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• 161. [Article] Factors that Influence Evolutionary Significant Unit Boundaries and Status Assessment in a Highly Polymorphic Species, Oncorhynchus mykiss, in the Columbia Basin

  Abstract -- The species Oncorhynchus mykiss expresses a complex array of life histories across much of its range as well as considerable geographic variation. Several subspecies have been proposed (Behnke ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Factors that Influence Evolutionary Significant Unit Boundaries and Status Assessment in a Highly Polymorphic Species, Oncorhynchus mykiss, in the Columbia Basin Abstract -- The species Oncorhynchus mykiss expresses a complex array of life histories across much of its range as well as considerable geographic variation. Several subspecies have been proposed (Behnke 1992), although none of them are formally recognized. Two of the proposed subspecies in North America include both trout and steelhead life histories: O.m. irideus, or Coastal rainbow/steelhead, and O.m. gairdneri, or Inland redband/steelhead. A third subspecies that includes an anadromous life history occurs in Asia, while all other North American subspecies are entirely trout. In the Pacific Northwest, the boundary between the coastal and inland subspecies occurs in the Columbia Gorge, where the Columbia River cuts through the Cascade Mountain Range. The steelhead and trout life histories within these two subspecies are genetically more similar to each other than to fish with the same life history in the other subspecies, indicating that the different life histories within a geographic area share an evolutionary origin (Allendorf 1975). Recent molecular systematic surveys suggest that this proposed taxonomic model of North American 0. mykiss subspecies may be over simplified and inaccurate (Currens 1997, Busby et al. 1996, F. Utter, U. of Washington); however, it remains the available model until final revisions to the taxonomy are adopted. The NOAA Fisheries Service (NMFS) further divided 0. mykiss into multiple "Evolutionarily Significant Units" (ESUs)(Waples 1991, 56 FR 58612, Waples 1995) for listing consideration under the federal Endangered Species Act (ESA). The ESA considers "distinct" populations of taxonmnic species to be "species" eligible for legal protection (16 U.S.C. 1532[161). NMFS adopted the concept of ESUs to serve as distinct population segments in their ESA listing decisions, along with specific criteria for defining them. Evidence for whether or not rainbow trout and steelhead are in the same ESUs is presented in this report according to the criteria provided by NMFS policy (56 FR 58612). The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) likewise recognizes "Distinct Population Segments" (DPSs) that may be listed under ESA. The agencies share jurisdiction over 0. mykiss for ESA decisions, with NMFS overseeing the anadromous steelhead and USFWS overseeing the freshwater trout. NMFS has described ESUs for all Northwest steelhead, whether they have been listed or not (Busby et al. 1996); however, the USFWS has not generally described DPSs for Northwest 0. mykiss trout. During the original coast-wide status review of steelhead conducted in the 1990s, the NMFS Biological Review Team concluded that, in general, 0. mykiss trout are part of steelhead ESUs in cases where the two forms are sympatric and have an opportunity to interbreed (Busby et al. 1996). The review team was less conclusive about whether trout above artificial barriers were part of the ESUs. Trout that are sympatric with steelhead were also included in the ESUs by NMFS in the final listing determinations, but they were not listed. The steelhead in five of the ESUs in the Pacific Northwest were listed, including the Lower Columbia (63 FR 13347), Willamette, Mid-Columbia (64 FR 14517), Upper Columbia and Snake ESUs (62 FR 43937), all of which are in the Columbia Basin. As a result of two recent court cases NMFS is now reexamming the biological relationship between trout and steelhead populations in the ESUs where steelhead are listed and is reassessing the extinction risk of the whole ESUs from the perspective of both life histories. First, the Hogan decision in Oregon concluded that the Services may describe distinct population segments for ESA listing, but once ESUs or DPSs are described, the Services cannot list only part of one of one of them (Alsea Valley Alliance v. Evans [161 F.Supp. 2d 1154, D. Oreg. 2001]). So if NMFS finds trout to be part of an ESU along with steelhead, the Service cannot assess the extinction risk of only the steelhead in the ESU or list only the steelhead. Second, lawsuits in California about non­anadromous 0. mykiss upstream of man-made barriers (mostly impassible dams) made a similar argument, stating that such populations are related to the steelhead populations below the barriers and should be included in the ESUs and listed (EDC v. Evans, SACV- 00-1212-AHS (EEA), United States District Court, C.D. California). The purpose of this report is to provide more detailed information about trout and steelhead in the Columbia Basin listed ESUs. This report will address two major issues. The first section provides information that will be used to review whether trout and steelhead populations are biologically part the same ESUs, as defined by NMFS criteria. The second section provides information that will be used to review the extinction risks of entire ESUs if trout are considered along with steelhead. A similar, separate report is being prepared for California ESUs where steelhead are listed. Title: Factors that Influence Evolutionary Significant Unit Boundaries and Status Assessment in a Highly Polymorphic Species, Oncorhynchus mykiss, in the Columbia Basin Abstract -- The species Oncorhynchus mykiss expresses a complex array of life histories across much of its range as well as considerable geographic variation. Several subspecies have been proposed (Behnke 1992), although none of them are formally recognized. Two of the proposed subspecies in North America include both trout and steelhead life histories: O.m. irideus, or Coastal rainbow/steelhead, and O.m. gairdneri, or Inland redband/steelhead. A third subspecies that includes an anadromous life history occurs in Asia, while all other North American subspecies are entirely trout. In the Pacific Northwest, the boundary between the coastal and inland subspecies occurs in the Columbia Gorge, where the Columbia River cuts through the Cascade Mountain Range. The steelhead and trout life histories within these two subspecies are genetically more similar to each other than to fish with the same life history in the other subspecies, indicating that the different life histories within a geographic area share an evolutionary origin (Allendorf 1975). Recent molecular systematic surveys suggest that this proposed taxonomic model of North American 0. mykiss subspecies may be over simplified and inaccurate (Currens 1997, Busby et al. 1996, F. Utter, U. of Washington); however, it remains the available model until final revisions to the taxonomy are adopted. The NOAA Fisheries Service (NMFS) further divided 0. mykiss into multiple "Evolutionarily Significant Units" (ESUs)(Waples 1991, 56 FR 58612, Waples 1995) for listing consideration under the federal Endangered Species Act (ESA). The ESA considers "distinct" populations of taxonmnic species to be "species" eligible for legal protection (16 U.S.C. 1532[161). NMFS adopted the concept of ESUs to serve as distinct population segments in their ESA listing decisions, along with specific criteria for defining them. Evidence for whether or not rainbow trout and steelhead are in the same ESUs is presented in this report according to the criteria provided by NMFS policy (56 FR 58612). The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) likewise recognizes "Distinct Population Segments" (DPSs) that may be listed under ESA. The agencies share jurisdiction over 0. mykiss for ESA decisions, with NMFS overseeing the anadromous steelhead and USFWS overseeing the freshwater trout. NMFS has described ESUs for all Northwest steelhead, whether they have been listed or not (Busby et al. 1996); however, the USFWS has not generally described DPSs for Northwest 0. mykiss trout. During the original coast-wide status review of steelhead conducted in the 1990s, the NMFS Biological Review Team concluded that, in general, 0. mykiss trout are part of steelhead ESUs in cases where the two forms are sympatric and have an opportunity to interbreed (Busby et al. 1996). The review team was less conclusive about whether trout above artificial barriers were part of the ESUs. Trout that are sympatric with steelhead were also included in the ESUs by NMFS in the final listing determinations, but they were not listed. The steelhead in five of the ESUs in the Pacific Northwest were listed, including the Lower Columbia (63 FR 13347), Willamette, Mid-Columbia (64 FR 14517), Upper Columbia and Snake ESUs (62 FR 43937), all of which are in the Columbia Basin. As a result of two recent court cases NMFS is now reexamming the biological relationship between trout and steelhead populations in the ESUs where steelhead are listed and is reassessing the extinction risk of the whole ESUs from the perspective of both life histories. First, the Hogan decision in Oregon concluded that the Services may describe distinct population segments for ESA listing, but once ESUs or DPSs are described, the Services cannot list only part of one of one of them (Alsea Valley Alliance v. Evans [161 F.Supp. 2d 1154, D. Oreg. 2001]). So if NMFS finds trout to be part of an ESU along with steelhead, the Service cannot assess the extinction risk of only the steelhead in the ESU or list only the steelhead. Second, lawsuits in California about non­anadromous 0. mykiss upstream of man-made barriers (mostly impassible dams) made a similar argument, stating that such populations are related to the steelhead populations below the barriers and should be included in the ESUs and listed (EDC v. Evans, SACV- 00-1212-AHS (EEA), United States District Court, C.D. California). The purpose of this report is to provide more detailed information about trout and steelhead in the Columbia Basin listed ESUs. This report will address two major issues. The first section provides information that will be used to review whether trout and steelhead populations are biologically part the same ESUs, as defined by NMFS criteria. The second section provides information that will be used to review the extinction risks of entire ESUs if trout are considered along with steelhead. A similar, separate report is being prepared for California ESUs where steelhead are listed. Close

• 162. [Article] Lower Snake River Compensation Plan; Oregon Spring Chinook Salmon Evaluation Studies - 2005 Annual Progress Report

  Abstract -- This annual progress report summarizes spring Chinook salmon monitoring data for the Lower Snake River Compensation Plan (LSRCP) facilities in 2005. Also summarized are adult broodstock monitoring ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Lower Snake River Compensation Plan; Oregon Spring Chinook Salmon Evaluation Studies - 2005 Annual Progress Report Abstract -- This annual progress report summarizes spring Chinook salmon monitoring data for the Lower Snake River Compensation Plan (LSRCP) facilities in 2005. Also summarized are adult broodstock monitoring data collected in the Grande Ronde Basin by the Nez Perce Tribe (NPT) and the Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation (CTUIR). The main objectives of this report are to document and evaluate spring Chinook salmon culture performance for hatchery programs and achievement of management objectives in the Imnaha and Grande Ronde river basins. These data are used to design culture practices to optimize egg-to-smolt survival rate, smolt quality, smolt-to-adult survival rate, and successful spawning in nature by hatcheryreared adults, as well as to provide information to adapt the programs to most effectively meet management objectives. This report provides information on rearing and release operations for the 2003 brood year of juvenile Chinook salmon smolts, the collection, spawning, and adult characteristics of adult Chinook salmon in the 2005 return year, and the collection of eggs for the 2005 brood year. Lower Snake River Compensation Plan (LSRCP) ODFW- Eastern Oregon Fish Research (EOFR) Title: Lower Snake River Compensation Plan; Oregon Spring Chinook Salmon Evaluation Studies - 2005 Annual Progress Report Abstract -- This annual progress report summarizes spring Chinook salmon monitoring data for the Lower Snake River Compensation Plan (LSRCP) facilities in 2005. Also summarized are adult broodstock monitoring data collected in the Grande Ronde Basin by the Nez Perce Tribe (NPT) and the Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation (CTUIR). The main objectives of this report are to document and evaluate spring Chinook salmon culture performance for hatchery programs and achievement of management objectives in the Imnaha and Grande Ronde river basins. These data are used to design culture practices to optimize egg-to-smolt survival rate, smolt quality, smolt-to-adult survival rate, and successful spawning in nature by hatcheryreared adults, as well as to provide information to adapt the programs to most effectively meet management objectives. This report provides information on rearing and release operations for the 2003 brood year of juvenile Chinook salmon smolts, the collection, spawning, and adult characteristics of adult Chinook salmon in the 2005 return year, and the collection of eggs for the 2005 brood year. Lower Snake River Compensation Plan (LSRCP) ODFW- Eastern Oregon Fish Research (EOFR) Close

• 163. [Article] Lower Snake River Compensation Plan; Oregon Spring Chinook Salmon Evaluation Studies - 2006 Annual Progress Report

  Abstract -- This annual progress report summarizes spring Chinook salmon monitoring data for the Lower Snake River Compensation Plan (LSRCP) facilities in 2006. Also summarized are adult broodstock monitoring ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Lower Snake River Compensation Plan; Oregon Spring Chinook Salmon Evaluation Studies - 2006 Annual Progress Report Abstract -- This annual progress report summarizes spring Chinook salmon monitoring data for the Lower Snake River Compensation Plan (LSRCP) facilities in 2006. Also summarized are adult broodstock monitoring data collected in the Grande Ronde Basin by the Nez Perce Tribe (NPT) and the Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation (CTUIR). The main objectives of this report are to document and evaluate spring Chinook salmon culture performance for hatchery programs and achievement of management objectives in the Imnaha and Grande Ronde river basins. These data are used to design culture practices to optimize egg-to-smolt survival rate, smolt quality, smolt-to-adult survival rate, and successful spawning in nature by hatcheryreared adults, as well as to provide information to adapt the programs to most effectively meet management objectives. This report provides information on rearing and release operations for the 2004 brood year of juvenile Chinook salmon smolts, the collection, spawning, and adult characteristics of adult Chinook salmon in the 2006 return year, and the collection of eggs for the 2006 brood year. Lower Snake River Compensation Plan (LSRCP) ODFW- Eastern Oregon Fish Research (EOFR) Title: Lower Snake River Compensation Plan; Oregon Spring Chinook Salmon Evaluation Studies - 2006 Annual Progress Report Abstract -- This annual progress report summarizes spring Chinook salmon monitoring data for the Lower Snake River Compensation Plan (LSRCP) facilities in 2006. Also summarized are adult broodstock monitoring data collected in the Grande Ronde Basin by the Nez Perce Tribe (NPT) and the Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation (CTUIR). The main objectives of this report are to document and evaluate spring Chinook salmon culture performance for hatchery programs and achievement of management objectives in the Imnaha and Grande Ronde river basins. These data are used to design culture practices to optimize egg-to-smolt survival rate, smolt quality, smolt-to-adult survival rate, and successful spawning in nature by hatcheryreared adults, as well as to provide information to adapt the programs to most effectively meet management objectives. This report provides information on rearing and release operations for the 2004 brood year of juvenile Chinook salmon smolts, the collection, spawning, and adult characteristics of adult Chinook salmon in the 2006 return year, and the collection of eggs for the 2006 brood year. Lower Snake River Compensation Plan (LSRCP) ODFW- Eastern Oregon Fish Research (EOFR) Close

• 164. [Article] Lower Snake River Compensation Plan; Oregon Spring Chinook Salmon Evaluation Studies - 2007 Annual Progress Report

  Abstract -- This annual progress report summarizes spring Chinook salmon monitoring data for the Lower Snake River Compensation Plan (LSRCP) facilities in 2007. Also summarized are adult broodstock monitoring ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Lower Snake River Compensation Plan; Oregon Spring Chinook Salmon Evaluation Studies - 2007 Annual Progress Report Abstract -- This annual progress report summarizes spring Chinook salmon monitoring data for the Lower Snake River Compensation Plan (LSRCP) facilities in 2007. Also summarized are adult broodstock monitoring data collected in the Grande Ronde Basin by our co-managers the Nez Perce Tribe (NPT) and the Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation (CTUIR). The main objectives of this report are to document and evaluate spring Chinook salmon culture performance for hatchery programs and achievement of management objectives in the Imnaha and Grande Ronde river basins. These data are used to design culture practices to optimize eggto-smolt survival rate, smolt quality, smolt-to-adult survival rate, successful spawning in nature by hatchery-reared adults, and to provide information to adapt programs to most effectively meet management objectives. This report provides information on rearing and release operations for the 2005 brood year of juvenile Chinook salmon smolts, the collection of eggs for the 2007 brood year, Chinook spawning in nature, adult characteristics of adult Chinook salmon in the 2007 return year, and Bacterial Kidney Disease (BKD) monitoring. Lower Snake River Compensation Plan (LSRCP) ODFW- Eastern Oregon Fish Research (EOFR) Title: Lower Snake River Compensation Plan; Oregon Spring Chinook Salmon Evaluation Studies - 2007 Annual Progress Report Abstract -- This annual progress report summarizes spring Chinook salmon monitoring data for the Lower Snake River Compensation Plan (LSRCP) facilities in 2007. Also summarized are adult broodstock monitoring data collected in the Grande Ronde Basin by our co-managers the Nez Perce Tribe (NPT) and the Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation (CTUIR). The main objectives of this report are to document and evaluate spring Chinook salmon culture performance for hatchery programs and achievement of management objectives in the Imnaha and Grande Ronde river basins. These data are used to design culture practices to optimize eggto-smolt survival rate, smolt quality, smolt-to-adult survival rate, successful spawning in nature by hatchery-reared adults, and to provide information to adapt programs to most effectively meet management objectives. This report provides information on rearing and release operations for the 2005 brood year of juvenile Chinook salmon smolts, the collection of eggs for the 2007 brood year, Chinook spawning in nature, adult characteristics of adult Chinook salmon in the 2007 return year, and Bacterial Kidney Disease (BKD) monitoring. Lower Snake River Compensation Plan (LSRCP) ODFW- Eastern Oregon Fish Research (EOFR) Close

• 165. [Article] Lower Snake River Compensation Plan; Oregon Spring Chinook Salmon Evaluation Studies - 2008 Annual Progress Report

  Abstract -- This annual progress report summarizes spring Chinook salmon monitoring data collected by ODFW for the Lower Snake River Compensation Plan (LSRCP) facilities in 2008. Also summarized are the ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Lower Snake River Compensation Plan; Oregon Spring Chinook Salmon Evaluation Studies - 2008 Annual Progress Report Abstract -- This annual progress report summarizes spring Chinook salmon monitoring data collected by ODFW for the Lower Snake River Compensation Plan (LSRCP) facilities in 2008. Also summarized are the associated adult broodstock monitoring data collected in the Grande Ronde Basin by our co-managers, Nez Perce Tribe (NPT) and Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation (CTUIR). The main objectives of this report are to document and evaluate spring Chinook salmon culture performance for hatchery programs and achievement of management objectives in the Imnaha and Grande Ronde river basins. Our co-managers, CTUIR and NPT, have specific program goals for Chinook returns to Catherine Creek, the Upper Grande Ronde River, Lookingglass Creek, and the Lostine River, that are discussed and evaluated in reports prepared by each co-management agency. Overall, these data are used to modify culture practices as needed in order to optimize the egg-to-smolt survival, smolt quality, smolt-to-adult survival rate, and to track spawning in nature by hatchery-reared adults. This report provides information on rearing and release operations for the 2006 brood year of juvenile Chinook salmon smolts, the collection of eggs for the 2008 brood year, Chinook spawning in nature, numbers and characteristics of adult Chinook salmon in the 2008 return year, recruit summary and age composition of the 2003 brood year, and bacterial kidney disease (BKD) monitoring. Lower Snake River Compensation Plan (LSRCP) ODFW- Eastern Oregon Fish Research (EOFR) Title: Lower Snake River Compensation Plan; Oregon Spring Chinook Salmon Evaluation Studies - 2008 Annual Progress Report Abstract -- This annual progress report summarizes spring Chinook salmon monitoring data collected by ODFW for the Lower Snake River Compensation Plan (LSRCP) facilities in 2008. Also summarized are the associated adult broodstock monitoring data collected in the Grande Ronde Basin by our co-managers, Nez Perce Tribe (NPT) and Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation (CTUIR). The main objectives of this report are to document and evaluate spring Chinook salmon culture performance for hatchery programs and achievement of management objectives in the Imnaha and Grande Ronde river basins. Our co-managers, CTUIR and NPT, have specific program goals for Chinook returns to Catherine Creek, the Upper Grande Ronde River, Lookingglass Creek, and the Lostine River, that are discussed and evaluated in reports prepared by each co-management agency. Overall, these data are used to modify culture practices as needed in order to optimize the egg-to-smolt survival, smolt quality, smolt-to-adult survival rate, and to track spawning in nature by hatchery-reared adults. This report provides information on rearing and release operations for the 2006 brood year of juvenile Chinook salmon smolts, the collection of eggs for the 2008 brood year, Chinook spawning in nature, numbers and characteristics of adult Chinook salmon in the 2008 return year, recruit summary and age composition of the 2003 brood year, and bacterial kidney disease (BKD) monitoring. Lower Snake River Compensation Plan (LSRCP) ODFW- Eastern Oregon Fish Research (EOFR) Close

• 166. [Article] Lower Snake River Compensation Plan; Oregon Spring Chinook Salmon Evaluation Studies - 2009 Annual Progress Report

  Abstract -- This annual progress report summarizes spring Chinook salmon monitoring data collected by ODFW for the Lower Snake River Compensation Plan (LSRCP) facilities in 2009. Also summarized are the ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Lower Snake River Compensation Plan; Oregon Spring Chinook Salmon Evaluation Studies - 2009 Annual Progress Report Abstract -- This annual progress report summarizes spring Chinook salmon monitoring data collected by ODFW for the Lower Snake River Compensation Plan (LSRCP) facilities in 2009. Also summarized are the associated adult broodstock monitoring data collected in the Grande Ronde Basin by our co-managers, the Nez Perce Tribe (NPT) and Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation (CTUIR). The main objectives of this report are to document and evaluate spring Chinook salmon culture performance for hatchery programs and achievement of management objectives in the Imnaha and Grande Ronde river basins. Our co-managers, CTUIR and NPT, have specific program goals for Chinook returns to Catherine Creek, the Upper Grande Ronde River, Lookingglass Creek, and the Lostine River, that are discussed and evaluated in reports prepared by each co-management agency. Overall, these data are used to modify culture practices, as needed, in order to optimize the egg-to-smolt survival, smolt quality, and smolt-toadult survival rate, and track spawning in nature by hatchery-reared adults. This report provides information on rearing and release operations for the 2007 brood year of juvenile Chinook salmon smolts, the collection of eggs for the 2009 brood year, numbers and characteristics of adult Chinook salmon in the 2009 return year, spawning at Lookingglass Fish Hatchery and in nature, recruit summary and age composition of the 2004 brood year, and bacterial kidney disease (BKD) monitoring. Lower Snake River Compensation Plan (LSRCP) ODFW- Eastern Oregon Fish Research (EOFR) Title: Lower Snake River Compensation Plan; Oregon Spring Chinook Salmon Evaluation Studies - 2009 Annual Progress Report Abstract -- This annual progress report summarizes spring Chinook salmon monitoring data collected by ODFW for the Lower Snake River Compensation Plan (LSRCP) facilities in 2009. Also summarized are the associated adult broodstock monitoring data collected in the Grande Ronde Basin by our co-managers, the Nez Perce Tribe (NPT) and Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation (CTUIR). The main objectives of this report are to document and evaluate spring Chinook salmon culture performance for hatchery programs and achievement of management objectives in the Imnaha and Grande Ronde river basins. Our co-managers, CTUIR and NPT, have specific program goals for Chinook returns to Catherine Creek, the Upper Grande Ronde River, Lookingglass Creek, and the Lostine River, that are discussed and evaluated in reports prepared by each co-management agency. Overall, these data are used to modify culture practices, as needed, in order to optimize the egg-to-smolt survival, smolt quality, and smolt-toadult survival rate, and track spawning in nature by hatchery-reared adults. This report provides information on rearing and release operations for the 2007 brood year of juvenile Chinook salmon smolts, the collection of eggs for the 2009 brood year, numbers and characteristics of adult Chinook salmon in the 2009 return year, spawning at Lookingglass Fish Hatchery and in nature, recruit summary and age composition of the 2004 brood year, and bacterial kidney disease (BKD) monitoring. Lower Snake River Compensation Plan (LSRCP) ODFW- Eastern Oregon Fish Research (EOFR) Close

• 167. [Article] Lower Snake River Compensation Plan; Oregon Spring Chinook Salmon Evaluation Studies - 2010 Annual Progress Report

  Abstract -- This annual progress report summarizes spring Chinook salmon monitoring data collected by ODFW for the Lower Snake River Compensation Plan (LSRCP) facilities in 2010. Also summarized are the ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Lower Snake River Compensation Plan; Oregon Spring Chinook Salmon Evaluation Studies - 2010 Annual Progress Report Abstract -- This annual progress report summarizes spring Chinook salmon monitoring data collected by ODFW for the Lower Snake River Compensation Plan (LSRCP) facilities in 2010. Also summarized are the associated adult broodstock monitoring data collected in the Grande Ronde Basin by our co-managers, the Nez Perce Tribe (NPT) and Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation (CTUIR). The main objectives of this report are to document and evaluate spring Chinook salmon culture performance for hatchery programs and achievement of management objectives in the Imnaha and Grande Ronde river basins (Our co-managers, CTUIR and NPT, have specific program goals for Chinook returns to Catherine Creek, the Upper Grande Ronde River, Lookingglass Creek, and the Lostine River, that are discussed and evaluated in reports prepared by each co-management agency). Overall, these data are used to modify culture practices, as needed, in order to optimize egg-to-smolt survival, smolt quality, and smolt-to-adult survival rate, and track spawning in nature by hatchery-reared adults. This report provides information on rearing and release operations for the 2008 brood year of juvenile Chinook salmon smolts, the collection of eggs for the 2010 brood year, numbers and characteristics of adult Chinook salmon in the 2010 return year, the 2010 spawning year at Lookingglass Fish Hatchery and in nature, recruit summary and age composition of the 2005 brood year, and bacterial kidney disease (BKD) monitoring. Lower Snake River Compensation Plan (LSRCP) ODFW- Eastern Oregon Fish Research (EOFR) Title: Lower Snake River Compensation Plan; Oregon Spring Chinook Salmon Evaluation Studies - 2010 Annual Progress Report Abstract -- This annual progress report summarizes spring Chinook salmon monitoring data collected by ODFW for the Lower Snake River Compensation Plan (LSRCP) facilities in 2010. Also summarized are the associated adult broodstock monitoring data collected in the Grande Ronde Basin by our co-managers, the Nez Perce Tribe (NPT) and Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation (CTUIR). The main objectives of this report are to document and evaluate spring Chinook salmon culture performance for hatchery programs and achievement of management objectives in the Imnaha and Grande Ronde river basins (Our co-managers, CTUIR and NPT, have specific program goals for Chinook returns to Catherine Creek, the Upper Grande Ronde River, Lookingglass Creek, and the Lostine River, that are discussed and evaluated in reports prepared by each co-management agency). Overall, these data are used to modify culture practices, as needed, in order to optimize egg-to-smolt survival, smolt quality, and smolt-to-adult survival rate, and track spawning in nature by hatchery-reared adults. This report provides information on rearing and release operations for the 2008 brood year of juvenile Chinook salmon smolts, the collection of eggs for the 2010 brood year, numbers and characteristics of adult Chinook salmon in the 2010 return year, the 2010 spawning year at Lookingglass Fish Hatchery and in nature, recruit summary and age composition of the 2005 brood year, and bacterial kidney disease (BKD) monitoring. Lower Snake River Compensation Plan (LSRCP) ODFW- Eastern Oregon Fish Research (EOFR) Close

• 168. [Article] Lower Snake River Compensation Plan; Oregon Spring Chinook Salmon Evaluation Studies - 2015 Annual Progress Report

  Abstract -- This annual progress report summarizes spring-summer Chinook Salmon monitoring data collected by ODFW for the Lower Snake River Compensation Plan (LSRCP) facilities in 2015. Also summarized ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Lower Snake River Compensation Plan; Oregon Spring Chinook Salmon Evaluation Studies - 2015 Annual Progress Report Abstract -- This annual progress report summarizes spring-summer Chinook Salmon monitoring data collected by ODFW for the Lower Snake River Compensation Plan (LSRCP) facilities in 2015. Also summarized are the associated broodstock monitoring data collected at weirs in the Grande Ronde Basin that are operated by our co-managers, the Nez Perce Tribe (NPT; Lostine River) and Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation (CTUIR; Catherine Creek and Upper Grande Ronde River). The main objectives of this report are to document and evaluate spring-sumer Chinook Salmon culture performance for hatchery programs and achievement of management objectives in the Imnaha and Grande Ronde river basins (CTUIR and NPT have specific program goals for Chinook returns to Catherine Creek, the Upper Grande Ronde River, Lookingglass Creek, and the Lostine River that are discussed and evaluated in separate reports prepared by each co-management agency). Overall, these data are used to adaptively manage salmon culture practices in order to optimize egg-to-smolt survival rate, smolt quality, smolt-toadult survival rate, the recruits-per-spawner (R:S) ratio, and to monitor spawning in nature by hatchery-reared salmon. Lower Snake River Compensation Plan (LSRCP) ODFW- Eastern Oregon Fish Research (EOFR) Title: Lower Snake River Compensation Plan; Oregon Spring Chinook Salmon Evaluation Studies - 2015 Annual Progress Report Abstract -- This annual progress report summarizes spring-summer Chinook Salmon monitoring data collected by ODFW for the Lower Snake River Compensation Plan (LSRCP) facilities in 2015. Also summarized are the associated broodstock monitoring data collected at weirs in the Grande Ronde Basin that are operated by our co-managers, the Nez Perce Tribe (NPT; Lostine River) and Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation (CTUIR; Catherine Creek and Upper Grande Ronde River). The main objectives of this report are to document and evaluate spring-sumer Chinook Salmon culture performance for hatchery programs and achievement of management objectives in the Imnaha and Grande Ronde river basins (CTUIR and NPT have specific program goals for Chinook returns to Catherine Creek, the Upper Grande Ronde River, Lookingglass Creek, and the Lostine River that are discussed and evaluated in separate reports prepared by each co-management agency). Overall, these data are used to adaptively manage salmon culture practices in order to optimize egg-to-smolt survival rate, smolt quality, smolt-toadult survival rate, the recruits-per-spawner (R:S) ratio, and to monitor spawning in nature by hatchery-reared salmon. Lower Snake River Compensation Plan (LSRCP) ODFW- Eastern Oregon Fish Research (EOFR) Close

• 169. [Article] Oregon North Coast Spring Chinook Stock Assessment – 2005-06 Information Reports 2008-01

  Abstract -- Chinook salmon populations of the Oregon coast exhibit two general life history types, classified as either spring-run or fall-run depending on adult life-history traits. Fall chinook are present ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Oregon North Coast Spring Chinook Stock Assessment – 2005-06 Information Reports 2008-01 Abstract -- Chinook salmon populations of the Oregon coast exhibit two general life history types, classified as either spring-run or fall-run depending on adult life-history traits. Fall chinook are present in most Oregon coastal basins, and the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife (ODFW) has identified 28 fall chinook populations in this area (ODFW 2005). Spring chinook salmon are found in larger river basins on the Oregon coast, and the upper portions of the Umpqua and Rogue rivers. This is a more limited distribution than coastal fall chinook and includes only 10 populations (ODFW 2005). Oregon coastal fall chinook stocks have been monitored through a set of 56 standard spawning ground surveys, many conducted since the 1950’s. There has not been a similar, consistent, coast-wide monitoring program for Oregon coastal spring chinook spawners. Abundance of these populations has been monitoring through a variety of methods including; freshwater harvest estimates, counts at dams and weirs, summer resting hole counts, and spawning ground surveys. In 1998, the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) reviewed west coast chinook salmon populations in regards to status under the Federal Endangered Species Act (ESA). The NMFS identified a total of 15 Evolutionarily Significant Units (ESUs) of chinook salmon (Myers et al. 1998). Oregon coastal chinook are predominantly in the Oregon Coast ESU (Necanicum River to Elk River). This ESU includes both spring and fall chinook, and was determined to not warrant listing (Federal Register Notice 1998). In 2005, ODFW conducted a review of Oregon native fish status, in regards to the State’s Native Fish Conservation Policy. This review grouped populations by Species Management Unit (SMU), and examined coastal spring and fall chinook populations separately. The review determined the near-term sustainability of the Coastal Fall Chinook SMU was not at risk, but the Coastal Spring Chinook SMU was at risk (ODFW 2005). The Tillamook and Nestucca spring chinook populations were of particular concern because they failed to pass the interim criteria for abundance, productivity, and reproductive independence. Hatchery supplementation of spring chinook has occurred in the Tillamook and Nestucca basins since the early 1900’s. Currently, approximately 450,000 spring chinook smolts are released annually from Trask Hatchery, Cedar Creek Hatchery (Nestucca), and from a STEP program at Whiskey Creek. These hatchery smolts have been mass marked with an adipose fin clip since the 1998 brood year. Therefore, hatchery origin adult spring chinook may now be positively identified by the lack of an adipose fin. Declining trends in wild coastal spring chinook populations have resulted in management actions to target harvest on adipose fin clipped hatchery fish, and to restrict harvest of wild origin fish. Results of status reviews, and changes in management practices have required a more thorough evaluation of stock status for the Tillamook and Nestucca spring chinook populations (Keith Braun, personal communication). Therefore, ODFW developed a monitoring plan for spring chinook in these basins. The monitoring plan identified four project objectives; 1) Determine adult spring chinook abundance in the Trask, Wilson, and Nestucca Rivers, 2) Determine hatchery vs. wild ratios for these three basins, 3) Determine age structure and sex ratios for adult spawners, and 4) Determine distribution and abundance for spring chinook recycled from local ODFW hatcheries. This project began in 2004 with an exploratory season to determine distribution, survey methodology, and feasibility of the proposed protocol. In 2005 and 2006 a more intensive sampling effort was implemented, designed to cover the entire distribution of spring chinook spawning in the Nestucca, Trask, and Wilson rivers. Since 2004, project field work has been funded with Restoration and Enhancement Program (R&E) funds, administered by Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. Project administration is covered through existing funding for the ODFW Oregon Adult Salmonid Inventory and Sampling Project (OASIS). Funding from R&E is scheduled to continue through the 2008 spawning season. Further monitoring will require a new funding source for project field work. This report documents results for project Objectives 1 to 4, including the abundance and distribution of spring chinook spawners during 2005 and 2006 in Oregon’s Trask, Wilson, and Nestucca river basins. Title: Oregon North Coast Spring Chinook Stock Assessment – 2005-06 Information Reports 2008-01 Abstract -- Chinook salmon populations of the Oregon coast exhibit two general life history types, classified as either spring-run or fall-run depending on adult life-history traits. Fall chinook are present in most Oregon coastal basins, and the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife (ODFW) has identified 28 fall chinook populations in this area (ODFW 2005). Spring chinook salmon are found in larger river basins on the Oregon coast, and the upper portions of the Umpqua and Rogue rivers. This is a more limited distribution than coastal fall chinook and includes only 10 populations (ODFW 2005). Oregon coastal fall chinook stocks have been monitored through a set of 56 standard spawning ground surveys, many conducted since the 1950’s. There has not been a similar, consistent, coast-wide monitoring program for Oregon coastal spring chinook spawners. Abundance of these populations has been monitoring through a variety of methods including; freshwater harvest estimates, counts at dams and weirs, summer resting hole counts, and spawning ground surveys. In 1998, the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) reviewed west coast chinook salmon populations in regards to status under the Federal Endangered Species Act (ESA). The NMFS identified a total of 15 Evolutionarily Significant Units (ESUs) of chinook salmon (Myers et al. 1998). Oregon coastal chinook are predominantly in the Oregon Coast ESU (Necanicum River to Elk River). This ESU includes both spring and fall chinook, and was determined to not warrant listing (Federal Register Notice 1998). In 2005, ODFW conducted a review of Oregon native fish status, in regards to the State’s Native Fish Conservation Policy. This review grouped populations by Species Management Unit (SMU), and examined coastal spring and fall chinook populations separately. The review determined the near-term sustainability of the Coastal Fall Chinook SMU was not at risk, but the Coastal Spring Chinook SMU was at risk (ODFW 2005). The Tillamook and Nestucca spring chinook populations were of particular concern because they failed to pass the interim criteria for abundance, productivity, and reproductive independence. Hatchery supplementation of spring chinook has occurred in the Tillamook and Nestucca basins since the early 1900’s. Currently, approximately 450,000 spring chinook smolts are released annually from Trask Hatchery, Cedar Creek Hatchery (Nestucca), and from a STEP program at Whiskey Creek. These hatchery smolts have been mass marked with an adipose fin clip since the 1998 brood year. Therefore, hatchery origin adult spring chinook may now be positively identified by the lack of an adipose fin. Declining trends in wild coastal spring chinook populations have resulted in management actions to target harvest on adipose fin clipped hatchery fish, and to restrict harvest of wild origin fish. Results of status reviews, and changes in management practices have required a more thorough evaluation of stock status for the Tillamook and Nestucca spring chinook populations (Keith Braun, personal communication). Therefore, ODFW developed a monitoring plan for spring chinook in these basins. The monitoring plan identified four project objectives; 1) Determine adult spring chinook abundance in the Trask, Wilson, and Nestucca Rivers, 2) Determine hatchery vs. wild ratios for these three basins, 3) Determine age structure and sex ratios for adult spawners, and 4) Determine distribution and abundance for spring chinook recycled from local ODFW hatcheries. This project began in 2004 with an exploratory season to determine distribution, survey methodology, and feasibility of the proposed protocol. In 2005 and 2006 a more intensive sampling effort was implemented, designed to cover the entire distribution of spring chinook spawning in the Nestucca, Trask, and Wilson rivers. Since 2004, project field work has been funded with Restoration and Enhancement Program (R&E) funds, administered by Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. Project administration is covered through existing funding for the ODFW Oregon Adult Salmonid Inventory and Sampling Project (OASIS). Funding from R&E is scheduled to continue through the 2008 spawning season. Further monitoring will require a new funding source for project field work. This report documents results for project Objectives 1 to 4, including the abundance and distribution of spring chinook spawners during 2005 and 2006 in Oregon’s Trask, Wilson, and Nestucca river basins. Close

• 170. [Article] Lower Snake River Compensation Plan; Oregon Spring Chinook Salmon Evaluation Studies - 2016 Annual Progress Report

  Abstract -- This annual progress report summarizes spring-summer Chinook Salmon monitoring data collected by ODFW for the Lower Snake River Compensation Plan (LSRCP) facilities in 2015. Also summarized ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Lower Snake River Compensation Plan; Oregon Spring Chinook Salmon Evaluation Studies - 2016 Annual Progress Report Abstract -- This annual progress report summarizes spring-summer Chinook Salmon monitoring data collected by ODFW for the Lower Snake River Compensation Plan (LSRCP) facilities in 2015. Also summarized are the associated broodstock monitoring data collected at weirs in the Grande Ronde Basin that are operated by our co-managers, the Nez Perce Tribe (NPT; Lostine River) and Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation (CTUIR; Catherine Creek and Upper Grande Ronde River). The main objectives of this report are to document and evaluate spring-sumer Chinook Salmon culture performance for hatchery programs and achievement of management objectives in the Imnaha and Grande Ronde river basins (CTUIR and NPT have specific program goals for Chinook returns to Catherine Creek, the Upper Grande Ronde River, Lookingglass Creek, and the Lostine River that are discussed and evaluated in separate reports prepared by each co-management agency). Overall, these data are used to adaptively manage salmon culture practices in order to optimize egg-to-smolt survival rate, smolt quality, smolt-toadult survival rate, the recruits-per-spawner (R:S) ratio, and to monitor spawning in nature by hatchery-reared salmon. Lower Snake River Compensation Plan (LSRCP) ODFW- Eastern Oregon Fish Research (EOFR) Title: Lower Snake River Compensation Plan; Oregon Spring Chinook Salmon Evaluation Studies - 2016 Annual Progress Report Abstract -- This annual progress report summarizes spring-summer Chinook Salmon monitoring data collected by ODFW for the Lower Snake River Compensation Plan (LSRCP) facilities in 2015. Also summarized are the associated broodstock monitoring data collected at weirs in the Grande Ronde Basin that are operated by our co-managers, the Nez Perce Tribe (NPT; Lostine River) and Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation (CTUIR; Catherine Creek and Upper Grande Ronde River). The main objectives of this report are to document and evaluate spring-sumer Chinook Salmon culture performance for hatchery programs and achievement of management objectives in the Imnaha and Grande Ronde river basins (CTUIR and NPT have specific program goals for Chinook returns to Catherine Creek, the Upper Grande Ronde River, Lookingglass Creek, and the Lostine River that are discussed and evaluated in separate reports prepared by each co-management agency). Overall, these data are used to adaptively manage salmon culture practices in order to optimize egg-to-smolt survival rate, smolt quality, smolt-toadult survival rate, the recruits-per-spawner (R:S) ratio, and to monitor spawning in nature by hatchery-reared salmon. Lower Snake River Compensation Plan (LSRCP) ODFW- Eastern Oregon Fish Research (EOFR) Close