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• 11. [Article] How It Got Here: Teaching 'Format as Process' in an Era of Web-Scale Discovery

  What has the growth in web-scale discovery services meant for information literacy instruction? And what kind of threshold concepts do students need to grasp before they can use these tools effectively? ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: How It Got Here: Teaching 'Format as Process' in an Era of Web-Scale Discovery Author: Seeber, Kevin Year: 2014 What has the growth in web-scale discovery services meant for information literacy instruction? And what kind of threshold concepts do students need to grasp before they can use these tools effectively? This presentation addresses the concept of “format as process,” which emphasizes that evaluating information should focus on how it was produced, rather than how it is accessed. As students navigate discovery tools which combine a wide variety of source types into a single results list, their understanding of this concept is vital to evaluating resources and selecting those which are the most relevant. Learn about how “format as process” can be applied to library instruction sessions though classroom examples, as well as review assessments that help sustain and grow information literacy instruction in a shifting research environment. Title: How It Got Here: Teaching 'Format as Process' in an Era of Web-Scale Discovery Author: Seeber, Kevin Year: 2014 What has the growth in web-scale discovery services meant for information literacy instruction? And what kind of threshold concepts do students need to grasp before they can use these tools effectively? This presentation addresses the concept of “format as process,” which emphasizes that evaluating information should focus on how it was produced, rather than how it is accessed. As students navigate discovery tools which combine a wide variety of source types into a single results list, their understanding of this concept is vital to evaluating resources and selecting those which are the most relevant. Learn about how “format as process” can be applied to library instruction sessions though classroom examples, as well as review assessments that help sustain and grow information literacy instruction in a shifting research environment. Close

• 12. [Article] Teaching “Format as a Process” In an Era of Web-scale Discovery

  Purpose- Advancements in online discovery require academic librarians to develop new means of teaching and assessing information literacy, with an emphasis on having students employ critical thinking to ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Teaching “Format as a Process” In an Era of Web-scale Discovery Author: Seeber, Kevin Year: 2014 Purpose- Advancements in online discovery require academic librarians to develop new means of teaching and assessing information literacy, with an emphasis on having students employ critical thinking to evaluate sources. Design/methodology/approach- This conceptual paper analyzes how the threshold concept “format as a process” could be incorporated into information literacy instruction sessions which address web-scale discovery services and other online search tools. General guidelines for applying this concept are included, along with potential classroom activities and assessments. Findings- Format as a process provides a valuable framework for evaluating information, though librarians need to be mindful of how they present the concept to students. Instruction must be focused on fostering critical thinking skills, rather than how to perform tasks, and assessment must be qualitative in nature. Practical implications- These changes in online searching mean that information literacy programs will need to alter their approach to instruction and move beyond the “one shot” paradigm. Critical evaluation is a sustainable, lifelong skill which will continue to serve students after graduation, but developing that ability requires academic librarians to fulfill new roles in the classroom and on campus. Originality/value- The literature surrounding instruction of web-scale discovery is still limited, and does not incorporate the threshold concepts provided in ACRL’s Framework for Information Literacy in Higher Education. This paper concentrates on one such concept, as well as discusses how future concepts could be addressed. The presentation associated with this article can be accessed at http://archives.pdx.edu/ds/psu/14493. Title: Teaching “Format as a Process” In an Era of Web-scale Discovery Author: Seeber, Kevin Year: 2014 Purpose- Advancements in online discovery require academic librarians to develop new means of teaching and assessing information literacy, with an emphasis on having students employ critical thinking to evaluate sources. Design/methodology/approach- This conceptual paper analyzes how the threshold concept “format as a process” could be incorporated into information literacy instruction sessions which address web-scale discovery services and other online search tools. General guidelines for applying this concept are included, along with potential classroom activities and assessments. Findings- Format as a process provides a valuable framework for evaluating information, though librarians need to be mindful of how they present the concept to students. Instruction must be focused on fostering critical thinking skills, rather than how to perform tasks, and assessment must be qualitative in nature. Practical implications- These changes in online searching mean that information literacy programs will need to alter their approach to instruction and move beyond the “one shot” paradigm. Critical evaluation is a sustainable, lifelong skill which will continue to serve students after graduation, but developing that ability requires academic librarians to fulfill new roles in the classroom and on campus. Originality/value- The literature surrounding instruction of web-scale discovery is still limited, and does not incorporate the threshold concepts provided in ACRL’s Framework for Information Literacy in Higher Education. This paper concentrates on one such concept, as well as discusses how future concepts could be addressed. The presentation associated with this article can be accessed at http://archives.pdx.edu/ds/psu/14493. Close

• 13. [Article] Using Spammers' Computing Resources for Volunteer Computing

  Spammers are continually looking to circumvent counter-measures seeking to slow them down. An immense amount of time and money is currently devoted to hiding spam, but not enough is devoted to effectively ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Using Spammers' Computing Resources for Volunteer Computing Author: Bui, Thai Le Quy Year: 2014 Spammers are continually looking to circumvent counter-measures seeking to slow them down. An immense amount of time and money is currently devoted to hiding spam, but not enough is devoted to effectively preventing it. One approach for preventing spam is to force the spammer's machine to solve a computational problem of varying difficulty before granting access. The idea is that suspicious or problematic requests are given difficult problems to solve while legitimate requests are allowed through with minimal computation. Unfortunately, most systems that employ this model waste the computing resources being used, as they are directed towards solving cryptographic problems that provide no societal benefit. While systems such as reCAPTCHA and FoldIt have allowed users to contribute solutions to useful problems interactively, an analogous solution for non-interactive proof-of-work does not exist. Towards this end, this paper describes MetaCAPTCHA and reBOINC, an infrastructure for supporting useful proof-of-work that is integrated into a web spam throttling service. The infrastructure dynamically issues CAPTCHAs and proof-of-work puzzles while ensuring that malicious users solve challenging puzzles. Additionally, it provides a framework that enables the computational resources of spammers to be redirected towards meaningful research. To validate the efficacy of our approach, prototype implementations based on OpenCV and BOINC are described that demonstrate the ability to harvest spammer's resources for beneficial purposes. Title: Using Spammers' Computing Resources for Volunteer Computing Author: Bui, Thai Le Quy Year: 2014 Spammers are continually looking to circumvent counter-measures seeking to slow them down. An immense amount of time and money is currently devoted to hiding spam, but not enough is devoted to effectively preventing it. One approach for preventing spam is to force the spammer's machine to solve a computational problem of varying difficulty before granting access. The idea is that suspicious or problematic requests are given difficult problems to solve while legitimate requests are allowed through with minimal computation. Unfortunately, most systems that employ this model waste the computing resources being used, as they are directed towards solving cryptographic problems that provide no societal benefit. While systems such as reCAPTCHA and FoldIt have allowed users to contribute solutions to useful problems interactively, an analogous solution for non-interactive proof-of-work does not exist. Towards this end, this paper describes MetaCAPTCHA and reBOINC, an infrastructure for supporting useful proof-of-work that is integrated into a web spam throttling service. The infrastructure dynamically issues CAPTCHAs and proof-of-work puzzles while ensuring that malicious users solve challenging puzzles. Additionally, it provides a framework that enables the computational resources of spammers to be redirected towards meaningful research. To validate the efficacy of our approach, prototype implementations based on OpenCV and BOINC are described that demonstrate the ability to harvest spammer's resources for beneficial purposes. Close

• 14. [Article] Where Is Portland Made? The Complex Relationship between Social Media and Place in the Artisan Economy of Portland, Oregon (USA)

  Portland, Oregon (USA) has become known for an artisanal or ‘maker’ economy that relies on a resurgence of place specificity (Heying), primarily expressed and exported to a global audience in the notion ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Where Is Portland Made? The Complex Relationship between Social Media and Place in the Artisan Economy of Portland, Oregon (USA) Author: Marotta, Stephen, Cummings, Austin, Heying, Charles H. Year: 2016 Portland, Oregon (USA) has become known for an artisanal or ‘maker’ economy that relies on a resurgence of place specificity (Heying), primarily expressed and exported to a global audience in the notion of ‘Portland Made’ (Roy). Portland Made reveals a tension immanent in the notion of ‘place’: place is both here and not here, both real and imaginary. What emerges is a complicated picture of how place conceptually captures various intersections of materiality and mythology, aesthetics and economics. On the one hand, Portland Made represents the collective brand-identity used by Portland’s makers to signify a products’ material existence as handcrafted, place-embedded, and authentic. These characteristics lead to certain assumptions about the concept of ‘local’ (Marotta and Heying): what meaning does Portland Made convey, and how is such meaning distributed? On the other hand, the seemingly intentional embedding of place-specificity in objects meant for distribution far outside of Portland begs another type of question: how does Portland come to be discursively representative of these characteristics, and how are such representations distributed to global audiences? How does this global distribution and consumption of immaterial Portland feed back into the production of material Portland? To answer these questions we look to the realm of social media, specifically the popular image-based service Instagram. For the uninitiated, Instagram is a web-based social media service that allows pictures to be shared and seen by anyone that follows a person or business’ Instagram account. Actions include posting original photos (often taken and posted with a cell phone), ‘liking’ pictures, and ‘hash-tagging’ posts with trending terms that increase visibility. Instagram presents us with a complex view of place as both material and virtual, sometimes reifying and sometimes abstracting often-contradictory understandings of place specificity. Many makers use Instagram to promote their products to a broad audience and, in doing so, makers participate in the construction of Portland’s mythology. In this paper, we use empirical insights to theorise makers’ role in shaping and cultivating the virtual and material aspects of place. Additionally, we discuss how makers navigate the complex relationships tied to the importance of place in their specific cultural productions. In the first section, we develop the notion of a curated maker subjectivity. In the second section, we consider the relationship between subjectivity and place. Both sections emphasize how Instagram mediates the relationship between place and subjectivity. Through spotlighting particular literatures in each section, we attempt to fill a gap in the literature that addresses the relationship between subjectivity, place, and social media. Through this line of analysis, we attempt to better understand how and where Portland is made, along with the implications for Portland’s makers. Title: Where Is Portland Made? The Complex Relationship between Social Media and Place in the Artisan Economy of Portland, Oregon (USA) Author: Marotta, Stephen, Cummings, Austin, Heying, Charles H. Year: 2016 Portland, Oregon (USA) has become known for an artisanal or ‘maker’ economy that relies on a resurgence of place specificity (Heying), primarily expressed and exported to a global audience in the notion of ‘Portland Made’ (Roy). Portland Made reveals a tension immanent in the notion of ‘place’: place is both here and not here, both real and imaginary. What emerges is a complicated picture of how place conceptually captures various intersections of materiality and mythology, aesthetics and economics. On the one hand, Portland Made represents the collective brand-identity used by Portland’s makers to signify a products’ material existence as handcrafted, place-embedded, and authentic. These characteristics lead to certain assumptions about the concept of ‘local’ (Marotta and Heying): what meaning does Portland Made convey, and how is such meaning distributed? On the other hand, the seemingly intentional embedding of place-specificity in objects meant for distribution far outside of Portland begs another type of question: how does Portland come to be discursively representative of these characteristics, and how are such representations distributed to global audiences? How does this global distribution and consumption of immaterial Portland feed back into the production of material Portland? To answer these questions we look to the realm of social media, specifically the popular image-based service Instagram. For the uninitiated, Instagram is a web-based social media service that allows pictures to be shared and seen by anyone that follows a person or business’ Instagram account. Actions include posting original photos (often taken and posted with a cell phone), ‘liking’ pictures, and ‘hash-tagging’ posts with trending terms that increase visibility. Instagram presents us with a complex view of place as both material and virtual, sometimes reifying and sometimes abstracting often-contradictory understandings of place specificity. Many makers use Instagram to promote their products to a broad audience and, in doing so, makers participate in the construction of Portland’s mythology. In this paper, we use empirical insights to theorise makers’ role in shaping and cultivating the virtual and material aspects of place. Additionally, we discuss how makers navigate the complex relationships tied to the importance of place in their specific cultural productions. In the first section, we develop the notion of a curated maker subjectivity. In the second section, we consider the relationship between subjectivity and place. Both sections emphasize how Instagram mediates the relationship between place and subjectivity. Through spotlighting particular literatures in each section, we attempt to fill a gap in the literature that addresses the relationship between subjectivity, place, and social media. Through this line of analysis, we attempt to better understand how and where Portland is made, along with the implications for Portland’s makers. Close

• 15. [Article] SLH Property Management: Web Based Portals Project

  The purpose of the project is to develop a web application for the company. Since our company operates in a mature, competitive industry, customer retention through excellent customer service is a necessity. ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: SLH Property Management: Web Based Portals Project Author: Janzen, Henry, Paneerselvam, Sridharkumar, Lee, Yongjun Year: 2015 The purpose of the project is to develop a web application for the company. Since our company operates in a mature, competitive industry, customer retention through excellent customer service is a necessity. To improve customer service, company should provide online services to client by creating a new website. The proposed web application would double revenues in three years. Title: SLH Property Management: Web Based Portals Project Author: Janzen, Henry, Paneerselvam, Sridharkumar, Lee, Yongjun Year: 2015 The purpose of the project is to develop a web application for the company. Since our company operates in a mature, competitive industry, customer retention through excellent customer service is a necessity. To improve customer service, company should provide online services to client by creating a new website. The proposed web application would double revenues in three years. Close

• 16. [Article] The First Principles Of Web Search: A Primer On Search Engine Optimization

  Our users’ changing information habits mean that Search Engine Optimization (SEO or the basic principles of how web search works) has become a practical skill for librarians in a wide range of job roles. ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The First Principles Of Web Search: A Primer On Search Engine Optimization Author: Schiller, Nicholas Year: 2011 Our users’ changing information habits mean that Search Engine Optimization (SEO or the basic principles of how web search works) has become a practical skill for librarians in a wide range of job roles. Unfortunately, SEO has been relegated as a niche skill for librarians who do web design or marketing work. I want to correct this misnomer and make a case for redefining SEO as understanding the fundamental principles of web search. Increasing numbers of library users rely on web search to filter the information they receive. Librarians who understand Internet search with the same level of detail as they understand catalog searching or database searching will be much better prepared to assist this kind of library user. In this session, we will visualize basic search engine functionality and discuss the difference between keyword matching and Pagerank algorithms. We’ll examine how web-scale discovery and next-generation catalogs use these concepts to make our collections available to our patrons. Finally, we’ll engage in a guided discussion of how these concepts are integrated into the daily practices of public, special, and academic librarians specializing in reference, technical, and access services. Title: The First Principles Of Web Search: A Primer On Search Engine Optimization Author: Schiller, Nicholas Year: 2011 Our users’ changing information habits mean that Search Engine Optimization (SEO or the basic principles of how web search works) has become a practical skill for librarians in a wide range of job roles. Unfortunately, SEO has been relegated as a niche skill for librarians who do web design or marketing work. I want to correct this misnomer and make a case for redefining SEO as understanding the fundamental principles of web search. Increasing numbers of library users rely on web search to filter the information they receive. Librarians who understand Internet search with the same level of detail as they understand catalog searching or database searching will be much better prepared to assist this kind of library user. In this session, we will visualize basic search engine functionality and discuss the difference between keyword matching and Pagerank algorithms. We’ll examine how web-scale discovery and next-generation catalogs use these concepts to make our collections available to our patrons. Finally, we’ll engage in a guided discussion of how these concepts are integrated into the daily practices of public, special, and academic librarians specializing in reference, technical, and access services. Close

• 17. [Article] Web Traffic Forecasting for Professional Website

  Internet has become an important tool for people's daily life and work in recent years. According to Internet Usage and World Population Statistics on December 31, 2009, there were 1.8 billion internet ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Web Traffic Forecasting for Professional Website Author: Yang, Jiting, Mahaphol, Inthrayuth Year: 2010 Internet has become an important tool for people's daily life and work in recent years. According to Internet Usage and World Population Statistics on December 31, 2009, there were 1.8 billion internet users [1]. Although the website traffic is influenced by various factors, an accurate prediction on website traffic trend is very crucial to the companies' market strategy and resource allocation. Better predictions of spikes in web traffic, company can improve its service quality and avoid server overload in advance. The general web traffic forecasting models have been extensively investigated since Internet became popular globally. However, in the realm of professional open source website, whose users’ profile is as unique as its website content, this kind of research has not yet been well developed. Title: Web Traffic Forecasting for Professional Website Author: Yang, Jiting, Mahaphol, Inthrayuth Year: 2010 Internet has become an important tool for people's daily life and work in recent years. According to Internet Usage and World Population Statistics on December 31, 2009, there were 1.8 billion internet users [1]. Although the website traffic is influenced by various factors, an accurate prediction on website traffic trend is very crucial to the companies' market strategy and resource allocation. Better predictions of spikes in web traffic, company can improve its service quality and avoid server overload in advance. The general web traffic forecasting models have been extensively investigated since Internet became popular globally. However, in the realm of professional open source website, whose users’ profile is as unique as its website content, this kind of research has not yet been well developed. Close

• 18. [Article] Web Conferencing Software

  Web conferencing software -- also known as webinar, videoconferencing, online meeting, and virtual classroom software -- is a web-­based technology that allows groups to synchronously communicate online. ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Web Conferencing Software Author: Farkas, Meredith G. Year: 2013 Web conferencing software -- also known as webinar, videoconferencing, online meeting, and virtual classroom software -- is a web-­based technology that allows groups to synchronously communicate online. Most web conferencing software offers collaboration through text, voice and video chat, screen-­sharing, collaborative whiteboards, and file-­sharing. Tips and Trends, written by Instructional Technologies Committee members, introduces and discusses new, emerging, or even familiar technology which can be applied in the library instruction setting. Title: Web Conferencing Software Author: Farkas, Meredith G. Year: 2013 Web conferencing software -- also known as webinar, videoconferencing, online meeting, and virtual classroom software -- is a web-­based technology that allows groups to synchronously communicate online. Most web conferencing software offers collaboration through text, voice and video chat, screen-­sharing, collaborative whiteboards, and file-­sharing. Tips and Trends, written by Instructional Technologies Committee members, introduces and discusses new, emerging, or even familiar technology which can be applied in the library instruction setting. Close

• 19. [Article] Portland State University E-CRM System Implementation

  In the 90’s business practices was revolutionize through a concept that introduce a new way for business to interact with their clients and customer bases. The new concepts that change the way business’s ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Portland State University E-CRM System Implementation Author: Perrenoud, Christophe Year: 2012 In the 90’s business practices was revolutionize through a concept that introduce a new way for business to interact with their clients and customer bases. The new concepts that change the way business’s relationship with a new concept called CRM (Customer / Constituent Relationship Manager). Through the emergences of database, CRM allows information to be stored and access by management to improve customer services, information tracking, and customized services to the customer’s needs. As technology involve through the evolution of PC (Personal Computer) and information system, software begins to incrementally improve CRM to meet the requirements across vast of industries. CRM was able to run on computer as an application and organizations were utilized and access CRM to increase business’s goals. The rise of the Internet changed the use of CRM from organization running offsite storages. This reduces significant of resources and investment with the possibility of the Internet; organization was able to transition to Internet solution. Through the evolution of web 2.0, the use of the Internet transitioned from static to dynamic. Server-sided application boomed bring interactivity to the web environment with social media, web applications, interactive applets, and accessing the web anywhere through the use of mobile devices. This opens the world of the Internet with online businesses and e-commerce. The evolution of web 2.0 introduces Internet dynamics and pushes a growing use of ecommerce and online businesses. The transitioning of online businesses, e-commerce, and web 2.0 environments has pushed the traditional CRM as software to net environment centered ECRM (Electronic Customer / Constituent Relationship Management). Title: Portland State University E-CRM System Implementation Author: Perrenoud, Christophe Year: 2012 In the 90’s business practices was revolutionize through a concept that introduce a new way for business to interact with their clients and customer bases. The new concepts that change the way business’s relationship with a new concept called CRM (Customer / Constituent Relationship Manager). Through the emergences of database, CRM allows information to be stored and access by management to improve customer services, information tracking, and customized services to the customer’s needs. As technology involve through the evolution of PC (Personal Computer) and information system, software begins to incrementally improve CRM to meet the requirements across vast of industries. CRM was able to run on computer as an application and organizations were utilized and access CRM to increase business’s goals. The rise of the Internet changed the use of CRM from organization running offsite storages. This reduces significant of resources and investment with the possibility of the Internet; organization was able to transition to Internet solution. Through the evolution of web 2.0, the use of the Internet transitioned from static to dynamic. Server-sided application boomed bring interactivity to the web environment with social media, web applications, interactive applets, and accessing the web anywhere through the use of mobile devices. This opens the world of the Internet with online businesses and e-commerce. The evolution of web 2.0 introduces Internet dynamics and pushes a growing use of ecommerce and online businesses. The transitioning of online businesses, e-commerce, and web 2.0 environments has pushed the traditional CRM as software to net environment centered ECRM (Electronic Customer / Constituent Relationship Management). Close

• 20. [Article] The Ownership of the Internet and the World Wide Web in Vermont

  The internet is an interesting case, since it was created entirely with taxpayer's money by DARPA, while the world wide web was created at CERN in Switzerland and placed into the public domain voluntarily ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The Ownership of the Internet and the World Wide Web in Vermont Author: Kubiszewski, Ida Year: 2008 The internet is an interesting case, since it was created entirely with taxpayer's money by DARPA, while the world wide web was created at CERN in Switzerland and placed into the public domain voluntarily in 1993. The internet and web have many features of a commons, and many people refer to the "internet commons". Kubiszewski (pronounced cube- ih-shefski) explores the intricacies of the internet and world wide web to determine if internet companies are extracting economic rent from the public and how it could be recovered. She finds that companies are making a substantial profit by utilizing a resource that was developed by a collective whole and not through their own efforts. In particular, services of ISPs connecting people to the web should be subject to rent as well as the provision of web domain names. Kubiszewski determined that the average profit for Fortune 1000 companies is 7% and everything above that could be considered economic rent. She finds that economic rent from public telecoms to be $17 million, private ISPs to be $3.3 million, and domain names $9.3 million. Totaling up all the economic rent, we find that economic rent owed to Vermonters is approximately $30 million per year. Instead of dividing this money into equal dividend of about $50 per person, which promotes consumption and encourages the investment into private goods, the money would be placed into a trust with the primary purpose of supporting and furthering research and intellectual development in an open forum. Title: The Ownership of the Internet and the World Wide Web in Vermont Author: Kubiszewski, Ida Year: 2008 The internet is an interesting case, since it was created entirely with taxpayer's money by DARPA, while the world wide web was created at CERN in Switzerland and placed into the public domain voluntarily in 1993. The internet and web have many features of a commons, and many people refer to the "internet commons". Kubiszewski (pronounced cube- ih-shefski) explores the intricacies of the internet and world wide web to determine if internet companies are extracting economic rent from the public and how it could be recovered. She finds that companies are making a substantial profit by utilizing a resource that was developed by a collective whole and not through their own efforts. In particular, services of ISPs connecting people to the web should be subject to rent as well as the provision of web domain names. Kubiszewski determined that the average profit for Fortune 1000 companies is 7% and everything above that could be considered economic rent. She finds that economic rent from public telecoms to be $17 million, private ISPs to be $3.3 million, and domain names $9.3 million. Totaling up all the economic rent, we find that economic rent owed to Vermonters is approximately $30 million per year. Instead of dividing this money into equal dividend of about $50 per person, which promotes consumption and encourages the investment into private goods, the money would be placed into a trust with the primary purpose of supporting and furthering research and intellectual development in an open forum. Close