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• 1. [Article] Work Completed for Compliance with the Biological Opinion for Hatchery Programs in the Willamette Basin USACE funding: 2004 Annual Report

  Abstract -- The National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) has listed spring chinook salmon(Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) and winter steelhead (O. mykiss) in the Upper Willamette River Evolutionarily Significant ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Work Completed for Compliance with the Biological Opinion for Hatchery Programs in the Willamette Basin USACE funding: 2004 Annual Report Abstract -- The National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) has listed spring chinook salmon(Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) and winter steelhead (O. mykiss) in the Upper Willamette River Evolutionarily Significant Unit (ESU) as threatened under the Endangered Species Act (ESA; 64 FRN 14308; 64 FRN 14517). Concomitant with this listing, any actions taken or funded by a federal agency must be evaluated to assess whether these actions are likely to jeopardize the continued existence of threatened and endangered species, or result in the destruction or impairment of critical habitat. Several fish hatcheries operate within the ESU and may impact wild populations of listed species. Although all of the artificial propagation programs that potentially affect listed salmonids in the Upper Willamette River ESUs are operated by the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife(ODFW), 90% of the funding for these operations comes from the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (COE). Possible risks of artificial propagation programs have been well documented. Hazards include disease transfer, competition for food and spawning sites, increased predation,increased incidental mortality from harvest, loss of genetic variability, genetic drift, and domestication (Steward and Bjornn 1990; Hard et al. 1992; Cuenco et al. 1993; Busack and Currens 1995; NRC 1996; and Waples 1999). Hatcheries can also play a positive role for wild salmonids by bolstering populations, especially those on the verge of extirpation, providing a genetic reserve in the case of extirpation, and providing opportunities for nutrient enrichment of streams (Steward and Bjornn 1990; Cuenco et al. 1993). The objective of this project is to evaluate the potential effects of hatchery programs on naturally spawning populations of spring chinook and winter steelhead within the Upper Willamette River ESU. The project employs four types of activities to achieve this goal: sampling of returns to hatcheries, creels to assess fisheries, monitoring of adult and juvenile migration through the use of traps and video observations, and monitoring natural production through spawning ground surveys. Title: Work Completed for Compliance with the Biological Opinion for Hatchery Programs in the Willamette Basin USACE funding: 2004 Annual Report Abstract -- The National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) has listed spring chinook salmon(Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) and winter steelhead (O. mykiss) in the Upper Willamette River Evolutionarily Significant Unit (ESU) as threatened under the Endangered Species Act (ESA; 64 FRN 14308; 64 FRN 14517). Concomitant with this listing, any actions taken or funded by a federal agency must be evaluated to assess whether these actions are likely to jeopardize the continued existence of threatened and endangered species, or result in the destruction or impairment of critical habitat. Several fish hatcheries operate within the ESU and may impact wild populations of listed species. Although all of the artificial propagation programs that potentially affect listed salmonids in the Upper Willamette River ESUs are operated by the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife(ODFW), 90% of the funding for these operations comes from the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (COE). Possible risks of artificial propagation programs have been well documented. Hazards include disease transfer, competition for food and spawning sites, increased predation,increased incidental mortality from harvest, loss of genetic variability, genetic drift, and domestication (Steward and Bjornn 1990; Hard et al. 1992; Cuenco et al. 1993; Busack and Currens 1995; NRC 1996; and Waples 1999). Hatcheries can also play a positive role for wild salmonids by bolstering populations, especially those on the verge of extirpation, providing a genetic reserve in the case of extirpation, and providing opportunities for nutrient enrichment of streams (Steward and Bjornn 1990; Cuenco et al. 1993). The objective of this project is to evaluate the potential effects of hatchery programs on naturally spawning populations of spring chinook and winter steelhead within the Upper Willamette River ESU. The project employs four types of activities to achieve this goal: sampling of returns to hatcheries, creels to assess fisheries, monitoring of adult and juvenile migration through the use of traps and video observations, and monitoring natural production through spawning ground surveys. Close

• 2. [Article] Salmonberry River Steelhead Spawning Surveys

  Abstract -- Results of spawning ground surveys since 1994, done by volunteers under a STEP project. Target species = winter steelhead. Project background and protocols are reported in the document "STEP ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Salmonberry River Steelhead Spawning Surveys Abstract -- Results of spawning ground surveys since 1994, done by volunteers under a STEP project. Target species = winter steelhead. Project background and protocols are reported in the document "STEP Report-Salmonberry Spawning Surveys". For convenience and further long-term context, the data also include ODFW peak counts since 1973, based on Streamnet data (1973-1992) and personal communication from Walt Weber (1993 and later) Title: Salmonberry River Steelhead Spawning Surveys Abstract -- Results of spawning ground surveys since 1994, done by volunteers under a STEP project. Target species = winter steelhead. Project background and protocols are reported in the document "STEP Report-Salmonberry Spawning Surveys". For convenience and further long-term context, the data also include ODFW peak counts since 1973, based on Streamnet data (1973-1992) and personal communication from Walt Weber (1993 and later) Close

• 3. [Article] Pine Creek and Catherine Creek Bull Trout Surveys - 2011

  Abstract -- Spawning ground index surveys for bull trout in the Pine Creek Basin (Baker County) and the Grande Ronde Basin (Catherine Creek)

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Pine Creek and Catherine Creek Bull Trout Surveys - 2011 Abstract -- Spawning ground index surveys for bull trout in the Pine Creek Basin (Baker County) and the Grande Ronde Basin (Catherine Creek) Title: Pine Creek and Catherine Creek Bull Trout Surveys - 2011 Abstract -- Spawning ground index surveys for bull trout in the Pine Creek Basin (Baker County) and the Grande Ronde Basin (Catherine Creek) Close

• 4. [Article] Willamette Biological Opinion Hatchery Research 2002 Annual Report

  Abstract -- Possible risks of artificial propagation programs have been well documented. Hazards include disease transfer, competition for food and spawning sites, increased predation, increased incidental ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Willamette Biological Opinion Hatchery Research 2002 Annual Report Abstract -- Possible risks of artificial propagation programs have been well documented. Hazards include disease transfer, competition for food and spawning sites, increased predation, increased incidental mortality from harvest, loss of genetic variability, genetic drift, and domestication (Steward and Bjornn 1990; Hard et al. 1992; Cuenco et al. 1993; Busack and Currens 1995; NRC 1996; and Waples 1999). Hatcheries can also play a positive role for wild salmonids by bolstering populations, especially those on the verge of extirpation, providing a genetic reserve in the case of extirpation, and providing opportunities for nutrient enrichment of streams (Steward and Bjornn 1990; Cuenco et al. 1993). The objective of this project is to evaluate the potential effects hatchery programs on naturally spawning populations of Spring Chinook and winter Steelhead within the Upper Willamette River ESU. The project employs four types of activities to achieve this goal: sampling of returns to hatcheries, creels to assess fisheries, monitoring of adult and juvenile migration through the use of traps and video observations, and monitoring natural production through spawning ground surveys. Title: Willamette Biological Opinion Hatchery Research 2002 Annual Report Abstract -- Possible risks of artificial propagation programs have been well documented. Hazards include disease transfer, competition for food and spawning sites, increased predation, increased incidental mortality from harvest, loss of genetic variability, genetic drift, and domestication (Steward and Bjornn 1990; Hard et al. 1992; Cuenco et al. 1993; Busack and Currens 1995; NRC 1996; and Waples 1999). Hatcheries can also play a positive role for wild salmonids by bolstering populations, especially those on the verge of extirpation, providing a genetic reserve in the case of extirpation, and providing opportunities for nutrient enrichment of streams (Steward and Bjornn 1990; Cuenco et al. 1993). The objective of this project is to evaluate the potential effects hatchery programs on naturally spawning populations of Spring Chinook and winter Steelhead within the Upper Willamette River ESU. The project employs four types of activities to achieve this goal: sampling of returns to hatcheries, creels to assess fisheries, monitoring of adult and juvenile migration through the use of traps and video observations, and monitoring natural production through spawning ground surveys. Close

• 5. [Article] Willamette Biological Opinion Hatchery Research 2002-03 Addendum

  Abstract -- This report is an addendum to the report on activities in 2002 that was generated in December of that year. This report also presents results of spawning surveys and stomach content analysis ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Willamette Biological Opinion Hatchery Research 2002-03 Addendum Abstract -- This report is an addendum to the report on activities in 2002 that was generated in December of that year. This report also presents results of spawning surveys and stomach content analysis that were completed in 2003. A complete report for the 2003 survey season will be prepared after the seasons trapping and angler surveys have ended. Title: Willamette Biological Opinion Hatchery Research 2002-03 Addendum Abstract -- This report is an addendum to the report on activities in 2002 that was generated in December of that year. This report also presents results of spawning surveys and stomach content analysis that were completed in 2003. A complete report for the 2003 survey season will be prepared after the seasons trapping and angler surveys have ended. Close

• 6. [Article] Willamette Biological Opinion Hatchery Research 2003 Annual Report

  Abstract -- Possible risks of artificial propagation programs have been well documented. Hazards include disease transfer, competition for food and spawning sites, increased predation, increased incidental ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Willamette Biological Opinion Hatchery Research 2003 Annual Report Abstract -- Possible risks of artificial propagation programs have been well documented. Hazards include disease transfer, competition for food and spawning sites, increased predation, increased incidental mortality from harvest, loss of genetic variability, genetic drift, and domestication (Steward and Bjornn 1990; Hard et al. 1992; Cuenco et al. 1993; Busack and Currens 1995; NRC 1996; and Waples 1999). Hatcheries can also play a positive role for wild salmonids by bolstering populations, especially those on the verge of extirpation, providing a genetic reserve in the case of extirpation, and providing opportunities for nutrient enrichment of streams (Steward and Bjornn 1990; Cuenco et al. 1993). The objective of this project is to evaluate the potential effects of hatchery programs on naturally spawning populations of spring chinook and winter steelhead within the Upper Willamette River ESU. The project employs four types of activities to achieve this goal: sampling of returns to hatcheries, creels to assess fisheries, monitoring of adult and juvenile migration through the use of traps and video observations, and monitoring natural production through spawning ground surveys. Title: Willamette Biological Opinion Hatchery Research 2003 Annual Report Abstract -- Possible risks of artificial propagation programs have been well documented. Hazards include disease transfer, competition for food and spawning sites, increased predation, increased incidental mortality from harvest, loss of genetic variability, genetic drift, and domestication (Steward and Bjornn 1990; Hard et al. 1992; Cuenco et al. 1993; Busack and Currens 1995; NRC 1996; and Waples 1999). Hatcheries can also play a positive role for wild salmonids by bolstering populations, especially those on the verge of extirpation, providing a genetic reserve in the case of extirpation, and providing opportunities for nutrient enrichment of streams (Steward and Bjornn 1990; Cuenco et al. 1993). The objective of this project is to evaluate the potential effects of hatchery programs on naturally spawning populations of spring chinook and winter steelhead within the Upper Willamette River ESU. The project employs four types of activities to achieve this goal: sampling of returns to hatcheries, creels to assess fisheries, monitoring of adult and juvenile migration through the use of traps and video observations, and monitoring natural production through spawning ground surveys. Close

• 7. [Article] Willamette Biological Opinion Hatchery Research 2007 Interim Activities Report

  Abstract -- Possible risks of artificial propagation programs have been well documented. Hazards include disease transfer, competition for food and spawning sites, increased predation, increased incidental mortality ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Willamette Biological Opinion Hatchery Research 2007 Interim Activities Report Abstract -- Possible risks of artificial propagation programs have been well documented. Hazards include disease transfer, competition for food and spawning sites, increased predation, increased incidental mortality from harvest, loss of genetic variability, genetic drift, and domestication (Steward and Bjornn 1990; Hard et al. 1992; Cuenco et al. 1993; Busack and Currens 1995; NRC 1996; and Waples 1999). Hatcheries can also play a positive role for wild salmonids by bolstering populations, especially those on the verge of extirpation, by providing a genetic reserve as well as providing opportunities for nutrient enrichment of streams (Steward and Bjornn 1990; Cuenco et al. 1993). The objective of this project is to evaluate the potential effects of hatchery programs on naturally spawning populations of spring Chinook within the Upper Willamette River ESU. The project employs three types of activities to achieve this goal: sampling of returns to hatcheries, monitoring of adult migration through the use video observations, and monitoring natural production through spawning ground surveys. Title: Willamette Biological Opinion Hatchery Research 2007 Interim Activities Report Abstract -- Possible risks of artificial propagation programs have been well documented. Hazards include disease transfer, competition for food and spawning sites, increased predation, increased incidental mortality from harvest, loss of genetic variability, genetic drift, and domestication (Steward and Bjornn 1990; Hard et al. 1992; Cuenco et al. 1993; Busack and Currens 1995; NRC 1996; and Waples 1999). Hatcheries can also play a positive role for wild salmonids by bolstering populations, especially those on the verge of extirpation, by providing a genetic reserve as well as providing opportunities for nutrient enrichment of streams (Steward and Bjornn 1990; Cuenco et al. 1993). The objective of this project is to evaluate the potential effects of hatchery programs on naturally spawning populations of spring Chinook within the Upper Willamette River ESU. The project employs three types of activities to achieve this goal: sampling of returns to hatcheries, monitoring of adult migration through the use video observations, and monitoring natural production through spawning ground surveys. Close

• 8. [Article] Willamette Biological Opinion Hatchery Research 2008 Interim Activities Report

  Abstract -- Possible risks of artificial propagation programs have been well documented. Hazards include disease transfer, competition for food and spawning sites, increased predation, increased incidental ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Willamette Biological Opinion Hatchery Research 2008 Interim Activities Report Abstract -- Possible risks of artificial propagation programs have been well documented. Hazards include disease transfer, competition for food and spawning sites, increased predation, increased incidental mortality from harvest, loss of genetic variability, genetic drift, and domestication (Steward and Bjornn 1990; Hard et al. 1992; Cuenco et al. 1993; Busack and Currens 1995; and Waples 1999). Hatcheries can also play a positive role for wild salmonids by bolstering populations, especially those on the verge of extirpation, by providing a genetic reserve as well as providing opportunities for nutrient enrichment of streams (Steward and Bjornn 1990; Cuenco et al. 1993). The objective of this project is to evaluate the potential effects of hatchery programs on naturally spawning populations of spring Chinook within the Upper Willamette River ESU. ODFW submits this report in fulfillment of Task Order NWPOD-08-FH-05 (per Task 3). This report covers activities of July 2008–May 2009 that were implemented by ODFW on behalf of the Corps to assist with meeting the requirements of the reasonable and prudent alternatives and measures prescribed in the Willamette Project Biological Opinion (BiOp) of July 2008 (NOAA 2008). Although a strategy to implement actions identified on the BiOp has not yet been completed, the Corps provided interim funding to continue certain monitoring activities and initiate long-term planning as detailed below: Task 1 (a–f). Monitor straying of hatchery fish on natural spawning grounds in the North Santiam, South Santiam, McKenzie, and Middle Fork Willamette rivers to determine the distribution, abundance and proportion of hatchery and natural-origin fish spawning by: (1) conducting spawning ground surveys downstream of projects and upstream of Detroit and Foster reservoirs; (2) conducting re-surveys to assess variability in redd counts among crews; (3) estimating pre-spawning mortality; (4) estimating the percentage of hatchery-origin spawners using otolith analysis; (5) monitoring fin-clipped and unclipped fish passing Leaburg and upper Bennett dams. Task 2 (a–c). Monitor fin-clipped and unclipped fish entering hatcheries and collection facilities (i.e., record number, origin, length, date of return); determine origin using otolith analysis; collect tissue samples for genetic analysis. Task 4. Work with Corps and/or contractors to develop coordinated monitoring plan for Corps-funded hatchery programs based on requirements in the 2008 BiOp. Title: Willamette Biological Opinion Hatchery Research 2008 Interim Activities Report Abstract -- Possible risks of artificial propagation programs have been well documented. Hazards include disease transfer, competition for food and spawning sites, increased predation, increased incidental mortality from harvest, loss of genetic variability, genetic drift, and domestication (Steward and Bjornn 1990; Hard et al. 1992; Cuenco et al. 1993; Busack and Currens 1995; and Waples 1999). Hatcheries can also play a positive role for wild salmonids by bolstering populations, especially those on the verge of extirpation, by providing a genetic reserve as well as providing opportunities for nutrient enrichment of streams (Steward and Bjornn 1990; Cuenco et al. 1993). The objective of this project is to evaluate the potential effects of hatchery programs on naturally spawning populations of spring Chinook within the Upper Willamette River ESU. ODFW submits this report in fulfillment of Task Order NWPOD-08-FH-05 (per Task 3). This report covers activities of July 2008–May 2009 that were implemented by ODFW on behalf of the Corps to assist with meeting the requirements of the reasonable and prudent alternatives and measures prescribed in the Willamette Project Biological Opinion (BiOp) of July 2008 (NOAA 2008). Although a strategy to implement actions identified on the BiOp has not yet been completed, the Corps provided interim funding to continue certain monitoring activities and initiate long-term planning as detailed below: Task 1 (a–f). Monitor straying of hatchery fish on natural spawning grounds in the North Santiam, South Santiam, McKenzie, and Middle Fork Willamette rivers to determine the distribution, abundance and proportion of hatchery and natural-origin fish spawning by: (1) conducting spawning ground surveys downstream of projects and upstream of Detroit and Foster reservoirs; (2) conducting re-surveys to assess variability in redd counts among crews; (3) estimating pre-spawning mortality; (4) estimating the percentage of hatchery-origin spawners using otolith analysis; (5) monitoring fin-clipped and unclipped fish passing Leaburg and upper Bennett dams. Task 2 (a–c). Monitor fin-clipped and unclipped fish entering hatcheries and collection facilities (i.e., record number, origin, length, date of return); determine origin using otolith analysis; collect tissue samples for genetic analysis. Task 4. Work with Corps and/or contractors to develop coordinated monitoring plan for Corps-funded hatchery programs based on requirements in the 2008 BiOp. Close

• 9. [Article] Willamette Biological Opinion Hatchery Research 2009 Annual Report

  Abstract -- This report fulfills a requirement under Task Order NWPPM-09-FH-05, covering activities of July 2009–May 2010 that were implemented by ODFW on behalf of the Corps to assist with meeting the ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Willamette Biological Opinion Hatchery Research 2009 Annual Report Abstract -- This report fulfills a requirement under Task Order NWPPM-09-FH-05, covering activities of July 2009–May 2010 that were implemented by ODFW on behalf of the Corps to assist with meeting the requirements of the reasonable and prudent alternatives (RPAs) and measures prescribed in the Willamette Project Biological Opinion (BiOp) of July 2008 (NOAA 2008). The Corps provided funding to continue ongoing monitoring activities and initiate long-term planning. Primary tasks by species included: Spring Chinook salmon Task 1.1: Determine abundance, distribution, and percent hatchery-origin fish on spawning grounds downstream of federal dams. Task 1.2: Monitor clipped & unclipped fish passing Leaburg and Upper Bennett dams. Task 2.1: Collection, spawn timing, and hatchery/wild composition for broodstock management. Task 2.2: Determine survival of outplanted fish (upstream of federal dams) and abundance of spawners. Title: Willamette Biological Opinion Hatchery Research 2009 Annual Report Abstract -- This report fulfills a requirement under Task Order NWPPM-09-FH-05, covering activities of July 2009–May 2010 that were implemented by ODFW on behalf of the Corps to assist with meeting the requirements of the reasonable and prudent alternatives (RPAs) and measures prescribed in the Willamette Project Biological Opinion (BiOp) of July 2008 (NOAA 2008). The Corps provided funding to continue ongoing monitoring activities and initiate long-term planning. Primary tasks by species included: Spring Chinook salmon Task 1.1: Determine abundance, distribution, and percent hatchery-origin fish on spawning grounds downstream of federal dams. Task 1.2: Monitor clipped & unclipped fish passing Leaburg and Upper Bennett dams. Task 2.1: Collection, spawn timing, and hatchery/wild composition for broodstock management. Task 2.2: Determine survival of outplanted fish (upstream of federal dams) and abundance of spawners. Close

• 10. [Article] Willamette Biological Opinion Hatchery Research 2010 Annual Report

  Abstract -- Task 1.1: Distribution, Abundance, and Proportion of Hatchery and Natural-Origin Chinook Salmon: Counts of spring Chinook redds were similar in 2010 compared to the 2002–2009 averages for the ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Willamette Biological Opinion Hatchery Research 2010 Annual Report Abstract -- Task 1.1: Distribution, Abundance, and Proportion of Hatchery and Natural-Origin Chinook Salmon: Counts of spring Chinook redds were similar in 2010 compared to the 2002–2009 averages for the Middle Fork Willamette, McKenzie and the North Santiam rivers and significantly higher in the South Santiam River Preliminary analyses indicate that the proportions of hatchery fish recovered as carcasses from the spawning grounds varied significantly among all four surveyed sub-basins (South Santiam > M. Fork Willamette > North Santiam > McKenzie) Task 1.2: Monitor fin-clipped & unclipped fish passing Leaburg and Upper Bennett dams. Adult fish passage at Leaburg and Upper Bennett dams was continuously monitored in 2010. We estimated that 2,696 spring Chinook (52% unclipped) passed above Leaburg Dam and 5,956 passed above upper Bennett Dam (14% unclipped). Passage at Leaburg Dam of fin-clipped fish was strongly bimodal with peaks in June (coincident with passage of the majority of unclipped fish) and September (coincident with a smaller proportion of unclipped fish). This bimodal peak suggests that hatchery fish might be removed in September to reduce the proportion of hatchery origin spawners while simultaneously reducing the impacts of handling wild fish. Task 2.1: Collection, spawn timing, and Hatchery/Wild (H/W ) composition for broodstock management. Collection, spawn timing, and H/W composition for broodstock management were successfully monitored at all facilities in 2010. Task 2.2: Determine Survival of Outplanted Fish and Abundance of Spawners. Patterns of pre-spawning mortality were similar to results in 2009 with mortality below project dams significantly higher than that above project dams. We did not detect significant differences in mortality between clipped and unclipped spring Chinook. In comparisons of pre-spawning mortality among sub-basins above project dams, pre-spawning mortality was uniformly low in the Breitenbush and N. Santiam above Detroit, S. Santiam above Foster, and in the S. Fork McKenzie. Pre-spawning mortality was uniformly higher above project dams in the N. Fork Mid. Fork Willamette, Fall Creek and the Little N. Fork Santiam. No comprehensive surveys were conducted in the Middle Fork Willamette. Task 3.1: Determine the extent of summer steelhead reproduction in the wild: We developed a formal study plan to analyze and interpret genetic results from a collection of 299 tissue samples from unclipped juvenile steelhead at Willamette Falls, five from the mainstem Willamette River, and two from the South Santiam River in 2010 in addition to a single sample from an unclipped adult steelhead at the Minto fish collection facility. Samples were preserved 7 and cataloged and then shipped to the NOAA Fisheries Manchester, Washington (WA) laboratory for analysis. Task 3.2: Evaluate release strategies for summer steelhead to increase migration and reduce impacts on wild fish. Study plans to evaluate advantages and disadvantages of volitional release strategies were completed and presented in the 2009 annual report to USACE (Cannon et al. 2010). Funding to process the tissue samples was not available in 2010, and no progress was made in executing the proposed work. Title: Willamette Biological Opinion Hatchery Research 2010 Annual Report Abstract -- Task 1.1: Distribution, Abundance, and Proportion of Hatchery and Natural-Origin Chinook Salmon: Counts of spring Chinook redds were similar in 2010 compared to the 2002–2009 averages for the Middle Fork Willamette, McKenzie and the North Santiam rivers and significantly higher in the South Santiam River Preliminary analyses indicate that the proportions of hatchery fish recovered as carcasses from the spawning grounds varied significantly among all four surveyed sub-basins (South Santiam > M. Fork Willamette > North Santiam > McKenzie) Task 1.2: Monitor fin-clipped & unclipped fish passing Leaburg and Upper Bennett dams. Adult fish passage at Leaburg and Upper Bennett dams was continuously monitored in 2010. We estimated that 2,696 spring Chinook (52% unclipped) passed above Leaburg Dam and 5,956 passed above upper Bennett Dam (14% unclipped). Passage at Leaburg Dam of fin-clipped fish was strongly bimodal with peaks in June (coincident with passage of the majority of unclipped fish) and September (coincident with a smaller proportion of unclipped fish). This bimodal peak suggests that hatchery fish might be removed in September to reduce the proportion of hatchery origin spawners while simultaneously reducing the impacts of handling wild fish. Task 2.1: Collection, spawn timing, and Hatchery/Wild (H/W ) composition for broodstock management. Collection, spawn timing, and H/W composition for broodstock management were successfully monitored at all facilities in 2010. Task 2.2: Determine Survival of Outplanted Fish and Abundance of Spawners. Patterns of pre-spawning mortality were similar to results in 2009 with mortality below project dams significantly higher than that above project dams. We did not detect significant differences in mortality between clipped and unclipped spring Chinook. In comparisons of pre-spawning mortality among sub-basins above project dams, pre-spawning mortality was uniformly low in the Breitenbush and N. Santiam above Detroit, S. Santiam above Foster, and in the S. Fork McKenzie. Pre-spawning mortality was uniformly higher above project dams in the N. Fork Mid. Fork Willamette, Fall Creek and the Little N. Fork Santiam. No comprehensive surveys were conducted in the Middle Fork Willamette. Task 3.1: Determine the extent of summer steelhead reproduction in the wild: We developed a formal study plan to analyze and interpret genetic results from a collection of 299 tissue samples from unclipped juvenile steelhead at Willamette Falls, five from the mainstem Willamette River, and two from the South Santiam River in 2010 in addition to a single sample from an unclipped adult steelhead at the Minto fish collection facility. Samples were preserved 7 and cataloged and then shipped to the NOAA Fisheries Manchester, Washington (WA) laboratory for analysis. Task 3.2: Evaluate release strategies for summer steelhead to increase migration and reduce impacts on wild fish. Study plans to evaluate advantages and disadvantages of volitional release strategies were completed and presented in the 2009 annual report to USACE (Cannon et al. 2010). Funding to process the tissue samples was not available in 2010, and no progress was made in executing the proposed work. Close