon Succession extension to simulate forest ecosystems under four different productivity scenarios, with and without climate change effects, until 2050. Significantly, the new extension allowed us to calculate the net sector productivity, a carbon accounting metric that integrates aboveground and belowground carbon dynamics, disturbances, and the eventual fate of forest products. The model output was validated against literature values. The results implied that the species optimum growing conditions relative to current and future conditions strongly influenced future carbon dynamics. Warmer growing conditions led to increased carbon sinks and storage in the colder and wetter ecoregions but not necessarily in the others. Climate change impacts varied among species and site conditions, and this indicates that both of these components need to be taken into account when considering climate change mitigation activities and adaptive management. The introduction of a new carbon indicator, net sector productivity, promises to be useful in assessing management effectiveness and mitigation activities. Close