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• 1. [Article] Migration Characteristics of Hatchery and Natural Spring Chinook Salmon Smolts from the Grande Ronde River Basin, Oregon, to Lower Granite Dam on the Snake River

  Abstract -- Smolts of spring Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha experience substantial mortality while migrating through free-flowing reaches of the Snake River basin before reaching Lower Granite ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Migration Characteristics of Hatchery and Natural Spring Chinook Salmon Smolts from the Grande Ronde River Basin, Oregon, to Lower Granite Dam on the Snake River Abstract -- Smolts of spring Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha experience substantial mortality while migrating through free-flowing reaches of the Snake River basin before reaching Lower Granite Dam, the first dam encountered in the Columbia–Snake river hydrosystem. We investigated the patterns of travel time and survival of hatchery and natural smolts fitted with passive integrated transponder (PIT) tags through specific reaches of the migration corridor during the 2000–2006 migration years for two populations originating in the Grande Ronde River basin (Lostine River and Catherine Creek). For both populations, median travel times for natural smolts were significantly longer in the upper reaches of the migration corridor but shorter in the lower reaches than for their hatchery counterparts. Also, among both hatchery and natural smolts, smaller individuals spent more time in the upper reaches, presumably feeding to attain a larger size before continuing their migration. Within populations, both hatchery and natural smolts showed similar patterns of survival through the reaches of the migration corridor above Lower Granite Dam. Size-selective mortality was evident for hatchery and natural smolts from both populations, especially in the upper reaches, larger individuals experiencing higher survival. The Catherine Creek population experienced the majority of natural and hatchery smolt mortality (32.8–65.8%) in a relatively short (91-km), low-gradient reach immediately below the summer rearing habitat. In contrast, the Lostine River natural and hatchery smolts experienced lower mortality (3.6–46.1%) in a 174-km reach below the summer rearing habitat. The results of this study demonstrate the dynamic nature of survival and migration rate among spring Chinook salmon smolts during their initial seaward migration from tributaries. Lower Snake River Compensation Plan (LSRCP) ODFW- Eastern Oregon Fish Research (EOFR) Title: Migration Characteristics of Hatchery and Natural Spring Chinook Salmon Smolts from the Grande Ronde River Basin, Oregon, to Lower Granite Dam on the Snake River Abstract -- Smolts of spring Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha experience substantial mortality while migrating through free-flowing reaches of the Snake River basin before reaching Lower Granite Dam, the first dam encountered in the Columbia–Snake river hydrosystem. We investigated the patterns of travel time and survival of hatchery and natural smolts fitted with passive integrated transponder (PIT) tags through specific reaches of the migration corridor during the 2000–2006 migration years for two populations originating in the Grande Ronde River basin (Lostine River and Catherine Creek). For both populations, median travel times for natural smolts were significantly longer in the upper reaches of the migration corridor but shorter in the lower reaches than for their hatchery counterparts. Also, among both hatchery and natural smolts, smaller individuals spent more time in the upper reaches, presumably feeding to attain a larger size before continuing their migration. Within populations, both hatchery and natural smolts showed similar patterns of survival through the reaches of the migration corridor above Lower Granite Dam. Size-selective mortality was evident for hatchery and natural smolts from both populations, especially in the upper reaches, larger individuals experiencing higher survival. The Catherine Creek population experienced the majority of natural and hatchery smolt mortality (32.8–65.8%) in a relatively short (91-km), low-gradient reach immediately below the summer rearing habitat. In contrast, the Lostine River natural and hatchery smolts experienced lower mortality (3.6–46.1%) in a 174-km reach below the summer rearing habitat. The results of this study demonstrate the dynamic nature of survival and migration rate among spring Chinook salmon smolts during their initial seaward migration from tributaries. Lower Snake River Compensation Plan (LSRCP) ODFW- Eastern Oregon Fish Research (EOFR) Close

• 2. [Article] Abundance, distribution, and migratory behavior of coastal cutthroat trout in two lower Columbia River tributaries

  Abstract -- Coastal cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarki clarki) exhibit multiple life history types characterized by diverse migratory strategies, including anadromous, potomodromous, and freshwater resident ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Abundance, distribution, and migratory behavior of coastal cutthroat trout in two lower Columbia River tributaries Abstract -- Coastal cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarki clarki) exhibit multiple life history types characterized by diverse migratory strategies, including anadromous, potomodromous, and freshwater resident forms. The factors contributing to life history variation within populations are not well understood, but probably are not strictly genetic (e.g. Johnson et al, in review). Variation in migration tendency within cutthroat populations may result from phenotype plasticity, influenced by density, frequency, or condition dependent processes (Hendry et al. 2004). For example, an individual cutthroat’s choice to migrate at a given time or age may be a response to environmental conditions mediated by a genetically determined reaction norm (Hutchings 2004). This report summarizes a study undertaken to describe the expression of migratory behavior within coastal cutthroat trout populations, the relationship among migratory and non-migratory individuals, and the implications of life history diversity for management of cutthroat trout in tributaries of the lower Columbia River. The relationship between resident and migratory populations (or resident and migratory individuals within populations) is of central importance for management of coastal cutthroat trout. In the lower Columbia River and southwest Washington State a proposed rule to list anadromous cutthroat as threatened under the federal Endangered Species Act (ESA) was withdrawn after the US Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) decided during its review process to include resident and anadromous forms in the same Distinct Population Segment (DPS). Debate over proposed ESA listing highlighted a general lack of knowledge about coastal cutthroat trout life history, relationships between resident and migratory forms, and estuarine habitat use in the lower Columbia River. In 2009, the decision not to list the DPS as threatened was remanded to the USFWS on the grounds that the Service had not adequately considered whether marine and estuarine habitats formed a significant portion of the range of the DPS (USFWS 2009). We evaluated the distribution and abundance of coastal cutthroat trout in Big Creek and Bear Creek, two tributaries that join the Columbia River estuary from the south (Oregon) side roughly 30 kilometers from the ocean, and monitored the migratory behavior of cutthroat that emigrated from these streams and entered the Columbia River estuary. Big Creek is an interesting system because a fish weir and diversion dam at an ODFW hatchery, established in 1941 and refurbished in 1957, prevent cutthroat trout from passing upstream, isolating the cutthroat spawning population above the hatchery. Despite this barrier to upstream migration, offspring of resident cutthroat in the upper watershed continue to “smolt” and migrate downstream past the barrier. We were interested in the fate of these fish and their contribution to the adult population. Bear Creek, on the other hand, has always had full access for anadromous cutthroat through much of its drainage. These two systems permit a comparison of life history characteristics, migration, and survival of coastal cutthroat rearing in streams above and below migration barriers, and provide study sites in Oregon to compliment research by USFWS of coastal cutthroat migration behavior in tributaries entering the estuary from the north side of the Columbia River (USFWS 2008; and see Hudson et al. 2008; Johnson 2008; Zydlewski et al. 2008). A major objective of our work in Big Creek and Bear Creek was to increase understanding of coastal cutthroat trout biology and the relationship between resident and migratory cutthroat in lower Columbia tributaries. Additionally, we sought to document habitat use in the Columbia River estuary by migrant cutthroat. Our specific objectives were to: • Estimate abundance of coastal cutthroat trout in Big Creek (above hatchery barrier) and Bear Creek (above and below a large dam) • Quantify the proportions of the cutthroat populations that are migratory, identify which individuals migrate and describe the timing of migration • Describe habitats used by anadromous migrants and characterize migration behavior within the Columbia River estuary • Measure estuarine/marine survival of anadromous individuals and document return to natal streams Title: Abundance, distribution, and migratory behavior of coastal cutthroat trout in two lower Columbia River tributaries Abstract -- Coastal cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarki clarki) exhibit multiple life history types characterized by diverse migratory strategies, including anadromous, potomodromous, and freshwater resident forms. The factors contributing to life history variation within populations are not well understood, but probably are not strictly genetic (e.g. Johnson et al, in review). Variation in migration tendency within cutthroat populations may result from phenotype plasticity, influenced by density, frequency, or condition dependent processes (Hendry et al. 2004). For example, an individual cutthroat’s choice to migrate at a given time or age may be a response to environmental conditions mediated by a genetically determined reaction norm (Hutchings 2004). This report summarizes a study undertaken to describe the expression of migratory behavior within coastal cutthroat trout populations, the relationship among migratory and non-migratory individuals, and the implications of life history diversity for management of cutthroat trout in tributaries of the lower Columbia River. The relationship between resident and migratory populations (or resident and migratory individuals within populations) is of central importance for management of coastal cutthroat trout. In the lower Columbia River and southwest Washington State a proposed rule to list anadromous cutthroat as threatened under the federal Endangered Species Act (ESA) was withdrawn after the US Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) decided during its review process to include resident and anadromous forms in the same Distinct Population Segment (DPS). Debate over proposed ESA listing highlighted a general lack of knowledge about coastal cutthroat trout life history, relationships between resident and migratory forms, and estuarine habitat use in the lower Columbia River. In 2009, the decision not to list the DPS as threatened was remanded to the USFWS on the grounds that the Service had not adequately considered whether marine and estuarine habitats formed a significant portion of the range of the DPS (USFWS 2009). We evaluated the distribution and abundance of coastal cutthroat trout in Big Creek and Bear Creek, two tributaries that join the Columbia River estuary from the south (Oregon) side roughly 30 kilometers from the ocean, and monitored the migratory behavior of cutthroat that emigrated from these streams and entered the Columbia River estuary. Big Creek is an interesting system because a fish weir and diversion dam at an ODFW hatchery, established in 1941 and refurbished in 1957, prevent cutthroat trout from passing upstream, isolating the cutthroat spawning population above the hatchery. Despite this barrier to upstream migration, offspring of resident cutthroat in the upper watershed continue to “smolt” and migrate downstream past the barrier. We were interested in the fate of these fish and their contribution to the adult population. Bear Creek, on the other hand, has always had full access for anadromous cutthroat through much of its drainage. These two systems permit a comparison of life history characteristics, migration, and survival of coastal cutthroat rearing in streams above and below migration barriers, and provide study sites in Oregon to compliment research by USFWS of coastal cutthroat migration behavior in tributaries entering the estuary from the north side of the Columbia River (USFWS 2008; and see Hudson et al. 2008; Johnson 2008; Zydlewski et al. 2008). A major objective of our work in Big Creek and Bear Creek was to increase understanding of coastal cutthroat trout biology and the relationship between resident and migratory cutthroat in lower Columbia tributaries. Additionally, we sought to document habitat use in the Columbia River estuary by migrant cutthroat. Our specific objectives were to: • Estimate abundance of coastal cutthroat trout in Big Creek (above hatchery barrier) and Bear Creek (above and below a large dam) • Quantify the proportions of the cutthroat populations that are migratory, identify which individuals migrate and describe the timing of migration • Describe habitats used by anadromous migrants and characterize migration behavior within the Columbia River estuary • Measure estuarine/marine survival of anadromous individuals and document return to natal streams Close

• 3. [Article] Life history variability, habitat use, and migratory behavior of coastal cutthroat trout in the Salmon River, Oregon Annual Progress Report

  Abstract -- A previous study characterized a diversity of life history strategies of coastal cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarki clarki) in Salmon River (Krentz 2007). In contrast to life history patterns ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Life history variability, habitat use, and migratory behavior of coastal cutthroat trout in the Salmon River, Oregon Annual Progress Report Abstract -- A previous study characterized a diversity of life history strategies of coastal cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarki clarki) in Salmon River (Krentz 2007). In contrast to life history patterns in other Oregon estuaries (Giger 1972), cutthroat trout of all sizes resided for extended periods of time throughout the available channel habitats in Salmon River estuary. The estuarine resident population appeared to represent a significant portion of the migratory individuals, and included all age classes. Estuary growth was similar to that of their ocean migrant counterparts, and survival in the estuary was high. Because cutthroat were collected and marked primarily within the estuary (Krentz 2007), it is unclear what portion of the migrant population remained in the estuary relative to the ocean migrants, or whether the tagged group was representative of the anadromous populations. The current study was designed to track a representative sample of the downstream migrant population, and assess the relative success (survival) of the estuary and ocean migrants. Similar studies in the Columbia River documented directed and rapid migration through the estuary (Zydlewski et al. 2008, Hering et al. 2009). With one exception, cutthroat trout were not observed to rear in the estuary. In addition, many fish disappeared before reaching the ocean and few of the ocean migrants returned to the site of release. In this study we replicated the study design used in the Columbia River studies to allow comparison of estuary migration and rearing strategies between the two estuaries. The primary objective of our work in the Salmon River was to increase understanding of coastal cutthroat trout biology and the relationship between resident and migratory cutthroat. Study objectives were to: 1. Estimate the distribution and abundance of coastal cutthroat trout in the Salmon River watershed 2. Quantify the proportions of the cutthroat populations that are migratory, identify which individuals migrate and describe the timing of migration 3. Describe habitats used by anadromous migrants and characterize migration behavior within the Salmon River estuary 4. Estimate growth rate of estuary resident cutthroat 5. Estimate estuarine/marine survival of anadromous individuals and document return to estuary 6. Compare migratory patterns and survival with cutthroat in the Columbia River In this report, we will discuss migration patterns, habitat use, and growth. The study will be continued in 2010 to meet objectives (1), (2), and (6), and provide more detail to objectives (3), (4), and (5). Title: Life history variability, habitat use, and migratory behavior of coastal cutthroat trout in the Salmon River, Oregon Annual Progress Report Abstract -- A previous study characterized a diversity of life history strategies of coastal cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarki clarki) in Salmon River (Krentz 2007). In contrast to life history patterns in other Oregon estuaries (Giger 1972), cutthroat trout of all sizes resided for extended periods of time throughout the available channel habitats in Salmon River estuary. The estuarine resident population appeared to represent a significant portion of the migratory individuals, and included all age classes. Estuary growth was similar to that of their ocean migrant counterparts, and survival in the estuary was high. Because cutthroat were collected and marked primarily within the estuary (Krentz 2007), it is unclear what portion of the migrant population remained in the estuary relative to the ocean migrants, or whether the tagged group was representative of the anadromous populations. The current study was designed to track a representative sample of the downstream migrant population, and assess the relative success (survival) of the estuary and ocean migrants. Similar studies in the Columbia River documented directed and rapid migration through the estuary (Zydlewski et al. 2008, Hering et al. 2009). With one exception, cutthroat trout were not observed to rear in the estuary. In addition, many fish disappeared before reaching the ocean and few of the ocean migrants returned to the site of release. In this study we replicated the study design used in the Columbia River studies to allow comparison of estuary migration and rearing strategies between the two estuaries. The primary objective of our work in the Salmon River was to increase understanding of coastal cutthroat trout biology and the relationship between resident and migratory cutthroat. Study objectives were to: 1. Estimate the distribution and abundance of coastal cutthroat trout in the Salmon River watershed 2. Quantify the proportions of the cutthroat populations that are migratory, identify which individuals migrate and describe the timing of migration 3. Describe habitats used by anadromous migrants and characterize migration behavior within the Salmon River estuary 4. Estimate growth rate of estuary resident cutthroat 5. Estimate estuarine/marine survival of anadromous individuals and document return to estuary 6. Compare migratory patterns and survival with cutthroat in the Columbia River In this report, we will discuss migration patterns, habitat use, and growth. The study will be continued in 2010 to meet objectives (1), (2), and (6), and provide more detail to objectives (3), (4), and (5). Close

• 4. [Article] Fish Research Project Oregon; Investigations Into The Early Life History Of Naturally Produced Spring Chinook Salmon In The Grande Ronde River Basin - Annual Progress Report 1997

  Abstract -- Project determined migration timing and abundance of juvenile spring Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha using rotary screw traps on four streams in the Grande Ronde River basin during ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Fish Research Project Oregon; Investigations Into The Early Life History Of Naturally Produced Spring Chinook Salmon In The Grande Ronde River Basin - Annual Progress Report 1997 Abstract -- Project determined migration timing and abundance of juvenile spring Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha using rotary screw traps on four streams in the Grande Ronde River basin during the 1997 migratory year (MY 1997) from 1 September 1996 through 31 August 1997. We determined migration timing and abundance of juvenile spring chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha using rotary screw traps on four streams in the Grande Ronde River basin during the 1997 migratory year (MY 1997) from 1 September 1996 through 31 August 1997. ODFW, Eastern Oregon Fish Research (EOFR) Title: Fish Research Project Oregon; Investigations Into The Early Life History Of Naturally Produced Spring Chinook Salmon In The Grande Ronde River Basin - Annual Progress Report 1997 Abstract -- Project determined migration timing and abundance of juvenile spring Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha using rotary screw traps on four streams in the Grande Ronde River basin during the 1997 migratory year (MY 1997) from 1 September 1996 through 31 August 1997. We determined migration timing and abundance of juvenile spring chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha using rotary screw traps on four streams in the Grande Ronde River basin during the 1997 migratory year (MY 1997) from 1 September 1996 through 31 August 1997. ODFW, Eastern Oregon Fish Research (EOFR) Close

• 5. [Article] Fish Research Project Oregon; Investigations Into The Early Life History Of Naturally Produced Spring Chinook Salmon In The Grande Ronde River Basin - Annual Progress Report 1998

  Abstract -- Project determined migration timing and abundance of juvenile spring Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha using rotary screw traps on four streams in the Grande Ronde River basin during ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Fish Research Project Oregon; Investigations Into The Early Life History Of Naturally Produced Spring Chinook Salmon In The Grande Ronde River Basin - Annual Progress Report 1998 Abstract -- Project determined migration timing and abundance of juvenile spring Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha using rotary screw traps on four streams in the Grande Ronde River basin during the 1998 migratory year (MY 1998) from 1 Septermber 1997 through 31 August 1998. We determined migration timing and abundance of juvenile spring chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha using rotary screw traps on four streams in the Grande Ronde River basin during the 1998 migratory year (MY 1998) from 1 Septermber 1997 through 31 August 1998. ODFW, Eastern Oregon Fish Research (EOFR) Title: Fish Research Project Oregon; Investigations Into The Early Life History Of Naturally Produced Spring Chinook Salmon In The Grande Ronde River Basin - Annual Progress Report 1998 Abstract -- Project determined migration timing and abundance of juvenile spring Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha using rotary screw traps on four streams in the Grande Ronde River basin during the 1998 migratory year (MY 1998) from 1 Septermber 1997 through 31 August 1998. We determined migration timing and abundance of juvenile spring chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha using rotary screw traps on four streams in the Grande Ronde River basin during the 1998 migratory year (MY 1998) from 1 Septermber 1997 through 31 August 1998. ODFW, Eastern Oregon Fish Research (EOFR) Close

• 6. [Article] Fish Research Project Oregon; Investigations Into The Early Life History Of Naturally Produced Spring Chinook Salmon In The Grande Ronde River Basin - Annual Progress Report 1999

  Abstract -- Project determined migration timing and abundance of juvenile spring Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha using rotary screw traps on four streams in the Grande Ronde River basin during ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Fish Research Project Oregon; Investigations Into The Early Life History Of Naturally Produced Spring Chinook Salmon In The Grande Ronde River Basin - Annual Progress Report 1999 Abstract -- Project determined migration timing and abundance of juvenile spring Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha using rotary screw traps on four streams in the Grande Ronde River basin during the 1999 migratory year (MY 1999) from 1 September 1998 through 31 August 1999.We determined migration timing and abundance of juvenile spring chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha using rotary screw traps on four streams in the Grande Ronde River basin during the 1999 migratory year (MY 1999) from 1 September 1998 through 31 August 1999. ODFW, Eastern Oregon Fish Research (EOFR) Title: Fish Research Project Oregon; Investigations Into The Early Life History Of Naturally Produced Spring Chinook Salmon In The Grande Ronde River Basin - Annual Progress Report 1999 Abstract -- Project determined migration timing and abundance of juvenile spring Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha using rotary screw traps on four streams in the Grande Ronde River basin during the 1999 migratory year (MY 1999) from 1 September 1998 through 31 August 1999.We determined migration timing and abundance of juvenile spring chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha using rotary screw traps on four streams in the Grande Ronde River basin during the 1999 migratory year (MY 1999) from 1 September 1998 through 31 August 1999. ODFW, Eastern Oregon Fish Research (EOFR) Close

• 7. [Article] Fish Research Project Oregon; Aspects of Life History and Production of Juvenile Oncorhynchus mykiss in the Grande Ronde River Basin, Northeast Oregon - Summary Report 2001

  Abstract -- Rotary screw traps, located at four sites in the Grande Ronde River basin, were used to characterize aspects of early life history exhibited by juvenile Onchorhychus mykiss during migration ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Fish Research Project Oregon; Aspects of Life History and Production of Juvenile Oncorhynchus mykiss in the Grande Ronde River Basin, Northeast Oregon - Summary Report 2001 Abstract -- Rotary screw traps, located at four sites in the Grande Ronde River basin, were used to characterize aspects of early life history exhibited by juvenile Onchorhychus mykiss during migration years 1995-99. The Lostine, Catherine Creek and upper Grande Ronde traps captured fish as they migrated out of spawning areas into valley rearing habitats. The Grande Ronde Valley trap captured fish as they left valley habitats downstream of Catherine Creek and upper Grande Ronde River rearing habitats. ODFW, Eastern Oregon Fish Research (EOFR) Title: Fish Research Project Oregon; Aspects of Life History and Production of Juvenile Oncorhynchus mykiss in the Grande Ronde River Basin, Northeast Oregon - Summary Report 2001 Abstract -- Rotary screw traps, located at four sites in the Grande Ronde River basin, were used to characterize aspects of early life history exhibited by juvenile Onchorhychus mykiss during migration years 1995-99. The Lostine, Catherine Creek and upper Grande Ronde traps captured fish as they migrated out of spawning areas into valley rearing habitats. The Grande Ronde Valley trap captured fish as they left valley habitats downstream of Catherine Creek and upper Grande Ronde River rearing habitats. ODFW, Eastern Oregon Fish Research (EOFR) Close

• 8. [Article] LCMP - Juvenile Salmonid Outmigration in the Little North Fork Wilson and Little South Fork Kilchis Rivers - 2001

  Abstract -- Since 1998, as part of the Oregon Plan for Salmon and Watersheds, the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife (ODFW) has monitored downstream migration of juvenile salmonids (Oncorhynchus spp.) ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: LCMP - Juvenile Salmonid Outmigration in the Little North Fork Wilson and Little South Fork Kilchis Rivers - 2001 Abstract -- Since 1998, as part of the Oregon Plan for Salmon and Watersheds, the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife (ODFW) has monitored downstream migration of juvenile salmonids (Oncorhynchus spp.) in various streams along the coast. The goals of this program were discussed by Dalton (1998). Briefly, we examine migration timing and abundance of the various species by size and/or age class. In the Tillamook Bay watershed, the Tillamook County Performance Partnership (TCCP) and the Oregon Department of Forestry (ODFW) have provided funding for monitoring in the Little North Fork (LNF) Wilson and Little South Fork (LSF) Kilchis rivers. Data collected during the 2001 trapping season and an annual report are presented for juvenile salmonid out-migrant trapping on the LNF Wilson and LSF Kilchis rivers. Juvenile chinook salmon numbers had decreased greatly each year from 1998 to 2000 in both rivers, but in 2001 this trend was reversed. Data is presented as tables and figures within the report. Title: LCMP - Juvenile Salmonid Outmigration in the Little North Fork Wilson and Little South Fork Kilchis Rivers - 2001 Abstract -- Since 1998, as part of the Oregon Plan for Salmon and Watersheds, the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife (ODFW) has monitored downstream migration of juvenile salmonids (Oncorhynchus spp.) in various streams along the coast. The goals of this program were discussed by Dalton (1998). Briefly, we examine migration timing and abundance of the various species by size and/or age class. In the Tillamook Bay watershed, the Tillamook County Performance Partnership (TCCP) and the Oregon Department of Forestry (ODFW) have provided funding for monitoring in the Little North Fork (LNF) Wilson and Little South Fork (LSF) Kilchis rivers. Data collected during the 2001 trapping season and an annual report are presented for juvenile salmonid out-migrant trapping on the LNF Wilson and LSF Kilchis rivers. Juvenile chinook salmon numbers had decreased greatly each year from 1998 to 2000 in both rivers, but in 2001 this trend was reversed. Data is presented as tables and figures within the report. Close

• 9. [Article] Lateral Channel Migration, Downcutting and Restoration Potential of the North Fork Siuslaw River

  Abstract -- The report contains information on the study's methodology, geologic setting of the North Fork Siuslaw River, recent history of the North Fork Siuslaw River, current condition, channel information, ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Lateral Channel Migration, Downcutting and Restoration Potential of the North Fork Siuslaw River Abstract -- The report contains information on the study's methodology, geologic setting of the North Fork Siuslaw River, recent history of the North Fork Siuslaw River, current condition, channel information, and what can be done to enhance the River. Title: Lateral Channel Migration, Downcutting and Restoration Potential of the North Fork Siuslaw River Abstract -- The report contains information on the study's methodology, geologic setting of the North Fork Siuslaw River, recent history of the North Fork Siuslaw River, current condition, channel information, and what can be done to enhance the River. Close

• 10. [Article] Migration and Passage of Redband Trout in the Donner und Blitzen River, 2007-2009, Information Reports Number 2009-05

  Abstract -- Movement of redband trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss gairdneri) was tracked between March 2007 and June 2009 in the Donner und Blitzen River (Blitzen River). We had three primary study objectives: ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Migration and Passage of Redband Trout in the Donner und Blitzen River, 2007-2009, Information Reports Number 2009-05 Abstract -- Movement of redband trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss gairdneri) was tracked between March 2007 and June 2009 in the Donner und Blitzen River (Blitzen River). We had three primary study objectives: 1) examine redband trout spawning locations and spawning migration timing, 2) evaluate redband trout passage at diversion dams, and 3) investigate seasonal migration patterns of redband trout as they relate to stream temperature dynamics. We tagged 96 redband trout with radio transmitters and 706 with PIT tags. Radio tracking included both mobile and fixed station detections. We established PIT tag readers at Cato Bridge (Rkm 1), Busse Dam (Rkm 35), Grain Camp Dam (Rkm 48), and Page Dam (Rkm 76) for additional data on large-scale movement patterns. With the PIT antennas at the three diversion dams, we placed one antenna below the dam and one at the upstream exit of the fish ladders to evaluate the passage delays at each dam. Stream temperature was recorded at 10 locations in the Blitzen River throughout the study. Scales of 257 migratory trout were interpreted for age and spawning history. Our results indicated that the majority of Blitzen redband trout migrated upstream of Page Dam to spawn and that most trout spawned in the mainstem and not the tributaries. Upstream trout migration occurred from March to July, but the peak migration occurred during late April and early May. Passage problems were recorded at two of the three dams evaluated. Trout were delayed longest at Busse Dam and 44% of radio-tagged trout that approached the dam were never able to pass. Trout experienced less delay at Grain Camp Dam and only 8% of radio-tagged trout failed to pass the dam. At Page Dam, which has a recently upgraded fish ladder, trout delays were short and only 5% of trout that approached the dam were unable to pass. Potentially stressful or lethal temperatures (>24.3°C) were recorded at all monitoring locations downstream of Fish Creek, except at the site just below Page Springs. The migratory population ranged in age from 1+ to 5+, but only age 3+ and older trout were reproductively mature. This suggests that the spring upstream migration includes both adult trout seeking suitable spawning habitats and immature trout making a seasonal habitat shift for thermal refuge. A fraction of the PIT-tagged fish were observed to make two or three migrations from below Busse Dam to above Page Dam in the spring and returning back to the lower river in the fall. We recommend prioritizing fish passage at the Busse Dam and Grain Camp Dam for conservation and enhancement efforts. Title: Migration and Passage of Redband Trout in the Donner und Blitzen River, 2007-2009, Information Reports Number 2009-05 Abstract -- Movement of redband trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss gairdneri) was tracked between March 2007 and June 2009 in the Donner und Blitzen River (Blitzen River). We had three primary study objectives: 1) examine redband trout spawning locations and spawning migration timing, 2) evaluate redband trout passage at diversion dams, and 3) investigate seasonal migration patterns of redband trout as they relate to stream temperature dynamics. We tagged 96 redband trout with radio transmitters and 706 with PIT tags. Radio tracking included both mobile and fixed station detections. We established PIT tag readers at Cato Bridge (Rkm 1), Busse Dam (Rkm 35), Grain Camp Dam (Rkm 48), and Page Dam (Rkm 76) for additional data on large-scale movement patterns. With the PIT antennas at the three diversion dams, we placed one antenna below the dam and one at the upstream exit of the fish ladders to evaluate the passage delays at each dam. Stream temperature was recorded at 10 locations in the Blitzen River throughout the study. Scales of 257 migratory trout were interpreted for age and spawning history. Our results indicated that the majority of Blitzen redband trout migrated upstream of Page Dam to spawn and that most trout spawned in the mainstem and not the tributaries. Upstream trout migration occurred from March to July, but the peak migration occurred during late April and early May. Passage problems were recorded at two of the three dams evaluated. Trout were delayed longest at Busse Dam and 44% of radio-tagged trout that approached the dam were never able to pass. Trout experienced less delay at Grain Camp Dam and only 8% of radio-tagged trout failed to pass the dam. At Page Dam, which has a recently upgraded fish ladder, trout delays were short and only 5% of trout that approached the dam were unable to pass. Potentially stressful or lethal temperatures (>24.3°C) were recorded at all monitoring locations downstream of Fish Creek, except at the site just below Page Springs. The migratory population ranged in age from 1+ to 5+, but only age 3+ and older trout were reproductively mature. This suggests that the spring upstream migration includes both adult trout seeking suitable spawning habitats and immature trout making a seasonal habitat shift for thermal refuge. A fraction of the PIT-tagged fish were observed to make two or three migrations from below Busse Dam to above Page Dam in the spring and returning back to the lower river in the fall. We recommend prioritizing fish passage at the Busse Dam and Grain Camp Dam for conservation and enhancement efforts. Close

• 11. [Article] Lower Snake River Compensation Plan; Oregon Evaluation Studies; Steelhead Life History Characterization; Genetic Characterization; Kelt Reconditioning - Progress Report 2003

  Abstract -- Many salmonids exhibit partial migration: the phenomenon of populations partitioned into migratory and non-migratory individuals (Jonsson and Jonsson 1993). Oncorhynchus mykiss exhibit a complex ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Lower Snake River Compensation Plan; Oregon Evaluation Studies; Steelhead Life History Characterization; Genetic Characterization; Kelt Reconditioning - Progress Report 2003 Abstract -- Many salmonids exhibit partial migration: the phenomenon of populations partitioned into migratory and non-migratory individuals (Jonsson and Jonsson 1993). Oncorhynchus mykiss exhibit a complex of life-history strategies ranging from residency in small headwater streams to anadromy involving migrations of hundreds of kilometers. In the Grande Ronde River basin of Northeast Oregon, both resident and anadromous life-history forms coexist, and thus populations found there likely exhibit partial migration. Partial migration may have important consequences for “anadromous” species listed under the Endangered Species Act (ESA). The recent decline of summer steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss) stocks in the lower Snake River has prompted their listing under the ESA. Declines in steelhead are potentially due to elevated mortality rates associated with anadromous migrations. If resident and anadromous life-history characteristics result from a phenotypically plastic trait (i.e. a genetic trait that is highly variable due to influences from environmental factors), then elevated mortality associated with the anadromous type may be shifting the populations towards residency. Further, although the anadromous expression of the trait may be declining, the trait would not necessarily be lost. Identification of the plasticity of these traits would then be important for the management of these stocks. We investigated life history traits of O. mykiss with studies in both the hatchery and natural environment. We anticipated that these complimentary approaches would allow us to evaluate the relationship between the two life-history forms. They should further allow us to explore the feasibility of using hatcheries to produce anadromous progeny from resident parents if the number of anadromous life-history forms becomes severely depressed. Lower Snake River Compensation Plan (LSRCP) ODFW- Eastern Oregon Fish Research (EOFR) Title: Lower Snake River Compensation Plan; Oregon Evaluation Studies; Steelhead Life History Characterization; Genetic Characterization; Kelt Reconditioning - Progress Report 2003 Abstract -- Many salmonids exhibit partial migration: the phenomenon of populations partitioned into migratory and non-migratory individuals (Jonsson and Jonsson 1993). Oncorhynchus mykiss exhibit a complex of life-history strategies ranging from residency in small headwater streams to anadromy involving migrations of hundreds of kilometers. In the Grande Ronde River basin of Northeast Oregon, both resident and anadromous life-history forms coexist, and thus populations found there likely exhibit partial migration. Partial migration may have important consequences for “anadromous” species listed under the Endangered Species Act (ESA). The recent decline of summer steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss) stocks in the lower Snake River has prompted their listing under the ESA. Declines in steelhead are potentially due to elevated mortality rates associated with anadromous migrations. If resident and anadromous life-history characteristics result from a phenotypically plastic trait (i.e. a genetic trait that is highly variable due to influences from environmental factors), then elevated mortality associated with the anadromous type may be shifting the populations towards residency. Further, although the anadromous expression of the trait may be declining, the trait would not necessarily be lost. Identification of the plasticity of these traits would then be important for the management of these stocks. We investigated life history traits of O. mykiss with studies in both the hatchery and natural environment. We anticipated that these complimentary approaches would allow us to evaluate the relationship between the two life-history forms. They should further allow us to explore the feasibility of using hatcheries to produce anadromous progeny from resident parents if the number of anadromous life-history forms becomes severely depressed. Lower Snake River Compensation Plan (LSRCP) ODFW- Eastern Oregon Fish Research (EOFR) Close

• 12. [Article] Investigations Into The Early Life History Of Naturally Produced Spring Chinook Salmon and Summer Steelhead In The Grande Ronde River Basin - Annual Report 2001

  Abstract -- Project determined migration timing and abundance of juvenile spring Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha and juvenile steelhead/rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss using rotary screw traps ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Investigations Into The Early Life History Of Naturally Produced Spring Chinook Salmon and Summer Steelhead In The Grande Ronde River Basin - Annual Report 2001 Abstract -- Project determined migration timing and abundance of juvenile spring Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha and juvenile steelhead/rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss using rotary screw traps on four streams in the Grande Ronde River basin during the 2001 migratory year (MY 2001) from 1 July 2000 through 30 June 2001.We determined migration timing and abundance of juvenile spring chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha and juvenile steelhead/rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss using rotary screw traps on four streams in the Grande Ronde River basin during the 2001 migratory year (MY 2001) from 1 July 2000 through 30 June 2001. Eastern Oregon Fish Research (EOFR) Title: Investigations Into The Early Life History Of Naturally Produced Spring Chinook Salmon and Summer Steelhead In The Grande Ronde River Basin - Annual Report 2001 Abstract -- Project determined migration timing and abundance of juvenile spring Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha and juvenile steelhead/rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss using rotary screw traps on four streams in the Grande Ronde River basin during the 2001 migratory year (MY 2001) from 1 July 2000 through 30 June 2001.We determined migration timing and abundance of juvenile spring chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha and juvenile steelhead/rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss using rotary screw traps on four streams in the Grande Ronde River basin during the 2001 migratory year (MY 2001) from 1 July 2000 through 30 June 2001. Eastern Oregon Fish Research (EOFR) Close

• 13. [Article] Investigations Into The Early Life History Of Naturally Produced Spring Chinook Salmon and Summer Steelhead In The Grande Ronde River Basin - Annual Report 2000

  Abstract -- Project determined migration timing and abundance of juvenile spring Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha and juvenile steelhead/rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss using rotary screw traps ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Investigations Into The Early Life History Of Naturally Produced Spring Chinook Salmon and Summer Steelhead In The Grande Ronde River Basin - Annual Report 2000 Abstract -- Project determined migration timing and abundance of juvenile spring Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha and juvenile steelhead/rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss using rotary screw traps on four streams in the Grande Ronde River basin during the 2000 migratory year (MY 2000) from 1 October 1999 through 30 November 2000. We determined migration timing and abundance of juvenile spring chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha and juvenile steelhead/rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss using rotary screw traps on four streams in the Grande Ronde River basin during the 2000 migratory year (MY 2000) from 1 October 1999 through 30 November 2000. ODFW, Eastern Oregon Fish Research (EOFR) Title: Investigations Into The Early Life History Of Naturally Produced Spring Chinook Salmon and Summer Steelhead In The Grande Ronde River Basin - Annual Report 2000 Abstract -- Project determined migration timing and abundance of juvenile spring Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha and juvenile steelhead/rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss using rotary screw traps on four streams in the Grande Ronde River basin during the 2000 migratory year (MY 2000) from 1 October 1999 through 30 November 2000. We determined migration timing and abundance of juvenile spring chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha and juvenile steelhead/rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss using rotary screw traps on four streams in the Grande Ronde River basin during the 2000 migratory year (MY 2000) from 1 October 1999 through 30 November 2000. ODFW, Eastern Oregon Fish Research (EOFR) Close

• 14. [Article] Investigations Into The Early Life History Of Naturally Produced Spring Chinook Salmon and Summer Steelhead In The Grande Ronde River Subbasin - Annual Report 2002

  Abstract -- Project determined migration timing and abundance of juvenile spring Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha and juvenile steelhead/rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss using rotary screw traps ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Investigations Into The Early Life History Of Naturally Produced Spring Chinook Salmon and Summer Steelhead In The Grande Ronde River Subbasin - Annual Report 2002 Abstract -- Project determined migration timing and abundance of juvenile spring Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha and juvenile steelhead/rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss using rotary screw traps on four streams in the Grande Ronde River basin during the 2002 migratory year (MY 2002) from 1 December 2001 through 31 January 2003. We determined migration timing and abundance of juvenile spring chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha and juvenile steelhead/rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss using rotary screw traps on four streams in the Grande Ronde River basin during the 2002 migratory year (MY 2002) from 1 December 2001 through 31 January 2003. ODFW, Eastern Oregon Fish Research (EOFR) Title: Investigations Into The Early Life History Of Naturally Produced Spring Chinook Salmon and Summer Steelhead In The Grande Ronde River Subbasin - Annual Report 2002 Abstract -- Project determined migration timing and abundance of juvenile spring Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha and juvenile steelhead/rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss using rotary screw traps on four streams in the Grande Ronde River basin during the 2002 migratory year (MY 2002) from 1 December 2001 through 31 January 2003. We determined migration timing and abundance of juvenile spring chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha and juvenile steelhead/rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss using rotary screw traps on four streams in the Grande Ronde River basin during the 2002 migratory year (MY 2002) from 1 December 2001 through 31 January 2003. ODFW, Eastern Oregon Fish Research (EOFR) Close

• 15. [Article] Investigations Into The Early Life History Of Naturally Produced Spring Chinook Salmon and Summer Steelhead In The Grande Ronde River Subbasin - Annual Report 2003

  Abstract -- Project determined migration timing and abundance of juvenile spring Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha and juvenile steelhead/rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss using rotary screw traps ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Investigations Into The Early Life History Of Naturally Produced Spring Chinook Salmon and Summer Steelhead In The Grande Ronde River Subbasin - Annual Report 2003 Abstract -- Project determined migration timing and abundance of juvenile spring Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha and juvenile steelhead/rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss using rotary screw traps on four streams in the Grande Ronde River basin during the 2003 migratory year (MY 2003) from 1 February 2003 through 31 January 2004. We determined migration timing and abundance of juvenile spring chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha and juvenile steelhead/rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss using rotary screw traps on four streams in the Grande Ronde River basin during the 2003 migratory year (MY 2003) from 1 February 2003 through 31 January 2004. ODFW, Eastern Oregon Fish Research (EOFR) Title: Investigations Into The Early Life History Of Naturally Produced Spring Chinook Salmon and Summer Steelhead In The Grande Ronde River Subbasin - Annual Report 2003 Abstract -- Project determined migration timing and abundance of juvenile spring Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha and juvenile steelhead/rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss using rotary screw traps on four streams in the Grande Ronde River basin during the 2003 migratory year (MY 2003) from 1 February 2003 through 31 January 2004. We determined migration timing and abundance of juvenile spring chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha and juvenile steelhead/rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss using rotary screw traps on four streams in the Grande Ronde River basin during the 2003 migratory year (MY 2003) from 1 February 2003 through 31 January 2004. ODFW, Eastern Oregon Fish Research (EOFR) Close

• 16. [Article] Investigations Into The Early Life History Of Naturally Produced Spring Chinook Salmon and Summer Steelhead In The Grande Ronde River Subbasin - Annual Report 2004

  Abstract -- Project determined migration timing and abundance of juvenile spring Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha and juvenile steelhead/rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss using rotary screw traps ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Investigations Into The Early Life History Of Naturally Produced Spring Chinook Salmon and Summer Steelhead In The Grande Ronde River Subbasin - Annual Report 2004 Abstract -- Project determined migration timing and abundance of juvenile spring Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha and juvenile steelhead/rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss using rotary screw traps on four streams in the Grande Ronde River basin during the 2004 migratory year (MY 2004) from 1 Feburary 2004 through 31 January 2005.We determined migration timing and abundance of juvenile spring chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha and juvenile steelhead/rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss using rotary screw traps on four streams in the Grande Ronde River basin during the 2004 migratory year (MY 2004) from 1 Feburary 2004 through 31 January 2005 ODFW, Eastern Oregon Fish Research (EOFR) Title: Investigations Into The Early Life History Of Naturally Produced Spring Chinook Salmon and Summer Steelhead In The Grande Ronde River Subbasin - Annual Report 2004 Abstract -- Project determined migration timing and abundance of juvenile spring Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha and juvenile steelhead/rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss using rotary screw traps on four streams in the Grande Ronde River basin during the 2004 migratory year (MY 2004) from 1 Feburary 2004 through 31 January 2005.We determined migration timing and abundance of juvenile spring chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha and juvenile steelhead/rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss using rotary screw traps on four streams in the Grande Ronde River basin during the 2004 migratory year (MY 2004) from 1 Feburary 2004 through 31 January 2005 ODFW, Eastern Oregon Fish Research (EOFR) Close

• 17. [Article] Investigations Into The Early Life History Of Naturally Produced Spring Chinook Salmon and Summer Steelhead In The Grande Ronde River Subbasin - Annual Report 2005

  Abstract -- Project determined migration timing and abundance of juvenile spring Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha and juvenile steelhead/rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss using rotary screw traps ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Investigations Into The Early Life History Of Naturally Produced Spring Chinook Salmon and Summer Steelhead In The Grande Ronde River Subbasin - Annual Report 2005 Abstract -- Project determined migration timing and abundance of juvenile spring Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha and juvenile steelhead/rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss using rotary screw traps on four streams in the Grande Ronde River basin during the 2005 migratory year (MY 2005) from 1 February 2005 through 31 January 2006. We determined migration timing and abundance of juvenile spring chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha and juvenile steelhead/rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss using rotary screw traps on four streams in the Grande Ronde River basin during the 2005 migratory year (MY 2005) from 1 February 2005 through 31 January 2006. ODFW, Eastern Oregon Fish Research (EOFR) Title: Investigations Into The Early Life History Of Naturally Produced Spring Chinook Salmon and Summer Steelhead In The Grande Ronde River Subbasin - Annual Report 2005 Abstract -- Project determined migration timing and abundance of juvenile spring Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha and juvenile steelhead/rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss using rotary screw traps on four streams in the Grande Ronde River basin during the 2005 migratory year (MY 2005) from 1 February 2005 through 31 January 2006. We determined migration timing and abundance of juvenile spring chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha and juvenile steelhead/rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss using rotary screw traps on four streams in the Grande Ronde River basin during the 2005 migratory year (MY 2005) from 1 February 2005 through 31 January 2006. ODFW, Eastern Oregon Fish Research (EOFR) Close

• 18. [Article] Investigations Into The Early Life History Of Naturally Produced Spring Chinook Salmon and Summer Steelhead In The Grande Ronde River Subbasin - Annual Report 2006

  Abstract -- Project determined migration timing and abundance of juvenile spring Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha and juvenile steelhead/rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss using rotary screw traps ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Investigations Into The Early Life History Of Naturally Produced Spring Chinook Salmon and Summer Steelhead In The Grande Ronde River Subbasin - Annual Report 2006 Abstract -- Project determined migration timing and abundance of juvenile spring Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha and juvenile steelhead/rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss using rotary screw traps on four streams in the Grande Ronde River basin during the 2006 migratory year (MY 2006) from 1 February 2006 through 31 January 2007. We determined migration timing and abundance of juvenile spring chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha and juvenile steelhead/rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss using rotary screw traps on four streams in the Grande Ronde River basin during the 2006 migratory year (MY 2006) from 1 February 2006 through 31 January 2007. ODFW, Eastern Oregon Fish Research (EOFR) Title: Investigations Into The Early Life History Of Naturally Produced Spring Chinook Salmon and Summer Steelhead In The Grande Ronde River Subbasin - Annual Report 2006 Abstract -- Project determined migration timing and abundance of juvenile spring Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha and juvenile steelhead/rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss using rotary screw traps on four streams in the Grande Ronde River basin during the 2006 migratory year (MY 2006) from 1 February 2006 through 31 January 2007. We determined migration timing and abundance of juvenile spring chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha and juvenile steelhead/rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss using rotary screw traps on four streams in the Grande Ronde River basin during the 2006 migratory year (MY 2006) from 1 February 2006 through 31 January 2007. ODFW, Eastern Oregon Fish Research (EOFR) Close

• 19. [Article] Investigations Into The Early Life History Of Naturally Produced Spring Chinook Salmon and Summer Steelhead In The Grande Ronde River Subbasin - Annual Report 2007

  Abstract -- Project determined migration timing and abundance of juvenile spring Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha and juvenile steelhead/rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss using rotary screw traps ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Investigations Into The Early Life History Of Naturally Produced Spring Chinook Salmon and Summer Steelhead In The Grande Ronde River Subbasin - Annual Report 2007 Abstract -- Project determined migration timing and abundance of juvenile spring Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha and juvenile steelhead/rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss using rotary screw traps on four streams in the Grande Ronde River basin during the 2007 migratory year (MY 2007) from 1 February 2007 through 31 January 2008. We determined migration timing and abundance of juvenile spring chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha and juvenile steelhead/rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss using rotary screw traps on four streams in the Grande Ronde River basin during the 2007 migratory year (MY 2007) from 1 February 2007 through 31 January 2008. ODFW, Eastern Oregon Fish Research (EOFR) Title: Investigations Into The Early Life History Of Naturally Produced Spring Chinook Salmon and Summer Steelhead In The Grande Ronde River Subbasin - Annual Report 2007 Abstract -- Project determined migration timing and abundance of juvenile spring Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha and juvenile steelhead/rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss using rotary screw traps on four streams in the Grande Ronde River basin during the 2007 migratory year (MY 2007) from 1 February 2007 through 31 January 2008. We determined migration timing and abundance of juvenile spring chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha and juvenile steelhead/rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss using rotary screw traps on four streams in the Grande Ronde River basin during the 2007 migratory year (MY 2007) from 1 February 2007 through 31 January 2008. ODFW, Eastern Oregon Fish Research (EOFR) Close

• 20. [Article] Investigations Into The Early Life History Of Naturally Produced Spring Chinook Salmon and Summer Steelhead In The Grande Ronde River Subbasin - Annual Report 2008

  Abstract -- Project determined migration timing and abundance of juvenile spring Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha and juvenile steelhead/rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss using rotary screw traps ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Investigations Into The Early Life History Of Naturally Produced Spring Chinook Salmon and Summer Steelhead In The Grande Ronde River Subbasin - Annual Report 2008 Abstract -- Project determined migration timing and abundance of juvenile spring Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha and juvenile steelhead/rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss using rotary screw traps on four streams in the Grande Ronde River basin during the 2008 migratory year (MY 2008) from 1 February 2008 through 31 January 2009. We determined migration timing and abundance of juvenile spring chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha and juvenile steelhead/rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss using rotary screw traps on four streams in the Grande Ronde River basin during the 2008 migratory year (MY 2008) from 1 February 2008 through 31 January 2009. ODFW, Eastern Oregon Fish Research (EOFR) Title: Investigations Into The Early Life History Of Naturally Produced Spring Chinook Salmon and Summer Steelhead In The Grande Ronde River Subbasin - Annual Report 2008 Abstract -- Project determined migration timing and abundance of juvenile spring Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha and juvenile steelhead/rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss using rotary screw traps on four streams in the Grande Ronde River basin during the 2008 migratory year (MY 2008) from 1 February 2008 through 31 January 2009. We determined migration timing and abundance of juvenile spring chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha and juvenile steelhead/rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss using rotary screw traps on four streams in the Grande Ronde River basin during the 2008 migratory year (MY 2008) from 1 February 2008 through 31 January 2009. ODFW, Eastern Oregon Fish Research (EOFR) Close

• 21. [Article] Investigations Into The Early Life History Of Naturally Produced Spring Chinook Salmon and Summer Steelhead In The Grande Ronde River Subbasin - Annual Report 2009

  Abstract -- Project determined migration timing and abundance of juvenile spring Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha and juvenile steelhead/rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss using rotary screw traps ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Investigations Into The Early Life History Of Naturally Produced Spring Chinook Salmon and Summer Steelhead In The Grande Ronde River Subbasin - Annual Report 2009 Abstract -- Project determined migration timing and abundance of juvenile spring Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha and juvenile steelhead/rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss using rotary screw traps on four streams in the Grande Ronde River basin during the 2009 migratory year (MY 2009) from 1 February 2009 through 31 January 2010. We determined migration timing and abundance of juvenile spring chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha and juvenile steelhead/rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss using rotary screw traps on four streams in the Grande Ronde River basin during the 2009 migratory year (MY 2009) from 1 February 2009 through 31 January 2010. ODFW, Eastern Oregon Fish Research (EOFR) Title: Investigations Into The Early Life History Of Naturally Produced Spring Chinook Salmon and Summer Steelhead In The Grande Ronde River Subbasin - Annual Report 2009 Abstract -- Project determined migration timing and abundance of juvenile spring Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha and juvenile steelhead/rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss using rotary screw traps on four streams in the Grande Ronde River basin during the 2009 migratory year (MY 2009) from 1 February 2009 through 31 January 2010. We determined migration timing and abundance of juvenile spring chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha and juvenile steelhead/rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss using rotary screw traps on four streams in the Grande Ronde River basin during the 2009 migratory year (MY 2009) from 1 February 2009 through 31 January 2010. ODFW, Eastern Oregon Fish Research (EOFR) Close

• 22. [Article] Investigations Into The Early Life History Of Naturally Produced Spring Chinook Salmon and Summer Steelhead In The Grande Ronde River Subbasin - Annual Report 2010

  Abstract -- Project determined migration timing and abundance of juvenile spring Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha and juvenile steelhead/rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss using rotary screw traps ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Investigations Into The Early Life History Of Naturally Produced Spring Chinook Salmon and Summer Steelhead In The Grande Ronde River Subbasin - Annual Report 2010 Abstract -- Project determined migration timing and abundance of juvenile spring Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha and juvenile steelhead/rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss using rotary screw traps on four streams in the Grande Ronde River basin during the 2010 migratory year (MY 2010) from 1 February 2010 through 31 January 2011. We determined migration timing and abundance of juvenile spring chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha and juvenile steelhead/rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss using rotary screw traps on four streams in the Grande Ronde River basin during the 2010 migratory year (MY 2010) from 1 February 2010 through 31 January 2011. ODFW, Eastern Oregon Fish Research (EOFR) Title: Investigations Into The Early Life History Of Naturally Produced Spring Chinook Salmon and Summer Steelhead In The Grande Ronde River Subbasin - Annual Report 2010 Abstract -- Project determined migration timing and abundance of juvenile spring Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha and juvenile steelhead/rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss using rotary screw traps on four streams in the Grande Ronde River basin during the 2010 migratory year (MY 2010) from 1 February 2010 through 31 January 2011. We determined migration timing and abundance of juvenile spring chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha and juvenile steelhead/rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss using rotary screw traps on four streams in the Grande Ronde River basin during the 2010 migratory year (MY 2010) from 1 February 2010 through 31 January 2011. ODFW, Eastern Oregon Fish Research (EOFR) Close

• 23. [Article] Investigations Into The Early Life History Of Naturally Produced Spring Chinook Salmon and Summer Steelhead In The Grande Ronde River Subbasin - Annual Report 2011

  Abstract -- Project determined migration timing and abundance of juvenile spring Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha and juvenile steelhead/rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss using rotary screw traps ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Investigations Into The Early Life History Of Naturally Produced Spring Chinook Salmon and Summer Steelhead In The Grande Ronde River Subbasin - Annual Report 2011 Abstract -- Project determined migration timing and abundance of juvenile spring Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha and juvenile steelhead/rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss using rotary screw traps on four streams in the Grande Ronde River basin during the 2011 migratory year (MY 2011) from 1 February 2011 through 31 January 2012. We determined migration timing and abundance of juvenile spring Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha and juvenile steelhead/rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss using rotary screw traps on four streams in the Grande Ronde River basin during the 2011 migratory year (MY 2011) from 1 February 2011 through 31 January 2012. ODFW, Eastern Oregon Fish Research (EOFR) Title: Investigations Into The Early Life History Of Naturally Produced Spring Chinook Salmon and Summer Steelhead In The Grande Ronde River Subbasin - Annual Report 2011 Abstract -- Project determined migration timing and abundance of juvenile spring Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha and juvenile steelhead/rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss using rotary screw traps on four streams in the Grande Ronde River basin during the 2011 migratory year (MY 2011) from 1 February 2011 through 31 January 2012. We determined migration timing and abundance of juvenile spring Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha and juvenile steelhead/rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss using rotary screw traps on four streams in the Grande Ronde River basin during the 2011 migratory year (MY 2011) from 1 February 2011 through 31 January 2012. ODFW, Eastern Oregon Fish Research (EOFR) Close

• 24. [Article] Investigations Into The Early Life History Of Naturally Produced Spring Chinook Salmon and Summer Steelhead In The Grande Ronde River Subbasin - Annual Report 2012

  Abstract -- Project determined migration timing and abundance of juvenile spring Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha and juvenile steelhead/rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss using rotary screw traps ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Investigations Into The Early Life History Of Naturally Produced Spring Chinook Salmon and Summer Steelhead In The Grande Ronde River Subbasin - Annual Report 2012 Abstract -- Project determined migration timing and abundance of juvenile spring Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha and juvenile steelhead/rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss using rotary screw traps on four streams in the Grande Ronde River basin during the 2012 migratory year (MY 2012) from 1 February 2012 through 31 January 2013. We determined migration timing and abundance of juvenile spring Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha and juvenile steelhead/rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss using rotary screw traps on four streams in the Grande Ronde River basin during the 2012 migratory year (MY 2012) from 1 February 2012 through 31 January 2013. ODFW, Eastern Oregon Fish Research (EOFR) Title: Investigations Into The Early Life History Of Naturally Produced Spring Chinook Salmon and Summer Steelhead In The Grande Ronde River Subbasin - Annual Report 2012 Abstract -- Project determined migration timing and abundance of juvenile spring Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha and juvenile steelhead/rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss using rotary screw traps on four streams in the Grande Ronde River basin during the 2012 migratory year (MY 2012) from 1 February 2012 through 31 January 2013. We determined migration timing and abundance of juvenile spring Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha and juvenile steelhead/rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss using rotary screw traps on four streams in the Grande Ronde River basin during the 2012 migratory year (MY 2012) from 1 February 2012 through 31 January 2013. ODFW, Eastern Oregon Fish Research (EOFR) Close

• 25. [Article] Investigations Into The Early Life History Of Naturally Produced Spring Chinook Salmon and Summer Steelhead In The Grande Ronde River Subbasin - Annual Report 2013

  Abstract -- Project determined migration timing and abundance of juvenile spring Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha and juvenile steelhead/rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss using rotary screw traps ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Investigations Into The Early Life History Of Naturally Produced Spring Chinook Salmon and Summer Steelhead In The Grande Ronde River Subbasin - Annual Report 2013 Abstract -- Project determined migration timing and abundance of juvenile spring Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha and juvenile steelhead/rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss using rotary screw traps on four streams in the Grande Ronde River basin during the 2013 migratory year (MY 2013) from 1 February 2013 through 31 January 2014. We determined migration timing and abundance of juvenile spring Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha and juvenile steelhead/rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss using rotary screw traps on four streams in the Grande Ronde River basin during the 2013 migratory year (MY 2013) from 1 February 2013 through 31 January 2014. ODFW, Eastern Oregon Fish Research (EOFR) Title: Investigations Into The Early Life History Of Naturally Produced Spring Chinook Salmon and Summer Steelhead In The Grande Ronde River Subbasin - Annual Report 2013 Abstract -- Project determined migration timing and abundance of juvenile spring Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha and juvenile steelhead/rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss using rotary screw traps on four streams in the Grande Ronde River basin during the 2013 migratory year (MY 2013) from 1 February 2013 through 31 January 2014. We determined migration timing and abundance of juvenile spring Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha and juvenile steelhead/rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss using rotary screw traps on four streams in the Grande Ronde River basin during the 2013 migratory year (MY 2013) from 1 February 2013 through 31 January 2014. ODFW, Eastern Oregon Fish Research (EOFR) Close

• 26. [Article] Investigations Into The Early Life History Of Naturally Produced Spring Chinook Salmon and Summer Steelhead In The Grande Ronde River Subbasin - Annual Report 2014

  Abstract -- Project determined migration timing and abundance of juvenile spring Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha and juvenile steelhead/rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss using rotary screw traps ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Investigations Into The Early Life History Of Naturally Produced Spring Chinook Salmon and Summer Steelhead In The Grande Ronde River Subbasin - Annual Report 2014 Abstract -- Project determined migration timing and abundance of juvenile spring Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha and juvenile steelhead/rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss using rotary screw traps on four streams in the Grande Ronde River basin during the 2014 migratory year (MY 2014) from 1 February 2014 through 31 January 2015. We determined migration timing and abundance of juvenile spring Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha and juvenile steelhead/rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss using rotary screw traps on four streams in the Grande Ronde River basin during the 2014 migratory year (MY 2014) from 1 February 2014 through 31 January 2015. ODFW, Eastern Oregon Fish Research (EOFR) Title: Investigations Into The Early Life History Of Naturally Produced Spring Chinook Salmon and Summer Steelhead In The Grande Ronde River Subbasin - Annual Report 2014 Abstract -- Project determined migration timing and abundance of juvenile spring Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha and juvenile steelhead/rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss using rotary screw traps on four streams in the Grande Ronde River basin during the 2014 migratory year (MY 2014) from 1 February 2014 through 31 January 2015. We determined migration timing and abundance of juvenile spring Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha and juvenile steelhead/rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss using rotary screw traps on four streams in the Grande Ronde River basin during the 2014 migratory year (MY 2014) from 1 February 2014 through 31 January 2015. ODFW, Eastern Oregon Fish Research (EOFR) Close

• 27. [Article] Investigations Into The Early Life History Of Naturally Produced Spring Chinook Salmon and Summer Steelhead In The Grande Ronde River Subbasin - Annual Report 2015

  Abstract -- Project determined migration timing and abundance of juvenile spring Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha and juvenile steelhead/rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss using rotary screw traps ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Investigations Into The Early Life History Of Naturally Produced Spring Chinook Salmon and Summer Steelhead In The Grande Ronde River Subbasin - Annual Report 2015 Abstract -- Project determined migration timing and abundance of juvenile spring Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha and juvenile steelhead/rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss using rotary screw traps on four streams in the Grande Ronde River basin during the 2015 migratory year (MY 2015) from 1 February 2015 through 31 January 2016. We determined migration timing and abundance of juvenile spring Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha and juvenile steelhead/rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss using rotary screw traps on four streams in the Grande Ronde River basin during the 2015 migratory year (MY 2015) from 1 February 2015 through 31 January 2016. ODFW, Eastern Oregon Fish Research (EOFR) Title: Investigations Into The Early Life History Of Naturally Produced Spring Chinook Salmon and Summer Steelhead In The Grande Ronde River Subbasin - Annual Report 2015 Abstract -- Project determined migration timing and abundance of juvenile spring Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha and juvenile steelhead/rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss using rotary screw traps on four streams in the Grande Ronde River basin during the 2015 migratory year (MY 2015) from 1 February 2015 through 31 January 2016. We determined migration timing and abundance of juvenile spring Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha and juvenile steelhead/rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss using rotary screw traps on four streams in the Grande Ronde River basin during the 2015 migratory year (MY 2015) from 1 February 2015 through 31 January 2016. ODFW, Eastern Oregon Fish Research (EOFR) Close

• 28. [Article] Investigations Into The Early Life History Of Naturally Produced Spring Chinook Salmon and Summer Steelhead In The Grande Ronde River Subbasin - Annual Report 2016

  Abstract -- Project determined migration timing and abundance of juvenile spring Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha and juvenile steelhead/rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss using rotary screw traps ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Investigations Into The Early Life History Of Naturally Produced Spring Chinook Salmon and Summer Steelhead In The Grande Ronde River Subbasin - Annual Report 2016 Abstract -- Project determined migration timing and abundance of juvenile spring Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha and juvenile steelhead/rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss using rotary screw traps on four streams in the Grande Ronde River basin during the 2016 migratory year (MY 2016) from 1 February 2016 through 31 January 2017. We determined migration timing and abundance of juvenile spring Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha and juvenile steelhead/rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss using rotary screw traps on four streams in the Grande Ronde River basin during the 2015 migratory year (MY 2015) from 1 February 2015 through 31 January 2016. ODFW, Eastern Oregon Fish Research (EOFR) Title: Investigations Into The Early Life History Of Naturally Produced Spring Chinook Salmon and Summer Steelhead In The Grande Ronde River Subbasin - Annual Report 2016 Abstract -- Project determined migration timing and abundance of juvenile spring Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha and juvenile steelhead/rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss using rotary screw traps on four streams in the Grande Ronde River basin during the 2016 migratory year (MY 2016) from 1 February 2016 through 31 January 2017. We determined migration timing and abundance of juvenile spring Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha and juvenile steelhead/rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss using rotary screw traps on four streams in the Grande Ronde River basin during the 2015 migratory year (MY 2015) from 1 February 2015 through 31 January 2016. ODFW, Eastern Oregon Fish Research (EOFR) Close

• 29. [Article] Applegate Sub-basin Ecological Management Decision Support (EMDS) Analysis - Final Report

  Abstract -- This EMDS analysis uses causal processes to calculate the health of the Applegate watershed, based on stream sedimentation, fire risk, large wood delivery to streams, shade, channel morphology, ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Applegate Sub-basin Ecological Management Decision Support (EMDS) Analysis - Final Report Abstract -- This EMDS analysis uses causal processes to calculate the health of the Applegate watershed, based on stream sedimentation, fire risk, large wood delivery to streams, shade, channel morphology, flow, and fish migration. Title: Applegate Sub-basin Ecological Management Decision Support (EMDS) Analysis - Final Report Abstract -- This EMDS analysis uses causal processes to calculate the health of the Applegate watershed, based on stream sedimentation, fire risk, large wood delivery to streams, shade, channel morphology, flow, and fish migration. Close

• 30. [Article] Coastal Rivers Investigations, August 26 thru December 25, 1949

  Abstract -- none

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Coastal Rivers Investigations, August 26 thru December 25, 1949 Abstract -- none Title: Coastal Rivers Investigations, August 26 thru December 25, 1949 Abstract -- none Close

• 31. [Article] West Fork Smith River Catch Summary Data

  Abstract -- The Salmonid Life Cycle Monitoring Project of the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife (ODFW) has guided monitoring of juvenile and adult salmonid fishes (Oncorhynchus spp.) in the West Fork ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: West Fork Smith River Catch Summary Data Abstract -- The Salmonid Life Cycle Monitoring Project of the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife (ODFW) has guided monitoring of juvenile and adult salmonid fishes (Oncorhynchus spp.) in the West Fork Smith River (Umpqua basin) since 1998. These activities are coordinated under the Oregon Plan for Salmon and Watersheds and are part of a broader effort to monitor populations of salmonids in select Oregon coastal streams. Two objectives of this program are to estimate the abundance of returning adult salmonids and downstream-migrating juvenile salmonids, and estimate the marine and freshwater survival rates for coho salmon. This record provided catch summary reports from monitoring activities for the 2005-2006 run-year of returning adult fish and year 2006 out-migration of juvenile fish in the West Fork Smith River. Title: West Fork Smith River Catch Summary Data Abstract -- The Salmonid Life Cycle Monitoring Project of the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife (ODFW) has guided monitoring of juvenile and adult salmonid fishes (Oncorhynchus spp.) in the West Fork Smith River (Umpqua basin) since 1998. These activities are coordinated under the Oregon Plan for Salmon and Watersheds and are part of a broader effort to monitor populations of salmonids in select Oregon coastal streams. Two objectives of this program are to estimate the abundance of returning adult salmonids and downstream-migrating juvenile salmonids, and estimate the marine and freshwater survival rates for coho salmon. This record provided catch summary reports from monitoring activities for the 2005-2006 run-year of returning adult fish and year 2006 out-migration of juvenile fish in the West Fork Smith River. Close

• 32. [Article] Performance of Progeny From Steelhead and Rainbow Trout Crosses - Final Report 2009

  Abstract -- Many salmonids exhibit partial migration: the phenomenon of populations partitioned into migratory and non-migratory individuals (Jonsson and Jonsson 1993). Oncorhynchus mykiss exhibit a complex ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Performance of Progeny From Steelhead and Rainbow Trout Crosses - Final Report 2009 Abstract -- Many salmonids exhibit partial migration: the phenomenon of populations partitioned into migratory and non-migratory individuals (Jonsson and Jonsson 1993). Oncorhynchus mykiss exhibit a complex of life-history strategies ranging from residency in small headwater streams to anadromy involving migrations of hundreds of kilometers. In the Grande Ronde River basin of northeast Oregon, both resident and anadromous life-history forms coexist, and thus populations found there likely exhibit partial migration. Partial migration may have important consequences for anadromous species listed under the Endangered Species Act (ESA). The recent decline of summer steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss) populations in the lower Snake River has prompted their listing under the ESA. Declines in steelhead are potentially due to elevated mortality rates associated with anadromous migrations. If resident and anadromous life-history characteristics result from a phenotypically plastic trait (i.e. a genetic trait that is highly variable due to influences from environmental factors), then elevated mortality associated with the anadromous type may be shifting the populations towards residency. Further, although the anadromous expression of the trait may be declining, the trait would not necessarily be lost. Identification of the plasticity of these traits would then be important for the management of these populations. We investigated life history traits of O. mykiss with studies in both the hatchery and natural environment. We anticipated that these complimentary approaches would allow us to evaluate the relationship between the two life-history forms. They should further allow us to explore the feasibility of using hatcheries to produce anadromous progeny from resident parents if the number of anadromous life-history forms becomes severely depressed. The overall goal of this study was to determine the plasticity of life history forms, specifically the ability of resident adults to produce anadromous progeny. Lower Snake River Compensation Plan (LSRCP) ODFW- Eastern Oregon Fish Research (EOFR) Title: Performance of Progeny From Steelhead and Rainbow Trout Crosses - Final Report 2009 Abstract -- Many salmonids exhibit partial migration: the phenomenon of populations partitioned into migratory and non-migratory individuals (Jonsson and Jonsson 1993). Oncorhynchus mykiss exhibit a complex of life-history strategies ranging from residency in small headwater streams to anadromy involving migrations of hundreds of kilometers. In the Grande Ronde River basin of northeast Oregon, both resident and anadromous life-history forms coexist, and thus populations found there likely exhibit partial migration. Partial migration may have important consequences for anadromous species listed under the Endangered Species Act (ESA). The recent decline of summer steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss) populations in the lower Snake River has prompted their listing under the ESA. Declines in steelhead are potentially due to elevated mortality rates associated with anadromous migrations. If resident and anadromous life-history characteristics result from a phenotypically plastic trait (i.e. a genetic trait that is highly variable due to influences from environmental factors), then elevated mortality associated with the anadromous type may be shifting the populations towards residency. Further, although the anadromous expression of the trait may be declining, the trait would not necessarily be lost. Identification of the plasticity of these traits would then be important for the management of these populations. We investigated life history traits of O. mykiss with studies in both the hatchery and natural environment. We anticipated that these complimentary approaches would allow us to evaluate the relationship between the two life-history forms. They should further allow us to explore the feasibility of using hatcheries to produce anadromous progeny from resident parents if the number of anadromous life-history forms becomes severely depressed. The overall goal of this study was to determine the plasticity of life history forms, specifically the ability of resident adults to produce anadromous progeny. Lower Snake River Compensation Plan (LSRCP) ODFW- Eastern Oregon Fish Research (EOFR) Close

• 33. [Article] Life History Variability, Habitat Use, and Migratory Behavior of Coastal Cutthroat Trout in the Salmon River, Oregon Report Number: OPSW-ODFW-2012-10

  Abstract -- Coast basins in Oregon support resident and anadromous cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarki clarki). Cutthroat trout isolated above barriers are stream resident, but those with access to river, ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Life History Variability, Habitat Use, and Migratory Behavior of Coastal Cutthroat Trout in the Salmon River, Oregon Report Number: OPSW-ODFW-2012-10 Abstract -- Coast basins in Oregon support resident and anadromous cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarki clarki). Cutthroat trout isolated above barriers are stream resident, but those with access to river, estuary, and marine environments may express a variety of life history and migratory patterns. Past studies (e.g. Giger 1972, Sumner 1972, Tipping 1981) indicated that estuaries serve primarily as a migratory corridor or short-term rearing environment. However, recent advances in marking and tracking technology have permitted researchers to gain a better understanding of the complex migratory and habitat use patterns of cutthroat. Krentz (2007) conducted studies in Salmon River on the central Oregon coast to explore migratory patterns of cutthroat and examine the role of the estuary as a rearing environment. Coastal cutthroat trout reared for extended periods of time throughout the available channel habitats in Salmon River estuary (Krentz 2007) during spring, summer, and fall. The estuarine resident population appeared to represent a significant portion of the migratory individuals, and included all older age classes. Estuary growth was similar to that of their ocean migrant counterparts, and survival in the estuary was high. Because cutthroat were collected and marked primarily within the estuary (Krentz 2007), it is unclear what portion of the migrant population reared in the estuary relative to the watershed or ocean, or whether the tagged group was representative of the migratory populations. The current study was designed to track a representative sample of the downstream migrant population, and assess the relative success (survival) of the estuary and ocean migrants. Similar studies in the Columbia River documented directed and rapid migration through the estuary (Zydlewski et al. 2008, Hering et al. 2009). With rare exception, cutthroat trout were not observed to rear in the estuary. In addition, many fish disappeared before reaching the ocean and few of the ocean migrants returned to the natal tributary. In this study we replicated the study design used in the Columbia River studies to further comparisons of estuary migration and rearing strategies between the two estuaries. The primary objective of our work in the Salmon River was to increase understanding of coastal cutthroat trout biology and the relationship between stream-resident and migratory, or “sea-run” cutthroat. Here we use the term “sea-run” to indicate migration into the tidally-inundated, or estuarine portions of the Salmon River watershed or to the ocean. Study objectives were to: 1.Estimate the distribution and abundance of coastal cutthroat trout in the Salmon River watershed 2.Quantify the proportions of the cutthroat populations that are migratory, identify which individuals migrate and describe the timing of migration 3.Describe estuary habitats used by sea-run migrants and characterize behavior within the Salmon River estuary 4.Estimate growth rate of stream and estuary resident cutthroat 5.Estimate estuary and ocean survival of sea-run individuals and document return to estuary and lower river. 6.Compare migratory behavior in Salmon River to that observed in the lower Columbia River Title: Life History Variability, Habitat Use, and Migratory Behavior of Coastal Cutthroat Trout in the Salmon River, Oregon Report Number: OPSW-ODFW-2012-10 Abstract -- Coast basins in Oregon support resident and anadromous cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarki clarki). Cutthroat trout isolated above barriers are stream resident, but those with access to river, estuary, and marine environments may express a variety of life history and migratory patterns. Past studies (e.g. Giger 1972, Sumner 1972, Tipping 1981) indicated that estuaries serve primarily as a migratory corridor or short-term rearing environment. However, recent advances in marking and tracking technology have permitted researchers to gain a better understanding of the complex migratory and habitat use patterns of cutthroat. Krentz (2007) conducted studies in Salmon River on the central Oregon coast to explore migratory patterns of cutthroat and examine the role of the estuary as a rearing environment. Coastal cutthroat trout reared for extended periods of time throughout the available channel habitats in Salmon River estuary (Krentz 2007) during spring, summer, and fall. The estuarine resident population appeared to represent a significant portion of the migratory individuals, and included all older age classes. Estuary growth was similar to that of their ocean migrant counterparts, and survival in the estuary was high. Because cutthroat were collected and marked primarily within the estuary (Krentz 2007), it is unclear what portion of the migrant population reared in the estuary relative to the watershed or ocean, or whether the tagged group was representative of the migratory populations. The current study was designed to track a representative sample of the downstream migrant population, and assess the relative success (survival) of the estuary and ocean migrants. Similar studies in the Columbia River documented directed and rapid migration through the estuary (Zydlewski et al. 2008, Hering et al. 2009). With rare exception, cutthroat trout were not observed to rear in the estuary. In addition, many fish disappeared before reaching the ocean and few of the ocean migrants returned to the natal tributary. In this study we replicated the study design used in the Columbia River studies to further comparisons of estuary migration and rearing strategies between the two estuaries. The primary objective of our work in the Salmon River was to increase understanding of coastal cutthroat trout biology and the relationship between stream-resident and migratory, or “sea-run” cutthroat. Here we use the term “sea-run” to indicate migration into the tidally-inundated, or estuarine portions of the Salmon River watershed or to the ocean. Study objectives were to: 1.Estimate the distribution and abundance of coastal cutthroat trout in the Salmon River watershed 2.Quantify the proportions of the cutthroat populations that are migratory, identify which individuals migrate and describe the timing of migration 3.Describe estuary habitats used by sea-run migrants and characterize behavior within the Salmon River estuary 4.Estimate growth rate of stream and estuary resident cutthroat 5.Estimate estuary and ocean survival of sea-run individuals and document return to estuary and lower river. 6.Compare migratory behavior in Salmon River to that observed in the lower Columbia River Close

• 34. [Article] Abundance and life history characteristics of steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and Coho Salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) smolts in two direct ocean tributaries on the central Oregon coast, Information Report 2018-07

  Abstract -- In 1991, the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife (ODFW) began an intensive research study at Tenmile Creek on the central Oregon coast to evaluate the effects of a large wood addition on ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Abundance and life history characteristics of steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and Coho Salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) smolts in two direct ocean tributaries on the central Oregon coast, Information Report 2018-07 Abstract -- In 1991, the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife (ODFW) began an intensive research study at Tenmile Creek on the central Oregon coast to evaluate the effects of a large wood addition on juvenile salmonid populations. Nearby Cummins Creek served as a reference site. Annual monitoring of juvenile salmonid out-migrants began in 1992 at the two sites, continued through 2012 at Cummins Creek, and is ongoing at Tenmile Creek. These data offer an unusually long time-series of smolt abundance and life history characteristics for steelhead and Coho Salmon at monitoring sites located less than a kilometer from the point of ocean entry. Annual estimates of steelhead smolt abundance ranged from 740 to 3,236 smolts at Cummins Creek, and from 2,464 to 19,602 smolts at Tenmile Creek. For Coho Salmon, annual estimates ranged from 319 to 3,164 smolts at Cummins Creek, and from 1,637 to 11,553 smolts at Tenmile Creek. Steelhead smolt production at Tenmile Creek appeared to increase significantly relative to Cummins Creek following the large wood addition in 1996, but there was no evidence of a similar effect on Coho Salmon smolt production. Most steelhead smolts spent 2 years rearing in freshwater before out-migration, and we observed a higher proportion of age-1 smolts and lower proportion of age-3 smolts than several other studies in Oregon coastal streams. Coho Salmon smolt out-migrants were dominated by age-1 individuals at both sites, but there was evidence that some juvenile Coho Salmon out-migrated as age-0 smolts. Smolts of both species tended to be larger at Tenmile Creek than at Cummins Creek, and negative relationships between mean smolt size and smolt abundance suggest that rearing density may influence growth for juvenile salmonids in these streams. The median migration date of steelhead smolts was consistent over time and tracked closely between the two sites. Coho Salmon smolt out-migration timing was more variable and tended to be slightly later than for steelhead, particularly at Tenmile Creek. During peak migration, a high proportion of steelhead migrants classified as smolts based on length had body coloration consistent with smoltification. External signs of smoltification were not as prevalent among steelhead captured early in the season, particularly among smaller migrants. This long term out-migrant monitoring at the ocean entrance illustrates the variation that occurs in freshwater production and the patterns that occur in salmonid smolt life history but also shows that without spawner abundance data conclusions about freshwater production are limited. Title: Abundance and life history characteristics of steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and Coho Salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) smolts in two direct ocean tributaries on the central Oregon coast, Information Report 2018-07 Abstract -- In 1991, the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife (ODFW) began an intensive research study at Tenmile Creek on the central Oregon coast to evaluate the effects of a large wood addition on juvenile salmonid populations. Nearby Cummins Creek served as a reference site. Annual monitoring of juvenile salmonid out-migrants began in 1992 at the two sites, continued through 2012 at Cummins Creek, and is ongoing at Tenmile Creek. These data offer an unusually long time-series of smolt abundance and life history characteristics for steelhead and Coho Salmon at monitoring sites located less than a kilometer from the point of ocean entry. Annual estimates of steelhead smolt abundance ranged from 740 to 3,236 smolts at Cummins Creek, and from 2,464 to 19,602 smolts at Tenmile Creek. For Coho Salmon, annual estimates ranged from 319 to 3,164 smolts at Cummins Creek, and from 1,637 to 11,553 smolts at Tenmile Creek. Steelhead smolt production at Tenmile Creek appeared to increase significantly relative to Cummins Creek following the large wood addition in 1996, but there was no evidence of a similar effect on Coho Salmon smolt production. Most steelhead smolts spent 2 years rearing in freshwater before out-migration, and we observed a higher proportion of age-1 smolts and lower proportion of age-3 smolts than several other studies in Oregon coastal streams. Coho Salmon smolt out-migrants were dominated by age-1 individuals at both sites, but there was evidence that some juvenile Coho Salmon out-migrated as age-0 smolts. Smolts of both species tended to be larger at Tenmile Creek than at Cummins Creek, and negative relationships between mean smolt size and smolt abundance suggest that rearing density may influence growth for juvenile salmonids in these streams. The median migration date of steelhead smolts was consistent over time and tracked closely between the two sites. Coho Salmon smolt out-migration timing was more variable and tended to be slightly later than for steelhead, particularly at Tenmile Creek. During peak migration, a high proportion of steelhead migrants classified as smolts based on length had body coloration consistent with smoltification. External signs of smoltification were not as prevalent among steelhead captured early in the season, particularly among smaller migrants. This long term out-migrant monitoring at the ocean entrance illustrates the variation that occurs in freshwater production and the patterns that occur in salmonid smolt life history but also shows that without spawner abundance data conclusions about freshwater production are limited. Close

• 35. [Article] The Effect of Moderately Increased and Variable Raceway Flow Rates on Juvenile Physiology, Survival, and Adult Return of Hatchery-Reared Chinook Salmon

  Abstract -- Increasing hatchery raceway flow to a rate similar to that seen in nature exercises salmon in the expectation that improving swimming ability will result in better survival. However, insufficient ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The Effect of Moderately Increased and Variable Raceway Flow Rates on Juvenile Physiology, Survival, and Adult Return of Hatchery-Reared Chinook Salmon Abstract -- Increasing hatchery raceway flow to a rate similar to that seen in nature exercises salmon in the expectation that improving swimming ability will result in better survival. However, insufficient water prevents most hatcheries from fully simulating natural stream currents. We examined the effect of moderate and seasonally variable flow rates (0.25–0.75 body lengths/s) on growth and physiology of juvenile Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha and their ability to withstand acute stress, survive downstream migration, and return as adults. Changes in salmon growth, condition, and hematocrit followed similar patterns and did not substantially vary between treatments or cohorts. Patterns of change in plasma glucose levels were also similar for each treatment. Hepatosomatic index was higher in the 1994 cohort than in the 1995 cohort and in the exercised salmon. Liver glycogen levels were higher in the 1995 cohort. Plasma glucose and cortisol levels increased after stress and were greater in the control. Hematocrit decreased following stress but did not differ between cohorts or treatments. Hepatosomatic index decreased following stress and was higher in the 1994 cohort. Liver glycogen levels did not change following stress or between treatments but were greater in the 1995 cohort. Downstream survival did not vary between cohorts or treatments. Migration time did not vary between treatments, but the 1995 cohort migrated more quickly. Harvest and stray rates were very low and did not vary between cohorts or treatments. Hatchery return, total return, and total survival rates did not vary between treatments, but the 1995 cohort had greater survival. A greater percentage of the exercised salmon returned at age 3 than was the case for the control salmon. Our results provide little evidence that rearing Chinook salmon under a moderately increased and seasonally variable flow regime confers any benefit to the salmon over that derived from a steady, low flow rate. Lower Snake River Compensation Plan (LSRCP) ODFW- Eastern Oregon Fish Research (EOFR) Title: The Effect of Moderately Increased and Variable Raceway Flow Rates on Juvenile Physiology, Survival, and Adult Return of Hatchery-Reared Chinook Salmon Abstract -- Increasing hatchery raceway flow to a rate similar to that seen in nature exercises salmon in the expectation that improving swimming ability will result in better survival. However, insufficient water prevents most hatcheries from fully simulating natural stream currents. We examined the effect of moderate and seasonally variable flow rates (0.25–0.75 body lengths/s) on growth and physiology of juvenile Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha and their ability to withstand acute stress, survive downstream migration, and return as adults. Changes in salmon growth, condition, and hematocrit followed similar patterns and did not substantially vary between treatments or cohorts. Patterns of change in plasma glucose levels were also similar for each treatment. Hepatosomatic index was higher in the 1994 cohort than in the 1995 cohort and in the exercised salmon. Liver glycogen levels were higher in the 1995 cohort. Plasma glucose and cortisol levels increased after stress and were greater in the control. Hematocrit decreased following stress but did not differ between cohorts or treatments. Hepatosomatic index decreased following stress and was higher in the 1994 cohort. Liver glycogen levels did not change following stress or between treatments but were greater in the 1995 cohort. Downstream survival did not vary between cohorts or treatments. Migration time did not vary between treatments, but the 1995 cohort migrated more quickly. Harvest and stray rates were very low and did not vary between cohorts or treatments. Hatchery return, total return, and total survival rates did not vary between treatments, but the 1995 cohort had greater survival. A greater percentage of the exercised salmon returned at age 3 than was the case for the control salmon. Our results provide little evidence that rearing Chinook salmon under a moderately increased and seasonally variable flow regime confers any benefit to the salmon over that derived from a steady, low flow rate. Lower Snake River Compensation Plan (LSRCP) ODFW- Eastern Oregon Fish Research (EOFR) Close

• 36. [Article] Coho Life History in Tide Gated Lowland Streams 2014-2016_OWEB 214-2031

  Abstract -- Coos Watershed Association’s (CoosWA) coho life history in tide gated lowland coastal streams, a life cycle monitoring (LCM) project, adapts and advances a long-term monitoring study initiated ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Coho Life History in Tide Gated Lowland Streams 2014-2016_OWEB 214-2031 Abstract -- Coos Watershed Association’s (CoosWA) coho life history in tide gated lowland coastal streams, a life cycle monitoring (LCM) project, adapts and advances a long-term monitoring study initiated in 2004 to explicitly examine coho salmon abundance, survival, life histories and habitat use in tide gated coastal lowland streams. Evidence from this project and across the range of coho strongly indicates that connectivity in diverse and dynamic tidal habitats provides alternative rearing pathways critical for the sustainability and recovery of Oregon Coastal (OC) coho stocks. Specifically, this project reestablished innovative PIT tag mark recapture techniques to monitor coho movements and migrations. Temporal and spatial components of over-winter rearing strategies, in relation to habitat use and project effectiveness monitoring, is the focus in these paired study streams. Notably, monitoring was shifted to Willanch Creek from Larson Creek. Juvenile coho diet analyses revealed seasonal and diurnal variation in foraging strategies between early migrating sub-yearlings and yearling smolts across their range in estuarine habitats. These results reveal the fundamental mechanisms that promote increased juvenile coho growth and survival in the estuarine ecotone. In conjunction with prior and current data, results highlight the critical importance of these diverse habitats for recovering viable OC coho populations. Title: Coho Life History in Tide Gated Lowland Streams 2014-2016_OWEB 214-2031 Abstract -- Coos Watershed Association’s (CoosWA) coho life history in tide gated lowland coastal streams, a life cycle monitoring (LCM) project, adapts and advances a long-term monitoring study initiated in 2004 to explicitly examine coho salmon abundance, survival, life histories and habitat use in tide gated coastal lowland streams. Evidence from this project and across the range of coho strongly indicates that connectivity in diverse and dynamic tidal habitats provides alternative rearing pathways critical for the sustainability and recovery of Oregon Coastal (OC) coho stocks. Specifically, this project reestablished innovative PIT tag mark recapture techniques to monitor coho movements and migrations. Temporal and spatial components of over-winter rearing strategies, in relation to habitat use and project effectiveness monitoring, is the focus in these paired study streams. Notably, monitoring was shifted to Willanch Creek from Larson Creek. Juvenile coho diet analyses revealed seasonal and diurnal variation in foraging strategies between early migrating sub-yearlings and yearling smolts across their range in estuarine habitats. These results reveal the fundamental mechanisms that promote increased juvenile coho growth and survival in the estuarine ecotone. In conjunction with prior and current data, results highlight the critical importance of these diverse habitats for recovering viable OC coho populations. Close

• 37. [Article] Using Calibrated Index Surveys to Estimate Chinook Spawner Escapement into the Salmon River, Oregon Information Report number 2012-01

  Abstract -- The Pacific Salmon Commission has designated the Salmon River hatchery stock of fall Chinook as an Exploitation Rate Indicator Stock (ERIS) for all 16 naturally produced stocks of fall Chinook ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Using Calibrated Index Surveys to Estimate Chinook Spawner Escapement into the Salmon River, Oregon Information Report number 2012-01 Abstract -- The Pacific Salmon Commission has designated the Salmon River hatchery stock of fall Chinook as an Exploitation Rate Indicator Stock (ERIS) for all 16 naturally produced stocks of fall Chinook on Oregon’s north coast. The Pacific Salmon Treaty (PST) specifies the necessity of these stocks to model the effects of mixed stock fisheries on wild Chinook salmon. The ocean migration patterns and catch rates of this stock are thought to closely resemble Oregon’s north migrating Chinook from coastal basins ranging from the Necanicum River in the north to the Siuslaw River in the south. A relatively long and continuous history of mark and recapture experiments with corresponding extensive spawning ground surveys and harvest estimates from a fresh water creel, serves as the foundation for a predictive model of spawner abundance. Peak counts from two spawning ground surveys were identified as an index that strongly correlates with relatively precise abundance estimates derived from a Peterson two event mark-recapture model. Index surveys are less labor intensive than previous mark-recapture activities, and evidence suggests they are an efficient and cost effective method to estimate spawner abundance. Title: Using Calibrated Index Surveys to Estimate Chinook Spawner Escapement into the Salmon River, Oregon Information Report number 2012-01 Abstract -- The Pacific Salmon Commission has designated the Salmon River hatchery stock of fall Chinook as an Exploitation Rate Indicator Stock (ERIS) for all 16 naturally produced stocks of fall Chinook on Oregon’s north coast. The Pacific Salmon Treaty (PST) specifies the necessity of these stocks to model the effects of mixed stock fisheries on wild Chinook salmon. The ocean migration patterns and catch rates of this stock are thought to closely resemble Oregon’s north migrating Chinook from coastal basins ranging from the Necanicum River in the north to the Siuslaw River in the south. A relatively long and continuous history of mark and recapture experiments with corresponding extensive spawning ground surveys and harvest estimates from a fresh water creel, serves as the foundation for a predictive model of spawner abundance. Peak counts from two spawning ground surveys were identified as an index that strongly correlates with relatively precise abundance estimates derived from a Peterson two event mark-recapture model. Index surveys are less labor intensive than previous mark-recapture activities, and evidence suggests they are an efficient and cost effective method to estimate spawner abundance. Close

• 38. [Article] Hood River Bull Trout Abundance, Life History, and Habitat Connectivity, 2007 Progress Reports 2007

  Abstract -- Hood River bull trout are thought to exist as two independent reproductive units (USFWS 2004), known as local populations (Rieman and McIntyre 1995). The Clear Branch local population is isolated ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Hood River Bull Trout Abundance, Life History, and Habitat Connectivity, 2007 Progress Reports 2007 Abstract -- Hood River bull trout are thought to exist as two independent reproductive units (USFWS 2004), known as local populations (Rieman and McIntyre 1995). The Clear Branch local population is isolated above Clear Branch Dam, which provides limited downstream fish passage during infrequent and sporadic periods of spill and no upstream passage. Bull trout in this population inhabit Laurance Lake Reservoir and tributaries upstream of Clear Branch Dam. The Hood River local population occurs in the mainstem Hood River and Middle Fork Hood River downstream of the Clear Branch Dam and a small number of adult bull trout migrate each year into the Hood River from the Columbia River (Figure 1). The status of both populations is extremely precarious. The Clear Branch population is at risk of a random extinction event due to low numbers, negative interactions with non-native smallmouth bass, isolation and limited spawning habitat (USFWS, 1998). The Hood River population also appears to be small and is threatened by passage barriers, unscreened irrigation systems, impaired water quality and periodic siltation of spawning substrate by glacial outbursts. Clear Branch bull trout spawn in Clear Branch and Pinnacle Creek. After rearing in these two natal streams for an unknown time period, most are believed to migrate downstream to Laurance Lake Reservoir. Clear Branch bull trout have been documented passing over the dam spillway during high water events (Pribyl et al. 1996) and may provide a recruitment source for the Hood River local population. Adult bull trout tagged at Powerdale Dam have been observed at Coe Branch irrigation diversion and in a trap at the base of Clear Branch dam. These fish may have been attempting to reach spawning areas located upstream of the dam. However, the success of bull trout migrating downstream via the spillway or the possibility of successfully navigating through the diversion network has never been determined. Depending on the water year, the Middle Fork Irrigation District (MFID) may not spill at all, or the timing of the spill may not coincide with the timing of downstream migration, which is currently unknown (East Fork Hood River and Middle Fork Hood River Watershed analysis). Smallmouth bass were discovered in Lake Laurance Reservoir in the 1990s. Creel surveys have shown that large adult bass are caught occasionally in the reservoir and schools of bass fry have been seen by district fish biologist (Rod French, ODFW, personal communication), suggesting that they are spawning successfully. This illegal introduction poses a potential threat to the Clear Branch bull trout population, but its magnitude is unknown because the bass population size and degree of interaction between the two species are unknown. Bull trout and smallmouth bass have significantly different temperature preferences and tolerances, with bull trout being one of the most sensitive coldwater species and bass being a warm water species. Lake Laurance, a relatively high-altitude reservoir at 890 m (2,920 feet), does not provide ideal bass habitat so these two species may have largely non-overlapping distributions or differing activity periods (Terry Shrader, ODFW warmwater fish biologist, personal communication). However, based on past reservoir temperature data (Berger et al. 2005), there are periods in the reservoir when there is potential for bull trout and bass interaction: periods when bull trout are susceptible to bass predation and when juvenile fish might compete for resources. Spawning activity of the Hood River local population has been observed in a few locations within the Middle Fork of Hood River (Figure 1). Although consistent and extensive spawning areas for this population are not known, some of the locations where juvenile rearing or potential bull trout redds have been observed include the Middle Fork Hood River and some of its tributaries: Bear Creek, Compass Creek and Coe Branch (USFWS 2004). However, Coe Branch, Compass Creek, and the Middle Fork are glacial streams with a high volume of sand and silt which may compromise spawning success. No bull trout spawning or rearing has been observed on the East and West Forks of Hood River. The Middle Fork and mainstem Hood River provide foraging, migration and overwintering habitat. Hood River bull trout are also known to migrate into the Columbia River. Two bull trout tagged at Powerdale Dam (RK 7.2 of mainstem Hood River) were recovered near Drano Lake in Washington State; and one was captured 11 kilometers downstream of the confluence of the Hood and Columbia Rivers (USFWS 2004). Every year (usually between May and July), adult bull trout, presumably migrating upstream from the Columbia River, are captured and anchor tagged at Powerdale Dam. Although some of these tagged fish have been observed upstream (one in Coe Branch and three below Clear Branch dam), the spawning destination of fluvial adults within the Hood River basin is largely unknown. Dispersing juvenile bull trout and migrating adults in this local population are threatened by flow diversions with inadequate screening and passage facilities. Several structures are suspected to impede upstream migration or entrain juvenile and adult bull trout into irrigation works (Pribyl et al. 1996, HRWG 1999). These structures include: the diversion at Clear Branch Dam (passage and screening), Coe Branch (passage and screening), and the Farmers Irrigation District diversion (screening) on the mainstem Hood River (HRWG 1999). However, little research has been conducted to assess the impacts of these structures on migrating bull trout. Beyond a general knowledge of the distribution of Hood River bull trout and the nature of anthropogenic factors that potentially restrict their life history and habitat connectivity, little is known about this recovery unit. Baseline information about adult abundance is lacking for both local populations, the potential of a source (Clear Branch) and sink (Hood River) relationship between the two local populations has not been explored, and the migratory life history of adult fish caught at Powerdale Dam is unknown. The degree to which irrigation and hydropower diversions hamper connectivity within the Hood River basin is also poorly understood. Migratory life histories have been viewed as key to species persistence (Rieman and McIntyre 1995; Dunham and Rieman 1999), and understanding movement patterns and associated habitat requirements are critical to maintaining those migratory forms (Muhlfeld and Morotz 2005; Hostettler 2005). Gaining this information is also critical to evaluating bull trout recovery in the Hood River Subbasin (Coccoli 2004). The Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife (ODFW) initiated a study in 2006 to improve our understanding of the abundance, life history, and potential limiting factors of the bull trout in this recovery unit. This report describes findings for the first two years of the study (2006-2007). Specific study objectives for the first two years were: 1. Determine the migratory life history of Hood River bull trout and assess the potential impacts of flow diversions and two new falls on the Middle Fork Hood River (scoured by the November 2006 glacial outburst) on bull trout migrations. 2. Determine current distribution of bull trout reproduction and early rearing in historical and potential bull trout streams in the Hood River Subbasin. 3. Determine the juvenile and adult life history the Clear Branch local population and develop a statistically reliable and cost-effective protocol for monitoring the abundance of adult Clear Branch bull trout. 4. Assess the potential impact of smallmouth bass on bull trout in Laurance Lake Reservoir. Title: Hood River Bull Trout Abundance, Life History, and Habitat Connectivity, 2007 Progress Reports 2007 Abstract -- Hood River bull trout are thought to exist as two independent reproductive units (USFWS 2004), known as local populations (Rieman and McIntyre 1995). The Clear Branch local population is isolated above Clear Branch Dam, which provides limited downstream fish passage during infrequent and sporadic periods of spill and no upstream passage. Bull trout in this population inhabit Laurance Lake Reservoir and tributaries upstream of Clear Branch Dam. The Hood River local population occurs in the mainstem Hood River and Middle Fork Hood River downstream of the Clear Branch Dam and a small number of adult bull trout migrate each year into the Hood River from the Columbia River (Figure 1). The status of both populations is extremely precarious. The Clear Branch population is at risk of a random extinction event due to low numbers, negative interactions with non-native smallmouth bass, isolation and limited spawning habitat (USFWS, 1998). The Hood River population also appears to be small and is threatened by passage barriers, unscreened irrigation systems, impaired water quality and periodic siltation of spawning substrate by glacial outbursts. Clear Branch bull trout spawn in Clear Branch and Pinnacle Creek. After rearing in these two natal streams for an unknown time period, most are believed to migrate downstream to Laurance Lake Reservoir. Clear Branch bull trout have been documented passing over the dam spillway during high water events (Pribyl et al. 1996) and may provide a recruitment source for the Hood River local population. Adult bull trout tagged at Powerdale Dam have been observed at Coe Branch irrigation diversion and in a trap at the base of Clear Branch dam. These fish may have been attempting to reach spawning areas located upstream of the dam. However, the success of bull trout migrating downstream via the spillway or the possibility of successfully navigating through the diversion network has never been determined. Depending on the water year, the Middle Fork Irrigation District (MFID) may not spill at all, or the timing of the spill may not coincide with the timing of downstream migration, which is currently unknown (East Fork Hood River and Middle Fork Hood River Watershed analysis). Smallmouth bass were discovered in Lake Laurance Reservoir in the 1990s. Creel surveys have shown that large adult bass are caught occasionally in the reservoir and schools of bass fry have been seen by district fish biologist (Rod French, ODFW, personal communication), suggesting that they are spawning successfully. This illegal introduction poses a potential threat to the Clear Branch bull trout population, but its magnitude is unknown because the bass population size and degree of interaction between the two species are unknown. Bull trout and smallmouth bass have significantly different temperature preferences and tolerances, with bull trout being one of the most sensitive coldwater species and bass being a warm water species. Lake Laurance, a relatively high-altitude reservoir at 890 m (2,920 feet), does not provide ideal bass habitat so these two species may have largely non-overlapping distributions or differing activity periods (Terry Shrader, ODFW warmwater fish biologist, personal communication). However, based on past reservoir temperature data (Berger et al. 2005), there are periods in the reservoir when there is potential for bull trout and bass interaction: periods when bull trout are susceptible to bass predation and when juvenile fish might compete for resources. Spawning activity of the Hood River local population has been observed in a few locations within the Middle Fork of Hood River (Figure 1). Although consistent and extensive spawning areas for this population are not known, some of the locations where juvenile rearing or potential bull trout redds have been observed include the Middle Fork Hood River and some of its tributaries: Bear Creek, Compass Creek and Coe Branch (USFWS 2004). However, Coe Branch, Compass Creek, and the Middle Fork are glacial streams with a high volume of sand and silt which may compromise spawning success. No bull trout spawning or rearing has been observed on the East and West Forks of Hood River. The Middle Fork and mainstem Hood River provide foraging, migration and overwintering habitat. Hood River bull trout are also known to migrate into the Columbia River. Two bull trout tagged at Powerdale Dam (RK 7.2 of mainstem Hood River) were recovered near Drano Lake in Washington State; and one was captured 11 kilometers downstream of the confluence of the Hood and Columbia Rivers (USFWS 2004). Every year (usually between May and July), adult bull trout, presumably migrating upstream from the Columbia River, are captured and anchor tagged at Powerdale Dam. Although some of these tagged fish have been observed upstream (one in Coe Branch and three below Clear Branch dam), the spawning destination of fluvial adults within the Hood River basin is largely unknown. Dispersing juvenile bull trout and migrating adults in this local population are threatened by flow diversions with inadequate screening and passage facilities. Several structures are suspected to impede upstream migration or entrain juvenile and adult bull trout into irrigation works (Pribyl et al. 1996, HRWG 1999). These structures include: the diversion at Clear Branch Dam (passage and screening), Coe Branch (passage and screening), and the Farmers Irrigation District diversion (screening) on the mainstem Hood River (HRWG 1999). However, little research has been conducted to assess the impacts of these structures on migrating bull trout. Beyond a general knowledge of the distribution of Hood River bull trout and the nature of anthropogenic factors that potentially restrict their life history and habitat connectivity, little is known about this recovery unit. Baseline information about adult abundance is lacking for both local populations, the potential of a source (Clear Branch) and sink (Hood River) relationship between the two local populations has not been explored, and the migratory life history of adult fish caught at Powerdale Dam is unknown. The degree to which irrigation and hydropower diversions hamper connectivity within the Hood River basin is also poorly understood. Migratory life histories have been viewed as key to species persistence (Rieman and McIntyre 1995; Dunham and Rieman 1999), and understanding movement patterns and associated habitat requirements are critical to maintaining those migratory forms (Muhlfeld and Morotz 2005; Hostettler 2005). Gaining this information is also critical to evaluating bull trout recovery in the Hood River Subbasin (Coccoli 2004). The Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife (ODFW) initiated a study in 2006 to improve our understanding of the abundance, life history, and potential limiting factors of the bull trout in this recovery unit. This report describes findings for the first two years of the study (2006-2007). Specific study objectives for the first two years were: 1. Determine the migratory life history of Hood River bull trout and assess the potential impacts of flow diversions and two new falls on the Middle Fork Hood River (scoured by the November 2006 glacial outburst) on bull trout migrations. 2. Determine current distribution of bull trout reproduction and early rearing in historical and potential bull trout streams in the Hood River Subbasin. 3. Determine the juvenile and adult life history the Clear Branch local population and develop a statistically reliable and cost-effective protocol for monitoring the abundance of adult Clear Branch bull trout. 4. Assess the potential impact of smallmouth bass on bull trout in Laurance Lake Reservoir. Close

• 39. [Article] Netarts Watershed Assessment

  Abstract -- This watershed assessment includes information on channel habitat types, fish distribution and abundance, fish introductions, fish habitat, migration barriers, historic and current channel ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Netarts Watershed Assessment Abstract -- This watershed assessment includes information on channel habitat types, fish distribution and abundance, fish introductions, fish habitat, migration barriers, historic and current channel modifications, sediment, riparian characteristics including large woody debris, stream shading, water temperature, and water quality. The assessment also contains information on water use, hydrology, and contains a watershed condition synthesis. Title: Netarts Watershed Assessment Abstract -- This watershed assessment includes information on channel habitat types, fish distribution and abundance, fish introductions, fish habitat, migration barriers, historic and current channel modifications, sediment, riparian characteristics including large woody debris, stream shading, water temperature, and water quality. The assessment also contains information on water use, hydrology, and contains a watershed condition synthesis. Close

• 40. [Article] Little Sheep Creek, Imnaha River Subbasin, Rotary Screw Trap Data - Migratory Year 2016

  Abstract -- Field data from Little Sheep Creek, Imnaha River Subbasin (northeast Oregon)for a project designed to collect tissue samples from and enumerate summer steelhead outmigrants for an ongoing study ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Little Sheep Creek, Imnaha River Subbasin, Rotary Screw Trap Data - Migratory Year 2016 Abstract -- Field data from Little Sheep Creek, Imnaha River Subbasin (northeast Oregon)for a project designed to collect tissue samples from and enumerate summer steelhead outmigrants for an ongoing study of the relative reproductive success (RRS) of natural and hatchery origin summer steelhead adults released to spawn in the wild. Title: Little Sheep Creek, Imnaha River Subbasin, Rotary Screw Trap Data - Migratory Year 2016 Abstract -- Field data from Little Sheep Creek, Imnaha River Subbasin (northeast Oregon)for a project designed to collect tissue samples from and enumerate summer steelhead outmigrants for an ongoing study of the relative reproductive success (RRS) of natural and hatchery origin summer steelhead adults released to spawn in the wild. Close

• 41. [Article] Migratory Patterns, Structure, Abundance, and Status of Bull Trout Populations from Subbasins in the Columbia Plateau and Blue Mountain Provinces, 2005 Annual Report

  Abstract -- Methods of estimating the abundance of adult bull trout, migration and temperature patterns of adult bull trout in the Lostine River, seasonal movements of subadult fluvial bull trout in Mill ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Migratory Patterns, Structure, Abundance, and Status of Bull Trout Populations from Subbasins in the Columbia Plateau and Blue Mountain Provinces, 2005 Annual Report Abstract -- Methods of estimating the abundance of adult bull trout, migration and temperature patterns of adult bull trout in the Lostine River, seasonal movements of subadult fluvial bull trout in Mill Creek, spatial distribution of bull trout Redds in the John Day basin and evaluation of various statistical sampling designs, analysis and synthesis of project results, life history of Mill Creek fluvial bull trout using PIT tags and cohort analysis. Title: Migratory Patterns, Structure, Abundance, and Status of Bull Trout Populations from Subbasins in the Columbia Plateau and Blue Mountain Provinces, 2005 Annual Report Abstract -- Methods of estimating the abundance of adult bull trout, migration and temperature patterns of adult bull trout in the Lostine River, seasonal movements of subadult fluvial bull trout in Mill Creek, spatial distribution of bull trout Redds in the John Day basin and evaluation of various statistical sampling designs, analysis and synthesis of project results, life history of Mill Creek fluvial bull trout using PIT tags and cohort analysis. Close

• 42. [Article] Investigations Into The Life History Of Naturally Produced Spring Chinook Salmon and Summer Steelhead In The Grande Ronde River Subbasin - BPA Annual Report 2012

  Abstract -- The goal of this project is to investigate the critical habitat, abundance, migration patterns, survival, and alternate life history strategies exhibited by spring Chinook salmon and summer ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Investigations Into The Life History Of Naturally Produced Spring Chinook Salmon and Summer Steelhead In The Grande Ronde River Subbasin - BPA Annual Report 2012 Abstract -- The goal of this project is to investigate the critical habitat, abundance, migration patterns, survival, and alternate life history strategies exhibited by spring Chinook salmon and summer steelhead juveniles from distinct populations in the Grande Ronde River and Imnaha River subbasins. This project will provide information on abundance of spring Chinook salmon and steelhead parr and estimates for egg-to-migrant survival for spring Chinook salmon and migrant survival for steelhead, and assess stream conditions in selected study streams. This study provides a means for long term monitoring of juvenile salmonid production in the Grande Ronde and Imnaha River subbasins that is essential for assessing the success of restoration and enhancement efforts including hatchery supplementation and habitat improvement. As hatchery supplementation of spring Chinook salmon continues in the Grande Ronde Subbasin, we will monitor abundance of migrants, life history characteristics, and survival to various life stages to provide data to the Lower Snake River Compensation Plan - Oregon Evaluation project to determine the effectiveness of this management action. ODFW, Eastern Oregon Fish Research (EOFR) Title: Investigations Into The Life History Of Naturally Produced Spring Chinook Salmon and Summer Steelhead In The Grande Ronde River Subbasin - BPA Annual Report 2012 Abstract -- The goal of this project is to investigate the critical habitat, abundance, migration patterns, survival, and alternate life history strategies exhibited by spring Chinook salmon and summer steelhead juveniles from distinct populations in the Grande Ronde River and Imnaha River subbasins. This project will provide information on abundance of spring Chinook salmon and steelhead parr and estimates for egg-to-migrant survival for spring Chinook salmon and migrant survival for steelhead, and assess stream conditions in selected study streams. This study provides a means for long term monitoring of juvenile salmonid production in the Grande Ronde and Imnaha River subbasins that is essential for assessing the success of restoration and enhancement efforts including hatchery supplementation and habitat improvement. As hatchery supplementation of spring Chinook salmon continues in the Grande Ronde Subbasin, we will monitor abundance of migrants, life history characteristics, and survival to various life stages to provide data to the Lower Snake River Compensation Plan - Oregon Evaluation project to determine the effectiveness of this management action. ODFW, Eastern Oregon Fish Research (EOFR) Close

• 43. [Article] Investigations Into The Life History Of Naturally Produced Spring Chinook Salmon and Summer Steelhead In The Grande Ronde River Subbasin - BPA Annual Report 2013

  Abstract -- The goal of this project is to investigate the critical habitat, abundance, migration patterns, survival, and alternate life history strategies exhibited by spring Chinook salmon and summer ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Investigations Into The Life History Of Naturally Produced Spring Chinook Salmon and Summer Steelhead In The Grande Ronde River Subbasin - BPA Annual Report 2013 Abstract -- The goal of this project is to investigate the critical habitat, abundance, migration patterns, survival, and alternate life history strategies exhibited by spring Chinook salmon and summer steelhead juveniles from distinct populations in the Grande Ronde River and Imnaha River subbasins. This project will provide information on abundance of spring Chinook salmon and steelhead parr and estimates for egg-to-migrant survival for spring Chinook salmon and migrant survival for steelhead, and assess stream conditions in selected study streams. This study provides a means for long term monitoring of juvenile salmonid production in the Grande Ronde and Imnaha River subbasins that is essential for assessing the success of restoration and enhancement efforts including hatchery supplementation and habitat improvement. As hatchery supplementation of spring Chinook salmon continues in the Grande Ronde Subbasin, we will monitor abundance of migrants, life history characteristics, and survival to various life stages to provide data to the Lower Snake River Compensation Plan - Oregon Evaluation project to determine the effectiveness of this management action. ODFW, Eastern Oregon Fish Research (EOFR) Title: Investigations Into The Life History Of Naturally Produced Spring Chinook Salmon and Summer Steelhead In The Grande Ronde River Subbasin - BPA Annual Report 2013 Abstract -- The goal of this project is to investigate the critical habitat, abundance, migration patterns, survival, and alternate life history strategies exhibited by spring Chinook salmon and summer steelhead juveniles from distinct populations in the Grande Ronde River and Imnaha River subbasins. This project will provide information on abundance of spring Chinook salmon and steelhead parr and estimates for egg-to-migrant survival for spring Chinook salmon and migrant survival for steelhead, and assess stream conditions in selected study streams. This study provides a means for long term monitoring of juvenile salmonid production in the Grande Ronde and Imnaha River subbasins that is essential for assessing the success of restoration and enhancement efforts including hatchery supplementation and habitat improvement. As hatchery supplementation of spring Chinook salmon continues in the Grande Ronde Subbasin, we will monitor abundance of migrants, life history characteristics, and survival to various life stages to provide data to the Lower Snake River Compensation Plan - Oregon Evaluation project to determine the effectiveness of this management action. ODFW, Eastern Oregon Fish Research (EOFR) Close

• 44. [Article] Investigations Into The Life History Of Naturally Produced Spring Chinook Salmon and Summer Steelhead In The Grande Ronde River Subbasin - BPA Annual Report 2014

  Abstract -- The goal of this project is to investigate the critical habitat, abundance, migration patterns, survival, and alternate life history strategies exhibited by spring Chinook salmon and summer ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Investigations Into The Life History Of Naturally Produced Spring Chinook Salmon and Summer Steelhead In The Grande Ronde River Subbasin - BPA Annual Report 2014 Abstract -- The goal of this project is to investigate the critical habitat, abundance, migration patterns, survival, and alternate life history strategies exhibited by spring Chinook salmon and summer steelhead juveniles from distinct populations in the Grande Ronde River and Imnaha River subbasins. This project will provide information on abundance of spring Chinook salmon and steelhead parr and estimates for egg-to-migrant survival for spring Chinook salmon and migrant survival for steelhead, and assess stream conditions in selected study streams. This study provides a means for long term monitoring of juvenile salmonid production in the Grande Ronde and Imnaha River subbasins that is essential for assessing the success of restoration and enhancement efforts including hatchery supplementation and habitat improvement. As hatchery supplementation of spring Chinook salmon continues in the Grande Ronde Subbasin, we will monitor abundance of migrants, life history characteristics, and survival to various life stages to provide data to the Lower Snake River Compensation Plan - Oregon Evaluation project to determine the effectiveness of this management action. ODFW, Eastern Oregon Fish Research (EOFR) Title: Investigations Into The Life History Of Naturally Produced Spring Chinook Salmon and Summer Steelhead In The Grande Ronde River Subbasin - BPA Annual Report 2014 Abstract -- The goal of this project is to investigate the critical habitat, abundance, migration patterns, survival, and alternate life history strategies exhibited by spring Chinook salmon and summer steelhead juveniles from distinct populations in the Grande Ronde River and Imnaha River subbasins. This project will provide information on abundance of spring Chinook salmon and steelhead parr and estimates for egg-to-migrant survival for spring Chinook salmon and migrant survival for steelhead, and assess stream conditions in selected study streams. This study provides a means for long term monitoring of juvenile salmonid production in the Grande Ronde and Imnaha River subbasins that is essential for assessing the success of restoration and enhancement efforts including hatchery supplementation and habitat improvement. As hatchery supplementation of spring Chinook salmon continues in the Grande Ronde Subbasin, we will monitor abundance of migrants, life history characteristics, and survival to various life stages to provide data to the Lower Snake River Compensation Plan - Oregon Evaluation project to determine the effectiveness of this management action. ODFW, Eastern Oregon Fish Research (EOFR) Close

• 45. [Article] Investigations Into The Life History Of Naturally Produced Spring Chinook Salmon and Summer Steelhead In The Grande Ronde River Subbasin - BPA Annual Report 2015

  Abstract -- The goal of this project is to investigate the critical habitat, abundance, migration patterns, survival, and alternate life history strategies exhibited by spring Chinook salmon and summer ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Investigations Into The Life History Of Naturally Produced Spring Chinook Salmon and Summer Steelhead In The Grande Ronde River Subbasin - BPA Annual Report 2015 Abstract -- The goal of this project is to investigate the critical habitat, abundance, migration patterns, survival, and alternate life history strategies exhibited by spring Chinook salmon and summer steelhead juveniles from distinct populations in the Grande Ronde River and Imnaha River subbasins. This project will provide information on abundance of spring Chinook salmon and steelhead parr and estimates for egg-to-migrant survival for spring Chinook salmon and migrant survival for steelhead, and assess stream conditions in selected study streams. This study provides a means for long term monitoring of juvenile salmonid production in the Grande Ronde and Imnaha River subbasins that is essential for assessing the success of restoration and enhancement efforts including hatchery supplementation and habitat improvement. As hatchery supplementation of spring Chinook salmon continues in the Grande Ronde Subbasin, we will monitor abundance of migrants, life history characteristics, and survival to various life stages to provide data to the Lower Snake River Compensation Plan - Oregon Evaluation project to determine the effectiveness of this management action. ODFW, Eastern Oregon Fish Research (EOFR) Title: Investigations Into The Life History Of Naturally Produced Spring Chinook Salmon and Summer Steelhead In The Grande Ronde River Subbasin - BPA Annual Report 2015 Abstract -- The goal of this project is to investigate the critical habitat, abundance, migration patterns, survival, and alternate life history strategies exhibited by spring Chinook salmon and summer steelhead juveniles from distinct populations in the Grande Ronde River and Imnaha River subbasins. This project will provide information on abundance of spring Chinook salmon and steelhead parr and estimates for egg-to-migrant survival for spring Chinook salmon and migrant survival for steelhead, and assess stream conditions in selected study streams. This study provides a means for long term monitoring of juvenile salmonid production in the Grande Ronde and Imnaha River subbasins that is essential for assessing the success of restoration and enhancement efforts including hatchery supplementation and habitat improvement. As hatchery supplementation of spring Chinook salmon continues in the Grande Ronde Subbasin, we will monitor abundance of migrants, life history characteristics, and survival to various life stages to provide data to the Lower Snake River Compensation Plan - Oregon Evaluation project to determine the effectiveness of this management action. ODFW, Eastern Oregon Fish Research (EOFR) Close

• 46. [Article] Investigations Into The Life History Of Naturally Produced Spring Chinook Salmon and Summer Steelhead In The Grande Ronde River Subbasin - BPA Annual Report 2016

  Abstract -- The goal of this project is to investigate the critical habitat, abundance, migration patterns, survival, and alternate life history strategies exhibited by spring Chinook salmon and summer ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Investigations Into The Life History Of Naturally Produced Spring Chinook Salmon and Summer Steelhead In The Grande Ronde River Subbasin - BPA Annual Report 2016 Abstract -- The goal of this project is to investigate the critical habitat, abundance, migration patterns, survival, and alternate life history strategies exhibited by spring Chinook salmon and summer steelhead juveniles from distinct populations in the Grande Ronde River and Imnaha River subbasins. This project will provide information on abundance of spring Chinook salmon and steelhead parr and estimates for egg-to-migrant survival for spring Chinook salmon and migrant survival for steelhead, and assess stream conditions in selected study streams. This study provides a means for long term monitoring of juvenile salmonid production in the Grande Ronde and Imnaha River subbasins that is essential for assessing the success of restoration and enhancement efforts including hatchery supplementation and habitat improvement. As hatchery supplementation of spring Chinook salmon continues in the Grande Ronde Subbasin, we will monitor abundance of migrants, life history characteristics, and survival to various life stages to provide data to the Lower Snake River Compensation Plan - Oregon Evaluation project to determine the effectiveness of this management action. ODFW, Eastern Oregon Fish Research (EOFR) Title: Investigations Into The Life History Of Naturally Produced Spring Chinook Salmon and Summer Steelhead In The Grande Ronde River Subbasin - BPA Annual Report 2016 Abstract -- The goal of this project is to investigate the critical habitat, abundance, migration patterns, survival, and alternate life history strategies exhibited by spring Chinook salmon and summer steelhead juveniles from distinct populations in the Grande Ronde River and Imnaha River subbasins. This project will provide information on abundance of spring Chinook salmon and steelhead parr and estimates for egg-to-migrant survival for spring Chinook salmon and migrant survival for steelhead, and assess stream conditions in selected study streams. This study provides a means for long term monitoring of juvenile salmonid production in the Grande Ronde and Imnaha River subbasins that is essential for assessing the success of restoration and enhancement efforts including hatchery supplementation and habitat improvement. As hatchery supplementation of spring Chinook salmon continues in the Grande Ronde Subbasin, we will monitor abundance of migrants, life history characteristics, and survival to various life stages to provide data to the Lower Snake River Compensation Plan - Oregon Evaluation project to determine the effectiveness of this management action. ODFW, Eastern Oregon Fish Research (EOFR) Close

• 47. [Article] 2017 Lostine Chinook Telemetry Study

  Abstract -- In this brief we present preliminary data from tracking the spawning migration of 75 (37 females and 38 males) adult spring Chinook in the Lostine River in 2017. Fish were radio-tagged at the ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: 2017 Lostine Chinook Telemetry Study Abstract -- In this brief we present preliminary data from tracking the spawning migration of 75 (37 females and 38 males) adult spring Chinook in the Lostine River in 2017. Fish were radio-tagged at the Lostine River Weir from Jun 30 to Sep 1. Tagging was representative of run-timing. Radio-tagged fish were monitored continuously at four fixed antenna stations and weekly throughout the river using mobile antennas. Title: 2017 Lostine Chinook Telemetry Study Abstract -- In this brief we present preliminary data from tracking the spawning migration of 75 (37 females and 38 males) adult spring Chinook in the Lostine River in 2017. Fish were radio-tagged at the Lostine River Weir from Jun 30 to Sep 1. Tagging was representative of run-timing. Radio-tagged fish were monitored continuously at four fixed antenna stations and weekly throughout the river using mobile antennas. Close

• 48. [Article] CRTCP - Minimizing Risks and Mitigation of impacts to Bull Trout (Salvelinus confluentus) from Construction of Temperature Control Facilities at Cougar Reservoir, Oregon 2003

  Abstract -- Because drafting the reservoir may adversely affect bull trout, the Corps funded this study to minimize impacts of construction on bull trout. To protect this population, we need to more fully ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: CRTCP - Minimizing Risks and Mitigation of impacts to Bull Trout (Salvelinus confluentus) from Construction of Temperature Control Facilities at Cougar Reservoir, Oregon 2003 Abstract -- Because drafting the reservoir may adversely affect bull trout, the Corps funded this study to minimize impacts of construction on bull trout. To protect this population, we need to more fully understand the movement and habitat use of bull trout in the South Fork McKenzie watershed, and to develop an emergency action plan should environmental conditions become detrimental to the overall health of the population. Recommendations from this project will be made to the Environmental Coordination Committee in the event that actions to protect bull trout become necessary. Title: CRTCP - Minimizing Risks and Mitigation of impacts to Bull Trout (Salvelinus confluentus) from Construction of Temperature Control Facilities at Cougar Reservoir, Oregon 2003 Abstract -- Because drafting the reservoir may adversely affect bull trout, the Corps funded this study to minimize impacts of construction on bull trout. To protect this population, we need to more fully understand the movement and habitat use of bull trout in the South Fork McKenzie watershed, and to develop an emergency action plan should environmental conditions become detrimental to the overall health of the population. Recommendations from this project will be made to the Environmental Coordination Committee in the event that actions to protect bull trout become necessary. Close

• 49. [Article] Oregon Fish Habitat Distribution - Redband Trout

  Abstract -- These data describe areas of suitable habitat believed to be used currently and historically by redband trout populations. Columbia River redband trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss gairdneri, a subspecies ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Oregon Fish Habitat Distribution - Redband Trout Abstract -- These data describe areas of suitable habitat believed to be used currently and historically by redband trout populations. Columbia River redband trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss gairdneri, a subspecies of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, is native to the Fraser and Columbia River drainages, east of the Cascade Mountains to barrier falls on the Pend Oreille, Spokane, Snake and Kootenai rivers (Allendorf et al. 1980; Behnke 1992). Northern Great Basin redband trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss newberrii, are found in the closed basins of south-central Oregon as well as the Upper Klamath Lake basin. While Upper Klamath Lake now drains to the ocean, redband trout in the basin had ancestors that came from interior connections to the Great Basin and not from connections to the ocean (Behnke 1992). Redband trout, for the purposes of habitat distribution mapping, are generally defined as stream-resident O. mykiss gairdneri; migration is confined within their natal stream or watershed while steelhead, or the anadromous life form of O.mykiss gairdneri, migrate from their natal stream to the ocean and back. It is recognized, that while redband and steelhead habitat distribution datasets are published separately, overlapping areas represent the same subspecies. The term "currently" is defined as within the past five reproductive cycles. This information is based on sampling, the best professional opinion of Oregon Dept. of Fish and Wildlife or other natural resources agency staff biologists or modeling (see the fhdBasis field). Due to natural variations in run size, water conditions, or other environmental factors, some habitats identified may not be used annually. These data now comply with the Oregon Fish Habitat Distribution Data Standard that was adopted by the Oregon Geographic Information Council in February 2011. The Standard document can be found at: http://gis.oregon.gov/DAS/EISPD/GEO/standards/docs/OregonFishHabitatDistributionDataStandardv2.pdf Key features of the Oregon Fish Habitat Distribution Data include: species, run, life history, habitat use, origin, production, the basis for each record, originator name, originator entity and reference. Habitat distribution data are mapped at a 1:24,000 scale statewide and are based on the Pacific Northwest Framework Hydrography dataset. The data are made available as GIS files in both shapefile and ESRI geodatabase format. The data were developed over an extensive time period ranging from 1996 to 2011. Title: Oregon Fish Habitat Distribution - Redband Trout Abstract -- These data describe areas of suitable habitat believed to be used currently and historically by redband trout populations. Columbia River redband trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss gairdneri, a subspecies of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, is native to the Fraser and Columbia River drainages, east of the Cascade Mountains to barrier falls on the Pend Oreille, Spokane, Snake and Kootenai rivers (Allendorf et al. 1980; Behnke 1992). Northern Great Basin redband trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss newberrii, are found in the closed basins of south-central Oregon as well as the Upper Klamath Lake basin. While Upper Klamath Lake now drains to the ocean, redband trout in the basin had ancestors that came from interior connections to the Great Basin and not from connections to the ocean (Behnke 1992). Redband trout, for the purposes of habitat distribution mapping, are generally defined as stream-resident O. mykiss gairdneri; migration is confined within their natal stream or watershed while steelhead, or the anadromous life form of O.mykiss gairdneri, migrate from their natal stream to the ocean and back. It is recognized, that while redband and steelhead habitat distribution datasets are published separately, overlapping areas represent the same subspecies. The term "currently" is defined as within the past five reproductive cycles. This information is based on sampling, the best professional opinion of Oregon Dept. of Fish and Wildlife or other natural resources agency staff biologists or modeling (see the fhdBasis field). Due to natural variations in run size, water conditions, or other environmental factors, some habitats identified may not be used annually. These data now comply with the Oregon Fish Habitat Distribution Data Standard that was adopted by the Oregon Geographic Information Council in February 2011. The Standard document can be found at: http://gis.oregon.gov/DAS/EISPD/GEO/standards/docs/OregonFishHabitatDistributionDataStandardv2.pdf Key features of the Oregon Fish Habitat Distribution Data include: species, run, life history, habitat use, origin, production, the basis for each record, originator name, originator entity and reference. Habitat distribution data are mapped at a 1:24,000 scale statewide and are based on the Pacific Northwest Framework Hydrography dataset. The data are made available as GIS files in both shapefile and ESRI geodatabase format. The data were developed over an extensive time period ranging from 1996 to 2011. Close

• 50. [Article] Oregon Fish Habitat Distribution - Pacific Lamprey

  Abstract -- The Pacific lamprey has inhabited the rivers, streams and coastal waters of the west for 350 million years (BPA, 2005). These data describe areas of suitable habitat currently and historically ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Oregon Fish Habitat Distribution - Pacific Lamprey Abstract -- The Pacific lamprey has inhabited the rivers, streams and coastal waters of the west for 350 million years (BPA, 2005). These data describe areas of suitable habitat currently and historically used by Pacific lamprey populations. Pacific lamprey, Lampetra tridentata, (more recently identified as Entosphenus tridentatus), are native to the Pacific coast from Baja California to the Bering Sea. They are anadromous, migrating from their natal stream to the ocean and back, but unlike salmon, Pacific lamprey spend well over half of their total life cycle in freshwater. The Pacific lamprey was listed as an Oregon State sensitive species in 1993 and in 1996 was protected through restriction of harvest (ODFW 2006). These data now comply with the Oregon Fish Habitat Distribution Data Standard that was adopted by the Oregon Geographic Information Council in February 2011. The Standard document can be found at: http://gis.oregon.gov/DAS/EISPD/GEO/standards/docs/OregonFishHabitatDistributionDataStandardv2.pdf The term "currently" is defined as within the past five reproductive cycles. This information is based on sampling (see the fhdBasis field). Due to natural variations in run size, water conditions, or other environmental factors, some habitats identified may not be used annually.Habitat distribution data are mapped at a 1:24,000 scale statewide and are based on the Pacific Northwest Framework Hydrography dataset. The data are made available as GIS files in both shapefile and ESRI geodatabase format. The data were developed over an extensive time period ranging from 1990 to 2011. Data were migrated to the NHD in Spring of 2014. Title: Oregon Fish Habitat Distribution - Pacific Lamprey Abstract -- The Pacific lamprey has inhabited the rivers, streams and coastal waters of the west for 350 million years (BPA, 2005). These data describe areas of suitable habitat currently and historically used by Pacific lamprey populations. Pacific lamprey, Lampetra tridentata, (more recently identified as Entosphenus tridentatus), are native to the Pacific coast from Baja California to the Bering Sea. They are anadromous, migrating from their natal stream to the ocean and back, but unlike salmon, Pacific lamprey spend well over half of their total life cycle in freshwater. The Pacific lamprey was listed as an Oregon State sensitive species in 1993 and in 1996 was protected through restriction of harvest (ODFW 2006). These data now comply with the Oregon Fish Habitat Distribution Data Standard that was adopted by the Oregon Geographic Information Council in February 2011. The Standard document can be found at: http://gis.oregon.gov/DAS/EISPD/GEO/standards/docs/OregonFishHabitatDistributionDataStandardv2.pdf The term "currently" is defined as within the past five reproductive cycles. This information is based on sampling (see the fhdBasis field). Due to natural variations in run size, water conditions, or other environmental factors, some habitats identified may not be used annually.Habitat distribution data are mapped at a 1:24,000 scale statewide and are based on the Pacific Northwest Framework Hydrography dataset. The data are made available as GIS files in both shapefile and ESRI geodatabase format. The data were developed over an extensive time period ranging from 1990 to 2011. Data were migrated to the NHD in Spring of 2014. Close

• 51. [Article] Hatchery Steelhead Smolt Releases Size Effects on Adult Production and Straying - 2014

  Abstract -- Studies have demonstrated higher postrelease survival for larger hatchery steelhead Oncorhynchus mykiss smolts than for smaller ones. However, the ideal release size should also maximize adult ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Hatchery Steelhead Smolt Releases Size Effects on Adult Production and Straying - 2014 Abstract -- Studies have demonstrated higher postrelease survival for larger hatchery steelhead Oncorhynchus mykiss smolts than for smaller ones. However, the ideal release size should also maximize adult returns and minimize interactions of hatchery fish with wild fish. We conducted a study over five release years with paired groups of anadromous hatchery steelhead smolts reared to target sizes of either 90 g (small size) or 113 g (large size). After stream release, we monitored out-migration travel times and survival to a downstream dam using freeze-brand marks in a subsample of each release group. Steelhead smolts that out-migrate quickly may interact less with wild fish. Across all release groups, travel time was about 3 d slower for small-sized smolts than for large ones, but this difference was not statistically significant, and there was no significant difference in the percentage of brands detected at the dam between the two smolt sizes. Coded wire tag recovery was used to compare smolt-to-adult survival (SAS), the number of adults produced per 100 kg of smolts released, and the percentage of adults that strayed. Across all years, large-sized smolts had an average SAS of 1.31% compared with 0.92% for small-sized smolts, a statistically significant difference of 42.0%. The average number of adult steelhead produced per 100 kg of smolts released also was higher for the large-sized group (11.4 adults/100 kg of smolts) over the small-sized group (10.1 adults/100 kg of smolts), though the 12.8% difference was not statistically significant. Adults originating from large-sized smolt releases strayed at a rate of 13.1% compared with a 7.9% rate for the small-sized smolt groups, a difference that was statistically significant. In this study, larger hatchery steelhead smolts had a higher survival after release; however, we found tradeoffs between management objectives associated with maximizing adult production and those aimed at minimizing ecological risks. Lower Snake River Compensation Plan (LSRCP) ODFW- Eastern Oregon Fish Research (EOFR) Title: Hatchery Steelhead Smolt Releases Size Effects on Adult Production and Straying - 2014 Abstract -- Studies have demonstrated higher postrelease survival for larger hatchery steelhead Oncorhynchus mykiss smolts than for smaller ones. However, the ideal release size should also maximize adult returns and minimize interactions of hatchery fish with wild fish. We conducted a study over five release years with paired groups of anadromous hatchery steelhead smolts reared to target sizes of either 90 g (small size) or 113 g (large size). After stream release, we monitored out-migration travel times and survival to a downstream dam using freeze-brand marks in a subsample of each release group. Steelhead smolts that out-migrate quickly may interact less with wild fish. Across all release groups, travel time was about 3 d slower for small-sized smolts than for large ones, but this difference was not statistically significant, and there was no significant difference in the percentage of brands detected at the dam between the two smolt sizes. Coded wire tag recovery was used to compare smolt-to-adult survival (SAS), the number of adults produced per 100 kg of smolts released, and the percentage of adults that strayed. Across all years, large-sized smolts had an average SAS of 1.31% compared with 0.92% for small-sized smolts, a statistically significant difference of 42.0%. The average number of adult steelhead produced per 100 kg of smolts released also was higher for the large-sized group (11.4 adults/100 kg of smolts) over the small-sized group (10.1 adults/100 kg of smolts), though the 12.8% difference was not statistically significant. Adults originating from large-sized smolt releases strayed at a rate of 13.1% compared with a 7.9% rate for the small-sized smolt groups, a difference that was statistically significant. In this study, larger hatchery steelhead smolts had a higher survival after release; however, we found tradeoffs between management objectives associated with maximizing adult production and those aimed at minimizing ecological risks. Lower Snake River Compensation Plan (LSRCP) ODFW- Eastern Oregon Fish Research (EOFR) Close

• 52. [Article] Survival and Straying of Hatchery Steelhead Following Forced or Volitional Release

  Abstract -- In this study, conducted over four release years, we compare the performance of hatchery steelhead Oncorhynchus mykiss that were force-released (FR) from acclimation ponds with that of fish ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Survival and Straying of Hatchery Steelhead Following Forced or Volitional Release Abstract -- In this study, conducted over four release years, we compare the performance of hatchery steelhead Oncorhynchus mykiss that were force-released (FR) from acclimation ponds with that of fish given a 2-week volitional release (VR). After fish were released into streams, we monitored smolt out-migration travel times and survival to Lower Granite Dam on the Snake River using passive integrated transponder (PIT) tags in a subsample of each release group. To better understand the out-migration characteristics of volitionally departing fish, we also captured and PIT-tagged fish as they exited ponds in the first and last 24 h of VR. Across all release groups, travel time was 3% faster for fish that were forced from acclimation ponds than for VR groups; however, the average survival of VR groups (65.0%) was significantly higher than that of FR groups (58.6%). On average, fish that departed acclimation ponds in the first 24 h of VR took 6 d longer to reach Lower Granite Dam and had lower survival (50.3%) than those departing in the last 24 h (56.9%), though these differences were not statistically significant. We estimated smolt-to-adult survival and a stray rate index for the FR and VR groups based on recoveries of coded-wire-tagged adults. Across all releases, smolt-to-adult survival was not significantly different between groups (FR = 0.63%, VR = 0.59%), and the same was true for the stray rate index (FR = 10.9%, VR = 10.6%). Our finding that VR provided no postrelease survival benefit is consistent with the results of other published studies, but this is the first study to quantify the stray rate in relation to VR. Lower Snake River Compensation Plan (LSRCP) ODFW- Eastern Oregon Fish Research (EOFR) Title: Survival and Straying of Hatchery Steelhead Following Forced or Volitional Release Abstract -- In this study, conducted over four release years, we compare the performance of hatchery steelhead Oncorhynchus mykiss that were force-released (FR) from acclimation ponds with that of fish given a 2-week volitional release (VR). After fish were released into streams, we monitored smolt out-migration travel times and survival to Lower Granite Dam on the Snake River using passive integrated transponder (PIT) tags in a subsample of each release group. To better understand the out-migration characteristics of volitionally departing fish, we also captured and PIT-tagged fish as they exited ponds in the first and last 24 h of VR. Across all release groups, travel time was 3% faster for fish that were forced from acclimation ponds than for VR groups; however, the average survival of VR groups (65.0%) was significantly higher than that of FR groups (58.6%). On average, fish that departed acclimation ponds in the first 24 h of VR took 6 d longer to reach Lower Granite Dam and had lower survival (50.3%) than those departing in the last 24 h (56.9%), though these differences were not statistically significant. We estimated smolt-to-adult survival and a stray rate index for the FR and VR groups based on recoveries of coded-wire-tagged adults. Across all releases, smolt-to-adult survival was not significantly different between groups (FR = 0.63%, VR = 0.59%), and the same was true for the stray rate index (FR = 10.9%, VR = 10.6%). Our finding that VR provided no postrelease survival benefit is consistent with the results of other published studies, but this is the first study to quantify the stray rate in relation to VR. Lower Snake River Compensation Plan (LSRCP) ODFW- Eastern Oregon Fish Research (EOFR) Close

• 53. [Article] Postrelease Performance of Acclimated and Directly Released Hatchery Summer Steelhead into Oregon Tributaries of the Snake River

  Abstract -- In a study using 14 paired-release groups over 10 release years, we compared the performance of hatchery summer steelhead Oncorhynchus mykiss that were acclimated as smolts (AC) for 16–57 d ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Postrelease Performance of Acclimated and Directly Released Hatchery Summer Steelhead into Oregon Tributaries of the Snake River Abstract -- In a study using 14 paired-release groups over 10 release years, we compared the performance of hatchery summer steelhead Oncorhynchus mykiss that were acclimated as smolts (AC) for 16–57 d before release into ponds supplied with ambient stream water with that of fish trucked from the hatchery and directly released (DR) into Spring, Deer, and Little Sheep creeks in northeastern Oregon. After releasing the fish into streams, we monitored out-migration travel times and survival to Lower Granite Dam (LGD) on the Snake River using freeze brand marks or implanted passive integrated transponder tags in a subsample of each release group. Across all release groups, travel time was significantly slower for AC fish (34.7 d) than for DR fish (31.8 d), though there was no significant difference in survival probability to LGD. We used recoveries of coded wire tags to estimate smolt-to-adult survival (SAS) and a stray rate index (SRI) for the AC and DR strategies. Across all release groups, SAS was 33% higher and SRI 42% lower for AC steelhead. At each release site acclimation increased average SAS by at least 11% and decreased SRI by at least 16.5%. We found a significant, negative linear relationship between travel time to LGD and SAS; however, there was no significant relationship between survival to LGD and SAS, which implies that judgments about the success or failure of a novel rearing or release strategy should not be made based on out-migration survival. Acclimating juvenile steelhead produced significantly higher SAS and lower SRI in the hatchery program we evaluated; however, our results are not consistent with those of other steelhead acclimation studies. Lower Snake River Compensation Plan (LSRCP) ODFW- Eastern Oregon Fish Research (EOFR) Title: Postrelease Performance of Acclimated and Directly Released Hatchery Summer Steelhead into Oregon Tributaries of the Snake River Abstract -- In a study using 14 paired-release groups over 10 release years, we compared the performance of hatchery summer steelhead Oncorhynchus mykiss that were acclimated as smolts (AC) for 16–57 d before release into ponds supplied with ambient stream water with that of fish trucked from the hatchery and directly released (DR) into Spring, Deer, and Little Sheep creeks in northeastern Oregon. After releasing the fish into streams, we monitored out-migration travel times and survival to Lower Granite Dam (LGD) on the Snake River using freeze brand marks or implanted passive integrated transponder tags in a subsample of each release group. Across all release groups, travel time was significantly slower for AC fish (34.7 d) than for DR fish (31.8 d), though there was no significant difference in survival probability to LGD. We used recoveries of coded wire tags to estimate smolt-to-adult survival (SAS) and a stray rate index (SRI) for the AC and DR strategies. Across all release groups, SAS was 33% higher and SRI 42% lower for AC steelhead. At each release site acclimation increased average SAS by at least 11% and decreased SRI by at least 16.5%. We found a significant, negative linear relationship between travel time to LGD and SAS; however, there was no significant relationship between survival to LGD and SAS, which implies that judgments about the success or failure of a novel rearing or release strategy should not be made based on out-migration survival. Acclimating juvenile steelhead produced significantly higher SAS and lower SRI in the hatchery program we evaluated; however, our results are not consistent with those of other steelhead acclimation studies. Lower Snake River Compensation Plan (LSRCP) ODFW- Eastern Oregon Fish Research (EOFR) Close

• 54. [Article] Limiting Factors Assessment and Restoration Plan: Olalla Creek Tributary of the Yaquina Estuary

  Abstract -- This document provides watershed restoration actions proposed to enhance the Coho Salmon population within the Olalla Creek subbasin in Lincoln County, Oregon. The report contains information ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Limiting Factors Assessment and Restoration Plan: Olalla Creek Tributary of the Yaquina Estuary Abstract -- This document provides watershed restoration actions proposed to enhance the Coho Salmon population within the Olalla Creek subbasin in Lincoln County, Oregon. The report contains information on the physical setting, current status of Coho, resources used in developing the plan, general questions that guided the assessment, pre-survey mapping/location of habitat subdivisions, secondary branch habitats, critical contributing areas, lowland area, summer and winter habitat assessment, lake habitat, location of other resources, juvenile Coho, evaluation of habitat quality and Coho production, Field Assessment, location of potential migration barriers, potential sites for restoration work, morphology, rank of restoration efforts, riparian corridor, and core area. Title: Limiting Factors Assessment and Restoration Plan: Olalla Creek Tributary of the Yaquina Estuary Abstract -- This document provides watershed restoration actions proposed to enhance the Coho Salmon population within the Olalla Creek subbasin in Lincoln County, Oregon. The report contains information on the physical setting, current status of Coho, resources used in developing the plan, general questions that guided the assessment, pre-survey mapping/location of habitat subdivisions, secondary branch habitats, critical contributing areas, lowland area, summer and winter habitat assessment, lake habitat, location of other resources, juvenile Coho, evaluation of habitat quality and Coho production, Field Assessment, location of potential migration barriers, potential sites for restoration work, morphology, rank of restoration efforts, riparian corridor, and core area. Close

• 55. [Article] Limiting Factors Assessment and Restoration Plan: Rock Creek Tributary to Devil's Lake Lincoln County

  Abstract -- This document provides watershed restoration actions proposed to enhance the Coho Salmon population within the Rock Creek / Devils Lake basin in Lincoln County, Oregon. The report contains ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Limiting Factors Assessment and Restoration Plan: Rock Creek Tributary to Devil's Lake Lincoln County Abstract -- This document provides watershed restoration actions proposed to enhance the Coho Salmon population within the Rock Creek / Devils Lake basin in Lincoln County, Oregon. The report contains information on the physical setting, current status of Coho, resources used in developing the plan, general questions that guided the assessment, pre-survey mapping/location of habitat subdivisons, secondary branch habitats, critical contributing areas, lowland area, summer and winter habitat assessment, lake habitat, location of other resources, juvenile Coho, evaluation of habitat quality and Coho production, Field Assessment, location of potential migration barriers, potential sites for restoration work, morphology, rank of restoration efforts, riparian corridor, and core area. Title: Limiting Factors Assessment and Restoration Plan: Rock Creek Tributary to Devil's Lake Lincoln County Abstract -- This document provides watershed restoration actions proposed to enhance the Coho Salmon population within the Rock Creek / Devils Lake basin in Lincoln County, Oregon. The report contains information on the physical setting, current status of Coho, resources used in developing the plan, general questions that guided the assessment, pre-survey mapping/location of habitat subdivisons, secondary branch habitats, critical contributing areas, lowland area, summer and winter habitat assessment, lake habitat, location of other resources, juvenile Coho, evaluation of habitat quality and Coho production, Field Assessment, location of potential migration barriers, potential sites for restoration work, morphology, rank of restoration efforts, riparian corridor, and core area. Close

• 56. [Article] Oregon Hydrography - Whole Stream Routes

  Abstract -- This dataset provides a representation of the watercourses within the Oregon portion of the Columbia basin as well as coastal and Great Basin watersheds. A selected subset of streams were originally ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Oregon Hydrography - Whole Stream Routes Abstract -- This dataset provides a representation of the watercourses within the Oregon portion of the Columbia basin as well as coastal and Great Basin watersheds. A selected subset of streams were originally derived from the Framework hydrography dataset and include all records originally present within the 1:100,000 scale PNW Hydrography dataset, named 1:24,000 scale streams and unnamed 1:24,000 scale streams where ODFW managed aquatic resource information exist. The data were migrated to events on NHD between 2012 and 2014. Additional features were added in 2017 and all events were synchronized to April 2017 NHD. Title: Oregon Hydrography - Whole Stream Routes Abstract -- This dataset provides a representation of the watercourses within the Oregon portion of the Columbia basin as well as coastal and Great Basin watersheds. A selected subset of streams were originally derived from the Framework hydrography dataset and include all records originally present within the 1:100,000 scale PNW Hydrography dataset, named 1:24,000 scale streams and unnamed 1:24,000 scale streams where ODFW managed aquatic resource information exist. The data were migrated to events on NHD between 2012 and 2014. Additional features were added in 2017 and all events were synchronized to April 2017 NHD. Close

• 57. [Article] Willamette BiOp - Genetic Diversity of Willamette River Spring Chinook Salmon Populations

  Abstract -- In this study, we used multilocus microsatellite genotype data from 813 spring Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha to investigate patterns of genetic diversity within and among wild and ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Willamette BiOp - Genetic Diversity of Willamette River Spring Chinook Salmon Populations Abstract -- In this study, we used multilocus microsatellite genotype data from 813 spring Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha to investigate patterns of genetic diversity within and among wild and hatchery populations from the Willamette River and Catherine Creek (Grande Ronde River, Oregon). We found that hatchery populations from the Willamette River presented higher heterozygosities than local wild populations, though no pattern was found for allelic richness. An analysis of genetic divergence (?) revealed little or no differentiation between hatchery and local wild populations within Willamette River subbasins. However, we observed weak but statistically significant structure among most Willamette River subbasins. Phylogenetic analyses of Willamette River populations further indicated that hatchery populations are most similar to local wild populations, though no inference could be made for wild Middle Fork Willamette Chinook due to an inadequate sample size. Genetic population structure did not closely reflect geographic structure of the Willamette River, as North Santiam River populations clustered with McKenzie River populations and South Santiam River populations formed a clade with hatchery Chinook from the Middle Fork Willamette River. Structure was particularly weak among populations from the Middle Fork Willamette and South Santiam rivers. We evaluated the accuracy of genetic stock identification for Willamette River spring Chinook, based on 13 GAPS (Genetic Analysis of Pacific Salmon) microsatellite markers. We found that with the GAPS baseline, individuals could be assigned to their population of origin (subbasin) with 43% - 64% accuracy. We estimated 100% assignment accuracy to the Catherine Creek Hatchery population, reflecting the distinctiveness of Willamette River Chinook relative to that population. We observed no measurable increase in assignment accuracy by adding four gene-linked markers to the GAPS baseline. We tested for signals of positive selection on both GAPS microsatellites and four gene-linked markers by examining inter-locus patterns of genetic differentiation. Although we found no evidence for locus-specific selection among Willamette River populations, one GAPS microsatellite and an immune-relevant marker presented aberrantly large genetic diversity index (FST) values between Willamette River populations and the Catherine Creek population. This result suggests that these loci may be linked to genes under positive selection that has generated markedly different allele frequencies in Catherine Creek and Willamette River spring Chinook. Lastly we used our empirical genotypic data from the McKenzie River hatchery and wild populations to perform forward-time simulations, modeling changes in ?, mean heterozygosity and total allele count over 30 generations. We use the term “migration” to describe the interaction of hatchery and wild fish in these simulations; namely the proportion of natural-origin fish spawned in the hatchery as broodstock and the proportion of hatchery fish present on natural spawning grounds. Our findings indicated that migration rates of at least 5% resulted in <2% decline in heterozygosity and an asymptotic FST value of 0.005 or less. No migration from one or both populations resulted in markedly higher rates of population divergence, loss of heterozygosity and reduction in alleles present. The mean number of alleles present (per locus) in the hatchery and wild populations was more sensitive to differences in migration rate than heterozygosity, whereby low levels of hatchery straying and natural-origin broodstock integration best conserved genetic diversity. Title: Willamette BiOp - Genetic Diversity of Willamette River Spring Chinook Salmon Populations Abstract -- In this study, we used multilocus microsatellite genotype data from 813 spring Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha to investigate patterns of genetic diversity within and among wild and hatchery populations from the Willamette River and Catherine Creek (Grande Ronde River, Oregon). We found that hatchery populations from the Willamette River presented higher heterozygosities than local wild populations, though no pattern was found for allelic richness. An analysis of genetic divergence (?) revealed little or no differentiation between hatchery and local wild populations within Willamette River subbasins. However, we observed weak but statistically significant structure among most Willamette River subbasins. Phylogenetic analyses of Willamette River populations further indicated that hatchery populations are most similar to local wild populations, though no inference could be made for wild Middle Fork Willamette Chinook due to an inadequate sample size. Genetic population structure did not closely reflect geographic structure of the Willamette River, as North Santiam River populations clustered with McKenzie River populations and South Santiam River populations formed a clade with hatchery Chinook from the Middle Fork Willamette River. Structure was particularly weak among populations from the Middle Fork Willamette and South Santiam rivers. We evaluated the accuracy of genetic stock identification for Willamette River spring Chinook, based on 13 GAPS (Genetic Analysis of Pacific Salmon) microsatellite markers. We found that with the GAPS baseline, individuals could be assigned to their population of origin (subbasin) with 43% - 64% accuracy. We estimated 100% assignment accuracy to the Catherine Creek Hatchery population, reflecting the distinctiveness of Willamette River Chinook relative to that population. We observed no measurable increase in assignment accuracy by adding four gene-linked markers to the GAPS baseline. We tested for signals of positive selection on both GAPS microsatellites and four gene-linked markers by examining inter-locus patterns of genetic differentiation. Although we found no evidence for locus-specific selection among Willamette River populations, one GAPS microsatellite and an immune-relevant marker presented aberrantly large genetic diversity index (FST) values between Willamette River populations and the Catherine Creek population. This result suggests that these loci may be linked to genes under positive selection that has generated markedly different allele frequencies in Catherine Creek and Willamette River spring Chinook. Lastly we used our empirical genotypic data from the McKenzie River hatchery and wild populations to perform forward-time simulations, modeling changes in ?, mean heterozygosity and total allele count over 30 generations. We use the term “migration” to describe the interaction of hatchery and wild fish in these simulations; namely the proportion of natural-origin fish spawned in the hatchery as broodstock and the proportion of hatchery fish present on natural spawning grounds. Our findings indicated that migration rates of at least 5% resulted in <2% decline in heterozygosity and an asymptotic FST value of 0.005 or less. No migration from one or both populations resulted in markedly higher rates of population divergence, loss of heterozygosity and reduction in alleles present. The mean number of alleles present (per locus) in the hatchery and wild populations was more sensitive to differences in migration rate than heterozygosity, whereby low levels of hatchery straying and natural-origin broodstock integration best conserved genetic diversity. Close

• 58. [Article] Crooked River Fish Management Plan 1979

  Abstract -- The Crooked River is a major tributary to the Deschutes River and has the habitat to produce a good rainbow trout population, especially between Prineville Dam and Rice-Baldwin Dam. However, ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Crooked River Fish Management Plan 1979 Abstract -- The Crooked River is a major tributary to the Deschutes River and has the habitat to produce a good rainbow trout population, especially between Prineville Dam and Rice-Baldwin Dam. However, winter streamflow is minimal and high turbidity is common. The. river is not stocked but various ages and sizes of hatchery fish emigrate from Prineville Reservoir during periods of spill; and these fish constitute a sizable portion of the trout population in the river. The Crooked River has maintained a successful fishery on the combination of wild and hatchery (from Prinevi11e Reservoir) trout under general statewide regulations. In July 1979, the Oregon Fish and Wildlife Commission accepted the Department's recommendation to continue to manage this portion of Crooked River for wild and hatchery fish. Hatchery fish will not be stocked in this section of the river, but large numbers of hatchery trout migrate from Prineville Reservoir into the river below the dam. Title: Crooked River Fish Management Plan 1979 Abstract -- The Crooked River is a major tributary to the Deschutes River and has the habitat to produce a good rainbow trout population, especially between Prineville Dam and Rice-Baldwin Dam. However, winter streamflow is minimal and high turbidity is common. The. river is not stocked but various ages and sizes of hatchery fish emigrate from Prineville Reservoir during periods of spill; and these fish constitute a sizable portion of the trout population in the river. The Crooked River has maintained a successful fishery on the combination of wild and hatchery (from Prinevi11e Reservoir) trout under general statewide regulations. In July 1979, the Oregon Fish and Wildlife Commission accepted the Department's recommendation to continue to manage this portion of Crooked River for wild and hatchery fish. Hatchery fish will not be stocked in this section of the river, but large numbers of hatchery trout migrate from Prineville Reservoir into the river below the dam. Close

• 59. [Article] Grande Ronde River Basin Master Plan for Angler Access and Associated Recreational Uses 1966

  Abstract -- The Grande Ronde Basin is quite a large basin that drains most of the northeastern corner of our State. The system has five tributary rivers. Two are accessible by trail only, the Wenaha near ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Grande Ronde River Basin Master Plan for Angler Access and Associated Recreational Uses 1966 Abstract -- The Grande Ronde Basin is quite a large basin that drains most of the northeastern corner of our State. The system has five tributary rivers. Two are accessible by trail only, the Wenaha near the Washington state line and the Minam that flows northward between La Grande and Enterprise. Catherine Creek drains the upper eastern part of the Grande Ronde Valley; the Wallowa and Lostine Rivers flow out of the Wallowa Valley. The Grande Ronde system supports a good fishery for salmon and steelhead. These fish migrate up the Columbia and Snake Rivers and travel approximately 650 river miles before they reach the spawning areas in the upper reaches of the basin. The Lower Grande Ronde enjoys a fall steelhead fishery; the upper tributaries have spring salmon and in some instances spring steelhead. In the peak of the season angling pressure is heavy and success is good. This report details a plan that we hope can be followed to solve the access problems of the Grande Ronde Basin. Title: Grande Ronde River Basin Master Plan for Angler Access and Associated Recreational Uses 1966 Abstract -- The Grande Ronde Basin is quite a large basin that drains most of the northeastern corner of our State. The system has five tributary rivers. Two are accessible by trail only, the Wenaha near the Washington state line and the Minam that flows northward between La Grande and Enterprise. Catherine Creek drains the upper eastern part of the Grande Ronde Valley; the Wallowa and Lostine Rivers flow out of the Wallowa Valley. The Grande Ronde system supports a good fishery for salmon and steelhead. These fish migrate up the Columbia and Snake Rivers and travel approximately 650 river miles before they reach the spawning areas in the upper reaches of the basin. The Lower Grande Ronde enjoys a fall steelhead fishery; the upper tributaries have spring salmon and in some instances spring steelhead. In the peak of the season angling pressure is heavy and success is good. This report details a plan that we hope can be followed to solve the access problems of the Grande Ronde Basin. Close

• 60. [Article] Tenmile Lake Basin Partnership - OWEB Final Report: Grant 217-2051

  Abstract -- Pacific Lamprey are native to the Tenmile Watershed and culturally important to the local Native American Tribes. Likewise, Salmon and Steelhead have both an economic and cultural significance ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Tenmile Lake Basin Partnership - OWEB Final Report: Grant 217-2051 Abstract -- Pacific Lamprey are native to the Tenmile Watershed and culturally important to the local Native American Tribes. Likewise, Salmon and Steelhead have both an economic and cultural significance to the local citizens and Tribes. Pacific Lamprey were historically harvested by the people of the Confederated Tribes of the Coos, Lower Umpqua and Siuslaw Indians (CTCLUSI), but it was unknown if Pacific Lamprey were still present in the Tenmile Watershed. A fish trap was built on Eel Lake by the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife (ODFW) in 1989 for the purpose of fish capture and rearing. The trap is effective in capturing Salmon and Steelhead but may act as a barrier to the passage of Pacific Lamprey. This monitoring effort was designed to assess the presence/absence of Pacific Lamprey in the Tenmile Watershed, identify migration timing, potential lamprey passage barriers and rearing/spawning habitats, and collect and organize data from Eel Lake Trap on native Coho, Cutthroat, and native/hatchery Steelhead returns and trends. Lamprey larvae (ammocoete) monitoring was conducted in the summer of 2017 using electro-shockers. Shocking occurred on 3 tributaries of Tenmile Lakes (Big Creek, Johnson Creek, and Shutter Creek), and 3 creeks within the Eel Lake basin (Eel Creek, Clear Creek, and Winters Arm Creek). Two species of lamprey were identified, Western Brook (Lampetra richardsoni) and Pacific (Entosphenus tridentatus). Western Brook were found in all sampled Tenmile Lakes Basin streams, but only in the streams above Eel Lake Trap in the Eel Lake Basin. No Western Brook were identified in Eel Creek below the Trap. Pacific Lamprey were found in Johnson Creek and Big Creek in the Tenmile Lakes Basin, and in Eel Creek in the Eel Lake Basin. No Pacific Lamprey were identified above the Eel Lake Trap, suggesting that it may act as a complete passage barrier to that species. In addition, over 200 adult Pacific Lamprey were salvaged from an ODOT culvert enhancement project on Eel Creek near Hwy 101. Pacific Lamprey larvae were identified upstream of this project, but it is likely that it was a partial barrier. Two other ODOT culverts were identified as potential partial lamprey barriers on Eel Cr. Spawning areas for Pacific and Western Brook Lamprey are similar to spawning areas for salmon. Upper reaches of all the Tenmile Lake tributaries have appropriate spawning gravel. Lower stream areas are often high in sediment which is conducive to rearing lamprey larvae. This was confirmed in Johnson creek with high numbers of Pacific Lamprey larvae found at the mouth as it enters South Tenmile Lake. Farther upstream in the Johnson Creek system, larvae were abundant, but much smaller with many being too small to identify (<65mm). Western Brook larvae were found, but no Pacific Lamprey larvae were identified, perhaps amongst those unidentified specimens. Western Brook ammocoetes were also found at the lower site on Johnson Creek, and in Big Creek and Shutter Creek. Pacific Lamprey migration into the watershed is difficult to determine due to the elusive nature of the species and their life cycle trait of migrating in from the ocean in the spring of one year, then holding over until the next spring before spawning. When specimens are captured, it is difficult to determine whether it is a fresh migrant or last year’s holdover. Even if it can be determined which year it is from, it is still difficult to know how long it has been in the system before it was captured. In Phase 2 of this project, we will capture Pacific Lamprey either in traps near the mouth of Eel Cr, or at the lower culverts. This should give us a better sense of migration timing. Native Coho salmon counts at Eel Lake Trap were down significantly from the recorded high at the Trap of 441 in 2012, with only 66 native Coho returning in 2018 (the winter of 2017-2018). The previous 2 years were also low with 2016 and 2017 showing returns of only 53 and 118 respectively. The Coho numbers for most of the Oregon Coast also showed low returns. Hatchery Winter Steelhead counts were 502 for 2018. This compares to a record high of 828 in 2007, 595 in 2016, and 226 in 2017. Returning native Steelhead only numbered 10 for the 2018 season. The average return for Native Steelhead is 24. In 2018, 60 Steelhead were spawned including 2 native males, but no native females. 252 hatchery Steelhead were recycled into Saunders Lake, and 148 into Butterfield Lake. ODFW allocated 25,000 smolts for the Tenmile Watershed, which were acclimated and then released in April 2018. Title: Tenmile Lake Basin Partnership - OWEB Final Report: Grant 217-2051 Abstract -- Pacific Lamprey are native to the Tenmile Watershed and culturally important to the local Native American Tribes. Likewise, Salmon and Steelhead have both an economic and cultural significance to the local citizens and Tribes. Pacific Lamprey were historically harvested by the people of the Confederated Tribes of the Coos, Lower Umpqua and Siuslaw Indians (CTCLUSI), but it was unknown if Pacific Lamprey were still present in the Tenmile Watershed. A fish trap was built on Eel Lake by the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife (ODFW) in 1989 for the purpose of fish capture and rearing. The trap is effective in capturing Salmon and Steelhead but may act as a barrier to the passage of Pacific Lamprey. This monitoring effort was designed to assess the presence/absence of Pacific Lamprey in the Tenmile Watershed, identify migration timing, potential lamprey passage barriers and rearing/spawning habitats, and collect and organize data from Eel Lake Trap on native Coho, Cutthroat, and native/hatchery Steelhead returns and trends. Lamprey larvae (ammocoete) monitoring was conducted in the summer of 2017 using electro-shockers. Shocking occurred on 3 tributaries of Tenmile Lakes (Big Creek, Johnson Creek, and Shutter Creek), and 3 creeks within the Eel Lake basin (Eel Creek, Clear Creek, and Winters Arm Creek). Two species of lamprey were identified, Western Brook (Lampetra richardsoni) and Pacific (Entosphenus tridentatus). Western Brook were found in all sampled Tenmile Lakes Basin streams, but only in the streams above Eel Lake Trap in the Eel Lake Basin. No Western Brook were identified in Eel Creek below the Trap. Pacific Lamprey were found in Johnson Creek and Big Creek in the Tenmile Lakes Basin, and in Eel Creek in the Eel Lake Basin. No Pacific Lamprey were identified above the Eel Lake Trap, suggesting that it may act as a complete passage barrier to that species. In addition, over 200 adult Pacific Lamprey were salvaged from an ODOT culvert enhancement project on Eel Creek near Hwy 101. Pacific Lamprey larvae were identified upstream of this project, but it is likely that it was a partial barrier. Two other ODOT culverts were identified as potential partial lamprey barriers on Eel Cr. Spawning areas for Pacific and Western Brook Lamprey are similar to spawning areas for salmon. Upper reaches of all the Tenmile Lake tributaries have appropriate spawning gravel. Lower stream areas are often high in sediment which is conducive to rearing lamprey larvae. This was confirmed in Johnson creek with high numbers of Pacific Lamprey larvae found at the mouth as it enters South Tenmile Lake. Farther upstream in the Johnson Creek system, larvae were abundant, but much smaller with many being too small to identify (<65mm). Western Brook larvae were found, but no Pacific Lamprey larvae were identified, perhaps amongst those unidentified specimens. Western Brook ammocoetes were also found at the lower site on Johnson Creek, and in Big Creek and Shutter Creek. Pacific Lamprey migration into the watershed is difficult to determine due to the elusive nature of the species and their life cycle trait of migrating in from the ocean in the spring of one year, then holding over until the next spring before spawning. When specimens are captured, it is difficult to determine whether it is a fresh migrant or last year’s holdover. Even if it can be determined which year it is from, it is still difficult to know how long it has been in the system before it was captured. In Phase 2 of this project, we will capture Pacific Lamprey either in traps near the mouth of Eel Cr, or at the lower culverts. This should give us a better sense of migration timing. Native Coho salmon counts at Eel Lake Trap were down significantly from the recorded high at the Trap of 441 in 2012, with only 66 native Coho returning in 2018 (the winter of 2017-2018). The previous 2 years were also low with 2016 and 2017 showing returns of only 53 and 118 respectively. The Coho numbers for most of the Oregon Coast also showed low returns. Hatchery Winter Steelhead counts were 502 for 2018. This compares to a record high of 828 in 2007, 595 in 2016, and 226 in 2017. Returning native Steelhead only numbered 10 for the 2018 season. The average return for Native Steelhead is 24. In 2018, 60 Steelhead were spawned including 2 native males, but no native females. 252 hatchery Steelhead were recycled into Saunders Lake, and 148 into Butterfield Lake. ODFW allocated 25,000 smolts for the Tenmile Watershed, which were acclimated and then released in April 2018. Close

• 61. [Article] Downstream rearing of juvenile Chinook salmon abundance, distribution and growth in the Upper Mainstem of the John Day River

  Abstract -- Juvenile spring Chinook (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) emerge from the gravel in the late winter or early spring, and most follow a life history pattern known as Natal Reach Rearing (NRR) in which ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Downstream rearing of juvenile Chinook salmon abundance, distribution and growth in the Upper Mainstem of the John Day River Abstract -- Juvenile spring Chinook (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) emerge from the gravel in the late winter or early spring, and most follow a life history pattern known as Natal Reach Rearing (NRR) in which juvenile fish remain in the stream reaches where they were spawned until their second spring of life when they start migrating towards the ocean (Healey 1991). However, in Columbia River tributaries, some juveniles have been observed following a Downstream Rearing (DSR) life history, in which they start moving downstream during their first spring towards other nursery habitats or perhaps ocean rearing (Copeland & Venditti 2009; Schroeder et al. 2016). Rearing in different habitats during their first year gives fish with these two life histories access to diverse food resources and, it is hypothesized that, this leads to different survival and growth advantages for these two groups. Differences in growth are of interest in efforts to conserve this threatened species because size is positively correlated to survival for salmon across multiple stages of their life cycle (Groot & Margolis 1991; Healey 1991; Quinn & Peterson 1996; Roni et al. 2012) Chinook salmon in the upper John Day River, Oregon, exhibit both NRR and DSR life history patterns. Fish following the DSR life history pattern are larger than NRR fish late in the spring, possibly due to factors such as higher fish density, lower stream productivity, and colder water temperatures in their natal reach than in the downstream reaches. However, this size advantage may be lost due to adverse summer conditions. Hot summer days combined with the withdrawal of water for agriculture lead to stream water temperatures well above lethal thresholds for salmon in many downstream reaches. DSR fish have been observed in tributaries of the mainstem John Day River, however their growth and survival during summer is unknown. Title: Downstream rearing of juvenile Chinook salmon abundance, distribution and growth in the Upper Mainstem of the John Day River Abstract -- Juvenile spring Chinook (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) emerge from the gravel in the late winter or early spring, and most follow a life history pattern known as Natal Reach Rearing (NRR) in which juvenile fish remain in the stream reaches where they were spawned until their second spring of life when they start migrating towards the ocean (Healey 1991). However, in Columbia River tributaries, some juveniles have been observed following a Downstream Rearing (DSR) life history, in which they start moving downstream during their first spring towards other nursery habitats or perhaps ocean rearing (Copeland & Venditti 2009; Schroeder et al. 2016). Rearing in different habitats during their first year gives fish with these two life histories access to diverse food resources and, it is hypothesized that, this leads to different survival and growth advantages for these two groups. Differences in growth are of interest in efforts to conserve this threatened species because size is positively correlated to survival for salmon across multiple stages of their life cycle (Groot & Margolis 1991; Healey 1991; Quinn & Peterson 1996; Roni et al. 2012) Chinook salmon in the upper John Day River, Oregon, exhibit both NRR and DSR life history patterns. Fish following the DSR life history pattern are larger than NRR fish late in the spring, possibly due to factors such as higher fish density, lower stream productivity, and colder water temperatures in their natal reach than in the downstream reaches. However, this size advantage may be lost due to adverse summer conditions. Hot summer days combined with the withdrawal of water for agriculture lead to stream water temperatures well above lethal thresholds for salmon in many downstream reaches. DSR fish have been observed in tributaries of the mainstem John Day River, however their growth and survival during summer is unknown. Close

• 62. [Article] Limiting Factors Assessment and Restoration Plan NF Beaver Creek Tributary Beaver Cr at Ona Beach

  Abstract -- This document provides watershed restoration actions proposed to enhance the Coho Salmon population within North Fork Beaver Creek in Lincoln County, Oregon. Topics include physical setting, ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Limiting Factors Assessment and Restoration Plan NF Beaver Creek Tributary Beaver Cr at Ona Beach Abstract -- This document provides watershed restoration actions proposed to enhance the Coho Salmon population within North Fork Beaver Creek in Lincoln County, Oregon. Topics include physical setting, current status of Coho, resources used in developing the plan, general questions that guide the assessment, pre-survey mapping/location of habitat subdivisions, anchor habitats, secondary branch habitats, critical contributing areas, summer and winter habitat potential, estuarine and freshwater marsh habitat, juvenile Coho, field assessment, evaluation of habitat quality and Coho production, locate migration barriers, and potential sites for restoration work. Additional topics included are a list and rank of the factors currently limiting Coho production, a rank of the list of restoration efforts, an explanation of how the modifications will interact and increase production, assessment questionnaire including morphology and core area discussion and secondary branch sites, critical contributing areas, and lowlands outside the 6th field subbasin. Title: Limiting Factors Assessment and Restoration Plan NF Beaver Creek Tributary Beaver Cr at Ona Beach Abstract -- This document provides watershed restoration actions proposed to enhance the Coho Salmon population within North Fork Beaver Creek in Lincoln County, Oregon. Topics include physical setting, current status of Coho, resources used in developing the plan, general questions that guide the assessment, pre-survey mapping/location of habitat subdivisions, anchor habitats, secondary branch habitats, critical contributing areas, summer and winter habitat potential, estuarine and freshwater marsh habitat, juvenile Coho, field assessment, evaluation of habitat quality and Coho production, locate migration barriers, and potential sites for restoration work. Additional topics included are a list and rank of the factors currently limiting Coho production, a rank of the list of restoration efforts, an explanation of how the modifications will interact and increase production, assessment questionnaire including morphology and core area discussion and secondary branch sites, critical contributing areas, and lowlands outside the 6th field subbasin. Close

• 63. [Article] Limiting Factors Assessment and Restoration Plan for Steer Creek Tributary of Rock Cr Siletz

  Abstract -- This document provides watershed restoration actions proposed to enhance the Coho Salmon population within the Steer Cr. 6th field in Lincoln County, Oregon. This stream is a 4th order contributor ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Limiting Factors Assessment and Restoration Plan for Steer Creek Tributary of Rock Cr Siletz Abstract -- This document provides watershed restoration actions proposed to enhance the Coho Salmon population within the Steer Cr. 6th field in Lincoln County, Oregon. This stream is a 4th order contributor to Rock Creek, which joins the Siletz River near Logsden, Oregon. The stream has been prioritized for restoration by the Midcoast Watershed Council because it appears to provide the best remaining spawning and rearing potential within the Rock Cr. basin. The report contains information on the physical setting, current status of Coho, resources used in developing the plan, general questions that guided the assessment, pre-survey mapping/location of habitat subdivisions, secondary branch habitats, critical contributing areas, lowland area, summer and winter habitat assessment, lake habitat, location of other resources, juvenile Coho, evaluation of habitat quality and Coho production, Field Assessment, location of potential migration barriers, potential sites for restoration work, morphology, rank of restoration efforts, riparian corridor, and core area. Title: Limiting Factors Assessment and Restoration Plan for Steer Creek Tributary of Rock Cr Siletz Abstract -- This document provides watershed restoration actions proposed to enhance the Coho Salmon population within the Steer Cr. 6th field in Lincoln County, Oregon. This stream is a 4th order contributor to Rock Creek, which joins the Siletz River near Logsden, Oregon. The stream has been prioritized for restoration by the Midcoast Watershed Council because it appears to provide the best remaining spawning and rearing potential within the Rock Cr. basin. The report contains information on the physical setting, current status of Coho, resources used in developing the plan, general questions that guided the assessment, pre-survey mapping/location of habitat subdivisions, secondary branch habitats, critical contributing areas, lowland area, summer and winter habitat assessment, lake habitat, location of other resources, juvenile Coho, evaluation of habitat quality and Coho production, Field Assessment, location of potential migration barriers, potential sites for restoration work, morphology, rank of restoration efforts, riparian corridor, and core area. Close

• 64. [Article] LCMP - Residence Time and Seasonal Movements of Juvenile Coho Salmon in the Ecotone and Lower Estuary of Winchester Creek, South Slough, Oregon

  Abstract -- The juvenile life history of coho salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch in the stream-estuary ecotone of Winchester Creek, South Slough, Oregon, was investigated in 1999–2001. Seines and a rotary screw ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: LCMP - Residence Time and Seasonal Movements of Juvenile Coho Salmon in the Ecotone and Lower Estuary of Winchester Creek, South Slough, Oregon Abstract -- The juvenile life history of coho salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch in the stream-estuary ecotone of Winchester Creek, South Slough, Oregon, was investigated in 1999–2001. Seines and a rotary screw trap were used to capture fish for dye-marking, and residence time within the ecotone was determined for recaptured marked fish. In the lower estuary, ultrasonic transmitters were used to document residence time and patterns of movement for smolts migrating to the ocean. Nearly half of each brood year moved to the estuary as subyearlings. A portion of age-0 juveniles that moved downstream during spring lived in the ecotone through summer for up to 8 months, then most moved back upstream to overwinter. Fish that moved to the ecotone during fall and winter had mean minimum residence times of 48 d in 1999 and 64 d in 2000. Some of the fish that moved to the ecotone during fall and winter moved into an off-channel beaver pond and resided there for a mean of 49 d. Spring age-1 smolts had a mean minimum residence time in the ecotone of 18 d for both years and used recently restored salt marshes and other off-channel habitats. Smolts implanted with ultrasonic transmitters lived in the lower estuary for an average of 5.8 d, during which their direction of movement corresponded to the direction of tidal flow. Title: LCMP - Residence Time and Seasonal Movements of Juvenile Coho Salmon in the Ecotone and Lower Estuary of Winchester Creek, South Slough, Oregon Abstract -- The juvenile life history of coho salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch in the stream-estuary ecotone of Winchester Creek, South Slough, Oregon, was investigated in 1999–2001. Seines and a rotary screw trap were used to capture fish for dye-marking, and residence time within the ecotone was determined for recaptured marked fish. In the lower estuary, ultrasonic transmitters were used to document residence time and patterns of movement for smolts migrating to the ocean. Nearly half of each brood year moved to the estuary as subyearlings. A portion of age-0 juveniles that moved downstream during spring lived in the ecotone through summer for up to 8 months, then most moved back upstream to overwinter. Fish that moved to the ecotone during fall and winter had mean minimum residence times of 48 d in 1999 and 64 d in 2000. Some of the fish that moved to the ecotone during fall and winter moved into an off-channel beaver pond and resided there for a mean of 49 d. Spring age-1 smolts had a mean minimum residence time in the ecotone of 18 d for both years and used recently restored salt marshes and other off-channel habitats. Smolts implanted with ultrasonic transmitters lived in the lower estuary for an average of 5.8 d, during which their direction of movement corresponded to the direction of tidal flow. Close

• 65. [Article] CRTCP - Monitoring of Downstream Fish Passage at Cougar Dam in the South Fork McKenzie River, Oregon 1998-00

  Abstract -- In 1993, Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife (ODFW) began placing adult chinook salmon that were excess to hatchery operations at McKenzie and Willamette Hatchery above Cougar Dam in an ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: CRTCP - Monitoring of Downstream Fish Passage at Cougar Dam in the South Fork McKenzie River, Oregon 1998-00 Abstract -- In 1993, Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife (ODFW) began placing adult chinook salmon that were excess to hatchery operations at McKenzie and Willamette Hatchery above Cougar Dam in an attempt to restore some of the biological contributions salmon made to the ecology of the South Fork McKenzie River prior to Cougar Dam construction (Table 1). Contributions included increased nutrient input to the ecosystem and an additional food source for predators, including bull trout. In addition, the progeny of these adult salmon provided a landlocked chinook fishery in the reservoir and ODFW was able to discontinue annual releases of juvenile salmon reared in ODFW hatcheries (1996). ODFW assumed most of the salmon attempting to leave the reservoir would be killed by various means upon passage through the turbines or regulating outlet. Between 1994-97, ODFW field observations provided circumstantial evidence that some juvenile chinook were surviving passage through the dam. In 1998, we began monitoring juvenile chinook migration out of the reservoir to determine the number, size, age, and mortality rate of fish passing through the turbines and regulating outlet of Cougar Dam. Title: CRTCP - Monitoring of Downstream Fish Passage at Cougar Dam in the South Fork McKenzie River, Oregon 1998-00 Abstract -- In 1993, Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife (ODFW) began placing adult chinook salmon that were excess to hatchery operations at McKenzie and Willamette Hatchery above Cougar Dam in an attempt to restore some of the biological contributions salmon made to the ecology of the South Fork McKenzie River prior to Cougar Dam construction (Table 1). Contributions included increased nutrient input to the ecosystem and an additional food source for predators, including bull trout. In addition, the progeny of these adult salmon provided a landlocked chinook fishery in the reservoir and ODFW was able to discontinue annual releases of juvenile salmon reared in ODFW hatcheries (1996). ODFW assumed most of the salmon attempting to leave the reservoir would be killed by various means upon passage through the turbines or regulating outlet. Between 1994-97, ODFW field observations provided circumstantial evidence that some juvenile chinook were surviving passage through the dam. In 1998, we began monitoring juvenile chinook migration out of the reservoir to determine the number, size, age, and mortality rate of fish passing through the turbines and regulating outlet of Cougar Dam. Close

• 66. [Article] Recovery of Wild Coho Salmon In Salmon River Basin, 2008-2010 Report Number: OPSW-ODFW-2011-10

  Abstract -- Hatcheries have been a centerpiece of salmon management in the Pacific Northwest for more than a century but recent evidence of adverse interactions between hatchery and naturally-produced ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Recovery of Wild Coho Salmon In Salmon River Basin, 2008-2010 Report Number: OPSW-ODFW-2011-10 Abstract -- Hatcheries have been a centerpiece of salmon management in the Pacific Northwest for more than a century but recent evidence of adverse interactions between hatchery and naturally-produced salmon have resulted in substantial changes in many hatchery programs. In 2007 the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife terminated a 30-year artificial propagation program for coho salmon in the Salmon River basin after a status assessment concluded that wild population viability was threatened by hatchery effects on salmon productivity (Chilcote et al. 2005). Hatchery-reared coho comprised 50-100% of the naturally spawning population in recent years. Low productivity was reflected in a low spawner to recruit ratio, and life-stage specific survival was lower than that of nearby populations. The temporal distribution of adult spawning in the basin was truncated and peaked 1.5 months earlier relative to the pre-hatchery period and adjacent coastal populations. The cessation of hatchery releases into Salmon River not only removed the primary factor believed to limit productivity of the local population, it also constituted a rare management experiment to test whether a naturally-spawning population can recover from a prolonged period of low abundance after interactions with hatchery-produced coho salmon are eliminated. This report summarizes the results of coho population studies at Salmon River for the first three years after the hatchery program was discontinued. The study in Salmon River is timely because ecological interactions between hatchery and wild fish have been implicated in the reduced survival and decreased productivity of wild coho and other salmonid populations (Nickelson 2003, Buhle et al. 2009, Chilcote et al. 2011). Recent studies involving a diversity of salmonid species and watersheds have shown a negative relationship between hatchery spawner abundance and wild population productivity regardless of the duration of hatchery influence (Chilcote et al. 2011). Yet neither the mechanisms of these productivity declines nor their potential reversibility have been investigated. Recent management changes at Salmon River provide an opportunity to experimentally evaluate coho salmon survival and productivity following the elimination of a decades-long hatchery program. The results will provide new insights into the reversibility of hatchery effects and the rate, mechanisms, and trajectory of response by a naturally spawning coho salmon population. Hatchery programs have been shown to change the timing and distribution of naturally spawning adults, but ecological and genetic influences on the spatial structure and life history diversity of juvenile populations are poorly understood. Conventional understanding of the life history of juvenile coho has presumed a relatively fixed pattern of rearing and migration. However, recent studies have found much greater variation in juvenile life history and habitat-use patterns than previously expected (Miller and Sadro 2003, Koski 2009), including evidence that estuaries may play a prominent role in the life histories of some coho salmon populations. A recent study in the Salmon River basin found considerable diversity in the life histories of juvenile Chinook salmon, including extended rearing by fry and other subyearling migrants within the complex network of natural and restored estuarine wetlands (Bottom et al. 2005). Unfortunately, interpretation of juvenile life history variations at Salmon River was confounded by the Chinook hatchery program, which has concentrated spawning activity in the lower river near the hatchery and may directly influence juvenile migration and rearing patterns. Discontinuation of the coho hatchery program at Salmon River provides an opportunity to quantify changes in juvenile life history following the elimination of all hatchery-fish interactions with the naturally spawning population. Such responses may provide important insights into the mechanisms of hatchery influence on wild salmon productivity and population resilience. Our research integrates adult and juvenile life stages, examines linkages to physical habitat conditions in fresh water and the estuary, and describes variability between juvenile performance and adult returns. It also monitors the coho salmon population across habitat types and life history stages to identify population responses at a landscape scale. We will determine productivity and survival at each salmon life stage and monitor the response of the adult population following the cessation of the coho salmon hatchery program. From these indicators, we will determine the potential resiliency of the coho salmon population, and evaluate the biological benefits or tradeoffs of returning the ecosystem to natural salmon production. Our study design encompasses four population phases: (1) pre-hatchery conditions (Mullen 1979), (2) dominance by hatchery-reared spawners (2008), (3) first generation naturally produced juveniles (2009-2011), and (4) second generation naturally produced juveniles (starting in 2012). This research will validate assumptions about factors limiting coho recovery and determine whether recovery actions have been effective. Here, we report on findings from 2008-2010 to address four principal objectives: 1. Quantify life stage specific survival and recruits per spawner ratio of the coho salmon population before and after hatchery coho salmon are removed from Salmon River. 2. Assess whether the Salmon River coho population is limited by capacity and complexity of stream habitat. 3. Describe the diversity of juvenile and adult life histories of coho salmon in the Salmon River basin, and estimate the relative contributions of various juvenile life histories to adult returns. 4. Determine seasonal use of the Salmon River estuary and its tidally-inundated wetlands by juvenile coho salmon. The field sampling that supported the study on coho salmon also captured Chinook salmon and steelhead and cutthroat trout during routine sampling in the watershed and estuary. This report emphasizes coho salmon results, but also summarizes catch, distribution, and migration data for other salmonids to compare densities and abundances in freshwater and the estuary. Additional results for Chinook, steelhead, and cutthroat are presented in Appendix A. See Stein et al. (2011) for more detailed information on life history diversity, migration patterns, habitat use, and abundance of cutthroat trout. Title: Recovery of Wild Coho Salmon In Salmon River Basin, 2008-2010 Report Number: OPSW-ODFW-2011-10 Abstract -- Hatcheries have been a centerpiece of salmon management in the Pacific Northwest for more than a century but recent evidence of adverse interactions between hatchery and naturally-produced salmon have resulted in substantial changes in many hatchery programs. In 2007 the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife terminated a 30-year artificial propagation program for coho salmon in the Salmon River basin after a status assessment concluded that wild population viability was threatened by hatchery effects on salmon productivity (Chilcote et al. 2005). Hatchery-reared coho comprised 50-100% of the naturally spawning population in recent years. Low productivity was reflected in a low spawner to recruit ratio, and life-stage specific survival was lower than that of nearby populations. The temporal distribution of adult spawning in the basin was truncated and peaked 1.5 months earlier relative to the pre-hatchery period and adjacent coastal populations. The cessation of hatchery releases into Salmon River not only removed the primary factor believed to limit productivity of the local population, it also constituted a rare management experiment to test whether a naturally-spawning population can recover from a prolonged period of low abundance after interactions with hatchery-produced coho salmon are eliminated. This report summarizes the results of coho population studies at Salmon River for the first three years after the hatchery program was discontinued. The study in Salmon River is timely because ecological interactions between hatchery and wild fish have been implicated in the reduced survival and decreased productivity of wild coho and other salmonid populations (Nickelson 2003, Buhle et al. 2009, Chilcote et al. 2011). Recent studies involving a diversity of salmonid species and watersheds have shown a negative relationship between hatchery spawner abundance and wild population productivity regardless of the duration of hatchery influence (Chilcote et al. 2011). Yet neither the mechanisms of these productivity declines nor their potential reversibility have been investigated. Recent management changes at Salmon River provide an opportunity to experimentally evaluate coho salmon survival and productivity following the elimination of a decades-long hatchery program. The results will provide new insights into the reversibility of hatchery effects and the rate, mechanisms, and trajectory of response by a naturally spawning coho salmon population. Hatchery programs have been shown to change the timing and distribution of naturally spawning adults, but ecological and genetic influences on the spatial structure and life history diversity of juvenile populations are poorly understood. Conventional understanding of the life history of juvenile coho has presumed a relatively fixed pattern of rearing and migration. However, recent studies have found much greater variation in juvenile life history and habitat-use patterns than previously expected (Miller and Sadro 2003, Koski 2009), including evidence that estuaries may play a prominent role in the life histories of some coho salmon populations. A recent study in the Salmon River basin found considerable diversity in the life histories of juvenile Chinook salmon, including extended rearing by fry and other subyearling migrants within the complex network of natural and restored estuarine wetlands (Bottom et al. 2005). Unfortunately, interpretation of juvenile life history variations at Salmon River was confounded by the Chinook hatchery program, which has concentrated spawning activity in the lower river near the hatchery and may directly influence juvenile migration and rearing patterns. Discontinuation of the coho hatchery program at Salmon River provides an opportunity to quantify changes in juvenile life history following the elimination of all hatchery-fish interactions with the naturally spawning population. Such responses may provide important insights into the mechanisms of hatchery influence on wild salmon productivity and population resilience. Our research integrates adult and juvenile life stages, examines linkages to physical habitat conditions in fresh water and the estuary, and describes variability between juvenile performance and adult returns. It also monitors the coho salmon population across habitat types and life history stages to identify population responses at a landscape scale. We will determine productivity and survival at each salmon life stage and monitor the response of the adult population following the cessation of the coho salmon hatchery program. From these indicators, we will determine the potential resiliency of the coho salmon population, and evaluate the biological benefits or tradeoffs of returning the ecosystem to natural salmon production. Our study design encompasses four population phases: (1) pre-hatchery conditions (Mullen 1979), (2) dominance by hatchery-reared spawners (2008), (3) first generation naturally produced juveniles (2009-2011), and (4) second generation naturally produced juveniles (starting in 2012). This research will validate assumptions about factors limiting coho recovery and determine whether recovery actions have been effective. Here, we report on findings from 2008-2010 to address four principal objectives: 1. Quantify life stage specific survival and recruits per spawner ratio of the coho salmon population before and after hatchery coho salmon are removed from Salmon River. 2. Assess whether the Salmon River coho population is limited by capacity and complexity of stream habitat. 3. Describe the diversity of juvenile and adult life histories of coho salmon in the Salmon River basin, and estimate the relative contributions of various juvenile life histories to adult returns. 4. Determine seasonal use of the Salmon River estuary and its tidally-inundated wetlands by juvenile coho salmon. The field sampling that supported the study on coho salmon also captured Chinook salmon and steelhead and cutthroat trout during routine sampling in the watershed and estuary. This report emphasizes coho salmon results, but also summarizes catch, distribution, and migration data for other salmonids to compare densities and abundances in freshwater and the estuary. Additional results for Chinook, steelhead, and cutthroat are presented in Appendix A. See Stein et al. (2011) for more detailed information on life history diversity, migration patterns, habitat use, and abundance of cutthroat trout. Close

• 67. [Article] Native Trout Studies, Annual Progress Report, Project # F-136-R-12

  Abstract -- During 1999, we operated traps to capture upstream and downstream migrant westslope cutthroat trout in the upper mainstem John Day River and three of its tributaries. We also operated a rotary ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Native Trout Studies, Annual Progress Report, Project # F-136-R-12 Abstract -- During 1999, we operated traps to capture upstream and downstream migrant westslope cutthroat trout in the upper mainstem John Day River and three of its tributaries. We also operated a rotary screw trap in the John Day River downstream of all tributary traps. These traps were operated from May throughout the contract period. A total of 94 westslope cutthroat trout were captured in all traps, ranging in size from 7 to 39 cm. The screw trap also captured 4,014 fish of six other species. We continued to track cutthroat trout with radio tags implanted in 1998 throughout the life of the tags. These fish displayed a variety of movements, including fluvial migrations from Roberts Creek into the mainstem John Day River, localized movements, and a suggestion of extensive movement. We prepared a draft report of that summarizes information about westslope cutthroat trout in the John Day Basin. We helped determine the distribution and abundance of bull trout and sympatric rainbow trout in four streams of the Middle Fork John Day River. Title: Native Trout Studies, Annual Progress Report, Project # F-136-R-12 Abstract -- During 1999, we operated traps to capture upstream and downstream migrant westslope cutthroat trout in the upper mainstem John Day River and three of its tributaries. We also operated a rotary screw trap in the John Day River downstream of all tributary traps. These traps were operated from May throughout the contract period. A total of 94 westslope cutthroat trout were captured in all traps, ranging in size from 7 to 39 cm. The screw trap also captured 4,014 fish of six other species. We continued to track cutthroat trout with radio tags implanted in 1998 throughout the life of the tags. These fish displayed a variety of movements, including fluvial migrations from Roberts Creek into the mainstem John Day River, localized movements, and a suggestion of extensive movement. We prepared a draft report of that summarizes information about westslope cutthroat trout in the John Day Basin. We helped determine the distribution and abundance of bull trout and sympatric rainbow trout in four streams of the Middle Fork John Day River. Close

• 68. [Article] Trout in Running Waters 1994 - Draft

  Abstract -- This chapter covers management of resident trout species in the Rogue, Applegate, and Illinois rivers and all associated tributary streams (running waters) of the Rogue River basin. Resident ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Trout in Running Waters 1994 - Draft Abstract -- This chapter covers management of resident trout species in the Rogue, Applegate, and Illinois rivers and all associated tributary streams (running waters) of the Rogue River basin. Resident rainbow and resident, fluvial, and anadromous cutthroat trout are native to the Rogue River basin. Angling for trout in the Rogue River basin did not become popular until the 1930s. At this time, cutthroat and downstream migrating steelhead were abundant and easily caught from streams in settled areas of the Rogue basin. Mining roads provided easy access to the headwaters of the Applegate and Illinois rivers, Jumpoff Joe creek, and Grave creek where trout fishing was most popular. The California-Oregon Power Company developed roads that provided access to trout fishing waters in the Prospect area in 1912 and the upper Rogue River and its tributaries became accessible in 1927 when the Crater Lake Highway was completed. The Civil Conservation corps developed foot paths and roads into remote parts of the basin in the 1930s. Trout fishing in high pressure areas in the Rogue basin is maintained by stocking. A list of species and numbers of hatchery fish stocked in running waters of the Rogue River basin is presented in Appendix Table A-4. Title: Trout in Running Waters 1994 - Draft Abstract -- This chapter covers management of resident trout species in the Rogue, Applegate, and Illinois rivers and all associated tributary streams (running waters) of the Rogue River basin. Resident rainbow and resident, fluvial, and anadromous cutthroat trout are native to the Rogue River basin. Angling for trout in the Rogue River basin did not become popular until the 1930s. At this time, cutthroat and downstream migrating steelhead were abundant and easily caught from streams in settled areas of the Rogue basin. Mining roads provided easy access to the headwaters of the Applegate and Illinois rivers, Jumpoff Joe creek, and Grave creek where trout fishing was most popular. The California-Oregon Power Company developed roads that provided access to trout fishing waters in the Prospect area in 1912 and the upper Rogue River and its tributaries became accessible in 1927 when the Crater Lake Highway was completed. The Civil Conservation corps developed foot paths and roads into remote parts of the basin in the 1930s. Trout fishing in high pressure areas in the Rogue basin is maintained by stocking. A list of species and numbers of hatchery fish stocked in running waters of the Rogue River basin is presented in Appendix Table A-4. Close

• 69. [Article] Coho Life History in Tide Gated Lowland Coastal Streams, 2016-2018

  Abstract -- Coos Watershed Association’s (CoosWA) coho life history in tide gated lowland coastal streams, a life cycle monitoring (LCM) project, examines the ecology of tidal rearing for coho in the Coos ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Coho Life History in Tide Gated Lowland Coastal Streams, 2016-2018 Abstract -- Coos Watershed Association’s (CoosWA) coho life history in tide gated lowland coastal streams, a life cycle monitoring (LCM) project, examines the ecology of tidal rearing for coho in the Coos River Basin. This project has adapted to and advanced the recent paradigm shift in juvenile coho life histories, rearing and foraging strategies, growth, survival, migrations, and sub-basin level population productivity in the tidal zone. Temporal and spatial components of coho over-winter rearing strategies, in relation to habitat use and project effectiveness monitoring, is the monitoring focus in the paired study streams of Palouse and Willanch Creeks. Project results further reveal the fundamental mechanisms that promote juvenile coho growth and survival in the estuarine ecotone. In conjunction with prior and current data, results highlight the critical importance of these diverse habitats for recovering viable and resilient Oregon Coast coho populations. Title: Coho Life History in Tide Gated Lowland Coastal Streams, 2016-2018 Abstract -- Coos Watershed Association’s (CoosWA) coho life history in tide gated lowland coastal streams, a life cycle monitoring (LCM) project, examines the ecology of tidal rearing for coho in the Coos River Basin. This project has adapted to and advanced the recent paradigm shift in juvenile coho life histories, rearing and foraging strategies, growth, survival, migrations, and sub-basin level population productivity in the tidal zone. Temporal and spatial components of coho over-winter rearing strategies, in relation to habitat use and project effectiveness monitoring, is the monitoring focus in the paired study streams of Palouse and Willanch Creeks. Project results further reveal the fundamental mechanisms that promote juvenile coho growth and survival in the estuarine ecotone. In conjunction with prior and current data, results highlight the critical importance of these diverse habitats for recovering viable and resilient Oregon Coast coho populations. Close

• 70. [Article] Burnt River Basin Master Plan for Angler Access and Associated Recreational Uses 1966

  Abstract -- The Burnt River headwaters are found along the southwestern Baker County line. The North, South, and Middle Forks join at Unity Reservoir about five miles north of the town of Unity. Below ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Burnt River Basin Master Plan for Angler Access and Associated Recreational Uses 1966 Abstract -- The Burnt River headwaters are found along the southwestern Baker County line. The North, South, and Middle Forks join at Unity Reservoir about five miles north of the town of Unity. Below Unity Dam, the river makes its way through the Burnt River Valley. The 63.5 miles of the main river below Unity Dam is heavily infested with rough fish. To produce a good fishery, the river would need rehabilitation that would include: 1) Chemical treatment of the river and tributaries to remove the rough fish population. 2) Reintroduction of suitable fish species. 3) Construction of a barrier at downstream end to prevent upstream migration of rough fish from lower impoundments; e.g., Brownlee Reservoir. With the removal of rough fish, trout and warm-water game fish could be established and would produce good angling. At present, the trout fishery is confined to Unity Reservoir and the area directly below the dam. Trout angling on the forks of the system is limited and restricted to the early spring. Warm-water game fish are taken in the lower river in early spring. Title: Burnt River Basin Master Plan for Angler Access and Associated Recreational Uses 1966 Abstract -- The Burnt River headwaters are found along the southwestern Baker County line. The North, South, and Middle Forks join at Unity Reservoir about five miles north of the town of Unity. Below Unity Dam, the river makes its way through the Burnt River Valley. The 63.5 miles of the main river below Unity Dam is heavily infested with rough fish. To produce a good fishery, the river would need rehabilitation that would include: 1) Chemical treatment of the river and tributaries to remove the rough fish population. 2) Reintroduction of suitable fish species. 3) Construction of a barrier at downstream end to prevent upstream migration of rough fish from lower impoundments; e.g., Brownlee Reservoir. With the removal of rough fish, trout and warm-water game fish could be established and would produce good angling. At present, the trout fishery is confined to Unity Reservoir and the area directly below the dam. Trout angling on the forks of the system is limited and restricted to the early spring. Warm-water game fish are taken in the lower river in early spring. Close

• 71. [Article] Little Deschutes Subbasin Watershed Assessment

  Abstract -- Many of the impacts to fish and wildlife habitat and water quality in the Little Deschutes River Subbasin are concentrated in the areas of housing, roads, and other human development. Most ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Little Deschutes Subbasin Watershed Assessment Abstract -- Many of the impacts to fish and wildlife habitat and water quality in the Little Deschutes River Subbasin are concentrated in the areas of housing, roads, and other human development. Most of the human population in the subbasin is concentrated around the community centers of La Pine, Gilchrist, Crescent, and Crescent Lake. There is significant dispersed development along the lower reaches of the Little Deschutes River between the communities of Sunriver and La Pine -an area characterized by gentle topography and depressions with forested wetlands, marshes and shallow lakes. Streams in this area, as illustrated by the Little Deschutes River , are low gradient and originate in the high elevation areas in the southwest portion of the watershed where there is higher precipitation. This ownership pattern has significant implications for natural resource management, as lower gradient floodplain areas tend to provide important wetland, fish, and wildlife habitat. Key Findings Fuel Loading: Having homes safe from wildfires is a concern for many residents. Fire suppression has increased the amount of dry wood in the area, creating a ready source for major wildfires. Riparian Areas and Wetlands: Loss of wetland and riparian areas , especially in the lower areas along the Little Deschutes River , has affected a number of resources. Water quality has been affected by the reduced wetlands that act as filters of nitrogen; the loss of streamside trees and other vegetation reduces shade that helps to cool water temperatures. Finally, loss ofwetlands and riparian vegetation has reduced important fish and wildlife habitats. Wildlife: The growth and development have altered wildlife habitats. Loss of wetlands, streamside vegetation, and other changes in the watershed have reduced important wildlife habitat. Roads and development have impacted migrating mule deer, increasing collisions between deer and cars and altering their migration pathways. Fish: There has been a significant loss of native trout and an increase in introduced brook and brown trout in the Little Deschutes River and tributaries. Loss of native trout is from competition with introduced species and changes in aquatic habitat and water temperatures. Water Quality: A major concern about the water in the river is unusually high temperatures in the summer and the abnormal growth of algae. Other studies indicated that there are problems with groundwater loading ofnitrogen. The high water table (with associated wetlands), and porous pumice soils contributes to increased nitrates, a by-product of septic systems and an indicator of human pathogens. Title: Little Deschutes Subbasin Watershed Assessment Abstract -- Many of the impacts to fish and wildlife habitat and water quality in the Little Deschutes River Subbasin are concentrated in the areas of housing, roads, and other human development. Most of the human population in the subbasin is concentrated around the community centers of La Pine, Gilchrist, Crescent, and Crescent Lake. There is significant dispersed development along the lower reaches of the Little Deschutes River between the communities of Sunriver and La Pine -an area characterized by gentle topography and depressions with forested wetlands, marshes and shallow lakes. Streams in this area, as illustrated by the Little Deschutes River , are low gradient and originate in the high elevation areas in the southwest portion of the watershed where there is higher precipitation. This ownership pattern has significant implications for natural resource management, as lower gradient floodplain areas tend to provide important wetland, fish, and wildlife habitat. Key Findings Fuel Loading: Having homes safe from wildfires is a concern for many residents. Fire suppression has increased the amount of dry wood in the area, creating a ready source for major wildfires. Riparian Areas and Wetlands: Loss of wetland and riparian areas , especially in the lower areas along the Little Deschutes River , has affected a number of resources. Water quality has been affected by the reduced wetlands that act as filters of nitrogen; the loss of streamside trees and other vegetation reduces shade that helps to cool water temperatures. Finally, loss ofwetlands and riparian vegetation has reduced important fish and wildlife habitats. Wildlife: The growth and development have altered wildlife habitats. Loss of wetlands, streamside vegetation, and other changes in the watershed have reduced important wildlife habitat. Roads and development have impacted migrating mule deer, increasing collisions between deer and cars and altering their migration pathways. Fish: There has been a significant loss of native trout and an increase in introduced brook and brown trout in the Little Deschutes River and tributaries. Loss of native trout is from competition with introduced species and changes in aquatic habitat and water temperatures. Water Quality: A major concern about the water in the river is unusually high temperatures in the summer and the abnormal growth of algae. Other studies indicated that there are problems with groundwater loading ofnitrogen. The high water table (with associated wetlands), and porous pumice soils contributes to increased nitrates, a by-product of septic systems and an indicator of human pathogens. Close

• 72. [Article] The Effect of Moderately Increased and Variable Raceway Flow Rates on Juvenile Physiology, Survival and Adult Return of Hatchery-reared Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha - Information Reports Number 2005-02

  Abstract -- To improve post-release survival in nature, salmon hatcheries have begun to better simulate natural conditions, such as increasing the flow rate in raceways to a rate similar to that seen in ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The Effect of Moderately Increased and Variable Raceway Flow Rates on Juvenile Physiology, Survival and Adult Return of Hatchery-reared Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha - Information Reports Number 2005-02 Abstract -- To improve post-release survival in nature, salmon hatcheries have begun to better simulate natural conditions, such as increasing the flow rate in raceways to a rate similar to that seen in nature. This “exercises” the salmon in the expectation that improving swimming ability will improve their survival during smolt migration, resulting in better survival to adulthood. We examined the effect of variable moderate flow rates (0.25-0.75 body lengths per second) on growth and physiology of juvenile chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha and their ability to withstand acute stress, survive downstream migration and return as adults. Over the 5-8 month sampling period, mean length, weight and condition factor increased similarly in both the exercised and control groups. Mean plasma glucose levels were similar in each treatment group and peaked in early spring of each year. Hematocrit did not vary in a consistent trend for either treatment group or cohort. Hepatosomatic index (HSI) decreased in the 1994 cohort control group and increased in the 1995 cohort exercised group. In both cohorts, liver glycogen levels decreased through the winter and continued to decline in the 1994 cohort while in the 1995 cohort there was a significant peak in liver glycogen levels in each group during March 1997. Following stress, mean plasma glucose and cortisol levels increased, mean hematocrit varied inconsistently, mean HSI generally decreased, mean CSI decreased inconsistently in the 1995 cohort and mean liver glycogen level did not change. Mean survival of smolts to Lower Granite Dam did not vary between treatment groups with detection rates ranging narrowly from 58.7-60.7%. Mean percentage of adults returning at age 3 was higher for exercised salmon than for controls and a higher percentage of controls returned at age 5 than exercised salmon. Mean smolt-to-adult survival rate varied significantly between cohorts but there was no difference in mean survival rate between treatment groups. Variation within cohorts was greater between the exercised raceways than the controls, indicating that additional years of study are needed to compensate for large differences in survival between cohorts to make any conclusions regarding differences between treatments. Our results provide little evidence that rearing chinook salmon under a moderately increased and seasonally variable flow regime provided any benefit to the salmon over a steady low flow. Lower Snake River Compensation Plan (LSRCP) ODFW- Eastern Oregon Fish Research (EOFR) Title: The Effect of Moderately Increased and Variable Raceway Flow Rates on Juvenile Physiology, Survival and Adult Return of Hatchery-reared Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha - Information Reports Number 2005-02 Abstract -- To improve post-release survival in nature, salmon hatcheries have begun to better simulate natural conditions, such as increasing the flow rate in raceways to a rate similar to that seen in nature. This “exercises” the salmon in the expectation that improving swimming ability will improve their survival during smolt migration, resulting in better survival to adulthood. We examined the effect of variable moderate flow rates (0.25-0.75 body lengths per second) on growth and physiology of juvenile chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha and their ability to withstand acute stress, survive downstream migration and return as adults. Over the 5-8 month sampling period, mean length, weight and condition factor increased similarly in both the exercised and control groups. Mean plasma glucose levels were similar in each treatment group and peaked in early spring of each year. Hematocrit did not vary in a consistent trend for either treatment group or cohort. Hepatosomatic index (HSI) decreased in the 1994 cohort control group and increased in the 1995 cohort exercised group. In both cohorts, liver glycogen levels decreased through the winter and continued to decline in the 1994 cohort while in the 1995 cohort there was a significant peak in liver glycogen levels in each group during March 1997. Following stress, mean plasma glucose and cortisol levels increased, mean hematocrit varied inconsistently, mean HSI generally decreased, mean CSI decreased inconsistently in the 1995 cohort and mean liver glycogen level did not change. Mean survival of smolts to Lower Granite Dam did not vary between treatment groups with detection rates ranging narrowly from 58.7-60.7%. Mean percentage of adults returning at age 3 was higher for exercised salmon than for controls and a higher percentage of controls returned at age 5 than exercised salmon. Mean smolt-to-adult survival rate varied significantly between cohorts but there was no difference in mean survival rate between treatment groups. Variation within cohorts was greater between the exercised raceways than the controls, indicating that additional years of study are needed to compensate for large differences in survival between cohorts to make any conclusions regarding differences between treatments. Our results provide little evidence that rearing chinook salmon under a moderately increased and seasonally variable flow regime provided any benefit to the salmon over a steady low flow. Lower Snake River Compensation Plan (LSRCP) ODFW- Eastern Oregon Fish Research (EOFR) Close

• 73. [Article] Klamath Mountains Province Steelhead Project, 1999 Annual Report Report Number: OPSW-ODFW-2002-09

  Abstract -- The steelhead supplement to the Oregon Plan for Salmon and Watersheds (OSPW) is intended to maintain wild steelhead populations in Oregon at sustainable and productive levels that provide substantial ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Klamath Mountains Province Steelhead Project, 1999 Annual Report Report Number: OPSW-ODFW-2002-09 Abstract -- The steelhead supplement to the Oregon Plan for Salmon and Watersheds (OSPW) is intended to maintain wild steelhead populations in Oregon at sustainable and productive levels that provide substantial environmental, cultural, and economic benefits. The OSPW attempts to better define “sustainable and productive” by committing the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife (ODFW) to establish “Population Health Goals” for each Evolutionary Significant Unit (ESU) of wild steelhead within the state. In addition, section ODFW IB1S of the plan calls for ODFW to assess adult escapement and juvenile production of wild steelhead in each ESU. The National Marine Fisheries Service identified seven ESUs for steelhead in Oregon and concluded that steelhead produced in coastal basins between Cape Blanco in southern Oregon and the Klamath River Basin in northern California constitutes one ESU. This area closely corresponds to the geologic boundaries of the Klamath Mountains Province (KMP). Steelhead in the KMP differ from those in adjoining areas because of distinctive life history and genetic characteristics (Busby et al. 1994). Primary differences in life history parameters have been identified for wild KMP steelhead. Summer steelhead and winter steelhead differ in time of return as adults, tendency to return to fresh water on a false spawning migration (the “half-pounder” run), age at ocean entry, growth rate and migration patterns of juveniles in fresh water (ODFW 1990a; ODFW 1994). As a result of these differences, separate health goals seem warranted for summer and winter steelhead populations. Winter steelhead inhabit streams throughout the KMP, while summer steelhead are found only in a portion of the Rogue River Basin. However, the distribution of summer and winter steelhead overlap in major areas of the Rogue River Basin (Everest 1973) and as juveniles of the respective races cannot be differentiated, some population health goals will have to apply to both races. The status of wild steelhead in the Klamath Mountains Province ESU is not readily apparent. Busby et al. (1994) concluded that the steelhead in this ESU “is not now at risk of extinction, but if present trends continue, it is likely to become so in the foreseeable future”. In contrast, Chilcote (1998) concluded that almost all steelhead populations in the Oregon portion of the ESU “are relatively healthy and certainly do not warrant listing as threatened under the ESA”. Uncertainty as to the status of the resource, coupled with the comprehensive conservation plan developed by Oregon and the termination of wild fish harvest in all streams except the Rogue River, lead the National Marine Fisheries Service to defer a listing of KMP steelhead under the Endangered Species Act. However, KMP steelhead remained a candidate species during 1999. The goal of this project is to develop and implement assessment methods to determine the status of wild steelhead in the Oregon portion of the KMP. Project objectives include (1) develop population health goals and allied monitoring methods and (2) determine resource status in relation to health goals. Attainment of all of the population health goals will likely indicate that the populations of wild steelhead in the KMP are healthy and may allow managers to restore harvest opportunities for wild fish. Conversely, failure to attain any of the population health goals will likely indicate that the populations are depressed and would likely lead to actions designed to minimize fishing mortality. However, in most years it is likely that some goals will be attained while some will not be attained. Under that scenario, and depending on which goals are attained, selective fisheries, like the current one for wild winter steelhead in the Rogue River, remain as viable options for fishery managers. Title: Klamath Mountains Province Steelhead Project, 1999 Annual Report Report Number: OPSW-ODFW-2002-09 Abstract -- The steelhead supplement to the Oregon Plan for Salmon and Watersheds (OSPW) is intended to maintain wild steelhead populations in Oregon at sustainable and productive levels that provide substantial environmental, cultural, and economic benefits. The OSPW attempts to better define “sustainable and productive” by committing the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife (ODFW) to establish “Population Health Goals” for each Evolutionary Significant Unit (ESU) of wild steelhead within the state. In addition, section ODFW IB1S of the plan calls for ODFW to assess adult escapement and juvenile production of wild steelhead in each ESU. The National Marine Fisheries Service identified seven ESUs for steelhead in Oregon and concluded that steelhead produced in coastal basins between Cape Blanco in southern Oregon and the Klamath River Basin in northern California constitutes one ESU. This area closely corresponds to the geologic boundaries of the Klamath Mountains Province (KMP). Steelhead in the KMP differ from those in adjoining areas because of distinctive life history and genetic characteristics (Busby et al. 1994). Primary differences in life history parameters have been identified for wild KMP steelhead. Summer steelhead and winter steelhead differ in time of return as adults, tendency to return to fresh water on a false spawning migration (the “half-pounder” run), age at ocean entry, growth rate and migration patterns of juveniles in fresh water (ODFW 1990a; ODFW 1994). As a result of these differences, separate health goals seem warranted for summer and winter steelhead populations. Winter steelhead inhabit streams throughout the KMP, while summer steelhead are found only in a portion of the Rogue River Basin. However, the distribution of summer and winter steelhead overlap in major areas of the Rogue River Basin (Everest 1973) and as juveniles of the respective races cannot be differentiated, some population health goals will have to apply to both races. The status of wild steelhead in the Klamath Mountains Province ESU is not readily apparent. Busby et al. (1994) concluded that the steelhead in this ESU “is not now at risk of extinction, but if present trends continue, it is likely to become so in the foreseeable future”. In contrast, Chilcote (1998) concluded that almost all steelhead populations in the Oregon portion of the ESU “are relatively healthy and certainly do not warrant listing as threatened under the ESA”. Uncertainty as to the status of the resource, coupled with the comprehensive conservation plan developed by Oregon and the termination of wild fish harvest in all streams except the Rogue River, lead the National Marine Fisheries Service to defer a listing of KMP steelhead under the Endangered Species Act. However, KMP steelhead remained a candidate species during 1999. The goal of this project is to develop and implement assessment methods to determine the status of wild steelhead in the Oregon portion of the KMP. Project objectives include (1) develop population health goals and allied monitoring methods and (2) determine resource status in relation to health goals. Attainment of all of the population health goals will likely indicate that the populations of wild steelhead in the KMP are healthy and may allow managers to restore harvest opportunities for wild fish. Conversely, failure to attain any of the population health goals will likely indicate that the populations are depressed and would likely lead to actions designed to minimize fishing mortality. However, in most years it is likely that some goals will be attained while some will not be attained. Under that scenario, and depending on which goals are attained, selective fisheries, like the current one for wild winter steelhead in the Rogue River, remain as viable options for fishery managers. Close

• 74. [Article] Klamath Mountains Province Steelhead Project, 2000-01 Annual Report Report Number: OPSW-ODFW-2003-08

  Abstract -- The steelhead supplement to the Oregon Plan for Salmon and Watersheds (OSPW) is intended to maintain wild steelhead populations in Oregon at sustainable and productive levels that provide substantial ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Klamath Mountains Province Steelhead Project, 2000-01 Annual Report Report Number: OPSW-ODFW-2003-08 Abstract -- The steelhead supplement to the Oregon Plan for Salmon and Watersheds (OSPW) is intended to maintain wild steelhead populations in Oregon at sustainable and productive levels that provide substantial environmental, cultural, and economic benefits. The OSPW attempts to better define "sustainable and productive" by committing the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife (ODFW) to establish "Population Health Goals" for each Evolutionary Significant Unit (ESU) of wild steelhead within the state. In addition, section ODFW IB1S of the plan calls for ODFW to assess adult escapement and juvenile production of wild steelhead in each ESU. The National Marine Fisheries Service identified seven ESUs for steelhead in Oregon and concluded that steelhead produced in coastal basins between Cape Blanco in southern Oregon and the Klamath River Basin in northern California constitutes one ESU. This area closely corresponds to the geologic boundaries of the Klamath Mountains Province (KMP). Steelhead in the KMP differ from those in adjoining areas because of distinctive life history and genetic characteristics (Busby et al. 1994). Primary differences in life history parameters have been identified for wild KMP steelhead. Summer steelhead and winter steelhead differ in time of return as adults, tendency to return to fresh water on a false spawning migration (the "half-pounder" run), age at ocean entry, growth rate and migration patterns of juveniles in fresh water (ODFW 1990; ODFW 1994). As a result of these differences, separate health goals seem warranted for summer and winter steelhead populations. Winter steelhead inhabit streams throughout the KMP, while summer steelhead are found only in a portion of the Rogue River Basin. However, the distribution of summer and winter steelhead overlap in major areas of the Rogue River Basin (Everest 1973) and as juveniles of the respective races cannot be differentiated, some population health goals will have to apply to both races. The status of wild steelhead in the Klamath Mountains Province ESU is not readily apparent. Busby et al. (1994) concluded that the steelhead in this ESU “is not now at risk of extinction, but if present trends continue, it is likely to become so in the foreseeable future”. In contrast, Chilcote (1998) concluded that almost all steelhead populations in the Oregon portion of the ESU "are relatively healthy and certainly do not warrant listing as threatened under the ESA". Uncertainty as to the status of the resource, coupled with the comprehensive conservation plan developed by Oregon and the termination of wild fish harvest in all streams except the Rogue River, lead the National Marine Fisheries Service to defer a listing of KMP steelhead under the Endangered Species Act. However, KMP steelhead remained a candidate species during 2000. The goal of this project is to develop and implement assessment methods to determine the status of wild steelhead in the Oregon portion of the KMP. Project objectives include (1) develop population health goals and allied monitoring methods and (2) determine resource status in relation to health goals. Directed sampling began in 1999 and the findings from 1999 were reported by Satterthwaite (2002a). Title: Klamath Mountains Province Steelhead Project, 2000-01 Annual Report Report Number: OPSW-ODFW-2003-08 Abstract -- The steelhead supplement to the Oregon Plan for Salmon and Watersheds (OSPW) is intended to maintain wild steelhead populations in Oregon at sustainable and productive levels that provide substantial environmental, cultural, and economic benefits. The OSPW attempts to better define "sustainable and productive" by committing the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife (ODFW) to establish "Population Health Goals" for each Evolutionary Significant Unit (ESU) of wild steelhead within the state. In addition, section ODFW IB1S of the plan calls for ODFW to assess adult escapement and juvenile production of wild steelhead in each ESU. The National Marine Fisheries Service identified seven ESUs for steelhead in Oregon and concluded that steelhead produced in coastal basins between Cape Blanco in southern Oregon and the Klamath River Basin in northern California constitutes one ESU. This area closely corresponds to the geologic boundaries of the Klamath Mountains Province (KMP). Steelhead in the KMP differ from those in adjoining areas because of distinctive life history and genetic characteristics (Busby et al. 1994). Primary differences in life history parameters have been identified for wild KMP steelhead. Summer steelhead and winter steelhead differ in time of return as adults, tendency to return to fresh water on a false spawning migration (the "half-pounder" run), age at ocean entry, growth rate and migration patterns of juveniles in fresh water (ODFW 1990; ODFW 1994). As a result of these differences, separate health goals seem warranted for summer and winter steelhead populations. Winter steelhead inhabit streams throughout the KMP, while summer steelhead are found only in a portion of the Rogue River Basin. However, the distribution of summer and winter steelhead overlap in major areas of the Rogue River Basin (Everest 1973) and as juveniles of the respective races cannot be differentiated, some population health goals will have to apply to both races. The status of wild steelhead in the Klamath Mountains Province ESU is not readily apparent. Busby et al. (1994) concluded that the steelhead in this ESU “is not now at risk of extinction, but if present trends continue, it is likely to become so in the foreseeable future”. In contrast, Chilcote (1998) concluded that almost all steelhead populations in the Oregon portion of the ESU "are relatively healthy and certainly do not warrant listing as threatened under the ESA". Uncertainty as to the status of the resource, coupled with the comprehensive conservation plan developed by Oregon and the termination of wild fish harvest in all streams except the Rogue River, lead the National Marine Fisheries Service to defer a listing of KMP steelhead under the Endangered Species Act. However, KMP steelhead remained a candidate species during 2000. The goal of this project is to develop and implement assessment methods to determine the status of wild steelhead in the Oregon portion of the KMP. Project objectives include (1) develop population health goals and allied monitoring methods and (2) determine resource status in relation to health goals. Directed sampling began in 1999 and the findings from 1999 were reported by Satterthwaite (2002a). Close

• 75. [Article] Klamath Mountains Province Steelhead Project, 2001-02 Annual Report Report Number: OPSW-ODFW-2004-08

  Abstract -- The steelhead supplement to the Oregon Plan for Salmon and Watersheds (OSPW) is intended to maintain wild steelhead populations in Oregon at sustainable and productive levels that provide substantial ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Klamath Mountains Province Steelhead Project, 2001-02 Annual Report Report Number: OPSW-ODFW-2004-08 Abstract -- The steelhead supplement to the Oregon Plan for Salmon and Watersheds (OSPW) is intended to maintain wild steelhead populations in Oregon at sustainable and productive levels that provide substantial environmental, cultural, and economic benefits. The OSPW attempts to better define "sustainable and productive" by committing the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife (ODFW) to establish "Population Health Goals" for each Evolutionary Significant Unit (ESU) of wild steelhead within the state. In addition, section ODFW IB1S of the plan calls for ODFW to assess adult escapement and juvenile production of wild steelhead in each ESU. The National Marine Fisheries Service identified seven ESUs for steelhead in Oregon and concluded that steelhead produced in coastal basins between Cape Blanco in southern Oregon and the Klamath River Basin in northern California constitutes one ESU. This area closely corresponds to the geologic boundaries of the Klamath Mountains Province (KMP). Steelhead in the KMP differ from those in adjoining areas because of distinctive life history and genetic characteristics (Busby et al. 1994). Primary differences in life history parameters have been identified for wild KMP steelhead. Summer steelhead and winter steelhead differ in time of return as adults, tendency to return to fresh water on a false spawning migration (the "half-pounder" run), age at ocean entry, growth rate and migration patterns of juveniles in fresh water (ODFW 1990; ODFW 1994). As a result of these differences, separate health goals seem warranted for summer and winter steelhead populations. Winter steelhead inhabit streams throughout the KMP, while summer steelhead are found only in a portion of the Rogue River Basin. However, the distribution of summer and winter steelhead overlap in major areas of the Rogue River Basin (Everest 1973) and, as juveniles of the respective races cannot be differentiated, some population health goals have to apply to both races. The status of wild steelhead in the Klamath Mountains Province ESU is not readily apparent from historic sources of information. Uncertainty about resource status, coupled with a comprehensive conservation plan developed by Oregon and the termination of wild fish harvest in almost all KMP streams, lead the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), in 1998, to defer a listing of KMP steelhead under the Endangered Species Act. On 30 March, 2001, NMFS announced that, after a review of new information, that an Endangered Species Act listing was not warranted for KMP steelhead. In 2002, ODFW adopted new methods to monitor steelhead populations on the Oregon coast. Allied with the decision, ODFW decided to terminate the KMP steelhead project. Consequently, this report presents findings from the third, and final, year of the project. The goal of the project was to develop and implement assessment methods to determine the status of wild steelhead in the Oregon portion of the KMP. Project objectives included (1) develop population health goals and allied monitoring methods and (2) determine resource status in relation to health goals Satterthwaite (2002a). Directed sampling began in 1999 and findings from the first two years of the project were reported by Satterthwaite (2002b) and Satterthwaite (2003). Title: Klamath Mountains Province Steelhead Project, 2001-02 Annual Report Report Number: OPSW-ODFW-2004-08 Abstract -- The steelhead supplement to the Oregon Plan for Salmon and Watersheds (OSPW) is intended to maintain wild steelhead populations in Oregon at sustainable and productive levels that provide substantial environmental, cultural, and economic benefits. The OSPW attempts to better define "sustainable and productive" by committing the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife (ODFW) to establish "Population Health Goals" for each Evolutionary Significant Unit (ESU) of wild steelhead within the state. In addition, section ODFW IB1S of the plan calls for ODFW to assess adult escapement and juvenile production of wild steelhead in each ESU. The National Marine Fisheries Service identified seven ESUs for steelhead in Oregon and concluded that steelhead produced in coastal basins between Cape Blanco in southern Oregon and the Klamath River Basin in northern California constitutes one ESU. This area closely corresponds to the geologic boundaries of the Klamath Mountains Province (KMP). Steelhead in the KMP differ from those in adjoining areas because of distinctive life history and genetic characteristics (Busby et al. 1994). Primary differences in life history parameters have been identified for wild KMP steelhead. Summer steelhead and winter steelhead differ in time of return as adults, tendency to return to fresh water on a false spawning migration (the "half-pounder" run), age at ocean entry, growth rate and migration patterns of juveniles in fresh water (ODFW 1990; ODFW 1994). As a result of these differences, separate health goals seem warranted for summer and winter steelhead populations. Winter steelhead inhabit streams throughout the KMP, while summer steelhead are found only in a portion of the Rogue River Basin. However, the distribution of summer and winter steelhead overlap in major areas of the Rogue River Basin (Everest 1973) and, as juveniles of the respective races cannot be differentiated, some population health goals have to apply to both races. The status of wild steelhead in the Klamath Mountains Province ESU is not readily apparent from historic sources of information. Uncertainty about resource status, coupled with a comprehensive conservation plan developed by Oregon and the termination of wild fish harvest in almost all KMP streams, lead the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), in 1998, to defer a listing of KMP steelhead under the Endangered Species Act. On 30 March, 2001, NMFS announced that, after a review of new information, that an Endangered Species Act listing was not warranted for KMP steelhead. In 2002, ODFW adopted new methods to monitor steelhead populations on the Oregon coast. Allied with the decision, ODFW decided to terminate the KMP steelhead project. Consequently, this report presents findings from the third, and final, year of the project. The goal of the project was to develop and implement assessment methods to determine the status of wild steelhead in the Oregon portion of the KMP. Project objectives included (1) develop population health goals and allied monitoring methods and (2) determine resource status in relation to health goals Satterthwaite (2002a). Directed sampling began in 1999 and findings from the first two years of the project were reported by Satterthwaite (2002b) and Satterthwaite (2003). Close

• 76. [Article] Warner Valley Fish Investigations- Warner Suckers Progress Reports 2008

  Abstract -- The Warner sucker (Catostomus warnerensis) is endemic to the Warner Valley, an endorheic subbasin of the Great Basin in southeastern Oregon and northwestern Nevada. This species was historically ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Warner Valley Fish Investigations- Warner Suckers Progress Reports 2008 Abstract -- The Warner sucker (Catostomus warnerensis) is endemic to the Warner Valley, an endorheic subbasin of the Great Basin in southeastern Oregon and northwestern Nevada. This species was historically abundant and its historical range includes three permanent lakes (Hart, Crump, and Pelican), several ephemeral lakes, a network of sloughs and diversion canals, and three major tributary drainages (Honey, Deep, and Twentymile Creeks). Warner sucker abundance and distribution has declined over the past century and it was federally listed as threatened in 1985 due to habitat fragmentation and threats posed by the proliferation of piscivorous non-native game fishes (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 1985). The Warner Valley is a northeast-southwest trending endorheic basin which extends approximately 90 km (Figure 1). The elevation of the valley floor is approximately 1,370 m and the basin is bound by fault block escarpments, the Warner Rim on the west and Hart Mountain and Poker Jim Ridge on the east. The Warner basin was formed during the middle Tertiary and late Quaternary geologic periods as a result of volcanic and tectonic activity (Baldwin 1976). Abundant precipitation during the Pleistocene Epoch resulted in the formation of Pluvial Lake Warner (Hubbs and Miller 1948). At its maximum extent approximately 11,000 years ago, the lake reached approximately 100 m in depth and 1,300 km2 in area (Snyder et al. 1964, Weide 1975). In 2008, precipitation and snow pack were near average and Hart and Crump Lakes never filled completely. In 2007, Crump Lake water levels were very low with less than a quarter of the surface area wetted during the winter. Both lakes have been watered continuously since 1993. The Warner sucker inhabits the lakes and low gradient stream reaches of the Warner Valley. Two life history forms are present that comprise the metapopulation of Warner suckers: lake and stream morphs. The lake suckers are lacustrine adfluvial or potamodromous fish which normally spawn in the streams. However, upstream migration may be blocked by low stream flows during dry water years or by irrigation diversion dams and spawning may occur in nearshore areas of the lakes (White et al. 1990). The stream suckers inhabit and spawn in the three major tributary drainages (Honey, Deep, and Twentymile Creeks). Large lake-dwelling populations of introduced fishes in the lakes likely reduce sucker recruitment by predation on young suckers (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 1998). The Recovery Plan for the Threatened and Rare Native Fishes of the Warner Basin and Alkali Subbasin (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 1998) sets recovery criteria for delisting the species. These criteria require that (1) a self-sustaining metapopulation is distributed throughout the Twentymile, Honey, and Deep Creek (below the falls) drainages, and in Pelican, Crump, and Hart Lakes, (2) passage is restored within and among the Twentymile, Honey, and Deep Creek (below the falls) drainages so that the individual populations of Warner suckers can function as a metapopulation, and (3) no threats exist that would likely threaten the survival of the species over a significant portion of its range. In 2008, we conducted investigations in Hart and Crump Lakes to quantify the abundance and distribution of Warner suckers, to search for evidence of recent recruitment, and to estimate sucker abundance relative to nonnative fish abundance. In addition we investigated growth and movement patterns. We used Passive Integrated Transponder (PIT) tagged suckers to determine growth rates and movements, tracked radio-tagged suckers to document seasonal spawning migrations, fished a screw trap in Twelvemile Creek to monitor downstream movements, and operated a trap at the Dyke diversion dam on Twentymile Creek to monitor upstream movements. Title: Warner Valley Fish Investigations- Warner Suckers Progress Reports 2008 Abstract -- The Warner sucker (Catostomus warnerensis) is endemic to the Warner Valley, an endorheic subbasin of the Great Basin in southeastern Oregon and northwestern Nevada. This species was historically abundant and its historical range includes three permanent lakes (Hart, Crump, and Pelican), several ephemeral lakes, a network of sloughs and diversion canals, and three major tributary drainages (Honey, Deep, and Twentymile Creeks). Warner sucker abundance and distribution has declined over the past century and it was federally listed as threatened in 1985 due to habitat fragmentation and threats posed by the proliferation of piscivorous non-native game fishes (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 1985). The Warner Valley is a northeast-southwest trending endorheic basin which extends approximately 90 km (Figure 1). The elevation of the valley floor is approximately 1,370 m and the basin is bound by fault block escarpments, the Warner Rim on the west and Hart Mountain and Poker Jim Ridge on the east. The Warner basin was formed during the middle Tertiary and late Quaternary geologic periods as a result of volcanic and tectonic activity (Baldwin 1976). Abundant precipitation during the Pleistocene Epoch resulted in the formation of Pluvial Lake Warner (Hubbs and Miller 1948). At its maximum extent approximately 11,000 years ago, the lake reached approximately 100 m in depth and 1,300 km2 in area (Snyder et al. 1964, Weide 1975). In 2008, precipitation and snow pack were near average and Hart and Crump Lakes never filled completely. In 2007, Crump Lake water levels were very low with less than a quarter of the surface area wetted during the winter. Both lakes have been watered continuously since 1993. The Warner sucker inhabits the lakes and low gradient stream reaches of the Warner Valley. Two life history forms are present that comprise the metapopulation of Warner suckers: lake and stream morphs. The lake suckers are lacustrine adfluvial or potamodromous fish which normally spawn in the streams. However, upstream migration may be blocked by low stream flows during dry water years or by irrigation diversion dams and spawning may occur in nearshore areas of the lakes (White et al. 1990). The stream suckers inhabit and spawn in the three major tributary drainages (Honey, Deep, and Twentymile Creeks). Large lake-dwelling populations of introduced fishes in the lakes likely reduce sucker recruitment by predation on young suckers (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 1998). The Recovery Plan for the Threatened and Rare Native Fishes of the Warner Basin and Alkali Subbasin (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 1998) sets recovery criteria for delisting the species. These criteria require that (1) a self-sustaining metapopulation is distributed throughout the Twentymile, Honey, and Deep Creek (below the falls) drainages, and in Pelican, Crump, and Hart Lakes, (2) passage is restored within and among the Twentymile, Honey, and Deep Creek (below the falls) drainages so that the individual populations of Warner suckers can function as a metapopulation, and (3) no threats exist that would likely threaten the survival of the species over a significant portion of its range. In 2008, we conducted investigations in Hart and Crump Lakes to quantify the abundance and distribution of Warner suckers, to search for evidence of recent recruitment, and to estimate sucker abundance relative to nonnative fish abundance. In addition we investigated growth and movement patterns. We used Passive Integrated Transponder (PIT) tagged suckers to determine growth rates and movements, tracked radio-tagged suckers to document seasonal spawning migrations, fished a screw trap in Twelvemile Creek to monitor downstream movements, and operated a trap at the Dyke diversion dam on Twentymile Creek to monitor upstream movements. Close

• 77. [Article] Umatilla Basin Natural Production Monitoring and Evaluation; Annual Progress Report 1994 - 1995

  Abstract -- This report summarizes the activities of the Umatilla Basin Natural Production Monitoring and Evaluation Project (UBNPME) from September 30, 1994 to September 29, 1995. This program was funded ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Umatilla Basin Natural Production Monitoring and Evaluation; Annual Progress Report 1994 - 1995 Abstract -- This report summarizes the activities of the Umatilla Basin Natural Production Monitoring and Evaluation Project (UBNPME) from September 30, 1994 to September 29, 1995. This program was funded by Bonneville Power Administration and was managed under the Fisheries Program, Department of Natural Resources, Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation. An estimated 36.7 km (22.6 miles) of stream habitat were inventoried on the Umatilla River, Moonshine, Mission, Cottonwood and Coonskin Creeks. A total of 384 of 3,652 (10.5%) habitat units were electrofished. The number of juvenile fish captured follows: 2,953 natural summer steelhead (including resident rainbow tout; Oncorhynchus mykiss), one hatchery steelhead, 341 natural chinook salmon (0. tshawytscha), 163 natural coho salmon (0. kisutch), five bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus), 185 mountain whitefish (Prosopium williamsoni), and six northern squawfish (Ptychocheilus oregonensis). The expanded population estimate for the areas surveyed was 73,716 salmonids with a mean density of 0.38 fish/m2. The following number of non-salmonids were visually estimated: 7,572 speckled dace (Rhinichthys osculus), 5,196 sculpin (Cottus spp.), 532 suckers (Catostomus spp.) and 191 redside shiners (Richardsonius balteatus). The gross estimated density of all non-salmonids combined was 0.84 fish/m2. The estimated ratio of non-salmonids to salmonids was 2.4: 1. Relative salmonid abundance, seasonal distribution and habitat utilization were monitored at index sites throughout the basin. During index site monitoring, the following species were collected in addition to those listed above: american shad (Alosa sapidissima), smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieu), carp (Cyprinus Carpio) and chiselmouth (Acrocheilus alutaceus). Thirty ­nine sites were electrofished during the spring and summer seasons, while 36 sites were sampled in the fall season. Index sites with the. highest mean salmonid catch/minute (fish/min.) during the three sample periods were located at the following sites: East Birch Creek (3.4 fish/min.), Boston Canyon Creek (3.2 fish/min.), Spring Creek (3.1 fish/min.) and upper Squaw Creek (3.0 fish/min.). The highest electrofishing catch rates were observed in the Umatilla River tributaries above river mile (RM) 70 in the August and September sample period (Table J-2 catalogs river miles with associated landmarks). During the November sample period, catch rates were highest in Birch Creek tributaries. Most salmonids were captured in slow water near the bank during the November and March sampling periods. A study of the migration movements and homing requirements of adult salmonids in the Umatilla River was conducted during the 1994-95 return years. Radio telemetry was used to evaluate the movements of adult salmonids past diversion dams in the lower Umatilla River and to determine migrational movements of salmonids following upstream transport. Radio transmitters were placed in 30 summer steelhead, 15 spring chinook, nine fall chinook, and eight coho salmon. Salmon were released at Three Mile Falls Dam (TMD). An additional 11 summer steelhead and ten spring chinook salmon were tagged, hauled upstream, and released at either Barnhart, Nolin, Thornhollow, or Imeques C-mem-ini-kem. On average, summer steelhead required 36 days to successfully migrate from TMD to Stanfield Dam. Spring chinook required 18 days. Average passage times for summer steelhead (hours and minutes) at Westland, Feed Canal, and Stanfield Dams were 13:06, 83:24, and 2:58, respectively. Spring chinook salmon required 04:30 at Westland, 89:42 at Feed Canal, and 04:01 at Stanfield Dams. Migrational delays were observed at Feed Canal Dam at flows ranging from 563 to 1,601 cubic feet/second (cfs). Thirty-eight percent of the fish ladder at Westland Dam, 75% at Feed canal, and 31% at Stanfield Dam. Average passage times at Feed Canal Dam (1995) were more than 15 times those at Stanfield Dam in 1994 and more than 20 times those at Stanfield Dam in 1995. Data related to homing and passage needs of Umatilla River salmonids was investigated in an attempt to maximize homing to the Umatilla River. Straying rates of adult summer steelhead and spring chinook salmon were found to be low while coho and fall chinook salmon stray rates were high in some groups, particularly adult returns from subyearling smolt releases of fall chinook salmon. Attraction flows of from the mouth of the Umatilla River of at least 150 cfs were required to encourage migration and reduce straying of fall chinook and coho salmon. Significant numbers of summer steelhead entered when flows exceeded 500 cfs. Spring chinook salmon entry was variable with fish entering at flows ranging from 150 to more than 2,000 cfs. Adult anadromous salmonids potentially available to spawn above TMD from August 26, 1994 to June 27, 1995 included: 593 adult and 530 jack fall chinook salmon (1994 brood), 879 adult and 54 jack coho salmon (1994 brood), 784 natural and 509 hatchery summer steelhead (1995 brood), and 378 adult and 62 jack spring chinook salmon (1995 brood). During escapement surveys (fall of 1994), a total of 82 fall chinook salmon redds, 24 coho salmon redds and seven unidentified salmon redds (112 redds total, 2.6/mile) were enumerated along 42.3 miles of the mainstem above TMD. In 1995, we enumerated and flagged 126 summer steelhead redds (3.6 redds/mile) along 35.3 miles of lateral tributaries of the Umatilla River. Also enumerated were 90 spring chinook salmon redds (1.6 redds/mile) along 55.8 miles of the mainstem. Ninety-six percent of the adult fall chinook salmon carcasses examined had spawned while 94% of the coho had spawned; 66.8 % of the spring chinook salmon carcasses examined bad spawned. A total of 49.3% of spring chinook salmon released above TMD were sampled during spawning ground surveys and 60 coded wire tags (CWTs) were recovered from 78 adipose clipped fish. The rotary screw trap in the Umatilla River (RM 76) operated 63 of 113 days from September 21, 1994 to January 13, 1995. The trap captured 596 juvenile steelhead with a mean trap efficiency rate of 9.9%. A total of 1,368 juvenile chinook salmon were captured with a mean trap efficiency rate of 28. 8 % . The rotary screw trap at the Imeques C-mem-ini-kem site (RM 79.5) operated 43 out of 43 days from May 5 through June 16, 1995. The trap captured 304 natural juvenile steelhead with a mean trap efficiency rate of 6.6%. A total of 102 natural juvenile chinook salmon were captured with a mean trap efficiency rate of 10.5%. The rotary screw trap at the Barnhart site (RM 42,2) operated 87 out of 125 days from March 3 to June I, 1995. The trap captured 105 natural juvenile steelhead, 247 natural juvenile chinook salmon, five natural coho salmon, 6,265 hatchery juvenile chinook salmon, 467 hatchery steelhead and 16,844 hatchery coho salmon. Mean trap efficiency rates ranged from 2.3 to 5.7% . Harvest monitors estimated that tribal anglers harvested 25 hatchery and five natural summer steelhead during the spring of 1995. There was no spring chinook salmon fishery in the Umatilla River during 1995 because of the low number of returning adults. Scale analysis determined that over 85 .0% of naturally produced juvenile summer steelhead sampled during biological and index surveys were age O+ or l +. Naturally produced summer steelhead adults, returning to the Umatilla River in 1994-95, were mostly from the 1990 (46.4%) and 1991 (33.9%) brood years. Title: Umatilla Basin Natural Production Monitoring and Evaluation; Annual Progress Report 1994 - 1995 Abstract -- This report summarizes the activities of the Umatilla Basin Natural Production Monitoring and Evaluation Project (UBNPME) from September 30, 1994 to September 29, 1995. This program was funded by Bonneville Power Administration and was managed under the Fisheries Program, Department of Natural Resources, Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation. An estimated 36.7 km (22.6 miles) of stream habitat were inventoried on the Umatilla River, Moonshine, Mission, Cottonwood and Coonskin Creeks. A total of 384 of 3,652 (10.5%) habitat units were electrofished. The number of juvenile fish captured follows: 2,953 natural summer steelhead (including resident rainbow tout; Oncorhynchus mykiss), one hatchery steelhead, 341 natural chinook salmon (0. tshawytscha), 163 natural coho salmon (0. kisutch), five bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus), 185 mountain whitefish (Prosopium williamsoni), and six northern squawfish (Ptychocheilus oregonensis). The expanded population estimate for the areas surveyed was 73,716 salmonids with a mean density of 0.38 fish/m2. The following number of non-salmonids were visually estimated: 7,572 speckled dace (Rhinichthys osculus), 5,196 sculpin (Cottus spp.), 532 suckers (Catostomus spp.) and 191 redside shiners (Richardsonius balteatus). The gross estimated density of all non-salmonids combined was 0.84 fish/m2. The estimated ratio of non-salmonids to salmonids was 2.4: 1. Relative salmonid abundance, seasonal distribution and habitat utilization were monitored at index sites throughout the basin. During index site monitoring, the following species were collected in addition to those listed above: american shad (Alosa sapidissima), smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieu), carp (Cyprinus Carpio) and chiselmouth (Acrocheilus alutaceus). Thirty ­nine sites were electrofished during the spring and summer seasons, while 36 sites were sampled in the fall season. Index sites with the. highest mean salmonid catch/minute (fish/min.) during the three sample periods were located at the following sites: East Birch Creek (3.4 fish/min.), Boston Canyon Creek (3.2 fish/min.), Spring Creek (3.1 fish/min.) and upper Squaw Creek (3.0 fish/min.). The highest electrofishing catch rates were observed in the Umatilla River tributaries above river mile (RM) 70 in the August and September sample period (Table J-2 catalogs river miles with associated landmarks). During the November sample period, catch rates were highest in Birch Creek tributaries. Most salmonids were captured in slow water near the bank during the November and March sampling periods. A study of the migration movements and homing requirements of adult salmonids in the Umatilla River was conducted during the 1994-95 return years. Radio telemetry was used to evaluate the movements of adult salmonids past diversion dams in the lower Umatilla River and to determine migrational movements of salmonids following upstream transport. Radio transmitters were placed in 30 summer steelhead, 15 spring chinook, nine fall chinook, and eight coho salmon. Salmon were released at Three Mile Falls Dam (TMD). An additional 11 summer steelhead and ten spring chinook salmon were tagged, hauled upstream, and released at either Barnhart, Nolin, Thornhollow, or Imeques C-mem-ini-kem. On average, summer steelhead required 36 days to successfully migrate from TMD to Stanfield Dam. Spring chinook required 18 days. Average passage times for summer steelhead (hours and minutes) at Westland, Feed Canal, and Stanfield Dams were 13:06, 83:24, and 2:58, respectively. Spring chinook salmon required 04:30 at Westland, 89:42 at Feed Canal, and 04:01 at Stanfield Dams. Migrational delays were observed at Feed Canal Dam at flows ranging from 563 to 1,601 cubic feet/second (cfs). Thirty-eight percent of the fish ladder at Westland Dam, 75% at Feed canal, and 31% at Stanfield Dam. Average passage times at Feed Canal Dam (1995) were more than 15 times those at Stanfield Dam in 1994 and more than 20 times those at Stanfield Dam in 1995. Data related to homing and passage needs of Umatilla River salmonids was investigated in an attempt to maximize homing to the Umatilla River. Straying rates of adult summer steelhead and spring chinook salmon were found to be low while coho and fall chinook salmon stray rates were high in some groups, particularly adult returns from subyearling smolt releases of fall chinook salmon. Attraction flows of from the mouth of the Umatilla River of at least 150 cfs were required to encourage migration and reduce straying of fall chinook and coho salmon. Significant numbers of summer steelhead entered when flows exceeded 500 cfs. Spring chinook salmon entry was variable with fish entering at flows ranging from 150 to more than 2,000 cfs. Adult anadromous salmonids potentially available to spawn above TMD from August 26, 1994 to June 27, 1995 included: 593 adult and 530 jack fall chinook salmon (1994 brood), 879 adult and 54 jack coho salmon (1994 brood), 784 natural and 509 hatchery summer steelhead (1995 brood), and 378 adult and 62 jack spring chinook salmon (1995 brood). During escapement surveys (fall of 1994), a total of 82 fall chinook salmon redds, 24 coho salmon redds and seven unidentified salmon redds (112 redds total, 2.6/mile) were enumerated along 42.3 miles of the mainstem above TMD. In 1995, we enumerated and flagged 126 summer steelhead redds (3.6 redds/mile) along 35.3 miles of lateral tributaries of the Umatilla River. Also enumerated were 90 spring chinook salmon redds (1.6 redds/mile) along 55.8 miles of the mainstem. Ninety-six percent of the adult fall chinook salmon carcasses examined had spawned while 94% of the coho had spawned; 66.8 % of the spring chinook salmon carcasses examined bad spawned. A total of 49.3% of spring chinook salmon released above TMD were sampled during spawning ground surveys and 60 coded wire tags (CWTs) were recovered from 78 adipose clipped fish. The rotary screw trap in the Umatilla River (RM 76) operated 63 of 113 days from September 21, 1994 to January 13, 1995. The trap captured 596 juvenile steelhead with a mean trap efficiency rate of 9.9%. A total of 1,368 juvenile chinook salmon were captured with a mean trap efficiency rate of 28. 8 % . The rotary screw trap at the Imeques C-mem-ini-kem site (RM 79.5) operated 43 out of 43 days from May 5 through June 16, 1995. The trap captured 304 natural juvenile steelhead with a mean trap efficiency rate of 6.6%. A total of 102 natural juvenile chinook salmon were captured with a mean trap efficiency rate of 10.5%. The rotary screw trap at the Barnhart site (RM 42,2) operated 87 out of 125 days from March 3 to June I, 1995. The trap captured 105 natural juvenile steelhead, 247 natural juvenile chinook salmon, five natural coho salmon, 6,265 hatchery juvenile chinook salmon, 467 hatchery steelhead and 16,844 hatchery coho salmon. Mean trap efficiency rates ranged from 2.3 to 5.7% . Harvest monitors estimated that tribal anglers harvested 25 hatchery and five natural summer steelhead during the spring of 1995. There was no spring chinook salmon fishery in the Umatilla River during 1995 because of the low number of returning adults. Scale analysis determined that over 85 .0% of naturally produced juvenile summer steelhead sampled during biological and index surveys were age O+ or l +. Naturally produced summer steelhead adults, returning to the Umatilla River in 1994-95, were mostly from the 1990 (46.4%) and 1991 (33.9%) brood years. Close

• 78. [Article] Thomas Creek Mainstem Assessment Completion Report

  Abstract -- This project expands upon a year 2000 project (OWEB 99-543) that was designed to examine riparian and water quality impacts on aquatic invertebrate assemblages and fish diet in Thomas Creek. ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Thomas Creek Mainstem Assessment Completion Report Abstract -- This project expands upon a year 2000 project (OWEB 99-543) that was designed to examine riparian and water quality impacts on aquatic invertebrate assemblages and fish diet in Thomas Creek. The initial project design was to sample water quality, fish, and invertebrates at nine sites along 30 river kilometers (R kms) of the stream; three in conifer dominated, three in mixed forest, and three in hardwood dominated riparian forest. Preliminary results suggested water quality conditions were similar throughout the 30 R kms and riparian vegetation composition was not associated with fish diet or invertebrate assemblage composition. Longitudinal patterns were weak and appeared to be driven by three upstream sites. Therefore we proposed to expand the survey area to include the entire stream open to anadromous fish migration (51 R kms). The fish diet portion of the project was discontinued because we were denied a sampling permit for ESA listed salmonids during 2001. Instead, we focused on broad-scale fish distribution and habitat use. Additionally, we compared patterns for fish with invertebrates. The extent of fish, invertebrate, and water quality sampling locations increased to include all 51 R kms downstream of the waterfall. An extensive fish survey to examine fish distribution included 218 survey locations throughout the 51 R kms. Intensive snorkel surveys to examine fine-scale, habitat use by salmonids included four sample locations in the upstream 14 R kms. Invertebrate samples were collected from three habitat types at 27 sites to examine distribution and habitat use along the 51 R kms Title: Thomas Creek Mainstem Assessment Completion Report Abstract -- This project expands upon a year 2000 project (OWEB 99-543) that was designed to examine riparian and water quality impacts on aquatic invertebrate assemblages and fish diet in Thomas Creek. The initial project design was to sample water quality, fish, and invertebrates at nine sites along 30 river kilometers (R kms) of the stream; three in conifer dominated, three in mixed forest, and three in hardwood dominated riparian forest. Preliminary results suggested water quality conditions were similar throughout the 30 R kms and riparian vegetation composition was not associated with fish diet or invertebrate assemblage composition. Longitudinal patterns were weak and appeared to be driven by three upstream sites. Therefore we proposed to expand the survey area to include the entire stream open to anadromous fish migration (51 R kms). The fish diet portion of the project was discontinued because we were denied a sampling permit for ESA listed salmonids during 2001. Instead, we focused on broad-scale fish distribution and habitat use. Additionally, we compared patterns for fish with invertebrates. The extent of fish, invertebrate, and water quality sampling locations increased to include all 51 R kms downstream of the waterfall. An extensive fish survey to examine fish distribution included 218 survey locations throughout the 51 R kms. Intensive snorkel surveys to examine fine-scale, habitat use by salmonids included four sample locations in the upstream 14 R kms. Invertebrate samples were collected from three habitat types at 27 sites to examine distribution and habitat use along the 51 R kms Close

• 79. [Article] Oregon Anadromous Fish Habitat Distribution

  Abstract -- Oregon Fish Habitat Distribution. These data describe areas of suitable habitat believed to be used currently or historically by wild, natural, and/or hatchery fish populations. The term ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Oregon Anadromous Fish Habitat Distribution Abstract -- Oregon Fish Habitat Distribution. These data describe areas of suitable habitat believed to be used currently or historically by wild, natural, and/or hatchery fish populations. The term "currently" is defined as within the past five reproductive cycles. Historical habitat includes suitable habitat that fish no longer access and will not access in the foreseeable future without human intervention. This information is based on sampling, the best professional opinion of Oregon Dept. of Fish and Wildlife or other natural resources agency staff biologists or modeling (see the fhdBasis field). Due to natural variations in run size, water conditions, or other environmental factors, some habitats identified may not be used annually. These data now comply with the Oregon Fish Habitat Distribution Data Standard that was adopted by the Oregon Geographic Information Council in February 2011. The Standard document can be found at: http://gis.oregon.gov/DAS/EISPD/GEO/standards/docs/OregonFishHabitatDistributionDataStandardv2.pdf Historical habitat distribution data are now within the scope of the standard and are identified via the habitat use (fhdUseType) attribute. Historical habitats are only identified outside of currently accessible habitat and are not comprehensive. Key features of the Oregon Fish Habitat Distribution Data include: species, run, life history, habitat use, origin, production, the basis for each record, originator name, originator entity and reference. Habitat distribution data are now mapped at a 1:24,000 scale statewide and are based on the Pacific Northwest Framework Hydrography dataset. The data are made available as GIS files in both shapefile and ESRI geodatabase format. The data were developed over an extensive time period ranging from 1996 to 2014. Data were migrated to the NHD in 2014. Title: Oregon Anadromous Fish Habitat Distribution Abstract -- Oregon Fish Habitat Distribution. These data describe areas of suitable habitat believed to be used currently or historically by wild, natural, and/or hatchery fish populations. The term "currently" is defined as within the past five reproductive cycles. Historical habitat includes suitable habitat that fish no longer access and will not access in the foreseeable future without human intervention. This information is based on sampling, the best professional opinion of Oregon Dept. of Fish and Wildlife or other natural resources agency staff biologists or modeling (see the fhdBasis field). Due to natural variations in run size, water conditions, or other environmental factors, some habitats identified may not be used annually. These data now comply with the Oregon Fish Habitat Distribution Data Standard that was adopted by the Oregon Geographic Information Council in February 2011. The Standard document can be found at: http://gis.oregon.gov/DAS/EISPD/GEO/standards/docs/OregonFishHabitatDistributionDataStandardv2.pdf Historical habitat distribution data are now within the scope of the standard and are identified via the habitat use (fhdUseType) attribute. Historical habitats are only identified outside of currently accessible habitat and are not comprehensive. Key features of the Oregon Fish Habitat Distribution Data include: species, run, life history, habitat use, origin, production, the basis for each record, originator name, originator entity and reference. Habitat distribution data are now mapped at a 1:24,000 scale statewide and are based on the Pacific Northwest Framework Hydrography dataset. The data are made available as GIS files in both shapefile and ESRI geodatabase format. The data were developed over an extensive time period ranging from 1996 to 2014. Data were migrated to the NHD in 2014. Close

• 80. [Article] Bull Trout Habitat Distribution

  Abstract -- Oregon Resident Fish Habitat Distribution. These data describe areas of suitable habitat believed to be used currently or historically by wild, natural, and/or hatchery fish populations. The ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Bull Trout Habitat Distribution Abstract -- Oregon Resident Fish Habitat Distribution. These data describe areas of suitable habitat believed to be used currently or historically by wild, natural, and/or hatchery fish populations. The term "currently" is defined as within the past five reproductive cycles. Historical habitat includes suitable habitat that fish no longer access and will not access in the foreseeable future without human intervention. This information is based on sampling, the best professional opinion of Oregon Dept. of Fish and Wildlife or other natural resources agency staff biologists or modeling (see the fhdBasis field). Due to natural variations in run size, water conditions, or other environmental factors, some habitats identified may not be used annually. These data comply with the Oregon Fish Habitat Distribution Data Standard that was adopted by the Oregon Geographic Information Council in February 2011. The Standard document can be found at: http://gis.oregon.gov/DAS/EISPD/GEO/standards/docs/OregonFishHabitatDistributionDataStandardv2.pdf Historical habitat distribution data are within the scope of the standard and are identified via the habitat use (fhdUseType) attribute. Historical habitats are only identified outside of currently accessible habitat and are not comprehensive. Key features of the Oregon Fish Habitat Distribution Data include: species, run, life history, habitat use, origin, production, the basis for each record, originator name, originator entity and reference. Habitat distribution data are mapped at a 1:24,000 scale statewide and are based on the were originally developed against the Pacific Northwest Framework Hydrography dataset. The data are made available as GIS files in both shapefile and ESRI geodatabase format. The data were developed over an extensive time period ranging from 1996 to 2014. Data were migrated to the National Hydrography Dataset in 2014. The attached geodatabase includes distribution for Bull trout only. Note: Bull Trout habitat distribution for the upper Clackamas basin have not yet been added to this dataset. Title: Bull Trout Habitat Distribution Abstract -- Oregon Resident Fish Habitat Distribution. These data describe areas of suitable habitat believed to be used currently or historically by wild, natural, and/or hatchery fish populations. The term "currently" is defined as within the past five reproductive cycles. Historical habitat includes suitable habitat that fish no longer access and will not access in the foreseeable future without human intervention. This information is based on sampling, the best professional opinion of Oregon Dept. of Fish and Wildlife or other natural resources agency staff biologists or modeling (see the fhdBasis field). Due to natural variations in run size, water conditions, or other environmental factors, some habitats identified may not be used annually. These data comply with the Oregon Fish Habitat Distribution Data Standard that was adopted by the Oregon Geographic Information Council in February 2011. The Standard document can be found at: http://gis.oregon.gov/DAS/EISPD/GEO/standards/docs/OregonFishHabitatDistributionDataStandardv2.pdf Historical habitat distribution data are within the scope of the standard and are identified via the habitat use (fhdUseType) attribute. Historical habitats are only identified outside of currently accessible habitat and are not comprehensive. Key features of the Oregon Fish Habitat Distribution Data include: species, run, life history, habitat use, origin, production, the basis for each record, originator name, originator entity and reference. Habitat distribution data are mapped at a 1:24,000 scale statewide and are based on the were originally developed against the Pacific Northwest Framework Hydrography dataset. The data are made available as GIS files in both shapefile and ESRI geodatabase format. The data were developed over an extensive time period ranging from 1996 to 2014. Data were migrated to the National Hydrography Dataset in 2014. The attached geodatabase includes distribution for Bull trout only. Note: Bull Trout habitat distribution for the upper Clackamas basin have not yet been added to this dataset. Close

• 81. [Article] OWEB Grant Number 208-2084 Project Completion Report - PUR Monitoring

  Abstract -- While it is assumed that habitat enhancement and fish passage improvements increase fish production, there is little empirical data to support that claim in the Umpqua Basin. The Umpqua District ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: OWEB Grant Number 208-2084 Project Completion Report - PUR Monitoring Abstract -- While it is assumed that habitat enhancement and fish passage improvements increase fish production, there is little empirical data to support that claim in the Umpqua Basin. The Umpqua District has used smolt traps in the past to both establish a baseline record and to attempt to determine any response to habitat enhancement (Brush, Hinkle, and Big Tom Folley Creeks). Brush Creek and Big Tom Folley were originally chosen as monitoring sites since they are similar in characteristics, and Brush was originally the treatment stream for restoration projects while Big Tom Folley was used as the control until later projects occurred. Currently, there are PUR habitat enhancement projects scheduled to take place within the Little Wolf Creek and Wolf Creek basins. In order to gain more insight as to whether restoration efforts improve fish populations and address limiting factors, baseline and post treatment surveys will be needed. Restoration that is planned in Wolf and Little Wolf Creeks in 2008 and 2009 provides a unique opportunity to examine stream and fish responses to log-only and boulder-only instream placements. Pre-treatment data exists on these streams for smolt outmigration, summer habitat, spawning adults, summer seeding, channel cross-sections and temperature. ODFW has been collecting smolt out-migration data at five sites in the Upper Umpqua and Elk Creek watersheds almost continuously for 15 years to monitor yearly trends and to calculate over-winter survival rates of coho and steelhead. This OWEB grant will add to this baseline data and provide funding to continue past monitoring and add new monitoring components. Continuous smolt trap data from Brush, Big Tom Folley, and Hinkle Creeks is important to future efforts to monitor watershed health. Extensive habitat enhancement and fish inventories have been completed within the Hinkle Creek, Brush Creek and Big Tom Folley Creek basins. The Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife (ODFW) Umpqua Watershed District joined with the Partnership for the Umpqua Rivers (PUR) in an effort to continue ongoing juvenile monitoring within the Umpqua Basin. Since little is known about stream-specific limiting factors and fish production response to various habitat restoration treatments such as log or boulder placement, these long term data sets will help to understand the fish response aspect related to or resulting from habitat restoration projects. Title: OWEB Grant Number 208-2084 Project Completion Report - PUR Monitoring Abstract -- While it is assumed that habitat enhancement and fish passage improvements increase fish production, there is little empirical data to support that claim in the Umpqua Basin. The Umpqua District has used smolt traps in the past to both establish a baseline record and to attempt to determine any response to habitat enhancement (Brush, Hinkle, and Big Tom Folley Creeks). Brush Creek and Big Tom Folley were originally chosen as monitoring sites since they are similar in characteristics, and Brush was originally the treatment stream for restoration projects while Big Tom Folley was used as the control until later projects occurred. Currently, there are PUR habitat enhancement projects scheduled to take place within the Little Wolf Creek and Wolf Creek basins. In order to gain more insight as to whether restoration efforts improve fish populations and address limiting factors, baseline and post treatment surveys will be needed. Restoration that is planned in Wolf and Little Wolf Creeks in 2008 and 2009 provides a unique opportunity to examine stream and fish responses to log-only and boulder-only instream placements. Pre-treatment data exists on these streams for smolt outmigration, summer habitat, spawning adults, summer seeding, channel cross-sections and temperature. ODFW has been collecting smolt out-migration data at five sites in the Upper Umpqua and Elk Creek watersheds almost continuously for 15 years to monitor yearly trends and to calculate over-winter survival rates of coho and steelhead. This OWEB grant will add to this baseline data and provide funding to continue past monitoring and add new monitoring components. Continuous smolt trap data from Brush, Big Tom Folley, and Hinkle Creeks is important to future efforts to monitor watershed health. Extensive habitat enhancement and fish inventories have been completed within the Hinkle Creek, Brush Creek and Big Tom Folley Creek basins. The Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife (ODFW) Umpqua Watershed District joined with the Partnership for the Umpqua Rivers (PUR) in an effort to continue ongoing juvenile monitoring within the Umpqua Basin. Since little is known about stream-specific limiting factors and fish production response to various habitat restoration treatments such as log or boulder placement, these long term data sets will help to understand the fish response aspect related to or resulting from habitat restoration projects. Close

• 82. [Article] Oregon Resident Fish Habitat Distribution (NHD format)

  Abstract -- Oregon Resident Fish Habitat Distribution. These data describe areas of suitable habitat believed to be used currently or historically by wild, natural, and/or hatchery fish populations. The ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Oregon Resident Fish Habitat Distribution (NHD format) Abstract -- Oregon Resident Fish Habitat Distribution. These data describe areas of suitable habitat believed to be used currently or historically by wild, natural, and/or hatchery fish populations. The term "currently" is defined as within the past five reproductive cycles. Historical habitat includes suitable habitat that fish no longer access and will not access in the foreseeable future without human intervention. This information is based on sampling, the best professional opinion of Oregon Dept. of Fish and Wildlife or other natural resources agency staff biologists or modeling (see the fhdBasis field). Due to natural variations in run size, water conditions, or other environmental factors, some habitats identified may not be used annually. These data comply with the Oregon Fish Habitat Distribution Data Standard that was adopted by the Oregon Geographic Information Council in February 2011. The Standard document can be found at: http://gis.oregon.gov/DAS/EISPD/GEO/standards/docs/OregonFishHabitatDistributionDataStandardv2.pdf Historical habitat distribution data are within the scope of the standard and are identified via the habitat use (fhdUseType) attribute. Historical habitats are only identified outside of currently accessible habitat and are not comprehensive. Key features of the Oregon Fish Habitat Distribution Data include: species, run, life history, habitat use, origin, production, the basis for each record, originator name, originator entity and reference. Habitat distribution data are mapped at a 1:24,000 scale statewide and are based on the were originally developed against the Pacific Northwest Framework Hydrography dataset. The data are made available as GIS files in both shapefile and ESRI geodatabase format. The data were developed over an extensive time period ranging from 1996 to 2014. Data were migrated to the National Hydrography Dataset in 2014. The attached geodatabase includes distribution for: Coastal Cutthroat trout, Bull trout, Redband trout, Rainbow trout, Westslope Cutthroat trout, Lahontan Cutthroat trout and Western Brook Lamprey. Data for Coastal Cutthroat trout, Rainbow trout and Western Brook Lamprey are not comprehensive. Title: Oregon Resident Fish Habitat Distribution (NHD format) Abstract -- Oregon Resident Fish Habitat Distribution. These data describe areas of suitable habitat believed to be used currently or historically by wild, natural, and/or hatchery fish populations. The term "currently" is defined as within the past five reproductive cycles. Historical habitat includes suitable habitat that fish no longer access and will not access in the foreseeable future without human intervention. This information is based on sampling, the best professional opinion of Oregon Dept. of Fish and Wildlife or other natural resources agency staff biologists or modeling (see the fhdBasis field). Due to natural variations in run size, water conditions, or other environmental factors, some habitats identified may not be used annually. These data comply with the Oregon Fish Habitat Distribution Data Standard that was adopted by the Oregon Geographic Information Council in February 2011. The Standard document can be found at: http://gis.oregon.gov/DAS/EISPD/GEO/standards/docs/OregonFishHabitatDistributionDataStandardv2.pdf Historical habitat distribution data are within the scope of the standard and are identified via the habitat use (fhdUseType) attribute. Historical habitats are only identified outside of currently accessible habitat and are not comprehensive. Key features of the Oregon Fish Habitat Distribution Data include: species, run, life history, habitat use, origin, production, the basis for each record, originator name, originator entity and reference. Habitat distribution data are mapped at a 1:24,000 scale statewide and are based on the were originally developed against the Pacific Northwest Framework Hydrography dataset. The data are made available as GIS files in both shapefile and ESRI geodatabase format. The data were developed over an extensive time period ranging from 1996 to 2014. Data were migrated to the National Hydrography Dataset in 2014. The attached geodatabase includes distribution for: Coastal Cutthroat trout, Bull trout, Redband trout, Rainbow trout, Westslope Cutthroat trout, Lahontan Cutthroat trout and Western Brook Lamprey. Data for Coastal Cutthroat trout, Rainbow trout and Western Brook Lamprey are not comprehensive. Close

• 83. [Article] Spring Chinook Salmon in the Willamette and Sandy Rivers, October 2003 through September 2004

  Abstract -- The Oregon Fish and Wildlife Commission adopted the Native Fish Conservation Policy (ODFW 2003a) and the Hatchery Management Policy (ODFW 2003b) in part to reduce adverse impacts of hatchery ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Spring Chinook Salmon in the Willamette and Sandy Rivers, October 2003 through September 2004 Abstract -- The Oregon Fish and Wildlife Commission adopted the Native Fish Conservation Policy (ODFW 2003a) and the Hatchery Management Policy (ODFW 2003b) in part to reduce adverse impacts of hatchery programs on wild native stocks. The Native Fish Conservation Policy recognizes that naturally produced native fish are the foundation for long-term sustainability of native species and hatchery programs, and the fisheries they support. In the past, hatchery programs and fish passage issues were the focus of spring Chinook salmon management in the Willamette and Sandy basins. Limited information was collected on the genetic structure among basin populations, on abundance and distribution of natural spawning, on rearing and migrating of juvenile salmon, or on strategies for reducing risks that large hatchery programs pose for wild salmon populations. This study was implemented to gather this information. Annual reports (available for 1996-2004 for this project) summarize data and are available at the above website. Title: Spring Chinook Salmon in the Willamette and Sandy Rivers, October 2003 through September 2004 Abstract -- The Oregon Fish and Wildlife Commission adopted the Native Fish Conservation Policy (ODFW 2003a) and the Hatchery Management Policy (ODFW 2003b) in part to reduce adverse impacts of hatchery programs on wild native stocks. The Native Fish Conservation Policy recognizes that naturally produced native fish are the foundation for long-term sustainability of native species and hatchery programs, and the fisheries they support. In the past, hatchery programs and fish passage issues were the focus of spring Chinook salmon management in the Willamette and Sandy basins. Limited information was collected on the genetic structure among basin populations, on abundance and distribution of natural spawning, on rearing and migrating of juvenile salmon, or on strategies for reducing risks that large hatchery programs pose for wild salmon populations. This study was implemented to gather this information. Annual reports (available for 1996-2004 for this project) summarize data and are available at the above website. Close

• 84. [Article] Oregon Fish Habitat Distribution Data

  Abstract -- Oregon Fish Habitat Distribution.These data describe areas of suitable habitat believed to be used currently or historically by native or non-native fish populations. The term "currently" is ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Oregon Fish Habitat Distribution Data Abstract -- Oregon Fish Habitat Distribution.These data describe areas of suitable habitat believed to be used currently or historically by native or non-native fish populations. The term "currently" is defined as within the past five reproductive cycles. Historical habitat includes suitable habitat that fish no longer access and will not access in the foreseeable future without human intervention. This information is based on sampling, the best professional opinion of Oregon Dept. of Fish and Wildlife or other natural resources agency staff biologists or modeling (see the fhdBasis field). Due to natural variations in run size, water conditions, or other environmental factors, some habitats identified may not be used annually. These data now comply with the Oregon Fish Habitat Distribution Data Standard that was adopted by the Oregon Geographic Information Council in June 2015. The Standard document can be found at: http://www.oregon.gov/DAS/CIO/GEO/fit/bioscience/docs/OregonFishHabitatDistributionDataStandardv3.pdf. Historical habitat distribution data are within the scope of the standard and are identified via the habitat use (fhdUseType) attribute. Historical habitats are only identified outside of currently accessible habitat and are not comprehensive. Key features of the Oregon Fish Habitat Distribution Data include: species, run, life history, habitat use, origin, production, the basis for each record, originator name, originator entity and reference. Habitat distribution data are mapped at a 1:24,000 scale statewide and are based on the National Hydrography dataset. The data are made available as GIS files in both shapefile and ESRI geodatabase format. The data were developed over an extensive time period ranging from 1996 to 2017. The data were recently migrated to USGS managed, Hydrography Event Management (HEM) tool compliant, event feature class format based on the National Hydrography Dataset. Publication datasets have had their NHD attributes removed to improve the usability of the data for viewing and querying purposes. Title: Oregon Fish Habitat Distribution Data Abstract -- Oregon Fish Habitat Distribution.These data describe areas of suitable habitat believed to be used currently or historically by native or non-native fish populations. The term "currently" is defined as within the past five reproductive cycles. Historical habitat includes suitable habitat that fish no longer access and will not access in the foreseeable future without human intervention. This information is based on sampling, the best professional opinion of Oregon Dept. of Fish and Wildlife or other natural resources agency staff biologists or modeling (see the fhdBasis field). Due to natural variations in run size, water conditions, or other environmental factors, some habitats identified may not be used annually. These data now comply with the Oregon Fish Habitat Distribution Data Standard that was adopted by the Oregon Geographic Information Council in June 2015. The Standard document can be found at: http://www.oregon.gov/DAS/CIO/GEO/fit/bioscience/docs/OregonFishHabitatDistributionDataStandardv3.pdf. Historical habitat distribution data are within the scope of the standard and are identified via the habitat use (fhdUseType) attribute. Historical habitats are only identified outside of currently accessible habitat and are not comprehensive. Key features of the Oregon Fish Habitat Distribution Data include: species, run, life history, habitat use, origin, production, the basis for each record, originator name, originator entity and reference. Habitat distribution data are mapped at a 1:24,000 scale statewide and are based on the National Hydrography dataset. The data are made available as GIS files in both shapefile and ESRI geodatabase format. The data were developed over an extensive time period ranging from 1996 to 2017. The data were recently migrated to USGS managed, Hydrography Event Management (HEM) tool compliant, event feature class format based on the National Hydrography Dataset. Publication datasets have had their NHD attributes removed to improve the usability of the data for viewing and querying purposes. Close

• 85. [Article] Willamette Biological Opinion Chinook Reservoir Research 2010

  Abstract -- We investigated life-history characteristics of juvenile Chinook salmon rearing in Cougar and Lookout Point reservoirs. The study objectives were to provide information on juvenile Chinook ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Willamette Biological Opinion Chinook Reservoir Research 2010 Abstract -- We investigated life-history characteristics of juvenile Chinook salmon rearing in Cougar and Lookout Point reservoirs. The study objectives were to provide information on juvenile Chinook salmon distribution, relative growth rate, predator/prey interactions, and other population characteristics. In addition, we tested the feasibility of various gear-types and techniques for sampling juvenile Chinook salmon rearing in a reservoir environment. A variety of techniques were necessary to capture juvenile Chinook salmon as reservoir conditions and fish behavior, size, and distribution within the reservoir changed throughout the year. Nighttime snorkel surveys were the least invasive and most productive method to investigate habitat utilization and fry distribution early in the Spring. Minnow traps, hoop nets, Lampara seining, and mid-water trawling were largely ineffective at sampling fry and larger-sized juveniles. Oneida Lake trap nets were the most effective at capturing larger-sized juvenile Chinook salmon when reservoir surface temperatures remained cool. Title: Willamette Biological Opinion Chinook Reservoir Research 2010 Abstract -- We investigated life-history characteristics of juvenile Chinook salmon rearing in Cougar and Lookout Point reservoirs. The study objectives were to provide information on juvenile Chinook salmon distribution, relative growth rate, predator/prey interactions, and other population characteristics. In addition, we tested the feasibility of various gear-types and techniques for sampling juvenile Chinook salmon rearing in a reservoir environment. A variety of techniques were necessary to capture juvenile Chinook salmon as reservoir conditions and fish behavior, size, and distribution within the reservoir changed throughout the year. Nighttime snorkel surveys were the least invasive and most productive method to investigate habitat utilization and fry distribution early in the Spring. Minnow traps, hoop nets, Lampara seining, and mid-water trawling were largely ineffective at sampling fry and larger-sized juveniles. Oneida Lake trap nets were the most effective at capturing larger-sized juvenile Chinook salmon when reservoir surface temperatures remained cool. Close

• 86. [Article] Willamette Biological Opinion Hatchery Research 2002 Annual Report

  Abstract -- Possible risks of artificial propagation programs have been well documented. Hazards include disease transfer, competition for food and spawning sites, increased predation, increased incidental ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Willamette Biological Opinion Hatchery Research 2002 Annual Report Abstract -- Possible risks of artificial propagation programs have been well documented. Hazards include disease transfer, competition for food and spawning sites, increased predation, increased incidental mortality from harvest, loss of genetic variability, genetic drift, and domestication (Steward and Bjornn 1990; Hard et al. 1992; Cuenco et al. 1993; Busack and Currens 1995; NRC 1996; and Waples 1999). Hatcheries can also play a positive role for wild salmonids by bolstering populations, especially those on the verge of extirpation, providing a genetic reserve in the case of extirpation, and providing opportunities for nutrient enrichment of streams (Steward and Bjornn 1990; Cuenco et al. 1993). The objective of this project is to evaluate the potential effects hatchery programs on naturally spawning populations of Spring Chinook and winter Steelhead within the Upper Willamette River ESU. The project employs four types of activities to achieve this goal: sampling of returns to hatcheries, creels to assess fisheries, monitoring of adult and juvenile migration through the use of traps and video observations, and monitoring natural production through spawning ground surveys. Title: Willamette Biological Opinion Hatchery Research 2002 Annual Report Abstract -- Possible risks of artificial propagation programs have been well documented. Hazards include disease transfer, competition for food and spawning sites, increased predation, increased incidental mortality from harvest, loss of genetic variability, genetic drift, and domestication (Steward and Bjornn 1990; Hard et al. 1992; Cuenco et al. 1993; Busack and Currens 1995; NRC 1996; and Waples 1999). Hatcheries can also play a positive role for wild salmonids by bolstering populations, especially those on the verge of extirpation, providing a genetic reserve in the case of extirpation, and providing opportunities for nutrient enrichment of streams (Steward and Bjornn 1990; Cuenco et al. 1993). The objective of this project is to evaluate the potential effects hatchery programs on naturally spawning populations of Spring Chinook and winter Steelhead within the Upper Willamette River ESU. The project employs four types of activities to achieve this goal: sampling of returns to hatcheries, creels to assess fisheries, monitoring of adult and juvenile migration through the use of traps and video observations, and monitoring natural production through spawning ground surveys. Close

• 87. [Article] Willamette Biological Opinion Hatchery Research 2002-03 Addendum

  Abstract -- This report is an addendum to the report on activities in 2002 that was generated in December of that year. This report also presents results of spawning surveys and stomach content analysis ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Willamette Biological Opinion Hatchery Research 2002-03 Addendum Abstract -- This report is an addendum to the report on activities in 2002 that was generated in December of that year. This report also presents results of spawning surveys and stomach content analysis that were completed in 2003. A complete report for the 2003 survey season will be prepared after the seasons trapping and angler surveys have ended. Title: Willamette Biological Opinion Hatchery Research 2002-03 Addendum Abstract -- This report is an addendum to the report on activities in 2002 that was generated in December of that year. This report also presents results of spawning surveys and stomach content analysis that were completed in 2003. A complete report for the 2003 survey season will be prepared after the seasons trapping and angler surveys have ended. Close

• 88. [Article] Willamette Biological Opinion Hatchery Research 2003 Annual Report

  Abstract -- Possible risks of artificial propagation programs have been well documented. Hazards include disease transfer, competition for food and spawning sites, increased predation, increased incidental ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Willamette Biological Opinion Hatchery Research 2003 Annual Report Abstract -- Possible risks of artificial propagation programs have been well documented. Hazards include disease transfer, competition for food and spawning sites, increased predation, increased incidental mortality from harvest, loss of genetic variability, genetic drift, and domestication (Steward and Bjornn 1990; Hard et al. 1992; Cuenco et al. 1993; Busack and Currens 1995; NRC 1996; and Waples 1999). Hatcheries can also play a positive role for wild salmonids by bolstering populations, especially those on the verge of extirpation, providing a genetic reserve in the case of extirpation, and providing opportunities for nutrient enrichment of streams (Steward and Bjornn 1990; Cuenco et al. 1993). The objective of this project is to evaluate the potential effects of hatchery programs on naturally spawning populations of spring chinook and winter steelhead within the Upper Willamette River ESU. The project employs four types of activities to achieve this goal: sampling of returns to hatcheries, creels to assess fisheries, monitoring of adult and juvenile migration through the use of traps and video observations, and monitoring natural production through spawning ground surveys. Title: Willamette Biological Opinion Hatchery Research 2003 Annual Report Abstract -- Possible risks of artificial propagation programs have been well documented. Hazards include disease transfer, competition for food and spawning sites, increased predation, increased incidental mortality from harvest, loss of genetic variability, genetic drift, and domestication (Steward and Bjornn 1990; Hard et al. 1992; Cuenco et al. 1993; Busack and Currens 1995; NRC 1996; and Waples 1999). Hatcheries can also play a positive role for wild salmonids by bolstering populations, especially those on the verge of extirpation, providing a genetic reserve in the case of extirpation, and providing opportunities for nutrient enrichment of streams (Steward and Bjornn 1990; Cuenco et al. 1993). The objective of this project is to evaluate the potential effects of hatchery programs on naturally spawning populations of spring chinook and winter steelhead within the Upper Willamette River ESU. The project employs four types of activities to achieve this goal: sampling of returns to hatcheries, creels to assess fisheries, monitoring of adult and juvenile migration through the use of traps and video observations, and monitoring natural production through spawning ground surveys. Close

• 89. [Article] Willamette Biological Opinion Hatchery Research 2007 Interim Activities Report

  Abstract -- Possible risks of artificial propagation programs have been well documented. Hazards include disease transfer, competition for food and spawning sites, increased predation, increased incidental mortality ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Willamette Biological Opinion Hatchery Research 2007 Interim Activities Report Abstract -- Possible risks of artificial propagation programs have been well documented. Hazards include disease transfer, competition for food and spawning sites, increased predation, increased incidental mortality from harvest, loss of genetic variability, genetic drift, and domestication (Steward and Bjornn 1990; Hard et al. 1992; Cuenco et al. 1993; Busack and Currens 1995; NRC 1996; and Waples 1999). Hatcheries can also play a positive role for wild salmonids by bolstering populations, especially those on the verge of extirpation, by providing a genetic reserve as well as providing opportunities for nutrient enrichment of streams (Steward and Bjornn 1990; Cuenco et al. 1993). The objective of this project is to evaluate the potential effects of hatchery programs on naturally spawning populations of spring Chinook within the Upper Willamette River ESU. The project employs three types of activities to achieve this goal: sampling of returns to hatcheries, monitoring of adult migration through the use video observations, and monitoring natural production through spawning ground surveys. Title: Willamette Biological Opinion Hatchery Research 2007 Interim Activities Report Abstract -- Possible risks of artificial propagation programs have been well documented. Hazards include disease transfer, competition for food and spawning sites, increased predation, increased incidental mortality from harvest, loss of genetic variability, genetic drift, and domestication (Steward and Bjornn 1990; Hard et al. 1992; Cuenco et al. 1993; Busack and Currens 1995; NRC 1996; and Waples 1999). Hatcheries can also play a positive role for wild salmonids by bolstering populations, especially those on the verge of extirpation, by providing a genetic reserve as well as providing opportunities for nutrient enrichment of streams (Steward and Bjornn 1990; Cuenco et al. 1993). The objective of this project is to evaluate the potential effects of hatchery programs on naturally spawning populations of spring Chinook within the Upper Willamette River ESU. The project employs three types of activities to achieve this goal: sampling of returns to hatcheries, monitoring of adult migration through the use video observations, and monitoring natural production through spawning ground surveys. Close

• 90. [Article] Spring Chinook Salmon in the Willamette and Sandy Rivers, Progress Reports 2002, F-163-R-07

  Abstract -- The Willamette and Sandy rivers support intense recreational fisheries for spring chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha). Fisheries in these basins rely primarily on annual hatchery releases ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Spring Chinook Salmon in the Willamette and Sandy Rivers, Progress Reports 2002, F-163-R-07 Abstract -- The Willamette and Sandy rivers support intense recreational fisheries for spring chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha). Fisheries in these basins rely primarily on annual hatchery releases of 5–8 million juveniles. Hatchery programs exist in the McKenzie, Middle Fork Willamette, North and South Santiam, Clackamas, and Sandy rivers mainly as mitigation for dams that blocked natural production areas. Some natural spawning occurs in most of the major basins and a few smaller tributaries upstream of Willamette Falls. The Oregon Fish and Wildlife Commission adopted the Wild Fish Management Policy to reduce adverse impacts of hatchery programs on wild native stocks (ODFW 1992a). The main goal of the policy is to protect the genetic diversity of these stocks recognizing that genetic resources are a major component, not only in sustaining wild stocks, but also in perpetuating hatchery programs and the fisheries they support. In the past, hatchery programs and fish passage issues were the focus of spring chinook salmon management in the Willamette and Sandy basins. Limited information was collected on the genetic structure among basin populations, on abundance and distribution of natural spawning, on rearing and migrating of juvenile salmon, or on strategies for reducing risks that large hatchery programs pose for wild salmon populations. This study is being implemented to gather this information. A schematic of the study plan is shown in APPENDIX A. We conducted work in the main-stem Willamette River at Willamette Falls, and in the Middle Fork Willamette, McKenzie, North Santiam, South Santiam, Molalla, Clackamas, and Sandy rivers in 2002. Basin descriptions and background information on management and fish runs can be found in subbasin plans developed by the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife (ODFW 1988, ODFW 1992b, ODFW 1992c, and ODFW 1996). Task headings below cross reference the study plan outlined in APPENDIX A. This report covers tasks that were worked on in late 2001 through early fall 2002. Title: Spring Chinook Salmon in the Willamette and Sandy Rivers, Progress Reports 2002, F-163-R-07 Abstract -- The Willamette and Sandy rivers support intense recreational fisheries for spring chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha). Fisheries in these basins rely primarily on annual hatchery releases of 5–8 million juveniles. Hatchery programs exist in the McKenzie, Middle Fork Willamette, North and South Santiam, Clackamas, and Sandy rivers mainly as mitigation for dams that blocked natural production areas. Some natural spawning occurs in most of the major basins and a few smaller tributaries upstream of Willamette Falls. The Oregon Fish and Wildlife Commission adopted the Wild Fish Management Policy to reduce adverse impacts of hatchery programs on wild native stocks (ODFW 1992a). The main goal of the policy is to protect the genetic diversity of these stocks recognizing that genetic resources are a major component, not only in sustaining wild stocks, but also in perpetuating hatchery programs and the fisheries they support. In the past, hatchery programs and fish passage issues were the focus of spring chinook salmon management in the Willamette and Sandy basins. Limited information was collected on the genetic structure among basin populations, on abundance and distribution of natural spawning, on rearing and migrating of juvenile salmon, or on strategies for reducing risks that large hatchery programs pose for wild salmon populations. This study is being implemented to gather this information. A schematic of the study plan is shown in APPENDIX A. We conducted work in the main-stem Willamette River at Willamette Falls, and in the Middle Fork Willamette, McKenzie, North Santiam, South Santiam, Molalla, Clackamas, and Sandy rivers in 2002. Basin descriptions and background information on management and fish runs can be found in subbasin plans developed by the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife (ODFW 1988, ODFW 1992b, ODFW 1992c, and ODFW 1996). Task headings below cross reference the study plan outlined in APPENDIX A. This report covers tasks that were worked on in late 2001 through early fall 2002. Close

• 91. [Article] Spring Chinook Salmon in the Willamette and Sandy Rivers, Progress Reports 2003, F-163-R-08

  Abstract -- The Willamette and Sandy rivers support intense recreational fisheries for spring chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha). Fisheries in these basins rely primarily on annual hatchery releases ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Spring Chinook Salmon in the Willamette and Sandy Rivers, Progress Reports 2003, F-163-R-08 Abstract -- The Willamette and Sandy rivers support intense recreational fisheries for spring chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha). Fisheries in these basins rely primarily on annual hatchery releases of 5–8 million juveniles. Hatchery programs exist in the McKenzie, Middle Fork Willamette, North and South Santiam, Clackamas, and Sandy rivers mainly as mitigation for dams that blocked natural production areas. Some natural spawning occurs in most of the major basins and a few smaller tributaries upstream of Willamette Falls. The Oregon Fish and Wildlife Commission adopted the Native Fish Conservation Policy (ODFW 2003a) and the Hatchery Management Policy (ODFW 2003b) in part to reduce adverse impacts of hatchery programs on wild native stocks. The Native Fish Conservation Policy recognizes that naturally produced native fish are the foundation for long-term sustainability of native species and hatchery programs, and the fisheries they support. In the past, hatchery programs and fish passage issues were the focus of spring chinook salmon management in the Willamette and Sandy basins. Limited information was collected on the genetic structure among basin populations, on abundance and distribution of natural spawning, on rearing and migrating of juvenile salmon, or on strategies for reducing risks that large hatchery programs pose for wild salmon populations. This study is being implemented to gather this information. A schematic of the study plan is shown in APPENDIX A. We conducted work in the main-stem Willamette River at Willamette Falls, and in the Middle Fork Willamette, McKenzie, Calapooia, North Santiam, South Santiam, Molalla, Clackamas, and Sandy rivers in 2003. Basin descriptions and background information on management and fish runs can be found in subbasin plans developed by the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife (ODFW 1988, ODFW 1992a, ODFW 1992b, and ODFW 1996). Task headings below cross reference the study plan outlined in APPENDIX A. This report covers tasks that were worked on in late 2002 through early fall 2003. Title: Spring Chinook Salmon in the Willamette and Sandy Rivers, Progress Reports 2003, F-163-R-08 Abstract -- The Willamette and Sandy rivers support intense recreational fisheries for spring chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha). Fisheries in these basins rely primarily on annual hatchery releases of 5–8 million juveniles. Hatchery programs exist in the McKenzie, Middle Fork Willamette, North and South Santiam, Clackamas, and Sandy rivers mainly as mitigation for dams that blocked natural production areas. Some natural spawning occurs in most of the major basins and a few smaller tributaries upstream of Willamette Falls. The Oregon Fish and Wildlife Commission adopted the Native Fish Conservation Policy (ODFW 2003a) and the Hatchery Management Policy (ODFW 2003b) in part to reduce adverse impacts of hatchery programs on wild native stocks. The Native Fish Conservation Policy recognizes that naturally produced native fish are the foundation for long-term sustainability of native species and hatchery programs, and the fisheries they support. In the past, hatchery programs and fish passage issues were the focus of spring chinook salmon management in the Willamette and Sandy basins. Limited information was collected on the genetic structure among basin populations, on abundance and distribution of natural spawning, on rearing and migrating of juvenile salmon, or on strategies for reducing risks that large hatchery programs pose for wild salmon populations. This study is being implemented to gather this information. A schematic of the study plan is shown in APPENDIX A. We conducted work in the main-stem Willamette River at Willamette Falls, and in the Middle Fork Willamette, McKenzie, Calapooia, North Santiam, South Santiam, Molalla, Clackamas, and Sandy rivers in 2003. Basin descriptions and background information on management and fish runs can be found in subbasin plans developed by the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife (ODFW 1988, ODFW 1992a, ODFW 1992b, and ODFW 1996). Task headings below cross reference the study plan outlined in APPENDIX A. This report covers tasks that were worked on in late 2002 through early fall 2003. Close

• 92. [Article] Spring Chinook in the Willamette and Sandy Rivers with 1996-2004 summaries; Progress Report 2005

  Abstract -- The Willamette and Sandy rivers support intense recreational fisheries for spring Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha). Fisheries in these basins rely primarily on annual hatchery releases ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Spring Chinook in the Willamette and Sandy Rivers with 1996-2004 summaries; Progress Report 2005 Abstract -- The Willamette and Sandy rivers support intense recreational fisheries for spring Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha). Fisheries in these basins rely primarily on annual hatchery releases of 5-8 million juveniles. Hatchery programs exist in the McKenzie, Middle Fork Willamette, North and South Santiam, Clackamas, and Sandy rivers mainly as mitigation for dams that blocked natural production areas. Some natural spawning occurs in most of the major basins and a few smaller tributaries upstream of Willamette Falls. The Oregon Fish and Wildlife Commission adopted the Native Fish Conservation Policy (ODFW 2003a) and the Hatchery Management Policy (ODFW 2003b) in part to reduce adverse impacts of hatchery programs on wild native stocks. The Native Fish Conservation Policy recognizes that naturally produced native fish are the foundation for long-term sustainability of native species and hatchery programs, and the fisheries they support. In the past, hatchery programs and fish passage issues were the focus of spring Chinook salmon management in the Willamette and Sandy basins. Limited information was collected on the genetic structure among basin populations, on abundance and distribution of natural spawning, on rearing and migrating of juvenile salmon, or on strategies for reducing risks that large hatchery programs pose for wild salmon populations. This study is being implemented to gather this information. We conducted work in the main-stem Willamette River at Willamette Falls, and in the Middle Fork Willamette, McKenzie, North Santiam, South Santiam, Molalla, Clackamas, and Sandy rivers in 2004-2005. Task headings below cross reference the study plan outlined in APPENDIX A. This report covers tasks that were worked on in late 2004 through early fall 2005, and summarizes data from 1996-2004. Title: Spring Chinook in the Willamette and Sandy Rivers with 1996-2004 summaries; Progress Report 2005 Abstract -- The Willamette and Sandy rivers support intense recreational fisheries for spring Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha). Fisheries in these basins rely primarily on annual hatchery releases of 5-8 million juveniles. Hatchery programs exist in the McKenzie, Middle Fork Willamette, North and South Santiam, Clackamas, and Sandy rivers mainly as mitigation for dams that blocked natural production areas. Some natural spawning occurs in most of the major basins and a few smaller tributaries upstream of Willamette Falls. The Oregon Fish and Wildlife Commission adopted the Native Fish Conservation Policy (ODFW 2003a) and the Hatchery Management Policy (ODFW 2003b) in part to reduce adverse impacts of hatchery programs on wild native stocks. The Native Fish Conservation Policy recognizes that naturally produced native fish are the foundation for long-term sustainability of native species and hatchery programs, and the fisheries they support. In the past, hatchery programs and fish passage issues were the focus of spring Chinook salmon management in the Willamette and Sandy basins. Limited information was collected on the genetic structure among basin populations, on abundance and distribution of natural spawning, on rearing and migrating of juvenile salmon, or on strategies for reducing risks that large hatchery programs pose for wild salmon populations. This study is being implemented to gather this information. We conducted work in the main-stem Willamette River at Willamette Falls, and in the Middle Fork Willamette, McKenzie, North Santiam, South Santiam, Molalla, Clackamas, and Sandy rivers in 2004-2005. Task headings below cross reference the study plan outlined in APPENDIX A. This report covers tasks that were worked on in late 2004 through early fall 2005, and summarizes data from 1996-2004. Close

• 93. [Article] Draft - Trout and Warm Water Fish Running Waters

  Abstract -- Running Waters: Running waters include the main Rogue, Applegate, and Illinois rivers, and all associated tributary streams in the Rogue River basin. Historical information on trout in the ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Draft - Trout and Warm Water Fish Running Waters Abstract -- Running Waters: Running waters include the main Rogue, Applegate, and Illinois rivers, and all associated tributary streams in the Rogue River basin. Historical information on trout in the Rogue River basin was summarized by Cole M. Rivers (in press) prior to 1962. Cutthroat and downstream migrating steelhead were abundant and easily caught from streams all through the settled portions of the basin. There was no need to take a trip away from home to fish for trout. Angling for trout was not thought of as a recreational pastime until the 1930s. The headwaters of the Applegate and Illinois rivers, and Jumpoff Joe and Grave creeks were preferred for trout fishing because of the easy access provided by mining roads. The California-Oregon Power Company provided access to trout fishing waters in the Prospect region as early as 1912. The completion of the Crater Lake and Diamond Lake highways in 1927 allowed access to the upper Rogue River and its tributaries. Access to other parts of the basin was provided when foot and wagon trails were made into roads by crews of the Civil Conservation Corps in the 1930's. Most natural lakes were devoid of fish life until they were stocked by miners or cattlemen who wanted a supply of trout close to their camps. Fish Lake was one of the first impoundments preferred for sport fishing because of good cattle trails leading from the Bear creek Valley into the area. Anglers were packed in by cattlemen after the dam was built in 1898. Other impoundments providing good trout fishing in the 1920s included Emigrant Lake which received heavy pressure. Many lakes were barren of fish life until rainbow, eastern brook, or cutthroat were packed in by private parties, the Forest Service, or the Oregon Game Commission in the 1920s. Prospectors and early settlers stocked some of the lakes earlier with fish that had been collected or salvaged from creeks that were drying up. There are no records of the unofficial introductions, and those of the Game Commission burned in a fire in 1936. Table 1 lists the liberations of trout recorded by the U.S. Bureau of Fisheries from 1907 to 1940. Title: Draft - Trout and Warm Water Fish Running Waters Abstract -- Running Waters: Running waters include the main Rogue, Applegate, and Illinois rivers, and all associated tributary streams in the Rogue River basin. Historical information on trout in the Rogue River basin was summarized by Cole M. Rivers (in press) prior to 1962. Cutthroat and downstream migrating steelhead were abundant and easily caught from streams all through the settled portions of the basin. There was no need to take a trip away from home to fish for trout. Angling for trout was not thought of as a recreational pastime until the 1930s. The headwaters of the Applegate and Illinois rivers, and Jumpoff Joe and Grave creeks were preferred for trout fishing because of the easy access provided by mining roads. The California-Oregon Power Company provided access to trout fishing waters in the Prospect region as early as 1912. The completion of the Crater Lake and Diamond Lake highways in 1927 allowed access to the upper Rogue River and its tributaries. Access to other parts of the basin was provided when foot and wagon trails were made into roads by crews of the Civil Conservation Corps in the 1930's. Most natural lakes were devoid of fish life until they were stocked by miners or cattlemen who wanted a supply of trout close to their camps. Fish Lake was one of the first impoundments preferred for sport fishing because of good cattle trails leading from the Bear creek Valley into the area. Anglers were packed in by cattlemen after the dam was built in 1898. Other impoundments providing good trout fishing in the 1920s included Emigrant Lake which received heavy pressure. Many lakes were barren of fish life until rainbow, eastern brook, or cutthroat were packed in by private parties, the Forest Service, or the Oregon Game Commission in the 1920s. Prospectors and early settlers stocked some of the lakes earlier with fish that had been collected or salvaged from creeks that were drying up. There are no records of the unofficial introductions, and those of the Game Commission burned in a fire in 1936. Table 1 lists the liberations of trout recorded by the U.S. Bureau of Fisheries from 1907 to 1940. Close

• 94. [Article] Habitat use and activity patterns of Deacon Rockfish (Sebastes diaconus) at seasonal scales and in response to episodic hypoxia.

  Abstract -- Knowledge of fish movements and residency are key to design and interpretation of results from bioacoustic sonar and visual survey methods, which are being developed as tools for use in nearshore ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Habitat use and activity patterns of Deacon Rockfish (Sebastes diaconus) at seasonal scales and in response to episodic hypoxia. Abstract -- Knowledge of fish movements and residency are key to design and interpretation of results from bioacoustic sonar and visual survey methods, which are being developed as tools for use in nearshore rocky reef surveys to estimate biomass and species composition. Fishers in Oregon report that an important component of the nearshore catch, Deacon Rockfish (Sebastes diaconus), become unavailable to harvest seasonally, and suggest periodic migration away from nearshore reef areas. Seasonal and spatial variation in landings data potentially support this theory. We used a high-resolution acoustic telemetry array and a combination of presence/absence receiver arrays, to study the daily and seasonal movements and the activity patterns of 11 acoustically tagged Deacon Rockfish on a nearshore rocky reef off Seal Rock, Oregon. Over the 11-month study period, most fish (n=6) exhibited high site fidelity. For the duration of the high-resolution array (5 mo), these fish had small home ranges (mean 95% KDE=4907 m2) and consistent activity patterns, except during seasonal hypoxia (defined as dissolved oxygen concentration [DO] < 2 mg l-1). During the summer months, resident fish were strongly diurnal with high levels of daytime activity above the bottom in relatively rugose habitat, followed by nighttime rest periods in deeper water in habitat of relatively less rugosity. During hypoxia, fish exhibited moderate activity levels with no rest periods and moved well away from their core activity areas on long, erratic forays. Wintertime activity levels were moderate with less defined daily patterns, but fish continued to remain within the array area. We suggest that Deacon Rockfish remain on nearshore reefs throughout the year, but their visual capabilities and prey preferences for seasonally occurring planktonic organisms strongly influences their catchability. Habitat use and activity patterns exhibited by Deacon Rockfish are conducive to bioacoustic sonar and visual survey methods if season, daylight, and oxygen levels are considered. Title: Habitat use and activity patterns of Deacon Rockfish (Sebastes diaconus) at seasonal scales and in response to episodic hypoxia. Abstract -- Knowledge of fish movements and residency are key to design and interpretation of results from bioacoustic sonar and visual survey methods, which are being developed as tools for use in nearshore rocky reef surveys to estimate biomass and species composition. Fishers in Oregon report that an important component of the nearshore catch, Deacon Rockfish (Sebastes diaconus), become unavailable to harvest seasonally, and suggest periodic migration away from nearshore reef areas. Seasonal and spatial variation in landings data potentially support this theory. We used a high-resolution acoustic telemetry array and a combination of presence/absence receiver arrays, to study the daily and seasonal movements and the activity patterns of 11 acoustically tagged Deacon Rockfish on a nearshore rocky reef off Seal Rock, Oregon. Over the 11-month study period, most fish (n=6) exhibited high site fidelity. For the duration of the high-resolution array (5 mo), these fish had small home ranges (mean 95% KDE=4907 m2) and consistent activity patterns, except during seasonal hypoxia (defined as dissolved oxygen concentration [DO] < 2 mg l-1). During the summer months, resident fish were strongly diurnal with high levels of daytime activity above the bottom in relatively rugose habitat, followed by nighttime rest periods in deeper water in habitat of relatively less rugosity. During hypoxia, fish exhibited moderate activity levels with no rest periods and moved well away from their core activity areas on long, erratic forays. Wintertime activity levels were moderate with less defined daily patterns, but fish continued to remain within the array area. We suggest that Deacon Rockfish remain on nearshore reefs throughout the year, but their visual capabilities and prey preferences for seasonally occurring planktonic organisms strongly influences their catchability. Habitat use and activity patterns exhibited by Deacon Rockfish are conducive to bioacoustic sonar and visual survey methods if season, daylight, and oxygen levels are considered. Close

• 95. [Article] Oregon Fish Passage Barriers

  Abstract -- The Oregon Fish Passage Barrier Data Standard (OFPBDS) dataset contains barriers to fish passage in Oregon watercourses. Barriers include the following types of natural or artificial structures: ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Oregon Fish Passage Barriers Abstract -- The Oregon Fish Passage Barrier Data Standard (OFPBDS) dataset contains barriers to fish passage in Oregon watercourses. Barriers include the following types of natural or artificial structures: bridges, cascades, culverts, dams, debris jams, fords, natural falls, tide gates, and weirs. The OFPBDS dataset does not include structures which are not associated with in-stream features (such as dikes, levees or berms). Barriers are structures which do, or potentially may, impede fish movement and migration. Barriers can be known to cause complete or partial blockage to fish passage, or they can be completely passable, or they may have an unknown passage status. This dataset complies with version 1.1 of the OFBPDS data standard. New optional attributes have been added to describe fish passage barrier feature modifications, to describe supplementary information (via a comments field) and also to linear reference the barrier features to the National Hydrography Dataset. The OFPBDS dataset now contains over 40,000 barrier features from 19 separate sources including: Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife (ODFW), Oregon Department of Transportation (ODOT), Oregon Department of Water Resources (OWRD), Oregon Department of Forestry (ODF), Oregon Watershed Enhancement Board (OWEB), Oregon Department of Land Conservation and Development (DLCD) US Bureau of Land Management (BLM), US Forest Service, Nez Perce Tribe, Benton SWCD, Washington county, Lower Columbia River Estuary Partnership and watershed councils representing the Rogue, Umpqua, Siuslaw, Santiam, Calapooia, Clackamas and Scapoose basins. The Data Steward obtained fish passage barrier data from multiple data originators between 2008 and 2015, collaborated with them to develop inclusion / exclusion criteria and dataset specific crosswalks for converting data from its original data structure to the structure of the OFPBDS. The data were then converted into the OFPBDS format and analyzed for duplication with existing OFPBDS barrier features. Where duplicates were identified, depending upon the scenario, one feature was either chosen over the other or in some cases attributes from different sources are combined. Source information is retained for each feature. The data were then loaded into the OFPBDS database. Barrier features were linear referenced (Framework Hydro only which is outside of the standard) and the corresponding optional attribute elements were populated. The data conversion, duplication reconciliation and linear referencing protocols are documented in the Oregon Fish Passage Barrier Data Management Plan. A separate dataset containing fish passage barrier features that have been completely removed or replaced (e.g. dam removals and culvert replacements) is published simultaneously with the OFPBDS dataset. The OFPBDS database is the most comprehensive compilation of fish passage barrier information in Oregon however, it does NOT represent a complete and current record of every fish passage barrier within the state. Efforts to address deficiencies in data currency, completeness and accuracy are ongoing and are often limited by lack of sufficient resources. Attributes (including key attributes such as fish passage status) are often unknown or incomplete. Consistency in attribution also varies among data originators. Field verification of barrier features and their attributes will be an important component to making this dataset current, comprehensive and accurate. Fish passage status is a key attribute. Many barrier features have an unknown passage status. For other features, the passage status may have changed since it was originally documented. Note that this metadata file is best viewed in ArcCatalog. Documentation for the OFPBDS can be found online at http://www.oregon.gov/DAS/EISPD/GEO/docs/bioscience/OregonFishPassageBarrierDataStandardv1dot1.pdf. Title: Oregon Fish Passage Barriers Abstract -- The Oregon Fish Passage Barrier Data Standard (OFPBDS) dataset contains barriers to fish passage in Oregon watercourses. Barriers include the following types of natural or artificial structures: bridges, cascades, culverts, dams, debris jams, fords, natural falls, tide gates, and weirs. The OFPBDS dataset does not include structures which are not associated with in-stream features (such as dikes, levees or berms). Barriers are structures which do, or potentially may, impede fish movement and migration. Barriers can be known to cause complete or partial blockage to fish passage, or they can be completely passable, or they may have an unknown passage status. This dataset complies with version 1.1 of the OFBPDS data standard. New optional attributes have been added to describe fish passage barrier feature modifications, to describe supplementary information (via a comments field) and also to linear reference the barrier features to the National Hydrography Dataset. The OFPBDS dataset now contains over 40,000 barrier features from 19 separate sources including: Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife (ODFW), Oregon Department of Transportation (ODOT), Oregon Department of Water Resources (OWRD), Oregon Department of Forestry (ODF), Oregon Watershed Enhancement Board (OWEB), Oregon Department of Land Conservation and Development (DLCD) US Bureau of Land Management (BLM), US Forest Service, Nez Perce Tribe, Benton SWCD, Washington county, Lower Columbia River Estuary Partnership and watershed councils representing the Rogue, Umpqua, Siuslaw, Santiam, Calapooia, Clackamas and Scapoose basins. The Data Steward obtained fish passage barrier data from multiple data originators between 2008 and 2015, collaborated with them to develop inclusion / exclusion criteria and dataset specific crosswalks for converting data from its original data structure to the structure of the OFPBDS. The data were then converted into the OFPBDS format and analyzed for duplication with existing OFPBDS barrier features. Where duplicates were identified, depending upon the scenario, one feature was either chosen over the other or in some cases attributes from different sources are combined. Source information is retained for each feature. The data were then loaded into the OFPBDS database. Barrier features were linear referenced (Framework Hydro only which is outside of the standard) and the corresponding optional attribute elements were populated. The data conversion, duplication reconciliation and linear referencing protocols are documented in the Oregon Fish Passage Barrier Data Management Plan. A separate dataset containing fish passage barrier features that have been completely removed or replaced (e.g. dam removals and culvert replacements) is published simultaneously with the OFPBDS dataset. The OFPBDS database is the most comprehensive compilation of fish passage barrier information in Oregon however, it does NOT represent a complete and current record of every fish passage barrier within the state. Efforts to address deficiencies in data currency, completeness and accuracy are ongoing and are often limited by lack of sufficient resources. Attributes (including key attributes such as fish passage status) are often unknown or incomplete. Consistency in attribution also varies among data originators. Field verification of barrier features and their attributes will be an important component to making this dataset current, comprehensive and accurate. Fish passage status is a key attribute. Many barrier features have an unknown passage status. For other features, the passage status may have changed since it was originally documented. Note that this metadata file is best viewed in ArcCatalog. Documentation for the OFPBDS can be found online at http://www.oregon.gov/DAS/EISPD/GEO/docs/bioscience/OregonFishPassageBarrierDataStandardv1dot1.pdf. Close

• 96. [Article] Abundance, Life History, and Distribution of Bull Trout in the Hood River Basin: A Summary of Findings from 2006 to 2009 Information Reports number 2010-01

  Abstract -- Bull trout have been adversely affected by many land, water, and fisheries management activities throughout the range of the species. Degraded and fragmented habitat and negative interactions with ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Abundance, Life History, and Distribution of Bull Trout in the Hood River Basin: A Summary of Findings from 2006 to 2009 Information Reports number 2010-01 Abstract -- Bull trout have been adversely affected by many land, water, and fisheries management activities throughout the range of the species. Degraded and fragmented habitat and negative interactions with nonnative fishes have led to a decline in bull trout distribution and abundance, several local extirpations, and a federal listing in 1998 as a threatened species under the Endangered Species Act (USFWS 2002). Distribution and abundance of bull trout also have declined in Oregon, and most management units in the state are considered to be threatened by conservation risks (ODFW 2005). One of these at-risk management units exists in the Hood River basin (ODFW 2005). Bull trout in Hood River basin currently are thought to exist as two independent reproductive units (USFWS 2002), known as local populations (Rieman and McIntyre 1995). The Clear Branch local population was isolated from the rest of the basin by the construction of Clear Branch Dam in 1968. This dam provides limited downstream fish passage during periods of spill and no voluntary upstream passage. Bull trout in this population inhabit Laurance Lake reservoir and the tributaries Pinnacle Creek and upper Clear Branch, which flow into the reservoir. The Hood River local population is distributed in the mainstem Hood River, Middle Fork Hood River (Middle Fork), and a few Middle Fork tributaries. Fluvial migrants from Hood River basin also forage and winter in the Columbia River (Pribyl et al. 1996, Buchanan et al. 1997). Bull trout have been observed in the East and West Fork basins of the Hood River, but these sightings have been rare. Presently, there is little evidence to suggest local populations exist in these tributary basins (USFWS 2002, Reagan and Olsen 2008). The status of both local populations is extremely precarious. Threats that put the Clear Branch population at risk of extirpation include low abundance, negative interactions with illegally introduced smallmouth bass, isolation from upstream migration and immigration, and diminished spawning and rearing habitat (USFW 1998). The Hood River population also appears to be small and is affected by passage barriers, unscreened irrigation diversions, impaired water quality, and periodic debris flows during glacial outbursts (USFWS 1998). As mandated by their federally designated threatened status, recovery plans were drafted by the US Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) for each distinct population segment, including for Hood River bull trout in 2002. This draft plan listed four goals for recovery in this basin: 1) establish at least one more local population in addition to the two existing populations, 2) increase the estimated adult population in the basin to at least 500 individuals, 3) achieve a stable or increasing trend at the population recovery level for at least two generations (=10 years), and 4) improve habitat connectivity by addressing problems with passage and screening at diversions and seasonal water quality barriers (USFWS 2002). The recovery plan also sets out research and monitoring needs critical to the recovery of these populations. Needed are accurate adult abundance estimates; a standardized monitoring program; more life history information for each local population, including how Hood River bull trout use of the Columbia River and the effects of potential passage obstructions on movement; and more information on the threat posed to the Clear Branch population by the illegal introduction of smallmouth bass in Lake Laurance reservoir. The Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife (ODFW), with the help of the USDA Forest Service (USFS), initiated a four-year study in 2006 seeking to address these needs by synthesizing available data and conducting further studies to improve our understanding of the abundance, life history, and potential limiting factors of bull trout in the Hood River recovery unit. This report describes our findings, summarizes previous studies in the context of new information, and recommends a standardized monitoring protocol and future research. Our specific study objectives were as follows: 1. Assess adult abundance of the Clear Branch local population and develop a monitoring protocol to track abundance trends that is statistically reliable, cost-effective, and that minimizes potential adverse effects on this small isolated population. 2. Describe the juvenile and adult life history patterns of the Clear Branch local population. 3. Assess the potential impact of smallmouth bass on bull trout in Laurance Lake reservoir. 4. Determine current distribution of bull trout reproduction and early rearing in potential bull trout streams in the Hood River basin. 5. Describe the migratory life history of Hood River bull trout and assess the potential impacts of Coe Diversion and two new falls on the Middle Fork Hood River (scoured by the November 2006 glacial outburst) on bull trout migrations. Title: Abundance, Life History, and Distribution of Bull Trout in the Hood River Basin: A Summary of Findings from 2006 to 2009 Information Reports number 2010-01 Abstract -- Bull trout have been adversely affected by many land, water, and fisheries management activities throughout the range of the species. Degraded and fragmented habitat and negative interactions with nonnative fishes have led to a decline in bull trout distribution and abundance, several local extirpations, and a federal listing in 1998 as a threatened species under the Endangered Species Act (USFWS 2002). Distribution and abundance of bull trout also have declined in Oregon, and most management units in the state are considered to be threatened by conservation risks (ODFW 2005). One of these at-risk management units exists in the Hood River basin (ODFW 2005). Bull trout in Hood River basin currently are thought to exist as two independent reproductive units (USFWS 2002), known as local populations (Rieman and McIntyre 1995). The Clear Branch local population was isolated from the rest of the basin by the construction of Clear Branch Dam in 1968. This dam provides limited downstream fish passage during periods of spill and no voluntary upstream passage. Bull trout in this population inhabit Laurance Lake reservoir and the tributaries Pinnacle Creek and upper Clear Branch, which flow into the reservoir. The Hood River local population is distributed in the mainstem Hood River, Middle Fork Hood River (Middle Fork), and a few Middle Fork tributaries. Fluvial migrants from Hood River basin also forage and winter in the Columbia River (Pribyl et al. 1996, Buchanan et al. 1997). Bull trout have been observed in the East and West Fork basins of the Hood River, but these sightings have been rare. Presently, there is little evidence to suggest local populations exist in these tributary basins (USFWS 2002, Reagan and Olsen 2008). The status of both local populations is extremely precarious. Threats that put the Clear Branch population at risk of extirpation include low abundance, negative interactions with illegally introduced smallmouth bass, isolation from upstream migration and immigration, and diminished spawning and rearing habitat (USFW 1998). The Hood River population also appears to be small and is affected by passage barriers, unscreened irrigation diversions, impaired water quality, and periodic debris flows during glacial outbursts (USFWS 1998). As mandated by their federally designated threatened status, recovery plans were drafted by the US Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) for each distinct population segment, including for Hood River bull trout in 2002. This draft plan listed four goals for recovery in this basin: 1) establish at least one more local population in addition to the two existing populations, 2) increase the estimated adult population in the basin to at least 500 individuals, 3) achieve a stable or increasing trend at the population recovery level for at least two generations (=10 years), and 4) improve habitat connectivity by addressing problems with passage and screening at diversions and seasonal water quality barriers (USFWS 2002). The recovery plan also sets out research and monitoring needs critical to the recovery of these populations. Needed are accurate adult abundance estimates; a standardized monitoring program; more life history information for each local population, including how Hood River bull trout use of the Columbia River and the effects of potential passage obstructions on movement; and more information on the threat posed to the Clear Branch population by the illegal introduction of smallmouth bass in Lake Laurance reservoir. The Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife (ODFW), with the help of the USDA Forest Service (USFS), initiated a four-year study in 2006 seeking to address these needs by synthesizing available data and conducting further studies to improve our understanding of the abundance, life history, and potential limiting factors of bull trout in the Hood River recovery unit. This report describes our findings, summarizes previous studies in the context of new information, and recommends a standardized monitoring protocol and future research. Our specific study objectives were as follows: 1. Assess adult abundance of the Clear Branch local population and develop a monitoring protocol to track abundance trends that is statistically reliable, cost-effective, and that minimizes potential adverse effects on this small isolated population. 2. Describe the juvenile and adult life history patterns of the Clear Branch local population. 3. Assess the potential impact of smallmouth bass on bull trout in Laurance Lake reservoir. 4. Determine current distribution of bull trout reproduction and early rearing in potential bull trout streams in the Hood River basin. 5. Describe the migratory life history of Hood River bull trout and assess the potential impacts of Coe Diversion and two new falls on the Middle Fork Hood River (scoured by the November 2006 glacial outburst) on bull trout migrations. Close

• 97. [Article] Passage behavior of radio-tagged yearling chinook salmon and steelhead at Bonneville Dam associated with the Surface Bypass Program, 2000

  Abstract -- In 1994, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (COE) initiated a program to develop and evaluate surface-oriented juvenile salmonid bypass systems at hydroelectric dams on the Columbia and Snake ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Passage behavior of radio-tagged yearling chinook salmon and steelhead at Bonneville Dam associated with the Surface Bypass Program, 2000 Abstract -- In 1994, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (COE) initiated a program to develop and evaluate surface-oriented juvenile salmonid bypass systems at hydroelectric dams on the Columbia and Snake rivers. The goal of the program was to develop juvenile bypass systems that would significantly improve the passage efficiency and survival of juvenile salmonids during their downstream migration. In 1998 a prototype surface collector (PSC) was installed at Bonneville Dam's first powerhouse. The PSC was designed not to bypass fish around the turbines but rather to examine fish behavior and hydraulics at the entrances and to determine the efficacy of surface bypass at BI before building a full production surface bypass system. In 1998 and 1999, our radio telemetry evaluation indicated that only 27-49% of the fish that came within 6 m of the entrances entered the PSC. We also determined that a 6 m entrance width was more efficient than a 1.5 m entrance width. In 2000, the PSC was extended to include turbines 1-6 and each of the six entrances was 6 m wide. To continue our evaluation of the PSC in 2000, we used radio telemetry to examine the movements and behavior of subyearling chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha in the forebay of Bonneville Dam. The objectives of this research were to: 1) determine the behavior, distribution, and approach patterns of subyearling chinook salmon in the forebay areas of Bonneville Dam; 2) determine the time and route of dam passage of sub yearling chinook salmon; 3) determine movement patterns and behavior of subyearling chinook salmon in the vicinity of the PSC; and 4) assess the efficiency and effectiveness of the PSC. From 25 April to 1 June 2000, we radio-tagged and released 1,193 juvenile hatchery steelhead and 2,075 yearling chinook salmon. These fish were released from four locations upstream of Bonneville Dam: Rock Creek, John Day Dam, The Dalles Dam, and Hood River, Oregon. Median travel times from release to Bonneville Dam ranged from 14 h to 76 h, depending on species and the location of release. Of all the fish released, we detected 80% of steelhead and 82% of chinook salmon at Bonneville Dam. Of the fish released at Hood River, we detected 95% of steelhead and 94% of chinook salmon. Median residence time in the forebay areas of Bonneville Dam ranged from 8 min to 9 .7 h, depending on species and forebay area. Discharge rates and die! periods effected residence times of both species. Passage routes were determined for 91 % of steelhead and 92% of chinook salmon detected at Bonneville Dam. Nearly half ( 49%) of steelhead passed at powerhouse one (BI), and the largest proportion ( 44%) of chinook salmon passed through the spillway. Thirty-four percent of steelhead detected at Bonneville Dam passed through the spillway. Of the steelhead that passed at Bl, 44% passed into the sluiceway, 33% were guided into the downstream migration channel (DSM) via the standard-length submersible traveling screens (STS) or extended-length submersible bar screens (ESBS), and 23% were unguided and passed directly through the turbines. Of the chinook salmon that passed at Bl, 29% passed into the sluiceway, 36% were guided into the DSM, and 35% were unguided and passed directly through the turbines. Of the fish that passed at B2, 55% of steelhead and 39% of chinook salmon were guided into the DSM by the STS and 45% of steelhead and 60% of chinook salmon passed through the turbines unguided. No steelhead and 1 % of chinook salmon were detected passing through the sluice chute at B2, which was minimally operated during spring 2000. Passage rates were highest for both species during the day at the spillway and B 1. However, passage rates were highest for both species during the night at B2. Of the fish that entered the Bl forebay, 74% of steelhead and 63% of chinook sahnon were detected within 6 m of the PSC and were therefore considered to have discovered the PSC. Of the fish that discovered the PSC, 60% of steelhead and 72% of chinook salmon entered the PSC. However, of the fish that entered the PSC, only 29% (61 of 214) of steelhead and 41 % (100 of 246) of chinook salmon entered the PSC via the entrance they were first detected at without meandering to one or more entrances. Therefore, of the fish that entered the PSC, 71 % (153 of214) of steelhead and 59% (146 of 246) of chinook salmon meandered to one or more entrances before entering the PSC. In relation to units 1-6 at B 1, the PSC was quite efficient at collecting fish. Of the fish that passed at units 1-6 (guided and unguided) 83% of steelhead and 78% of chinook salmon entered the PSC. The PSC was also relatively effective compared to water passing into the turbines and the spillway. An effectiveness of 2.5 for steelhead and 2.4 for chinook salmon indicated that the proportion of fish that entered the PSC out of total passage at units 1-6 was over twice as high as the proportion of discharge that entered the PSC out of total discharge into and under the PSC at units 1-6. When compared to spillway effectiveness (1.0 for steelhead and 1.3 for chinook salmon), PSC effectiveness was about twice as high. Since fish that entered the PSC could pass through other routes, the PSC was not considered an actual passage route for purposes of calculating passage metrics such as FPE. However, if the PSC were an actual passage route, FPE would have increased from 78% to 85% for steelhead and from 73% to 78% for chinook salmon. Title: Passage behavior of radio-tagged yearling chinook salmon and steelhead at Bonneville Dam associated with the Surface Bypass Program, 2000 Abstract -- In 1994, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (COE) initiated a program to develop and evaluate surface-oriented juvenile salmonid bypass systems at hydroelectric dams on the Columbia and Snake rivers. The goal of the program was to develop juvenile bypass systems that would significantly improve the passage efficiency and survival of juvenile salmonids during their downstream migration. In 1998 a prototype surface collector (PSC) was installed at Bonneville Dam's first powerhouse. The PSC was designed not to bypass fish around the turbines but rather to examine fish behavior and hydraulics at the entrances and to determine the efficacy of surface bypass at BI before building a full production surface bypass system. In 1998 and 1999, our radio telemetry evaluation indicated that only 27-49% of the fish that came within 6 m of the entrances entered the PSC. We also determined that a 6 m entrance width was more efficient than a 1.5 m entrance width. In 2000, the PSC was extended to include turbines 1-6 and each of the six entrances was 6 m wide. To continue our evaluation of the PSC in 2000, we used radio telemetry to examine the movements and behavior of subyearling chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha in the forebay of Bonneville Dam. The objectives of this research were to: 1) determine the behavior, distribution, and approach patterns of subyearling chinook salmon in the forebay areas of Bonneville Dam; 2) determine the time and route of dam passage of sub yearling chinook salmon; 3) determine movement patterns and behavior of subyearling chinook salmon in the vicinity of the PSC; and 4) assess the efficiency and effectiveness of the PSC. From 25 April to 1 June 2000, we radio-tagged and released 1,193 juvenile hatchery steelhead and 2,075 yearling chinook salmon. These fish were released from four locations upstream of Bonneville Dam: Rock Creek, John Day Dam, The Dalles Dam, and Hood River, Oregon. Median travel times from release to Bonneville Dam ranged from 14 h to 76 h, depending on species and the location of release. Of all the fish released, we detected 80% of steelhead and 82% of chinook salmon at Bonneville Dam. Of the fish released at Hood River, we detected 95% of steelhead and 94% of chinook salmon. Median residence time in the forebay areas of Bonneville Dam ranged from 8 min to 9 .7 h, depending on species and forebay area. Discharge rates and die! periods effected residence times of both species. Passage routes were determined for 91 % of steelhead and 92% of chinook salmon detected at Bonneville Dam. Nearly half ( 49%) of steelhead passed at powerhouse one (BI), and the largest proportion ( 44%) of chinook salmon passed through the spillway. Thirty-four percent of steelhead detected at Bonneville Dam passed through the spillway. Of the steelhead that passed at Bl, 44% passed into the sluiceway, 33% were guided into the downstream migration channel (DSM) via the standard-length submersible traveling screens (STS) or extended-length submersible bar screens (ESBS), and 23% were unguided and passed directly through the turbines. Of the chinook salmon that passed at Bl, 29% passed into the sluiceway, 36% were guided into the DSM, and 35% were unguided and passed directly through the turbines. Of the fish that passed at B2, 55% of steelhead and 39% of chinook salmon were guided into the DSM by the STS and 45% of steelhead and 60% of chinook salmon passed through the turbines unguided. No steelhead and 1 % of chinook salmon were detected passing through the sluice chute at B2, which was minimally operated during spring 2000. Passage rates were highest for both species during the day at the spillway and B 1. However, passage rates were highest for both species during the night at B2. Of the fish that entered the Bl forebay, 74% of steelhead and 63% of chinook sahnon were detected within 6 m of the PSC and were therefore considered to have discovered the PSC. Of the fish that discovered the PSC, 60% of steelhead and 72% of chinook salmon entered the PSC. However, of the fish that entered the PSC, only 29% (61 of 214) of steelhead and 41 % (100 of 246) of chinook salmon entered the PSC via the entrance they were first detected at without meandering to one or more entrances. Therefore, of the fish that entered the PSC, 71 % (153 of214) of steelhead and 59% (146 of 246) of chinook salmon meandered to one or more entrances before entering the PSC. In relation to units 1-6 at B 1, the PSC was quite efficient at collecting fish. Of the fish that passed at units 1-6 (guided and unguided) 83% of steelhead and 78% of chinook salmon entered the PSC. The PSC was also relatively effective compared to water passing into the turbines and the spillway. An effectiveness of 2.5 for steelhead and 2.4 for chinook salmon indicated that the proportion of fish that entered the PSC out of total passage at units 1-6 was over twice as high as the proportion of discharge that entered the PSC out of total discharge into and under the PSC at units 1-6. When compared to spillway effectiveness (1.0 for steelhead and 1.3 for chinook salmon), PSC effectiveness was about twice as high. Since fish that entered the PSC could pass through other routes, the PSC was not considered an actual passage route for purposes of calculating passage metrics such as FPE. However, if the PSC were an actual passage route, FPE would have increased from 78% to 85% for steelhead and from 73% to 78% for chinook salmon. Close

• 98. [Article] Work Completed for Compliance with the Biological Opinion for Hatchery Programs in the Willamette Basin USACE funding: 2004 Annual Report

  Abstract -- The National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) has listed spring chinook salmon(Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) and winter steelhead (O. mykiss) in the Upper Willamette River Evolutionarily Significant ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Work Completed for Compliance with the Biological Opinion for Hatchery Programs in the Willamette Basin USACE funding: 2004 Annual Report Abstract -- The National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) has listed spring chinook salmon(Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) and winter steelhead (O. mykiss) in the Upper Willamette River Evolutionarily Significant Unit (ESU) as threatened under the Endangered Species Act (ESA; 64 FRN 14308; 64 FRN 14517). Concomitant with this listing, any actions taken or funded by a federal agency must be evaluated to assess whether these actions are likely to jeopardize the continued existence of threatened and endangered species, or result in the destruction or impairment of critical habitat. Several fish hatcheries operate within the ESU and may impact wild populations of listed species. Although all of the artificial propagation programs that potentially affect listed salmonids in the Upper Willamette River ESUs are operated by the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife(ODFW), 90% of the funding for these operations comes from the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (COE). Possible risks of artificial propagation programs have been well documented. Hazards include disease transfer, competition for food and spawning sites, increased predation,increased incidental mortality from harvest, loss of genetic variability, genetic drift, and domestication (Steward and Bjornn 1990; Hard et al. 1992; Cuenco et al. 1993; Busack and Currens 1995; NRC 1996; and Waples 1999). Hatcheries can also play a positive role for wild salmonids by bolstering populations, especially those on the verge of extirpation, providing a genetic reserve in the case of extirpation, and providing opportunities for nutrient enrichment of streams (Steward and Bjornn 1990; Cuenco et al. 1993). The objective of this project is to evaluate the potential effects of hatchery programs on naturally spawning populations of spring chinook and winter steelhead within the Upper Willamette River ESU. The project employs four types of activities to achieve this goal: sampling of returns to hatcheries, creels to assess fisheries, monitoring of adult and juvenile migration through the use of traps and video observations, and monitoring natural production through spawning ground surveys. Title: Work Completed for Compliance with the Biological Opinion for Hatchery Programs in the Willamette Basin USACE funding: 2004 Annual Report Abstract -- The National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) has listed spring chinook salmon(Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) and winter steelhead (O. mykiss) in the Upper Willamette River Evolutionarily Significant Unit (ESU) as threatened under the Endangered Species Act (ESA; 64 FRN 14308; 64 FRN 14517). Concomitant with this listing, any actions taken or funded by a federal agency must be evaluated to assess whether these actions are likely to jeopardize the continued existence of threatened and endangered species, or result in the destruction or impairment of critical habitat. Several fish hatcheries operate within the ESU and may impact wild populations of listed species. Although all of the artificial propagation programs that potentially affect listed salmonids in the Upper Willamette River ESUs are operated by the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife(ODFW), 90% of the funding for these operations comes from the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (COE). Possible risks of artificial propagation programs have been well documented. Hazards include disease transfer, competition for food and spawning sites, increased predation,increased incidental mortality from harvest, loss of genetic variability, genetic drift, and domestication (Steward and Bjornn 1990; Hard et al. 1992; Cuenco et al. 1993; Busack and Currens 1995; NRC 1996; and Waples 1999). Hatcheries can also play a positive role for wild salmonids by bolstering populations, especially those on the verge of extirpation, providing a genetic reserve in the case of extirpation, and providing opportunities for nutrient enrichment of streams (Steward and Bjornn 1990; Cuenco et al. 1993). The objective of this project is to evaluate the potential effects of hatchery programs on naturally spawning populations of spring chinook and winter steelhead within the Upper Willamette River ESU. The project employs four types of activities to achieve this goal: sampling of returns to hatcheries, creels to assess fisheries, monitoring of adult and juvenile migration through the use of traps and video observations, and monitoring natural production through spawning ground surveys. Close

• 99. [Article] Oregon South Coast Estuaries: Hunter Creek, Pistol River, Chetco River, & Winchuck River Tidal Wetlands Assessment (2012-2015)

  Abstract -- Although tidal wetlands on the Oregon South Coast are limited in extent, they may be particularly valuable for a variety of wetland functions. This assessment combines the Brophy (2007) and ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Oregon South Coast Estuaries: Hunter Creek, Pistol River, Chetco River, & Winchuck River Tidal Wetlands Assessment (2012-2015) Abstract -- Although tidal wetlands on the Oregon South Coast are limited in extent, they may be particularly valuable for a variety of wetland functions. This assessment combines the Brophy (2007) and Adamus (2005) approaches to quantify the extent and causes of habitat loss and hydrogeomorphic changes in tidal wetlands of four Oregon South Coast Estuaries. The potential for restoring critical habitat and wetland functions is ranked using Ecological Prioritization Criteria (Brophy, 2007), while indicators of function, risk, and integrity are evaluated using scoring models from the Adamus (2005) Hydrogeomorphic (HGM) Rapid Assessment Method. The extent of inundation (head of tide) during King Tide conditions was observed and documented by staff and volunteers. Field measurements of salinity concentrations and stratification during high and low flow were tabulated. The historic aerial photo record was examined to detect channel migration, floodplain re-vegetation, and human-caused alterations. Related studies were combined with these observations to provide a summary of estuary hydrology, sedimentation, and channel stability related to wetland establishment and loss in each of the four estuaries. Ecological priority scores (Brophy, 2007) varied with wetland size, tidal channel condition, connectivity, and diversity of vegetation classes. Wetlands were categorized as restoration or conservation types, and priority ranks for wetlands were depicted on orthophoto base maps. Tidal wetlands and nearby floodplain wetlands in a variety of geomorphic settings were surveyed using the HGM protocol, including one “reference” and one restoration site . The HGM survey scores 55 indicators, including botanical transects, used to rank wetland functions (calculated by indicator scoring models). Risks to wetlands include human disturbances in close proximity to the wetlands and floodplains, resulting from the narrow valley floors in this tectonically active region. Wetland integrity is threatened by a surprising large proportion of non-native species in the botanical transects, 40%. Wetland indicators that scored low, and could be restored or enhanced, are discussed in a restoration considerations narrative. Wetland descriptions include lists of plant species, grouped by wetland status, native/non-native, and perennial/annual persistence. In addition to the HGM scores, an analysis of cover and diversity of all plant species in plots, off-transect species diversity, and waterfowl food distribution was completed using a wetland vegetation database developed for the Oregon South Coast. Title: Oregon South Coast Estuaries: Hunter Creek, Pistol River, Chetco River, & Winchuck River Tidal Wetlands Assessment (2012-2015) Abstract -- Although tidal wetlands on the Oregon South Coast are limited in extent, they may be particularly valuable for a variety of wetland functions. This assessment combines the Brophy (2007) and Adamus (2005) approaches to quantify the extent and causes of habitat loss and hydrogeomorphic changes in tidal wetlands of four Oregon South Coast Estuaries. The potential for restoring critical habitat and wetland functions is ranked using Ecological Prioritization Criteria (Brophy, 2007), while indicators of function, risk, and integrity are evaluated using scoring models from the Adamus (2005) Hydrogeomorphic (HGM) Rapid Assessment Method. The extent of inundation (head of tide) during King Tide conditions was observed and documented by staff and volunteers. Field measurements of salinity concentrations and stratification during high and low flow were tabulated. The historic aerial photo record was examined to detect channel migration, floodplain re-vegetation, and human-caused alterations. Related studies were combined with these observations to provide a summary of estuary hydrology, sedimentation, and channel stability related to wetland establishment and loss in each of the four estuaries. Ecological priority scores (Brophy, 2007) varied with wetland size, tidal channel condition, connectivity, and diversity of vegetation classes. Wetlands were categorized as restoration or conservation types, and priority ranks for wetlands were depicted on orthophoto base maps. Tidal wetlands and nearby floodplain wetlands in a variety of geomorphic settings were surveyed using the HGM protocol, including one “reference” and one restoration site . The HGM survey scores 55 indicators, including botanical transects, used to rank wetland functions (calculated by indicator scoring models). Risks to wetlands include human disturbances in close proximity to the wetlands and floodplains, resulting from the narrow valley floors in this tectonically active region. Wetland integrity is threatened by a surprising large proportion of non-native species in the botanical transects, 40%. Wetland indicators that scored low, and could be restored or enhanced, are discussed in a restoration considerations narrative. Wetland descriptions include lists of plant species, grouped by wetland status, native/non-native, and perennial/annual persistence. In addition to the HGM scores, an analysis of cover and diversity of all plant species in plots, off-transect species diversity, and waterfowl food distribution was completed using a wetland vegetation database developed for the Oregon South Coast. Close

• 100. [Article] Willamette Biological Opinion Chinook Reservoir Research 2011

  Abstract -- We investigated several life-history characteristics of juvenile Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) rearing in Detroit, Cougar and Lookout Point reservoirs to aid in the development ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Willamette Biological Opinion Chinook Reservoir Research 2011 Abstract -- We investigated several life-history characteristics of juvenile Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) rearing in Detroit, Cougar and Lookout Point reservoirs to aid in the development of downstream passage options for Willamette Valley Project dams. The study objectives were to provide information on the longitudinal and vertical distribution of juvenile Chinook rearing in reservoirs, relative growth rate, predator/prey interactions, and other population characteristics such as parasitic copepod infection rates. In addition, we tested the feasibility of various gear types and techniques for sampling juvenile Chinook salmon rearing in the nearshore reservoir environment. Information on the smoltification dynamics of juveniles in reservoirs was also collected and will be presented in a separate report when analysis is complete. Title: Willamette Biological Opinion Chinook Reservoir Research 2011 Abstract -- We investigated several life-history characteristics of juvenile Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) rearing in Detroit, Cougar and Lookout Point reservoirs to aid in the development of downstream passage options for Willamette Valley Project dams. The study objectives were to provide information on the longitudinal and vertical distribution of juvenile Chinook rearing in reservoirs, relative growth rate, predator/prey interactions, and other population characteristics such as parasitic copepod infection rates. In addition, we tested the feasibility of various gear types and techniques for sampling juvenile Chinook salmon rearing in the nearshore reservoir environment. Information on the smoltification dynamics of juveniles in reservoirs was also collected and will be presented in a separate report when analysis is complete. Close