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• 11. [Article] Willamette BiOp - Evaluation of the Trap and Transport of Adult Steelhead Above USACE Project Dams in the Upper Willamette Basin

  Abstract -- Wild, winter-run steelhead are trapped and transported above US Army Corps dams in the Willamette River basin in an effort to reintroduce these fish into historical habitats as part of federal ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Willamette BiOp - Evaluation of the Trap and Transport of Adult Steelhead Above USACE Project Dams in the Upper Willamette Basin Abstract -- Wild, winter-run steelhead are trapped and transported above US Army Corps dams in the Willamette River basin in an effort to reintroduce these fish into historical habitats as part of federal mitigation obligations. The goal of this project was to provide information on spawning distribution of winter steelhead above and below Foster Dam considering the influence of upstream fish passage and outplanting procedures. Data were collected by conducting spawning ground surveys throughout the South Santiam subbasin using a spatially-balanced design during the 2015/2016 and 2016/2017 spawning seasons. During the 2016/2017 season additional surveys were conducted explicitly to determine the amount of overlap between winter-run and non-native, hatchery summer-run steelhead on the spawning grounds. Generally, both summer- and winter-run steelhead spawned in the upper reaches of streams and near Foster Dam. There was a six-week separation between the end of summer-run spawning and the onset of winter-run spawning. Outplanting methods for both runs have been consistent since at least 2006 and we found no evidence of negative impacts of the program on prespawn mortality. The spatiallybalanced survey design resulted in a threefold increase in miles surveyed compared to traditional index surveys and provided information regarding the distribution of spawning activity in the South Santiam subbasin that was lacking. The South Santiam River does not have any fish counting stations and, other than fish volitionally entering the trap at Foster Dam, there is no way to know how many fish enter the subbasin. Continued spawning ground surveys, a video monitoring system at Lebanon Dam, or both are needed to monitor these ESA-listed fish in the subbasin and evaluate the possible negative effects of the hatchery program and outplanting procedures. Title: Willamette BiOp - Evaluation of the Trap and Transport of Adult Steelhead Above USACE Project Dams in the Upper Willamette Basin Abstract -- Wild, winter-run steelhead are trapped and transported above US Army Corps dams in the Willamette River basin in an effort to reintroduce these fish into historical habitats as part of federal mitigation obligations. The goal of this project was to provide information on spawning distribution of winter steelhead above and below Foster Dam considering the influence of upstream fish passage and outplanting procedures. Data were collected by conducting spawning ground surveys throughout the South Santiam subbasin using a spatially-balanced design during the 2015/2016 and 2016/2017 spawning seasons. During the 2016/2017 season additional surveys were conducted explicitly to determine the amount of overlap between winter-run and non-native, hatchery summer-run steelhead on the spawning grounds. Generally, both summer- and winter-run steelhead spawned in the upper reaches of streams and near Foster Dam. There was a six-week separation between the end of summer-run spawning and the onset of winter-run spawning. Outplanting methods for both runs have been consistent since at least 2006 and we found no evidence of negative impacts of the program on prespawn mortality. The spatiallybalanced survey design resulted in a threefold increase in miles surveyed compared to traditional index surveys and provided information regarding the distribution of spawning activity in the South Santiam subbasin that was lacking. The South Santiam River does not have any fish counting stations and, other than fish volitionally entering the trap at Foster Dam, there is no way to know how many fish enter the subbasin. Continued spawning ground surveys, a video monitoring system at Lebanon Dam, or both are needed to monitor these ESA-listed fish in the subbasin and evaluate the possible negative effects of the hatchery program and outplanting procedures. Close

• 12. [Article] Information Report 2018-04, Smolt Abundance Estimates for the Oregon Coast Coho Evolutionarily Significant Unit

  Abstract -- Analysis of Coho Salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) smolt abundance can provide insight on freshwater habitat capacity and factors affecting salmonid persistence. To explore these relationships ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Information Report 2018-04, Smolt Abundance Estimates for the Oregon Coast Coho Evolutionarily Significant Unit Abstract -- Analysis of Coho Salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) smolt abundance can provide insight on freshwater habitat capacity and factors affecting salmonid persistence. To explore these relationships we linked multi-year data sets of overwinter survival rates from three streams within the Oregon Coast Coho Evolutionarily Significant Unit (OCC) to summer parr abundance estimates from calibrated OCC-wide snorkel survey counts to estimate annual Coho Salmon smolt abundance from 2000-2017. Smolt abundance estimates ranged from a low of 0.9 million in 2000 to a high of 4.1 million in 2013 within the OCC. Accuracy of the smolt abundance estimates was tested using two datasets: (i) adult abundance modeled from the corresponding smolt abundance estimate was compared with adult abundance derived empirically from spawning ground surveys and (ii) our smolt abundance estimates were compared with smolt abundance estimates from trapping efforts in select basins within the OCC. Adult abundance modeled from smolt abundance estimates was highly correlated with adult abundance from spawning ground surveys (r = 0.88, p < 0.001) and smolt abundance estimates correlated with abundance from smolt trapping efforts (r = 0.81, p <0.001). Graphical relationships between smolt abundance and parental abundance suggest that freshwater productivity may be limited in the OCC by density dependent processes at spawner levels observed since 1998. Additionally, smolt abundance estimates have potential use as a variable in adult forecast models and could be used to assess trends in freshwater productivity and to probe factors of density dependence. Title: Information Report 2018-04, Smolt Abundance Estimates for the Oregon Coast Coho Evolutionarily Significant Unit Abstract -- Analysis of Coho Salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) smolt abundance can provide insight on freshwater habitat capacity and factors affecting salmonid persistence. To explore these relationships we linked multi-year data sets of overwinter survival rates from three streams within the Oregon Coast Coho Evolutionarily Significant Unit (OCC) to summer parr abundance estimates from calibrated OCC-wide snorkel survey counts to estimate annual Coho Salmon smolt abundance from 2000-2017. Smolt abundance estimates ranged from a low of 0.9 million in 2000 to a high of 4.1 million in 2013 within the OCC. Accuracy of the smolt abundance estimates was tested using two datasets: (i) adult abundance modeled from the corresponding smolt abundance estimate was compared with adult abundance derived empirically from spawning ground surveys and (ii) our smolt abundance estimates were compared with smolt abundance estimates from trapping efforts in select basins within the OCC. Adult abundance modeled from smolt abundance estimates was highly correlated with adult abundance from spawning ground surveys (r = 0.88, p < 0.001) and smolt abundance estimates correlated with abundance from smolt trapping efforts (r = 0.81, p <0.001). Graphical relationships between smolt abundance and parental abundance suggest that freshwater productivity may be limited in the OCC by density dependent processes at spawner levels observed since 1998. Additionally, smolt abundance estimates have potential use as a variable in adult forecast models and could be used to assess trends in freshwater productivity and to probe factors of density dependence. Close

• 13. [Article] Development of Methods to Estimate Spawning Escapement of Spring Chinook in the John Day, Grande Ronde and Imnaha River Basins of Northeast Oregon; 1989 Summary Report

  Abstract -- The Confederated Tribes of the umatilla Indian Reservation (CTUIR), in conjunction with the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife (ODFW) , and Nez Perce Tribe (NPT), conducted comprehensive spawning ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Development of Methods to Estimate Spawning Escapement of Spring Chinook in the John Day, Grande Ronde and Imnaha River Basins of Northeast Oregon; 1989 Summary Report Abstract -- The Confederated Tribes of the umatilla Indian Reservation (CTUIR), in conjunction with the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife (ODFW) , and Nez Perce Tribe (NPT), conducted comprehensive spawning ground surveys for spring chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) in the John Day, Grande Ronde, and Imnaha River basins in 1989. These surveys represent the fourth year of the US/Canada Pacific Salmon Treaty Monitoring Program implemented in 1986 by tribal, state and federal fishery agencies. The Pacific Salmon Treaty directs fishery management entities to conserve and rebuild chinook salmon stocks originating from the Columbia River Basin by appropriate ocean and in-river harvest controls. In order to monitor the success of the Pacific Salmon Treaty, annual spawner escapement of chinook salmon "indicator" stocks must be determined. The spring chinook salmon stocks of the John Day, Grande Ronde, and Imnaha River basins have been identified as potential indicator stocks for monitoring. These drainages were selected because of the unique wild salmon chinook stock in John Day River and wild stock component of spring chinook runs in the Grande Ronde and Imnaha Rivers. In addition, base line data have been established because ODFW has conducted spring chinook salmon spawning ground surveys in these basins since 1960. The comprehensive and multiple index surveys completed in 1989 were developed to collect information which could provide an estimate of spawner escapement and be comparable to historic redd survey data. In addition to spawning ground surveys, a new method was implemented to estimate spawning escapement. In 1989, snorkel and foot surveys were conducted in the Middle Fork John Day River to enumerate spring chinook salmon holding prior to spawning. The Middle Fork of John Day River was selected as the study site because 1) the holding and spawning area is only 30 miles long (the entire 30 miles could be sampled within one week) 2) the 30 mile section has good access by road and 3) the 30 mile section is generally narrow and shallow. Snorkeling and foot surveys were chosen as the method because 1) there are no weirs on the John Day River to count fish 2) snorkeling is a low-impact method and 3) other studies have shown snorkeling to be both time and cost effective with good success for estimating fish population size (Northcote and Wilkie (1963); Zubik and Frayley (1988)). Title: Development of Methods to Estimate Spawning Escapement of Spring Chinook in the John Day, Grande Ronde and Imnaha River Basins of Northeast Oregon; 1989 Summary Report Abstract -- The Confederated Tribes of the umatilla Indian Reservation (CTUIR), in conjunction with the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife (ODFW) , and Nez Perce Tribe (NPT), conducted comprehensive spawning ground surveys for spring chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) in the John Day, Grande Ronde, and Imnaha River basins in 1989. These surveys represent the fourth year of the US/Canada Pacific Salmon Treaty Monitoring Program implemented in 1986 by tribal, state and federal fishery agencies. The Pacific Salmon Treaty directs fishery management entities to conserve and rebuild chinook salmon stocks originating from the Columbia River Basin by appropriate ocean and in-river harvest controls. In order to monitor the success of the Pacific Salmon Treaty, annual spawner escapement of chinook salmon "indicator" stocks must be determined. The spring chinook salmon stocks of the John Day, Grande Ronde, and Imnaha River basins have been identified as potential indicator stocks for monitoring. These drainages were selected because of the unique wild salmon chinook stock in John Day River and wild stock component of spring chinook runs in the Grande Ronde and Imnaha Rivers. In addition, base line data have been established because ODFW has conducted spring chinook salmon spawning ground surveys in these basins since 1960. The comprehensive and multiple index surveys completed in 1989 were developed to collect information which could provide an estimate of spawner escapement and be comparable to historic redd survey data. In addition to spawning ground surveys, a new method was implemented to estimate spawning escapement. In 1989, snorkel and foot surveys were conducted in the Middle Fork John Day River to enumerate spring chinook salmon holding prior to spawning. The Middle Fork of John Day River was selected as the study site because 1) the holding and spawning area is only 30 miles long (the entire 30 miles could be sampled within one week) 2) the 30 mile section has good access by road and 3) the 30 mile section is generally narrow and shallow. Snorkeling and foot surveys were chosen as the method because 1) there are no weirs on the John Day River to count fish 2) snorkeling is a low-impact method and 3) other studies have shown snorkeling to be both time and cost effective with good success for estimating fish population size (Northcote and Wilkie (1963); Zubik and Frayley (1988)). Close

• 14. [Article] Survey of the Waters of South Umpqua Ranger District, Umpqua National Forest, 1937

  Abstract -- The objectives of the present survey of the upper waters of the South Fork of the Umpqua River were to: (1) develop practical and scientifically sound stocking policies; (2) determine the need ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Survey of the Waters of South Umpqua Ranger District, Umpqua National Forest, 1937 Abstract -- The objectives of the present survey of the upper waters of the South Fork of the Umpqua River were to: (1) develop practical and scientifically sound stocking policies; (2) determine the need for stream and lake improvements; and (3) obtain facts to assist in the settlement of the controversy with regard to the South Umpqua Falls. There has been continual demand by sportsmen that the South Umpqua Falls be supplied with fish ladders to permit safe ascent of sea-run species to spawning grounds above the falls. Study of this problem was undertaken as a definite part of the survey work described herein. The stream run and lake survey work was initiated by the Forest Service in cooperation with the U.S. Bureau of Fisheries during the summer of 1937. Emphasis was placed on the detailed studies relating to the physical and biological factors upon which it would be possible to recommend adequate stocking policies. No study of chemical conditions whatsoever was made for two reasons, first, lack of equipment prevented making gas analyses and, second, such studies seemed unnecessary by reason of the fact that there is no pollution present in the streams surveyed and all of them are well aerated, clean, rapid flowing mountain streams. Chemical conditions as shown by general observations were quite suitable and it is only whore natural or artificial pollutants occur in great abundance that chemical analyses would aid in determining tho basic effects of some of those fishes and their food organisms present in streams. Title: Survey of the Waters of South Umpqua Ranger District, Umpqua National Forest, 1937 Abstract -- The objectives of the present survey of the upper waters of the South Fork of the Umpqua River were to: (1) develop practical and scientifically sound stocking policies; (2) determine the need for stream and lake improvements; and (3) obtain facts to assist in the settlement of the controversy with regard to the South Umpqua Falls. There has been continual demand by sportsmen that the South Umpqua Falls be supplied with fish ladders to permit safe ascent of sea-run species to spawning grounds above the falls. Study of this problem was undertaken as a definite part of the survey work described herein. The stream run and lake survey work was initiated by the Forest Service in cooperation with the U.S. Bureau of Fisheries during the summer of 1937. Emphasis was placed on the detailed studies relating to the physical and biological factors upon which it would be possible to recommend adequate stocking policies. No study of chemical conditions whatsoever was made for two reasons, first, lack of equipment prevented making gas analyses and, second, such studies seemed unnecessary by reason of the fact that there is no pollution present in the streams surveyed and all of them are well aerated, clean, rapid flowing mountain streams. Chemical conditions as shown by general observations were quite suitable and it is only whore natural or artificial pollutants occur in great abundance that chemical analyses would aid in determining tho basic effects of some of those fishes and their food organisms present in streams. Close

• 15. [Article] Willamette Biological Opinion Hatchery Research 2008 Interim Activities Report

  Abstract -- Possible risks of artificial propagation programs have been well documented. Hazards include disease transfer, competition for food and spawning sites, increased predation, increased incidental ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Willamette Biological Opinion Hatchery Research 2008 Interim Activities Report Abstract -- Possible risks of artificial propagation programs have been well documented. Hazards include disease transfer, competition for food and spawning sites, increased predation, increased incidental mortality from harvest, loss of genetic variability, genetic drift, and domestication (Steward and Bjornn 1990; Hard et al. 1992; Cuenco et al. 1993; Busack and Currens 1995; and Waples 1999). Hatcheries can also play a positive role for wild salmonids by bolstering populations, especially those on the verge of extirpation, by providing a genetic reserve as well as providing opportunities for nutrient enrichment of streams (Steward and Bjornn 1990; Cuenco et al. 1993). The objective of this project is to evaluate the potential effects of hatchery programs on naturally spawning populations of spring Chinook within the Upper Willamette River ESU. ODFW submits this report in fulfillment of Task Order NWPOD-08-FH-05 (per Task 3). This report covers activities of July 2008–May 2009 that were implemented by ODFW on behalf of the Corps to assist with meeting the requirements of the reasonable and prudent alternatives and measures prescribed in the Willamette Project Biological Opinion (BiOp) of July 2008 (NOAA 2008). Although a strategy to implement actions identified on the BiOp has not yet been completed, the Corps provided interim funding to continue certain monitoring activities and initiate long-term planning as detailed below: Task 1 (a–f). Monitor straying of hatchery fish on natural spawning grounds in the North Santiam, South Santiam, McKenzie, and Middle Fork Willamette rivers to determine the distribution, abundance and proportion of hatchery and natural-origin fish spawning by: (1) conducting spawning ground surveys downstream of projects and upstream of Detroit and Foster reservoirs; (2) conducting re-surveys to assess variability in redd counts among crews; (3) estimating pre-spawning mortality; (4) estimating the percentage of hatchery-origin spawners using otolith analysis; (5) monitoring fin-clipped and unclipped fish passing Leaburg and upper Bennett dams. Task 2 (a–c). Monitor fin-clipped and unclipped fish entering hatcheries and collection facilities (i.e., record number, origin, length, date of return); determine origin using otolith analysis; collect tissue samples for genetic analysis. Task 4. Work with Corps and/or contractors to develop coordinated monitoring plan for Corps-funded hatchery programs based on requirements in the 2008 BiOp. Title: Willamette Biological Opinion Hatchery Research 2008 Interim Activities Report Abstract -- Possible risks of artificial propagation programs have been well documented. Hazards include disease transfer, competition for food and spawning sites, increased predation, increased incidental mortality from harvest, loss of genetic variability, genetic drift, and domestication (Steward and Bjornn 1990; Hard et al. 1992; Cuenco et al. 1993; Busack and Currens 1995; and Waples 1999). Hatcheries can also play a positive role for wild salmonids by bolstering populations, especially those on the verge of extirpation, by providing a genetic reserve as well as providing opportunities for nutrient enrichment of streams (Steward and Bjornn 1990; Cuenco et al. 1993). The objective of this project is to evaluate the potential effects of hatchery programs on naturally spawning populations of spring Chinook within the Upper Willamette River ESU. ODFW submits this report in fulfillment of Task Order NWPOD-08-FH-05 (per Task 3). This report covers activities of July 2008–May 2009 that were implemented by ODFW on behalf of the Corps to assist with meeting the requirements of the reasonable and prudent alternatives and measures prescribed in the Willamette Project Biological Opinion (BiOp) of July 2008 (NOAA 2008). Although a strategy to implement actions identified on the BiOp has not yet been completed, the Corps provided interim funding to continue certain monitoring activities and initiate long-term planning as detailed below: Task 1 (a–f). Monitor straying of hatchery fish on natural spawning grounds in the North Santiam, South Santiam, McKenzie, and Middle Fork Willamette rivers to determine the distribution, abundance and proportion of hatchery and natural-origin fish spawning by: (1) conducting spawning ground surveys downstream of projects and upstream of Detroit and Foster reservoirs; (2) conducting re-surveys to assess variability in redd counts among crews; (3) estimating pre-spawning mortality; (4) estimating the percentage of hatchery-origin spawners using otolith analysis; (5) monitoring fin-clipped and unclipped fish passing Leaburg and upper Bennett dams. Task 2 (a–c). Monitor fin-clipped and unclipped fish entering hatcheries and collection facilities (i.e., record number, origin, length, date of return); determine origin using otolith analysis; collect tissue samples for genetic analysis. Task 4. Work with Corps and/or contractors to develop coordinated monitoring plan for Corps-funded hatchery programs based on requirements in the 2008 BiOp. Close

• 16. [Article] Prevalence of Bacterial Kidney Disease in Natural vs. Hatchery-Reared Adult Chinook Salmon Spawned in a Hatchery and in Nature Information Reports number 2009-06

  Abstract -- Bacterial kidney disease (BKD) is a major health problem of cultured Pacific salmon, Oncorhynchus sp. It has been particularly problematic in captive broodstock programs, where the interests ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Prevalence of Bacterial Kidney Disease in Natural vs. Hatchery-Reared Adult Chinook Salmon Spawned in a Hatchery and in Nature Information Reports number 2009-06 Abstract -- Bacterial kidney disease (BKD) is a major health problem of cultured Pacific salmon, Oncorhynchus sp. It has been particularly problematic in captive broodstock programs, where the interests of gene conservation and fish health can conflict when spawning females with signs of BKD. Not rearing those fish reduces the genetic diversity of an already depleted population, while rearing those fish may increase the prevalence of BKD in the natural population. We used data collected during spawning at Lookingglass Fish hatchery and on spawning ground surveys to examine the prevalence of BKD, based on enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay optical density (ELISA OD) values, to monitor the prevalence of BKD in natural and hatchery-reared Chinook salmon O. tshawytscha from Grande Ronde and Imnaha basin streams in northeast Oregon. Mean ELISA OD levels differed among all sampled streams from 2004-2008 and was lowest in the Imnaha River salmon (0.0839) and highest in the Minam River (0.1750). Salmon spawned at LFH had a lower mean ELISA OD level (0.086) than those collected from carcasses on spawning ground surveys (0.118). Natural salmon mean ELISA OD level was 0.1058 and 97% were from salmon with ELISA OD level <0.2 and in hatchery salmon, 96% had an ELISA OD level <0.2 and mean ELISA OD level was 0.1138, with no difference between the groups. Over 17 years in the Imnaha River we see no difference in mean ELISA OD levels between natural and hatchery Chinook salmon. There was no difference in mean ELISA OD levels between adult Chinook salmon from wilderness (0.1663) vs. supplemented (0.1184) streams. However, when comparing mean ELISA OD for only natural Chinook salmon carcasses recovered in these streams, we found that mean ELISA OD level was higher in the wilderness streams (0.1676) than in the supplemented streams. Returning adults from the Captive Broodstock F1 generation had a higher mean ELISA OD level (0.1349) than those of Conventional Hatchery Program offspring (0.0957). Annual mean ELISA OD level decreased over time in the Lostine River stock but did not change for any of the other stocks. The data for BKD in Chinook salmon from northeast Oregon streams and hatcheries show that this disease is not prevalent and we found no evidence that the release of hatchery salmon is causing an increase in BKD prevalence in the monitored streams. However, we will continue to monitor this disease. Title: Prevalence of Bacterial Kidney Disease in Natural vs. Hatchery-Reared Adult Chinook Salmon Spawned in a Hatchery and in Nature Information Reports number 2009-06 Abstract -- Bacterial kidney disease (BKD) is a major health problem of cultured Pacific salmon, Oncorhynchus sp. It has been particularly problematic in captive broodstock programs, where the interests of gene conservation and fish health can conflict when spawning females with signs of BKD. Not rearing those fish reduces the genetic diversity of an already depleted population, while rearing those fish may increase the prevalence of BKD in the natural population. We used data collected during spawning at Lookingglass Fish hatchery and on spawning ground surveys to examine the prevalence of BKD, based on enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay optical density (ELISA OD) values, to monitor the prevalence of BKD in natural and hatchery-reared Chinook salmon O. tshawytscha from Grande Ronde and Imnaha basin streams in northeast Oregon. Mean ELISA OD levels differed among all sampled streams from 2004-2008 and was lowest in the Imnaha River salmon (0.0839) and highest in the Minam River (0.1750). Salmon spawned at LFH had a lower mean ELISA OD level (0.086) than those collected from carcasses on spawning ground surveys (0.118). Natural salmon mean ELISA OD level was 0.1058 and 97% were from salmon with ELISA OD level <0.2 and in hatchery salmon, 96% had an ELISA OD level <0.2 and mean ELISA OD level was 0.1138, with no difference between the groups. Over 17 years in the Imnaha River we see no difference in mean ELISA OD levels between natural and hatchery Chinook salmon. There was no difference in mean ELISA OD levels between adult Chinook salmon from wilderness (0.1663) vs. supplemented (0.1184) streams. However, when comparing mean ELISA OD for only natural Chinook salmon carcasses recovered in these streams, we found that mean ELISA OD level was higher in the wilderness streams (0.1676) than in the supplemented streams. Returning adults from the Captive Broodstock F1 generation had a higher mean ELISA OD level (0.1349) than those of Conventional Hatchery Program offspring (0.0957). Annual mean ELISA OD level decreased over time in the Lostine River stock but did not change for any of the other stocks. The data for BKD in Chinook salmon from northeast Oregon streams and hatcheries show that this disease is not prevalent and we found no evidence that the release of hatchery salmon is causing an increase in BKD prevalence in the monitored streams. However, we will continue to monitor this disease. Close

• 17. [Article] Lower Snake River Compensation Plan; Oregon Evaluation Studies - 1995 and 1996 Annual Progress Report

  Abstract -- This report summarizes fish culture monitoring data for Lower Snake River Compensation Plan (LSRCP) facilities for each species. These data should serve as the basis for the analysis of trends ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Lower Snake River Compensation Plan; Oregon Evaluation Studies - 1995 and 1996 Annual Progress Report Abstract -- This report summarizes fish culture monitoring data for Lower Snake River Compensation Plan (LSRCP) facilities for each species. These data should serve as the basis for the analysis of trends in culture performance. Generally speaking, the data in this report were derived from hatchery inventories and standard databases (i.e., PSMFC, Coded-wire tag) or through standard measuring techniques. As such, specific protocols are usually not described. In cases where expansions of data or unique methodologies were used, protocols are described in more detail. Additional descriptions of protocols can be found in the 1995 and 1996 work statements (Carmichael 1995, 1996). Coded-wire tag (CWT) data that were collected from 1995-1996 adult returns is used to evaluate smolt-to-adult survival rates in experimental rearing and release groups. In 1995-1996, experimental treatments from which fish returned included acclimated vs. direct stream for steelhead and size-at-release for both steelhead and Chinook. In 1995-1996, experimental treatments for which fish were released included size-at-release, exercise, acclimation, and low density treatments for Chinook, acclimated vs. direct stream for both steelhead and Chinook, and forced vs. volitional release for steelhead. Analysis of specific survival studies will be completed once all brood years have returned and CWT data are complete for a given experiment. In addition, much of the data that we discuss in this report will be used in separate and specific evaluations of ongoing supplementation programs for both steelhead and Chinook in the Imnaha River basin. Lower Snake River Compensation Plan (LSRCP) ODFW- Eastern Oregon Fish Research (EOFR) Title: Lower Snake River Compensation Plan; Oregon Evaluation Studies - 1995 and 1996 Annual Progress Report Abstract -- This report summarizes fish culture monitoring data for Lower Snake River Compensation Plan (LSRCP) facilities for each species. These data should serve as the basis for the analysis of trends in culture performance. Generally speaking, the data in this report were derived from hatchery inventories and standard databases (i.e., PSMFC, Coded-wire tag) or through standard measuring techniques. As such, specific protocols are usually not described. In cases where expansions of data or unique methodologies were used, protocols are described in more detail. Additional descriptions of protocols can be found in the 1995 and 1996 work statements (Carmichael 1995, 1996). Coded-wire tag (CWT) data that were collected from 1995-1996 adult returns is used to evaluate smolt-to-adult survival rates in experimental rearing and release groups. In 1995-1996, experimental treatments from which fish returned included acclimated vs. direct stream for steelhead and size-at-release for both steelhead and Chinook. In 1995-1996, experimental treatments for which fish were released included size-at-release, exercise, acclimation, and low density treatments for Chinook, acclimated vs. direct stream for both steelhead and Chinook, and forced vs. volitional release for steelhead. Analysis of specific survival studies will be completed once all brood years have returned and CWT data are complete for a given experiment. In addition, much of the data that we discuss in this report will be used in separate and specific evaluations of ongoing supplementation programs for both steelhead and Chinook in the Imnaha River basin. Lower Snake River Compensation Plan (LSRCP) ODFW- Eastern Oregon Fish Research (EOFR) Close

• 18. [Article] A Compendium of Grande Ronde River and Imnaha River Basins Spring Chinook Salmon Spawning Ground Surveys Conducted from 1948 through 2003

  Abstract -- A variety of methods have been used to estimate the number of spring/summer Chinook salmon returning to spawn in Northeast Oregon streams. However, little quantitative information has been ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: A Compendium of Grande Ronde River and Imnaha River Basins Spring Chinook Salmon Spawning Ground Surveys Conducted from 1948 through 2003 Abstract -- A variety of methods have been used to estimate the number of spring/summer Chinook salmon returning to spawn in Northeast Oregon streams. However, little quantitative information has been available to fisheries biologists and studies to quantify total annual escapement have not been conducted. Techniques used to estimate spawning escapement were often not documented (Van Cleave and Ting 1960, Oregon Fish Commission, unpublished data; Smith 1975). While other estimates have formed the basis for compensating losses due to the construction of the lower Snake River dams and setting subbasin supplementation goals, the accuracy of these estimates is unknown (USACE 1975, Carmichael and Boyce 1987, ODFW 1990). As populations continue to decline, accurate historic and current escapement estimates are needed to set management goals for conservation, recovery, supplementation, harvest, and to monitor population health. Spawning populations of spring/summer Chinook salmon have been monitored in Northeast Oregon streams since 1948 by visually counting redds. The Oregon Fish Commission established early surveys and in 1961 the Oregon Game Commission also began surveys. The two agencies were merged into the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife in 1975. In the past, time and budget limitations prevented fishery biologists from surveying entire streams. Redd counts, therefore, were limited to only a portion of the available spawning habitat on each stream termed the “index” area. The index area was chosen as the area most likely to provide a good sample (represent majority of spawning) of spawning escapement for a given stream. Lower Snake River Compensation Plan (LSRCP) ODFW- Eastern Oregon Fish Research (EOFR) Title: A Compendium of Grande Ronde River and Imnaha River Basins Spring Chinook Salmon Spawning Ground Surveys Conducted from 1948 through 2003 Abstract -- A variety of methods have been used to estimate the number of spring/summer Chinook salmon returning to spawn in Northeast Oregon streams. However, little quantitative information has been available to fisheries biologists and studies to quantify total annual escapement have not been conducted. Techniques used to estimate spawning escapement were often not documented (Van Cleave and Ting 1960, Oregon Fish Commission, unpublished data; Smith 1975). While other estimates have formed the basis for compensating losses due to the construction of the lower Snake River dams and setting subbasin supplementation goals, the accuracy of these estimates is unknown (USACE 1975, Carmichael and Boyce 1987, ODFW 1990). As populations continue to decline, accurate historic and current escapement estimates are needed to set management goals for conservation, recovery, supplementation, harvest, and to monitor population health. Spawning populations of spring/summer Chinook salmon have been monitored in Northeast Oregon streams since 1948 by visually counting redds. The Oregon Fish Commission established early surveys and in 1961 the Oregon Game Commission also began surveys. The two agencies were merged into the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife in 1975. In the past, time and budget limitations prevented fishery biologists from surveying entire streams. Redd counts, therefore, were limited to only a portion of the available spawning habitat on each stream termed the “index” area. The index area was chosen as the area most likely to provide a good sample (represent majority of spawning) of spawning escapement for a given stream. Lower Snake River Compensation Plan (LSRCP) ODFW- Eastern Oregon Fish Research (EOFR) Close

• 19. [Article] Fish Research Project Oregon; John Day Basin Chinook Salmon Escapement and Productivity Monitoring - Annual Progress Report 2002

  Abstract -- Spring (stream-type) chinook spawning ground surveys were conducted in four main spawning areas (Mainstem, Middle Fork, North Fork, and Granite Creek System) and three minor spawning areas ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Fish Research Project Oregon; John Day Basin Chinook Salmon Escapement and Productivity Monitoring - Annual Progress Report 2002 Abstract -- Spring (stream-type) chinook spawning ground surveys were conducted in four main spawning areas (Mainstem, Middle Fork, North Fork, and Granite Creek System) and three minor spawning areas (South Fork, Camas Creek, Desolation Creek) of the John Day River during September 2001. Included in these surveys were 254.3 river kilometers (rkm; 87.6 rkm index, 91.9 rkm extensive, and 74.8 rkm exploratory) of spawning habitat. Chinook smolts were captured by beach seining while wading and with the aid of a jet boat in the Mainstem John Day River between river kilometers (rkm) 274 and 296 from February 21 to May 15, 2002. Riffles, eddies and river margins were sampled with a seine constructed of 12.7 mm mesh netting that measured 30.5 m long by 2.4 m deep with a 1.2 m x 1.2 m bag constructed of 9.5 mm mesh netting in the middle. Our sampling strategy did not include the use of standard seining sites. Instead, locations for sampling within our river kilometer reaches varied on a daily basis depending on daily discharge and success during previous sampling days. Appendix Table C-1 lists our sampling sites. ODFW, Eastern Oregon Fish Research (EOFR) Title: Fish Research Project Oregon; John Day Basin Chinook Salmon Escapement and Productivity Monitoring - Annual Progress Report 2002 Abstract -- Spring (stream-type) chinook spawning ground surveys were conducted in four main spawning areas (Mainstem, Middle Fork, North Fork, and Granite Creek System) and three minor spawning areas (South Fork, Camas Creek, Desolation Creek) of the John Day River during September 2001. Included in these surveys were 254.3 river kilometers (rkm; 87.6 rkm index, 91.9 rkm extensive, and 74.8 rkm exploratory) of spawning habitat. Chinook smolts were captured by beach seining while wading and with the aid of a jet boat in the Mainstem John Day River between river kilometers (rkm) 274 and 296 from February 21 to May 15, 2002. Riffles, eddies and river margins were sampled with a seine constructed of 12.7 mm mesh netting that measured 30.5 m long by 2.4 m deep with a 1.2 m x 1.2 m bag constructed of 9.5 mm mesh netting in the middle. Our sampling strategy did not include the use of standard seining sites. Instead, locations for sampling within our river kilometer reaches varied on a daily basis depending on daily discharge and success during previous sampling days. Appendix Table C-1 lists our sampling sites. ODFW, Eastern Oregon Fish Research (EOFR) Close

• 20. [Article] Willamette Biological Opinion Hatchery Research 2002-03 Addendum

  Abstract -- This report is an addendum to the report on activities in 2002 that was generated in December of that year. This report also presents results of spawning surveys and stomach content analysis ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Willamette Biological Opinion Hatchery Research 2002-03 Addendum Abstract -- This report is an addendum to the report on activities in 2002 that was generated in December of that year. This report also presents results of spawning surveys and stomach content analysis that were completed in 2003. A complete report for the 2003 survey season will be prepared after the seasons trapping and angler surveys have ended. Title: Willamette Biological Opinion Hatchery Research 2002-03 Addendum Abstract -- This report is an addendum to the report on activities in 2002 that was generated in December of that year. This report also presents results of spawning surveys and stomach content analysis that were completed in 2003. A complete report for the 2003 survey season will be prepared after the seasons trapping and angler surveys have ended. Close