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• 1. [Article] Comprehensive Plan for Production and Management of Oregon's Anadromous Salmon and Trout: Part I. General Considerations

  Abstract -- A comprehensive plan was prepared for managing Oregon's anadromous salmon and trout resources. The plan provides the basic framework for managing individual anadromous species, presenting an ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Comprehensive Plan for Production and Management of Oregon's Anadromous Salmon and Trout: Part I. General Considerations Abstract -- A comprehensive plan was prepared for managing Oregon's anadromous salmon and trout resources. The plan provides the basic framework for managing individual anadromous species, presenting an organized approach rather than an empirical approach to management problems. It also provides the primary focus for developing subsidiary management plans for individual subbasins. The management goals, status of the stocks, planning definitions, and administrative guidelines constraining the planning process are described or documented in developing the plan. The plan applies four fundamental concepts on wild fish, stocks, stock-recruitment relationships, and habitat requirements as underlying principles required for prudent management of anadromous fish resources. The concepts and their role in the planning effort are documented. Various economic goals and associated problems are described to attain efficient and equitable utilization of anadromous fish resources by harvesters and to satisfy the broader concerns of society in managing the stocks. Title: Comprehensive Plan for Production and Management of Oregon's Anadromous Salmon and Trout: Part I. General Considerations Abstract -- A comprehensive plan was prepared for managing Oregon's anadromous salmon and trout resources. The plan provides the basic framework for managing individual anadromous species, presenting an organized approach rather than an empirical approach to management problems. It also provides the primary focus for developing subsidiary management plans for individual subbasins. The management goals, status of the stocks, planning definitions, and administrative guidelines constraining the planning process are described or documented in developing the plan. The plan applies four fundamental concepts on wild fish, stocks, stock-recruitment relationships, and habitat requirements as underlying principles required for prudent management of anadromous fish resources. The concepts and their role in the planning effort are documented. Various economic goals and associated problems are described to attain efficient and equitable utilization of anadromous fish resources by harvesters and to satisfy the broader concerns of society in managing the stocks. Close

• 2. [Article] Lower Snake River Compensation Plan; Oregon Evaluation Studies; Steelhead Life History Characterization; Genetic Characterization; Kelt Reconditioning - Progress Report 2003

  Abstract -- Many salmonids exhibit partial migration: the phenomenon of populations partitioned into migratory and non-migratory individuals (Jonsson and Jonsson 1993). Oncorhynchus mykiss exhibit a complex ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Lower Snake River Compensation Plan; Oregon Evaluation Studies; Steelhead Life History Characterization; Genetic Characterization; Kelt Reconditioning - Progress Report 2003 Abstract -- Many salmonids exhibit partial migration: the phenomenon of populations partitioned into migratory and non-migratory individuals (Jonsson and Jonsson 1993). Oncorhynchus mykiss exhibit a complex of life-history strategies ranging from residency in small headwater streams to anadromy involving migrations of hundreds of kilometers. In the Grande Ronde River basin of Northeast Oregon, both resident and anadromous life-history forms coexist, and thus populations found there likely exhibit partial migration. Partial migration may have important consequences for “anadromous” species listed under the Endangered Species Act (ESA). The recent decline of summer steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss) stocks in the lower Snake River has prompted their listing under the ESA. Declines in steelhead are potentially due to elevated mortality rates associated with anadromous migrations. If resident and anadromous life-history characteristics result from a phenotypically plastic trait (i.e. a genetic trait that is highly variable due to influences from environmental factors), then elevated mortality associated with the anadromous type may be shifting the populations towards residency. Further, although the anadromous expression of the trait may be declining, the trait would not necessarily be lost. Identification of the plasticity of these traits would then be important for the management of these stocks. We investigated life history traits of O. mykiss with studies in both the hatchery and natural environment. We anticipated that these complimentary approaches would allow us to evaluate the relationship between the two life-history forms. They should further allow us to explore the feasibility of using hatcheries to produce anadromous progeny from resident parents if the number of anadromous life-history forms becomes severely depressed. Lower Snake River Compensation Plan (LSRCP) ODFW- Eastern Oregon Fish Research (EOFR) Title: Lower Snake River Compensation Plan; Oregon Evaluation Studies; Steelhead Life History Characterization; Genetic Characterization; Kelt Reconditioning - Progress Report 2003 Abstract -- Many salmonids exhibit partial migration: the phenomenon of populations partitioned into migratory and non-migratory individuals (Jonsson and Jonsson 1993). Oncorhynchus mykiss exhibit a complex of life-history strategies ranging from residency in small headwater streams to anadromy involving migrations of hundreds of kilometers. In the Grande Ronde River basin of Northeast Oregon, both resident and anadromous life-history forms coexist, and thus populations found there likely exhibit partial migration. Partial migration may have important consequences for “anadromous” species listed under the Endangered Species Act (ESA). The recent decline of summer steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss) stocks in the lower Snake River has prompted their listing under the ESA. Declines in steelhead are potentially due to elevated mortality rates associated with anadromous migrations. If resident and anadromous life-history characteristics result from a phenotypically plastic trait (i.e. a genetic trait that is highly variable due to influences from environmental factors), then elevated mortality associated with the anadromous type may be shifting the populations towards residency. Further, although the anadromous expression of the trait may be declining, the trait would not necessarily be lost. Identification of the plasticity of these traits would then be important for the management of these stocks. We investigated life history traits of O. mykiss with studies in both the hatchery and natural environment. We anticipated that these complimentary approaches would allow us to evaluate the relationship between the two life-history forms. They should further allow us to explore the feasibility of using hatcheries to produce anadromous progeny from resident parents if the number of anadromous life-history forms becomes severely depressed. Lower Snake River Compensation Plan (LSRCP) ODFW- Eastern Oregon Fish Research (EOFR) Close

• 3. [Article] Sandy River Basin Fish Management Plan 1997 Draft

  Abstract -- The Sandy River and its tributaries originate high on the west and south slopes of Mount Hood, flow approximately 55 miles in a northwesterly direction and enter the Columbia River near Troutdale ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Sandy River Basin Fish Management Plan 1997 Draft Abstract -- The Sandy River and its tributaries originate high on the west and south slopes of Mount Hood, flow approximately 55 miles in a northwesterly direction and enter the Columbia River near Troutdale (Columbia RM 120.5). The Sandy basin is situated in Multnomah and Clackamas counties (EPA reach 17080001), and drains approximately 508 square miles. The Sandy River basin is comprised of several subbasins, many of which are uniquely distinct hydrologically and geomorphologically. Principle tributaries include the Zigzag River, Still Creek, and the Salmon River in the upper basin and the Bull Run River, Gordon, Cedar, and Beaver creeks in the lower basin. Many other smaller tributaries located throughout the basin contribute significantly to stream flows and provide habitat for a wide array of fish and wildlife assemblages. The Sandy River is well known for its sport fishing. Winter steelhead, summer steelhead, and spring chinook are the most sought after species. Both winter and summer steelhead, coho, and spring chinook are supplemented with hatchery produced fish. Rainbow trout and fall chinook are no longer stocked in flowing waters of the Sandy River basin. In the late 1980's the Northwest Power Planning Council administered a planning process to create a management plan for the Columbia River basin. As a part of that process, a subbasin plan concerning management of steelhead and salmon was written for the Sandy River basin. This document, the draft "Sandy River Basin Fish Management Plan", significantly expands on the Northwest Power Planning Council document by adding resident fish species and new information on anadromous species and will ultimately produce the final plan used to guide fish resource management in the basin for the next 5 to 10 years. Title: Sandy River Basin Fish Management Plan 1997 Draft Abstract -- The Sandy River and its tributaries originate high on the west and south slopes of Mount Hood, flow approximately 55 miles in a northwesterly direction and enter the Columbia River near Troutdale (Columbia RM 120.5). The Sandy basin is situated in Multnomah and Clackamas counties (EPA reach 17080001), and drains approximately 508 square miles. The Sandy River basin is comprised of several subbasins, many of which are uniquely distinct hydrologically and geomorphologically. Principle tributaries include the Zigzag River, Still Creek, and the Salmon River in the upper basin and the Bull Run River, Gordon, Cedar, and Beaver creeks in the lower basin. Many other smaller tributaries located throughout the basin contribute significantly to stream flows and provide habitat for a wide array of fish and wildlife assemblages. The Sandy River is well known for its sport fishing. Winter steelhead, summer steelhead, and spring chinook are the most sought after species. Both winter and summer steelhead, coho, and spring chinook are supplemented with hatchery produced fish. Rainbow trout and fall chinook are no longer stocked in flowing waters of the Sandy River basin. In the late 1980's the Northwest Power Planning Council administered a planning process to create a management plan for the Columbia River basin. As a part of that process, a subbasin plan concerning management of steelhead and salmon was written for the Sandy River basin. This document, the draft "Sandy River Basin Fish Management Plan", significantly expands on the Northwest Power Planning Council document by adding resident fish species and new information on anadromous species and will ultimately produce the final plan used to guide fish resource management in the basin for the next 5 to 10 years. Close

• 4. [Article] Lower Deschutes River Subbasin Management Plan 1997

  Abstract -- This plan covers management of fish and their habitats in the lower Deschutes River subbasin. The lower Deschutes River subbasin as defined in this plan as the Deschutes River from the Pelton ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Lower Deschutes River Subbasin Management Plan 1997 Abstract -- This plan covers management of fish and their habitats in the lower Deschutes River subbasin. The lower Deschutes River subbasin as defined in this plan as the Deschutes River from the Pelton Reregulating Dam downstream to the Columbia River and all waters within that drainage area. This plan was developed in cooperation with the Confederated Tribes of the Warm Springs Reservation of Oregon (CTWS). The CTWS and the ODFW are co-managers of the fishery resources in the lower Deschutes River. Policy and objective statements contained in this plan are not applicable to waters on the CTWS reservation. Some policy and objective statements contained in this plan are in opposition to CTWS resource management strategies. The lower Deschutes River is classified as both state of Oregon and federal Wild and Scenic rivers. White River, a major tributary to the lower Deschutes, begins at White River Glacier on the southeast side of Mount Hood and flows 44 miles to its confluence with the Deschutes River. White River is classified as a federal Wild and Scenic river and has been nominated to be included in the state of Oregon wild and scenic river program. The lower Deschutes River is known nationally and internationally for its sport fishing. Resident trout, summer steelhead, spring chinook, and fall chinook are the most sought after species. The lower Deschutes River also supports important tribal fisheries for indigenous fishes. Both summer steelhead and spring chinook are supplemented with hatchery produced fish. Rainbow trout and fall chinook are not stocked in the mainstem lower Deschutes River. In the late l980's the Northwest Power Planning Council administered a planning process to create a management plan for the Columbia River basin. As a part of that process, a subbasin plan concerning management of steelhead and salmon was written for the lower Deschutes River. This document, the Lower Deschutes Subbasin Fish Management Plan, significantly expands on the Northwest Power Planning Council document by adding resident fish species and new information on anadromous species and will ultimately produce the final plan used to guide fish resource management in the sub basin for the next 5 to 10 years. Title: Lower Deschutes River Subbasin Management Plan 1997 Abstract -- This plan covers management of fish and their habitats in the lower Deschutes River subbasin. The lower Deschutes River subbasin as defined in this plan as the Deschutes River from the Pelton Reregulating Dam downstream to the Columbia River and all waters within that drainage area. This plan was developed in cooperation with the Confederated Tribes of the Warm Springs Reservation of Oregon (CTWS). The CTWS and the ODFW are co-managers of the fishery resources in the lower Deschutes River. Policy and objective statements contained in this plan are not applicable to waters on the CTWS reservation. Some policy and objective statements contained in this plan are in opposition to CTWS resource management strategies. The lower Deschutes River is classified as both state of Oregon and federal Wild and Scenic rivers. White River, a major tributary to the lower Deschutes, begins at White River Glacier on the southeast side of Mount Hood and flows 44 miles to its confluence with the Deschutes River. White River is classified as a federal Wild and Scenic river and has been nominated to be included in the state of Oregon wild and scenic river program. The lower Deschutes River is known nationally and internationally for its sport fishing. Resident trout, summer steelhead, spring chinook, and fall chinook are the most sought after species. The lower Deschutes River also supports important tribal fisheries for indigenous fishes. Both summer steelhead and spring chinook are supplemented with hatchery produced fish. Rainbow trout and fall chinook are not stocked in the mainstem lower Deschutes River. In the late l980's the Northwest Power Planning Council administered a planning process to create a management plan for the Columbia River basin. As a part of that process, a subbasin plan concerning management of steelhead and salmon was written for the lower Deschutes River. This document, the Lower Deschutes Subbasin Fish Management Plan, significantly expands on the Northwest Power Planning Council document by adding resident fish species and new information on anadromous species and will ultimately produce the final plan used to guide fish resource management in the sub basin for the next 5 to 10 years. Close

• 5. [Article] Performance of Progeny From Steelhead and Rainbow Trout Crosses - Final Report 2009

  Abstract -- Many salmonids exhibit partial migration: the phenomenon of populations partitioned into migratory and non-migratory individuals (Jonsson and Jonsson 1993). Oncorhynchus mykiss exhibit a complex ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Performance of Progeny From Steelhead and Rainbow Trout Crosses - Final Report 2009 Abstract -- Many salmonids exhibit partial migration: the phenomenon of populations partitioned into migratory and non-migratory individuals (Jonsson and Jonsson 1993). Oncorhynchus mykiss exhibit a complex of life-history strategies ranging from residency in small headwater streams to anadromy involving migrations of hundreds of kilometers. In the Grande Ronde River basin of northeast Oregon, both resident and anadromous life-history forms coexist, and thus populations found there likely exhibit partial migration. Partial migration may have important consequences for anadromous species listed under the Endangered Species Act (ESA). The recent decline of summer steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss) populations in the lower Snake River has prompted their listing under the ESA. Declines in steelhead are potentially due to elevated mortality rates associated with anadromous migrations. If resident and anadromous life-history characteristics result from a phenotypically plastic trait (i.e. a genetic trait that is highly variable due to influences from environmental factors), then elevated mortality associated with the anadromous type may be shifting the populations towards residency. Further, although the anadromous expression of the trait may be declining, the trait would not necessarily be lost. Identification of the plasticity of these traits would then be important for the management of these populations. We investigated life history traits of O. mykiss with studies in both the hatchery and natural environment. We anticipated that these complimentary approaches would allow us to evaluate the relationship between the two life-history forms. They should further allow us to explore the feasibility of using hatcheries to produce anadromous progeny from resident parents if the number of anadromous life-history forms becomes severely depressed. The overall goal of this study was to determine the plasticity of life history forms, specifically the ability of resident adults to produce anadromous progeny. Lower Snake River Compensation Plan (LSRCP) ODFW- Eastern Oregon Fish Research (EOFR) Title: Performance of Progeny From Steelhead and Rainbow Trout Crosses - Final Report 2009 Abstract -- Many salmonids exhibit partial migration: the phenomenon of populations partitioned into migratory and non-migratory individuals (Jonsson and Jonsson 1993). Oncorhynchus mykiss exhibit a complex of life-history strategies ranging from residency in small headwater streams to anadromy involving migrations of hundreds of kilometers. In the Grande Ronde River basin of northeast Oregon, both resident and anadromous life-history forms coexist, and thus populations found there likely exhibit partial migration. Partial migration may have important consequences for anadromous species listed under the Endangered Species Act (ESA). The recent decline of summer steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss) populations in the lower Snake River has prompted their listing under the ESA. Declines in steelhead are potentially due to elevated mortality rates associated with anadromous migrations. If resident and anadromous life-history characteristics result from a phenotypically plastic trait (i.e. a genetic trait that is highly variable due to influences from environmental factors), then elevated mortality associated with the anadromous type may be shifting the populations towards residency. Further, although the anadromous expression of the trait may be declining, the trait would not necessarily be lost. Identification of the plasticity of these traits would then be important for the management of these populations. We investigated life history traits of O. mykiss with studies in both the hatchery and natural environment. We anticipated that these complimentary approaches would allow us to evaluate the relationship between the two life-history forms. They should further allow us to explore the feasibility of using hatcheries to produce anadromous progeny from resident parents if the number of anadromous life-history forms becomes severely depressed. The overall goal of this study was to determine the plasticity of life history forms, specifically the ability of resident adults to produce anadromous progeny. Lower Snake River Compensation Plan (LSRCP) ODFW- Eastern Oregon Fish Research (EOFR) Close

• 6. [Article] Clear and Foster Creek Watershed Assessment

  Abstract -- A watershed assessment was completed in the Clear and Foster Creek watersheds to evaluate existing conditions and make recommendations to protect or enhance watershed natural resources. Clear ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Clear and Foster Creek Watershed Assessment Abstract -- A watershed assessment was completed in the Clear and Foster Creek watersheds to evaluate existing conditions and make recommendations to protect or enhance watershed natural resources. Clear and Foster Creek are tributaries to the Clackamas River below any major dams on the system; consequently these tributaries are positioned favorably to contribute to recovery of important anadromous fish populations. Anadromous fish species in the Clackamas basin include spring and fall chinook, coho salmon, winter steelhead, summer steelhead (non-native), migratory cutthroat trout and lamprey. Clear and Foster Creeks are utilized by fall chinook, winter steelhead and coho salmon. The assessment generally followed the framework described in the Oregon Watershed Enhancement Board’s Watershed Assessment Manual (WPN, 1999). The assessment focused on the following components: Channel habitat classification and modification; hydrology and water use; riparian/wetlands; sediment sources; water quality; fisheries; and wildlife and upland vegetation. Generally the approach builds on existing information, and enhances this information with aerial photo interpretation and limited field checking. Additional fieldwork was used to verify channel habitat types and to characterize fish habitat condition. GIS was used as a critical assessment tool and method of displaying results. Title: Clear and Foster Creek Watershed Assessment Abstract -- A watershed assessment was completed in the Clear and Foster Creek watersheds to evaluate existing conditions and make recommendations to protect or enhance watershed natural resources. Clear and Foster Creek are tributaries to the Clackamas River below any major dams on the system; consequently these tributaries are positioned favorably to contribute to recovery of important anadromous fish populations. Anadromous fish species in the Clackamas basin include spring and fall chinook, coho salmon, winter steelhead, summer steelhead (non-native), migratory cutthroat trout and lamprey. Clear and Foster Creeks are utilized by fall chinook, winter steelhead and coho salmon. The assessment generally followed the framework described in the Oregon Watershed Enhancement Board’s Watershed Assessment Manual (WPN, 1999). The assessment focused on the following components: Channel habitat classification and modification; hydrology and water use; riparian/wetlands; sediment sources; water quality; fisheries; and wildlife and upland vegetation. Generally the approach builds on existing information, and enhances this information with aerial photo interpretation and limited field checking. Additional fieldwork was used to verify channel habitat types and to characterize fish habitat condition. GIS was used as a critical assessment tool and method of displaying results. Close

• 7. [Article] Fish Use of the Estuary: 1999 Tillamook Bay Monitoring Report

  Abstract -- The study was conducted during the summer and autumn of 1998 and the spring and summer of 1999. The fish sampling done in 1998 was used to provide an estuary-wide overview of the fish species ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Fish Use of the Estuary: 1999 Tillamook Bay Monitoring Report Abstract -- The study was conducted during the summer and autumn of 1998 and the spring and summer of 1999. The fish sampling done in 1998 was used to provide an estuary-wide overview of the fish species composition and relative abundance during the mid-summer period and to test sampling gear and sampling strategies for development of a long-term monitoring program. The sampling conducted in 1999 built upon the information gained in 1998 and provided an initial test of a sampling design for long-term monitoring of the Bay's fish community. Sampling of the fish community in 1998 was conducted using beach seine, bottom trawl, fyke net and round-haul net. During 1999, initial testing of the proposed long-term monitoring program was conducted using beach seine, trawl and fyke nets. A total of 40 fish species were collected during this study whereas a total of 59 species were captured during ODFW's surveys during the mid- 1970s. Of the 40 species captured in this study, all but four were present in the mid- 1970s. Eight of the ten most abundant species present in the mid-1970s were among the ten most abundant species captured in this study. All but one of the abundant species in the beach seine catch were found throughout the estuary. All five species of anadromous salmonids known to occur in the Tillamook Bay watershed were collected during this study. However, only juvenile chum and chinook salmon were caught in any abundance. The most abundant non-salmonid species in the estuary were euryhaline marine species. Title: Fish Use of the Estuary: 1999 Tillamook Bay Monitoring Report Abstract -- The study was conducted during the summer and autumn of 1998 and the spring and summer of 1999. The fish sampling done in 1998 was used to provide an estuary-wide overview of the fish species composition and relative abundance during the mid-summer period and to test sampling gear and sampling strategies for development of a long-term monitoring program. The sampling conducted in 1999 built upon the information gained in 1998 and provided an initial test of a sampling design for long-term monitoring of the Bay's fish community. Sampling of the fish community in 1998 was conducted using beach seine, bottom trawl, fyke net and round-haul net. During 1999, initial testing of the proposed long-term monitoring program was conducted using beach seine, trawl and fyke nets. A total of 40 fish species were collected during this study whereas a total of 59 species were captured during ODFW's surveys during the mid- 1970s. Of the 40 species captured in this study, all but four were present in the mid- 1970s. Eight of the ten most abundant species present in the mid-1970s were among the ten most abundant species captured in this study. All but one of the abundant species in the beach seine catch were found throughout the estuary. All five species of anadromous salmonids known to occur in the Tillamook Bay watershed were collected during this study. However, only juvenile chum and chinook salmon were caught in any abundance. The most abundant non-salmonid species in the estuary were euryhaline marine species. Close

• 8. [Article] Indian Creek Aquatic Restoration (OWEB #205-144)

  Abstract -- Like many streams in this area, these creeks have experienced considerable habitat degradation due to past land management practices that removed large wood from the channels. Without the large ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Indian Creek Aquatic Restoration (OWEB #205-144) Abstract -- Like many streams in this area, these creeks have experienced considerable habitat degradation due to past land management practices that removed large wood from the channels. Without the large wood, spawning gravels have washed away leaving a mostly bedrock substrate. The down-cut stream is no longer connected to its former floodplain and fish have little refuge during high flows. Additionally, aquatic insect life, the basic food source for young salmonids, is limited without the diverse habitats formed by complexes of wood and gravel. Goals associated with this restoration proposal include: • Address limitation to anadromous fish production in Indian Creek tributaries o Enhance spawning, rearing, and overwintering habitat for anadromous and resident fish species o Restore storage capacity (water, substrates, and detritus) of the selected streams to levels more closely expected with unaltered systems in the Coast Range. • Establish a connection between past small scale restoration efforts • Maintain a network of organizations, stakeholders, and individuals who will participate in watershed restoration efforts. Widened channel floodplain from newly derived gravel, side channel formation / channel alteration (with more sinuosity), and additional scour pools were observed throughout the structure sites we monitored since the project implementation from high water events. Especially, the amount of gravel that was delivered to the project reaches and the degree to which they were sorted in large concentration directly adjacent to the helicopter structures was far more prominent than what we have observed in previous years from other helicopter projects. Title: Indian Creek Aquatic Restoration (OWEB #205-144) Abstract -- Like many streams in this area, these creeks have experienced considerable habitat degradation due to past land management practices that removed large wood from the channels. Without the large wood, spawning gravels have washed away leaving a mostly bedrock substrate. The down-cut stream is no longer connected to its former floodplain and fish have little refuge during high flows. Additionally, aquatic insect life, the basic food source for young salmonids, is limited without the diverse habitats formed by complexes of wood and gravel. Goals associated with this restoration proposal include: • Address limitation to anadromous fish production in Indian Creek tributaries o Enhance spawning, rearing, and overwintering habitat for anadromous and resident fish species o Restore storage capacity (water, substrates, and detritus) of the selected streams to levels more closely expected with unaltered systems in the Coast Range. • Establish a connection between past small scale restoration efforts • Maintain a network of organizations, stakeholders, and individuals who will participate in watershed restoration efforts. Widened channel floodplain from newly derived gravel, side channel formation / channel alteration (with more sinuosity), and additional scour pools were observed throughout the structure sites we monitored since the project implementation from high water events. Especially, the amount of gravel that was delivered to the project reaches and the degree to which they were sorted in large concentration directly adjacent to the helicopter structures was far more prominent than what we have observed in previous years from other helicopter projects. Close

• 9. [Article] OASIS - Status of Oregon Coastal Stocks of Anadromous Salmonids, 2000-2001 and 2001-2002

  Abstract -- This report provides an assessment of the status of adult anadromous salmonids inhabiting coastal basins of Oregon. Status is monitored through spawning surveys. Species or races monitored ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: OASIS - Status of Oregon Coastal Stocks of Anadromous Salmonids, 2000-2001 and 2001-2002 Abstract -- This report provides an assessment of the status of adult anadromous salmonids inhabiting coastal basins of Oregon. Status is monitored through spawning surveys. Species or races monitored through these surveys are fall chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha), coho salmon (O. kisutch), chum salmon (O. keta) and steelhead (O. mykiss). Assessments cover through the 2001 brood year for salmon and the 2002 brood year for steelhead. Status is generally assessed along two levels of geographic aggregation: Evolutionary Significant Units (ESUs) and Gene Conservation Areas (GCAs) or Monitoring Areas (MAs). ESUs were defined by the National Marine Fisheries Service in conducting reviews for protection under the federal Endangered Species Act. GCAs and MAs are usually subsets of ESUs and were defined by the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife either as part of the implementation of the Wild Fish Management Policy or as part of monitoring associated with implementation of the Oregon Plan for Salmon and Watersheds. Title: OASIS - Status of Oregon Coastal Stocks of Anadromous Salmonids, 2000-2001 and 2001-2002 Abstract -- This report provides an assessment of the status of adult anadromous salmonids inhabiting coastal basins of Oregon. Status is monitored through spawning surveys. Species or races monitored through these surveys are fall chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha), coho salmon (O. kisutch), chum salmon (O. keta) and steelhead (O. mykiss). Assessments cover through the 2001 brood year for salmon and the 2002 brood year for steelhead. Status is generally assessed along two levels of geographic aggregation: Evolutionary Significant Units (ESUs) and Gene Conservation Areas (GCAs) or Monitoring Areas (MAs). ESUs were defined by the National Marine Fisheries Service in conducting reviews for protection under the federal Endangered Species Act. GCAs and MAs are usually subsets of ESUs and were defined by the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife either as part of the implementation of the Wild Fish Management Policy or as part of monitoring associated with implementation of the Oregon Plan for Salmon and Watersheds. Close

• 10. [Article] 2012 Metolius Basin bull trout redd counts

  Abstract -- Bull trout are indigenous to the Metolius River basin; however, they were managed as a nuisance species due to their interactions with anadromous sportfish for several decades. In 1960, nuisance ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: 2012 Metolius Basin bull trout redd counts Abstract -- Bull trout are indigenous to the Metolius River basin; however, they were managed as a nuisance species due to their interactions with anadromous sportfish for several decades. In 1960, nuisance management of bull trout ended and protection of bull trout began in 1983 with mandatory catch and release regulations throughout the Metolius River basin. In 1986, the Department initiated annual redd counts for bull trout throughout the basin to document the species status. Redd surveys showed low spawning numbers, and the Department responded by closing all tributaries downstream of Lake Creek to fishing in 1994. A Threatened listing of Columbia River bull trout under the Endangered Species Act in 1998 followed the fishery closure (Fies et al. 1996 and Lohr et al. ####). Bull trout redd counts continue in the basin in accordance with the goals of the Native Fish Conservation Policy. Title: 2012 Metolius Basin bull trout redd counts Abstract -- Bull trout are indigenous to the Metolius River basin; however, they were managed as a nuisance species due to their interactions with anadromous sportfish for several decades. In 1960, nuisance management of bull trout ended and protection of bull trout began in 1983 with mandatory catch and release regulations throughout the Metolius River basin. In 1986, the Department initiated annual redd counts for bull trout throughout the basin to document the species status. Redd surveys showed low spawning numbers, and the Department responded by closing all tributaries downstream of Lake Creek to fishing in 1994. A Threatened listing of Columbia River bull trout under the Endangered Species Act in 1998 followed the fishery closure (Fies et al. 1996 and Lohr et al. ####). Bull trout redd counts continue in the basin in accordance with the goals of the Native Fish Conservation Policy. Close

• 11. [Article] 2011 Metolius River subbasin bull trout redd counts

  Abstract -- Bull trout are indigenous to the Metolius River basin; however, they were managed as a nuisance species due to their interactions with anadromous sportfish for several decades. In 1960, nuisance ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: 2011 Metolius River subbasin bull trout redd counts Abstract -- Bull trout are indigenous to the Metolius River basin; however, they were managed as a nuisance species due to their interactions with anadromous sportfish for several decades. In 1960, nuisance management of bull trout ended and protection of bull trout began in 1983 with mandatory catch and release regulations throughout the Metolius River basin. In 1986, the Department initiated annual redd counts for bull trout throughout the basin to document the species status. Redd surveys showed low spawning numbers, and the Department responded by closing all tributaries downstream of Lake Creek to fishing in 1994. A Threatened listing of Columbia River bull trout under the Endangered Species Act in 1998 followed the fishery closure (Fies et al. 1996 and Lohr et al. ####). Bull trout redd counts continue in the basin in accordance with the goals of the Native Fish Conservation Policy. Title: 2011 Metolius River subbasin bull trout redd counts Abstract -- Bull trout are indigenous to the Metolius River basin; however, they were managed as a nuisance species due to their interactions with anadromous sportfish for several decades. In 1960, nuisance management of bull trout ended and protection of bull trout began in 1983 with mandatory catch and release regulations throughout the Metolius River basin. In 1986, the Department initiated annual redd counts for bull trout throughout the basin to document the species status. Redd surveys showed low spawning numbers, and the Department responded by closing all tributaries downstream of Lake Creek to fishing in 1994. A Threatened listing of Columbia River bull trout under the Endangered Species Act in 1998 followed the fishery closure (Fies et al. 1996 and Lohr et al. ####). Bull trout redd counts continue in the basin in accordance with the goals of the Native Fish Conservation Policy. Close

• 12. [Article] 2010 Metolius Basin bull trout redds

  Abstract -- Bull trout are indigenous to the Metolius River basin; however, they were managed as a nuisance species due to their interactions with anadromous sportfish for several decades. In 1960, nuisance ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: 2010 Metolius Basin bull trout redds Abstract -- Bull trout are indigenous to the Metolius River basin; however, they were managed as a nuisance species due to their interactions with anadromous sportfish for several decades. In 1960, nuisance management of bull trout ended and protection of bull trout began in 1983 with mandatory catch and release regulations throughout the Metolius River basin. In 1986, the Department initiated annual redd counts for bull trout throughout the basin to document the species status. Redd surveys showed low spawning numbers, and the Department responded by closing all tributaries downstream of Lake Creek to fishing in 1994. A Threatened listing of Columbia River bull trout under the Endangered Species Act in 1998 followed the fishery closure (Fies et al. 1996 and Lohr et al. ####). Bull trout redd counts continue in the basin in accordance with the goals of the Native Fish Conservation Policy. Title: 2010 Metolius Basin bull trout redds Abstract -- Bull trout are indigenous to the Metolius River basin; however, they were managed as a nuisance species due to their interactions with anadromous sportfish for several decades. In 1960, nuisance management of bull trout ended and protection of bull trout began in 1983 with mandatory catch and release regulations throughout the Metolius River basin. In 1986, the Department initiated annual redd counts for bull trout throughout the basin to document the species status. Redd surveys showed low spawning numbers, and the Department responded by closing all tributaries downstream of Lake Creek to fishing in 1994. A Threatened listing of Columbia River bull trout under the Endangered Species Act in 1998 followed the fishery closure (Fies et al. 1996 and Lohr et al. ####). Bull trout redd counts continue in the basin in accordance with the goals of the Native Fish Conservation Policy. Close

• 13. [Article] Abundance, distribution, and migratory behavior of coastal cutthroat trout in two lower Columbia River tributaries

  Abstract -- Coastal cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarki clarki) exhibit multiple life history types characterized by diverse migratory strategies, including anadromous, potomodromous, and freshwater resident ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Abundance, distribution, and migratory behavior of coastal cutthroat trout in two lower Columbia River tributaries Abstract -- Coastal cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarki clarki) exhibit multiple life history types characterized by diverse migratory strategies, including anadromous, potomodromous, and freshwater resident forms. The factors contributing to life history variation within populations are not well understood, but probably are not strictly genetic (e.g. Johnson et al, in review). Variation in migration tendency within cutthroat populations may result from phenotype plasticity, influenced by density, frequency, or condition dependent processes (Hendry et al. 2004). For example, an individual cutthroat’s choice to migrate at a given time or age may be a response to environmental conditions mediated by a genetically determined reaction norm (Hutchings 2004). This report summarizes a study undertaken to describe the expression of migratory behavior within coastal cutthroat trout populations, the relationship among migratory and non-migratory individuals, and the implications of life history diversity for management of cutthroat trout in tributaries of the lower Columbia River. The relationship between resident and migratory populations (or resident and migratory individuals within populations) is of central importance for management of coastal cutthroat trout. In the lower Columbia River and southwest Washington State a proposed rule to list anadromous cutthroat as threatened under the federal Endangered Species Act (ESA) was withdrawn after the US Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) decided during its review process to include resident and anadromous forms in the same Distinct Population Segment (DPS). Debate over proposed ESA listing highlighted a general lack of knowledge about coastal cutthroat trout life history, relationships between resident and migratory forms, and estuarine habitat use in the lower Columbia River. In 2009, the decision not to list the DPS as threatened was remanded to the USFWS on the grounds that the Service had not adequately considered whether marine and estuarine habitats formed a significant portion of the range of the DPS (USFWS 2009). We evaluated the distribution and abundance of coastal cutthroat trout in Big Creek and Bear Creek, two tributaries that join the Columbia River estuary from the south (Oregon) side roughly 30 kilometers from the ocean, and monitored the migratory behavior of cutthroat that emigrated from these streams and entered the Columbia River estuary. Big Creek is an interesting system because a fish weir and diversion dam at an ODFW hatchery, established in 1941 and refurbished in 1957, prevent cutthroat trout from passing upstream, isolating the cutthroat spawning population above the hatchery. Despite this barrier to upstream migration, offspring of resident cutthroat in the upper watershed continue to “smolt” and migrate downstream past the barrier. We were interested in the fate of these fish and their contribution to the adult population. Bear Creek, on the other hand, has always had full access for anadromous cutthroat through much of its drainage. These two systems permit a comparison of life history characteristics, migration, and survival of coastal cutthroat rearing in streams above and below migration barriers, and provide study sites in Oregon to compliment research by USFWS of coastal cutthroat migration behavior in tributaries entering the estuary from the north side of the Columbia River (USFWS 2008; and see Hudson et al. 2008; Johnson 2008; Zydlewski et al. 2008). A major objective of our work in Big Creek and Bear Creek was to increase understanding of coastal cutthroat trout biology and the relationship between resident and migratory cutthroat in lower Columbia tributaries. Additionally, we sought to document habitat use in the Columbia River estuary by migrant cutthroat. Our specific objectives were to: • Estimate abundance of coastal cutthroat trout in Big Creek (above hatchery barrier) and Bear Creek (above and below a large dam) • Quantify the proportions of the cutthroat populations that are migratory, identify which individuals migrate and describe the timing of migration • Describe habitats used by anadromous migrants and characterize migration behavior within the Columbia River estuary • Measure estuarine/marine survival of anadromous individuals and document return to natal streams Title: Abundance, distribution, and migratory behavior of coastal cutthroat trout in two lower Columbia River tributaries Abstract -- Coastal cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarki clarki) exhibit multiple life history types characterized by diverse migratory strategies, including anadromous, potomodromous, and freshwater resident forms. The factors contributing to life history variation within populations are not well understood, but probably are not strictly genetic (e.g. Johnson et al, in review). Variation in migration tendency within cutthroat populations may result from phenotype plasticity, influenced by density, frequency, or condition dependent processes (Hendry et al. 2004). For example, an individual cutthroat’s choice to migrate at a given time or age may be a response to environmental conditions mediated by a genetically determined reaction norm (Hutchings 2004). This report summarizes a study undertaken to describe the expression of migratory behavior within coastal cutthroat trout populations, the relationship among migratory and non-migratory individuals, and the implications of life history diversity for management of cutthroat trout in tributaries of the lower Columbia River. The relationship between resident and migratory populations (or resident and migratory individuals within populations) is of central importance for management of coastal cutthroat trout. In the lower Columbia River and southwest Washington State a proposed rule to list anadromous cutthroat as threatened under the federal Endangered Species Act (ESA) was withdrawn after the US Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) decided during its review process to include resident and anadromous forms in the same Distinct Population Segment (DPS). Debate over proposed ESA listing highlighted a general lack of knowledge about coastal cutthroat trout life history, relationships between resident and migratory forms, and estuarine habitat use in the lower Columbia River. In 2009, the decision not to list the DPS as threatened was remanded to the USFWS on the grounds that the Service had not adequately considered whether marine and estuarine habitats formed a significant portion of the range of the DPS (USFWS 2009). We evaluated the distribution and abundance of coastal cutthroat trout in Big Creek and Bear Creek, two tributaries that join the Columbia River estuary from the south (Oregon) side roughly 30 kilometers from the ocean, and monitored the migratory behavior of cutthroat that emigrated from these streams and entered the Columbia River estuary. Big Creek is an interesting system because a fish weir and diversion dam at an ODFW hatchery, established in 1941 and refurbished in 1957, prevent cutthroat trout from passing upstream, isolating the cutthroat spawning population above the hatchery. Despite this barrier to upstream migration, offspring of resident cutthroat in the upper watershed continue to “smolt” and migrate downstream past the barrier. We were interested in the fate of these fish and their contribution to the adult population. Bear Creek, on the other hand, has always had full access for anadromous cutthroat through much of its drainage. These two systems permit a comparison of life history characteristics, migration, and survival of coastal cutthroat rearing in streams above and below migration barriers, and provide study sites in Oregon to compliment research by USFWS of coastal cutthroat migration behavior in tributaries entering the estuary from the north side of the Columbia River (USFWS 2008; and see Hudson et al. 2008; Johnson 2008; Zydlewski et al. 2008). A major objective of our work in Big Creek and Bear Creek was to increase understanding of coastal cutthroat trout biology and the relationship between resident and migratory cutthroat in lower Columbia tributaries. Additionally, we sought to document habitat use in the Columbia River estuary by migrant cutthroat. Our specific objectives were to: • Estimate abundance of coastal cutthroat trout in Big Creek (above hatchery barrier) and Bear Creek (above and below a large dam) • Quantify the proportions of the cutthroat populations that are migratory, identify which individuals migrate and describe the timing of migration • Describe habitats used by anadromous migrants and characterize migration behavior within the Columbia River estuary • Measure estuarine/marine survival of anadromous individuals and document return to natal streams Close

• 14. [Article] Coastal Chinook Salmon Management Plan Summary Mailing, 1991

  Abstract -- The Coastal Chinook Salmon Management Plan is the fourth in a series of individual species plans concerning management of anadromous salmonid populations in Oregon. This plan focuses on actions ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Coastal Chinook Salmon Management Plan Summary Mailing, 1991 Abstract -- The Coastal Chinook Salmon Management Plan is the fourth in a series of individual species plans concerning management of anadromous salmonid populations in Oregon. This plan focuses on actions the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife will take regarding chinook salmon populations produced in Oregon Coastal watersheds from the Necanicum River in the north to the Winchuck River at the Oregon-California border. Management of chinook salmon in the Columbia River Basin - which is guided by a cooperative agreement with Washington, the Columbia River Treaty Indian Tribes, and the Federal Government - is not included in this document. Title: Coastal Chinook Salmon Management Plan Summary Mailing, 1991 Abstract -- The Coastal Chinook Salmon Management Plan is the fourth in a series of individual species plans concerning management of anadromous salmonid populations in Oregon. This plan focuses on actions the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife will take regarding chinook salmon populations produced in Oregon Coastal watersheds from the Necanicum River in the north to the Winchuck River at the Oregon-California border. Management of chinook salmon in the Columbia River Basin - which is guided by a cooperative agreement with Washington, the Columbia River Treaty Indian Tribes, and the Federal Government - is not included in this document. Close

• 15. [Article] Fish Management Plan Neskowin Creek 1979

  Abstract -- Neskowin Creek is a small Pacific Ocean tributary containing 23 miles of production waters with no estuary. It produces resident and anadromous cutthroat trout, winter steelhead, and coho, ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Fish Management Plan Neskowin Creek 1979 Abstract -- Neskowin Creek is a small Pacific Ocean tributary containing 23 miles of production waters with no estuary. It produces resident and anadromous cutthroat trout, winter steelhead, and coho, fall chinook, and chum salmon. The stream was stocked with hatchery fish in the past but is being managed for wild fish now. It presently receives light angling pressure, but this will probably increase. There are no special angling restrictions. Maintenance of water quality, summertime streamflows, riparian vegetation, and prevention of stream channel alterations are key elements in protecting the capability of this stream to sustain natural production of all salmonids. In July 1979, the Oregon Fish and Wildlife Commission accepted the Department's recommendation to manage Neskowin Creek for wild fish of all species. Title: Fish Management Plan Neskowin Creek 1979 Abstract -- Neskowin Creek is a small Pacific Ocean tributary containing 23 miles of production waters with no estuary. It produces resident and anadromous cutthroat trout, winter steelhead, and coho, fall chinook, and chum salmon. The stream was stocked with hatchery fish in the past but is being managed for wild fish now. It presently receives light angling pressure, but this will probably increase. There are no special angling restrictions. Maintenance of water quality, summertime streamflows, riparian vegetation, and prevention of stream channel alterations are key elements in protecting the capability of this stream to sustain natural production of all salmonids. In July 1979, the Oregon Fish and Wildlife Commission accepted the Department's recommendation to manage Neskowin Creek for wild fish of all species. Close

• 16. [Article] Comprehensive Plan for Production and Management of Oregon's Anadromous Salmon and Trout: Coastal Chinook Salmon Plan

  Abstract -- This is the fourth in a series of individual species plans concerning management of anadromous salmonid populations in the state of Oregon. This plan focuses on the actions the agency will ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Comprehensive Plan for Production and Management of Oregon's Anadromous Salmon and Trout: Coastal Chinook Salmon Plan Abstract -- This is the fourth in a series of individual species plans concerning management of anadromous salmonid populations in the state of Oregon. This plan focuses on the actions the agency will take regarding chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha populations produced in Oregon Coastal watersheds from the Necanicum River in the north to the Winchuck River at the Oregon-California border. Management of chinook salmon in the Columbia River basin is shaped by a cooperative agreement with the state of Washington, the Columbia River Treaty Indian Tribes, and the Federal Government. This management plan for wild and hatchery coastal chinook salmon in coastal river basins is the product of an ongoing planning process. The process began with the preparation of a report that contains descriptions of the life histories and assessments of recent trends in the run strengths of chinook salmon stocks in Oregon coastal river basins (Nicholas and Hankin 1988). ODFW staff and public representatives developed a comprehensive list of issues of concern and actions needed to improve management of coastal chinook salmon. These actions were based in part on a review of historic and contemporary habitat, harvest, and enhancement management practices in Oregon and on a review of the fisheries scientific literature. Title: Comprehensive Plan for Production and Management of Oregon's Anadromous Salmon and Trout: Coastal Chinook Salmon Plan Abstract -- This is the fourth in a series of individual species plans concerning management of anadromous salmonid populations in the state of Oregon. This plan focuses on the actions the agency will take regarding chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha populations produced in Oregon Coastal watersheds from the Necanicum River in the north to the Winchuck River at the Oregon-California border. Management of chinook salmon in the Columbia River basin is shaped by a cooperative agreement with the state of Washington, the Columbia River Treaty Indian Tribes, and the Federal Government. This management plan for wild and hatchery coastal chinook salmon in coastal river basins is the product of an ongoing planning process. The process began with the preparation of a report that contains descriptions of the life histories and assessments of recent trends in the run strengths of chinook salmon stocks in Oregon coastal river basins (Nicholas and Hankin 1988). ODFW staff and public representatives developed a comprehensive list of issues of concern and actions needed to improve management of coastal chinook salmon. These actions were based in part on a review of historic and contemporary habitat, harvest, and enhancement management practices in Oregon and on a review of the fisheries scientific literature. Close

• 17. [Article] The Comprehensive Plan for Production and Management of Oregon's Anadromous Salmon and Trout Part IIll: The Steelhead Plan

  Abstract -- Management of Oregon's diverse steelhead resource is directed by federal court mandates (US vs. Oregon), co-management with the Treaty Tribes (Confederated Tribes of Warm Springs Reservation ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The Comprehensive Plan for Production and Management of Oregon's Anadromous Salmon and Trout Part IIll: The Steelhead Plan Abstract -- Management of Oregon's diverse steelhead resource is directed by federal court mandates (US vs. Oregon), co-management with the Treaty Tribes (Confederated Tribes of Warm Springs Reservation of Oregon, Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation, Nez Perce Tribe and Yakama Indian Nation), legislation, Oregon Fish and Wildlife Commission policy, agreements between ODFW and other agencies, and administrative direction from ODFW. The Steelhead Plan contains policies, goals, objectives, strategies and actions that guide the management of steelhead statewide. The plan recognizes the biological diversity among steelhead populations and the varying issues and challenges facing steelhead management throughout Oregon, and therefore allows basin plans to tailor management to fit specific circumstances. Title: The Comprehensive Plan for Production and Management of Oregon's Anadromous Salmon and Trout Part IIll: The Steelhead Plan Abstract -- Management of Oregon's diverse steelhead resource is directed by federal court mandates (US vs. Oregon), co-management with the Treaty Tribes (Confederated Tribes of Warm Springs Reservation of Oregon, Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation, Nez Perce Tribe and Yakama Indian Nation), legislation, Oregon Fish and Wildlife Commission policy, agreements between ODFW and other agencies, and administrative direction from ODFW. The Steelhead Plan contains policies, goals, objectives, strategies and actions that guide the management of steelhead statewide. The plan recognizes the biological diversity among steelhead populations and the varying issues and challenges facing steelhead management throughout Oregon, and therefore allows basin plans to tailor management to fit specific circumstances. Close

• 18. [Article] A Plan for Reintroduction of Anadromous Fish in the Upper Klamath Basin 2008

  Abstract -- The Oregon Fish and Wildlife Commission (OFWC) has adopted statewide species plans for Chinook and coho salmon, steelhead, trout, and warmwater gamefish. These plans guide the development of ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: A Plan for Reintroduction of Anadromous Fish in the Upper Klamath Basin 2008 Abstract -- The Oregon Fish and Wildlife Commission (OFWC) has adopted statewide species plans for Chinook and coho salmon, steelhead, trout, and warmwater gamefish. These plans guide the development of localized plans for species management units, and individual river basins. A fish management plan was adopted by the OFWC in 1997 for the Klamath River Basin. Basin fish management plans serve several functions. They present a logical, systematic approach to conserving our aquatic resources; establish management priorities, and direct attention to the most critical problems affecting our fisheries. In November 2002, the OFWC adopted the Native Fish Conservation Policy (NFCP) that calls for development of conservation plans for each species management unit to ensure conservation and recovery of native fishes in Oregon. Intent of the NFCP is to provide a basis for managing hatcheries, fisheries, habitat, predators, competitors, and pathogens in balance with sustainable production of naturally produced native fish. The policy has three areas of emphasis. The first is defensive, to ensure avoidance of serious depletion of native fish. The second is more proactive, to restore and maintain native fish at levels providing ecological and societal benefits. The third area of emphasis ensures that, consist with native fish conservation, opportunities for fisheries and other societal resource uses are not unnecessarily constrained. The NFCP acknowledges that basin fish management plans will provide fish management guidance until conservation plans can be completed. Title: A Plan for Reintroduction of Anadromous Fish in the Upper Klamath Basin 2008 Abstract -- The Oregon Fish and Wildlife Commission (OFWC) has adopted statewide species plans for Chinook and coho salmon, steelhead, trout, and warmwater gamefish. These plans guide the development of localized plans for species management units, and individual river basins. A fish management plan was adopted by the OFWC in 1997 for the Klamath River Basin. Basin fish management plans serve several functions. They present a logical, systematic approach to conserving our aquatic resources; establish management priorities, and direct attention to the most critical problems affecting our fisheries. In November 2002, the OFWC adopted the Native Fish Conservation Policy (NFCP) that calls for development of conservation plans for each species management unit to ensure conservation and recovery of native fishes in Oregon. Intent of the NFCP is to provide a basis for managing hatcheries, fisheries, habitat, predators, competitors, and pathogens in balance with sustainable production of naturally produced native fish. The policy has three areas of emphasis. The first is defensive, to ensure avoidance of serious depletion of native fish. The second is more proactive, to restore and maintain native fish at levels providing ecological and societal benefits. The third area of emphasis ensures that, consist with native fish conservation, opportunities for fisheries and other societal resource uses are not unnecessarily constrained. The NFCP acknowledges that basin fish management plans will provide fish management guidance until conservation plans can be completed. Close

• 19. [Article] Biology, Behavior, and Resources of Resident and Anadromous Fish in the Lower Willamette River Final Report of Research, 2000-2004

  Abstract -- This document is the final report of research for a project funded by the City of Portland (COP) and conducted by the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife (ODFW). The general objective was ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Biology, Behavior, and Resources of Resident and Anadromous Fish in the Lower Willamette River Final Report of Research, 2000-2004 Abstract -- This document is the final report of research for a project funded by the City of Portland (COP) and conducted by the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife (ODFW). The general objective was to evaluate aquatic habitat and biotic communities in the lower Willamette River, and provide guidance for protecting species of threatened and endangered salmonids. Our report includes five research papers that describe how we addressed project hypotheses and objectives, how we reached our conclusions, and why we made our recommendations. The papers are listed and numbered in the Table of Contents, and the numbers are used to reference each paper in the Summary. The Summary integrates the results, conclusions, and recommendations, and provides the best overall picture of the status of aquatic resources in the lower Willamette River. The recommendations presented here were developed by the principal investigators, and will not necessarily be adopted as policies or guidelines by the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. Title: Biology, Behavior, and Resources of Resident and Anadromous Fish in the Lower Willamette River Final Report of Research, 2000-2004 Abstract -- This document is the final report of research for a project funded by the City of Portland (COP) and conducted by the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife (ODFW). The general objective was to evaluate aquatic habitat and biotic communities in the lower Willamette River, and provide guidance for protecting species of threatened and endangered salmonids. Our report includes five research papers that describe how we addressed project hypotheses and objectives, how we reached our conclusions, and why we made our recommendations. The papers are listed and numbered in the Table of Contents, and the numbers are used to reference each paper in the Summary. The Summary integrates the results, conclusions, and recommendations, and provides the best overall picture of the status of aquatic resources in the lower Willamette River. The recommendations presented here were developed by the principal investigators, and will not necessarily be adopted as policies or guidelines by the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. Close

• 20. [Article] Fish Management Plan Elk Creek (Ecola Creek)

  Abstract -- Elk Creek (Ecola Creek) is a small Pacific Ocean tributary at Cannon Beach. It contains 17 miles of fish production stream, including 0.5 mile of tidal area, and produces resident and anadromous ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Fish Management Plan Elk Creek (Ecola Creek) Abstract -- Elk Creek (Ecola Creek) is a small Pacific Ocean tributary at Cannon Beach. It contains 17 miles of fish production stream, including 0.5 mile of tidal area, and produces resident and anadromous cutthroat, winter steelhead, and coho salmon. Steelhead and coho have never been stocked; hatchery yearling cutthroat were released prior to 1974. The forks are closed to salmon and steelhead fishing to protect spawning fish. Good basic information is available for Elk Creek because data on cutthroat trout and coho salmon populations have been collected as part of a Department study of streamflow requirements. Maintenance of water quality, summertime streamflows, riparian vegetation, and prevention of stream channel alterations are key elements in protecting the capability of this stream to sustain natural production of all salmonids. In July 1979, the Oregon Fish and Wildlife Commission accepted the Department's recommendation to continue to manage Elk Creek for wild fish of all species. Title: Fish Management Plan Elk Creek (Ecola Creek) Abstract -- Elk Creek (Ecola Creek) is a small Pacific Ocean tributary at Cannon Beach. It contains 17 miles of fish production stream, including 0.5 mile of tidal area, and produces resident and anadromous cutthroat, winter steelhead, and coho salmon. Steelhead and coho have never been stocked; hatchery yearling cutthroat were released prior to 1974. The forks are closed to salmon and steelhead fishing to protect spawning fish. Good basic information is available for Elk Creek because data on cutthroat trout and coho salmon populations have been collected as part of a Department study of streamflow requirements. Maintenance of water quality, summertime streamflows, riparian vegetation, and prevention of stream channel alterations are key elements in protecting the capability of this stream to sustain natural production of all salmonids. In July 1979, the Oregon Fish and Wildlife Commission accepted the Department's recommendation to continue to manage Elk Creek for wild fish of all species. Close

• 21. [Article] Management Plan of Hagg Reservoir 1986

  Abstract -- Hagg Reservoir is a Bureau of Reclamation (BOR) multi purpose reservoir on Scoggins Creek, Washington County, 6 miles southwest of Forest Grove. It was constructed in 1974 and filled the first ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Management Plan of Hagg Reservoir 1986 Abstract -- Hagg Reservoir is a Bureau of Reclamation (BOR) multi purpose reservoir on Scoggins Creek, Washington County, 6 miles southwest of Forest Grove. It was constructed in 1974 and filled the first time in 1975. The Department of Fish and Wildlife entered into an agreement with Washington County and BOR in 1973 to provide fishery management. One hatchery pond was constructed to rear trout; trout to compensate for those lost through the unscreened outlet, and paid for by Washington County. Anadromous fish trapping facilities were constructed below the dam, adjacent to the spillway. Washington County maintains public facilities around the reservoir and they are heavily used. Other major recreational activities, in addition to angling, are boating and swimming. BOR information from 1984 shows about 539,000 visitors. In November 1986, the Oregon Fish and Wildlife Commission accepted the Department's recommendation to manage Hagg Reservoir for hatchery trout and wild hatchery warmwater species. Title: Management Plan of Hagg Reservoir 1986 Abstract -- Hagg Reservoir is a Bureau of Reclamation (BOR) multi purpose reservoir on Scoggins Creek, Washington County, 6 miles southwest of Forest Grove. It was constructed in 1974 and filled the first time in 1975. The Department of Fish and Wildlife entered into an agreement with Washington County and BOR in 1973 to provide fishery management. One hatchery pond was constructed to rear trout; trout to compensate for those lost through the unscreened outlet, and paid for by Washington County. Anadromous fish trapping facilities were constructed below the dam, adjacent to the spillway. Washington County maintains public facilities around the reservoir and they are heavily used. Other major recreational activities, in addition to angling, are boating and swimming. BOR information from 1984 shows about 539,000 visitors. In November 1986, the Oregon Fish and Wildlife Commission accepted the Department's recommendation to manage Hagg Reservoir for hatchery trout and wild hatchery warmwater species. Close

• 22. [Article] Oregon's Trout Plan: A Plan for the Management of Oregon's Trout 1987

  Abstract -- The Statewide Trout Management Plan is part of the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife's (ODFW) planning program to provide a comprehensive, systematic, long-term approach to the management ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Oregon's Trout Plan: A Plan for the Management of Oregon's Trout 1987 Abstract -- The Statewide Trout Management Plan is part of the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife's (ODFW) planning program to provide a comprehensive, systematic, long-term approach to the management of Oregon's fish resources. The Plan contains specific goals, objectives, strategies, and guidelines for the statewide management of trout, which are based on state laws, as well as general goals and policies adopted by the Oregon Fish and Wildlife Commission, (hereafter referred to as the Commission). In turn, the Plan provides direction for basin, subbasin, and mini plans developed for individual rivers and water bodies. The relationship of the Statewide Trout Management Plan to other ODFW plans is further discussed in Appendix A. This Statewide Management Plan will direct future trout management and will be reviewed in 6 years. The plan contains brief descriptions of Oregon's trout waters, species, anglers, and economic consequences. The importance of habitat and the use of angling regulations are also discussed. The plan covers all species of native and introduced resident trout and Pacific salmon that are managed in the resident trout program (Atlantic salmon, kokanee, coho salmon, and Chinook salmon) and the anadromous form (searun) of cutthroat trout. Appendix B contains a complete list of fish treated as trout in the plan. Title: Oregon's Trout Plan: A Plan for the Management of Oregon's Trout 1987 Abstract -- The Statewide Trout Management Plan is part of the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife's (ODFW) planning program to provide a comprehensive, systematic, long-term approach to the management of Oregon's fish resources. The Plan contains specific goals, objectives, strategies, and guidelines for the statewide management of trout, which are based on state laws, as well as general goals and policies adopted by the Oregon Fish and Wildlife Commission, (hereafter referred to as the Commission). In turn, the Plan provides direction for basin, subbasin, and mini plans developed for individual rivers and water bodies. The relationship of the Statewide Trout Management Plan to other ODFW plans is further discussed in Appendix A. This Statewide Management Plan will direct future trout management and will be reviewed in 6 years. The plan contains brief descriptions of Oregon's trout waters, species, anglers, and economic consequences. The importance of habitat and the use of angling regulations are also discussed. The plan covers all species of native and introduced resident trout and Pacific salmon that are managed in the resident trout program (Atlantic salmon, kokanee, coho salmon, and Chinook salmon) and the anadromous form (searun) of cutthroat trout. Appendix B contains a complete list of fish treated as trout in the plan. Close

• 23. [Article] Trout in Running Waters 1994 - Draft

  Abstract -- This chapter covers management of resident trout species in the Rogue, Applegate, and Illinois rivers and all associated tributary streams (running waters) of the Rogue River basin. Resident ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Trout in Running Waters 1994 - Draft Abstract -- This chapter covers management of resident trout species in the Rogue, Applegate, and Illinois rivers and all associated tributary streams (running waters) of the Rogue River basin. Resident rainbow and resident, fluvial, and anadromous cutthroat trout are native to the Rogue River basin. Angling for trout in the Rogue River basin did not become popular until the 1930s. At this time, cutthroat and downstream migrating steelhead were abundant and easily caught from streams in settled areas of the Rogue basin. Mining roads provided easy access to the headwaters of the Applegate and Illinois rivers, Jumpoff Joe creek, and Grave creek where trout fishing was most popular. The California-Oregon Power Company developed roads that provided access to trout fishing waters in the Prospect area in 1912 and the upper Rogue River and its tributaries became accessible in 1927 when the Crater Lake Highway was completed. The Civil Conservation corps developed foot paths and roads into remote parts of the basin in the 1930s. Trout fishing in high pressure areas in the Rogue basin is maintained by stocking. A list of species and numbers of hatchery fish stocked in running waters of the Rogue River basin is presented in Appendix Table A-4. Title: Trout in Running Waters 1994 - Draft Abstract -- This chapter covers management of resident trout species in the Rogue, Applegate, and Illinois rivers and all associated tributary streams (running waters) of the Rogue River basin. Resident rainbow and resident, fluvial, and anadromous cutthroat trout are native to the Rogue River basin. Angling for trout in the Rogue River basin did not become popular until the 1930s. At this time, cutthroat and downstream migrating steelhead were abundant and easily caught from streams in settled areas of the Rogue basin. Mining roads provided easy access to the headwaters of the Applegate and Illinois rivers, Jumpoff Joe creek, and Grave creek where trout fishing was most popular. The California-Oregon Power Company developed roads that provided access to trout fishing waters in the Prospect area in 1912 and the upper Rogue River and its tributaries became accessible in 1927 when the Crater Lake Highway was completed. The Civil Conservation corps developed foot paths and roads into remote parts of the basin in the 1930s. Trout fishing in high pressure areas in the Rogue basin is maintained by stocking. A list of species and numbers of hatchery fish stocked in running waters of the Rogue River basin is presented in Appendix Table A-4. Close

• 24. [Article] Steelhead Escapement Monitoring in the Upper Grande Ronde River and Joseph Creek Basins - Annual Technical Report 2012

  Abstract -- Summer steelhead in the Grande Ronde River basin fall within the Snake River Distinct Population Segment (DPS) and are listed as threatened under the Endangered Species Act (62 FR 43937; August ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Steelhead Escapement Monitoring in the Upper Grande Ronde River and Joseph Creek Basins - Annual Technical Report 2012 Abstract -- Summer steelhead in the Grande Ronde River basin fall within the Snake River Distinct Population Segment (DPS) and are listed as threatened under the Endangered Species Act (62 FR 43937; August 18,1997). The Upper Grande Ronde River (UGRR) and Joseph Creek watersheds support two of the four Major Population Groups (MPG) in the Grande Ronde River basin. These populations are segregated based on topographic, genetic, and behavioral evidence of interactions. Historically, the Grande Ronde River was one of the more significant anadromous fish producing rivers in the Columbia River Basin. Despite recovery efforts, these populations remain depressed relative to historic levels. The goal of this project is to annually evaluate summer steelhead population abundance for the UGRR, and recently Joseph Creek, by conducting surveys of redds and spawning activity. These surveys provide the data needed to estimate adult steelhead escapement, improve our understanding of habitat utilization, and contribute to productivity and survival estimates for these populations. ODFW- Eastern Oregon Fish Research (EOFR) BPA contract IGC 51891 Title: Steelhead Escapement Monitoring in the Upper Grande Ronde River and Joseph Creek Basins - Annual Technical Report 2012 Abstract -- Summer steelhead in the Grande Ronde River basin fall within the Snake River Distinct Population Segment (DPS) and are listed as threatened under the Endangered Species Act (62 FR 43937; August 18,1997). The Upper Grande Ronde River (UGRR) and Joseph Creek watersheds support two of the four Major Population Groups (MPG) in the Grande Ronde River basin. These populations are segregated based on topographic, genetic, and behavioral evidence of interactions. Historically, the Grande Ronde River was one of the more significant anadromous fish producing rivers in the Columbia River Basin. Despite recovery efforts, these populations remain depressed relative to historic levels. The goal of this project is to annually evaluate summer steelhead population abundance for the UGRR, and recently Joseph Creek, by conducting surveys of redds and spawning activity. These surveys provide the data needed to estimate adult steelhead escapement, improve our understanding of habitat utilization, and contribute to productivity and survival estimates for these populations. ODFW- Eastern Oregon Fish Research (EOFR) BPA contract IGC 51891 Close

• 25. [Article] Steelhead Escapement Monitoring in the Upper Grande Ronde River and Joseph Creek Basins - Annual Technical Report 2013

  Abstract -- Summer steelhead in the Grande Ronde River basin fall within the Snake River Distinct Population Segment (DPS) and are listed as threatened under the Endangered Species Act (62 FR 43937; August ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Steelhead Escapement Monitoring in the Upper Grande Ronde River and Joseph Creek Basins - Annual Technical Report 2013 Abstract -- Summer steelhead in the Grande Ronde River basin fall within the Snake River Distinct Population Segment (DPS) and are listed as threatened under the Endangered Species Act (62 FR 43937; August 18, 1997). The Upper Grande Ronde River (UGRR) and Joseph Creek watersheds support two of the four Major Population Groups (MPG) in the Grande Ronde River basin. These populations are segregated based on topographic, genetic, and behavioral evidence of interactions. Historically, the Grande Ronde River was one of the more significant anadromous fish producing rivers in the Columbia River Basin. Despite recovery efforts, these populations remain depressed relative to historic levels. The goal of this project is to annually evaluate summer steelhead population abundance for the UGRR, and recently Joseph Creek, by conducting surveys of redds and spawning activity. These surveys provide the data needed to estimate adult steelhead escapement, improve our understanding of habitat utilization, and contribute to productivity and survival estimates for these populations. ODFW- Eastern Oregon Fish Research (EOFR) BPA Contract 60987 Title: Steelhead Escapement Monitoring in the Upper Grande Ronde River and Joseph Creek Basins - Annual Technical Report 2013 Abstract -- Summer steelhead in the Grande Ronde River basin fall within the Snake River Distinct Population Segment (DPS) and are listed as threatened under the Endangered Species Act (62 FR 43937; August 18, 1997). The Upper Grande Ronde River (UGRR) and Joseph Creek watersheds support two of the four Major Population Groups (MPG) in the Grande Ronde River basin. These populations are segregated based on topographic, genetic, and behavioral evidence of interactions. Historically, the Grande Ronde River was one of the more significant anadromous fish producing rivers in the Columbia River Basin. Despite recovery efforts, these populations remain depressed relative to historic levels. The goal of this project is to annually evaluate summer steelhead population abundance for the UGRR, and recently Joseph Creek, by conducting surveys of redds and spawning activity. These surveys provide the data needed to estimate adult steelhead escapement, improve our understanding of habitat utilization, and contribute to productivity and survival estimates for these populations. ODFW- Eastern Oregon Fish Research (EOFR) BPA Contract 60987 Close

• 26. [Article] Steelhead Escapement Monitoring in the Upper Grande Ronde River and Joseph Creek Basins - Annual Technical Report 2014

  Abstract -- Summer steelhead in the Grande Ronde River basin fall within the Snake River Distinct Population Segment (DPS) and are listed as threatened under the Endangered Species Act (62 FR 43937; August ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Steelhead Escapement Monitoring in the Upper Grande Ronde River and Joseph Creek Basins - Annual Technical Report 2014 Abstract -- Summer steelhead in the Grande Ronde River basin fall within the Snake River Distinct Population Segment (DPS) and are listed as threatened under the Endangered Species Act (62 FR 43937; August 18, 1997). The Upper Grande Ronde River (UGRR) and Joseph Creek basins support two of the four populations in the Grande Ronde Major Population Group (MPG). These populations are segregated based on topographic, genetic, and behavioral evidence of interactions. Historically, the Grande Ronde River was one of the more significant anadromous fish producing rivers in the Columbia River basin. Despite recovery efforts, these populations remain depressed relative to historic levels. The goal of this project is to annually evaluate summer steelhead population abundance for the UGRR, and recently Joseph Creek, by conducting surveys of redds and spawning activity. These surveys provide those data needed to estimate adult steelhead escapement, improve our understanding of habitat utilization, and contribute to productivity and survival estimates for these populations. ODFW- Eastern Oregon Fish Research (EOFR) BPA Contract 60987 Title: Steelhead Escapement Monitoring in the Upper Grande Ronde River and Joseph Creek Basins - Annual Technical Report 2014 Abstract -- Summer steelhead in the Grande Ronde River basin fall within the Snake River Distinct Population Segment (DPS) and are listed as threatened under the Endangered Species Act (62 FR 43937; August 18, 1997). The Upper Grande Ronde River (UGRR) and Joseph Creek basins support two of the four populations in the Grande Ronde Major Population Group (MPG). These populations are segregated based on topographic, genetic, and behavioral evidence of interactions. Historically, the Grande Ronde River was one of the more significant anadromous fish producing rivers in the Columbia River basin. Despite recovery efforts, these populations remain depressed relative to historic levels. The goal of this project is to annually evaluate summer steelhead population abundance for the UGRR, and recently Joseph Creek, by conducting surveys of redds and spawning activity. These surveys provide those data needed to estimate adult steelhead escapement, improve our understanding of habitat utilization, and contribute to productivity and survival estimates for these populations. ODFW- Eastern Oregon Fish Research (EOFR) BPA Contract 60987 Close

• 27. [Article] Steelhead Escapement Monitoring in the Upper Grande Ronde River and Joseph Creek Basins - Annual Technical Report 2015

  Abstract -- Summer steelhead in the Grande Ronde River basin fall within the Snake River Distinct Population Segment (DPS) and are listed as threatened under the Endangered Species Act (62 FR 43937; August ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Steelhead Escapement Monitoring in the Upper Grande Ronde River and Joseph Creek Basins - Annual Technical Report 2015 Abstract -- Summer steelhead in the Grande Ronde River basin fall within the Snake River Distinct Population Segment (DPS) and are listed as threatened under the Endangered Species Act (62 FR 43937; August 18, 1997). The Upper Grande Ronde River (UGRR) and Joseph Creek basins support two of the four populations in the Grande Ronde Major Population Group (MPG). These populations are segregated based on topographic, genetic, and behavioral evidence of interactions. Historically, the Grande Ronde River was one of the more significant anadromous fish producing rivers in the Columbia River basin. Despite recovery efforts, these populations remain depressed relative to historic levels. The goal of this project is to annually evaluate summer steelhead population abundance for the UGRR, and recently Joseph Creek, by conducting surveys of redds and spawning activity. These surveys provide those data needed to estimate adult steelhead escapement, improve our understanding of habitat utilization, and contribute to productivity and survival estimates for these populations. ODFW- Eastern Oregon Fish Research (EOFR) BPA Contract 60987 Title: Steelhead Escapement Monitoring in the Upper Grande Ronde River and Joseph Creek Basins - Annual Technical Report 2015 Abstract -- Summer steelhead in the Grande Ronde River basin fall within the Snake River Distinct Population Segment (DPS) and are listed as threatened under the Endangered Species Act (62 FR 43937; August 18, 1997). The Upper Grande Ronde River (UGRR) and Joseph Creek basins support two of the four populations in the Grande Ronde Major Population Group (MPG). These populations are segregated based on topographic, genetic, and behavioral evidence of interactions. Historically, the Grande Ronde River was one of the more significant anadromous fish producing rivers in the Columbia River basin. Despite recovery efforts, these populations remain depressed relative to historic levels. The goal of this project is to annually evaluate summer steelhead population abundance for the UGRR, and recently Joseph Creek, by conducting surveys of redds and spawning activity. These surveys provide those data needed to estimate adult steelhead escapement, improve our understanding of habitat utilization, and contribute to productivity and survival estimates for these populations. ODFW- Eastern Oregon Fish Research (EOFR) BPA Contract 60987 Close

• 28. [Article] Steelhead Escapement Monitoring in the Upper Grande Ronde River and Joseph Creek Basins - Annual Technical Report 2016

  Abstract -- Summer steelhead in the Grande Ronde River basin fall within the Snake River Distinct Population Segment (DPS) and are listed as threatened under the Endangered Species Act (62 FR 43937; August ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Steelhead Escapement Monitoring in the Upper Grande Ronde River and Joseph Creek Basins - Annual Technical Report 2016 Abstract -- Summer steelhead in the Grande Ronde River basin fall within the Snake River Distinct Population Segment (DPS) and are listed as threatened under the Endangered Species Act (62 FR 43937; August 18, 1997). The Upper Grande Ronde River (UGRR) and Joseph Creek basins support two of the four populations in the Grande Ronde Major Population Group (MPG). These populations are segregated based on topographic, genetic, and behavioral evidence of interactions. Historically, the Grande Ronde River was one of the more significant anadromous fish producing rivers in the Columbia River basin. Despite recovery efforts, these populations remain depressed relative to historic levels. The goal of this project is to annually evaluate summer steelhead population abundance for the UGRR, and recently Joseph Creek, by conducting surveys of redds and spawning activity. These surveys provide those data needed to estimate adult steelhead escapement, improve our understanding of habitat utilization, and contribute to productivity and survival estimates for these populations. ODFW- Eastern Oregon Fish Research (EOFR) BPA Contract 60987 Title: Steelhead Escapement Monitoring in the Upper Grande Ronde River and Joseph Creek Basins - Annual Technical Report 2016 Abstract -- Summer steelhead in the Grande Ronde River basin fall within the Snake River Distinct Population Segment (DPS) and are listed as threatened under the Endangered Species Act (62 FR 43937; August 18, 1997). The Upper Grande Ronde River (UGRR) and Joseph Creek basins support two of the four populations in the Grande Ronde Major Population Group (MPG). These populations are segregated based on topographic, genetic, and behavioral evidence of interactions. Historically, the Grande Ronde River was one of the more significant anadromous fish producing rivers in the Columbia River basin. Despite recovery efforts, these populations remain depressed relative to historic levels. The goal of this project is to annually evaluate summer steelhead population abundance for the UGRR, and recently Joseph Creek, by conducting surveys of redds and spawning activity. These surveys provide those data needed to estimate adult steelhead escapement, improve our understanding of habitat utilization, and contribute to productivity and survival estimates for these populations. ODFW- Eastern Oregon Fish Research (EOFR) BPA Contract 60987 Close

• 29. [Article] Steelhead Escapement Monitoring in the Upper Grande Ronde River and Joseph Creek Basins - Annual Technical Report 2017

  Abstract -- Summer steelhead in the Grande Ronde River basin fall within the Snake River Distinct Population Segment (DPS) and are listed as threatened under the Endangered Species Act (62 FR 43937; August ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Steelhead Escapement Monitoring in the Upper Grande Ronde River and Joseph Creek Basins - Annual Technical Report 2017 Abstract -- Summer steelhead in the Grande Ronde River basin fall within the Snake River Distinct Population Segment (DPS) and are listed as threatened under the Endangered Species Act (62 FR 43937; August 18, 1997). The Upper Grande Ronde River (UGRR) and Joseph Creek basins support two of the four populations in the Grande Ronde Major Population Group (MPG). These populations are segregated based on topographic, genetic, and behavioral evidence of interactions. Historically, the Grande Ronde River was one of the more significant anadromous fish producing rivers in the Columbia River basin. Despite recovery efforts, these populations remain depressed relative to historic levels. The goal of this project is to annually evaluate summer steelhead population abundance for the UGRR, and recently Joseph Creek, by conducting surveys of redds and spawning activity. These surveys provide those data needed to estimate adult steelhead escapement, improve our understanding of habitat utilization, and contribute to productivity and survival estimates for these populations. ODFW- Eastern Oregon Fish Research (EOFR) BPA Contract 60987 Title: Steelhead Escapement Monitoring in the Upper Grande Ronde River and Joseph Creek Basins - Annual Technical Report 2017 Abstract -- Summer steelhead in the Grande Ronde River basin fall within the Snake River Distinct Population Segment (DPS) and are listed as threatened under the Endangered Species Act (62 FR 43937; August 18, 1997). The Upper Grande Ronde River (UGRR) and Joseph Creek basins support two of the four populations in the Grande Ronde Major Population Group (MPG). These populations are segregated based on topographic, genetic, and behavioral evidence of interactions. Historically, the Grande Ronde River was one of the more significant anadromous fish producing rivers in the Columbia River basin. Despite recovery efforts, these populations remain depressed relative to historic levels. The goal of this project is to annually evaluate summer steelhead population abundance for the UGRR, and recently Joseph Creek, by conducting surveys of redds and spawning activity. These surveys provide those data needed to estimate adult steelhead escapement, improve our understanding of habitat utilization, and contribute to productivity and survival estimates for these populations. ODFW- Eastern Oregon Fish Research (EOFR) BPA Contract 60987 Close

• 30. [Article] Fish Management Plan Drift Creek 1976

  Abstract -- Drift Creek is being managed for wild fish. Good, basic information for management is available because data on cutthroat, steelhead, and coho salmon populations have been collected since 1959 ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Fish Management Plan Drift Creek 1976 Abstract -- Drift Creek is being managed for wild fish. Good, basic information for management is available because data on cutthroat, steelhead, and coho salmon populations have been collected since 1959 as part of the Alsea Watershed Study. Drift Creek enters Alsea Bay at RM 3. It contains approximately 58 miles of fish production water and produces fair populations of resident cutthroat and good numbers of anadromous cutthroat, winter steelhead, and coho and chinook salmon. Fish have not been regularly stocked in Drift Creek, but all four species are released into the Alsea. The main stem of Drift Creek above Bohannon Falls is closed to salmon and steelhead fishing to protect spawning fish. Maintenance of water quality, summertime streamflows, riparian vegetation, and prevention of stream channel alterations are key elements in protecting the capability of this stream to sustain natural production of all salmonids. In July 1979, the Oregon Fish and Wildlife Commission accepted the Department's recommendation to manage Drift Creek for wild trout and steelhead. ·It was also decided to continue managing salmon by relying on natural production until we develop a coast-wide salmon management plan. At that time, staff biologists will decide on a final recommendation to the Fish and Wildlife Commission regarding the need or desirability for releasing hatchery salmon in the system. Title: Fish Management Plan Drift Creek 1976 Abstract -- Drift Creek is being managed for wild fish. Good, basic information for management is available because data on cutthroat, steelhead, and coho salmon populations have been collected since 1959 as part of the Alsea Watershed Study. Drift Creek enters Alsea Bay at RM 3. It contains approximately 58 miles of fish production water and produces fair populations of resident cutthroat and good numbers of anadromous cutthroat, winter steelhead, and coho and chinook salmon. Fish have not been regularly stocked in Drift Creek, but all four species are released into the Alsea. The main stem of Drift Creek above Bohannon Falls is closed to salmon and steelhead fishing to protect spawning fish. Maintenance of water quality, summertime streamflows, riparian vegetation, and prevention of stream channel alterations are key elements in protecting the capability of this stream to sustain natural production of all salmonids. In July 1979, the Oregon Fish and Wildlife Commission accepted the Department's recommendation to manage Drift Creek for wild trout and steelhead. ·It was also decided to continue managing salmon by relying on natural production until we develop a coast-wide salmon management plan. At that time, staff biologists will decide on a final recommendation to the Fish and Wildlife Commission regarding the need or desirability for releasing hatchery salmon in the system. Close

• 31. [Article] Siuslaw River Basin Fish Management Plan 1997

  Abstract -- The Siuslaw River Basin is one in a series of similar watersheds in the Oregon coastal mountain range extending from the Nehalem to the Coquille. Rivers and streams in these watersheds generally ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Siuslaw River Basin Fish Management Plan 1997 Abstract -- The Siuslaw River Basin is one in a series of similar watersheds in the Oregon coastal mountain range extending from the Nehalem to the Coquille. Rivers and streams in these watersheds generally occur in a forest dominated landscape, have moderate gradients, and medium to large estuaries. There are few dams that substantially affect anadromous fish runs. Water withdrawals impact only a small portion of the total miles of stream habitat. Water quality and temperatures are suitable for salmonids for the entire year in most areas. Rainfall throughout the area is heavy, resulting in a high density of streams relative to watershed area. The Siuslaw River system alone has over one thousand contiguous miles of stream suitable for salmonids. Some of these stream reaches are highly productive, while others are severely degraded. Title: Siuslaw River Basin Fish Management Plan 1997 Abstract -- The Siuslaw River Basin is one in a series of similar watersheds in the Oregon coastal mountain range extending from the Nehalem to the Coquille. Rivers and streams in these watersheds generally occur in a forest dominated landscape, have moderate gradients, and medium to large estuaries. There are few dams that substantially affect anadromous fish runs. Water withdrawals impact only a small portion of the total miles of stream habitat. Water quality and temperatures are suitable for salmonids for the entire year in most areas. Rainfall throughout the area is heavy, resulting in a high density of streams relative to watershed area. The Siuslaw River system alone has over one thousand contiguous miles of stream suitable for salmonids. Some of these stream reaches are highly productive, while others are severely degraded. Close

• 32. [Article] Fish Management Plan Siuslaw River 1979

  Abstract -- The Siuslaw River is a large system entering the Pacific Ocean near Florence. The system contains about 950 miles of stream and produces resident and anadromous cutthroat trout,winter steelhead, ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Fish Management Plan Siuslaw River 1979 Abstract -- The Siuslaw River is a large system entering the Pacific Ocean near Florence. The system contains about 950 miles of stream and produces resident and anadromous cutthroat trout,winter steelhead, and coho and fall chinook salmon. Small numbers of spring chinook are found in the system and shad and striped bass are also present. Good numbers of wild fish of all species are produced in the Siuslaw and ODFW annually releases sea-run cutthroat and winter steelhead. Extensive fisheries have developed on this combination of wild and hatchery fish. There are no special angling regulations in effect at present other than an angling deadline on Lake Creek. Three private salmon hatcheries have received permits to release fish into the Siuslaw. Although these facilities have not yet obtained significant returns of adults, the potential exists for large numbers of hatchery adults to return to the system. In July 1979, the Oregon Fish and Wildlife Commission accepted the Department's recommendation to manage the Siuslaw River system, except for Triangle Lake and its tributaries, for wild and hatchery trout, steelhead, and salmon. Hatchery fish will be released in areas and at sizes and times to maximize their contribution to the sport fisheries in the system and to minimize their impact on the extensive wild fish populations present. Trout populations in Triangle Lake and its tributaries will be managed for wild fish. Title: Fish Management Plan Siuslaw River 1979 Abstract -- The Siuslaw River is a large system entering the Pacific Ocean near Florence. The system contains about 950 miles of stream and produces resident and anadromous cutthroat trout,winter steelhead, and coho and fall chinook salmon. Small numbers of spring chinook are found in the system and shad and striped bass are also present. Good numbers of wild fish of all species are produced in the Siuslaw and ODFW annually releases sea-run cutthroat and winter steelhead. Extensive fisheries have developed on this combination of wild and hatchery fish. There are no special angling regulations in effect at present other than an angling deadline on Lake Creek. Three private salmon hatcheries have received permits to release fish into the Siuslaw. Although these facilities have not yet obtained significant returns of adults, the potential exists for large numbers of hatchery adults to return to the system. In July 1979, the Oregon Fish and Wildlife Commission accepted the Department's recommendation to manage the Siuslaw River system, except for Triangle Lake and its tributaries, for wild and hatchery trout, steelhead, and salmon. Hatchery fish will be released in areas and at sizes and times to maximize their contribution to the sport fisheries in the system and to minimize their impact on the extensive wild fish populations present. Trout populations in Triangle Lake and its tributaries will be managed for wild fish. Close

• 33. [Article] Factors that Influence Evolutionary Significant Unit Boundaries and Status Assessment in a Highly Polymorphic Species, Oncorhynchus mykiss, in the Columbia Basin

  Abstract -- The species Oncorhynchus mykiss expresses a complex array of life histories across much of its range as well as considerable geographic variation. Several subspecies have been proposed (Behnke ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Factors that Influence Evolutionary Significant Unit Boundaries and Status Assessment in a Highly Polymorphic Species, Oncorhynchus mykiss, in the Columbia Basin Abstract -- The species Oncorhynchus mykiss expresses a complex array of life histories across much of its range as well as considerable geographic variation. Several subspecies have been proposed (Behnke 1992), although none of them are formally recognized. Two of the proposed subspecies in North America include both trout and steelhead life histories: O.m. irideus, or Coastal rainbow/steelhead, and O.m. gairdneri, or Inland redband/steelhead. A third subspecies that includes an anadromous life history occurs in Asia, while all other North American subspecies are entirely trout. In the Pacific Northwest, the boundary between the coastal and inland subspecies occurs in the Columbia Gorge, where the Columbia River cuts through the Cascade Mountain Range. The steelhead and trout life histories within these two subspecies are genetically more similar to each other than to fish with the same life history in the other subspecies, indicating that the different life histories within a geographic area share an evolutionary origin (Allendorf 1975). Recent molecular systematic surveys suggest that this proposed taxonomic model of North American 0. mykiss subspecies may be over simplified and inaccurate (Currens 1997, Busby et al. 1996, F. Utter, U. of Washington); however, it remains the available model until final revisions to the taxonomy are adopted. The NOAA Fisheries Service (NMFS) further divided 0. mykiss into multiple "Evolutionarily Significant Units" (ESUs)(Waples 1991, 56 FR 58612, Waples 1995) for listing consideration under the federal Endangered Species Act (ESA). The ESA considers "distinct" populations of taxonmnic species to be "species" eligible for legal protection (16 U.S.C. 1532[161). NMFS adopted the concept of ESUs to serve as distinct population segments in their ESA listing decisions, along with specific criteria for defining them. Evidence for whether or not rainbow trout and steelhead are in the same ESUs is presented in this report according to the criteria provided by NMFS policy (56 FR 58612). The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) likewise recognizes "Distinct Population Segments" (DPSs) that may be listed under ESA. The agencies share jurisdiction over 0. mykiss for ESA decisions, with NMFS overseeing the anadromous steelhead and USFWS overseeing the freshwater trout. NMFS has described ESUs for all Northwest steelhead, whether they have been listed or not (Busby et al. 1996); however, the USFWS has not generally described DPSs for Northwest 0. mykiss trout. During the original coast-wide status review of steelhead conducted in the 1990s, the NMFS Biological Review Team concluded that, in general, 0. mykiss trout are part of steelhead ESUs in cases where the two forms are sympatric and have an opportunity to interbreed (Busby et al. 1996). The review team was less conclusive about whether trout above artificial barriers were part of the ESUs. Trout that are sympatric with steelhead were also included in the ESUs by NMFS in the final listing determinations, but they were not listed. The steelhead in five of the ESUs in the Pacific Northwest were listed, including the Lower Columbia (63 FR 13347), Willamette, Mid-Columbia (64 FR 14517), Upper Columbia and Snake ESUs (62 FR 43937), all of which are in the Columbia Basin. As a result of two recent court cases NMFS is now reexamming the biological relationship between trout and steelhead populations in the ESUs where steelhead are listed and is reassessing the extinction risk of the whole ESUs from the perspective of both life histories. First, the Hogan decision in Oregon concluded that the Services may describe distinct population segments for ESA listing, but once ESUs or DPSs are described, the Services cannot list only part of one of one of them (Alsea Valley Alliance v. Evans [161 F.Supp. 2d 1154, D. Oreg. 2001]). So if NMFS finds trout to be part of an ESU along with steelhead, the Service cannot assess the extinction risk of only the steelhead in the ESU or list only the steelhead. Second, lawsuits in California about non­anadromous 0. mykiss upstream of man-made barriers (mostly impassible dams) made a similar argument, stating that such populations are related to the steelhead populations below the barriers and should be included in the ESUs and listed (EDC v. Evans, SACV- 00-1212-AHS (EEA), United States District Court, C.D. California). The purpose of this report is to provide more detailed information about trout and steelhead in the Columbia Basin listed ESUs. This report will address two major issues. The first section provides information that will be used to review whether trout and steelhead populations are biologically part the same ESUs, as defined by NMFS criteria. The second section provides information that will be used to review the extinction risks of entire ESUs if trout are considered along with steelhead. A similar, separate report is being prepared for California ESUs where steelhead are listed. Title: Factors that Influence Evolutionary Significant Unit Boundaries and Status Assessment in a Highly Polymorphic Species, Oncorhynchus mykiss, in the Columbia Basin Abstract -- The species Oncorhynchus mykiss expresses a complex array of life histories across much of its range as well as considerable geographic variation. Several subspecies have been proposed (Behnke 1992), although none of them are formally recognized. Two of the proposed subspecies in North America include both trout and steelhead life histories: O.m. irideus, or Coastal rainbow/steelhead, and O.m. gairdneri, or Inland redband/steelhead. A third subspecies that includes an anadromous life history occurs in Asia, while all other North American subspecies are entirely trout. In the Pacific Northwest, the boundary between the coastal and inland subspecies occurs in the Columbia Gorge, where the Columbia River cuts through the Cascade Mountain Range. The steelhead and trout life histories within these two subspecies are genetically more similar to each other than to fish with the same life history in the other subspecies, indicating that the different life histories within a geographic area share an evolutionary origin (Allendorf 1975). Recent molecular systematic surveys suggest that this proposed taxonomic model of North American 0. mykiss subspecies may be over simplified and inaccurate (Currens 1997, Busby et al. 1996, F. Utter, U. of Washington); however, it remains the available model until final revisions to the taxonomy are adopted. The NOAA Fisheries Service (NMFS) further divided 0. mykiss into multiple "Evolutionarily Significant Units" (ESUs)(Waples 1991, 56 FR 58612, Waples 1995) for listing consideration under the federal Endangered Species Act (ESA). The ESA considers "distinct" populations of taxonmnic species to be "species" eligible for legal protection (16 U.S.C. 1532[161). NMFS adopted the concept of ESUs to serve as distinct population segments in their ESA listing decisions, along with specific criteria for defining them. Evidence for whether or not rainbow trout and steelhead are in the same ESUs is presented in this report according to the criteria provided by NMFS policy (56 FR 58612). The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) likewise recognizes "Distinct Population Segments" (DPSs) that may be listed under ESA. The agencies share jurisdiction over 0. mykiss for ESA decisions, with NMFS overseeing the anadromous steelhead and USFWS overseeing the freshwater trout. NMFS has described ESUs for all Northwest steelhead, whether they have been listed or not (Busby et al. 1996); however, the USFWS has not generally described DPSs for Northwest 0. mykiss trout. During the original coast-wide status review of steelhead conducted in the 1990s, the NMFS Biological Review Team concluded that, in general, 0. mykiss trout are part of steelhead ESUs in cases where the two forms are sympatric and have an opportunity to interbreed (Busby et al. 1996). The review team was less conclusive about whether trout above artificial barriers were part of the ESUs. Trout that are sympatric with steelhead were also included in the ESUs by NMFS in the final listing determinations, but they were not listed. The steelhead in five of the ESUs in the Pacific Northwest were listed, including the Lower Columbia (63 FR 13347), Willamette, Mid-Columbia (64 FR 14517), Upper Columbia and Snake ESUs (62 FR 43937), all of which are in the Columbia Basin. As a result of two recent court cases NMFS is now reexamming the biological relationship between trout and steelhead populations in the ESUs where steelhead are listed and is reassessing the extinction risk of the whole ESUs from the perspective of both life histories. First, the Hogan decision in Oregon concluded that the Services may describe distinct population segments for ESA listing, but once ESUs or DPSs are described, the Services cannot list only part of one of one of them (Alsea Valley Alliance v. Evans [161 F.Supp. 2d 1154, D. Oreg. 2001]). So if NMFS finds trout to be part of an ESU along with steelhead, the Service cannot assess the extinction risk of only the steelhead in the ESU or list only the steelhead. Second, lawsuits in California about non­anadromous 0. mykiss upstream of man-made barriers (mostly impassible dams) made a similar argument, stating that such populations are related to the steelhead populations below the barriers and should be included in the ESUs and listed (EDC v. Evans, SACV- 00-1212-AHS (EEA), United States District Court, C.D. California). The purpose of this report is to provide more detailed information about trout and steelhead in the Columbia Basin listed ESUs. This report will address two major issues. The first section provides information that will be used to review whether trout and steelhead populations are biologically part the same ESUs, as defined by NMFS criteria. The second section provides information that will be used to review the extinction risks of entire ESUs if trout are considered along with steelhead. A similar, separate report is being prepared for California ESUs where steelhead are listed. Close

• 34. [Article] AI - Stream Habitat Conditions on Industrial Forest Lands in Coastal Oregon

  Abstract -- In the summer of 1998 and 1999, watersheds in western Oregon were randomly sampled for stream habitat conditions. Sites were selected using a random tessellation stratified design. Oregon Department ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: AI - Stream Habitat Conditions on Industrial Forest Lands in Coastal Oregon Abstract -- In the summer of 1998 and 1999, watersheds in western Oregon were randomly sampled for stream habitat conditions. Sites were selected using a random tessellation stratified design. Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife Aquatic Inventories methods were used to quantify indicators of sediment supply and quality, riparian forest connectivity and health, habitat structure, in-stream complexity, and presence of salmonid species. As part of the overall sampling 47 sites in 1998 and 70 sites in 1999 were sampled on industrial forest lands. Of these sites 13 were sampled both in 1998 and 1999, and 37 sites were sampled for fish presence/absence. Approximately 44% of the sites sampled for habitat were within the range of anadromous salmonids. Upstream catchment area and gradient were the two major factors driving the overall patterns of habitat variables. Secondarily, land ownership and geology were other factors correlated with the habitat variables analyzed. The private non-industrial land ownership type was characterized by slightly higher fine sediment levels, lower wood volumes and number of key wood pieces, lower densities of deep pools, and lower levels of stream shading. State and industrial forest lands show moderate wood levels in the stream channel, although they show low levels of conifers in riparian zones. The sedimentary geologic type was characterized by higher levels of fine sediments in riffle units. Twelve, high quality, unconstrained stream reaches occurred in the 1998 and 1999 habitat sample on Industrial forest lands. Conditions on industrial forest lands in 1998-1999 were compared to conditions in 1993-1994 to detect any potential change over the five-year period. Three different datasets were analyzed. No significant changes in aquatic habitat or riparian conditions were detected. Electrofishing surveys were conducted at 37 sites outside or the expected range of coho salmon to determine fish presence/absence. Salmonid species were present at 19 of the sites that were electrofished. Title: AI - Stream Habitat Conditions on Industrial Forest Lands in Coastal Oregon Abstract -- In the summer of 1998 and 1999, watersheds in western Oregon were randomly sampled for stream habitat conditions. Sites were selected using a random tessellation stratified design. Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife Aquatic Inventories methods were used to quantify indicators of sediment supply and quality, riparian forest connectivity and health, habitat structure, in-stream complexity, and presence of salmonid species. As part of the overall sampling 47 sites in 1998 and 70 sites in 1999 were sampled on industrial forest lands. Of these sites 13 were sampled both in 1998 and 1999, and 37 sites were sampled for fish presence/absence. Approximately 44% of the sites sampled for habitat were within the range of anadromous salmonids. Upstream catchment area and gradient were the two major factors driving the overall patterns of habitat variables. Secondarily, land ownership and geology were other factors correlated with the habitat variables analyzed. The private non-industrial land ownership type was characterized by slightly higher fine sediment levels, lower wood volumes and number of key wood pieces, lower densities of deep pools, and lower levels of stream shading. State and industrial forest lands show moderate wood levels in the stream channel, although they show low levels of conifers in riparian zones. The sedimentary geologic type was characterized by higher levels of fine sediments in riffle units. Twelve, high quality, unconstrained stream reaches occurred in the 1998 and 1999 habitat sample on Industrial forest lands. Conditions on industrial forest lands in 1998-1999 were compared to conditions in 1993-1994 to detect any potential change over the five-year period. Three different datasets were analyzed. No significant changes in aquatic habitat or riparian conditions were detected. Electrofishing surveys were conducted at 37 sites outside or the expected range of coho salmon to determine fish presence/absence. Salmonid species were present at 19 of the sites that were electrofished. Close

• 35. [Article] Yachats River Basin Fish Management Plan 1997

  Abstract -- The Yachats River Basin is one in a series of similar watersheds in the Oregon coastal mountain range extending from the Nehalem to the Coquille. Rivers and streams in these watersheds generally ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Yachats River Basin Fish Management Plan 1997 Abstract -- The Yachats River Basin is one in a series of similar watersheds in the Oregon coastal mountain range extending from the Nehalem to the Coquille. Rivers and streams in these watersheds generally occur in a forest dominated landscape, have moderate gradients, and medium to large estuaries. There are few dams that substantially affect anadromous fish runs. Water withdrawals impact only a small portion of the total miles of stream habitat. Water quality and temperatures are suitable for salmonids for the entire year in most areas. Rainfall throughout the area is heavy, resulting in a high density of streams relative to watershed area. The Yachats River system has about 69 contiguous miles of stream suitable for salmonids. Some of these stream reaches are highly productive. The Yachats River Basin has traditionally been managed for production of wild salmonids. Few hatchery fish have been released in the Yachats River Basin historically and none has been released in the past several decades. All salmonid species in the Yachats River Basin are at depressed levels with the exception of resident cutthroat trout. The depressed status of Yachats River Basin fish stocks has resulted from human induced factors including habitat degradation, excessive harvest, and hatchery influence (from adjacent streams) in combination with natural events such as droughts, floods and El Nino ocean conditions. As human induced factors are controlled and corrected, it is expected that fish abundance will increase substantially, but it is not possible to accurately forecast the shape recovery will take. In addition to the confounding effects of natural environmental variation, the recovery of individual fish species due to reduction in human impacts can only be loosely surmised. For this reason, this management plan will treat specific management targets for individual species as secondary to recovery of the entire basin and assemblage of fish species. Title: Yachats River Basin Fish Management Plan 1997 Abstract -- The Yachats River Basin is one in a series of similar watersheds in the Oregon coastal mountain range extending from the Nehalem to the Coquille. Rivers and streams in these watersheds generally occur in a forest dominated landscape, have moderate gradients, and medium to large estuaries. There are few dams that substantially affect anadromous fish runs. Water withdrawals impact only a small portion of the total miles of stream habitat. Water quality and temperatures are suitable for salmonids for the entire year in most areas. Rainfall throughout the area is heavy, resulting in a high density of streams relative to watershed area. The Yachats River system has about 69 contiguous miles of stream suitable for salmonids. Some of these stream reaches are highly productive. The Yachats River Basin has traditionally been managed for production of wild salmonids. Few hatchery fish have been released in the Yachats River Basin historically and none has been released in the past several decades. All salmonid species in the Yachats River Basin are at depressed levels with the exception of resident cutthroat trout. The depressed status of Yachats River Basin fish stocks has resulted from human induced factors including habitat degradation, excessive harvest, and hatchery influence (from adjacent streams) in combination with natural events such as droughts, floods and El Nino ocean conditions. As human induced factors are controlled and corrected, it is expected that fish abundance will increase substantially, but it is not possible to accurately forecast the shape recovery will take. In addition to the confounding effects of natural environmental variation, the recovery of individual fish species due to reduction in human impacts can only be loosely surmised. For this reason, this management plan will treat specific management targets for individual species as secondary to recovery of the entire basin and assemblage of fish species. Close

• 36. [Article] Escapement and Productivity of Summer Steelhead and Spring Chinook Salmon in the John Day River; Annual Report 2017

  Abstract -- The John Day River, located in northeastern Oregon, supports five wild populations of summer steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and three populations of wild spring chinook (Oncorhynchus tschawytscha) ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Escapement and Productivity of Summer Steelhead and Spring Chinook Salmon in the John Day River; Annual Report 2017 Abstract -- The John Day River, located in northeastern Oregon, supports five wild populations of summer steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and three populations of wild spring chinook (Oncorhynchus tschawytscha) with no hatchery supplementation. However, these populations remain depressed relative to historic levels. In 1999, the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) listed the Middle Columbia River summer steelhead Distinct Population Segment (DPS), which includes the John Day River Major Population Group (MPG), as threatened under the Endangered Species Act (ESA). Although numerous habitat protection and rehabilitation projects have been implemented within the John Day River basin to improve steelhead and other salmonid freshwater production and survival, it has been difficult to estimate the effectiveness of these projects without a systematic program in place to collect information on the status, trends, and distribution of spawning activity, juvenile salmonids, and aquatic habitat conditions within the basin. Prior to the inception of this project, population and environmental monitoring of steelhead in the basin consisted of a combination of index spawning surveys and periodic monitoring of some status and trend indicators. While index spawning data is useful for drawing inference about long-term trends in adult steelhead abundance, they are limited for determining the status of steelhead escapement or distribution at the population or MPG scale because survey sites are not randomly selected and are likely biased towards streams with higher fish abundance. A broader approach to the monitoring and evaluation of status and trends in anadromous and resident salmonid populations and their habitats was needed to provide data to effectively support restoration efforts and guide alternative future management actions in the basin. The Independent Scientific Review Panel (ISRP) recommended that the region move away from index surveys and embrace probabilistic sampling for most population and habitat monitoring. To meet the ISRP recommendation, the structure and methods employed by the Oregon Plan for Salmon and Watersheds Monitoring Program were extended to the John Day basin. This approach incorporates the sampling strategy of the United States Environmental Protection Agency’s (EPA) Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program (EMAP). This research effort employs a statistically based and spatially explicit sampling design to answer key monitoring questions, integrate on-going sampling efforts, and improve agency coordination. The current program seeks to integrate project objectives focused on summer steelhead spawning metrics, juvenile salmonid metrics, and aquatic habitat conditions. Title: Escapement and Productivity of Summer Steelhead and Spring Chinook Salmon in the John Day River; Annual Report 2017 Abstract -- The John Day River, located in northeastern Oregon, supports five wild populations of summer steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and three populations of wild spring chinook (Oncorhynchus tschawytscha) with no hatchery supplementation. However, these populations remain depressed relative to historic levels. In 1999, the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) listed the Middle Columbia River summer steelhead Distinct Population Segment (DPS), which includes the John Day River Major Population Group (MPG), as threatened under the Endangered Species Act (ESA). Although numerous habitat protection and rehabilitation projects have been implemented within the John Day River basin to improve steelhead and other salmonid freshwater production and survival, it has been difficult to estimate the effectiveness of these projects without a systematic program in place to collect information on the status, trends, and distribution of spawning activity, juvenile salmonids, and aquatic habitat conditions within the basin. Prior to the inception of this project, population and environmental monitoring of steelhead in the basin consisted of a combination of index spawning surveys and periodic monitoring of some status and trend indicators. While index spawning data is useful for drawing inference about long-term trends in adult steelhead abundance, they are limited for determining the status of steelhead escapement or distribution at the population or MPG scale because survey sites are not randomly selected and are likely biased towards streams with higher fish abundance. A broader approach to the monitoring and evaluation of status and trends in anadromous and resident salmonid populations and their habitats was needed to provide data to effectively support restoration efforts and guide alternative future management actions in the basin. The Independent Scientific Review Panel (ISRP) recommended that the region move away from index surveys and embrace probabilistic sampling for most population and habitat monitoring. To meet the ISRP recommendation, the structure and methods employed by the Oregon Plan for Salmon and Watersheds Monitoring Program were extended to the John Day basin. This approach incorporates the sampling strategy of the United States Environmental Protection Agency’s (EPA) Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program (EMAP). This research effort employs a statistically based and spatially explicit sampling design to answer key monitoring questions, integrate on-going sampling efforts, and improve agency coordination. The current program seeks to integrate project objectives focused on summer steelhead spawning metrics, juvenile salmonid metrics, and aquatic habitat conditions. Close

• 37. [Article] Oregon Anadromous Fish Habitat Distribution

  Abstract -- Oregon Fish Habitat Distribution. These data describe areas of suitable habitat believed to be used currently or historically by wild, natural, and/or hatchery fish populations. The term ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Oregon Anadromous Fish Habitat Distribution Abstract -- Oregon Fish Habitat Distribution. These data describe areas of suitable habitat believed to be used currently or historically by wild, natural, and/or hatchery fish populations. The term "currently" is defined as within the past five reproductive cycles. Historical habitat includes suitable habitat that fish no longer access and will not access in the foreseeable future without human intervention. This information is based on sampling, the best professional opinion of Oregon Dept. of Fish and Wildlife or other natural resources agency staff biologists or modeling (see the fhdBasis field). Due to natural variations in run size, water conditions, or other environmental factors, some habitats identified may not be used annually. These data now comply with the Oregon Fish Habitat Distribution Data Standard that was adopted by the Oregon Geographic Information Council in February 2011. The Standard document can be found at: http://gis.oregon.gov/DAS/EISPD/GEO/standards/docs/OregonFishHabitatDistributionDataStandardv2.pdf Historical habitat distribution data are now within the scope of the standard and are identified via the habitat use (fhdUseType) attribute. Historical habitats are only identified outside of currently accessible habitat and are not comprehensive. Key features of the Oregon Fish Habitat Distribution Data include: species, run, life history, habitat use, origin, production, the basis for each record, originator name, originator entity and reference. Habitat distribution data are now mapped at a 1:24,000 scale statewide and are based on the Pacific Northwest Framework Hydrography dataset. The data are made available as GIS files in both shapefile and ESRI geodatabase format. The data were developed over an extensive time period ranging from 1996 to 2014. Data were migrated to the NHD in 2014. Title: Oregon Anadromous Fish Habitat Distribution Abstract -- Oregon Fish Habitat Distribution. These data describe areas of suitable habitat believed to be used currently or historically by wild, natural, and/or hatchery fish populations. The term "currently" is defined as within the past five reproductive cycles. Historical habitat includes suitable habitat that fish no longer access and will not access in the foreseeable future without human intervention. This information is based on sampling, the best professional opinion of Oregon Dept. of Fish and Wildlife or other natural resources agency staff biologists or modeling (see the fhdBasis field). Due to natural variations in run size, water conditions, or other environmental factors, some habitats identified may not be used annually. These data now comply with the Oregon Fish Habitat Distribution Data Standard that was adopted by the Oregon Geographic Information Council in February 2011. The Standard document can be found at: http://gis.oregon.gov/DAS/EISPD/GEO/standards/docs/OregonFishHabitatDistributionDataStandardv2.pdf Historical habitat distribution data are now within the scope of the standard and are identified via the habitat use (fhdUseType) attribute. Historical habitats are only identified outside of currently accessible habitat and are not comprehensive. Key features of the Oregon Fish Habitat Distribution Data include: species, run, life history, habitat use, origin, production, the basis for each record, originator name, originator entity and reference. Habitat distribution data are now mapped at a 1:24,000 scale statewide and are based on the Pacific Northwest Framework Hydrography dataset. The data are made available as GIS files in both shapefile and ESRI geodatabase format. The data were developed over an extensive time period ranging from 1996 to 2014. Data were migrated to the NHD in 2014. Close

• 38. [Article] Oregon Fish Habitat Distribution - Redband Trout

  Abstract -- These data describe areas of suitable habitat believed to be used currently and historically by redband trout populations. Columbia River redband trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss gairdneri, a subspecies ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Oregon Fish Habitat Distribution - Redband Trout Abstract -- These data describe areas of suitable habitat believed to be used currently and historically by redband trout populations. Columbia River redband trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss gairdneri, a subspecies of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, is native to the Fraser and Columbia River drainages, east of the Cascade Mountains to barrier falls on the Pend Oreille, Spokane, Snake and Kootenai rivers (Allendorf et al. 1980; Behnke 1992). Northern Great Basin redband trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss newberrii, are found in the closed basins of south-central Oregon as well as the Upper Klamath Lake basin. While Upper Klamath Lake now drains to the ocean, redband trout in the basin had ancestors that came from interior connections to the Great Basin and not from connections to the ocean (Behnke 1992). Redband trout, for the purposes of habitat distribution mapping, are generally defined as stream-resident O. mykiss gairdneri; migration is confined within their natal stream or watershed while steelhead, or the anadromous life form of O.mykiss gairdneri, migrate from their natal stream to the ocean and back. It is recognized, that while redband and steelhead habitat distribution datasets are published separately, overlapping areas represent the same subspecies. The term "currently" is defined as within the past five reproductive cycles. This information is based on sampling, the best professional opinion of Oregon Dept. of Fish and Wildlife or other natural resources agency staff biologists or modeling (see the fhdBasis field). Due to natural variations in run size, water conditions, or other environmental factors, some habitats identified may not be used annually. These data now comply with the Oregon Fish Habitat Distribution Data Standard that was adopted by the Oregon Geographic Information Council in February 2011. The Standard document can be found at: http://gis.oregon.gov/DAS/EISPD/GEO/standards/docs/OregonFishHabitatDistributionDataStandardv2.pdf Key features of the Oregon Fish Habitat Distribution Data include: species, run, life history, habitat use, origin, production, the basis for each record, originator name, originator entity and reference. Habitat distribution data are mapped at a 1:24,000 scale statewide and are based on the Pacific Northwest Framework Hydrography dataset. The data are made available as GIS files in both shapefile and ESRI geodatabase format. The data were developed over an extensive time period ranging from 1996 to 2011. Title: Oregon Fish Habitat Distribution - Redband Trout Abstract -- These data describe areas of suitable habitat believed to be used currently and historically by redband trout populations. Columbia River redband trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss gairdneri, a subspecies of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, is native to the Fraser and Columbia River drainages, east of the Cascade Mountains to barrier falls on the Pend Oreille, Spokane, Snake and Kootenai rivers (Allendorf et al. 1980; Behnke 1992). Northern Great Basin redband trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss newberrii, are found in the closed basins of south-central Oregon as well as the Upper Klamath Lake basin. While Upper Klamath Lake now drains to the ocean, redband trout in the basin had ancestors that came from interior connections to the Great Basin and not from connections to the ocean (Behnke 1992). Redband trout, for the purposes of habitat distribution mapping, are generally defined as stream-resident O. mykiss gairdneri; migration is confined within their natal stream or watershed while steelhead, or the anadromous life form of O.mykiss gairdneri, migrate from their natal stream to the ocean and back. It is recognized, that while redband and steelhead habitat distribution datasets are published separately, overlapping areas represent the same subspecies. The term "currently" is defined as within the past five reproductive cycles. This information is based on sampling, the best professional opinion of Oregon Dept. of Fish and Wildlife or other natural resources agency staff biologists or modeling (see the fhdBasis field). Due to natural variations in run size, water conditions, or other environmental factors, some habitats identified may not be used annually. These data now comply with the Oregon Fish Habitat Distribution Data Standard that was adopted by the Oregon Geographic Information Council in February 2011. The Standard document can be found at: http://gis.oregon.gov/DAS/EISPD/GEO/standards/docs/OregonFishHabitatDistributionDataStandardv2.pdf Key features of the Oregon Fish Habitat Distribution Data include: species, run, life history, habitat use, origin, production, the basis for each record, originator name, originator entity and reference. Habitat distribution data are mapped at a 1:24,000 scale statewide and are based on the Pacific Northwest Framework Hydrography dataset. The data are made available as GIS files in both shapefile and ESRI geodatabase format. The data were developed over an extensive time period ranging from 1996 to 2011. Close

• 39. [Article] Oregon Fish Habitat Distribution - Pacific Lamprey

  Abstract -- The Pacific lamprey has inhabited the rivers, streams and coastal waters of the west for 350 million years (BPA, 2005). These data describe areas of suitable habitat currently and historically ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Oregon Fish Habitat Distribution - Pacific Lamprey Abstract -- The Pacific lamprey has inhabited the rivers, streams and coastal waters of the west for 350 million years (BPA, 2005). These data describe areas of suitable habitat currently and historically used by Pacific lamprey populations. Pacific lamprey, Lampetra tridentata, (more recently identified as Entosphenus tridentatus), are native to the Pacific coast from Baja California to the Bering Sea. They are anadromous, migrating from their natal stream to the ocean and back, but unlike salmon, Pacific lamprey spend well over half of their total life cycle in freshwater. The Pacific lamprey was listed as an Oregon State sensitive species in 1993 and in 1996 was protected through restriction of harvest (ODFW 2006). These data now comply with the Oregon Fish Habitat Distribution Data Standard that was adopted by the Oregon Geographic Information Council in February 2011. The Standard document can be found at: http://gis.oregon.gov/DAS/EISPD/GEO/standards/docs/OregonFishHabitatDistributionDataStandardv2.pdf The term "currently" is defined as within the past five reproductive cycles. This information is based on sampling (see the fhdBasis field). Due to natural variations in run size, water conditions, or other environmental factors, some habitats identified may not be used annually.Habitat distribution data are mapped at a 1:24,000 scale statewide and are based on the Pacific Northwest Framework Hydrography dataset. The data are made available as GIS files in both shapefile and ESRI geodatabase format. The data were developed over an extensive time period ranging from 1990 to 2011. Data were migrated to the NHD in Spring of 2014. Title: Oregon Fish Habitat Distribution - Pacific Lamprey Abstract -- The Pacific lamprey has inhabited the rivers, streams and coastal waters of the west for 350 million years (BPA, 2005). These data describe areas of suitable habitat currently and historically used by Pacific lamprey populations. Pacific lamprey, Lampetra tridentata, (more recently identified as Entosphenus tridentatus), are native to the Pacific coast from Baja California to the Bering Sea. They are anadromous, migrating from their natal stream to the ocean and back, but unlike salmon, Pacific lamprey spend well over half of their total life cycle in freshwater. The Pacific lamprey was listed as an Oregon State sensitive species in 1993 and in 1996 was protected through restriction of harvest (ODFW 2006). These data now comply with the Oregon Fish Habitat Distribution Data Standard that was adopted by the Oregon Geographic Information Council in February 2011. The Standard document can be found at: http://gis.oregon.gov/DAS/EISPD/GEO/standards/docs/OregonFishHabitatDistributionDataStandardv2.pdf The term "currently" is defined as within the past five reproductive cycles. This information is based on sampling (see the fhdBasis field). Due to natural variations in run size, water conditions, or other environmental factors, some habitats identified may not be used annually.Habitat distribution data are mapped at a 1:24,000 scale statewide and are based on the Pacific Northwest Framework Hydrography dataset. The data are made available as GIS files in both shapefile and ESRI geodatabase format. The data were developed over an extensive time period ranging from 1990 to 2011. Data were migrated to the NHD in Spring of 2014. Close

• 40. [Article] Steelhead Escapement Monitoring In the Upper Grande Ronde River - Annual Technical Report 2011

  Abstract -- The UGRR basin supports a population of summer steelhead that has been segregated from three other populations in the entire Grande Ronde River basin based on topographic, genetic, observational, ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Steelhead Escapement Monitoring In the Upper Grande Ronde River - Annual Technical Report 2011 Abstract -- The UGRR basin supports a population of summer steelhead that has been segregated from three other populations in the entire Grande Ronde River basin based on topographic, genetic, observational, and other evidence of interactions. Historically, the Grande Ronde River was one of the more significant anadromous fish producing rivers in the Columbia River Basin. Summer steelhead in the Grande Ronde River basin compose part of the Snake River Distinct Population Segment (DPS) and are listed as threatened under the Endangered Species Act (62 FR 43937; August 18,1997). Despite recovery efforts, these populations remain depressed relative to historic levels. This project annually evaluates summer steelhead population abundance for the UGRR by conducting surveys of redds and spawning activity. These surveys provide the data needed to estimate adult steelhead escapement, improve our understanding of habitat utilization, and contribute to productivity and survival estimates for this population. Steelhead were monitored using a probabilistic sampling approach that incorporates a sample-site selection procedure created for the Environmental Protection Agency’s environmental monitoring and assessment program (EMAP). We used this EMAP design to select sample sites for status and trend monitoring of steelhead redds within the UGRR watershed. This method allowed us to sample spatially balanced survey sites distributed within the basin, and followed the Oregon Plan for Salmon and Watersheds Monitoring Program approach (Stevens 2002). ODFW- Eastern Oregon Fish Research (EOFR). BPA contract # IGC 51891 Title: Steelhead Escapement Monitoring In the Upper Grande Ronde River - Annual Technical Report 2011 Abstract -- The UGRR basin supports a population of summer steelhead that has been segregated from three other populations in the entire Grande Ronde River basin based on topographic, genetic, observational, and other evidence of interactions. Historically, the Grande Ronde River was one of the more significant anadromous fish producing rivers in the Columbia River Basin. Summer steelhead in the Grande Ronde River basin compose part of the Snake River Distinct Population Segment (DPS) and are listed as threatened under the Endangered Species Act (62 FR 43937; August 18,1997). Despite recovery efforts, these populations remain depressed relative to historic levels. This project annually evaluates summer steelhead population abundance for the UGRR by conducting surveys of redds and spawning activity. These surveys provide the data needed to estimate adult steelhead escapement, improve our understanding of habitat utilization, and contribute to productivity and survival estimates for this population. Steelhead were monitored using a probabilistic sampling approach that incorporates a sample-site selection procedure created for the Environmental Protection Agency’s environmental monitoring and assessment program (EMAP). We used this EMAP design to select sample sites for status and trend monitoring of steelhead redds within the UGRR watershed. This method allowed us to sample spatially balanced survey sites distributed within the basin, and followed the Oregon Plan for Salmon and Watersheds Monitoring Program approach (Stevens 2002). ODFW- Eastern Oregon Fish Research (EOFR). BPA contract # IGC 51891 Close

• 41. [Article] Willamette BiOp - Genetic Stock Identification and Relative Natural Production of Willamette River Steelhead

  Abstract -- We used genotypic data from 15 microsatellite loci to characterize the stock structure of Oncorhynchus mykiss in the upper Willamette River basin. We then used two analytical approaches, implemented ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Willamette BiOp - Genetic Stock Identification and Relative Natural Production of Willamette River Steelhead Abstract -- We used genotypic data from 15 microsatellite loci to characterize the stock structure of Oncorhynchus mykiss in the upper Willamette River basin. We then used two analytical approaches, implemented in the programs ONCOR and STRUCTURE, to assign (presumably) natural-origin, unmarked fish to their most likely reporting group or hybrid class. We investigated sibling relationships among unknown samples with the program ML RELATE. In the upper Willamette River, O. mykiss genetic structure can be characterized by four principal groups: summer steelhead of Skamania stock ancestry, eastern tributaries winter steelhead, western tributaries winter steelhead and resident rainbow trout. We found that about 10% of unmarked juvenile O. mykiss sampled at Willamette Falls in 2009-2011 were summer steelhead and that an additional 10% of samples were summer x winter steelhead hybrids. Most O. mykiss sampled from the McKenzie River were either summer steelhead or summer x winter steelhead hybrids. Natural production of pure summer steelhead appeared to be very low in the North and South Santiam rivers, though summer steelhead hybrids represented 11.1% and 14.8% of samples. Results from ML RELATE analyses appeared unreliable and inconclusive, and may have been limited by low genetic diversity among summer steelhead samples. We provide several recommendations to better understand and reduce potentially negative interactions between hatchery summer steelhead and native upper Willamette River O. mykiss populations. These include reductions in adult steelhead on natural spawning grounds, improved reproductive isolation between hatchery and native populations and additional research to evaluate genetic integrity within and among O. mykiss populations. Title: Willamette BiOp - Genetic Stock Identification and Relative Natural Production of Willamette River Steelhead Abstract -- We used genotypic data from 15 microsatellite loci to characterize the stock structure of Oncorhynchus mykiss in the upper Willamette River basin. We then used two analytical approaches, implemented in the programs ONCOR and STRUCTURE, to assign (presumably) natural-origin, unmarked fish to their most likely reporting group or hybrid class. We investigated sibling relationships among unknown samples with the program ML RELATE. In the upper Willamette River, O. mykiss genetic structure can be characterized by four principal groups: summer steelhead of Skamania stock ancestry, eastern tributaries winter steelhead, western tributaries winter steelhead and resident rainbow trout. We found that about 10% of unmarked juvenile O. mykiss sampled at Willamette Falls in 2009-2011 were summer steelhead and that an additional 10% of samples were summer x winter steelhead hybrids. Most O. mykiss sampled from the McKenzie River were either summer steelhead or summer x winter steelhead hybrids. Natural production of pure summer steelhead appeared to be very low in the North and South Santiam rivers, though summer steelhead hybrids represented 11.1% and 14.8% of samples. Results from ML RELATE analyses appeared unreliable and inconclusive, and may have been limited by low genetic diversity among summer steelhead samples. We provide several recommendations to better understand and reduce potentially negative interactions between hatchery summer steelhead and native upper Willamette River O. mykiss populations. These include reductions in adult steelhead on natural spawning grounds, improved reproductive isolation between hatchery and native populations and additional research to evaluate genetic integrity within and among O. mykiss populations. Close

• 42. [Article] Lower Snake River Compensation Plan; Oregon Evaluation Studies - 1995 and 1996 Annual Progress Report

  Abstract -- This report summarizes fish culture monitoring data for Lower Snake River Compensation Plan (LSRCP) facilities for each species. These data should serve as the basis for the analysis of trends ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Lower Snake River Compensation Plan; Oregon Evaluation Studies - 1995 and 1996 Annual Progress Report Abstract -- This report summarizes fish culture monitoring data for Lower Snake River Compensation Plan (LSRCP) facilities for each species. These data should serve as the basis for the analysis of trends in culture performance. Generally speaking, the data in this report were derived from hatchery inventories and standard databases (i.e., PSMFC, Coded-wire tag) or through standard measuring techniques. As such, specific protocols are usually not described. In cases where expansions of data or unique methodologies were used, protocols are described in more detail. Additional descriptions of protocols can be found in the 1995 and 1996 work statements (Carmichael 1995, 1996). Coded-wire tag (CWT) data that were collected from 1995-1996 adult returns is used to evaluate smolt-to-adult survival rates in experimental rearing and release groups. In 1995-1996, experimental treatments from which fish returned included acclimated vs. direct stream for steelhead and size-at-release for both steelhead and Chinook. In 1995-1996, experimental treatments for which fish were released included size-at-release, exercise, acclimation, and low density treatments for Chinook, acclimated vs. direct stream for both steelhead and Chinook, and forced vs. volitional release for steelhead. Analysis of specific survival studies will be completed once all brood years have returned and CWT data are complete for a given experiment. In addition, much of the data that we discuss in this report will be used in separate and specific evaluations of ongoing supplementation programs for both steelhead and Chinook in the Imnaha River basin. Lower Snake River Compensation Plan (LSRCP) ODFW- Eastern Oregon Fish Research (EOFR) Title: Lower Snake River Compensation Plan; Oregon Evaluation Studies - 1995 and 1996 Annual Progress Report Abstract -- This report summarizes fish culture monitoring data for Lower Snake River Compensation Plan (LSRCP) facilities for each species. These data should serve as the basis for the analysis of trends in culture performance. Generally speaking, the data in this report were derived from hatchery inventories and standard databases (i.e., PSMFC, Coded-wire tag) or through standard measuring techniques. As such, specific protocols are usually not described. In cases where expansions of data or unique methodologies were used, protocols are described in more detail. Additional descriptions of protocols can be found in the 1995 and 1996 work statements (Carmichael 1995, 1996). Coded-wire tag (CWT) data that were collected from 1995-1996 adult returns is used to evaluate smolt-to-adult survival rates in experimental rearing and release groups. In 1995-1996, experimental treatments from which fish returned included acclimated vs. direct stream for steelhead and size-at-release for both steelhead and Chinook. In 1995-1996, experimental treatments for which fish were released included size-at-release, exercise, acclimation, and low density treatments for Chinook, acclimated vs. direct stream for both steelhead and Chinook, and forced vs. volitional release for steelhead. Analysis of specific survival studies will be completed once all brood years have returned and CWT data are complete for a given experiment. In addition, much of the data that we discuss in this report will be used in separate and specific evaluations of ongoing supplementation programs for both steelhead and Chinook in the Imnaha River basin. Lower Snake River Compensation Plan (LSRCP) ODFW- Eastern Oregon Fish Research (EOFR) Close

• 43. [Article] Umatilla Basin Natural Production Monitoring and Evaluation; Annual Progress Report 1994 - 1995

  Abstract -- This report summarizes the activities of the Umatilla Basin Natural Production Monitoring and Evaluation Project (UBNPME) from September 30, 1994 to September 29, 1995. This program was funded ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Umatilla Basin Natural Production Monitoring and Evaluation; Annual Progress Report 1994 - 1995 Abstract -- This report summarizes the activities of the Umatilla Basin Natural Production Monitoring and Evaluation Project (UBNPME) from September 30, 1994 to September 29, 1995. This program was funded by Bonneville Power Administration and was managed under the Fisheries Program, Department of Natural Resources, Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation. An estimated 36.7 km (22.6 miles) of stream habitat were inventoried on the Umatilla River, Moonshine, Mission, Cottonwood and Coonskin Creeks. A total of 384 of 3,652 (10.5%) habitat units were electrofished. The number of juvenile fish captured follows: 2,953 natural summer steelhead (including resident rainbow tout; Oncorhynchus mykiss), one hatchery steelhead, 341 natural chinook salmon (0. tshawytscha), 163 natural coho salmon (0. kisutch), five bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus), 185 mountain whitefish (Prosopium williamsoni), and six northern squawfish (Ptychocheilus oregonensis). The expanded population estimate for the areas surveyed was 73,716 salmonids with a mean density of 0.38 fish/m2. The following number of non-salmonids were visually estimated: 7,572 speckled dace (Rhinichthys osculus), 5,196 sculpin (Cottus spp.), 532 suckers (Catostomus spp.) and 191 redside shiners (Richardsonius balteatus). The gross estimated density of all non-salmonids combined was 0.84 fish/m2. The estimated ratio of non-salmonids to salmonids was 2.4: 1. Relative salmonid abundance, seasonal distribution and habitat utilization were monitored at index sites throughout the basin. During index site monitoring, the following species were collected in addition to those listed above: american shad (Alosa sapidissima), smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieu), carp (Cyprinus Carpio) and chiselmouth (Acrocheilus alutaceus). Thirty ­nine sites were electrofished during the spring and summer seasons, while 36 sites were sampled in the fall season. Index sites with the. highest mean salmonid catch/minute (fish/min.) during the three sample periods were located at the following sites: East Birch Creek (3.4 fish/min.), Boston Canyon Creek (3.2 fish/min.), Spring Creek (3.1 fish/min.) and upper Squaw Creek (3.0 fish/min.). The highest electrofishing catch rates were observed in the Umatilla River tributaries above river mile (RM) 70 in the August and September sample period (Table J-2 catalogs river miles with associated landmarks). During the November sample period, catch rates were highest in Birch Creek tributaries. Most salmonids were captured in slow water near the bank during the November and March sampling periods. A study of the migration movements and homing requirements of adult salmonids in the Umatilla River was conducted during the 1994-95 return years. Radio telemetry was used to evaluate the movements of adult salmonids past diversion dams in the lower Umatilla River and to determine migrational movements of salmonids following upstream transport. Radio transmitters were placed in 30 summer steelhead, 15 spring chinook, nine fall chinook, and eight coho salmon. Salmon were released at Three Mile Falls Dam (TMD). An additional 11 summer steelhead and ten spring chinook salmon were tagged, hauled upstream, and released at either Barnhart, Nolin, Thornhollow, or Imeques C-mem-ini-kem. On average, summer steelhead required 36 days to successfully migrate from TMD to Stanfield Dam. Spring chinook required 18 days. Average passage times for summer steelhead (hours and minutes) at Westland, Feed Canal, and Stanfield Dams were 13:06, 83:24, and 2:58, respectively. Spring chinook salmon required 04:30 at Westland, 89:42 at Feed Canal, and 04:01 at Stanfield Dams. Migrational delays were observed at Feed Canal Dam at flows ranging from 563 to 1,601 cubic feet/second (cfs). Thirty-eight percent of the fish ladder at Westland Dam, 75% at Feed canal, and 31% at Stanfield Dam. Average passage times at Feed Canal Dam (1995) were more than 15 times those at Stanfield Dam in 1994 and more than 20 times those at Stanfield Dam in 1995. Data related to homing and passage needs of Umatilla River salmonids was investigated in an attempt to maximize homing to the Umatilla River. Straying rates of adult summer steelhead and spring chinook salmon were found to be low while coho and fall chinook salmon stray rates were high in some groups, particularly adult returns from subyearling smolt releases of fall chinook salmon. Attraction flows of from the mouth of the Umatilla River of at least 150 cfs were required to encourage migration and reduce straying of fall chinook and coho salmon. Significant numbers of summer steelhead entered when flows exceeded 500 cfs. Spring chinook salmon entry was variable with fish entering at flows ranging from 150 to more than 2,000 cfs. Adult anadromous salmonids potentially available to spawn above TMD from August 26, 1994 to June 27, 1995 included: 593 adult and 530 jack fall chinook salmon (1994 brood), 879 adult and 54 jack coho salmon (1994 brood), 784 natural and 509 hatchery summer steelhead (1995 brood), and 378 adult and 62 jack spring chinook salmon (1995 brood). During escapement surveys (fall of 1994), a total of 82 fall chinook salmon redds, 24 coho salmon redds and seven unidentified salmon redds (112 redds total, 2.6/mile) were enumerated along 42.3 miles of the mainstem above TMD. In 1995, we enumerated and flagged 126 summer steelhead redds (3.6 redds/mile) along 35.3 miles of lateral tributaries of the Umatilla River. Also enumerated were 90 spring chinook salmon redds (1.6 redds/mile) along 55.8 miles of the mainstem. Ninety-six percent of the adult fall chinook salmon carcasses examined had spawned while 94% of the coho had spawned; 66.8 % of the spring chinook salmon carcasses examined bad spawned. A total of 49.3% of spring chinook salmon released above TMD were sampled during spawning ground surveys and 60 coded wire tags (CWTs) were recovered from 78 adipose clipped fish. The rotary screw trap in the Umatilla River (RM 76) operated 63 of 113 days from September 21, 1994 to January 13, 1995. The trap captured 596 juvenile steelhead with a mean trap efficiency rate of 9.9%. A total of 1,368 juvenile chinook salmon were captured with a mean trap efficiency rate of 28. 8 % . The rotary screw trap at the Imeques C-mem-ini-kem site (RM 79.5) operated 43 out of 43 days from May 5 through June 16, 1995. The trap captured 304 natural juvenile steelhead with a mean trap efficiency rate of 6.6%. A total of 102 natural juvenile chinook salmon were captured with a mean trap efficiency rate of 10.5%. The rotary screw trap at the Barnhart site (RM 42,2) operated 87 out of 125 days from March 3 to June I, 1995. The trap captured 105 natural juvenile steelhead, 247 natural juvenile chinook salmon, five natural coho salmon, 6,265 hatchery juvenile chinook salmon, 467 hatchery steelhead and 16,844 hatchery coho salmon. Mean trap efficiency rates ranged from 2.3 to 5.7% . Harvest monitors estimated that tribal anglers harvested 25 hatchery and five natural summer steelhead during the spring of 1995. There was no spring chinook salmon fishery in the Umatilla River during 1995 because of the low number of returning adults. Scale analysis determined that over 85 .0% of naturally produced juvenile summer steelhead sampled during biological and index surveys were age O+ or l +. Naturally produced summer steelhead adults, returning to the Umatilla River in 1994-95, were mostly from the 1990 (46.4%) and 1991 (33.9%) brood years. Title: Umatilla Basin Natural Production Monitoring and Evaluation; Annual Progress Report 1994 - 1995 Abstract -- This report summarizes the activities of the Umatilla Basin Natural Production Monitoring and Evaluation Project (UBNPME) from September 30, 1994 to September 29, 1995. This program was funded by Bonneville Power Administration and was managed under the Fisheries Program, Department of Natural Resources, Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation. An estimated 36.7 km (22.6 miles) of stream habitat were inventoried on the Umatilla River, Moonshine, Mission, Cottonwood and Coonskin Creeks. A total of 384 of 3,652 (10.5%) habitat units were electrofished. The number of juvenile fish captured follows: 2,953 natural summer steelhead (including resident rainbow tout; Oncorhynchus mykiss), one hatchery steelhead, 341 natural chinook salmon (0. tshawytscha), 163 natural coho salmon (0. kisutch), five bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus), 185 mountain whitefish (Prosopium williamsoni), and six northern squawfish (Ptychocheilus oregonensis). The expanded population estimate for the areas surveyed was 73,716 salmonids with a mean density of 0.38 fish/m2. The following number of non-salmonids were visually estimated: 7,572 speckled dace (Rhinichthys osculus), 5,196 sculpin (Cottus spp.), 532 suckers (Catostomus spp.) and 191 redside shiners (Richardsonius balteatus). The gross estimated density of all non-salmonids combined was 0.84 fish/m2. The estimated ratio of non-salmonids to salmonids was 2.4: 1. Relative salmonid abundance, seasonal distribution and habitat utilization were monitored at index sites throughout the basin. During index site monitoring, the following species were collected in addition to those listed above: american shad (Alosa sapidissima), smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieu), carp (Cyprinus Carpio) and chiselmouth (Acrocheilus alutaceus). Thirty ­nine sites were electrofished during the spring and summer seasons, while 36 sites were sampled in the fall season. Index sites with the. highest mean salmonid catch/minute (fish/min.) during the three sample periods were located at the following sites: East Birch Creek (3.4 fish/min.), Boston Canyon Creek (3.2 fish/min.), Spring Creek (3.1 fish/min.) and upper Squaw Creek (3.0 fish/min.). The highest electrofishing catch rates were observed in the Umatilla River tributaries above river mile (RM) 70 in the August and September sample period (Table J-2 catalogs river miles with associated landmarks). During the November sample period, catch rates were highest in Birch Creek tributaries. Most salmonids were captured in slow water near the bank during the November and March sampling periods. A study of the migration movements and homing requirements of adult salmonids in the Umatilla River was conducted during the 1994-95 return years. Radio telemetry was used to evaluate the movements of adult salmonids past diversion dams in the lower Umatilla River and to determine migrational movements of salmonids following upstream transport. Radio transmitters were placed in 30 summer steelhead, 15 spring chinook, nine fall chinook, and eight coho salmon. Salmon were released at Three Mile Falls Dam (TMD). An additional 11 summer steelhead and ten spring chinook salmon were tagged, hauled upstream, and released at either Barnhart, Nolin, Thornhollow, or Imeques C-mem-ini-kem. On average, summer steelhead required 36 days to successfully migrate from TMD to Stanfield Dam. Spring chinook required 18 days. Average passage times for summer steelhead (hours and minutes) at Westland, Feed Canal, and Stanfield Dams were 13:06, 83:24, and 2:58, respectively. Spring chinook salmon required 04:30 at Westland, 89:42 at Feed Canal, and 04:01 at Stanfield Dams. Migrational delays were observed at Feed Canal Dam at flows ranging from 563 to 1,601 cubic feet/second (cfs). Thirty-eight percent of the fish ladder at Westland Dam, 75% at Feed canal, and 31% at Stanfield Dam. Average passage times at Feed Canal Dam (1995) were more than 15 times those at Stanfield Dam in 1994 and more than 20 times those at Stanfield Dam in 1995. Data related to homing and passage needs of Umatilla River salmonids was investigated in an attempt to maximize homing to the Umatilla River. Straying rates of adult summer steelhead and spring chinook salmon were found to be low while coho and fall chinook salmon stray rates were high in some groups, particularly adult returns from subyearling smolt releases of fall chinook salmon. Attraction flows of from the mouth of the Umatilla River of at least 150 cfs were required to encourage migration and reduce straying of fall chinook and coho salmon. Significant numbers of summer steelhead entered when flows exceeded 500 cfs. Spring chinook salmon entry was variable with fish entering at flows ranging from 150 to more than 2,000 cfs. Adult anadromous salmonids potentially available to spawn above TMD from August 26, 1994 to June 27, 1995 included: 593 adult and 530 jack fall chinook salmon (1994 brood), 879 adult and 54 jack coho salmon (1994 brood), 784 natural and 509 hatchery summer steelhead (1995 brood), and 378 adult and 62 jack spring chinook salmon (1995 brood). During escapement surveys (fall of 1994), a total of 82 fall chinook salmon redds, 24 coho salmon redds and seven unidentified salmon redds (112 redds total, 2.6/mile) were enumerated along 42.3 miles of the mainstem above TMD. In 1995, we enumerated and flagged 126 summer steelhead redds (3.6 redds/mile) along 35.3 miles of lateral tributaries of the Umatilla River. Also enumerated were 90 spring chinook salmon redds (1.6 redds/mile) along 55.8 miles of the mainstem. Ninety-six percent of the adult fall chinook salmon carcasses examined had spawned while 94% of the coho had spawned; 66.8 % of the spring chinook salmon carcasses examined bad spawned. A total of 49.3% of spring chinook salmon released above TMD were sampled during spawning ground surveys and 60 coded wire tags (CWTs) were recovered from 78 adipose clipped fish. The rotary screw trap in the Umatilla River (RM 76) operated 63 of 113 days from September 21, 1994 to January 13, 1995. The trap captured 596 juvenile steelhead with a mean trap efficiency rate of 9.9%. A total of 1,368 juvenile chinook salmon were captured with a mean trap efficiency rate of 28. 8 % . The rotary screw trap at the Imeques C-mem-ini-kem site (RM 79.5) operated 43 out of 43 days from May 5 through June 16, 1995. The trap captured 304 natural juvenile steelhead with a mean trap efficiency rate of 6.6%. A total of 102 natural juvenile chinook salmon were captured with a mean trap efficiency rate of 10.5%. The rotary screw trap at the Barnhart site (RM 42,2) operated 87 out of 125 days from March 3 to June I, 1995. The trap captured 105 natural juvenile steelhead, 247 natural juvenile chinook salmon, five natural coho salmon, 6,265 hatchery juvenile chinook salmon, 467 hatchery steelhead and 16,844 hatchery coho salmon. Mean trap efficiency rates ranged from 2.3 to 5.7% . Harvest monitors estimated that tribal anglers harvested 25 hatchery and five natural summer steelhead during the spring of 1995. There was no spring chinook salmon fishery in the Umatilla River during 1995 because of the low number of returning adults. Scale analysis determined that over 85 .0% of naturally produced juvenile summer steelhead sampled during biological and index surveys were age O+ or l +. Naturally produced summer steelhead adults, returning to the Umatilla River in 1994-95, were mostly from the 1990 (46.4%) and 1991 (33.9%) brood years. Close