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31. [Image] Jennie Peo, with children, in camp; PH036_4081


	This photograph was identified as 'Jennie Peo, with children, in camp' from Major Moorhouse. From a unidentified tribal member it is 'Mose and Levi' for the two boys and 'Jenny and Eva Van Pelt' both with ...
	Citation Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Jennie Peo, with children, in camp; PH036_4081 Year: 1900 This photograph was identified as 'Jennie Peo, with children, in camp' from Major Moorhouse. From a unidentified tribal member it is 'Mose and Levi' for the two boys and 'Jenny and Eva Van Pelt' both with a question mark next to the names. 2) A Native American woman is seated in front of a cloth backdrop, along with her four children. The woman is wearing a cloth dress, with a fringed shawl around her shoulders. She has long braids, moccasins, and a ring on one hand. She is holding an infant child on her lap. The baby is dressed in a long, white, cloth dress. Two young boys are standing on her right side. The boys are dressed in cloth shirts and overalls. The shorter boy is standing in front of the taller boy; he has a scarf or bandanna around his neck and is wearing leather boots. Both boys have very short hair. A young girl is standing on the left side of her mother. She is wearing a cotton dress with a collar and pockets, socks, and leather boots that lace up above the ankles. She has a white cloth bonnet on her head. Her face is not visible beneath the bonnet; she appears to be looking down and the bonnet is blurry as if she had moved her head as the photograph was taken. The woman's shawl hangs down to the ground and is draped behind her chair or stool and all of the children. The family is posed on top of a striped blanket that is on the ground in front of the backdrop. The cloth backdrop is suspended on the outside wall of a wooden building, with some of the wooden slats visible on the left side of the image. Title: Jennie Peo, with children, in camp; PH036_4081 Year: 1900 This photograph was identified as 'Jennie Peo, with children, in camp' from Major Moorhouse. From a unidentified tribal member it is 'Mose and Levi' for the two boys and 'Jenny and Eva Van Pelt' both with a question mark next to the names. 2) A Native American woman is seated in front of a cloth backdrop, along with her four children. The woman is wearing a cloth dress, with a fringed shawl around her shoulders. She has long braids, moccasins, and a ring on one hand. She is holding an infant child on her lap. The baby is dressed in a long, white, cloth dress. Two young boys are standing on her right side. The boys are dressed in cloth shirts and overalls. The shorter boy is standing in front of the taller boy; he has a scarf or bandanna around his neck and is wearing leather boots. Both boys have very short hair. A young girl is standing on the left side of her mother. She is wearing a cotton dress with a collar and pockets, socks, and leather boots that lace up above the ankles. She has a white cloth bonnet on her head. Her face is not visible beneath the bonnet; she appears to be looking down and the bonnet is blurry as if she had moved her head as the photograph was taken. The woman's shawl hangs down to the ground and is draped behind her chair or stool and all of the children. The family is posed on top of a striped blanket that is on the ground in front of the backdrop. The cloth backdrop is suspended on the outside wall of a wooden building, with some of the wooden slats visible on the left side of the image.

32. [Image] Young Chief, Whirlwind, and No-Shirt, Umatilla Indians in costume, on horseback, at Umatilla Reserve, July 4, 1903. Thumbing White Man for dropping in on US/U.S.; PH036_4847


	Three Native American men, identified as Young Chief, Whirlwind, and Chief No-shirt, are mounted on dark-colored horses on a plain in front of four tipis. Each man carries a staff with ermine, eagle feathers, ...
	Citation Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Young Chief, Whirlwind, and No-Shirt, Umatilla Indians in costume, on horseback, at Umatilla Reserve, July 4, 1903. Thumbing White Man for dropping in on US/U.S.; PH036_4847 Year: 1903 Three Native American men, identified as Young Chief, Whirlwind, and Chief No-shirt, are mounted on dark-colored horses on a plain in front of four tipis. Each man carries a staff with ermine, eagle feathers, or other decoration, and Young Chief holds a second, shorter staff with long fringe. All wear headdresses with ermine hanging down, and eagle feather trails, and two have horned headdresses. The men wear beaded moccasins and beaded pants. One wears a cloth vest, one a cloth shirt, and one a buckskin shirt. The pants of two men are visible and seem to be cloth with strips of geometric beading. The horses have beaded bridles, martingales, masks, and reins, and Young Chief's horse shook its head as the photo was taken. Chief No-shirt's horse has a striped saddle blanket; the saddle has a long strip of fur hanging down from the saddle horn, nearly to the ground. All men wear jewelry. In the background at the right of the picture, the four tipis are lined up. In the background at the left, other people and part of a horse can be seen, and at the very left it looks as though someone were holding a flag. Title: Young Chief, Whirlwind, and No-Shirt, Umatilla Indians in costume, on horseback, at Umatilla Reserve, July 4, 1903. Thumbing White Man for dropping in on US/U.S.; PH036_4847 Year: 1903 Three Native American men, identified as Young Chief, Whirlwind, and Chief No-shirt, are mounted on dark-colored horses on a plain in front of four tipis. Each man carries a staff with ermine, eagle feathers, or other decoration, and Young Chief holds a second, shorter staff with long fringe. All wear headdresses with ermine hanging down, and eagle feather trails, and two have horned headdresses. The men wear beaded moccasins and beaded pants. One wears a cloth vest, one a cloth shirt, and one a buckskin shirt. The pants of two men are visible and seem to be cloth with strips of geometric beading. The horses have beaded bridles, martingales, masks, and reins, and Young Chief's horse shook its head as the photo was taken. Chief No-shirt's horse has a striped saddle blanket; the saddle has a long strip of fur hanging down from the saddle horn, nearly to the ground. All men wear jewelry. In the background at the right of the picture, the four tipis are lined up. In the background at the left, other people and part of a horse can be seen, and at the very left it looks as though someone were holding a flag.

33. [Image] Bowling green


	Fort Amsterdam was erected on the site of the present Custom House facing Bowling Green. At this time the island ended there. The extreme lower edge, occupied now by streets to South Ferry and the Battery ...
	Citation Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Bowling green Year: 1900 Fort Amsterdam was erected on the site of the present Custom House facing Bowling Green. At this time the island ended there. The extreme lower edge, occupied now by streets to South Ferry and the Battery Park district, has been constructed in recent times. Space has also been made along the eastern and western edge of the island. At the beginning of the Dutch occupation the northern limit of the little settlement which looked out upon a wilderness was at Wall Street. Along this northern limit a wooden wall or palisade was built for protection against wild animals and Indians. This was first built by felling trees and piling their trunks out in a row along the path. A few years later Peter Stuyvesant who was governor general of the island ordered the inhabitants to build more substantial barrier. It was from this wooden wall that Wall Street gets its name. Now Wall Street is a narrow canyon bordered on either side by towering skyscrappers through which flows the wealth not only of this country but of the world. This old wall stood until about 1699 when it was torn down. Meanwhile, it had confined the growth of the settlement to a very small area and retarded the orderly development of streets and roads. This is why the lower part of Manhattan today is full of short, crooked and narrow streets. One of the last streets laid out in the old enclosure was called New Street, and today if you go from Broadway east down Wall Street the first street that you will pass on your right will be New Street. Many of these old streets still follow the old cow paths. Not a one of the original buildings in this oldest part of the city remains. All that is left to remind the visitor of the past is an occasional tablet placed on the site of the most interesting of these early incidents. Perhaps this but emphasizes a trait that is especially American--the placing of trade and commerce or money above sentiment. Some time we Americans will awake to the fact that after all there are some things of more worth than money. Here in the West I hope that the realization of this may not come too late--after we have destroyed our forests, killed our wild game, strewn newspapers, tobacco boxes and egg shells over our mountains and made our rivers dumping places for our sewers. You have probably cherished many sentimental pictures of the beautiful and picturesque Hudson River. It is still beautiful from a distance, but the cities built along its banks have had no respect for its beauty and have made it filthy with their dumpings. A close up view of it from a ferry is frequently a nauseating sight to a sensitive person. Can't we take a lesson from it in our treatment of our own beautiful rivers? In addition to the public buildings erected on this lower portion of the island for trade and business, there came to be beautiful homes of the most wealthy citizens. These were along State Street and in the vicinity of Broadway. Stephen Whitney, inventor of the cotton gin and others lived here. Stately houses they were for their day and yet entirely innocent of such present-day conveniences as running water, gas or steam heat. Open fireplaces furnished all the heat. During the Civil War troops were quartered at the Battery and from that time on the character of the place changed. Homes were built further up town and the lower sites came to be replaced with business structures. In this old residence section steamship companies found location for their offices. It seems to be a characteristic step in New York City's growth that as people are crowded from their homes by the encroaching of commerce and trade, business first appropriates these old homes and then gradually replaces them with modern business buildings. This is what has happened to the lower section of the city and what may still be seen happening in the up town districts. The steamship companies still have their offices in this early residence district, but there is a far cry from the residences of 200 years ago and the offices that one sees today, on what is comonly "Steamship Row". Title: Bowling green Year: 1900 Fort Amsterdam was erected on the site of the present Custom House facing Bowling Green. At this time the island ended there. The extreme lower edge, occupied now by streets to South Ferry and the Battery Park district, has been constructed in recent times. Space has also been made along the eastern and western edge of the island. At the beginning of the Dutch occupation the northern limit of the little settlement which looked out upon a wilderness was at Wall Street. Along this northern limit a wooden wall or palisade was built for protection against wild animals and Indians. This was first built by felling trees and piling their trunks out in a row along the path. A few years later Peter Stuyvesant who was governor general of the island ordered the inhabitants to build more substantial barrier. It was from this wooden wall that Wall Street gets its name. Now Wall Street is a narrow canyon bordered on either side by towering skyscrappers through which flows the wealth not only of this country but of the world. This old wall stood until about 1699 when it was torn down. Meanwhile, it had confined the growth of the settlement to a very small area and retarded the orderly development of streets and roads. This is why the lower part of Manhattan today is full of short, crooked and narrow streets. One of the last streets laid out in the old enclosure was called New Street, and today if you go from Broadway east down Wall Street the first street that you will pass on your right will be New Street. Many of these old streets still follow the old cow paths. Not a one of the original buildings in this oldest part of the city remains. All that is left to remind the visitor of the past is an occasional tablet placed on the site of the most interesting of these early incidents. Perhaps this but emphasizes a trait that is especially American--the placing of trade and commerce or money above sentiment. Some time we Americans will awake to the fact that after all there are some things of more worth than money. Here in the West I hope that the realization of this may not come too late--after we have destroyed our forests, killed our wild game, strewn newspapers, tobacco boxes and egg shells over our mountains and made our rivers dumping places for our sewers. You have probably cherished many sentimental pictures of the beautiful and picturesque Hudson River. It is still beautiful from a distance, but the cities built along its banks have had no respect for its beauty and have made it filthy with their dumpings. A close up view of it from a ferry is frequently a nauseating sight to a sensitive person. Can't we take a lesson from it in our treatment of our own beautiful rivers? In addition to the public buildings erected on this lower portion of the island for trade and business, there came to be beautiful homes of the most wealthy citizens. These were along State Street and in the vicinity of Broadway. Stephen Whitney, inventor of the cotton gin and others lived here. Stately houses they were for their day and yet entirely innocent of such present-day conveniences as running water, gas or steam heat. Open fireplaces furnished all the heat. During the Civil War troops were quartered at the Battery and from that time on the character of the place changed. Homes were built further up town and the lower sites came to be replaced with business structures. In this old residence section steamship companies found location for their offices. It seems to be a characteristic step in New York City's growth that as people are crowded from their homes by the encroaching of commerce and trade, business first appropriates these old homes and then gradually replaces them with modern business buildings. This is what has happened to the lower section of the city and what may still be seen happening in the up town districts. The steamship companies still have their offices in this early residence district, but there is a far cry from the residences of 200 years ago and the offices that one sees today, on what is comonly "Steamship Row".