Oregon Explorer CrossSearch Search Results

1. [Image] Colorado geothermal institutional handbook: a user's guide of agencies regulations, permits, and aids for geothermal development


	The following are included: principal state agencies, applicable state legislation, applicable state regulations, local agencies and regulations, federal agencies and regulations, information sources, ...
	Citation Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Colorado geothermal institutional handbook: a user's guide of agencies regulations, permits, and aids for geothermal development Author: Coe, B.A. Year: 1980 The following are included: principal state agencies, applicable state legislation, applicable state regulations, local agencies and regulations, federal agencies and regulations, information sources, and agencies and individuals. (MHR); DOE/ID/12018-3; Alternative title: Regulation of geothermal energy development in Colorado Title: Colorado geothermal institutional handbook: a user's guide of agencies regulations, permits, and aids for geothermal development Author: Coe, B.A. Year: 1980 The following are included: principal state agencies, applicable state legislation, applicable state regulations, local agencies and regulations, federal agencies and regulations, information sources, and agencies and individuals. (MHR); DOE/ID/12018-3; Alternative title: Regulation of geothermal energy development in Colorado

2. [Image] Oregon Administrative Rules State of Oregon Department of Geology and Mineral Industries, Chapter 632 , Division 20, Geothermal Regulations


	This document is a collection of the Geothermal Regulations for the State of Oregon
	Citation Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Oregon Administrative Rules State of Oregon Department of Geology and Mineral Industries, Chapter 632 , Division 20, Geothermal Regulations Author: State of Oregon Year: 1995 This document is a collection of the Geothermal Regulations for the State of Oregon Title: Oregon Administrative Rules State of Oregon Department of Geology and Mineral Industries, Chapter 632 , Division 20, Geothermal Regulations Author: State of Oregon Year: 1995 This document is a collection of the Geothermal Regulations for the State of Oregon

3. [Image] Regulations on Leasing of Geothermal Resources and Drilling for Geothermal Resources in Hawaii


	This document contains the many different aspects to consider when dealing with the regulations on leasing geothermal resources and drilling in the state of Hawaii
	Citation Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Regulations on Leasing of Geothermal Resources and Drilling for Geothermal Resources in Hawaii Author: Department of Land and Natural Resources Year: 1978 This document contains the many different aspects to consider when dealing with the regulations on leasing geothermal resources and drilling in the state of Hawaii Title: Regulations on Leasing of Geothermal Resources and Drilling for Geothermal Resources in Hawaii Author: Department of Land and Natural Resources Year: 1978 This document contains the many different aspects to consider when dealing with the regulations on leasing geothermal resources and drilling in the state of Hawaii

4. [Image] Montana Geothermal Handbook: A Guide to Agencies, Regulations, Permits and Financial Aids for Geothermal Development


	The handbook is divided into three parts: a list of the permits required for various thermal projects, and an estimate of time needed to obtain them; a brief discussion of the statutes and regulations ...
	Citation Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Montana Geothermal Handbook: A Guide to Agencies, Regulations, Permits and Financial Aids for Geothermal Development Author: Perlmutter, S. Year: 1980 The handbook is divided into three parts: a list of the permits required for various thermal projects, and an estimate of time needed to obtain them; a brief discussion of the statutes and regulations referred to in Part 1; this information was gathered in a survey of state and federal regulations, as well as in conversations with numerous state and federal officials; and a description of the state and federal grant and loan funding available to a prospective geothermal developer. The names and addresses of the relevant state and federal agencies and legal citations are listed in appendices Title: Montana Geothermal Handbook: A Guide to Agencies, Regulations, Permits and Financial Aids for Geothermal Development Author: Perlmutter, S. Year: 1980 The handbook is divided into three parts: a list of the permits required for various thermal projects, and an estimate of time needed to obtain them; a brief discussion of the statutes and regulations referred to in Part 1; this information was gathered in a survey of state and federal regulations, as well as in conversations with numerous state and federal officials; and a description of the state and federal grant and loan funding available to a prospective geothermal developer. The names and addresses of the relevant state and federal agencies and legal citations are listed in appendices

5. [Image] Geothermal Steam Act of 1970 and Regulations on the Leasing of Geothermal Resources


	The Geothermal Steam Act and the implementing Regulations printed here governed most aspects of the leasing of Federal lands for geothermal exploration and development for many years. They are of great ...
	Citation Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Geothermal Steam Act of 1970 and Regulations on the Leasing of Geothermal Resources Author: 91st Congress, S.368 Year: 1975 The Geothermal Steam Act and the implementing Regulations printed here governed most aspects of the leasing of Federal lands for geothermal exploration and development for many years. They are of great historical interest. Interesting details include: limits on leased acreage per person or firm, distinctions between competitive and noncompetitive leases, rules for bonus auctions, rents, and production royalties, diligence requirements, and distribution of royalties between the Government and the states. Note that most of what was laid out here prevailed until relatively large revisions in the omnibus Energy Bill of 2005. (DJE 2005) Title: Geothermal Steam Act of 1970 and Regulations on the Leasing of Geothermal Resources Author: 91st Congress, S.368 Year: 1975 The Geothermal Steam Act and the implementing Regulations printed here governed most aspects of the leasing of Federal lands for geothermal exploration and development for many years. They are of great historical interest. Interesting details include: limits on leased acreage per person or firm, distinctions between competitive and noncompetitive leases, rules for bonus auctions, rents, and production royalties, diligence requirements, and distribution of royalties between the Government and the states. Note that most of what was laid out here prevailed until relatively large revisions in the omnibus Energy Bill of 2005. (DJE 2005)

6. [Image] Arizona geothermal institutional handbook: Arizona geothermal commercialization planning team, January 1-December 31, 1979


	The purpose of this handbook is to assist in understanding the various procedures and requirements necessary for the development of geothermal energy in the State of Arizona. It contains the names of key ...
	Citation Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Arizona geothermal institutional handbook: Arizona geothermal commercialization planning team, January 1-December 31, 1979 Author: Malysa, L. Year: 1980 The purpose of this handbook is to assist in understanding the various procedures and requirements necessary for the development of geothermal energy in the State of Arizona. It contains the names of key persons and agencies who are directly or indirectly involved in the institutional process. A detailed assessment of all agencies and the role they play in geothermal energy development is provided. The handbook is divided into four sections: State and Local rules and regulations, the Federal rules and regulations, references, and a technical bibliography. (MHR); DOE/ID/12015-2 Title: Arizona geothermal institutional handbook: Arizona geothermal commercialization planning team, January 1-December 31, 1979 Author: Malysa, L. Year: 1980 The purpose of this handbook is to assist in understanding the various procedures and requirements necessary for the development of geothermal energy in the State of Arizona. It contains the names of key persons and agencies who are directly or indirectly involved in the institutional process. A detailed assessment of all agencies and the role they play in geothermal energy development is provided. The handbook is divided into four sections: State and Local rules and regulations, the Federal rules and regulations, references, and a technical bibliography. (MHR); DOE/ID/12015-2

7. [Image] Geothermal Institutional Handbook for the State of Wyoming: A User's Guide of Agencies Regulations, Permits and Aids for Geothermal Development


	The agencies involved in geothermal development are listed and individually described. A summary of existing geothermal resource laws and their statute numbers are given followed by a discussion on the ...
	Citation Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Geothermal Institutional Handbook for the State of Wyoming: A User's Guide of Agencies Regulations, Permits and Aids for Geothermal Development Author: Aspinwall, C. Year: 1980 The agencies involved in geothermal development are listed and individually described. A summary of existing geothermal resource laws and their statute numbers are given followed by a discussion on the problems are tabulated. Some step-by-step instructions for determining what permits are necessary for developing a specific geothermal resource are given. A list of selected references and a list of additional resources for geothermal information and referral are included (MHR) Title: Geothermal Institutional Handbook for the State of Wyoming: A User's Guide of Agencies Regulations, Permits and Aids for Geothermal Development Author: Aspinwall, C. Year: 1980 The agencies involved in geothermal development are listed and individually described. A summary of existing geothermal resource laws and their statute numbers are given followed by a discussion on the problems are tabulated. Some step-by-step instructions for determining what permits are necessary for developing a specific geothermal resource are given. A list of selected references and a list of additional resources for geothermal information and referral are included (MHR)

8. [Image] Restrictions on snowmobile riding in Crater Lake National Park: final report


	ill., col. map; Report title; Includes bibliographical references (p. R-1-R-6) pages
	Citation Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Restrictions on snowmobile riding in Crater Lake National Park: final report Author: Research Triangle Institute Year: 2001, 2010 ill., col. map; Report title; Includes bibliographical references (p. R-1-R-6) pages Title: Restrictions on snowmobile riding in Crater Lake National Park: final report Author: Research Triangle Institute Year: 2001, 2010 ill., col. map; Report title; Includes bibliographical references (p. R-1-R-6) pages

9. [Image] Guidelines to the Preparation of Environmental Reports for Geothermal Development Projects


	The US Energy Research and Development Administration (ERDA) through its Division of Geothermal Energy (DGE) is the federal agency responsible for certain actions that pertain to the development of geothermal ...
	Citation Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Guidelines to the Preparation of Environmental Reports for Geothermal Development Projects Author: Energy Research and Development Administration, Division of Geothermal Energy Year: 1977 The US Energy Research and Development Administration (ERDA) through its Division of Geothermal Energy (DGE) is the federal agency responsible for certain actions that pertain to the development of geothermal resources. Such resources include (1) all products of geothermal processes, embracing indigenous steam, geopressured fluids, hot water, and brines; (2) steam and other gases, hot water and hot brines resulting from water, and natural gas or other fluids introduced into geothermal formations; (3) any by-products derived from geothermal resources, such as minerals or gases. By-products must either have a value less than 75% of the value of the geothermal resources from which they are derived or must not be of sufficient value alone to warrant extraction and production. in order to encourage the development of geothermal resources, ERDA conducts a program to assess those resources and to establish the technical, economic, and environmental acceptability of geothermal technologies. This program includes some proposed actions that could affect the environment. As a means of obtaining information essential to satisfying the requirements of NEAP and its own regulations (10 CFR Part 711), ERDA requests that certain participants in the agency's programmatic activities submit an environmental report. The report describes the proposed programmatic activities and considers the potential impacts of those activities with respect to the existing environment. This guidelines document has been developed to provide assistance to participants in the preparation of environmental reports about geothermal activities Title: Guidelines to the Preparation of Environmental Reports for Geothermal Development Projects Author: Energy Research and Development Administration, Division of Geothermal Energy Year: 1977 The US Energy Research and Development Administration (ERDA) through its Division of Geothermal Energy (DGE) is the federal agency responsible for certain actions that pertain to the development of geothermal resources. Such resources include (1) all products of geothermal processes, embracing indigenous steam, geopressured fluids, hot water, and brines; (2) steam and other gases, hot water and hot brines resulting from water, and natural gas or other fluids introduced into geothermal formations; (3) any by-products derived from geothermal resources, such as minerals or gases. By-products must either have a value less than 75% of the value of the geothermal resources from which they are derived or must not be of sufficient value alone to warrant extraction and production. in order to encourage the development of geothermal resources, ERDA conducts a program to assess those resources and to establish the technical, economic, and environmental acceptability of geothermal technologies. This program includes some proposed actions that could affect the environment. As a means of obtaining information essential to satisfying the requirements of NEAP and its own regulations (10 CFR Part 711), ERDA requests that certain participants in the agency's programmatic activities submit an environmental report. The report describes the proposed programmatic activities and considers the potential impacts of those activities with respect to the existing environment. This guidelines document has been developed to provide assistance to participants in the preparation of environmental reports about geothermal activities

10. [Image] Klamath River - View looking downstream at right abutment of Keno Regulating Dam


	P12-200-2777A Klamath River - Klamath Project--Oregon. View looking downstream at right abutment of Keno Regulating Dam, which controls level of 18 miles of river and Lake Ewauna- Keno to Klamath Falls. ...
	Citation Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Klamath River - View looking downstream at right abutment of Keno Regulating Dam Author: United States. Bureau of Reclamation, Lawrence, C.D. Year: 1965, 2008, 2006 P12-200-2777A Klamath River - Klamath Project--Oregon. View looking downstream at right abutment of Keno Regulating Dam, which controls level of 18 miles of river and Lake Ewauna- Keno to Klamath Falls. Dam is opened to full capacity. Flow is about 8200 cfs.; January 26, 1965; Bureau of Reclamation photo by C. D. Lawrence Title: Klamath River - View looking downstream at right abutment of Keno Regulating Dam Author: United States. Bureau of Reclamation, Lawrence, C.D. Year: 1965, 2008, 2006 P12-200-2777A Klamath River - Klamath Project--Oregon. View looking downstream at right abutment of Keno Regulating Dam, which controls level of 18 miles of river and Lake Ewauna- Keno to Klamath Falls. Dam is opened to full capacity. Flow is about 8200 cfs.; January 26, 1965; Bureau of Reclamation photo by C. D. Lawrence

11. [Image] Klamath River - View of Klamath River Channel immediately downstream from Keno Regulating Dam


	P12-200-2779A Klamath River - Klamath Project--Oregon. View of Klamath River Channel immediately downstream from Keno Regulating Dam, showing relatively flat grade between upper and lower rock reef sections. ...
	Citation Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Klamath River - View of Klamath River Channel immediately downstream from Keno Regulating Dam Author: United States. Bureau of Reclamation, Lawrence, C.D. Year: 1965, 2008, 2006 P12-200-2779A Klamath River - Klamath Project--Oregon. View of Klamath River Channel immediately downstream from Keno Regulating Dam, showing relatively flat grade between upper and lower rock reef sections. Pacific Power & Light Company plans to excavate deeper channel along left side; January 26, 1965; Bureau of Reclamation photo by C. D. Lawrence Title: Klamath River - View of Klamath River Channel immediately downstream from Keno Regulating Dam Author: United States. Bureau of Reclamation, Lawrence, C.D. Year: 1965, 2008, 2006 P12-200-2779A Klamath River - Klamath Project--Oregon. View of Klamath River Channel immediately downstream from Keno Regulating Dam, showing relatively flat grade between upper and lower rock reef sections. Pacific Power & Light Company plans to excavate deeper channel along left side; January 26, 1965; Bureau of Reclamation photo by C. D. Lawrence

12. [Image] Klamath River - View of Klamath River upstream from Keno Regulating Dam


	P12-200-2780A Klamath River - Klamath Project--Oregon. View of Klamath River upstream from Keno Regulating Dam, showing noticeable riffle in water surface at narrow section near boom anchor cribs which ...
	Citation Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Klamath River - View of Klamath River upstream from Keno Regulating Dam Author: United States. Bureau of Reclamation, Lawrence, C.D. Year: 1965, 2008, 2006 P12-200-2780A Klamath River - Klamath Project--Oregon. View of Klamath River upstream from Keno Regulating Dam, showing noticeable riffle in water surface at narrow section near boom anchor cribs which illustrates accelerated flow over upper reef; January 26, 1965; Bureau of Reclamation photo by C. D. Lawrence Title: Klamath River - View of Klamath River upstream from Keno Regulating Dam Author: United States. Bureau of Reclamation, Lawrence, C.D. Year: 1965, 2008, 2006 P12-200-2780A Klamath River - Klamath Project--Oregon. View of Klamath River upstream from Keno Regulating Dam, showing noticeable riffle in water surface at narrow section near boom anchor cribs which illustrates accelerated flow over upper reef; January 26, 1965; Bureau of Reclamation photo by C. D. Lawrence

13. [Image] Klamath River - View from existing Keno regulating dam


	P12-200-2793A Klamath River - Klamath Project--Oregon. View from existing Keno regulating dam showing M-K Co. dragline removing blasted rock from by-pass channel. Equipment at right is on old spoil pile, ...
	Citation Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Klamath River - View from existing Keno regulating dam Author: United States. Bureau of Reclamation, Lawrence, C.D. Year: 1965, 2008, 2006 P12-200-2793A Klamath River - Klamath Project--Oregon. View from existing Keno regulating dam showing M-K Co. dragline removing blasted rock from by-pass channel. Equipment at right is on old spoil pile, from previous river channel excavation now being used for operating base and access road; March 3, 1965; Bureau of Reclamation photo by C. D. Lawrence Title: Klamath River - View from existing Keno regulating dam Author: United States. Bureau of Reclamation, Lawrence, C.D. Year: 1965, 2008, 2006 P12-200-2793A Klamath River - Klamath Project--Oregon. View from existing Keno regulating dam showing M-K Co. dragline removing blasted rock from by-pass channel. Equipment at right is on old spoil pile, from previous river channel excavation now being used for operating base and access road; March 3, 1965; Bureau of Reclamation photo by C. D. Lawrence

14. [Image] Environmental assessment for the proposed special regulations designating snowmobile routes in Crater Lake National Park, Oregon



	Citation Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Environmental assessment for the proposed special regulations designating snowmobile routes in Crater Lake National Park, Oregon Author: Rutter, John A. Year: 1975, 2010 Title: Environmental assessment for the proposed special regulations designating snowmobile routes in Crater Lake National Park, Oregon Author: Rutter, John A. Year: 1975, 2010

15. [Image] State Government Workshop on Barriers and Incentives of Geothermal Energy Resources. Quarterly Report, January 15-April 30, 1978


	The Geothermal Policy Project activities are discussed in the areas of selection of project states, development of project materials, and establishing contacts. Potential problem areas are identified and ...
	Citation Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: State Government Workshop on Barriers and Incentives of Geothermal Energy Resources. Quarterly Report, January 15-April 30, 1978 Author: Harris, R.C. Year: 1978 The Geothermal Policy Project activities are discussed in the areas of selection of project states, development of project materials, and establishing contacts. Potential problem areas are identified and future plans are discussed including an assessment of prospects for future progress. (MHR) Title: State Government Workshop on Barriers and Incentives of Geothermal Energy Resources. Quarterly Report, January 15-April 30, 1978 Author: Harris, R.C. Year: 1978 The Geothermal Policy Project activities are discussed in the areas of selection of project states, development of project materials, and establishing contacts. Potential problem areas are identified and future plans are discussed including an assessment of prospects for future progress. (MHR)

16. [Image] Geothermal Resource Assessment, Kern River Canyon and Lake Isabella Area, Northeastern Kern County, California


	A preliminary investigation was performed in northeastern Kern County in order to assess the low temperature geothermal resources. The objective was to develop an accurate inventory of the low temperature ...
	Citation Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Geothermal Resource Assessment, Kern River Canyon and Lake Isabella Area, Northeastern Kern County, California Author: International Engineering Company, Incorporated Year: 1984 A preliminary investigation was performed in northeastern Kern County in order to assess the low temperature geothermal resources. The objective was to develop an accurate inventory of the low temperature resources and to identify alternatives for the direct use of these resources. Emphasis was placed on six areas exhibiting thermal manifestations in the Lake Isabella area and Kern River Canyon. Other reports in this study will identify applications and examine legislative, social, economic, technical and environmental barriers to the development of these resources. This report addresses Task 1 and includes: identification of the areas, preliminary analyses of each resource, interviews with resource owners, an update on information of the springs and a preliminary evaluation of the exploitation potential Title: Geothermal Resource Assessment, Kern River Canyon and Lake Isabella Area, Northeastern Kern County, California Author: International Engineering Company, Incorporated Year: 1984 A preliminary investigation was performed in northeastern Kern County in order to assess the low temperature geothermal resources. The objective was to develop an accurate inventory of the low temperature resources and to identify alternatives for the direct use of these resources. Emphasis was placed on six areas exhibiting thermal manifestations in the Lake Isabella area and Kern River Canyon. Other reports in this study will identify applications and examine legislative, social, economic, technical and environmental barriers to the development of these resources. This report addresses Task 1 and includes: identification of the areas, preliminary analyses of each resource, interviews with resource owners, an update on information of the springs and a preliminary evaluation of the exploitation potential

17. [Image] Geothermal Progress Monitor. Progress Report No. 1


	Progress is reported on the following: electrical uses, direct-heat uses, drilling activities, leases, geothermal loan guarantee program, general activities, and legal, institutional, and regulatory activities ...
	Citation Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Geothermal Progress Monitor. Progress Report No. 1 Author: Assistant Secretary for Resource Applications, Division of Geothermal Resource Management Year: 1979 Progress is reported on the following: electrical uses, direct-heat uses, drilling activities, leases, geothermal loan guarantee program, general activities, and legal, institutional, and regulatory activities (MHR) Title: Geothermal Progress Monitor. Progress Report No. 1 Author: Assistant Secretary for Resource Applications, Division of Geothermal Resource Management Year: 1979 Progress is reported on the following: electrical uses, direct-heat uses, drilling activities, leases, geothermal loan guarantee program, general activities, and legal, institutional, and regulatory activities (MHR)

18. [Image] Geothermal Progress Monitor Report No. 5. Progress Report, June 1981


	Updated information is presented on activities and progress in the areas of electric power plants, direct heat applications, deep well drilling, leasing of federal lands, legislative and regulatory actions, ...
	Citation Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Geothermal Progress Monitor Report No. 5. Progress Report, June 1981 Author: Assistant Secretary for Conservation and Renewable Energy, Division of Geothermal Energy Year: 1981 Updated information is presented on activities and progress in the areas of electric power plants, direct heat applications, deep well drilling, leasing of federal lands, legislative and regulatory actions, research and development, and others. Special attention is given in this report to 1980 highlights, particularly in the areas of electric and direct heat uses, drilling, and the Federal lands leasing program. This report also includes a summary of the DOE FY 1982 geothermal budget request to Congress Title: Geothermal Progress Monitor Report No. 5. Progress Report, June 1981 Author: Assistant Secretary for Conservation and Renewable Energy, Division of Geothermal Energy Year: 1981 Updated information is presented on activities and progress in the areas of electric power plants, direct heat applications, deep well drilling, leasing of federal lands, legislative and regulatory actions, research and development, and others. Special attention is given in this report to 1980 highlights, particularly in the areas of electric and direct heat uses, drilling, and the Federal lands leasing program. This report also includes a summary of the DOE FY 1982 geothermal budget request to Congress

19. [Image] Klamath River - Upstream face of Keno Regulation Dam from right bank


	P12-200-2778A Klamath River - Klamath Project--Oregon. Note old timber construction and timber needles stacked on deck; January 26, 1965; Bureau of Reclamation photo by C. D. Lawrence
	Citation Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Klamath River - Upstream face of Keno Regulation Dam from right bank Author: United States. Bureau of Reclamation, Lawrence, C.D. Year: 1965, 2008, 2006 P12-200-2778A Klamath River - Klamath Project--Oregon. Note old timber construction and timber needles stacked on deck; January 26, 1965; Bureau of Reclamation photo by C. D. Lawrence Title: Klamath River - Upstream face of Keno Regulation Dam from right bank Author: United States. Bureau of Reclamation, Lawrence, C.D. Year: 1965, 2008, 2006 P12-200-2778A Klamath River - Klamath Project--Oregon. Note old timber construction and timber needles stacked on deck; January 26, 1965; Bureau of Reclamation photo by C. D. Lawrence

20. [Image] CLEAR LAKE WATERSHED


	KP-2329-R2 - Klamath Project--CLEAR LAKE WATERSHED. Intermediate level on watershed during snowmelt period. Note numerous depressions tending to hold and regulate runoff; March 23, 1956; Photo by C. D. ...
	Citation Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: CLEAR LAKE WATERSHED Author: United States. Bureau of Reclamation, Lawrence, C.D. Year: 1956, 2007, 2006 KP-2329-R2 - Klamath Project--CLEAR LAKE WATERSHED. Intermediate level on watershed during snowmelt period. Note numerous depressions tending to hold and regulate runoff; March 23, 1956; Photo by C. D. Lawrence Title: CLEAR LAKE WATERSHED Author: United States. Bureau of Reclamation, Lawrence, C.D. Year: 1956, 2007, 2006 KP-2329-R2 - Klamath Project--CLEAR LAKE WATERSHED. Intermediate level on watershed during snowmelt period. Note numerous depressions tending to hold and regulate runoff; March 23, 1956; Photo by C. D. Lawrence

21. [Image] KLAMATH RIVER


	KP-2460-R2 - Klamath Project - KLAMATH RIVER. View looking east to Keno regulating dam in foreground and town of Keno in background; February 21, 1958; Photo by K. J. Greene
	Citation Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: KLAMATH RIVER Author: United States. Bureau of Reclamation, Greene, K.J. Year: 1958, 2008, 2006 KP-2460-R2 - Klamath Project - KLAMATH RIVER. View looking east to Keno regulating dam in foreground and town of Keno in background; February 21, 1958; Photo by K. J. Greene Title: KLAMATH RIVER Author: United States. Bureau of Reclamation, Greene, K.J. Year: 1958, 2008, 2006 KP-2460-R2 - Klamath Project - KLAMATH RIVER. View looking east to Keno regulating dam in foreground and town of Keno in background; February 21, 1958; Photo by K. J. Greene

22. [Image] Administrative history: Crater Lake National Park, Oregon [volume 2]


	2 v.: ill., maps; "NPS D-71 March 1988" - [end of both volumes]; Includes bibliographical references.
	Citation Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Administrative history: Crater Lake National Park, Oregon [volume 2] Author: Harlan D. Unrau Year: 1988, 2009, 2010 2 v.: ill., maps; "NPS D-71 March 1988" - [end of both volumes]; Includes bibliographical references. Title: Administrative history: Crater Lake National Park, Oregon [volume 2] Author: Harlan D. Unrau Year: 1988, 2009, 2010 2 v.: ill., maps; "NPS D-71 March 1988" - [end of both volumes]; Includes bibliographical references.

23. [Image] Crater Lake National Park, Oregon : final development concept plan/amendment to the general management plan, environmental impact statement


	ill., maps; "June 1995;" Includes bibliographical references and index; NPS D-35; FES 95-27; Also available via Internet as PDF file through Southern Oregon Digital Archives: http://soda.sou.edu. Search ...
	Citation Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Crater Lake National Park, Oregon : final development concept plan/amendment to the general management plan, environmental impact statement Author: United States. National Park Service. Denver Service Center Year: 1995, 2008 ill., maps; "June 1995;" Includes bibliographical references and index; NPS D-35; FES 95-27; Also available via Internet as PDF file through Southern Oregon Digital Archives: http://soda.sou.edu. Search Bioregion Collection Title: Crater Lake National Park, Oregon : final development concept plan/amendment to the general management plan, environmental impact statement Author: United States. National Park Service. Denver Service Center Year: 1995, 2008 ill., maps; "June 1995;" Includes bibliographical references and index; NPS D-35; FES 95-27; Also available via Internet as PDF file through Southern Oregon Digital Archives: http://soda.sou.edu. Search Bioregion Collection

24. [Image] Administrative history: Crater Lake National Park, Oregon [volume 1]


	2 v.: ill., maps; "NPS D-71 March 1988" - [end of both volumes]; Includes bibliographical references
	Citation Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Administrative history: Crater Lake National Park, Oregon [volume 1] Author: Harlan D. Unrau Year: 1988, 2009, 2010 2 v.: ill., maps; "NPS D-71 March 1988" - [end of both volumes]; Includes bibliographical references Title: Administrative history: Crater Lake National Park, Oregon [volume 1] Author: Harlan D. Unrau Year: 1988, 2009, 2010 2 v.: ill., maps; "NPS D-71 March 1988" - [end of both volumes]; Includes bibliographical references

25. [Image] Endangered Species Act of 1973 (as amended through December 2004)


	"February 2005."; "Serial no. 109-A."
	Citation Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Endangered Species Act of 1973 (as amended through December 2004) Author: United States. Congress. House. Committee on Resources. Year: 2005 "February 2005."; "Serial no. 109-A." Title: Endangered Species Act of 1973 (as amended through December 2004) Author: United States. Congress. House. Committee on Resources. Year: 2005 "February 2005."; "Serial no. 109-A."

26. [Image] Klamath River - View east, upstream, from existing Keno regulating dam showing beginning of excavation


	P12-200-2794A Klamath River - Klamath Project--Oregon. Trench is to drain overburden to facilitate excavation; March 3, 1965; Bureau of Reclamation photo by C. D. Lawrence
	Citation Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Klamath River - View east, upstream, from existing Keno regulating dam showing beginning of excavation Author: United States. Bureau of Reclamation, Lawrence, C.D. Year: 1965, 2008, 2006 P12-200-2794A Klamath River - Klamath Project--Oregon. Trench is to drain overburden to facilitate excavation; March 3, 1965; Bureau of Reclamation photo by C. D. Lawrence Title: Klamath River - View east, upstream, from existing Keno regulating dam showing beginning of excavation Author: United States. Bureau of Reclamation, Lawrence, C.D. Year: 1965, 2008, 2006 P12-200-2794A Klamath River - Klamath Project--Oregon. Trench is to drain overburden to facilitate excavation; March 3, 1965; Bureau of Reclamation photo by C. D. Lawrence

27. [Image] Kl. Str. Drain Enl., Phase II, Specs. 200C-954 - RHC Constr., Inc., Contractor


	P12-201-4568NA Klamath Project, OR-CA. Ady Canal -- Siphon hydrostatic test -- Plant FF. Water in CMP was held at head of 10" using 192 GMP Homelite pump regulated by means of valve on downstream side ...
	Citation Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Kl. Str. Drain Enl., Phase II, Specs. 200C-954 - RHC Constr., Inc., Contractor Author: United States. Bureau of Reclamation, Kline, D.J. Year: 1978, 2009, 2007 P12-201-4568NA Klamath Project, OR-CA. Ady Canal -- Siphon hydrostatic test -- Plant FF. Water in CMP was held at head of 10" using 192 GMP Homelite pump regulated by means of valve on downstream side of a Tokheim water flow meter; April 6, 1978; USBR photo by D.J. Kline Title: Kl. Str. Drain Enl., Phase II, Specs. 200C-954 - RHC Constr., Inc., Contractor Author: United States. Bureau of Reclamation, Kline, D.J. Year: 1978, 2009, 2007 P12-201-4568NA Klamath Project, OR-CA. Ady Canal -- Siphon hydrostatic test -- Plant FF. Water in CMP was held at head of 10" using 192 GMP Homelite pump regulated by means of valve on downstream side of a Tokheim water flow meter; April 6, 1978; USBR photo by D.J. Kline

28. [Image] Shasta View Irrigation District R&B System - Inspection after Completion


	CN-12-201-524NA Klamath Project. Overall view of reservoir taken from regulating tank; May 15, 1975; USBR photo by D. W. Stein
	Citation Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Shasta View Irrigation District R&B System - Inspection after Completion Author: United States. Bureau of Reclamation, Stein, D.W. Year: 1975, 2010, 2007 CN-12-201-524NA Klamath Project. Overall view of reservoir taken from regulating tank; May 15, 1975; USBR photo by D. W. Stein Title: Shasta View Irrigation District R&B System - Inspection after Completion Author: United States. Bureau of Reclamation, Stein, D.W. Year: 1975, 2010, 2007 CN-12-201-524NA Klamath Project. Overall view of reservoir taken from regulating tank; May 15, 1975; USBR photo by D. W. Stein

29. [Image] Shasta View Irrigation District R&B System - Inspection after Completion


	CN-12-201-528NA Klamath Project. View of regulating tank; May 14, 1975; USBR photo by D. W. Stein
	Citation Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Shasta View Irrigation District R&B System - Inspection after Completion Author: United States. Bureau of Reclamation, Stein, D.W. Year: 1975, 2010, 2007 CN-12-201-528NA Klamath Project. View of regulating tank; May 14, 1975; USBR photo by D. W. Stein Title: Shasta View Irrigation District R&B System - Inspection after Completion Author: United States. Bureau of Reclamation, Stein, D.W. Year: 1975, 2010, 2007 CN-12-201-528NA Klamath Project. View of regulating tank; May 14, 1975; USBR photo by D. W. Stein

30. [Image] Aerial view looking upstream at Link River Diversion Dam on Link River at the head of the Klamath River, west of Klamath Falls, Oregon


	P-12-200-4026 NA Klamath Project, California-Oregon. The feature regulates flow from the Upper Klamath Lake Reservoir. It is a principal source of water supply for the project. The dam is a reinforced ...
	Citation Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Aerial view looking upstream at Link River Diversion Dam on Link River at the head of the Klamath River, west of Klamath Falls, Oregon Author: United States. Bureau of Reclamation, Dahilig, J.C. Year: 1975, 2009, 2006 P-12-200-4026 NA Klamath Project, California-Oregon. The feature regulates flow from the Upper Klamath Lake Reservoir. It is a principal source of water supply for the project. The dam is a reinforced concrete slab type structure 22 feet high and a crest length of 435 feet. The reservoir has a capacity of 873,000 acre-feet and is operated by the Pacific Power and Light Company, subject to Klamath Project rights; May 7, 1975; Bureau of Reclamation photo by J. C. Dahilig Title: Aerial view looking upstream at Link River Diversion Dam on Link River at the head of the Klamath River, west of Klamath Falls, Oregon Author: United States. Bureau of Reclamation, Dahilig, J.C. Year: 1975, 2009, 2006 P-12-200-4026 NA Klamath Project, California-Oregon. The feature regulates flow from the Upper Klamath Lake Reservoir. It is a principal source of water supply for the project. The dam is a reinforced concrete slab type structure 22 feet high and a crest length of 435 feet. The reservoir has a capacity of 873,000 acre-feet and is operated by the Pacific Power and Light Company, subject to Klamath Project rights; May 7, 1975; Bureau of Reclamation photo by J. C. Dahilig

31. [Image] Aerial view looking upstream at Link River Diversion Dam on Link River at the head of the Klamath River, west of Klamath Falls, Oregon


	P-12-200-4027 NA Klamath Project, California-Oregon. The feature regulates flow from the Upper Klamath Lake Reservoir. It is a principal source of water supply for the project. The dam is a reinforced ...
	Citation Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Aerial view looking upstream at Link River Diversion Dam on Link River at the head of the Klamath River, west of Klamath Falls, Oregon Author: United States. Bureau of Reclamation, Dahilig, J.C. Year: 1975, 2009, 2006 P-12-200-4027 NA Klamath Project, California-Oregon. The feature regulates flow from the Upper Klamath Lake Reservoir. It is a principal source of water supply for the project. The dam is a reinforced concrete slab type structure 22 feet high and a crest length of 435 feet. The reservoir has a capacity of 873,000 acre-feet and is operated by the Pacific Power and Light Company, subject to Klamath Project rights; May 7, 1975; Bureau of Reclamation photo by J. C. Dahilig Title: Aerial view looking upstream at Link River Diversion Dam on Link River at the head of the Klamath River, west of Klamath Falls, Oregon Author: United States. Bureau of Reclamation, Dahilig, J.C. Year: 1975, 2009, 2006 P-12-200-4027 NA Klamath Project, California-Oregon. The feature regulates flow from the Upper Klamath Lake Reservoir. It is a principal source of water supply for the project. The dam is a reinforced concrete slab type structure 22 feet high and a crest length of 435 feet. The reservoir has a capacity of 873,000 acre-feet and is operated by the Pacific Power and Light Company, subject to Klamath Project rights; May 7, 1975; Bureau of Reclamation photo by J. C. Dahilig

32. [Image] Trout Farming in Montana


	Due to the abundant supply of clean fresh water, many areas of Montana are natural locations for trout farming. Many trout ponds are planted and maintained privately for the sole use of the owner; however, ...
	Citation Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Trout Farming in Montana Author: Quarve, P.L. Year: 1973 Due to the abundant supply of clean fresh water, many areas of Montana are natural locations for trout farming. Many trout ponds are planted and maintained privately for the sole use of the owner; however, the opportunity exists for commercial trout farming in Montana. Some commercial trout farming is currently being done, but this is only a small fraction of what could be developed Title: Trout Farming in Montana Author: Quarve, P.L. Year: 1973 Due to the abundant supply of clean fresh water, many areas of Montana are natural locations for trout farming. Many trout ponds are planted and maintained privately for the sole use of the owner; however, the opportunity exists for commercial trout farming in Montana. Some commercial trout farming is currently being done, but this is only a small fraction of what could be developed

33. [Image] Legal and Institutional Impediments to Geothermal Energy Resource Development: A Bibliography


	This bibliography contains 485 referentes to literature on the subject of legal and institutional constraints to the develipment and use of geothermal energy resources. In addition to government-sponsored ...
	Citation Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Legal and Institutional Impediments to Geothermal Energy Resource Development: A Bibliography Author: Technical Information Center, United States Department of Energy Year: 1978 This bibliography contains 485 referentes to literature on the subject of legal and institutional constraints to the develipment and use of geothermal energy resources. In addition to government-sponsored reports, journal articles, and books, the bibliography includes specific state and Federal laws and regulations, court cases of interest, and conference proceedings Title: Legal and Institutional Impediments to Geothermal Energy Resource Development: A Bibliography Author: Technical Information Center, United States Department of Energy Year: 1978 This bibliography contains 485 referentes to literature on the subject of legal and institutional constraints to the develipment and use of geothermal energy resources. In addition to government-sponsored reports, journal articles, and books, the bibliography includes specific state and Federal laws and regulations, court cases of interest, and conference proceedings

34. [Image] Utah Geothermal Commercialization Project, Final Report April 1979 - March 1985


	This report summarizes the results of these tasks and references the specific reports in which they can be found. The benefits of the project to the state are discussed, including the passage of state ...
	Citation Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Utah Geothermal Commercialization Project, Final Report April 1979 - March 1985 Author: Division of Water Rights Year: 1985 This report summarizes the results of these tasks and references the specific reports in which they can be found. The benefits of the project to the state are discussed, including the passage of state legislation dealing with the regulation of geothermal development in the state, and providing a source of information and assistance within the state for potential developers Title: Utah Geothermal Commercialization Project, Final Report April 1979 - March 1985 Author: Division of Water Rights Year: 1985 This report summarizes the results of these tasks and references the specific reports in which they can be found. The benefits of the project to the state are discussed, including the passage of state legislation dealing with the regulation of geothermal development in the state, and providing a source of information and assistance within the state for potential developers

35. [Image] Geothermal Progress Monitor Report No. 2, January/February 1980


	Progress is reviewed in the following aspects of the program: electrical uses; direct-heat uses; leases; outreach and technical assistance; general activities; legal, institutional, and regulatory activities; ...
	Citation Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Geothermal Progress Monitor Report No. 2, January/February 1980 Author: Assistant Secretary for Resource Applications, Division of Geothermal Resource Management Year: 1980 Progress is reviewed in the following aspects of the program: electrical uses; direct-heat uses; leases; outreach and technical assistance; general activities; legal, institutional, and regulatory activities; and reports and publications (MHR) Title: Geothermal Progress Monitor Report No. 2, January/February 1980 Author: Assistant Secretary for Resource Applications, Division of Geothermal Resource Management Year: 1980 Progress is reviewed in the following aspects of the program: electrical uses; direct-heat uses; leases; outreach and technical assistance; general activities; legal, institutional, and regulatory activities; and reports and publications (MHR)

36. [Image] Trout studies and a stream survey of Crater Lake National Park, Oregon


	Ill., map; Typescript; Map of Crater Lake National Park and vicinity, issued by the U.S. Geological Survey, edition of 1946; Thesis (M.S.)--Oregon State College, 1948; Includes bibliographical references ...
	Citation Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Trout studies and a stream survey of Crater Lake National Park, Oregon Author: Wallis, O. L. Year: 1948, 2008 Ill., map; Typescript; Map of Crater Lake National Park and vicinity, issued by the U.S. Geological Survey, edition of 1946; Thesis (M.S.)--Oregon State College, 1948; Includes bibliographical references (leaves 118-120) Title: Trout studies and a stream survey of Crater Lake National Park, Oregon Author: Wallis, O. L. Year: 1948, 2008 Ill., map; Typescript; Map of Crater Lake National Park and vicinity, issued by the U.S. Geological Survey, edition of 1946; Thesis (M.S.)--Oregon State College, 1948; Includes bibliographical references (leaves 118-120)

37. [Image] General information regarding Crater Lake National Park, Oregon


	Maps; Two folded maps laid in; Cover title: Crater Lake National Park, Oregon; Includes bibliographical references (p. 26-7)
	Citation Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: General information regarding Crater Lake National Park, Oregon Author: United States, National Park Service Year: 1933, 2008 Maps; Two folded maps laid in; Cover title: Crater Lake National Park, Oregon; Includes bibliographical references (p. 26-7) Title: General information regarding Crater Lake National Park, Oregon Author: United States, National Park Service Year: 1933, 2008 Maps; Two folded maps laid in; Cover title: Crater Lake National Park, Oregon; Includes bibliographical references (p. 26-7)

38. [Image] The Water Report - Klamath water bank OR


	Only portions of issues of The Water Report are available in the Klamath Waters Digital Library. See the full report at http://www.thewaterreport.com/
	Citation Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The Water Report - Klamath water bank OR Author: Envirotech Publications Year: 2005, 2008, 2006 Only portions of issues of The Water Report are available in the Klamath Waters Digital Library. See the full report at http://www.thewaterreport.com/ Title: The Water Report - Klamath water bank OR Author: Envirotech Publications Year: 2005, 2008, 2006 Only portions of issues of The Water Report are available in the Klamath Waters Digital Library. See the full report at http://www.thewaterreport.com/

39. [Image] Failure Analysis Report: Geothermal Heating System Components, Oregon Institute of Technology, Klamath Falls, Oregon


	The results are presented of an examination of 17 samples obtained from various components of the subject geothermal heating system. The samples obtained for this study were selected to represent the several ...
	Citation Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Failure Analysis Report: Geothermal Heating System Components, Oregon Institute of Technology, Klamath Falls, Oregon Author: Mitchell, D.A. Year: 1979 The results are presented of an examination of 17 samples obtained from various components of the subject geothermal heating system. The samples obtained for this study were selected to represent the several materials of construction and equipment ages of the various components in this system. For purposes of this report, the samples have been grouped into three categories by material: ferrous, non-ferrous and non-metallic. Failures in these components have taken the form of leakage at solder joints, tubing perforation, scaling, or valve seizure. Most components evaluated in this examination have been in service for 14 years. This work documents these failures, discusses their causes and recommends possible remedial action Title: Failure Analysis Report: Geothermal Heating System Components, Oregon Institute of Technology, Klamath Falls, Oregon Author: Mitchell, D.A. Year: 1979 The results are presented of an examination of 17 samples obtained from various components of the subject geothermal heating system. The samples obtained for this study were selected to represent the several materials of construction and equipment ages of the various components in this system. For purposes of this report, the samples have been grouped into three categories by material: ferrous, non-ferrous and non-metallic. Failures in these components have taken the form of leakage at solder joints, tubing perforation, scaling, or valve seizure. Most components evaluated in this examination have been in service for 14 years. This work documents these failures, discusses their causes and recommends possible remedial action

40. [Image] A Guide to Geothermal Energy and the Environment


	Geothermal energy, defined as heat from the Earth, is a statute-recognized renewable resource. The first U.S. geothermal power plant, opened at The Geysers in California in 1960, continues to operate successfully. ...
	Citation Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: A Guide to Geothermal Energy and the Environment Author: Kagel, A. Year: 2005 Geothermal energy, defined as heat from the Earth, is a statute-recognized renewable resource. The first U.S. geothermal power plant, opened at The Geysers in California in 1960, continues to operate successfully. The United States, as the world's largest producer of geothermal electricity, generates an average of 15 billion kilowatt hours of power per year, comparable to burning close to 25 million barrels of oil or 6 million short tons of coal per year Title: A Guide to Geothermal Energy and the Environment Author: Kagel, A. Year: 2005 Geothermal energy, defined as heat from the Earth, is a statute-recognized renewable resource. The first U.S. geothermal power plant, opened at The Geysers in California in 1960, continues to operate successfully. The United States, as the world's largest producer of geothermal electricity, generates an average of 15 billion kilowatt hours of power per year, comparable to burning close to 25 million barrels of oil or 6 million short tons of coal per year

41. [Image] Alternative Institutional Vehicles for Geothermal District Heating


	The attributes of various institutional entities which might participate in various phases of geothermal heating applications are described. Public entities considered include cities, counties, and special ...
	Citation Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Alternative Institutional Vehicles for Geothermal District Heating Author: Bressler, S. Year: 1980 The attributes of various institutional entities which might participate in various phases of geothermal heating applications are described. Public entities considered include cities, counties, and special districts. Private entities discussed include cooperative organizations and non-member-owned private enterprises. The powers, authority and manner of operation of each of the institutional entities are reviewed. Some of the public utility regulatory implications which may affect choices among available alternatives are considered (MHR) Title: Alternative Institutional Vehicles for Geothermal District Heating Author: Bressler, S. Year: 1980 The attributes of various institutional entities which might participate in various phases of geothermal heating applications are described. Public entities considered include cities, counties, and special districts. Private entities discussed include cooperative organizations and non-member-owned private enterprises. The powers, authority and manner of operation of each of the institutional entities are reviewed. Some of the public utility regulatory implications which may affect choices among available alternatives are considered (MHR)

42. [Image] Geothermal power plant investment decisions. Interim report, June 1-November 30, 1979


	Investment decisions for financing the construction of geothermal power plants are discussed. Discussed here are the investment objectives of investor-owned electric utilities, municipal electric utilities, ...
	Citation Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Geothermal power plant investment decisions. Interim report, June 1-November 30, 1979 Author: Cassel, T.A.V Year: 1979 Investment decisions for financing the construction of geothermal power plants are discussed. Discussed here are the investment objectives of investor-owned electric utilities, municipal electric utilities, and potential third party financiers as determined from extensive reviews of literature, executive interviews and responses to mailed surveys. The framework is provided for a computerized quantitative decision model currently being developed at Technecon for investment and policy analysis applications. (MHR); COO-27242-1 Title: Geothermal power plant investment decisions. Interim report, June 1-November 30, 1979 Author: Cassel, T.A.V Year: 1979 Investment decisions for financing the construction of geothermal power plants are discussed. Discussed here are the investment objectives of investor-owned electric utilities, municipal electric utilities, and potential third party financiers as determined from extensive reviews of literature, executive interviews and responses to mailed surveys. The framework is provided for a computerized quantitative decision model currently being developed at Technecon for investment and policy analysis applications. (MHR); COO-27242-1

43. [Image] Direct utilization of geothermal energy: a technical handbook


	This technical handbook includes comprehensive discussions on nature and occurrence of the geothermal resource, its development, utilization, economics, financing, and regulation. Information on pricing ...
	Citation Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Direct utilization of geothermal energy: a technical handbook Author: Anderson, D.N. (ed.) Year: 1979 This technical handbook includes comprehensive discussions on nature and occurrence of the geothermal resource, its development, utilization, economics, financing, and regulation. Information on pricing parameters for the direct use of geothermal energy is included as an appendix. (MRH); DOE/ET/27256-T9 Title: Direct utilization of geothermal energy: a technical handbook Author: Anderson, D.N. (ed.) Year: 1979 This technical handbook includes comprehensive discussions on nature and occurrence of the geothermal resource, its development, utilization, economics, financing, and regulation. Information on pricing parameters for the direct use of geothermal energy is included as an appendix. (MRH); DOE/ET/27256-T9

44. [Image] Geothermal energy in Nevada


	The nature of goethermal resources in Nevada and resource applications are discussed. The social and economic advantages of utilizing geothermal energy are outlined. Federal and State programs established ...
	Citation Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Geothermal energy in Nevada Year: 1980 The nature of goethermal resources in Nevada and resource applications are discussed. The social and economic advantages of utilizing geothermal energy are outlined. Federal and State programs established to foster the development of geothermal energy are discussed. The names, addresses, and phone numbers of various organizations actively involved in research, regulation, and the development of geothermal energy are included. (MHR); DOE/RA/50075-T12 Title: Geothermal energy in Nevada Year: 1980 The nature of goethermal resources in Nevada and resource applications are discussed. The social and economic advantages of utilizing geothermal energy are outlined. Federal and State programs established to foster the development of geothermal energy are discussed. The names, addresses, and phone numbers of various organizations actively involved in research, regulation, and the development of geothermal energy are included. (MHR); DOE/RA/50075-T12

45. [Image] Failure Analysis Report: Geothermal Heating System Components, Oregon Institute of Technology, Klamath Falls, Oregon


	The results are presented of an examination of 17 samples obtained from various components of the subject geothermal heating system. The samples obtained for this study were selected to represent the several ...
	Citation Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Failure Analysis Report: Geothermal Heating System Components, Oregon Institute of Technology, Klamath Falls, Oregon Author: Mitchell, D.A. Year: 1979 The results are presented of an examination of 17 samples obtained from various components of the subject geothermal heating system. The samples obtained for this study were selected to represent the several materials of construction and equipment ages of the various components in this system. For purposes of this report, the samples have been grouped into three categories by material: ferrous, non-ferrous and non-metallic. Failures in these components have taken the form of leakage at solder joints, tubing perforation, scaling, or valve seizure. Most components evaluated in this examination have been in service for 14 years. This work documents these failures, discusses their causes and recommends possible remedial action Title: Failure Analysis Report: Geothermal Heating System Components, Oregon Institute of Technology, Klamath Falls, Oregon Author: Mitchell, D.A. Year: 1979 The results are presented of an examination of 17 samples obtained from various components of the subject geothermal heating system. The samples obtained for this study were selected to represent the several materials of construction and equipment ages of the various components in this system. For purposes of this report, the samples have been grouped into three categories by material: ferrous, non-ferrous and non-metallic. Failures in these components have taken the form of leakage at solder joints, tubing perforation, scaling, or valve seizure. Most components evaluated in this examination have been in service for 14 years. This work documents these failures, discusses their causes and recommends possible remedial action

46. [Image] State Government Workshop on Barriers and Incentives of Geothermal Energy Resources. Quarterly Report, May 1, 1978-July 31, 1978


	The National Conference of State Legislatures' Geothermal Policy Project concentrated its efforts in two areas: (1) state activities and (2) development of project materials. Six states were to participate ...
	Citation Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: State Government Workshop on Barriers and Incentives of Geothermal Energy Resources. Quarterly Report, May 1, 1978-July 31, 1978 Author: Harris, R.C. Year: 1978 The National Conference of State Legislatures' Geothermal Policy Project concentrated its efforts in two areas: (1) state activities and (2) development of project materials. Six states were to participate in the project during its first year: Delaware, Hawaii, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah and Virginia. The project pamphlet, a final draft of the Issue Paper and the review of state statutes and regulations were completed. Project activities are also discussed in the following areas: publicity, liaison activities, professional papers, and conferences Title: State Government Workshop on Barriers and Incentives of Geothermal Energy Resources. Quarterly Report, May 1, 1978-July 31, 1978 Author: Harris, R.C. Year: 1978 The National Conference of State Legislatures' Geothermal Policy Project concentrated its efforts in two areas: (1) state activities and (2) development of project materials. Six states were to participate in the project during its first year: Delaware, Hawaii, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah and Virginia. The project pamphlet, a final draft of the Issue Paper and the review of state statutes and regulations were completed. Project activities are also discussed in the following areas: publicity, liaison activities, professional papers, and conferences

47. [Image] Approaches and Practice of Environmental Sustainability in Manufacturing Industry


	Topics on sustainable manufacturing, and, use of environmentally friendly treatment and resource recovery are currently very important issues for governments and industries worldwide. Environmental regulations ...
	Citation Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Approaches and Practice of Environmental Sustainability in Manufacturing Industry Author: Khanam, Most Aiasha Year: 2014 Topics on sustainable manufacturing, and, use of environmentally friendly treatment and resource recovery are currently very important issues for governments and industries worldwide. Environmental regulations for technical products currently focus on recycling ratios and prohibition of toxic materials. The concept of creating more use-productivity (the output of a product in relation to the materials, labor, etc.) with less resource consumption has considerable potential to a sustainable society. Sustainability in manufacturing can be defined as the application of scientific and technical knowledge to satisfy human needs in different societal frames without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. Hence, the objective of this thesis is to identify a research and development plan for sustainable manufacturing focusing on enhancing use-productivity. Core research fields are identified, and finally their technology road maps are developed. Environmental Sustainability is an increasingly common theme in the business and trade press, at conferences, and in everyday conversation. Sustainable manufacturing practices are just as important as using sustainable materials. Any sustainable manufacturing process begins at the very first starting point: design. The product should be designed in such a way that makes it efficient, user friendly, durable and easily recycled. The manufacturing process should employ a renewable energy source. This thesis describes approaches, practices, green tools, and road map for sustainable manufacturing. Title: Approaches and Practice of Environmental Sustainability in Manufacturing Industry Author: Khanam, Most Aiasha Year: 2014 Topics on sustainable manufacturing, and, use of environmentally friendly treatment and resource recovery are currently very important issues for governments and industries worldwide. Environmental regulations for technical products currently focus on recycling ratios and prohibition of toxic materials. The concept of creating more use-productivity (the output of a product in relation to the materials, labor, etc.) with less resource consumption has considerable potential to a sustainable society. Sustainability in manufacturing can be defined as the application of scientific and technical knowledge to satisfy human needs in different societal frames without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. Hence, the objective of this thesis is to identify a research and development plan for sustainable manufacturing focusing on enhancing use-productivity. Core research fields are identified, and finally their technology road maps are developed. Environmental Sustainability is an increasingly common theme in the business and trade press, at conferences, and in everyday conversation. Sustainable manufacturing practices are just as important as using sustainable materials. Any sustainable manufacturing process begins at the very first starting point: design. The product should be designed in such a way that makes it efficient, user friendly, durable and easily recycled. The manufacturing process should employ a renewable energy source. This thesis describes approaches, practices, green tools, and road map for sustainable manufacturing.

48. [Image] Institutional Barriers To Geothermal Energy Development: Third Report of The Institutional Barrier Panel to the Interagency Geothermal Coordinating Council


	Since the last report of the Institutional Barrier Panel (December 21, 1976), the federal energy establishment has been reorganized and a National Energy Plan proposed there has been some progress toward ...
	Citation Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Institutional Barriers To Geothermal Energy Development: Third Report of The Institutional Barrier Panel to the Interagency Geothermal Coordinating Council Author: Stephens, R. C. Year: 1978 Since the last report of the Institutional Barrier Panel (December 21, 1976), the federal energy establishment has been reorganized and a National Energy Plan proposed there has been some progress toward resolution of the major institutional impediments with which the panel has concerned itself, but little in the way of final resolution, as can be seen from the discussion in this report. However, in the two most severe problem areas, Federal Tax Policy and Federal Leasing and Permitting, initiatives proposed in the National Energy Plan are nearing implementation Title: Institutional Barriers To Geothermal Energy Development: Third Report of The Institutional Barrier Panel to the Interagency Geothermal Coordinating Council Author: Stephens, R. C. Year: 1978 Since the last report of the Institutional Barrier Panel (December 21, 1976), the federal energy establishment has been reorganized and a National Energy Plan proposed there has been some progress toward resolution of the major institutional impediments with which the panel has concerned itself, but little in the way of final resolution, as can be seen from the discussion in this report. However, in the two most severe problem areas, Federal Tax Policy and Federal Leasing and Permitting, initiatives proposed in the National Energy Plan are nearing implementation

49. [Image] Klamath Falls, Oregon - Special recognition of 50th anniversary of constructing Link River Dam


	P12-200-2903NA - Klamath Project - Klamath Falls, Oregon. Special recognition of 50th anniversary of constructing Link River Dam and highly successful cooperation in operating the Dam and Reservoir. View ...
	Citation Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Klamath Falls, Oregon - Special recognition of 50th anniversary of constructing Link River Dam Author: United States. Bureau of Reclamation, Lawrence, C.D. Year: 1972, 2008, 2006 P12-200-2903NA - Klamath Project - Klamath Falls, Oregon. Special recognition of 50th anniversary of constructing Link River Dam and highly successful cooperation in operating the Dam and Reservoir. View of visitors on "nature trail" near right abutment of Link River Dam. Right to left are: R. J. Pafford, Jr., Regional Director, Sacramento; Cecil Hunt, President, Klamath Basin Water Users Protective Association; and W. L. Scholtes, District Manager, Pacific Power & Light Company. The inscription on the marker reads: " In recognition of more than fifty years of cooperation by Pacific Power & Light Company, United States Bureau of Reclamation, and Waters Users in regulating and utilizing the water resources for the KLAMATH PROJECT."; May 8, 1972; Bureau of Reclamation photo by C. D. Lawrence Title: Klamath Falls, Oregon - Special recognition of 50th anniversary of constructing Link River Dam Author: United States. Bureau of Reclamation, Lawrence, C.D. Year: 1972, 2008, 2006 P12-200-2903NA - Klamath Project - Klamath Falls, Oregon. Special recognition of 50th anniversary of constructing Link River Dam and highly successful cooperation in operating the Dam and Reservoir. View of visitors on "nature trail" near right abutment of Link River Dam. Right to left are: R. J. Pafford, Jr., Regional Director, Sacramento; Cecil Hunt, President, Klamath Basin Water Users Protective Association; and W. L. Scholtes, District Manager, Pacific Power & Light Company. The inscription on the marker reads: " In recognition of more than fifty years of cooperation by Pacific Power & Light Company, United States Bureau of Reclamation, and Waters Users in regulating and utilizing the water resources for the KLAMATH PROJECT."; May 8, 1972; Bureau of Reclamation photo by C. D. Lawrence

50. [Image] Aerial view looking upstream at Link River Diversion Dam on Link River at the head of the Klamath River, west of Klamath Falls, Oregon


	P-12-200-4239 NA Klamath Project, California-Oregon. The feature regulates flow from the Upper Klamath Lake Reservoir. It is a principle source of water supply for the project. The dam is a reinforced ...
	Citation Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Aerial view looking upstream at Link River Diversion Dam on Link River at the head of the Klamath River, west of Klamath Falls, Oregon Author: United States. Bureau of Reclamation, Dahilig, J.C. Year: 1976, 2009, 2007 P-12-200-4239 NA Klamath Project, California-Oregon. The feature regulates flow from the Upper Klamath Lake Reservoir. It is a principle source of water supply for the project. The dam is a reinforced concrete slab type structure 22 feet high and has a crest length of 435 feet. The reservoir has a capacity of 873,000 acre-feet and is operated by the Pacific Power and Light Company, subject to Klamath Project rights; September 29, 1976; Bureau of Reclamation photo by J. C. Dahilig Title: Aerial view looking upstream at Link River Diversion Dam on Link River at the head of the Klamath River, west of Klamath Falls, Oregon Author: United States. Bureau of Reclamation, Dahilig, J.C. Year: 1976, 2009, 2007 P-12-200-4239 NA Klamath Project, California-Oregon. The feature regulates flow from the Upper Klamath Lake Reservoir. It is a principle source of water supply for the project. The dam is a reinforced concrete slab type structure 22 feet high and has a crest length of 435 feet. The reservoir has a capacity of 873,000 acre-feet and is operated by the Pacific Power and Light Company, subject to Klamath Project rights; September 29, 1976; Bureau of Reclamation photo by J. C. Dahilig

51. [Image] Aerial view looking upstrean at Link River Diversion Dam on Link River at the head of the Klamath River, west of Klamath Falls, Oregon


	P-12-200-4240 NA Klamath Project, California-Oregon. The feature regulates flow from the Upper Klamath Lake Reservoir. It is a principle source of water supply for the project. The dam is a reinforced ...
	Citation Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Aerial view looking upstrean at Link River Diversion Dam on Link River at the head of the Klamath River, west of Klamath Falls, Oregon Author: United States. Bureau of Reclamation, Dahilig, J.C. Year: 1976, 2009, 2007 P-12-200-4240 NA Klamath Project, California-Oregon. The feature regulates flow from the Upper Klamath Lake Reservoir. It is a principle source of water supply for the project. The dam is a reinforced concrete slab type structure 22 feet high and has a crest length of 435 feet. The reservoir has a capacity of 873,000 acre-feet and is operated by the Pacific Power and Light Company, subject to Klamath Project rights; September 29, 1976; Bureau of Reclamation photo by J. C. Dahilig Title: Aerial view looking upstrean at Link River Diversion Dam on Link River at the head of the Klamath River, west of Klamath Falls, Oregon Author: United States. Bureau of Reclamation, Dahilig, J.C. Year: 1976, 2009, 2007 P-12-200-4240 NA Klamath Project, California-Oregon. The feature regulates flow from the Upper Klamath Lake Reservoir. It is a principle source of water supply for the project. The dam is a reinforced concrete slab type structure 22 feet high and has a crest length of 435 feet. The reservoir has a capacity of 873,000 acre-feet and is operated by the Pacific Power and Light Company, subject to Klamath Project rights; September 29, 1976; Bureau of Reclamation photo by J. C. Dahilig

52. [Image] Aerial view looking upstream at Link River Diversion Dam on Link River at the head of the Klamath River, west of Klamath Falls, Oregon


	P-12-200-4261 NA Klamath Project, California-Oregon. The feature regulates flow from the Upper Klamath Lake Reservoir. It is a principal source of water supply for the project. The dam is a reinforced ...
	Citation Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Aerial view looking upstream at Link River Diversion Dam on Link River at the head of the Klamath River, west of Klamath Falls, Oregon Author: United States. Bureau of Reclamation, Dahilig, J.C. Year: 1978, 2009, 2007 P-12-200-4261 NA Klamath Project, California-Oregon. The feature regulates flow from the Upper Klamath Lake Reservoir. It is a principal source of water supply for the project. The dam is a reinforced concrete slab type structure 22 feet high and has a crest length of 435 feet. The reservoir has a capacity of 873,000 acre-feet and is operated by the Pacific Power and Light Company, subject to Klamath Project rights; June 23, 1978; Bureau of Reclamation photo by J. C. Dahilig Title: Aerial view looking upstream at Link River Diversion Dam on Link River at the head of the Klamath River, west of Klamath Falls, Oregon Author: United States. Bureau of Reclamation, Dahilig, J.C. Year: 1978, 2009, 2007 P-12-200-4261 NA Klamath Project, California-Oregon. The feature regulates flow from the Upper Klamath Lake Reservoir. It is a principal source of water supply for the project. The dam is a reinforced concrete slab type structure 22 feet high and has a crest length of 435 feet. The reservoir has a capacity of 873,000 acre-feet and is operated by the Pacific Power and Light Company, subject to Klamath Project rights; June 23, 1978; Bureau of Reclamation photo by J. C. Dahilig

53. [Image] Aerial view looking upstream at Link River Diversion Dam on Link River at the head of the Klamath River, west of Klamath Falls, Oregon


	P-12-200-4262 NA Klamath Project, California-Oregon. The feature regulates flow from the Upper Klamath Lake Reservoir. It is a principal source of water supply for the project. The dam is a reinforced ...
	Citation Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Aerial view looking upstream at Link River Diversion Dam on Link River at the head of the Klamath River, west of Klamath Falls, Oregon Author: United States. Bureau of Reclamation, Dahilig, J.C. Year: 1978, 2009, 2007 P-12-200-4262 NA Klamath Project, California-Oregon. The feature regulates flow from the Upper Klamath Lake Reservoir. It is a principal source of water supply for the project. The dam is a reinforced concrete slab type structure 22 feet high and has a crest length of 435 feet. The reservoir has a capacity of 873,000 acre-feet and is operated by the Pacific Power and Light Company, subject to Klamath Project rights; June 23, 1978; Bureau of Reclamation photo by J. C. Dahilig Title: Aerial view looking upstream at Link River Diversion Dam on Link River at the head of the Klamath River, west of Klamath Falls, Oregon Author: United States. Bureau of Reclamation, Dahilig, J.C. Year: 1978, 2009, 2007 P-12-200-4262 NA Klamath Project, California-Oregon. The feature regulates flow from the Upper Klamath Lake Reservoir. It is a principal source of water supply for the project. The dam is a reinforced concrete slab type structure 22 feet high and has a crest length of 435 feet. The reservoir has a capacity of 873,000 acre-feet and is operated by the Pacific Power and Light Company, subject to Klamath Project rights; June 23, 1978; Bureau of Reclamation photo by J. C. Dahilig

54. [Image] Aerial view looking upstream at Link River Diversion Dam on Link River at the head of the Klamath River, west of Klamath Falls, Oregon


	P-12-200-4263 NA Klamath Project, California-Oregon. The feature regulates flow from the Upper Klamath Lake Reservoir. It is a principal source of water supply for the project. The dam is a reinforced ...
	Citation Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Aerial view looking upstream at Link River Diversion Dam on Link River at the head of the Klamath River, west of Klamath Falls, Oregon Author: United States. Bureau of Reclamation, Dahilig, J.C. Year: 1978, 2009, 2007 P-12-200-4263 NA Klamath Project, California-Oregon. The feature regulates flow from the Upper Klamath Lake Reservoir. It is a principal source of water supply for the project. The dam is a reinforced concrete slab type structure 22 feet high and has a crest length of 435 feet. The reservoir has a capacity of 873,000 acre-feet and is operated by the Pacific Power and Light Company, subject to Klamath Project rights; June 23, 1978; Bureau of Reclamation photo by J. C. Dahilig Title: Aerial view looking upstream at Link River Diversion Dam on Link River at the head of the Klamath River, west of Klamath Falls, Oregon Author: United States. Bureau of Reclamation, Dahilig, J.C. Year: 1978, 2009, 2007 P-12-200-4263 NA Klamath Project, California-Oregon. The feature regulates flow from the Upper Klamath Lake Reservoir. It is a principal source of water supply for the project. The dam is a reinforced concrete slab type structure 22 feet high and has a crest length of 435 feet. The reservoir has a capacity of 873,000 acre-feet and is operated by the Pacific Power and Light Company, subject to Klamath Project rights; June 23, 1978; Bureau of Reclamation photo by J. C. Dahilig

55. [Image] Federal Register - Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Definition of "Harm"


	This final rule defines the term "harm", which is contained in the definition of "take" in the Endangered Species Act (ESA). The purpose of this rulemaking is to clarify the type of actions that may result ...
	Citation Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Federal Register - Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Definition of "Harm" Year: 1999, 2008, 2005 This final rule defines the term "harm", which is contained in the definition of "take" in the Endangered Species Act (ESA). The purpose of this rulemaking is to clarify the type of actions that may result in a take of a listed species under the ESA. This final rule is not a change in existing law. It provides clear notification to the public that habitat modification or degradation may harm listed species and, therefore, constitutes a take under the ESA as well as ensuring consistency between NMFS and the Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS). This final rule defines the term "harm" to include any act which actually kills or injures fish or wildlife, and emphasizes that such acts may include significant habitat modification or degradation that significantly impairs essential behavioral patterns of fish or wildlife Title: Federal Register - Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Definition of "Harm" Year: 1999, 2008, 2005 This final rule defines the term "harm", which is contained in the definition of "take" in the Endangered Species Act (ESA). The purpose of this rulemaking is to clarify the type of actions that may result in a take of a listed species under the ESA. This final rule is not a change in existing law. It provides clear notification to the public that habitat modification or degradation may harm listed species and, therefore, constitutes a take under the ESA as well as ensuring consistency between NMFS and the Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS). This final rule defines the term "harm" to include any act which actually kills or injures fish or wildlife, and emphasizes that such acts may include significant habitat modification or degradation that significantly impairs essential behavioral patterns of fish or wildlife

56. [Image] An examination of the Klamath Basin crisis : restructuring the discourse within an identity-based framework


	Thesis (B.A.) -- Whitman College, 2002; Includes bibliographical references (leaves 79-83)
	Citation Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: An examination of the Klamath Basin crisis : restructuring the discourse within an identity-based framework Author: Dornsife, Alison M. Year: 2002, 2005, 2004 Thesis (B.A.) -- Whitman College, 2002; Includes bibliographical references (leaves 79-83) Title: An examination of the Klamath Basin crisis : restructuring the discourse within an identity-based framework Author: Dornsife, Alison M. Year: 2002, 2005, 2004 Thesis (B.A.) -- Whitman College, 2002; Includes bibliographical references (leaves 79-83)

57. [Image] State Taxation of Other Energy Minerals Compared with State Taxation of Geothermal Resources


	Comparisons of state taxation on the energy minerals (coal, oil shale, uranium, oil, and natural gas) to that of geothermal energy in six western states (California, New Mexico, Utah, Idaho, Nevada, and ...
	Citation Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: State Taxation of Other Energy Minerals Compared with State Taxation of Geothermal Resources Author: Wagner, S.C. Year: 1977 Comparisons of state taxation on the energy minerals (coal, oil shale, uranium, oil, and natural gas) to that of geothermal energy in six western states (California, New Mexico, Utah, Idaho, Nevada, and Oregon) are given for planning economics of geothermal resource development. Separate sections include: property taxes; severance taxes; corporate franchise; income and excise taxes; oil and gas production or conservation taxes. An appendix of geothermal resources and by-products definitions is included and tax charts are arranged by state and by type of tax. (PCS) Title: State Taxation of Other Energy Minerals Compared with State Taxation of Geothermal Resources Author: Wagner, S.C. Year: 1977 Comparisons of state taxation on the energy minerals (coal, oil shale, uranium, oil, and natural gas) to that of geothermal energy in six western states (California, New Mexico, Utah, Idaho, Nevada, and Oregon) are given for planning economics of geothermal resource development. Separate sections include: property taxes; severance taxes; corporate franchise; income and excise taxes; oil and gas production or conservation taxes. An appendix of geothermal resources and by-products definitions is included and tax charts are arranged by state and by type of tax. (PCS)

58. [Image] Geothermal Loan Guaranty Program and its impact on geothermal exploration and development


	The study showed that the Geothermal Loan Guaranty Program has had only a negligible effect on geothermal development and the response to the program was far less than expected. The streamlining of environmental ...
	Citation Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Geothermal Loan Guaranty Program and its impact on geothermal exploration and development Author: Nasr, L.H. Year: 1978 The study showed that the Geothermal Loan Guaranty Program has had only a negligible effect on geothermal development and the response to the program was far less than expected. The streamlining of environmental regulations and leasing policies, and the granting of intangible drilling cost write-offs and depletion allowances to operators would have had a greater impact on geothermal energy development. The loan guaranty program did not promote the undertaking of any new projects that would not have been undertaken without it. The program only accelerated the pace for some development which might have commenced in the future. Included in the study are recommendations for improving the operation of the program thereby increasing its attractiveness to potential applicants; COO-4635-1 Title: Geothermal Loan Guaranty Program and its impact on geothermal exploration and development Author: Nasr, L.H. Year: 1978 The study showed that the Geothermal Loan Guaranty Program has had only a negligible effect on geothermal development and the response to the program was far less than expected. The streamlining of environmental regulations and leasing policies, and the granting of intangible drilling cost write-offs and depletion allowances to operators would have had a greater impact on geothermal energy development. The loan guaranty program did not promote the undertaking of any new projects that would not have been undertaken without it. The program only accelerated the pace for some development which might have commenced in the future. Included in the study are recommendations for improving the operation of the program thereby increasing its attractiveness to potential applicants; COO-4635-1

59. [Image] Geothermal Power Development in Hawaii. Volume I. Review and Analysis


	The history of geothermal exploration in Hawaii is reviewed briefly. The nature and occurrences of geothermal resources are presented island by island. An overview of geothermal markets is presented. Other ...
	Citation Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Geothermal Power Development in Hawaii. Volume I. Review and Analysis Author: Department of Planning and Economic Development Year: 1982 The history of geothermal exploration in Hawaii is reviewed briefly. The nature and occurrences of geothermal resources are presented island by island. An overview of geothermal markets is presented. Other topics covered are: potential markets of the identified geothermal areas, well drilling technology, hydrothermal fluid transport, overland and submarine electrical transmission, community aspects of geothermal development, legal and policy issues associated with mineral and land ownership, logistics and infrastructure, legislation and permitting, land use controls, Regulation 8, Public Utilities Commission, political climate and environment, state plans, county plans, geothermal development risks, and business planning guidelines Title: Geothermal Power Development in Hawaii. Volume I. Review and Analysis Author: Department of Planning and Economic Development Year: 1982 The history of geothermal exploration in Hawaii is reviewed briefly. The nature and occurrences of geothermal resources are presented island by island. An overview of geothermal markets is presented. Other topics covered are: potential markets of the identified geothermal areas, well drilling technology, hydrothermal fluid transport, overland and submarine electrical transmission, community aspects of geothermal development, legal and policy issues associated with mineral and land ownership, logistics and infrastructure, legislation and permitting, land use controls, Regulation 8, Public Utilities Commission, political climate and environment, state plans, county plans, geothermal development risks, and business planning guidelines

60. [Image] Geothermal Progress Monitor Report No. 11, December 1989


	This issue of the Geothermal Progress Monitor (GPM) is the 11th since the inception of the publication in 1980. It continues to synthesize information on all aspects of geothermal development in this country ...
	Citation Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Geothermal Progress Monitor Report No. 11, December 1989 Author: Assistant Secretary for Conservation and Renewable Energy, Geothermal Teahnology Division Year: 1989 This issue of the Geothermal Progress Monitor (GPM) is the 11th since the inception of the publication in 1980. It continues to synthesize information on all aspects of geothermal development in this country and abroad to permit identification and quantification of trends in the use of this energy technology. In addition, the GPM is a mechanism for transferring current information on geothermal technology development to the private sector, and, over time, provides a historical record for those interested in the development pathway of the resource. In sum, the Department of Energy makes the GPM available to the many diverse interests that make up the geothermal community for the multiple uses it may serve. This issue of the GPM points up very clearly how closely knit many of those diverse interests have become. It might well be called an international issue'' since many of its pages are devoted to news of geothermal development abroad, to the efforts of the US industry to participate in overseas development, to the support given those efforts by federal and state agencies, and to the formation of the International Geothermal Association (IGA). All of these events indicate that the geothermal community has become truly international in character, an occurrence that can only enhance the future of geothermal energy as a major source of energy supply worldwide. 15 figs. Title: Geothermal Progress Monitor Report No. 11, December 1989 Author: Assistant Secretary for Conservation and Renewable Energy, Geothermal Teahnology Division Year: 1989 This issue of the Geothermal Progress Monitor (GPM) is the 11th since the inception of the publication in 1980. It continues to synthesize information on all aspects of geothermal development in this country and abroad to permit identification and quantification of trends in the use of this energy technology. In addition, the GPM is a mechanism for transferring current information on geothermal technology development to the private sector, and, over time, provides a historical record for those interested in the development pathway of the resource. In sum, the Department of Energy makes the GPM available to the many diverse interests that make up the geothermal community for the multiple uses it may serve. This issue of the GPM points up very clearly how closely knit many of those diverse interests have become. It might well be called an international issue'' since many of its pages are devoted to news of geothermal development abroad, to the efforts of the US industry to participate in overseas development, to the support given those efforts by federal and state agencies, and to the formation of the International Geothermal Association (IGA). All of these events indicate that the geothermal community has become truly international in character, an occurrence that can only enhance the future of geothermal energy as a major source of energy supply worldwide. 15 figs.

61. [Image] Washington: A Guide to Geothermal Energy Development


	A brief overview is given of the geological characteristics of each region of the state as they relate to potential geothermal development. Those exploration methods which can lead to the siting of a deep ...
	Citation Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Washington: A Guide to Geothermal Energy Development Author: Bloomquist, R.G. Year: 1980 A brief overview is given of the geological characteristics of each region of the state as they relate to potential geothermal development. Those exploration methods which can lead to the siting of a deep exploration well are described. Requirements and techniques needed for drilling deeper higher temperature exploration and production wells are presented. Electrical generation, direct utilization, and indirect utilization are reviewed. Economic factors of direct use projects are presented. A general guide to the regulatory framework affecting geothermal energy development is provided. The general steps necessary to gain access to explore, develop, distribute, and use geothermal resources are outlined (MHR) Title: Washington: A Guide to Geothermal Energy Development Author: Bloomquist, R.G. Year: 1980 A brief overview is given of the geological characteristics of each region of the state as they relate to potential geothermal development. Those exploration methods which can lead to the siting of a deep exploration well are described. Requirements and techniques needed for drilling deeper higher temperature exploration and production wells are presented. Electrical generation, direct utilization, and indirect utilization are reviewed. Economic factors of direct use projects are presented. A general guide to the regulatory framework affecting geothermal energy development is provided. The general steps necessary to gain access to explore, develop, distribute, and use geothermal resources are outlined (MHR)

62. [Image] Geothermal Loop Experimental Facility. Quarterly Report, October--December 1978


	Since the Geothermal Loop Experimental Facility (GLEF) start-up in May, 1976, a substantial amount of information has been obtained on the operation of the plant, components, brine and steam composition, ...
	Citation Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Geothermal Loop Experimental Facility. Quarterly Report, October--December 1978 Author: Anastas, G. Year: 1979 Since the Geothermal Loop Experimental Facility (GLEF) start-up in May, 1976, a substantial amount of information has been obtained on the operation of the plant, components, brine and steam composition, production and injection wells, and the potential of the Niland Reservoir. The GLEF was modified in April, 1978, from a four stage flash/binary process to a two stage cycle for the extraction of energy from a high temperature, high salinity, liquid dominated resource. This quarterly summarizes the general operations and accomplishments of the GLEF during the period from October 1, 1978 through December 31, 1978 Title: Geothermal Loop Experimental Facility. Quarterly Report, October--December 1978 Author: Anastas, G. Year: 1979 Since the Geothermal Loop Experimental Facility (GLEF) start-up in May, 1976, a substantial amount of information has been obtained on the operation of the plant, components, brine and steam composition, production and injection wells, and the potential of the Niland Reservoir. The GLEF was modified in April, 1978, from a four stage flash/binary process to a two stage cycle for the extraction of energy from a high temperature, high salinity, liquid dominated resource. This quarterly summarizes the general operations and accomplishments of the GLEF during the period from October 1, 1978 through December 31, 1978

63. [Image] Geothermal Energy Omnibus Legislation Recommendations of the Institutional Barrier Panel to the Interagency Geothermal Coordinating Council


	Three major pieces of legislation have been passed since 1970 to promote the development of geothermal resources in the U.S. These are the Geothermal steam act of 1970 (PL 91-581,the Geothermal Energy ...
	Citation Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Geothermal Energy Omnibus Legislation Recommendations of the Institutional Barrier Panel to the Interagency Geothermal Coordinating Council Author: Geothermal Division, US Department of Energy Three major pieces of legislation have been passed since 1970 to promote the development of geothermal resources in the U.S. These are the Geothermal steam act of 1970 (PL 91-581,the Geothermal Energy Research, Development, and Demonstration Act of 1974P-4,and the five Acts that made up the 1978 National Energy Act - the Public Utility Regulatory Policies Act of 1978 -(a_95-61.7), the Energy Tax Act of 1978 OM 95-618), the National Energy Conservation Policy Act OM 65-619), the Power Plant and Industrial Fuel Use Act of 1978 (PL 95-620), and the Natural Gas Policy Act of 1978 (PL 95-621). These initiatives go a long way toward establishing a legal and regulatory framework favorable to commercial geothermal energy exploration and development, and incentives to stimulate early and widespread use by a variety of users. However, all of these acts require improvements if the geothermal energy utilization objectives of the Council are to be met. Consequently, the Institutional Barrier Panel has developed a recommended Geothermal Energy Omnibus 1 Bill to complete the legislative needs Title: Geothermal Energy Omnibus Legislation Recommendations of the Institutional Barrier Panel to the Interagency Geothermal Coordinating Council Author: Geothermal Division, US Department of Energy Three major pieces of legislation have been passed since 1970 to promote the development of geothermal resources in the U.S. These are the Geothermal steam act of 1970 (PL 91-581,the Geothermal Energy Research, Development, and Demonstration Act of 1974P-4,and the five Acts that made up the 1978 National Energy Act - the Public Utility Regulatory Policies Act of 1978 -(a_95-61.7), the Energy Tax Act of 1978 OM 95-618), the National Energy Conservation Policy Act OM 65-619), the Power Plant and Industrial Fuel Use Act of 1978 (PL 95-620), and the Natural Gas Policy Act of 1978 (PL 95-621). These initiatives go a long way toward establishing a legal and regulatory framework favorable to commercial geothermal energy exploration and development, and incentives to stimulate early and widespread use by a variety of users. However, all of these acts require improvements if the geothermal energy utilization objectives of the Council are to be met. Consequently, the Institutional Barrier Panel has developed a recommended Geothermal Energy Omnibus 1 Bill to complete the legislative needs

64. [Image] Hydrogeology and paleohydrology in the Williamson River basin, Klamath County, Oregon


	Abstract An abstract of the thesis of Jeffrey Scott Conaway for the Master of Science in Geology presented December 8, 1999. Title: Hydrogeology and Paleohydrology in the Williamson River Basin, Klamath ...
	Citation Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Hydrogeology and paleohydrology in the Williamson River basin, Klamath County, Oregon Author: Conaway, Jeffrey Scott Year: 2000, 2008, 2005 Abstract An abstract of the thesis of Jeffrey Scott Conaway for the Master of Science in Geology presented December 8, 1999. Title: Hydrogeology and Paleohydrology in the Williamson River Basin, Klamath County, Oregon. Stress on the water resources of the Williamson River basin has led to their regulation to protect important habitat. Quantification of this resource is required for accurate regulation. A portion of this study is a hydrogeologic reconnaissance that suggests directions for future work. Measured discharge and deuterium isotope data from points above and below the Williamson River canyon indicate that the river receives 99% of its discharge from ground water during periods of low flow. The principle aquifer of the southern Klamath Marsh is a fractured basalt, while continental sediments that are up to 200 m thick provide high artesian yields south of the canyon. The disparity between high precipitation on the basin's western margin and the low and variable discharge of the Williamson River at the Kirk Sill suggests either the presence of a fault zone that interrupts the flow of ground water or deep flow paths that do not surface within Klamath Marsh. Three terraces line the eastern edge of Klamath Marsh at approximate elevations of 1380, 1385, and 1397 m. The lowest terrace is late Holocene and cut into marsh sediment and reworked deposits from the pyroclastic eruptions of Mount Mazama. The middle terrace is planed into bedrock and formed when Pleistocene Lake Chemult occupied this basin. The upper terrace, a strand line, is delineated by a slope break that separates reworked pyroclastic deposits from undisturbed pyroclastic fall. Formation of this terrace occurred when pyroclastic flows from the cataclysmic eruption of Mount Mazama formed a blockage in the Williamson River canyon. Resultant backflooding reworked pyroclastic deposits and rafted pumice up to an approximate elevation of 1400 m. The blockage failed catastrophically from overtopping, draining 5.7 x 109 m3 of water, scouring the canyon and producing an erratic boulder deposit at the mouth of the canyon. Upstream evidence of rapid draining includes linear scour channels incised in pyroclastic-flow deposits and scouring of the broad Pleistocene terrace. Paleohydraulic reconstruction of down stream flooding using a flow-competence equation and a physically based dam-break model yield a peak discharge of 1.3 x 104 m3 s"1. Title: Hydrogeology and paleohydrology in the Williamson River basin, Klamath County, Oregon Author: Conaway, Jeffrey Scott Year: 2000, 2008, 2005 Abstract An abstract of the thesis of Jeffrey Scott Conaway for the Master of Science in Geology presented December 8, 1999. Title: Hydrogeology and Paleohydrology in the Williamson River Basin, Klamath County, Oregon. Stress on the water resources of the Williamson River basin has led to their regulation to protect important habitat. Quantification of this resource is required for accurate regulation. A portion of this study is a hydrogeologic reconnaissance that suggests directions for future work. Measured discharge and deuterium isotope data from points above and below the Williamson River canyon indicate that the river receives 99% of its discharge from ground water during periods of low flow. The principle aquifer of the southern Klamath Marsh is a fractured basalt, while continental sediments that are up to 200 m thick provide high artesian yields south of the canyon. The disparity between high precipitation on the basin's western margin and the low and variable discharge of the Williamson River at the Kirk Sill suggests either the presence of a fault zone that interrupts the flow of ground water or deep flow paths that do not surface within Klamath Marsh. Three terraces line the eastern edge of Klamath Marsh at approximate elevations of 1380, 1385, and 1397 m. The lowest terrace is late Holocene and cut into marsh sediment and reworked deposits from the pyroclastic eruptions of Mount Mazama. The middle terrace is planed into bedrock and formed when Pleistocene Lake Chemult occupied this basin. The upper terrace, a strand line, is delineated by a slope break that separates reworked pyroclastic deposits from undisturbed pyroclastic fall. Formation of this terrace occurred when pyroclastic flows from the cataclysmic eruption of Mount Mazama formed a blockage in the Williamson River canyon. Resultant backflooding reworked pyroclastic deposits and rafted pumice up to an approximate elevation of 1400 m. The blockage failed catastrophically from overtopping, draining 5.7 x 109 m3 of water, scouring the canyon and producing an erratic boulder deposit at the mouth of the canyon. Upstream evidence of rapid draining includes linear scour channels incised in pyroclastic-flow deposits and scouring of the broad Pleistocene terrace. Paleohydraulic reconstruction of down stream flooding using a flow-competence equation and a physically based dam-break model yield a peak discharge of 1.3 x 104 m3 s"1.

65. [Image] Biofuels and internal combustion engine options for tour boats on Crater Lake


	ill.; Thesis (M.S.M.E.)--University of Washington, 2000; Includes bibliographical references (p. 321-339)
	Citation Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Biofuels and internal combustion engine options for tour boats on Crater Lake Author: O'Keefe, Michael Patrick Year: 2000, 2009 ill.; Thesis (M.S.M.E.)--University of Washington, 2000; Includes bibliographical references (p. 321-339) Title: Biofuels and internal combustion engine options for tour boats on Crater Lake Author: O'Keefe, Michael Patrick Year: 2000, 2009 ill.; Thesis (M.S.M.E.)--University of Washington, 2000; Includes bibliographical references (p. 321-339)

66. [Image] Endangered species: difficult choices


	IB10072 08-26-04 Endangered Species: Difficult Choices SUMMARY The 108th Congress is considering various proposals to amend the Endangered Species Act of 1973 (ESA). Major issues in recent years ...
	Citation Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Endangered species: difficult choices Author: Buck, Eugene H; Corn, M. Lynne (Mary Lynne), 1946-; Baldwin, Pamela Year: 2004, 2008, 2005 IB10072 08-26-04 Endangered Species: Difficult Choices SUMMARY The 108th Congress is considering various proposals to amend the Endangered Species Act of 1973 (ESA). Major issues in recent years have included changing the role of science in decision-making, changing the role of critical habitat, reducing conflicts with Department of Defense activities, incorporating further protection for property owners, and increasing protection of listed species, among others. In addition, many have advocated including significant changes to ESA regulations made during the Clinton Administration in the law itself. The ESA has been one of the more contentious environmental laws. This may stem from its strict substantive provisions, which can affect the use of both federal and non-federal lands and resources. Under the ESA, certain species of plants and animals (both vertebrate and invertebrate) are listed as "endangered" or "threatened" according to assessments of their risk of extinction. Once a species is listed, powerful legal tools are available to aid its recovery and protect its habitat. The ESA may also be controversial because dwindling species are usually harbingers of resource scarcity: the most common cause of listing species is habitat loss. Recent efforts in the House would modify ESA provisions that designate critical habitat, and that provide for scientific peer review. The authorization for spending under the ESA expired on October 1, 1992. The prohibitions and requirements of the ESA remain in force, even in the absence of an authorization, and funds have been appropriated to imple- ment the administrative provisions of the ESA in each subsequent fiscal year. In the 108th Congress, two bills (H.R. 1662 and H.R. 2933) have been reported that would, respectively, address issues concerning scientific peer review and critical habitat. These bills may be brought to the House floor in September. Earlier, P.L. 108-108 (Interior appropriations) provided $265 million for FY2004 for programs related to endangered species. P.L. 108-136 (Defense authorization) included an ESA amendment to direct that critical habitat not be designated on military lands under certain conditions when Integrated Natural Resources Management Plans are in effect. P.L. 108-137 (Energy and Water appropriations) prohibited use of FY2004 or earlier funds to reduce water deliveries under existing contracts for ESA compliance for the silvery minnow on the Middle Rio Grande River unless water is obtained from a willing seller or lessor. The act also established an executive committee to oversee the Collaborative Program associated with this situation. P.L. 108-148 (Healthy Forests Act) authorized hazardous fuels reduction projects on BLM and national forest lands including those containing listed species habitat; directed establishment of a healthy forests reserve program to promote recovery of listed species; and directed the Secretary of the Interior to provide assurances to landowners whose enrollment in the healthy forests reserve program results in new conservation benefits for ESA-listed species. Title: Endangered species: difficult choices Author: Buck, Eugene H; Corn, M. Lynne (Mary Lynne), 1946-; Baldwin, Pamela Year: 2004, 2008, 2005 IB10072 08-26-04 Endangered Species: Difficult Choices SUMMARY The 108th Congress is considering various proposals to amend the Endangered Species Act of 1973 (ESA). Major issues in recent years have included changing the role of science in decision-making, changing the role of critical habitat, reducing conflicts with Department of Defense activities, incorporating further protection for property owners, and increasing protection of listed species, among others. In addition, many have advocated including significant changes to ESA regulations made during the Clinton Administration in the law itself. The ESA has been one of the more contentious environmental laws. This may stem from its strict substantive provisions, which can affect the use of both federal and non-federal lands and resources. Under the ESA, certain species of plants and animals (both vertebrate and invertebrate) are listed as "endangered" or "threatened" according to assessments of their risk of extinction. Once a species is listed, powerful legal tools are available to aid its recovery and protect its habitat. The ESA may also be controversial because dwindling species are usually harbingers of resource scarcity: the most common cause of listing species is habitat loss. Recent efforts in the House would modify ESA provisions that designate critical habitat, and that provide for scientific peer review. The authorization for spending under the ESA expired on October 1, 1992. The prohibitions and requirements of the ESA remain in force, even in the absence of an authorization, and funds have been appropriated to imple- ment the administrative provisions of the ESA in each subsequent fiscal year. In the 108th Congress, two bills (H.R. 1662 and H.R. 2933) have been reported that would, respectively, address issues concerning scientific peer review and critical habitat. These bills may be brought to the House floor in September. Earlier, P.L. 108-108 (Interior appropriations) provided $265 million for FY2004 for programs related to endangered species. P.L. 108-136 (Defense authorization) included an ESA amendment to direct that critical habitat not be designated on military lands under certain conditions when Integrated Natural Resources Management Plans are in effect. P.L. 108-137 (Energy and Water appropriations) prohibited use of FY2004 or earlier funds to reduce water deliveries under existing contracts for ESA compliance for the silvery minnow on the Middle Rio Grande River unless water is obtained from a willing seller or lessor. The act also established an executive committee to oversee the Collaborative Program associated with this situation. P.L. 108-148 (Healthy Forests Act) authorized hazardous fuels reduction projects on BLM and national forest lands including those containing listed species habitat; directed establishment of a healthy forests reserve program to promote recovery of listed species; and directed the Secretary of the Interior to provide assurances to landowners whose enrollment in the healthy forests reserve program results in new conservation benefits for ESA-listed species.

67. [Image] The Endangered Species Act (ESA) in the 109th Congress conflicting values and difficult choices


	IB10144 04-22-05 The Endangered Species Act (ESA) in the 109th Congress: Conflicting Values and Difficult Choices SUMMARY The 109th Congress is likely to consider various proposals to amend the ...
	Citation Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The Endangered Species Act (ESA) in the 109th Congress conflicting values and difficult choices Author: Buck, Eugene H Year: 2006, 2008, 2005 IB10144 04-22-05 The Endangered Species Act (ESA) in the 109th Congress: Conflicting Values and Difficult Choices SUMMARY The 109th Congress is likely to consider various proposals to amend the Endangered Species Act of 1973 (ESA; P.L. 93-205; 16 U.S.C. ??1531-1543 ). Major issues in recent years have included changing the role of science in decision-making, modifying critical habitat procedures, reducing conflicts with Department of Defense activities, incorporating further protection and incentives for property owners, and increasing protection of listed species, among others. In addition, many have advocated enacting as law some ESA regulations promulgated during the Clinton Administration. The ESA has been one of the more contentious environmental laws. This may stem from its strict substantive provisions, which can affect the use of both federal and non-federal lands and resources. Under the ESA, species of plants and animals (both vertebrate and invertebrate) can be listed as endangered or threatened according to assessments of their risk of extinction. Once a species is listed, powerful legal tools are available to aid its recovery and protect its habitat. The ESA may also be controversial because dwindling species are usually harbingers of broader ecosystem decline: the most common cause of listing species is habitat loss. The authorization for spending under the ESA expired on October 1, 1992. The prohibitions and requirements of the ESA remain in force, even in the absence of an authorization, and funds have been appropriated to implement the administrative provisions of the ESA in each subsequent fiscal year. In the 108th Congress, two bills were reported by the House Committee on Resources, but not enacted, that would have amended the ESA to modify scientific peer review and critical habitat procedures. Interior appropriations measures funded Fish and Wildlife Service programs related to endangered species (P.L. 108-108 provided $265 million for FY2004; P.L. 108-447 provided $262 million for FY2005). P.L. 108-136 (Defense authorization) included an ESA amendment to direct that critical habitat not be designated on military lands under certain conditions when Integrated Natural Resources Management Plans are in effect. P.L. 108-137 (Energy and Water appropriations) prohibited use of FY2004 or earlier funds to reduce water deliveries under existing contracts for ESA compliance for the silvery minnow on the Middle Rio Grande River unless water is obtained from a willing seller or lessor; this prohibition appears to have been made permanent by ?205 of Div. C of P.L. 108-447. P.L. 108-148 (Healthy Forests Act) authorized hazardous fuels reduction projects on BLM and national forest lands, including those containing habitat for listed species; directed establishment of a healthy forests reserve program to promote recovery of listed species; and directed the Secretary of the Interior to provide property rights assurances to landowners enrolled in the healthy forests reserve program. Congressional Research Service ? The Library of Congress CRS Title: The Endangered Species Act (ESA) in the 109th Congress conflicting values and difficult choices Author: Buck, Eugene H Year: 2006, 2008, 2005 IB10144 04-22-05 The Endangered Species Act (ESA) in the 109th Congress: Conflicting Values and Difficult Choices SUMMARY The 109th Congress is likely to consider various proposals to amend the Endangered Species Act of 1973 (ESA; P.L. 93-205; 16 U.S.C. ??1531-1543 ). Major issues in recent years have included changing the role of science in decision-making, modifying critical habitat procedures, reducing conflicts with Department of Defense activities, incorporating further protection and incentives for property owners, and increasing protection of listed species, among others. In addition, many have advocated enacting as law some ESA regulations promulgated during the Clinton Administration. The ESA has been one of the more contentious environmental laws. This may stem from its strict substantive provisions, which can affect the use of both federal and non-federal lands and resources. Under the ESA, species of plants and animals (both vertebrate and invertebrate) can be listed as endangered or threatened according to assessments of their risk of extinction. Once a species is listed, powerful legal tools are available to aid its recovery and protect its habitat. The ESA may also be controversial because dwindling species are usually harbingers of broader ecosystem decline: the most common cause of listing species is habitat loss. The authorization for spending under the ESA expired on October 1, 1992. The prohibitions and requirements of the ESA remain in force, even in the absence of an authorization, and funds have been appropriated to implement the administrative provisions of the ESA in each subsequent fiscal year. In the 108th Congress, two bills were reported by the House Committee on Resources, but not enacted, that would have amended the ESA to modify scientific peer review and critical habitat procedures. Interior appropriations measures funded Fish and Wildlife Service programs related to endangered species (P.L. 108-108 provided $265 million for FY2004; P.L. 108-447 provided $262 million for FY2005). P.L. 108-136 (Defense authorization) included an ESA amendment to direct that critical habitat not be designated on military lands under certain conditions when Integrated Natural Resources Management Plans are in effect. P.L. 108-137 (Energy and Water appropriations) prohibited use of FY2004 or earlier funds to reduce water deliveries under existing contracts for ESA compliance for the silvery minnow on the Middle Rio Grande River unless water is obtained from a willing seller or lessor; this prohibition appears to have been made permanent by ?205 of Div. C of P.L. 108-447. P.L. 108-148 (Healthy Forests Act) authorized hazardous fuels reduction projects on BLM and national forest lands, including those containing habitat for listed species; directed establishment of a healthy forests reserve program to promote recovery of listed species; and directed the Secretary of the Interior to provide property rights assurances to landowners enrolled in the healthy forests reserve program. Congressional Research Service ? The Library of Congress CRS

68. [Image] Federal Register - Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Determination of Endangered Status of the Shortnose Sucker and the Lost River Sucker


	The Service determines endangered status for the shortnose sucker [Chasmistes brevirostris) and Lost River sucker [Deltistes luxatus), fishes restricted to the Klamath Basin of south-central Oregon and ...
	Citation Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Federal Register - Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Determination of Endangered Status of the Shortnose Sucker and the Lost River Sucker Author: Williams, Jack E. Year: 1988, 2008, 2005 The Service determines endangered status for the shortnose sucker [Chasmistes brevirostris) and Lost River sucker [Deltistes luxatus), fishes restricted to the Klamath Basin of south-central Oregon and north-central California. Dams, draining of marshes, diversion of rivers and dredging of lakes have reduced the range and numbers of both species by more than 95 percent. Remaining populations are composed of older individuals with little or no successful recruitment for many years. Both species are jeopardized by continued loss of habitat, hybridization with more common closely related species, competition and predation by exotic species, and insularization of remaining habitats. This rule implements the protection provided by the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended, for the shortnose sucker and Lost River sucker Title: Federal Register - Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Determination of Endangered Status of the Shortnose Sucker and the Lost River Sucker Author: Williams, Jack E. Year: 1988, 2008, 2005 The Service determines endangered status for the shortnose sucker [Chasmistes brevirostris) and Lost River sucker [Deltistes luxatus), fishes restricted to the Klamath Basin of south-central Oregon and north-central California. Dams, draining of marshes, diversion of rivers and dredging of lakes have reduced the range and numbers of both species by more than 95 percent. Remaining populations are composed of older individuals with little or no successful recruitment for many years. Both species are jeopardized by continued loss of habitat, hybridization with more common closely related species, competition and predation by exotic species, and insularization of remaining habitats. This rule implements the protection provided by the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended, for the shortnose sucker and Lost River sucker

69. [Image] Klamath Basin National Wildlife Refuges, California/Oregon


	Cover title; Shipping list no.: 99-0252-P; "May 1999"--P. [4] of cover
	Citation Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Klamath Basin National Wildlife Refuges, California/Oregon Author: U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service Year: 1999, 2007, 2005 Cover title; Shipping list no.: 99-0252-P; "May 1999"--P. [4] of cover Title: Klamath Basin National Wildlife Refuges, California/Oregon Author: U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service Year: 1999, 2007, 2005 Cover title; Shipping list no.: 99-0252-P; "May 1999"--P. [4] of cover

70. [Image] Forestry program for Oregon


	This document sets forth the Board of Forestry's strategic vision for Oregon's forests for the next eight years
	Citation Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Forestry program for Oregon Author: Oregon State Board of Forestry Year: 2003, 2005 This document sets forth the Board of Forestry's strategic vision for Oregon's forests for the next eight years Title: Forestry program for Oregon Author: Oregon State Board of Forestry Year: 2003, 2005 This document sets forth the Board of Forestry's strategic vision for Oregon's forests for the next eight years

71. [Image] Klamath and Trinity River basins : hearing before the Subcommittee on Fisheries and Wildlife Conservation and the Environment of the Committee on Merchant Marine and Fisheries, House of Representatives, Ninety-ninth Congress, second session, on H.R. 4712 ... July 16, 1986


	Serial no. 99-54 (United States. Congress. House. Committee on Merchant Marine and Fisheries)
	Citation Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Klamath and Trinity River basins : hearing before the Subcommittee on Fisheries and Wildlife Conservation and the Environment of the Committee on Merchant Marine and Fisheries, House of Representatives, Ninety-ninth Congress, second session, on H.R. 4712 ... July 16, 1986 Author: United States. Congress. House. Committee on Merchant Marine and Fisheries. Subcommittee on Fisheries and Wildlife Conservation and the Environment Year: 1986, 2005 Serial no. 99-54 (United States. Congress. House. Committee on Merchant Marine and Fisheries) Title: Klamath and Trinity River basins : hearing before the Subcommittee on Fisheries and Wildlife Conservation and the Environment of the Committee on Merchant Marine and Fisheries, House of Representatives, Ninety-ninth Congress, second session, on H.R. 4712 ... July 16, 1986 Author: United States. Congress. House. Committee on Merchant Marine and Fisheries. Subcommittee on Fisheries and Wildlife Conservation and the Environment Year: 1986, 2005 Serial no. 99-54 (United States. Congress. House. Committee on Merchant Marine and Fisheries)

72. [Image] Critical Habitat Reform Act of 2004: report together with dissenting views (to accompany H.R. 2933) (including cost estimate of the Congressional Budget Office)


	19 p.; Caption title; "November 19, 2004"
	Citation Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Critical Habitat Reform Act of 2004: report together with dissenting views (to accompany H.R. 2933) (including cost estimate of the Congressional Budget Office) Author: United States. Congress. House. Committee on Resources Year: 2004, 2006, 2005 19 p.; Caption title; "November 19, 2004" Title: Critical Habitat Reform Act of 2004: report together with dissenting views (to accompany H.R. 2933) (including cost estimate of the Congressional Budget Office) Author: United States. Congress. House. Committee on Resources Year: 2004, 2006, 2005 19 p.; Caption title; "November 19, 2004"

73. [Image] Endangered species consultation handbook : procedures for conducting consultation and conference activities under Section 7 of the Endangered Species Act


	EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Section 7 of the Endangered Species Act (Act) [16 U.S.C. 1531 etseq.] outlines the procedures for Federal interagency cooperation to conserve Federally listed species and designated critical ...
	Citation Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Endangered species consultation handbook : procedures for conducting consultation and conference activities under Section 7 of the Endangered Species Act Author: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Year: 1998, 2005 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Section 7 of the Endangered Species Act (Act) [16 U.S.C. 1531 etseq.] outlines the procedures for Federal interagency cooperation to conserve Federally listed species and designated critical habitats. Proactive Conservation Efforts by Federal Agencies Section 7(a)(l) directs the Secretary (Secretary of the Interior/Secretary of Commerce) to review other programs administered by them and utilize such programs to further the purposes of the Act. It also directs all other Federal agencies to utilize their authorities in furtherance of the purposes of the Act by carrying out programs for the conservation of species listed pursuant to the Act. This section of the Act makes it clear that all Federal agencies should participate in the conservation and recovery of listed threatened and endangered species. Under this provision, Federal agencies often enter into partnerships and Memoranda of Understanding with the Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) or the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) for implementing and funding conservation agreements, management plans, and recovery plans developed for listed species. Biologists for the Services should encourage the development of these types of partnerships and planning efforts to develop pro-active approaches to listed species management. Avoiding Adverse Effects of Federal Actions Section 7(a)(2) states that each Federal agency shall, in consultation with the Secretary, insure that any action they authorize, fund, or carry out is not likely to jeopardize the continued existence of a listed species or result in the destruction or adverse modification of designated critical habitat. In fulfilling these requirements, each agency must use the best scientific and commercial data available. This section of the Act defines the consultation process, which is further developed in regulations promulgated at 50 CFR ?402. The Handbook This handbook was primarily developed to aid FWS and NMFS biologists implementing the section 7 consultation process. The purpose of the handbook is to provide information and guidance on the various consultation processes outlined in the regulations. Additionally, the handbook will ensure consistent implementation of consultation procedures by those biologists responsible for carrying out section 7 activities. Chapters of the handbook deal with major consultation processes, including Informal, Formal, Emergency, and Special Consultations; and Conferences. Standardized language is provided for incorporation into Biological Opinion documents to achieve consistency and to ensure that all consultation documents are complete from a regulatory standpoint. Background information and example documents are provided in Appendices. Although primarily targeted towards employees of the Services, other groups participating in the consultation process, including other Federal agencies; State, local, and tribal governments; and private individuals, consultants, and industry groups should find the handbook helpful in explaining section 7 processes and providing examples of various types of consultations. This handbook will be updated periodically as new regulations and policies are developed affecting implementation of the section 7 regulations, or as new consultation or assessment techniques evolve, and as additional examples or graphics become available. The Washington Offices of the Services have the lead for preparation of the handbook. Regional offices are encouraged to develop example documents appropriate for their geographical area and individual situations, and to coordinate with other Federal and State agencies in distributing these documents. Consultation Framework Use of Sound Science An overriding factor in carrying out consultations should always be the use of the best available scientific and commercial data to make findings regarding the status of a listed species, the effects of a proposed action on the species or critical habitat, and the determination of jeopardy/no jeopardy to listed species or destruction or adverse modification/no destruction or adverse modification to designated critical habitats. The Services have jointly published a policy on Information Standards Under the Endangered Species Act [59 FR 34271 (July 1, 1994)]. This policy calls for review of all scientific and other information used by the Services to prepare biological opinions, incidental take statements, and biological assessments, to ensure that any information used by the Services to implement the Act is reliable, credible, and represents the best scientific and commercial data available. Flexibility and Innovation The section 7 process achieves greatest flexibility when coordination between all involved agencies and non-Federal representatives, and the Services, begins early. Often, proposed actions can be modified so there is no need for formal consultation. The Services should ensure that all information needed to make an informed decision is made available. It is particularly critical when formal consultation begins that all parties are fully involved in providing information and discussing project options. Although it is the responsibility of the Services to make the determination of jeopardy or destruction/adverse modification in the biological opinion, action agencies and applicants should be fully informed and involved in the development of Reasonable and Prudent Alternatives, Reasonable and Prudent Measures, and Terms and Conditions to minimize the impacts of incidental take. Biologists should be creative in problem solving and look for ways to conserve listed species while still accommodating project goals. Coordination The Services have a policy to ensure coordination with State Agencies for gathering information in implementing the consultation program. [59 FR 34274-34275 (July 1, 1994)] The Services have a joint policy on coordination with tribal governments. Secretarial Order #32306 (June 5, 1997) entitled "American Indian Tribal Rights, Federal-Tribal Trust Responsibilities, and the Endangered Species Act" recognizes that the consultation process should include input from affected tribal governments. State and tribal government biologists often have information available that is pertinent to the description of the action area or to the species of interest in the consultation. Shortening Timeframes Recently, the Services have been implementing measures to streamline consultation processes. Examples include projects reviewed under the Northwest Forest Plan and nationwide Timber Salvage Program. These procedures have been able to effectively shorten consultation timeframes without giving up any protection for listed species/designated critical habitats or the use and review of the best available information. This has been achieved through enhanced interagency coordination, development of guidelines for implementation of a larger program (i.e. timber salvage) which can tier to an individual project (timber sale), and by providing consultation simultaneously with project analysis under the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA). Biologists for the Services are encouraged to review examples of these streamlined consultations and to look for ways to incorporate streamlining techniques into other consultation procedures. Title: Endangered species consultation handbook : procedures for conducting consultation and conference activities under Section 7 of the Endangered Species Act Author: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Year: 1998, 2005 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Section 7 of the Endangered Species Act (Act) [16 U.S.C. 1531 etseq.] outlines the procedures for Federal interagency cooperation to conserve Federally listed species and designated critical habitats. Proactive Conservation Efforts by Federal Agencies Section 7(a)(l) directs the Secretary (Secretary of the Interior/Secretary of Commerce) to review other programs administered by them and utilize such programs to further the purposes of the Act. It also directs all other Federal agencies to utilize their authorities in furtherance of the purposes of the Act by carrying out programs for the conservation of species listed pursuant to the Act. This section of the Act makes it clear that all Federal agencies should participate in the conservation and recovery of listed threatened and endangered species. Under this provision, Federal agencies often enter into partnerships and Memoranda of Understanding with the Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) or the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) for implementing and funding conservation agreements, management plans, and recovery plans developed for listed species. Biologists for the Services should encourage the development of these types of partnerships and planning efforts to develop pro-active approaches to listed species management. Avoiding Adverse Effects of Federal Actions Section 7(a)(2) states that each Federal agency shall, in consultation with the Secretary, insure that any action they authorize, fund, or carry out is not likely to jeopardize the continued existence of a listed species or result in the destruction or adverse modification of designated critical habitat. In fulfilling these requirements, each agency must use the best scientific and commercial data available. This section of the Act defines the consultation process, which is further developed in regulations promulgated at 50 CFR ?402. The Handbook This handbook was primarily developed to aid FWS and NMFS biologists implementing the section 7 consultation process. The purpose of the handbook is to provide information and guidance on the various consultation processes outlined in the regulations. Additionally, the handbook will ensure consistent implementation of consultation procedures by those biologists responsible for carrying out section 7 activities. Chapters of the handbook deal with major consultation processes, including Informal, Formal, Emergency, and Special Consultations; and Conferences. Standardized language is provided for incorporation into Biological Opinion documents to achieve consistency and to ensure that all consultation documents are complete from a regulatory standpoint. Background information and example documents are provided in Appendices. Although primarily targeted towards employees of the Services, other groups participating in the consultation process, including other Federal agencies; State, local, and tribal governments; and private individuals, consultants, and industry groups should find the handbook helpful in explaining section 7 processes and providing examples of various types of consultations. This handbook will be updated periodically as new regulations and policies are developed affecting implementation of the section 7 regulations, or as new consultation or assessment techniques evolve, and as additional examples or graphics become available. The Washington Offices of the Services have the lead for preparation of the handbook. Regional offices are encouraged to develop example documents appropriate for their geographical area and individual situations, and to coordinate with other Federal and State agencies in distributing these documents. Consultation Framework Use of Sound Science An overriding factor in carrying out consultations should always be the use of the best available scientific and commercial data to make findings regarding the status of a listed species, the effects of a proposed action on the species or critical habitat, and the determination of jeopardy/no jeopardy to listed species or destruction or adverse modification/no destruction or adverse modification to designated critical habitats. The Services have jointly published a policy on Information Standards Under the Endangered Species Act [59 FR 34271 (July 1, 1994)]. This policy calls for review of all scientific and other information used by the Services to prepare biological opinions, incidental take statements, and biological assessments, to ensure that any information used by the Services to implement the Act is reliable, credible, and represents the best scientific and commercial data available. Flexibility and Innovation The section 7 process achieves greatest flexibility when coordination between all involved agencies and non-Federal representatives, and the Services, begins early. Often, proposed actions can be modified so there is no need for formal consultation. The Services should ensure that all information needed to make an informed decision is made available. It is particularly critical when formal consultation begins that all parties are fully involved in providing information and discussing project options. Although it is the responsibility of the Services to make the determination of jeopardy or destruction/adverse modification in the biological opinion, action agencies and applicants should be fully informed and involved in the development of Reasonable and Prudent Alternatives, Reasonable and Prudent Measures, and Terms and Conditions to minimize the impacts of incidental take. Biologists should be creative in problem solving and look for ways to conserve listed species while still accommodating project goals. Coordination The Services have a policy to ensure coordination with State Agencies for gathering information in implementing the consultation program. [59 FR 34274-34275 (July 1, 1994)] The Services have a joint policy on coordination with tribal governments. Secretarial Order #32306 (June 5, 1997) entitled "American Indian Tribal Rights, Federal-Tribal Trust Responsibilities, and the Endangered Species Act" recognizes that the consultation process should include input from affected tribal governments. State and tribal government biologists often have information available that is pertinent to the description of the action area or to the species of interest in the consultation. Shortening Timeframes Recently, the Services have been implementing measures to streamline consultation processes. Examples include projects reviewed under the Northwest Forest Plan and nationwide Timber Salvage Program. These procedures have been able to effectively shorten consultation timeframes without giving up any protection for listed species/designated critical habitats or the use and review of the best available information. This has been achieved through enhanced interagency coordination, development of guidelines for implementation of a larger program (i.e. timber salvage) which can tier to an individual project (timber sale), and by providing consultation simultaneously with project analysis under the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA). Biologists for the Services are encouraged to review examples of these streamlined consultations and to look for ways to incorporate streamlining techniques into other consultation procedures.

74. [Image] Federal Register - Policy for Evaluation of Conservation Efforts When Making Listing Decisions


	We, the Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) and the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) (the Services), announce a final policy for the evaluation of conservation efforts when making listing decisions ...
	Citation Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Federal Register - Policy for Evaluation of Conservation Efforts When Making Listing Decisions Year: 2003, 2008, 2005 We, the Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) and the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) (the Services), announce a final policy for the evaluation of conservation efforts when making listing decisions (PECE) under the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended (Act). While the Act requires us to take into account all conservation efforts being made to protect a species, the policy identifies criteria we will use in determining whether formalized conservation efforts that have yet to be implemented or to show effectiveness contribute to making listing a species as threatened or endangered unnecessary. The policy applies to conservation efforts identified in conservation agreements, conservation plans, management plans, or similar documents developed by Federal agencies, State and local governments, Tribal governments, businesses, organizations, and individuals Title: Federal Register - Policy for Evaluation of Conservation Efforts When Making Listing Decisions Year: 2003, 2008, 2005 We, the Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) and the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) (the Services), announce a final policy for the evaluation of conservation efforts when making listing decisions (PECE) under the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended (Act). While the Act requires us to take into account all conservation efforts being made to protect a species, the policy identifies criteria we will use in determining whether formalized conservation efforts that have yet to be implemented or to show effectiveness contribute to making listing a species as threatened or endangered unnecessary. The policy applies to conservation efforts identified in conservation agreements, conservation plans, management plans, or similar documents developed by Federal agencies, State and local governments, Tribal governments, businesses, organizations, and individuals

75. [Image] The Water Report - Tribes sue PacifiCorp


	Only portions of issues of The Water Report are available in the Klamath Waters Digital Library. See the full report at http://www.thewaterreport.com/
	Citation Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The Water Report - Tribes sue PacifiCorp Author: Envirotech Publications Year: 2004, 2008, 2006 Only portions of issues of The Water Report are available in the Klamath Waters Digital Library. See the full report at http://www.thewaterreport.com/ Title: The Water Report - Tribes sue PacifiCorp Author: Envirotech Publications Year: 2004, 2008, 2006 Only portions of issues of The Water Report are available in the Klamath Waters Digital Library. See the full report at http://www.thewaterreport.com/

76. [Image] Klamath River Basin Conservation Area Restoration Program: limited assurance regarding the federal funding requirements: report to congressional requesters


	Includes bibliographical references; "GAO-05-804"
	Citation Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Klamath River Basin Conservation Area Restoration Program: limited assurance regarding the federal funding requirements: report to congressional requesters Author: United States. Government Accountability Office Year: 2005, 2006 Includes bibliographical references; "GAO-05-804" Title: Klamath River Basin Conservation Area Restoration Program: limited assurance regarding the federal funding requirements: report to congressional requesters Author: United States. Government Accountability Office Year: 2005, 2006 Includes bibliographical references; "GAO-05-804"

77. [Image] Klamath and Trinity River Basins restoration: report (to accompany H.R. 4712) (including cost estimate of the Congressional Budget Office)


	Mr. Jones of North Carolina, submitted the following report to accompany H.R. 4712;
	Citation Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Klamath and Trinity River Basins restoration: report (to accompany H.R. 4712) (including cost estimate of the Congressional Budget Office) Author: United States. Congress. House. Committee on Merchant Marine and Fisheries Year: 1986, 2006, 2005 Mr. Jones of North Carolina, submitted the following report to accompany H.R. 4712; Title: Klamath and Trinity River Basins restoration: report (to accompany H.R. 4712) (including cost estimate of the Congressional Budget Office) Author: United States. Congress. House. Committee on Merchant Marine and Fisheries Year: 1986, 2006, 2005 Mr. Jones of North Carolina, submitted the following report to accompany H.R. 4712;

78. [Image] Hot Dry Rock Geothermal Energy Development Program, Annual Report, Fiscal Year 1979


	The Fenton Hill Project is still the principal center for developing methods, equipment, and instrumentation for creating and utilizing HDR geothermal reservoirs. The search for a second site for a similar ...
	Citation Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Hot Dry Rock Geothermal Energy Development Program, Annual Report, Fiscal Year 1979 Author: Cremer, G.M. (comp.) Year: 1980 The Fenton Hill Project is still the principal center for developing methods, equipment, and instrumentation for creating and utilizing HDR geothermal reservoirs. The search for a second site for a similar experimental system in a different geological environment has been intensified, as have the identification and characterization of other HDR areas that may prove suitable for either experimental or commercial development. The Phase I fracture system was enlarged during FY79. Drilling of the injection well of the Phase II system began at Fenton Hill in April 1979. Environmental monitoring of the Fenton Hill area continued through FY79. The environmental studies indicate that the hot dry rock operations have caused no significant environmental impact. Other supporting activities included rock physics, rock mechanics, fracture mapping, and instrumentation development. Two closely related activities - evaluation of the potential HDR energy resource of the US and the selection of a site for development of a second experimental heat-extraction system generally similar to that at Fenton Hill - have resulted in the collection of geology, hydrology, and heat-flow data on some level of field activity in 30 states. The resource-evaluation activity included reconnaissance field studies and a listing and preliminary characterization of US geothermal areas in which HDR energy extraction methods may be applicable. The selection of Site 2 has taken into account such legal, institutional, and economic factors as land ownership and use, proximity to possible users, permitting and licensing requirements and procedures, environmental issues, areal extent of the geothermal area, and visibility to and apparent interest by potential industrial developers Title: Hot Dry Rock Geothermal Energy Development Program, Annual Report, Fiscal Year 1979 Author: Cremer, G.M. (comp.) Year: 1980 The Fenton Hill Project is still the principal center for developing methods, equipment, and instrumentation for creating and utilizing HDR geothermal reservoirs. The search for a second site for a similar experimental system in a different geological environment has been intensified, as have the identification and characterization of other HDR areas that may prove suitable for either experimental or commercial development. The Phase I fracture system was enlarged during FY79. Drilling of the injection well of the Phase II system began at Fenton Hill in April 1979. Environmental monitoring of the Fenton Hill area continued through FY79. The environmental studies indicate that the hot dry rock operations have caused no significant environmental impact. Other supporting activities included rock physics, rock mechanics, fracture mapping, and instrumentation development. Two closely related activities - evaluation of the potential HDR energy resource of the US and the selection of a site for development of a second experimental heat-extraction system generally similar to that at Fenton Hill - have resulted in the collection of geology, hydrology, and heat-flow data on some level of field activity in 30 states. The resource-evaluation activity included reconnaissance field studies and a listing and preliminary characterization of US geothermal areas in which HDR energy extraction methods may be applicable. The selection of Site 2 has taken into account such legal, institutional, and economic factors as land ownership and use, proximity to possible users, permitting and licensing requirements and procedures, environmental issues, areal extent of the geothermal area, and visibility to and apparent interest by potential industrial developers

79. [Image] The Endangered Species Act : a primer


	Report for Congress; "Updated March 31, 2005."
	Citation Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The Endangered Species Act : a primer Author: Baldwin, Pamela; Buck, Eugene H.; Corn, M. Lynne (Mary Lynne), 1946- Year: 2005 Report for Congress; "Updated March 31, 2005." Title: The Endangered Species Act : a primer Author: Baldwin, Pamela; Buck, Eugene H.; Corn, M. Lynne (Mary Lynne), 1946- Year: 2005 Report for Congress; "Updated March 31, 2005."

80. [Image] Report of investigation, Klamath Project, Oregon


	Cover title; Includes index
	Citation Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Report of investigation, Klamath Project, Oregon Author: Stoutemyer, B. E. Year: 1924, 2004 Cover title; Includes index Title: Report of investigation, Klamath Project, Oregon Author: Stoutemyer, B. E. Year: 1924, 2004 Cover title; Includes index

81. [Image] Operations of the Reclamation Service in California


	An article written by the first representative of the Reclamation Service after the Reclamation Act of 1902 was passed. This article includes a photo of the author, a map of the Yuma Project and two photos ...
	Citation Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Operations of the Reclamation Service in California Author: Lippincott, J.B. Year: 1906, 2005, 2004 An article written by the first representative of the Reclamation Service after the Reclamation Act of 1902 was passed. This article includes a photo of the author, a map of the Yuma Project and two photos of the Yuma Project "Boating into camp at Laguna Dam" and "Construction work, Yuma Project" Title: Operations of the Reclamation Service in California Author: Lippincott, J.B. Year: 1906, 2005, 2004 An article written by the first representative of the Reclamation Service after the Reclamation Act of 1902 was passed. This article includes a photo of the author, a map of the Yuma Project and two photos of the Yuma Project "Boating into camp at Laguna Dam" and "Construction work, Yuma Project"

82. [Image] Federal Register - Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Designation of Critical Habitat for the Klamath River and Columbia River Populations of Bull Trout


	We, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Service), designate critical habitat for the Klamath River and Columbia River populations of bull trout {Salvelinus confluentus) pursuant to the Endangered Species ...
	Citation Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Federal Register - Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Designation of Critical Habitat for the Klamath River and Columbia River Populations of Bull Trout Year: 2004, 2008, 2005 We, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Service), designate critical habitat for the Klamath River and Columbia River populations of bull trout {Salvelinus confluentus) pursuant to the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended (Act). For the Klamath River and Columbia River populations of bull trout, the critical habitat designation includes approximately 1,748 miles (mi) (2,813 kilometers (km)) of streams and 61,235 acres (ac) (24,781 hectares (ha)) of lakes and marshes. We solicited data and comments from the public on all aspects of the proposed rule, including data on economic and other impacts of the designation Title: Federal Register - Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Designation of Critical Habitat for the Klamath River and Columbia River Populations of Bull Trout Year: 2004, 2008, 2005 We, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Service), designate critical habitat for the Klamath River and Columbia River populations of bull trout {Salvelinus confluentus) pursuant to the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended (Act). For the Klamath River and Columbia River populations of bull trout, the critical habitat designation includes approximately 1,748 miles (mi) (2,813 kilometers (km)) of streams and 61,235 acres (ac) (24,781 hectares (ha)) of lakes and marshes. We solicited data and comments from the public on all aspects of the proposed rule, including data on economic and other impacts of the designation

83. [Image] What You Need to Know About the U.S. Endangered Species Act


	Electronic resource; Title from title screen (viewed on Dec. 22, 2004); "3/98"
	Citation Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: What You Need to Know About the U.S. Endangered Species Act Author: U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Office of Management Authority Year: 1998, 2006, 2005 Electronic resource; Title from title screen (viewed on Dec. 22, 2004); "3/98" Title: What You Need to Know About the U.S. Endangered Species Act Author: U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Office of Management Authority Year: 1998, 2006, 2005 Electronic resource; Title from title screen (viewed on Dec. 22, 2004); "3/98"

84. [Image] Implementation of the Endangered Species Act of 1973 (Report to the House Committee on Resources)


	I. Executive Summary There is increasing recognition from most quarters that the Endangered Species Act (ESA) needs to be improved. Exactly what those improvements should be is less uniform. ...
	Citation Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Implementation of the Endangered Species Act of 1973 (Report to the House Committee on Resources) Author: United States. Congress. House. Committee on Resources Year: 2005, 2007 I. Executive Summary There is increasing recognition from most quarters that the Endangered Species Act (ESA) needs to be improved. Exactly what those improvements should be is less uniform. This report examines the implementation of selected aspects of the endangered species program relying predominately on information provided by the primary implementing agencies, the United States Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) and National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) and offers some recommendations for possible improvements to the program. Debate over the ESA has traditionally been highly polarized. For example, compensating landowners for takings or reductions in property value has been opposed by some who argue updating the law to address this is not necessary. While consensus on other issues such as the need for increasing conservation incentives and the role states play in endangered species conservation has begun to emerge, one of the most debated aspects of ESA implementation continues to be whether the ESA is effectively conserving endangered and threatened species. While there have been significant strides in conserving individual species such as the whooping crane, red-cockaded woodpecker and gray wolf, few species have been delisted (removed from the endangered list) or downlisted (changed in status from endangered to threatened) because of successful ESA conservation efforts. Some argue that the number of recovered species is an unfair measure, asserting that the three decades the ESA has been in existence is an insufficient amount of time for the lengthy process of species recovery and point to listed species that have not gone extinct as evidence the ESA 'saves' species. From the opposing perspective, while recovery to the point of delisting may require a substantial amount of time for many species, after three decades more progress should be demonstrable through species that have recovered and been delisted. Even if a species has increased in numbers or distribution or the threats facing the species have been reduced, if it has not been delisted on the basis of recovery, the ESA's prohibitions and regulations remain applicable and the ESA should not be a 'one way street.' Of 40 total species removed from the list, 10 domestic species were delisted because of "recovery". Of 33 reclassified species, 10 domestic downlistings (a change from endangered to threatened status) reflected a reduced threat assessment which also allowed more flexibility in management. The FWS's most recent report to Congress (Fiscal years 2001-2002) shows that 77 percent of listed species fall in the 0 to 25 percent recovery achieved bracket and 2 percent fall in the 76 to 100 percent recovery achieved bracket. 39 percent of the FWS managed species are of uncertain status. Of those with an assessed trend, at one end of the spectrum are 3 percent possibly extinct, 1 percent occurring only in captivity and 21 percent declining and at the other end are 30 percent stable and 6 percent improving. These assessments however are subjective. Additionally, the assessment that a species is improving or stable may reflect, for example, a reduction in perceived threats or corrections to inaccurate threat assessments that stemmed from erroneous data rather than actual changes in species' trends that are demonstrated by improved numbers, distribution or other such measurements. Consequently, a meaningful assessment of conservation trends under the ESA using these data is not possible. The data used to list a number of species has been subsequently determined to be erroneous and species that likely do not merit classification as endangered or threatened remain listed. This can consume resources that could be directed to species that do merit listing. The assignment of recovery priorities appears highly skewed and the recovery priority for some species seems questionable. A meaningful distinction between endangered status and threatened status has been blurred as has been the framework for the mechanism of critical habitat. Expenditure reporting has improved but presents an incomplete picture of financial resources dedicated to endangered species. Workloads for litigation regarding activities such as consultation and listing under the ESA's complex structure compete for resources that could otherwise be directed at recovery efforts. The demands associated with ESA Section 4 determinations in combination with the pace of species listings and delistings, the number of possible future additions to the list and the economic impact of listings likely indicate that the current program is not sustainable. Title: Implementation of the Endangered Species Act of 1973 (Report to the House Committee on Resources) Author: United States. Congress. House. Committee on Resources Year: 2005, 2007 I. Executive Summary There is increasing recognition from most quarters that the Endangered Species Act (ESA) needs to be improved. Exactly what those improvements should be is less uniform. This report examines the implementation of selected aspects of the endangered species program relying predominately on information provided by the primary implementing agencies, the United States Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) and National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) and offers some recommendations for possible improvements to the program. Debate over the ESA has traditionally been highly polarized. For example, compensating landowners for takings or reductions in property value has been opposed by some who argue updating the law to address this is not necessary. While consensus on other issues such as the need for increasing conservation incentives and the role states play in endangered species conservation has begun to emerge, one of the most debated aspects of ESA implementation continues to be whether the ESA is effectively conserving endangered and threatened species. While there have been significant strides in conserving individual species such as the whooping crane, red-cockaded woodpecker and gray wolf, few species have been delisted (removed from the endangered list) or downlisted (changed in status from endangered to threatened) because of successful ESA conservation efforts. Some argue that the number of recovered species is an unfair measure, asserting that the three decades the ESA has been in existence is an insufficient amount of time for the lengthy process of species recovery and point to listed species that have not gone extinct as evidence the ESA 'saves' species. From the opposing perspective, while recovery to the point of delisting may require a substantial amount of time for many species, after three decades more progress should be demonstrable through species that have recovered and been delisted. Even if a species has increased in numbers or distribution or the threats facing the species have been reduced, if it has not been delisted on the basis of recovery, the ESA's prohibitions and regulations remain applicable and the ESA should not be a 'one way street.' Of 40 total species removed from the list, 10 domestic species were delisted because of "recovery". Of 33 reclassified species, 10 domestic downlistings (a change from endangered to threatened status) reflected a reduced threat assessment which also allowed more flexibility in management. The FWS's most recent report to Congress (Fiscal years 2001-2002) shows that 77 percent of listed species fall in the 0 to 25 percent recovery achieved bracket and 2 percent fall in the 76 to 100 percent recovery achieved bracket. 39 percent of the FWS managed species are of uncertain status. Of those with an assessed trend, at one end of the spectrum are 3 percent possibly extinct, 1 percent occurring only in captivity and 21 percent declining and at the other end are 30 percent stable and 6 percent improving. These assessments however are subjective. Additionally, the assessment that a species is improving or stable may reflect, for example, a reduction in perceived threats or corrections to inaccurate threat assessments that stemmed from erroneous data rather than actual changes in species' trends that are demonstrated by improved numbers, distribution or other such measurements. Consequently, a meaningful assessment of conservation trends under the ESA using these data is not possible. The data used to list a number of species has been subsequently determined to be erroneous and species that likely do not merit classification as endangered or threatened remain listed. This can consume resources that could be directed to species that do merit listing. The assignment of recovery priorities appears highly skewed and the recovery priority for some species seems questionable. A meaningful distinction between endangered status and threatened status has been blurred as has been the framework for the mechanism of critical habitat. Expenditure reporting has improved but presents an incomplete picture of financial resources dedicated to endangered species. Workloads for litigation regarding activities such as consultation and listing under the ESA's complex structure compete for resources that could otherwise be directed at recovery efforts. The demands associated with ESA Section 4 determinations in combination with the pace of species listings and delistings, the number of possible future additions to the list and the economic impact of listings likely indicate that the current program is not sustainable.

85. [Image] Klamath River Basin Compact between the states of Oregon and California


	"Ratified by state of Oregon, April 17, 1957 ... and state of California, April 17, 1957 ... consented to by the United States Congress ..."; "[R]epresentative of the United States of America, the States ...
	Citation Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Klamath River Basin Compact between the states of Oregon and California Year: 1957, 2004 "Ratified by state of Oregon, April 17, 1957 ... and state of California, April 17, 1957 ... consented to by the United States Congress ..."; "[R]epresentative of the United States of America, the States of California and Oregon have agreed on the compact articles hereinafter set out which were approved by the Klamath River Commissions of Oregon and California on November 17, 1956, and ratified by the Legislatures of Oregon (Chap. 142, Oregon State Laws 1957) and California (Chap. 113, Calif. Statutes 1957) on April 17, 1957. This compact was consented to by Act of Congress (71 Stat. 497) on August 30, 1957, and became effective on September 11, 1957." Title: Klamath River Basin Compact between the states of Oregon and California Year: 1957, 2004 "Ratified by state of Oregon, April 17, 1957 ... and state of California, April 17, 1957 ... consented to by the United States Congress ..."; "[R]epresentative of the United States of America, the States of California and Oregon have agreed on the compact articles hereinafter set out which were approved by the Klamath River Commissions of Oregon and California on November 17, 1956, and ratified by the Legislatures of Oregon (Chap. 142, Oregon State Laws 1957) and California (Chap. 113, Calif. Statutes 1957) on April 17, 1957. This compact was consented to by Act of Congress (71 Stat. 497) on August 30, 1957, and became effective on September 11, 1957."

86. [Image] Tule Lake, Lower Klamath, and Upper Klamath National Wildlife Refuges : hearing before the Subcommittee on Irrigation and Reclamation of the Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs, United States Senate, Eighty-seventh Congress, second session, on S. 1988 ... February 23, 1962


	CONTENTS Page S. 1988 1 Committee Print of S. 1988 2 Departmental reports: Agriculture 9 Budget 10 Interior 4 STATEMENT Brown, Edmund G., Governor, State of California 26 Butcher, ...
	Citation Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Tule Lake, Lower Klamath, and Upper Klamath National Wildlife Refuges : hearing before the Subcommittee on Irrigation and Reclamation of the Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs, United States Senate, Eighty-seventh Congress, second session, on S. 1988 ... February 23, 1962 Author: United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs Year: 1962, 2005 CONTENTS Page S. 1988 1 Committee Print of S. 1988 2 Departmental reports: Agriculture 9 Budget 10 Interior 4 STATEMENT Brown, Edmund G., Governor, State of California 26 Butcher, Deveraux, editor, National Wildlands News 158 Cushman, Lester M., vice president; Alvin Landis, counsel; Howard Stoddard, consulting engineer; Edwin Lance, engineer and manager; and Ivan Rose, director, Tulelake Irrigation District 116, 132 Douglas, Philip A., executive secretary, Sport Fishing Institute 144 Dugan, Harold P., regional director, Bureau of Reclamation, Sacramento, Calif., Department of the Interior 60 Elser, William P., president, California Fish and Game Association 137 Gordon, Seth, California Duck Hunters Association 138 Gutermuth, C. R., vice president, Wildlife Management Institute, Wash ington, D.C 148 Henzel, Richard, president, board of supervisors, Klamath Drainage Dis trict 84 Horn, Everett E., California Duck Hunters Association 142 Janzen, Daniel H., Director, Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife, Fish and Wildlife Service; accompanied by Richard Dittman, engineer; Richard Griffith, chief, Regional Wildlife Division, Portland, Oreg.; Robert Russell, refuge manager, Klamath and Tule Lake Wildlife Refuges; and Jean Branson, staff assistant, regional office, Fish and Wildlife Service, Department of the Interior 40 Johnson, Hon. Harold T., a Representative in Congress from the State of California 114 Kimball, Thomas L., executive director, National Wildlife Federation 146 Kuchel, Hon. Thomas, a U.S. Senator from the State of California 27 Landis, Alvin, counsel, Tulelake Irrigation District 116 Langslet, Chester L., representing the Klamath Basin Water Users' Protective Association, Klamath Sportsmen's Association, and Oregon Wildlife Federation 64, 83 Metcalf, Hon. Lee, a U.S. Senator from the State of Montana 25 Penfold, Joe, Izaak Walton League of America 152 Proctor, George H., counsel, Klamath Drainage District 90 Smith, Dr. Spencer M., Jr., secretary, Citizens Committee on Natural Resources 158 Stearns, James G., supervisor, Modoc County, Calif 110 Stoddard, Howard, consulting engineer, Tulelake Irrigation District 129 Udall, Hon. Stewart L., Secretary of the Interior, accompanied by Robert M. Paul, Special Assistant to the Assistant Secretary, Office of the Assistant Secretary for Fish and Wildlife 18 Title: Tule Lake, Lower Klamath, and Upper Klamath National Wildlife Refuges : hearing before the Subcommittee on Irrigation and Reclamation of the Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs, United States Senate, Eighty-seventh Congress, second session, on S. 1988 ... February 23, 1962 Author: United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs Year: 1962, 2005 CONTENTS Page S. 1988 1 Committee Print of S. 1988 2 Departmental reports: Agriculture 9 Budget 10 Interior 4 STATEMENT Brown, Edmund G., Governor, State of California 26 Butcher, Deveraux, editor, National Wildlands News 158 Cushman, Lester M., vice president; Alvin Landis, counsel; Howard Stoddard, consulting engineer; Edwin Lance, engineer and manager; and Ivan Rose, director, Tulelake Irrigation District 116, 132 Douglas, Philip A., executive secretary, Sport Fishing Institute 144 Dugan, Harold P., regional director, Bureau of Reclamation, Sacramento, Calif., Department of the Interior 60 Elser, William P., president, California Fish and Game Association 137 Gordon, Seth, California Duck Hunters Association 138 Gutermuth, C. R., vice president, Wildlife Management Institute, Wash ington, D.C 148 Henzel, Richard, president, board of supervisors, Klamath Drainage Dis trict 84 Horn, Everett E., California Duck Hunters Association 142 Janzen, Daniel H., Director, Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife, Fish and Wildlife Service; accompanied by Richard Dittman, engineer; Richard Griffith, chief, Regional Wildlife Division, Portland, Oreg.; Robert Russell, refuge manager, Klamath and Tule Lake Wildlife Refuges; and Jean Branson, staff assistant, regional office, Fish and Wildlife Service, Department of the Interior 40 Johnson, Hon. Harold T., a Representative in Congress from the State of California 114 Kimball, Thomas L., executive director, National Wildlife Federation 146 Kuchel, Hon. Thomas, a U.S. Senator from the State of California 27 Landis, Alvin, counsel, Tulelake Irrigation District 116 Langslet, Chester L., representing the Klamath Basin Water Users' Protective Association, Klamath Sportsmen's Association, and Oregon Wildlife Federation 64, 83 Metcalf, Hon. Lee, a U.S. Senator from the State of Montana 25 Penfold, Joe, Izaak Walton League of America 152 Proctor, George H., counsel, Klamath Drainage District 90 Smith, Dr. Spencer M., Jr., secretary, Citizens Committee on Natural Resources 158 Stearns, James G., supervisor, Modoc County, Calif 110 Stoddard, Howard, consulting engineer, Tulelake Irrigation District 129 Udall, Hon. Stewart L., Secretary of the Interior, accompanied by Robert M. Paul, Special Assistant to the Assistant Secretary, Office of the Assistant Secretary for Fish and Wildlife 18

87. [Image] Endangered Species Data Quality Act of 2004: report together with dissenting views (to accompany H.R. 1662) (including cost estimate of the Congressional Budget Office)


	21 p; Caption title; Distributed to some depositary libraries in microfiche; "November 19, 2004"; Submitted by Mr. Pombo, from the Committee on Resources
	Citation Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Endangered Species Data Quality Act of 2004: report together with dissenting views (to accompany H.R. 1662) (including cost estimate of the Congressional Budget Office) Author: United States. Congress. House. Committee on Resources Year: 2004, 2006, 2005 21 p; Caption title; Distributed to some depositary libraries in microfiche; "November 19, 2004"; Submitted by Mr. Pombo, from the Committee on Resources Title: Endangered Species Data Quality Act of 2004: report together with dissenting views (to accompany H.R. 1662) (including cost estimate of the Congressional Budget Office) Author: United States. Congress. House. Committee on Resources Year: 2004, 2006, 2005 21 p; Caption title; Distributed to some depositary libraries in microfiche; "November 19, 2004"; Submitted by Mr. Pombo, from the Committee on Resources

88. [Image] The Water Report - The Oregon Water Resources Department: an interview with director Paul Cleary


	Only portions of issues of The Water Report are available in the Klamath Waters Digital Library. See the full report at http://www.thewaterreport.com/
	Citation Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The Water Report - The Oregon Water Resources Department: an interview with director Paul Cleary Author: Envirotech Publications Year: 2004, 2008, 2006 Only portions of issues of The Water Report are available in the Klamath Waters Digital Library. See the full report at http://www.thewaterreport.com/ Title: The Water Report - The Oregon Water Resources Department: an interview with director Paul Cleary Author: Envirotech Publications Year: 2004, 2008, 2006 Only portions of issues of The Water Report are available in the Klamath Waters Digital Library. See the full report at http://www.thewaterreport.com/

89. [Image] Natural flow estimates for streams in the Klamath Basin


	"Open file report SW 04-001"
	Citation Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Natural flow estimates for streams in the Klamath Basin Author: Cooper, Richard M. Year: 2004, 2005 "Open file report SW 04-001" Title: Natural flow estimates for streams in the Klamath Basin Author: Cooper, Richard M. Year: 2004, 2005 "Open file report SW 04-001"

90. [Image] A guide to Oregon permits issued by state & federal agencies with a focus on permits for watershed restoration activities Watersheds and the Oregon Watershed Enhancement Board


	"Spring 2000."
	Citation Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: A guide to Oregon permits issued by state & federal agencies with a focus on permits for watershed restoration activities Watersheds and the Oregon Watershed Enhancement Board Year: 2000, 2005 "Spring 2000." Title: A guide to Oregon permits issued by state & federal agencies with a focus on permits for watershed restoration activities Watersheds and the Oregon Watershed Enhancement Board Year: 2000, 2005 "Spring 2000."

91. [Image] ESA basics: 30 years of protecting endangered species


	Electronic resource; Title from title screen;
	Citation Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: ESA basics: 30 years of protecting endangered species Year: 2004, 2006, 2005 Electronic resource; Title from title screen; Title: ESA basics: 30 years of protecting endangered species Year: 2004, 2006, 2005 Electronic resource; Title from title screen;

92. [Image] Klamath Federal Reclamation Project : Oregon-California


	- 7' -, > \ UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR B U R E A U O F R E C L A M A T I O N U N I T E D S T A T E S G O V E R N M E N T P R I N T I N G O F F I C E W A S H I N G T O N : 1936 FEDERAL RECLAMATION ...
	Citation Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Klamath Federal Reclamation Project : Oregon-California Author: United States. Bureau of Reclamation Year: 1936, 2005 - 7' -, > \ UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR B U R E A U O F R E C L A M A T I O N U N I T E D S T A T E S G O V E R N M E N T P R I N T I N G O F F I C E W A S H I N G T O N : 1936 FEDERAL RECLAMATION PROJECT OREGON - CALIFORNIA n )> >> GENERAL STATEMENT THEKla m- ath reclamation project comprises practically all of the agricultural land in the Klamath Basin, except a small area adjacent to Upper Klamath Lake, and is situated in southern Oregon and northern California. The extent of the area irrigated, or that may be irrigated by reason of Bureau of Reclamation activities, is approxi-mately 140,000 acres. This includes about 20,000 acres suitable only for pasture and approximately 12,000 acres of good land in the Tule Lake division not yet opened for settlement. Within the older developed sections of the project the soil is mostly of a sandy loam . type that is particularly suitable for growing potatoes and summer vegetables as well as all of the ordinary crops that thrive in a cool, tem-perate climate. The price of this type of land ranges from $ 100 to $ 200 per acre. The water- right cost, which origi- Klamath Falls, Oregon, the prolect office headquarters nally was about $ 55 per acre, is approximately half paid up. The balance has an average of about 25 years to run without interest. Operation and maintenance costs usually run about $ 1.25 an acre per annum. I R R I G A B L E L A N D S The Tule Lake division of the project, which will eventually comprise about 32,000 acres of agricultural land and about 5,000 acres of thin soil land good only for pasture, carries a construction charge of $ 88.35, with 40 years in A! Klamath : desert. Looking~ southwest up Lan Valley from a point 4 miles west of Lorella, Ore which to pay without interest. No payments have been required to date, but the Secretary of the Interior will soon issue public notice announcing the commencement of pay-ments, which will be approximately $ 2.20 per acre each year. In addition to the construction charge, there is an operation and maintenance charge which will probably run between $ 1.50 and $ 2 un acre a year. These lands are of lacustrian origin and are very fertile. They are particularly adapted to the growth of small grains, alfalfa, and pasture grasses. Patented land in this division sells for $ 50 to $ 100 per acre. Patented lands in private ownership, where of goc; d quality, well improved and conveniently situated, can be purchased for from $ 150 to $ 200 per acre. Good lands not so well improved nor so desirably located sell at around $ 100 per acre. There is very little undeveloped, privately owned good land on the project. Small tracts of 5, 10, or 20 acres, located along paved highways and within 6 to 8 miles of Klamath Falls, are obtainable at from $ 200 to $ 400 per acre. W A T E R S U P P L Y The Klamath project is ! ortunate in having an abundant water supply for all lands susceptible of irrigation. The map on the inside of the back cover page shows the location of the three reservoirs and their immediate proximity to the lands they serve. The irrigable project lands lie between elevations of 4,035 and 4,070 feet above sea level and occupy the Klamath Basin and the Valley of Lost River, situated in south central Oregon and north central California, about 150 miles east of the Pacific coast. The average annual pre-cipitation is 12.51 inches. SCHOOLS Klamath County schools are run on the county unit basis Public School in Klamath Falls and are fully up to standard. Busses run at county expense transport rural children to and from school, and there is no lost time on account of bad weather. Within the county there are 9,242 children of school age, 4,107 of these within the city of Klamath Falls. The high school enrollment for Klamath Falls is 1,156, and for the remainder of the county is 459. There are 9 high schools in the county that employ 62 teachers. The grade schools employ 185 teachers, of whom' 76 are in the city of Klamath Falls. : let of concrete flume, Canal C, of the main project structures R E C R E A T I O N No part of the United States affords more interesting and attractive recreational areas than are found near at hand and in all directions from the Klamath project. From 1 to 2 hours in any kind of an automobile is sufficient to land one on the banks of a cold mountain stream inhabited by many wary trout or alongside the shores of any one of a half dozen crystal lakes, where boating and bathing may be enjoyed to the full. Some of the lakes that are conven-iently located with reference to the project, and where many summer camps as well as extensive hotel and camp accommodations already exist, are Upper Klamath Lake, Lake of the Woods, Crater Lake, Diamond Lake, Crescent I., ake, Ode11 Lake, and Paulina Lake. The most distant of the lot, Paulina Lake, can be reached in 3 hours' driving from Klamath Falls. Some of the important recreational areas lying in convenient distances from the project are shown in the ilh~ strationsa ccompanying this chapter. The principal water supply is in Upper Klamath Lake, where regulation provides a possible storage of about 524,800 acre- feet, and this with the natural inflow insures the lands served from this source an adequate water supply at all times. Under the terms of the contract dated February 24, 1917, between the United States and the California- Oregon Power Co., the power company was given the right to regulate the outflow of Upper Klamath Lake, subject to existing rights and the prior rights of the Klamath project for water for irrigation. To regulate the outflow, the company, in 1921, constructed the Link River Dam at a cost of about $ 310,000. Storage for the lands on the west side of Langell Valley and a portion of the lands in the Horsefly irrigation district is provided by Clear Lake Reservoir. This reservoir, lying just across the line in California, is the source of Lost River and has a total capacity of 454,000 acre- feet, most of which was made available during 1931 by the construction of a channel from the outlet works to the deeper portion of the reservoir, a distance of about 6 miles. The reservoir is also used for flood storage for the protection of lands in the Tule Lake division. Gerber Reservoir, on Miller Creek, a tributary of Lost River, has a storage capacity of 94,000 acre- feet and fur-nishes a water supply for the lands on the east side of Lost River in the Langell Valley division. This reservoir also provides for the storage of flood water for the protection of lands in the Tule Lake division. Water from Upper Klamath Lake is diverted to the main or " A" canal from the east side of Link River, the outlet of the lake, several hundred feet below the lake and a few I I / Klamath River near Klamath Falls k River diversion dam Alfalfa field near Malin, Oreg. Two cuttings are grown, which yield 2- 4 tons per acre on the older project lands, and 3- 6 in Tule Lake section hundred feet above Link River Dam. Water for all lands in the main and pumping divisions and for a portion of the lands in the Tule Lake division are diverted through the " A" canal. Additional water for the lands in the Tule Lake division is diverted from the Klamath River, through the Lost River diversion channel ( reversing the direction of flow), and spilled into Lost River, frcm which it is diverted to the " J" canal at a point about 3 miles southeasterly from Merrill, Oreg. At this point the river level is raised about 12 feet by means of the lower Lost River diversion dam, a concrete structure of the Ambursen type, with a crest length of 204 feet. The Lost River diversion channel leads off from Lost River at a point about 10 miles southeast of Klamath Falls, Oreg., immediately above a hollow U- shaped concrete dam which raises the river level about 23 feet. Prior to the Irrigating a 65- acre field of potatoes; showing application of m irrigation season the flow of Lost River is diverted to the Klamath River and wasted; however, after the spring flood flow of Lost River has passed and water for irrigation in the Tule Lake division is required, the flow of Lost River is ~ assed through the dam and down to the " J" canal. This flow is augmented, when demand is heavy, from Klamath River as indicated ahve. Lands on the east side of Langell Valley division are served by the north canal, which diverts water from Miller Creek at the Miller Creek Dam, located about 6 miles below Gerber Dam. At this point the water surface in Miller Creek is raised by placing flashboards against wooden trestles, the grade of the canal and that of the stream being substan-tially the same elevation. The lands on the west side of Lost River in the Langell Valley division are served by the West Canal, which diverts water from Lost River at the Malone Dam, located about 42 miles southeasterly from Klamath Falls, Oreg. At this point the level of Lost River is raised about 18 feet by means of an earth diversion dam. Clear Lake Reservoir provides storage for the West Canal. TOWNS Klamath Falls, Merrill, Malin, and Bonanza are project towns, the first named being the principal city in southern, Oregon east of the Cascades. It has a population of approximately 16,000 and is the distributing center for a large territory. Klamath County has a population of 32,400, one- half residing in the city of Klamath Falls and perhaps 4,000 more in suburban districts only a few miles away. Merrill and Malin are small towns within the irrigated area with populations of six or seven hundred each. In Klamath Basin are some 1,800 farms and approximately as many farm families. LUMBERING Approximately 30 mills and box factories are in operation, this district being the largest manufacturing center of box shook in the United States. The Klamath district contains the heaviest stand of yellow pine left in the United States. Throughout the spring, summer, and fall all lumber com-panies maintain large pay rolls both in the plants and in the lumber camps. Lumber contributes greatly to the heavy traffic originating at K! amath Falls, making this city the second largest shipping point in Oregon. The majority of the mills and box factories are located in or near Klamath Falls. T R A N S P O R T A T I O N Two main- line railways, the Southern Pacific and Great Northern, enter Klamath Falls and traverse the project throughout its longest dimension. Hard- surfaced highways radiate from Klamath Falls in all directions, connecting with Portland, Sun Francisco, and Salt Lake. These high-ways supplemented by county market roads penetrate all sections of the project, with the result that few farms are more than a mile from a hard- surfaced outlet. CLIMATE The Klamath Basin has a remarkably pleasant and healthful climate. Winters are not cold, and summers are not hot. Precipitation, which amounts to about 12): inches a year on the average, falls mainly from November to April. Late and early frosts are to be expected, and occasionally light frosts occur even in the summer months. me on the Main division of the project A G R I C U L T U R E The principal crops grown are potatoes, alfalfa, small grains, and vegetables. The yield of small grains in the Tule Lake area is unusually high. Oats frequently make 100 bushels per acre; barley runs from 60 to 80; and any good wheat field will thresh out more than 40 bushels per acre. Potatoes, when conditions are right, are par excelience the big money crop. A good yield of tubers is considered to be around 150 sacks of U. S. No. 1' s per acre, and every year a few fields are reported with yields of double that amount. The price for potatoes is unstable, depending on the market demand, and ranges from about 50 cents to $ 1.50 a sack. The quality of Klamath potatoes on the Sun Francisco market is recognized as the best, and the price usually ranges from 10 to 20 cents a sack higher than is paid for Washington and Idaho production. Flock of 6,000 turkeys being fattened for market L I V E S T O C K Cattle. On account of its geographical location, sur-rounded as it is with immense areas of sagebrush plateaus and forest ranges, the Klamath project is, and probably always will be, essentially a stock country. Its cheap forage, abundant water and mild winters offer ideal con-ditions for the wintering of range stock and the fattening of mature animals for market. Favorable feeding- in- transit rates for both grass and feed lot cattle have resulted in the fattening, locally, of thousands of range and outside cattle. The beef industry alone returns approximately $ 900,000 annually. There are several killing and manu-facturing plants located in Klamath Falls. Sheep. Approxinately 150,000 ewes are maintained in the Klamafh Basin with an average annual output of about three- quarters of a million dollars. From 75,000 to 100,000~ lambs~ afraet tened for market each year on the project. Sun Francisco js the principal market. licken ranch. The production of eggs chickens is an important industry A project Holstein dairy her Dairying. The dairying industry is increasing steadily on the project. There are now about 8,000 milk cows in the district. Klamath Falls, with its large industrial popu-lation, furnishes a good market for milk, butter, and cheese. Two local cooperative cheese manufacturing plants and four privately owned creameries operate in the district. The value of the dairy industry is approximately $ 600,000 annually. Local dairy prices for butterfat are maintained at l> e to 2 cents above the State average cwing to the favored position of the project-- half- way between Portland and Sun Francisco. This district offers many opportunities for increased dairying production, as costs are compara-tively low and climatic conditions are favorable. Ewes and lambs on Tule Lake leased lands OREGON - CALIFORNIA MAP NO. 27606 Scale of Miles 1 -- 0 1 2- 3 4 6 1 Title: Klamath Federal Reclamation Project : Oregon-California Author: United States. Bureau of Reclamation Year: 1936, 2005 - 7' -, > \ UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR B U R E A U O F R E C L A M A T I O N U N I T E D S T A T E S G O V E R N M E N T P R I N T I N G O F F I C E W A S H I N G T O N : 1936 FEDERAL RECLAMATION PROJECT OREGON - CALIFORNIA n )> >> GENERAL STATEMENT THEKla m- ath reclamation project comprises practically all of the agricultural land in the Klamath Basin, except a small area adjacent to Upper Klamath Lake, and is situated in southern Oregon and northern California. The extent of the area irrigated, or that may be irrigated by reason of Bureau of Reclamation activities, is approxi-mately 140,000 acres. This includes about 20,000 acres suitable only for pasture and approximately 12,000 acres of good land in the Tule Lake division not yet opened for settlement. Within the older developed sections of the project the soil is mostly of a sandy loam . type that is particularly suitable for growing potatoes and summer vegetables as well as all of the ordinary crops that thrive in a cool, tem-perate climate. The price of this type of land ranges from $ 100 to $ 200 per acre. The water- right cost, which origi- Klamath Falls, Oregon, the prolect office headquarters nally was about $ 55 per acre, is approximately half paid up. The balance has an average of about 25 years to run without interest. Operation and maintenance costs usually run about $ 1.25 an acre per annum. I R R I G A B L E L A N D S The Tule Lake division of the project, which will eventually comprise about 32,000 acres of agricultural land and about 5,000 acres of thin soil land good only for pasture, carries a construction charge of $ 88.35, with 40 years in A! Klamath : desert. Looking~ southwest up Lan Valley from a point 4 miles west of Lorella, Ore which to pay without interest. No payments have been required to date, but the Secretary of the Interior will soon issue public notice announcing the commencement of pay-ments, which will be approximately $ 2.20 per acre each year. In addition to the construction charge, there is an operation and maintenance charge which will probably run between $ 1.50 and $ 2 un acre a year. These lands are of lacustrian origin and are very fertile. They are particularly adapted to the growth of small grains, alfalfa, and pasture grasses. Patented land in this division sells for $ 50 to $ 100 per acre. Patented lands in private ownership, where of goc; d quality, well improved and conveniently situated, can be purchased for from $ 150 to $ 200 per acre. Good lands not so well improved nor so desirably located sell at around $ 100 per acre. There is very little undeveloped, privately owned good land on the project. Small tracts of 5, 10, or 20 acres, located along paved highways and within 6 to 8 miles of Klamath Falls, are obtainable at from $ 200 to $ 400 per acre. W A T E R S U P P L Y The Klamath project is ! ortunate in having an abundant water supply for all lands susceptible of irrigation. The map on the inside of the back cover page shows the location of the three reservoirs and their immediate proximity to the lands they serve. The irrigable project lands lie between elevations of 4,035 and 4,070 feet above sea level and occupy the Klamath Basin and the Valley of Lost River, situated in south central Oregon and north central California, about 150 miles east of the Pacific coast. The average annual pre-cipitation is 12.51 inches. SCHOOLS Klamath County schools are run on the county unit basis Public School in Klamath Falls and are fully up to standard. Busses run at county expense transport rural children to and from school, and there is no lost time on account of bad weather. Within the county there are 9,242 children of school age, 4,107 of these within the city of Klamath Falls. The high school enrollment for Klamath Falls is 1,156, and for the remainder of the county is 459. There are 9 high schools in the county that employ 62 teachers. The grade schools employ 185 teachers, of whom' 76 are in the city of Klamath Falls. : let of concrete flume, Canal C, of the main project structures R E C R E A T I O N No part of the United States affords more interesting and attractive recreational areas than are found near at hand and in all directions from the Klamath project. From 1 to 2 hours in any kind of an automobile is sufficient to land one on the banks of a cold mountain stream inhabited by many wary trout or alongside the shores of any one of a half dozen crystal lakes, where boating and bathing may be enjoyed to the full. Some of the lakes that are conven-iently located with reference to the project, and where many summer camps as well as extensive hotel and camp accommodations already exist, are Upper Klamath Lake, Lake of the Woods, Crater Lake, Diamond Lake, Crescent I., ake, Ode11 Lake, and Paulina Lake. The most distant of the lot, Paulina Lake, can be reached in 3 hours' driving from Klamath Falls. Some of the important recreational areas lying in convenient distances from the project are shown in the ilh~ strationsa ccompanying this chapter. The principal water supply is in Upper Klamath Lake, where regulation provides a possible storage of about 524,800 acre- feet, and this with the natural inflow insures the lands served from this source an adequate water supply at all times. Under the terms of the contract dated February 24, 1917, between the United States and the California- Oregon Power Co., the power company was given the right to regulate the outflow of Upper Klamath Lake, subject to existing rights and the prior rights of the Klamath project for water for irrigation. To regulate the outflow, the company, in 1921, constructed the Link River Dam at a cost of about $ 310,000. Storage for the lands on the west side of Langell Valley and a portion of the lands in the Horsefly irrigation district is provided by Clear Lake Reservoir. This reservoir, lying just across the line in California, is the source of Lost River and has a total capacity of 454,000 acre- feet, most of which was made available during 1931 by the construction of a channel from the outlet works to the deeper portion of the reservoir, a distance of about 6 miles. The reservoir is also used for flood storage for the protection of lands in the Tule Lake division. Gerber Reservoir, on Miller Creek, a tributary of Lost River, has a storage capacity of 94,000 acre- feet and fur-nishes a water supply for the lands on the east side of Lost River in the Langell Valley division. This reservoir also provides for the storage of flood water for the protection of lands in the Tule Lake division. Water from Upper Klamath Lake is diverted to the main or " A" canal from the east side of Link River, the outlet of the lake, several hundred feet below the lake and a few I I / Klamath River near Klamath Falls k River diversion dam Alfalfa field near Malin, Oreg. Two cuttings are grown, which yield 2- 4 tons per acre on the older project lands, and 3- 6 in Tule Lake section hundred feet above Link River Dam. Water for all lands in the main and pumping divisions and for a portion of the lands in the Tule Lake division are diverted through the " A" canal. Additional water for the lands in the Tule Lake division is diverted from the Klamath River, through the Lost River diversion channel ( reversing the direction of flow), and spilled into Lost River, frcm which it is diverted to the " J" canal at a point about 3 miles southeasterly from Merrill, Oreg. At this point the river level is raised about 12 feet by means of the lower Lost River diversion dam, a concrete structure of the Ambursen type, with a crest length of 204 feet. The Lost River diversion channel leads off from Lost River at a point about 10 miles southeast of Klamath Falls, Oreg., immediately above a hollow U- shaped concrete dam which raises the river level about 23 feet. Prior to the Irrigating a 65- acre field of potatoes; showing application of m irrigation season the flow of Lost River is diverted to the Klamath River and wasted; however, after the spring flood flow of Lost River has passed and water for irrigation in the Tule Lake division is required, the flow of Lost River is ~ assed through the dam and down to the " J" canal. This flow is augmented, when demand is heavy, from Klamath River as indicated ahve. Lands on the east side of Langell Valley division are served by the north canal, which diverts water from Miller Creek at the Miller Creek Dam, located about 6 miles below Gerber Dam. At this point the water surface in Miller Creek is raised by placing flashboards against wooden trestles, the grade of the canal and that of the stream being substan-tially the same elevation. The lands on the west side of Lost River in the Langell Valley division are served by the West Canal, which diverts water from Lost River at the Malone Dam, located about 42 miles southeasterly from Klamath Falls, Oreg. At this point the level of Lost River is raised about 18 feet by means of an earth diversion dam. Clear Lake Reservoir provides storage for the West Canal. TOWNS Klamath Falls, Merrill, Malin, and Bonanza are project towns, the first named being the principal city in southern, Oregon east of the Cascades. It has a population of approximately 16,000 and is the distributing center for a large territory. Klamath County has a population of 32,400, one- half residing in the city of Klamath Falls and perhaps 4,000 more in suburban districts only a few miles away. Merrill and Malin are small towns within the irrigated area with populations of six or seven hundred each. In Klamath Basin are some 1,800 farms and approximately as many farm families. LUMBERING Approximately 30 mills and box factories are in operation, this district being the largest manufacturing center of box shook in the United States. The Klamath district contains the heaviest stand of yellow pine left in the United States. Throughout the spring, summer, and fall all lumber com-panies maintain large pay rolls both in the plants and in the lumber camps. Lumber contributes greatly to the heavy traffic originating at K! amath Falls, making this city the second largest shipping point in Oregon. The majority of the mills and box factories are located in or near Klamath Falls. T R A N S P O R T A T I O N Two main- line railways, the Southern Pacific and Great Northern, enter Klamath Falls and traverse the project throughout its longest dimension. Hard- surfaced highways radiate from Klamath Falls in all directions, connecting with Portland, Sun Francisco, and Salt Lake. These high-ways supplemented by county market roads penetrate all sections of the project, with the result that few farms are more than a mile from a hard- surfaced outlet. CLIMATE The Klamath Basin has a remarkably pleasant and healthful climate. Winters are not cold, and summers are not hot. Precipitation, which amounts to about 12): inches a year on the average, falls mainly from November to April. Late and early frosts are to be expected, and occasionally light frosts occur even in the summer months. me on the Main division of the project A G R I C U L T U R E The principal crops grown are potatoes, alfalfa, small grains, and vegetables. The yield of small grains in the Tule Lake area is unusually high. Oats frequently make 100 bushels per acre; barley runs from 60 to 80; and any good wheat field will thresh out more than 40 bushels per acre. Potatoes, when conditions are right, are par excelience the big money crop. A good yield of tubers is considered to be around 150 sacks of U. S. No. 1' s per acre, and every year a few fields are reported with yields of double that amount. The price for potatoes is unstable, depending on the market demand, and ranges from about 50 cents to $ 1.50 a sack. The quality of Klamath potatoes on the Sun Francisco market is recognized as the best, and the price usually ranges from 10 to 20 cents a sack higher than is paid for Washington and Idaho production. Flock of 6,000 turkeys being fattened for market L I V E S T O C K Cattle. On account of its geographical location, sur-rounded as it is with immense areas of sagebrush plateaus and forest ranges, the Klamath project is, and probably always will be, essentially a stock country. Its cheap forage, abundant water and mild winters offer ideal con-ditions for the wintering of range stock and the fattening of mature animals for market. Favorable feeding- in- transit rates for both grass and feed lot cattle have resulted in the fattening, locally, of thousands of range and outside cattle. The beef industry alone returns approximately $ 900,000 annually. There are several killing and manu-facturing plants located in Klamath Falls. Sheep. Approxinately 150,000 ewes are maintained in the Klamafh Basin with an average annual output of about three- quarters of a million dollars. From 75,000 to 100,000~ lambs~ afraet tened for market each year on the project. Sun Francisco js the principal market. licken ranch. The production of eggs chickens is an important industry A project Holstein dairy her Dairying. The dairying industry is increasing steadily on the project. There are now about 8,000 milk cows in the district. Klamath Falls, with its large industrial popu-lation, furnishes a good market for milk, butter, and cheese. Two local cooperative cheese manufacturing plants and four privately owned creameries operate in the district. The value of the dairy industry is approximately $ 600,000 annually. Local dairy prices for butterfat are maintained at l> e to 2 cents above the State average cwing to the favored position of the project-- half- way between Portland and Sun Francisco. This district offers many opportunities for increased dairying production, as costs are compara-tively low and climatic conditions are favorable. Ewes and lambs on Tule Lake leased lands OREGON - CALIFORNIA MAP NO. 27606 Scale of Miles 1 -- 0 1 2- 3 4 6 1

93. [Image] Recovery of wild salmonids in western Oregon forests : Oregon Forest Practices Act rules and the measures in the Oregon plan for salmon and watersheds


	"September 8, 1999."
	Citation Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Recovery of wild salmonids in western Oregon forests : Oregon Forest Practices Act rules and the measures in the Oregon plan for salmon and watersheds Author: Independent Multidisciplinary Science Team (Or.) Year: 1999, 2005 "September 8, 1999." Title: Recovery of wild salmonids in western Oregon forests : Oregon Forest Practices Act rules and the measures in the Oregon plan for salmon and watersheds Author: Independent Multidisciplinary Science Team (Or.) Year: 1999, 2005 "September 8, 1999."

94. [Image] Water rights in Oregon : an introduction to Oregon's water laws and water rights system


	CONTENTS THE WATER RESOURCES COMMISSION AND DEPARTMENT 1c "To serve the public by practicing and promoting wise long-term water management. " 1.¨REGON WATER LAWS 22 water management in Oregon 2.°ATER PROTECTIONS ...
	Citation Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Water rights in Oregon : an introduction to Oregon's water laws and water rights system Author: Oregon. Water Resources Dept. Year: 2004, 2005 CONTENTS THE WATER RESOURCES COMMISSION AND DEPARTMENT 1c "To serve the public by practicing and promoting wise long-term water management. " 1.¨REGON WATER LAWS 22 water management in Oregon 2.°ATER PROTECTIONS AND RESTRICTIONS 262011 managing water appropriations 3.¨BTAINING NEW WATER RIGHTS 185 gaining authorization to use water 4.¨THER WATER RIGHTS 197 authorization for water use 5.RANSFERRING WATER RIGHTS 1c1 existing rights for new uses 6.SANCELLING WATER RIGHTS 1c5 loss of water rights through non-use 7.SONSERVATION 1c8 encouraging efficient water use 8.xINDING WATER RIGHTS 1d1 determining if you have a water right 9.°ATER DISTRIBUTION AND ENFORCEMENT 1d2 watermasters and field staff protecting rights and resources 10.«EGION OFFICES AND WATERMASTER DISTRICTS 1d4 11.xEES 1d6 APPENDIX A 1d7 other development permits WATER RIGHTS IN OREGON Title: Water rights in Oregon : an introduction to Oregon's water laws and water rights system Author: Oregon. Water Resources Dept. Year: 2004, 2005 CONTENTS THE WATER RESOURCES COMMISSION AND DEPARTMENT 1c "To serve the public by practicing and promoting wise long-term water management. " 1.¨REGON WATER LAWS 22 water management in Oregon 2.°ATER PROTECTIONS AND RESTRICTIONS 262011 managing water appropriations 3.¨BTAINING NEW WATER RIGHTS 185 gaining authorization to use water 4.¨THER WATER RIGHTS 197 authorization for water use 5.RANSFERRING WATER RIGHTS 1c1 existing rights for new uses 6.SANCELLING WATER RIGHTS 1c5 loss of water rights through non-use 7.SONSERVATION 1c8 encouraging efficient water use 8.xINDING WATER RIGHTS 1d1 determining if you have a water right 9.°ATER DISTRIBUTION AND ENFORCEMENT 1d2 watermasters and field staff protecting rights and resources 10.«EGION OFFICES AND WATERMASTER DISTRICTS 1d4 11.xEES 1d6 APPENDIX A 1d7 other development permits WATER RIGHTS IN OREGON

95. [Image] The Oregon plan for salmon and watersheds


	KCAMATH FALLS. QREEON THE OREGON PLAN FOR SALMON AND WATERSHEDS The purpose of the Oregon Plan for Salmon and Watersheds ( the " Oregon Plan") as stated in the Plan and reaffirmed in this Executive Order ...
	Citation Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The Oregon plan for salmon and watersheds Author: Oregon. Office of the Governor Year: 1999, 2005, 2004 KCAMATH FALLS. QREEON THE OREGON PLAN FOR SALMON AND WATERSHEDS The purpose of the Oregon Plan for Salmon and Watersheds ( the " Oregon Plan") as stated in the Plan and reaffirmed in this Executive Order is to restore Oregon's wild salmon and trout populations and fisheries to sustainable and productive levels that will provide substantial environmental, cultural, and economic benefits and to improve water quality. The Oregon Plan is a long- term, ongoing effort that began as a focused set of actions by state, local, tribal and private organizations and individuals in October of 1995. The Oregon Plan first addressed coho salmon on the Oregon Coast, was then broadened to include steelhead trout on the coast and in the Lower Columbia River, and is now expanding to all at- risk wild salmonids throughout the state. The Oregon Plan addresses all factors for decline of these species, including watershed conditions arid fisheries, to the extent those factors can be affected by the state. The Oregon Plan was endorsed and funded by the Oregon Legislature in 1997 through Oregon Senate Bill 924 ( 1 997 Or. Laws, ch. 7) and House Bill 3700 ( 1 997 Or. Laws, ch.' 8). The Oregon Plan is described in two principal documents: " The Oregon Plan," dated March 1997, and " The Oregon Plan for Salmon and Watersheds, Supplement I - steelhbad," dated January 1998. As used in this Executive Order, + the Oregon Plan also incorporates the Healthy Streams Partnership ( Oregon Senate Bill 101 0, 1 993- Or. Laws, ch. 263). The Oregon Plan is a cooperative effort of state, local, federal, tribal and private organizations and individuals. Although the Oregon Plan contains a strong foundation of protective regulations -- continuing existing regulatory programs and speeding the implementation of others - an essential principle of the Plan is the need to move beyond prohibitions and to encourage efforts to improve conditions for salmon through non- regulatory means. Many of the most significant contributions to the Oregon Plan are private and quasi- governmental efforts to protect and . restore salmon on working landscapes, including efforts by watershed councils. Salmon and trout restoration requires action and sacrifice across the entire economic and geographic spectrum of Oregon. The commercial and sport fishing industries in Oregon have been heavily affected by complete or partial closures of fisheries. The forest industry operates under the Oregon Forest Practices Act, and has contributed substantially to salmon recovery through habitat restoration projects on private lands and by funding a large pan of the state recovery efforts. The agriculture and mining industries are also taking actions that will protect and restore salmon and trout habitat and improve water quality ( including financial support of restoration efforts by the mining industry). Urban areas are developing water conservation programs, spending funds for wastewater treatment improvements to reduce point source pollution, reducing non- point source pollution and reducing activities that degrade riparian areas. All citizens of Oregon share responsibility for declining populations of wild salmon and trout, and it is important that there be both a broad commitment to reversing these historic trends and a sense that the burdens of restoration are being shared by all of society. It is also important that there be independent scientific oversight of the Oregon Plan. This oversight is being provided by the Independent Mutidisciplinary Science Team ( IMST), established under Oregon Senate Bill 924 ( 1 997 Or. Laws, ch. 7). ~ d'ditional legislative oversight for the Oregon Plan is being provided by the Joint Legislative Committee on . Salmon and Stream Enhancement ( the " Joint Committee!'). Under the federal Endangered Species Act ( ESA) the U. S. Fish & Wildlife Service . . ( F& WS) and the National Marine Fisheries Service ( NMFS) are responsible for identifying species that are threatened or endangered, and for developing programs to conserve and recover lhose species. F& WS and NMFS have now listed salmonids under the ESA on the entire Oregon Coast, the lower Columbia River ( including most of the Portland metropolitan area). the la math River basin, and in the upper Columbia and Snake River basins. More listings are expected within the next year. To date, the F& WS and NMFS generally have not had the resources to develop and implement effective recovery plans for fisheries. In addition, in many areas a large proportion of the habitat that list'ed'salmonids depend on is located on private lands, where the regulatory tools under the ESA are relatively ' ill- defined and indirect. Finally, federal agencies alone, even if they take an active regulatory approach. to recovery, will not restore listed salmonids. The federal ESA may work to prohibit certain actions, but there is simply too much habitat on private lands for restoration to succeed without pro- active involvement and incentives for individuals, groups, and local governments to take affirmative actions to restore habitat on working landscapes. In April, 1997 the State of Oregon and NMFS entered into a Memorandum of Agreement ( MOA) under which the State agreed to continue existing measures under the March 1997 Oregon Plan and to take certain additional actions to protect and restbre coho salmon on the Oregon Coast. On May 6, 1997, NMFS determined that the Oregon Coast Evolutionarily Significant Unit ( ESU) of coho salmon did not warrant listing as a threatened or endangered species under the ESA. On June 2, 1998, the US. District Court for Oregon ordered NMFS to reconsider its decision without taking into account any parts of the Oregon Plan or MOA that are not " current enforceable measures." The U. S. District Court for Oregon also held that the MOA was speculative, due to the fact that it provided for termination by either party on thirty days notice, and that therefore the MOA could not be considered by NMFS ' in its listing decision. Under court order, NMFS reconsidered its decision without taking into account the application in the future of the harvest and hatchery measures contained in the Oregon Plan, or the habitat improvement programs being undertaken under the Oregon Plan, or the commitments made by the State of Oregon in the MOA for improvement of applicable habitat measures. Accordingly, NMFS listed Oregon Coast .. . coho as threatened undefthe ESA on or about October 2, 1998. - The MOA provided for the State of Oregon to take actions necessary to ensfie that - Oregon Coast coho did not warrant listing as a threatened or endangered species under the federal ESA. Now that Oregon Coast coho are listed as a threatened species as a- result of the U. S. District Court's order, the central purpose of the MOA has been eliminated. Due to the uncertainties created by the District Court's decision and the increasing extent of salmonids listed or proposed for listing under the federal ESA, it is important that the status of the State of Oregon's substantive commitments under the MOA and the purpose of the Oregon Plan be clarified. Through this Executive Order, the State of Oregon reaffirms its intent to play the leading role in protecting and restoring Oregon Coast coho and other salmonids. through the implementation of the Oregon Plan. This Executive Order provides the framework and direction for state agencies to implement ( to the extent of their authorities) the Oregon Plan in a timely and effective manner. This Executive Order also provides a framework for extending the state's efforts beyond a focus on Oregon Coast coho, to watersheds and fisheries statewide. Consistent with the principle of adaptive management, this Order applies the experience gained to date in implementing the Oregon Plan to provide additional detailed direction to state agencies. Finally, this Executive Order establishes a public involvement process to prioritize continuing efforts under the Oregon Plan. NOW THEREFORE, IT IS HEREBY ORDERED AND DIRECTED: ( 1) Overall Direction ( a) Agencies of the State of Oregon will, consistent with their authorities, fully implement the state agency efforts described in the Oregon Plan and in this Executive Order. ( b) The overall objective for state agencies under the Oregon Plan and this Executive Order is to protect and restore salmonids and to improve water quality. ( c) The Governor will, in cooperation with the Joint Committee, IMST, affected state agencies, watershed councils, and other affected local entities and persons develop and implement, a process to set biological and habitat goals and objectives to protect and restore salmonids on a basin or regional basis as soon as practicable. Once these goals and objectives are established, they will be used by state agencies . . . to evaluate their regulatory and non- regulatory programs and measures relating to the protection and re'storation of salmonids. Through this on- going evaluation, state agencies will determine any changes to their programs or measures that may be necessary to meet the biological and habitat goals and objectives. In the interim, the following objectives in subsections ( d) and ( e) shall apply to agencies' implem'entation of the OregGn Plan and this Executive Order. . . ( d) Actions that state agencies take, fund and/ or authorize that are primarily for a purpose other than restoration of salmonids or the habitat they depend upon will, considering the anticipated duration and geographic scope of the actions: ( A) to the maximum extent practicable minimize and mitigate adverse effects of the actions on salmoni. ds or the habitat they depend on; and ( 8) not appreciably reduce the likelihood of the survival and recovery of salmonids in the wild. ( e) State agencies will take, fund and/ or authorize actions that are primarily for the purpose of restoring salmonids or the habitat they depend upon, including actions implementing the Oregon Plan, with the goal of producing a conservation benefit that ( if taken together with comparable and related actions by all persons and entities within the range of the species) is likely to result in sustainable population levels of salmonids in the foreseeable future, and in population levels of salmonids that provide substantial environmental, cultural and economic benefits to Oregonians in the long term. ( f) With the broadening of the Oregon Plan,' prioritizing all agency actions according to coho core areas is no longer appropriate. Each state agency participating in the Oregon Plan, in consultation with ODFW and other partners involved in the implementation of the Plan and through a public involvement process, will modify their existing work programs in the Oregon Plan to prioritize agency measures to protect and restore salmonids in a timely and effective manner. The work programs will continue to identify key specific outcomes, refine and improve designations of priority areas, and establish completion dates. These modifications will be submitted to the , Governor, the Joint Committee, and to the appropriate boards and commissions as soon as possible, but in no event later than June 1, 1999. Progress reports on action plans will be submitted to the Governor, the Joint Committee, and to the appropriate boards and commissions on an annual basis. In prioritizing their efforts,' state agencies shall consider how to maximize conservation -, benefits for salmonids and the habitat they depend on within limited resources and - . whether their- actions are likely to increase populations of salmonids in the foreseeable future. I p ( g) State agencies will work cooperatively with landowners, local entities and other persons taking actions to protect or restore salmonids. ( h) As the Oregon Plan grows in geographic scope and . in intensity of activity,' there is a growing need to streamline and prioritize state agency activity at the . regional level. One proposal has been to organize state natural resource agency field operations along hydrologic units. Therefore, state agencies will consider this proposal and, through the collective efforts of state agency directors, develop an organization plan that focuses state agency field effort on the activities and areas of highest priority under the Oregon Plan. ( i) State. agencies will continue to encourage and work with agencies of the U. S. government to implement the federal measures described in the Oregon Plan.. In addition, the state agencies will work with the federal government to develop additional means of protecting and restoring salmonids. Where appropriate, state agencies will request that federal agencies obtain incidental take permits under Section 7 of the federal ESA for state actions that ace funded or authorized by a , federal agency. ( j) State agencies will help support efforts to evaluate watershed conditions, and to develop'specific strategic plans to provide for flood management, water quality improvement, and salmonid restoration in basins around the state, including the Willamette basin through the Willamette Restoration Initiative. ( k) The IMST will continue to provide oversight to ensure the use of the best scientific information available as the basis for implementation of and for adaptive changes to the Oregon Plan. State agencies will ensure that the IMST receives data and other information reasonably required for its functions in a timely manner. The Governor's Natural Resources Office ( GNRO) has requested that the IMST's initial priority be review of the freshwater habitat needs of coho and the relationship between population levels, escapement levels, and habitat characteristics. The GNRO also will continue to request that the IMST annually review monitoring results and identify where the Oregon Plan warrants change for scientific or technical reasons and make recommend& ions to the appropriate agency on those adjustments that appear necessary. Agencies will report their responses to any recommendations by . . the IMST to the Governor and to the Joint Committee. Any other changes identified by the IMST as necessary to achieve properly functioning riparian and aquatic habitat conditions required to, protect and restore salmonids will be forwarded to the appropriate governmental entity for its consideration of the adoption of new, changed, or supplemental measures as rapidly as possible while providing for public involvement: Each state agency, by June 1, 1999, will ratify a monitoring team charter through an interagency memorandum. A draft of the charter is contained in the 1998 Oregon Plan Annual Report. ( I) Monitoring is a key element of the Oregon Plan. Each state agency will actively support the monitoring strategy described in the Oregon Plan. Each affected agency will participate on the monitoring team to coordinate activities and integrate analyses. Each agency will implement . an appropriate monitoring program to assess the effectiveness of their programs and measures in meeting the objectives set forth in the Oregon Planon an annual basis. In addition, agencies with regulatory programs that are included in the Oregon Plan will determine levels of compliance with regulatory standards and identify and act on opportunities to improve compliance levels: ( m) If information gathered regarding the effectiveness of measures in the Oregon Plan shows that existing strategies within state control are not achie, ving expected improvements and objectives, the agency( ies1 responsible for those measures will seek appropriate changes in their regulations, policies, programs, r-measures and other areas of the Oregon Plan, as required to protect and restore coho and other sal'monids. Such modification or supplementation will be done as rapidly as possible, consistent with public involvement. ( n) Agencies are using geographically- referenced data in their efforts under the Oregon Plan, and will be using Geographic Information Systems ( GIs) in the analysis of these , data. In doing so, the State GIs Plan, developed by the Oregon Geographic lnformation Council ( OGIC) ( see Executive Order 96- 40) will be followed, with specific adherence to the Plan guidance on data documentation, coordination and data sharing. The agency with primary responsibility for gathering and updating the specific data will be responsible for meeting the requirements of the Plan, and to ensure coordination- with OGIC, the State Service Center for GIs and other' cooperating agencies. In addition, state agencies will cooperate with the Governor's Watershed Enhancement Board ( GWEB), Soil and. Water Conservation Districts ( SWCDs), local waters$ ed councils, landowners and others in making these essential data available. ( 0) Geographically- based strategies to assess and achieve habitat needs and adequate escapement levels will be used, and the state agencies will continue with the development of standardized watershed assessment protocols, including a -- cumulative effects assessment. State agencies will also continue with the development of habitat restoration guides to evaluate and direct habitat restoration efforts. ( 2) Continuation and Expansion of Existing Efforts. Without limiting the generality of section ( l)( a) of this Executive Order, the following subsections of this Executive Order describe some of the many efforts in the Oregon Plan where the initial phase of work has been completed, and where efforts will be continued. ( a) The Oregon Fish & Wildlife Commission ( OFWC), the Oregon Department of Fish & Wildlife ( ODFW), and the Pacific Fishery Management Council ( PFMC) are managing ocean and terminal fisheries according to the measures set forth in the Oregon Plan ( ODFW I- A. l and Ill- A. l). These measures set a maximum mortality rate ( resulting from other fisheries) for any of four disaggregated stocks of coho of fifteen percent ( 1 5%) under poor ocean conditions. In 1997, the mortality rate. from harvest is estimated to have been between nine and eleven percent ( 9- 1 1 %). ODFW and OFWC will continue these measures in state waters, and will actively support continued implementation of the ocean harvest measures by the PFMC ( Amendment 13 to the Council's salmon management plan) until and unless a different management regime agreeable to NMFS is adopted. ( b) The OFWC and ODFW will ensure that the fish hatchery measures set forth in the Oregon Plan are continued by the OFWC and ODFW. ODFW is marking all hatchery coho on the Oregon Coast. This marking will allow increased certainty in estimating hatchery stray rates beginning in 1999. Available data on hatchery stray rates for coho and steelhead are being provided to NMFS on an annual basis. The number of hatchery coho released is estimated to have been 1.7 million in 1998 - substantially below the level called for in the Oregon Plan. This number will be reduced to 1.2 million in 1999. In addition, ODFW has, and will continue to provide. annual reports regarding: ( i) the number of juvenile hatchery coho that are released by brood year, locations and dates of release, life stage, and broodstock origin; ( ii) the number of adult coho taken for broodstock for each hatchery, the location and date of collection, and the origin ( hatchery or natural); ( iii) the number of hatchery coho . . estimated to have spawned in natural habitat by basin; ( iv) the estimated percentage of hatchery coho% the total natural spawning population; and ( v) the mortality of naturally- spawning coho resulting from each fishery. NMFS may provide comments about hatchery prograk affecting coho to ODFW, with any concerns to be resolved between NMFS and ODFW. - - ( c) ln addition to recent modifications to hatchery practices and programs, a new vision is needed for how Oregon will utilize hatcheries in the best and most effective manner. Therefore, the ODFW and the OFWC shall engage in a process to create a strategic plan for fish hatcheries in Oregon over the next decade ( including state and federally- funded hatcheries, private hatcheries, and the STEP program). The essential elements of this process are as follows: ( i) Impartial analysis - conduct an impartial analysis of the scientific bases, and the social and economic effects of Oregon hatchery programs utilizing existing analyses and review where feasible, but conducting new analyses if necessary; ( ii) Review the Wild Fish Management Policy ( WFMP) - because the future plan for hatcheries in Oregon is dependent on implementation of the WFMP, ODFW shall conduct a science and stakeholder review to determine if this significant policy should be revised and shall make any revision by July 2000; ( iii) Frame alternative strategies -- convene a group of stockholders to . frame alternative strategies, including outcomes and descriptions, of how hatcheries will be used in Oregon over the next decade ( these strategies will address the use of hatcheries for wild fish population recovery including supplementation, research and monitoring, public education, and sport and commercial fishing opportunities); ( iv) Public review and selection of a strategy -- the OFWC shall, after public review and ' ;-'-!&%; f$'. i comment, adopt a strategic plan to guide development of future hatchery programs, incorporating the strategy developed and adopted in accordance with subpart ( iii) of this paragraph. ( d) Criteria and guidelines directing the design of projects that may affect fish passage have been established in a Memorandum of Understanding ( MOU) between the Oregon Department of Transportation ( ODOT), ODFW, the Oregon Department of Forestry ( ODF), the Oregon Department of Agriculture ( ODA), the Division of State Lands ( DSL) and the Federal Highway Administration. These guidelines apply to the design, construction and consultations of projects affecting fish passage. Under the MOU, projects requiring regulatory approvals that follow these criteria and guidelines are expedited. Oregon agencies will continue to provide technical assistance to ensure that the criteria and guidelines are applied appropriately in restoration projects, as well as any other projects that may affect fish passage through road crossings and similar structures. ODFW will work with state agencies, local governments, and watershed councils to ensure that Oregon's standards for fish passage set forth in Exhibit A to the MOU are understood and are implemented. - ( e) Fish presence, stream habitat, road and culvert surveys have been conducted for roads within ODOT jurisdiction and county roads in coastal basins, the Lower Columbia basin, the Willamette basin, and the Grande Ronbe/ lmnaha basins. Among the results of these surveys is the finding that culvert barriers to fish passage affect a substantial quantity of salmonid habitat. For example, surveys of county and state highways in western Oregon found over 1,200 culverts that are barriers to passage. As a result, ODOT is placing additional priority on restoring fish access. For 1998, ODOT repaired or replaced 35 culverts restoring access to 101 miles of salmonid habitat. For 1999, the Oregon Transportation Commission will be asked to fund approximately $ 4.0 million for culvert modification. ODOT and the Commission will continue to examine means to speed restoration of fish passage and to coordinate priorities with ODFW. ( f) Draft watershed assessment protocols have been developed and are being field tested. Beginning in 1999, SWCDs, watershed councils and others will be able to use the protocols as the basis for action plans to identify and prioritize opportunities to protect and restore salmonids. Watershed action plans have already been completed in a number of basins including the Rogue, Coos, Coquille and Grande Ronde. State agencies will work to support these watershed assessments and plans to the maximum extent practicable. Where watershed action plans have been developed under the protocols, GWEB will ensure that projects funded through the Watershed Improvement Grant Fund are consistent with watershed action plans, and other state agencies will work with SWCDs and watershed councils to ensure that activities they authorize, fund or undertake are consistent with watershed action plans to the maximum extent practicable. ( g) The State of Oregon has developed interim aquatic habitat restoration and enhancement guidelines for 1998. State agencies involved with restoration activities ( ODFW, ODF, DSL, ODA, DEQ, and GWEB) will continue to develop and refine the interim guidelines for final publication in April 1999. The guidelines will be applied in restoration activities funded or authorized by state agencies. The purpose of ' the guidelines will be to define aquatic restoration and to identify and encourage aquatic habitat restoration techniques to restore salmonids. . . ( h) ODA and O ~ hFave each entered into a Memorandum of Understanding with the Oregon Department'of Environmental Quality relating to the development of . Total Maximum Daily Loads ( TMDLs) and Water Quality Management Area Plans ( WQMAPs). O Dw~ ill adopt. a nd implement WQMAPs ( through the Healthy Streams Partnership) and ODF , will review the adequacy of forest practices rules to meet water quality standards. ODF and ODA will evaluate the effectiveness of these measures in achieving water quality standards on a regular basis and implement any changes required to meet the standards. ( i) Agencies are implementing a coordinated monitoring program, as described in the Oregon Plan. This program includes technical support and standardized protocols for watershed councils, stream habitat surveys, forest practice effectiveness monitoring, water withdrawal monitoring, ambient water quality monitoring, and biotic index studies, as well as fish presence surveys and salmonid abundance and survival monitoring in selected subbasins. State agencies are also' working to coordinate monitoring efforts by state, federal, and local entities, including watershed councils. State agencies will work actively to ensure that the monitoring measures' in the Oregon Plan are continued. - .. ( j) GWEB has put into place new processes for identifying and coordinating the delivery of financial and technical assistance to individuals, agencies, watershed councils and soil and water conservation districts as they implement watershed ' restoration projects to improve water quality and restore aquatic resources. Over $ 25 ' million has been distributed for watershed restoration projects in the last ten years. During the present ( 1 997- 99 biennium) GWEB has awarded over $ 1 2 million dollars in f- state and federal funds for technical'assistance and watershed restoration activities to implement the Oregon Plan. GWEB and state agencies will continue to seek financial resources to be allocated by GWEB for watershed restoration activities at the local and. statewide levels. ( k) State agencies will continue to encourage, support and work to provide incentives for local, tribal, and private . efforts to implement the Oregon Plan. In addition, state agencies will continue to provide financial assistance to local entities for projects to protect and restore salmonids to the extent consistent with their budgetary and legal authorities, and consistent with their work programs in the Oregon Plan. To the. maximum extent practicable, state agencies will also provide technical assistance and planning tools to provide local conservation groups to assist in and target watershed restoration efforts. These efforts ( during 1996 and 1997) are reported in " The Oregon. Plan for Salmon and Watersheds: Watershed Restoration Inventory, 1998." ~ u s c afe w of the important efforts that have been completed include: ( A) Eighty- two watershed councils have joined with forty- five Soil and Water Conservation Districts as well as private and public landowners to implement on- the- ground projects' to protect and restore salmonids. During 1996 and 1997, a reported $ 27.4 million was spent on 1,234 watershed restoration projects on non-federal lands. Both the amount spent and the number of projects represent significant increases ( of over 300 percent) over prior years. In 1996- 97, watershed councils, SWCDs and other organizations and individuals completed: ( i) 138 stream fencing projects, involving at least 301 miles of streambank; ( ii) 196 riparian area planting projects, involving at least 11 1 miles of streams; and ( iii) 458 instream habitat improvement projects. . . . ( B) Private and state forest landowners are implementing key efforts under the Oregon Plan, including the road risk and remediation program ( ODF- 1 and 2). Under this effort in 1996 and 1997, close to 4,000 miles of roads'have been surveyed to identify risks that the roads may pose to salmonid habitat. As the risks are identified, they are then prioritized for remediation following an established. protocol. Already, 52 miles of forest roads have been closed, 843 miles of road repair and reconstruction projects to - protect salmonid habitat have been completed, and an additional 14 miles of roads have been decommissioned or relocated.. In addition, 530 culverts have been replaced, upgraded or installed for fish passage purposes, improving access to a reported 146 stream miles. ( C) Organizations working in Tillamook County have developed the I ." J aw#~ t Tillamook County Performance Partnership. The Partnership is implementing the \. Tillamook Bay National Estuary Program by addressing water quality, fisheries, floodplain management and economic development in the county. Among the actions that the Partnership has already accomplished are: ( i) the closure of seven miles of degraded forest roads and the rehabilitation of 469 miles of roads to meet current standards, at a cost of $ 1 8 million; ( ii) the fencing of 53 miles of streambank, and the construction of three cattle bridges and 100 alternative cattle watering sites, at a cost of $ 214,000; and ( iii) the completion of 24 instream restoration projects and 34 barbs protecting 4,200 feet of streambank, at a cost of $ 1.3 million dollars. ( D) The Confederated Tribes of the Grande Ronde Community of Oregon have completed a forest management plan that establishes standards for the protection of aquatic resources that are comparable to those found in the Aquatic Conservation Strategy ' of the Northwest Forest Plan. . % ( E) A combination of funding from the Oregon Wildlife Heritage Foundation and the National Fish and Wildlife Heritage Foundation ( private, non- profit organizations) is provi, ding support for seven biologists to design restoration projects. These projects are prioritized based on stream surveys, and are carried out with the voluntary participation and support of landowners. A ten- year monitoring plan has been funded- and implemented to determine project effectiveness: ( F) The Oregon Cattlemen's Association has implemented its WESt Program that is designed to help landowners better understand their watersheds and stream functions through assessments and monitoring. h he WESt Program brings landowners together along stream reaches, and offers a series of workshops, conducted on a site specific basis, free of charge. The workshops include riparian ecology, setting goals and objectives, Proper Functioning Condition ( PFC), data. collection and monitoring. Over 25 workshops have been held, with attendance ranging from 5 to 30 landowners per workshop. The WESt Program is sponsored by the Oregon Cattlemen's Association, DEQ, Oregon State University, and GWEB. ( G) Within the Tillamook State Forest road network 1,902 culverts have been replaced or added to'improve road drainage and to disconnect storm water runoff from roads reducing stream sediment impacts. Additionally, some of these culverts also improved fish passage at stream crossings. In this process, ODF has also replaced six culverts with bridges improving fish passage to approximately four miles of stream. The Tillamook State Foresl in conjunction with many partners, such F-as the Association of Northwest Steelheaders, G W EB, Simpson Timber Company, Tillamook County, the FishAmerica Foundation, Hardrock Construction Company, the Oregon Wildlife Heritage Foundation, the F& WS, the Oregon Youth Conservation Corps, Columbia Helicopters and Terra Helicopters, has also recently completed instream placement of over 400 rootwads, trees and boulders at a cost of $ 300,000 for habitat enhancement. ( 3) Key Agency Efforts. Continuation and completion of the following state agency efforts is critical to the success of the Oregon Plan. State agencies will make continuation or completion ( as appropriate) of the following efforts a high priority. ( a) The State of Oregon and the US. Department of Agriculture have entered into a Conservation Reserve Enhancement Program ( CREP). This cost- share program, one of the first of its kind, . will be used to reduce the impacts of agricultural practices through water quality. add habitat improvement. The objectives of the CREP are to: ( i) provide incentives'for farmers and ranchers to establish riparian buffers; ( ii) protect - . and restore at least 4,000 miles of stream habitat by providing up to 95,000 acres of riparian buffeis; ( i4) restore up to 5,000 acres of wetlands that will benefit salmonids; and ( iv) provide a mechanism for farmers and ranchers to comply with Oregon's ,- Senate Bill 101 0 ( 1 993 Or. Laws, ch. 263). ( b) ODF will work with non- industrial forest landowners to'administer the Stewardship Incentive Program and the Forest Resources Trust programs to protect and restore riparian and wetland areas that benefit salmonids. ( c) The Oregon Board of Forestry will determine, with the assistance of an advisory committee, to what extent changes to forest practices are needed to meet state water quality standards and to protect and restore salmonids. A substantial body of information regarding the effectiveness of current practices is being . developed. This information includes: ( i) the IMST report regarding . the role of forest practices and forest habitat in protecting and restoring salmonids; and ( ii) a series of - monitoring projects that include the Storms of 1996 study, a riparian areas study, a stream temperature study, and a road drainage study. Using this information, as well as other available scientific information including scientific information from NMFS, the advisory committee will make recommendations to the Board at both site and watershed scales on threats to salmonid habitat relating to sediment, water temperature, freshwater habitat needs, roads and fish passage. Based on the advisory committee's recommendations and other scientific information, the Board will make every effort to make its determinations by June 1999. The Board may . . determine that the most effective means of achieving any necessary changes to . - d;.~ .; i;. z . I:@;.. %- .~ + k forest practices is through regulatory changes, statutory changes or through other programs . including programs to create incentives for forest landowners. In the event that the Board determines that legislative changes. are necessary to carry out its determinations, the Board will transmit any recommendations for such changes to the . Governor and to the Joint Committee at the earliest possible date. ( d) Consistent with administrative rule, and statutory and constitutional mandates for the management of state forests, ODF State Forest management plans will include an aquatic conservation strategy that has a high likelihood of protecting and restoring properly functioning aquatic habitat for salmonids on state forest lands. ( e) ODF will present to NMFS a Habitat Conservation Plan ( HCP) under Section 10 of the federal ESA that includes the Clatsop and Tillamook State Forests. ODF has already completed scierkific review and has public review underway for this draft HCP. The scientific and public review comments will be considered by ODF in . . completing the draft HCP. The draft HCP will be presented to NMFS by June 1999. An HCP for the ~ jliotSt tate Forest was approved by the US. Fish & Wildlife Service in 1995. In October af 1997, ODF and DSL forwarded the Elliott State Forest HCP to NMFS with the request that it be reviewed to determine whether it has a high likelihood of protecting and restoring properly functioning aquatic habitat conditions on state forest lands necessary to protect and restore salmonids. Based on discussions surrounding the NMFS review, ODF and DSL will determine what revisions, if any, are required to the Elliott HCP and/ or Forest Management Plan to ensure a high likelihood of protecting and restoring properly functioning aquatic habitat for salmonids. ( f) Before the OFWC adopts and implements fishery regulations that may result in taking of coho, ODFW will provide NMFS with'all available scientific information and analyses pertinent to the proposed regulation where the harvest measures are not under the jurisdiction of the PFMC, including results of the Oregon Plan monitoring and evaluation program. This information, together with the proposed regulation and supporting analysis, will be provided at least two weeks prior to the OFWC's action, to give NMFS time to review and comment on the proposed regulations. ( g) ODFW will evaluate the effects of predation on salmonids, and . will . work with . affected federal agencies to determine whether changes to programs and law relating to predation are warranted in order to protect and restore salmonids. P ( h) Under Oregon Senate Bill 101 0 ( 1 993 Or. Laws, ch. 2631, ODA will adopt Agricultural Water Qualify Management Area Plans ( AWQMAPs) for Tier I and Tier ll watersheds by the end of 2002. The AWQMAPs will be designed and implemented to meet load allocations for agriculture needed to achieve state water quality . . standards. In addition, ODA will work with ODFW, DEQ, GWEB, SWCDs, federal . agencies and watershed councils to determine to what extent additional measures related to achieving properly functioning riparian and aquatic habitat on agricultural lands are needed to protect and restore salmonids, giving attention first to priority areas identified in. the Oregon Plan. In the event ODA is unable to reach a consensus regarding such measures, ODA will ask the IMST to review areas of substantive ' scientific disagreement and to'make recommendations to ODA regarding how they should be resolved. In the event that legislative changes are needed to implement such measures, ODA will transmit any recommendations for such changes to. the Governor and to the Joint Committee at the earliest possible date. In addition, any measures identified as rieeded by ODA will be implemented at the earliest practicable time. * . ( i) ODFW will expedite its applications for instream water rights and OWRD will process such applications promptly where flow deficits are identified as adversely affecting salmonids, and where such rights. are not already in place. The Oregon - water Resources Department ( OWRD) and the Oregon Water Resources Commission ( OWRC) will- also seek to facilitate flow restoration targeted to streams identified by OWRD and ODFW as posing the most critical low- flow barriers to salmonids. In addition, where necessary, OWRD will continue to work with the Oregon State Police to provide enforcement of water use. Where illegal water uses are identified, OWRD will ensure outcomes consistent with maintenance and restoration of flows. ( j) The Oregon Environmental Quality commission ( EQC). and DEQ will evaluate and will make every effort to utilize their authorities to continue to provide additional protection to . priority areas ( as determined under section 1 ( f) of this Executive Order), including in- stream flow protection under state law, and antidegradation policy under . the federal Clean Water Act ( including Outstanding Resource Waters designations . and high quality waters designations). . ( k) DSL has proposed to adopt changes to its Essential Salmonid Habitat rules that will provide additional protection for spawning and rearing areas of anadromous salmonids. In addition, ODFW and DSL will consult with the OWRC to determine where it is necessary to administratively close priority areas ( including ' work under General Authorizations) to fill and removal activities in order to protect salmonids. . . DSL, ODFW, ODF and ODA also will work together to identify means of regulating the . uy- w :.-:: st. removal of organic material ( such as large woody debris) from streams where such removal would adversely affect salmonids and would not be contrary to other agency mandates. ( I) DSL will seek the advice of the IMST regarding whether gravel removal affects gravel and/ or sediment budgets in a manner that adversely affects salmonids. ( m) The Department of Land Conservation and ~ e v e l o p r n e n t ' ( ~ ~ acn~ d ) th, e Land Conservation- and Development Commission ( LCDC) will evaluate and, to the extent feasible, speed implementation of existing Goal 5 requirements for riparian corridors. ( n) DLCD, DEQ, ODF, ODA, ODFW, and DSL and their respective boards and commissions will evaluate and implement programs to protect and restore riparian vegetation for the purposes of achieving statewide water quality standards and . . protecting and restoring a aquatic habitat for salmonids. ' ( 0) DLCD, with, the assistance of DSL and ODFW, and in consultation with coastal cities and counties, shall review the requirements of Statewide Planning Goal i 6 as they pertain to estuarine resources important to the restoration of salmonids, and shall, report its findings to LCDC for its consideration. ( p) The Oregon State Police will work to facilitate the existing cooperative relationship with the NMFS Office of ~ a Ewnfo rcement, as well as tomaintain cooperation with other enforcement entities, in order to enhance law enforcement, public awareness and voluntary compliance related to harvest, habitat and other issues addressed in the Oregon Plan. ( q) The Oregon Parks and Recreation Department will continue to work to p. rovide information and education to the public on salmon and steelhead needs through park programs and interpretive aids. ( r) The Oregon Marine Board will work to ensure fish friendly boating and to develop boating facilities that protect salmonids. ( s) State natural resource agencies will continue, to the extent feasible, to support watershed councils by providing technical assistance to develop watershed assessments, restoration plans and to develop watershed priorities to benefit 7- salmonids. In addition, state natural resource agencies will work'on a larger . .:.... watershed scale to develop basin- wide restoration priorities. ( 4) Future Modifications; Public Involvement for the Oregon Plan Generally. The GNRO will solicit public co'mments and input from participants in the Oregon Plan regarding whether there are refinements or changes to the Plan and/ or the organizational framework for implementing the Plan that are necessary or desirable based on the experience gained over the past three years, or resulting from the widespread listings and proposed listings of salmon and trout under the federal ESA. Based on this public involvement, the GNRO will provide a report and recommendations to the Governor and the Joint Committee regarding whether modifications are necessary to the Oregon Plan in order to protect and restore coho and other salmonids. ( 5) Definitions. For purioses'of this Executive Order: . . ( aj The " Oregon Plan" means the Oregon Coastal Salmon Recovery lnitiative, dated March 1991, and the Steelhead. Supplement, dated January 1998. " Oregon Plan," as used in this Order, is intended to be consistent with the definition of the' Oregon Coastal Salmon Recovery lnitiative in Oregon Senate Bill 924 ( 1997 Or. Laws, .- cti. 7), and to include the Healthy Streams Partnership ( 1 993 Or. Laws, ch. 263). -. - ( b) " Protect" has the meaning given in section ( l)( d) of this Executive Order. ( c) " Restore" has the meaning'given in section ( l)( e) of this Executive Order. Restore necessarily includes actions to manage salmonids to provide for adequate escapement levels, and actions to increase the quantity and improve the quality of properly functioning habitat upon which salmonids depend. ( d) " Coho" means native wild coho salmon found in rivers and lakes along the Oregon Coast. ( el " Salmonids" means native wild salmon, char and trout in the State of Oregon. ( 6) Effective Date; Relation to Federal ESA. This Executive Order will take effect on the date that it is filed with the Secretary of State. The State of Oregon will continue to work with NMFS to determine the appropriate relationship between the Oregon Plan and NMFS's efforts under the federal ESA. Done at Salem, Oregon, this $ day of & ~ 4 y , 1999. ha26 . ~ it& er, M. D. Suz adnd .~. ow& end DEPUTY SECR~ ARYOF - STATE Title: The Oregon plan for salmon and watersheds Author: Oregon. Office of the Governor Year: 1999, 2005, 2004 KCAMATH FALLS. QREEON THE OREGON PLAN FOR SALMON AND WATERSHEDS The purpose of the Oregon Plan for Salmon and Watersheds ( the " Oregon Plan") as stated in the Plan and reaffirmed in this Executive Order is to restore Oregon's wild salmon and trout populations and fisheries to sustainable and productive levels that will provide substantial environmental, cultural, and economic benefits and to improve water quality. The Oregon Plan is a long- term, ongoing effort that began as a focused set of actions by state, local, tribal and private organizations and individuals in October of 1995. The Oregon Plan first addressed coho salmon on the Oregon Coast, was then broadened to include steelhead trout on the coast and in the Lower Columbia River, and is now expanding to all at- risk wild salmonids throughout the state. The Oregon Plan addresses all factors for decline of these species, including watershed conditions arid fisheries, to the extent those factors can be affected by the state. The Oregon Plan was endorsed and funded by the Oregon Legislature in 1997 through Oregon Senate Bill 924 ( 1 997 Or. Laws, ch. 7) and House Bill 3700 ( 1 997 Or. Laws, ch.' 8). The Oregon Plan is described in two principal documents: " The Oregon Plan," dated March 1997, and " The Oregon Plan for Salmon and Watersheds, Supplement I - steelhbad," dated January 1998. As used in this Executive Order, + the Oregon Plan also incorporates the Healthy Streams Partnership ( Oregon Senate Bill 101 0, 1 993- Or. Laws, ch. 263). The Oregon Plan is a cooperative effort of state, local, federal, tribal and private organizations and individuals. Although the Oregon Plan contains a strong foundation of protective regulations -- continuing existing regulatory programs and speeding the implementation of others - an essential principle of the Plan is the need to move beyond prohibitions and to encourage efforts to improve conditions for salmon through non- regulatory means. Many of the most significant contributions to the Oregon Plan are private and quasi- governmental efforts to protect and . restore salmon on working landscapes, including efforts by watershed councils. Salmon and trout restoration requires action and sacrifice across the entire economic and geographic spectrum of Oregon. The commercial and sport fishing industries in Oregon have been heavily affected by complete or partial closures of fisheries. The forest industry operates under the Oregon Forest Practices Act, and has contributed substantially to salmon recovery through habitat restoration projects on private lands and by funding a large pan of the state recovery efforts. The agriculture and mining industries are also taking actions that will protect and restore salmon and trout habitat and improve water quality ( including financial support of restoration efforts by the mining industry). Urban areas are developing water conservation programs, spending funds for wastewater treatment improvements to reduce point source pollution, reducing non- point source pollution and reducing activities that degrade riparian areas. All citizens of Oregon share responsibility for declining populations of wild salmon and trout, and it is important that there be both a broad commitment to reversing these historic trends and a sense that the burdens of restoration are being shared by all of society. It is also important that there be independent scientific oversight of the Oregon Plan. This oversight is being provided by the Independent Mutidisciplinary Science Team ( IMST), established under Oregon Senate Bill 924 ( 1 997 Or. Laws, ch. 7). ~ d'ditional legislative oversight for the Oregon Plan is being provided by the Joint Legislative Committee on . Salmon and Stream Enhancement ( the " Joint Committee!'). Under the federal Endangered Species Act ( ESA) the U. S. Fish & Wildlife Service . . ( F& WS) and the National Marine Fisheries Service ( NMFS) are responsible for identifying species that are threatened or endangered, and for developing programs to conserve and recover lhose species. F& WS and NMFS have now listed salmonids under the ESA on the entire Oregon Coast, the lower Columbia River ( including most of the Portland metropolitan area). the la math River basin, and in the upper Columbia and Snake River basins. More listings are expected within the next year. To date, the F& WS and NMFS generally have not had the resources to develop and implement effective recovery plans for fisheries. In addition, in many areas a large proportion of the habitat that list'ed'salmonids depend on is located on private lands, where the regulatory tools under the ESA are relatively ' ill- defined and indirect. Finally, federal agencies alone, even if they take an active regulatory approach. to recovery, will not restore listed salmonids. The federal ESA may work to prohibit certain actions, but there is simply too much habitat on private lands for restoration to succeed without pro- active involvement and incentives for individuals, groups, and local governments to take affirmative actions to restore habitat on working landscapes. In April, 1997 the State of Oregon and NMFS entered into a Memorandum of Agreement ( MOA) under which the State agreed to continue existing measures under the March 1997 Oregon Plan and to take certain additional actions to protect and restbre coho salmon on the Oregon Coast. On May 6, 1997, NMFS determined that the Oregon Coast Evolutionarily Significant Unit ( ESU) of coho salmon did not warrant listing as a threatened or endangered species under the ESA. On June 2, 1998, the US. District Court for Oregon ordered NMFS to reconsider its decision without taking into account any parts of the Oregon Plan or MOA that are not " current enforceable measures." The U. S. District Court for Oregon also held that the MOA was speculative, due to the fact that it provided for termination by either party on thirty days notice, and that therefore the MOA could not be considered by NMFS ' in its listing decision. Under court order, NMFS reconsidered its decision without taking into account the application in the future of the harvest and hatchery measures contained in the Oregon Plan, or the habitat improvement programs being undertaken under the Oregon Plan, or the commitments made by the State of Oregon in the MOA for improvement of applicable habitat measures. Accordingly, NMFS listed Oregon Coast .. . coho as threatened undefthe ESA on or about October 2, 1998. - The MOA provided for the State of Oregon to take actions necessary to ensfie that - Oregon Coast coho did not warrant listing as a threatened or endangered species under the federal ESA. Now that Oregon Coast coho are listed as a threatened species as a- result of the U. S. District Court's order, the central purpose of the MOA has been eliminated. Due to the uncertainties created by the District Court's decision and the increasing extent of salmonids listed or proposed for listing under the federal ESA, it is important that the status of the State of Oregon's substantive commitments under the MOA and the purpose of the Oregon Plan be clarified. Through this Executive Order, the State of Oregon reaffirms its intent to play the leading role in protecting and restoring Oregon Coast coho and other salmonids. through the implementation of the Oregon Plan. This Executive Order provides the framework and direction for state agencies to implement ( to the extent of their authorities) the Oregon Plan in a timely and effective manner. This Executive Order also provides a framework for extending the state's efforts beyond a focus on Oregon Coast coho, to watersheds and fisheries statewide. Consistent with the principle of adaptive management, this Order applies the experience gained to date in implementing the Oregon Plan to provide additional detailed direction to state agencies. Finally, this Executive Order establishes a public involvement process to prioritize continuing efforts under the Oregon Plan. NOW THEREFORE, IT IS HEREBY ORDERED AND DIRECTED: ( 1) Overall Direction ( a) Agencies of the State of Oregon will, consistent with their authorities, fully implement the state agency efforts described in the Oregon Plan and in this Executive Order. ( b) The overall objective for state agencies under the Oregon Plan and this Executive Order is to protect and restore salmonids and to improve water quality. ( c) The Governor will, in cooperation with the Joint Committee, IMST, affected state agencies, watershed councils, and other affected local entities and persons develop and implement, a process to set biological and habitat goals and objectives to protect and restore salmonids on a basin or regional basis as soon as practicable. Once these goals and objectives are established, they will be used by state agencies . . . to evaluate their regulatory and non- regulatory programs and measures relating to the protection and re'storation of salmonids. Through this on- going evaluation, state agencies will determine any changes to their programs or measures that may be necessary to meet the biological and habitat goals and objectives. In the interim, the following objectives in subsections ( d) and ( e) shall apply to agencies' implem'entation of the OregGn Plan and this Executive Order. . . ( d) Actions that state agencies take, fund and/ or authorize that are primarily for a purpose other than restoration of salmonids or the habitat they depend upon will, considering the anticipated duration and geographic scope of the actions: ( A) to the maximum extent practicable minimize and mitigate adverse effects of the actions on salmoni. ds or the habitat they depend on; and ( 8) not appreciably reduce the likelihood of the survival and recovery of salmonids in the wild. ( e) State agencies will take, fund and/ or authorize actions that are primarily for the purpose of restoring salmonids or the habitat they depend upon, including actions implementing the Oregon Plan, with the goal of producing a conservation benefit that ( if taken together with comparable and related actions by all persons and entities within the range of the species) is likely to result in sustainable population levels of salmonids in the foreseeable future, and in population levels of salmonids that provide substantial environmental, cultural and economic benefits to Oregonians in the long term. ( f) With the broadening of the Oregon Plan,' prioritizing all agency actions according to coho core areas is no longer appropriate. Each state agency participating in the Oregon Plan, in consultation with ODFW and other partners involved in the implementation of the Plan and through a public involvement process, will modify their existing work programs in the Oregon Plan to prioritize agency measures to protect and restore salmonids in a timely and effective manner. The work programs will continue to identify key specific outcomes, refine and improve designations of priority areas, and establish completion dates. These modifications will be submitted to the , Governor, the Joint Committee, and to the appropriate boards and commissions as soon as possible, but in no event later than June 1, 1999. Progress reports on action plans will be submitted to the Governor, the Joint Committee, and to the appropriate boards and commissions on an annual basis. In prioritizing their efforts,' state agencies shall consider how to maximize conservation -, benefits for salmonids and the habitat they depend on within limited resources and - . whether their- actions are likely to increase populations of salmonids in the foreseeable future. I p ( g) State agencies will work cooperatively with landowners, local entities and other persons taking actions to protect or restore salmonids. ( h) As the Oregon Plan grows in geographic scope and . in intensity of activity,' there is a growing need to streamline and prioritize state agency activity at the . regional level. One proposal has been to organize state natural resource agency field operations along hydrologic units. Therefore, state agencies will consider this proposal and, through the collective efforts of state agency directors, develop an organization plan that focuses state agency field effort on the activities and areas of highest priority under the Oregon Plan. ( i) State. agencies will continue to encourage and work with agencies of the U. S. government to implement the federal measures described in the Oregon Plan.. In addition, the state agencies will work with the federal government to develop additional means of protecting and restoring salmonids. Where appropriate, state agencies will request that federal agencies obtain incidental take permits under Section 7 of the federal ESA for state actions that ace funded or authorized by a , federal agency. ( j) State agencies will help support efforts to evaluate watershed conditions, and to develop'specific strategic plans to provide for flood management, water quality improvement, and salmonid restoration in basins around the state, including the Willamette basin through the Willamette Restoration Initiative. ( k) The IMST will continue to provide oversight to ensure the use of the best scientific information available as the basis for implementation of and for adaptive changes to the Oregon Plan. State agencies will ensure that the IMST receives data and other information reasonably required for its functions in a timely manner. The Governor's Natural Resources Office ( GNRO) has requested that the IMST's initial priority be review of the freshwater habitat needs of coho and the relationship between population levels, escapement levels, and habitat characteristics. The GNRO also will continue to request that the IMST annually review monitoring results and identify where the Oregon Plan warrants change for scientific or technical reasons and make recommend& ions to the appropriate agency on those adjustments that appear necessary. Agencies will report their responses to any recommendations by . . the IMST to the Governor and to the Joint Committee. Any other changes identified by the IMST as necessary to achieve properly functioning riparian and aquatic habitat conditions required to, protect and restore salmonids will be forwarded to the appropriate governmental entity for its consideration of the adoption of new, changed, or supplemental measures as rapidly as possible while providing for public involvement: Each state agency, by June 1, 1999, will ratify a monitoring team charter through an interagency memorandum. A draft of the charter is contained in the 1998 Oregon Plan Annual Report. ( I) Monitoring is a key element of the Oregon Plan. Each state agency will actively support the monitoring strategy described in the Oregon Plan. Each affected agency will participate on the monitoring team to coordinate activities and integrate analyses. Each agency will implement . an appropriate monitoring program to assess the effectiveness of their programs and measures in meeting the objectives set forth in the Oregon Planon an annual basis. In addition, agencies with regulatory programs that are included in the Oregon Plan will determine levels of compliance with regulatory standards and identify and act on opportunities to improve compliance levels: ( m) If information gathered regarding the effectiveness of measures in the Oregon Plan shows that existing strategies within state control are not achie, ving expected improvements and objectives, the agency( ies1 responsible for those measures will seek appropriate changes in their regulations, policies, programs, r-measures and other areas of the Oregon Plan, as required to protect and restore coho and other sal'monids. Such modification or supplementation will be done as rapidly as possible, consistent with public involvement. ( n) Agencies are using geographically- referenced data in their efforts under the Oregon Plan, and will be using Geographic Information Systems ( GIs) in the analysis of these , data. In doing so, the State GIs Plan, developed by the Oregon Geographic lnformation Council ( OGIC) ( see Executive Order 96- 40) will be followed, with specific adherence to the Plan guidance on data documentation, coordination and data sharing. The agency with primary responsibility for gathering and updating the specific data will be responsible for meeting the requirements of the Plan, and to ensure coordination- with OGIC, the State Service Center for GIs and other' cooperating agencies. In addition, state agencies will cooperate with the Governor's Watershed Enhancement Board ( GWEB), Soil and. Water Conservation Districts ( SWCDs), local waters$ ed councils, landowners and others in making these essential data available. ( 0) Geographically- based strategies to assess and achieve habitat needs and adequate escapement levels will be used, and the state agencies will continue with the development of standardized watershed assessment protocols, including a -- cumulative effects assessment. State agencies will also continue with the development of habitat restoration guides to evaluate and direct habitat restoration efforts. ( 2) Continuation and Expansion of Existing Efforts. Without limiting the generality of section ( l)( a) of this Executive Order, the following subsections of this Executive Order describe some of the many efforts in the Oregon Plan where the initial phase of work has been completed, and where efforts will be continued. ( a) The Oregon Fish & Wildlife Commission ( OFWC), the Oregon Department of Fish & Wildlife ( ODFW), and the Pacific Fishery Management Council ( PFMC) are managing ocean and terminal fisheries according to the measures set forth in the Oregon Plan ( ODFW I- A. l and Ill- A. l). These measures set a maximum mortality rate ( resulting from other fisheries) for any of four disaggregated stocks of coho of fifteen percent ( 1 5%) under poor ocean conditions. In 1997, the mortality rate. from harvest is estimated to have been between nine and eleven percent ( 9- 1 1 %). ODFW and OFWC will continue these measures in state waters, and will actively support continued implementation of the ocean harvest measures by the PFMC ( Amendment 13 to the Council's salmon management plan) until and unless a different management regime agreeable to NMFS is adopted. ( b) The OFWC and ODFW will ensure that the fish hatchery measures set forth in the Oregon Plan are continued by the OFWC and ODFW. ODFW is marking all hatchery coho on the Oregon Coast. This marking will allow increased certainty in estimating hatchery stray rates beginning in 1999. Available data on hatchery stray rates for coho and steelhead are being provided to NMFS on an annual basis. The number of hatchery coho released is estimated to have been 1.7 million in 1998 - substantially below the level called for in the Oregon Plan. This number will be reduced to 1.2 million in 1999. In addition, ODFW has, and will continue to provide. annual reports regarding: ( i) the number of juvenile hatchery coho that are released by brood year, locations and dates of release, life stage, and broodstock origin; ( ii) the number of adult coho taken for broodstock for each hatchery, the location and date of collection, and the origin ( hatchery or natural); ( iii) the number of hatchery coho . . estimated to have spawned in natural habitat by basin; ( iv) the estimated percentage of hatchery coho% the total natural spawning population; and ( v) the mortality of naturally- spawning coho resulting from each fishery. NMFS may provide comments about hatchery prograk affecting coho to ODFW, with any concerns to be resolved between NMFS and ODFW. - - ( c) ln addition to recent modifications to hatchery practices and programs, a new vision is needed for how Oregon will utilize hatcheries in the best and most effective manner. Therefore, the ODFW and the OFWC shall engage in a process to create a strategic plan for fish hatcheries in Oregon over the next decade ( including state and federally- funded hatcheries, private hatcheries, and the STEP program). The essential elements of this process are as follows: ( i) Impartial analysis - conduct an impartial analysis of the scientific bases, and the social and economic effects of Oregon hatchery programs utilizing existing analyses and review where feasible, but conducting new analyses if necessary; ( ii) Review the Wild Fish Management Policy ( WFMP) - because the future plan for hatcheries in Oregon is dependent on implementation of the WFMP, ODFW shall conduct a science and stakeholder review to determine if this significant policy should be revised and shall make any revision by July 2000; ( iii) Frame alternative strategies -- convene a group of stockholders to . frame alternative strategies, including outcomes and descriptions, of how hatcheries will be used in Oregon over the next decade ( these strategies will address the use of hatcheries for wild fish population recovery including supplementation, research and monitoring, public education, and sport and commercial fishing opportunities); ( iv) Public review and selection of a strategy -- the OFWC shall, after public review and ' ;-'-!&%; f$'. i comment, adopt a strategic plan to guide development of future hatchery programs, incorporating the strategy developed and adopted in accordance with subpart ( iii) of this paragraph. ( d) Criteria and guidelines directing the design of projects that may affect fish passage have been established in a Memorandum of Understanding ( MOU) between the Oregon Department of Transportation ( ODOT), ODFW, the Oregon Department of Forestry ( ODF), the Oregon Department of Agriculture ( ODA), the Division of State Lands ( DSL) and the Federal Highway Administration. These guidelines apply to the design, construction and consultations of projects affecting fish passage. Under the MOU, projects requiring regulatory approvals that follow these criteria and guidelines are expedited. Oregon agencies will continue to provide technical assistance to ensure that the criteria and guidelines are applied appropriately in restoration projects, as well as any other projects that may affect fish passage through road crossings and similar structures. ODFW will work with state agencies, local governments, and watershed councils to ensure that Oregon's standards for fish passage set forth in Exhibit A to the MOU are understood and are implemented. - ( e) Fish presence, stream habitat, road and culvert surveys have been conducted for roads within ODOT jurisdiction and county roads in coastal basins, the Lower Columbia basin, the Willamette basin, and the Grande Ronbe/ lmnaha basins. Among the results of these surveys is the finding that culvert barriers to fish passage affect a substantial quantity of salmonid habitat. For example, surveys of county and state highways in western Oregon found over 1,200 culverts that are barriers to passage. As a result, ODOT is placing additional priority on restoring fish access. For 1998, ODOT repaired or replaced 35 culverts restoring access to 101 miles of salmonid habitat. For 1999, the Oregon Transportation Commission will be asked to fund approximately $ 4.0 million for culvert modification. ODOT and the Commission will continue to examine means to speed restoration of fish passage and to coordinate priorities with ODFW. ( f) Draft watershed assessment protocols have been developed and are being field tested. Beginning in 1999, SWCDs, watershed councils and others will be able to use the protocols as the basis for action plans to identify and prioritize opportunities to protect and restore salmonids. Watershed action plans have already been completed in a number of basins including the Rogue, Coos, Coquille and Grande Ronde. State agencies will work to support these watershed assessments and plans to the maximum extent practicable. Where watershed action plans have been developed under the protocols, GWEB will ensure that projects funded through the Watershed Improvement Grant Fund are consistent with watershed action plans, and other state agencies will work with SWCDs and watershed councils to ensure that activities they authorize, fund or undertake are consistent with watershed action plans to the maximum extent practicable. ( g) The State of Oregon has developed interim aquatic habitat restoration and enhancement guidelines for 1998. State agencies involved with restoration activities ( ODFW, ODF, DSL, ODA, DEQ, and GWEB) will continue to develop and refine the interim guidelines for final publication in April 1999. The guidelines will be applied in restoration activities funded or authorized by state agencies. The purpose of ' the guidelines will be to define aquatic restoration and to identify and encourage aquatic habitat restoration techniques to restore salmonids. . . ( h) ODA and O ~ hFave each entered into a Memorandum of Understanding with the Oregon Department'of Environmental Quality relating to the development of . Total Maximum Daily Loads ( TMDLs) and Water Quality Management Area Plans ( WQMAPs). O Dw~ ill adopt. a nd implement WQMAPs ( through the Healthy Streams Partnership) and ODF , will review the adequacy of forest practices rules to meet water quality standards. ODF and ODA will evaluate the effectiveness of these measures in achieving water quality standards on a regular basis and implement any changes required to meet the standards. ( i) Agencies are implementing a coordinated monitoring program, as described in the Oregon Plan. This program includes technical support and standardized protocols for watershed councils, stream habitat surveys, forest practice effectiveness monitoring, water withdrawal monitoring, ambient water quality monitoring, and biotic index studies, as well as fish presence surveys and salmonid abundance and survival monitoring in selected subbasins. State agencies are also' working to coordinate monitoring efforts by state, federal, and local entities, including watershed councils. State agencies will work actively to ensure that the monitoring measures' in the Oregon Plan are continued. - .. ( j) GWEB has put into place new processes for identifying and coordinating the delivery of financial and technical assistance to individuals, agencies, watershed councils and soil and water conservation districts as they implement watershed ' restoration projects to improve water quality and restore aquatic resources. Over $ 25 ' million has been distributed for watershed restoration projects in the last ten years. During the present ( 1 997- 99 biennium) GWEB has awarded over $ 1 2 million dollars in f- state and federal funds for technical'assistance and watershed restoration activities to implement the Oregon Plan. GWEB and state agencies will continue to seek financial resources to be allocated by GWEB for watershed restoration activities at the local and. statewide levels. ( k) State agencies will continue to encourage, support and work to provide incentives for local, tribal, and private . efforts to implement the Oregon Plan. In addition, state agencies will continue to provide financial assistance to local entities for projects to protect and restore salmonids to the extent consistent with their budgetary and legal authorities, and consistent with their work programs in the Oregon Plan. To the. maximum extent practicable, state agencies will also provide technical assistance and planning tools to provide local conservation groups to assist in and target watershed restoration efforts. These efforts ( during 1996 and 1997) are reported in " The Oregon. Plan for Salmon and Watersheds: Watershed Restoration Inventory, 1998." ~ u s c afe w of the important efforts that have been completed include: ( A) Eighty- two watershed councils have joined with forty- five Soil and Water Conservation Districts as well as private and public landowners to implement on- the- ground projects' to protect and restore salmonids. During 1996 and 1997, a reported $ 27.4 million was spent on 1,234 watershed restoration projects on non-federal lands. Both the amount spent and the number of projects represent significant increases ( of over 300 percent) over prior years. In 1996- 97, watershed councils, SWCDs and other organizations and individuals completed: ( i) 138 stream fencing projects, involving at least 301 miles of streambank; ( ii) 196 riparian area planting projects, involving at least 11 1 miles of streams; and ( iii) 458 instream habitat improvement projects. . . . ( B) Private and state forest landowners are implementing key efforts under the Oregon Plan, including the road risk and remediation program ( ODF- 1 and 2). Under this effort in 1996 and 1997, close to 4,000 miles of roads'have been surveyed to identify risks that the roads may pose to salmonid habitat. As the risks are identified, they are then prioritized for remediation following an established. protocol. Already, 52 miles of forest roads have been closed, 843 miles of road repair and reconstruction projects to - protect salmonid habitat have been completed, and an additional 14 miles of roads have been decommissioned or relocated.. In addition, 530 culverts have been replaced, upgraded or installed for fish passage purposes, improving access to a reported 146 stream miles. ( C) Organizations working in Tillamook County have developed the I ." J aw#~ t Tillamook County Performance Partnership. The Partnership is implementing the \. Tillamook Bay National Estuary Program by addressing water quality, fisheries, floodplain management and economic development in the county. Among the actions that the Partnership has already accomplished are: ( i) the closure of seven miles of degraded forest roads and the rehabilitation of 469 miles of roads to meet current standards, at a cost of $ 1 8 million; ( ii) the fencing of 53 miles of streambank, and the construction of three cattle bridges and 100 alternative cattle watering sites, at a cost of $ 214,000; and ( iii) the completion of 24 instream restoration projects and 34 barbs protecting 4,200 feet of streambank, at a cost of $ 1.3 million dollars. ( D) The Confederated Tribes of the Grande Ronde Community of Oregon have completed a forest management plan that establishes standards for the protection of aquatic resources that are comparable to those found in the Aquatic Conservation Strategy ' of the Northwest Forest Plan. . % ( E) A combination of funding from the Oregon Wildlife Heritage Foundation and the National Fish and Wildlife Heritage Foundation ( private, non- profit organizations) is provi, ding support for seven biologists to design restoration projects. These projects are prioritized based on stream surveys, and are carried out with the voluntary participation and support of landowners. A ten- year monitoring plan has been funded- and implemented to determine project effectiveness: ( F) The Oregon Cattlemen's Association has implemented its WESt Program that is designed to help landowners better understand their watersheds and stream functions through assessments and monitoring. h he WESt Program brings landowners together along stream reaches, and offers a series of workshops, conducted on a site specific basis, free of charge. The workshops include riparian ecology, setting goals and objectives, Proper Functioning Condition ( PFC), data. collection and monitoring. Over 25 workshops have been held, with attendance ranging from 5 to 30 landowners per workshop. The WESt Program is sponsored by the Oregon Cattlemen's Association, DEQ, Oregon State University, and GWEB. ( G) Within the Tillamook State Forest road network 1,902 culverts have been replaced or added to'improve road drainage and to disconnect storm water runoff from roads reducing stream sediment impacts. Additionally, some of these culverts also improved fish passage at stream crossings. In this process, ODF has also replaced six culverts with bridges improving fish passage to approximately four miles of stream. The Tillamook State Foresl in conjunction with many partners, such F-as the Association of Northwest Steelheaders, G W EB, Simpson Timber Company, Tillamook County, the FishAmerica Foundation, Hardrock Construction Company, the Oregon Wildlife Heritage Foundation, the F& WS, the Oregon Youth Conservation Corps, Columbia Helicopters and Terra Helicopters, has also recently completed instream placement of over 400 rootwads, trees and boulders at a cost of $ 300,000 for habitat enhancement. ( 3) Key Agency Efforts. Continuation and completion of the following state agency efforts is critical to the success of the Oregon Plan. State agencies will make continuation or completion ( as appropriate) of the following efforts a high priority. ( a) The State of Oregon and the US. Department of Agriculture have entered into a Conservation Reserve Enhancement Program ( CREP). This cost- share program, one of the first of its kind, . will be used to reduce the impacts of agricultural practices through water quality. add habitat improvement. The objectives of the CREP are to: ( i) provide incentives'for farmers and ranchers to establish riparian buffers; ( ii) protect - . and restore at least 4,000 miles of stream habitat by providing up to 95,000 acres of riparian buffeis; ( i4) restore up to 5,000 acres of wetlands that will benefit salmonids; and ( iv) provide a mechanism for farmers and ranchers to comply with Oregon's ,- Senate Bill 101 0 ( 1 993 Or. Laws, ch. 263). ( b) ODF will work with non- industrial forest landowners to'administer the Stewardship Incentive Program and the Forest Resources Trust programs to protect and restore riparian and wetland areas that benefit salmonids. ( c) The Oregon Board of Forestry will determine, with the assistance of an advisory committee, to what extent changes to forest practices are needed to meet state water quality standards and to protect and restore salmonids. A substantial body of information regarding the effectiveness of current practices is being . developed. This information includes: ( i) the IMST report regarding . the role of forest practices and forest habitat in protecting and restoring salmonids; and ( ii) a series of - monitoring projects that include the Storms of 1996 study, a riparian areas study, a stream temperature study, and a road drainage study. Using this information, as well as other available scientific information including scientific information from NMFS, the advisory committee will make recommendations to the Board at both site and watershed scales on threats to salmonid habitat relating to sediment, water temperature, freshwater habitat needs, roads and fish passage. Based on the advisory committee's recommendations and other scientific information, the Board will make every effort to make its determinations by June 1999. The Board may . . determine that the most effective means of achieving any necessary changes to . - d;.~ .; i;. z . I:@;.. %- .~ + k forest practices is through regulatory changes, statutory changes or through other programs . including programs to create incentives for forest landowners. In the event that the Board determines that legislative changes. are necessary to carry out its determinations, the Board will transmit any recommendations for such changes to the . Governor and to the Joint Committee at the earliest possible date. ( d) Consistent with administrative rule, and statutory and constitutional mandates for the management of state forests, ODF State Forest management plans will include an aquatic conservation strategy that has a high likelihood of protecting and restoring properly functioning aquatic habitat for salmonids on state forest lands. ( e) ODF will present to NMFS a Habitat Conservation Plan ( HCP) under Section 10 of the federal ESA that includes the Clatsop and Tillamook State Forests. ODF has already completed scierkific review and has public review underway for this draft HCP. The scientific and public review comments will be considered by ODF in . . completing the draft HCP. The draft HCP will be presented to NMFS by June 1999. An HCP for the ~ jliotSt tate Forest was approved by the US. Fish & Wildlife Service in 1995. In October af 1997, ODF and DSL forwarded the Elliott State Forest HCP to NMFS with the request that it be reviewed to determine whether it has a high likelihood of protecting and restoring properly functioning aquatic habitat conditions on state forest lands necessary to protect and restore salmonids. Based on discussions surrounding the NMFS review, ODF and DSL will determine what revisions, if any, are required to the Elliott HCP and/ or Forest Management Plan to ensure a high likelihood of protecting and restoring properly functioning aquatic habitat for salmonids. ( f) Before the OFWC adopts and implements fishery regulations that may result in taking of coho, ODFW will provide NMFS with'all available scientific information and analyses pertinent to the proposed regulation where the harvest measures are not under the jurisdiction of the PFMC, including results of the Oregon Plan monitoring and evaluation program. This information, together with the proposed regulation and supporting analysis, will be provided at least two weeks prior to the OFWC's action, to give NMFS time to review and comment on the proposed regulations. ( g) ODFW will evaluate the effects of predation on salmonids, and . will . work with . affected federal agencies to determine whether changes to programs and law relating to predation are warranted in order to protect and restore salmonids. P ( h) Under Oregon Senate Bill 101 0 ( 1 993 Or. Laws, ch. 2631, ODA will adopt Agricultural Water Qualify Management Area Plans ( AWQMAPs) for Tier I and Tier ll watersheds by the end of 2002. The AWQMAPs will be designed and implemented to meet load allocations for agriculture needed to achieve state water quality . . standards. In addition, ODA will work with ODFW, DEQ, GWEB, SWCDs, federal . agencies and watershed councils to determine to what extent additional measures related to achieving properly functioning riparian and aquatic habitat on agricultural lands are needed to protect and restore salmonids, giving attention first to priority areas identified in. the Oregon Plan. In the event ODA is unable to reach a consensus regarding such measures, ODA will ask the IMST to review areas of substantive ' scientific disagreement and to'make recommendations to ODA regarding how they should be resolved. In the event that legislative changes are needed to implement such measures, ODA will transmit any recommendations for such changes to. the Governor and to the Joint Committee at the earliest possible date. In addition, any measures identified as rieeded by ODA will be implemented at the earliest practicable time. * . ( i) ODFW will expedite its applications for instream water rights and OWRD will process such applications promptly where flow deficits are identified as adversely affecting salmonids, and where such rights. are not already in place. The Oregon - water Resources Department ( OWRD) and the Oregon Water Resources Commission ( OWRC) will- also seek to facilitate flow restoration targeted to streams identified by OWRD and ODFW as posing the most critical low- flow barriers to salmonids. In addition, where necessary, OWRD will continue to work with the Oregon State Police to provide enforcement of water use. Where illegal water uses are identified, OWRD will ensure outcomes consistent with maintenance and restoration of flows. ( j) The Oregon Environmental Quality commission ( EQC). and DEQ will evaluate and will make every effort to utilize their authorities to continue to provide additional protection to . priority areas ( as determined under section 1 ( f) of this Executive Order), including in- stream flow protection under state law, and antidegradation policy under . the federal Clean Water Act ( including Outstanding Resource Waters designations . and high quality waters designations). . ( k) DSL has proposed to adopt changes to its Essential Salmonid Habitat rules that will provide additional protection for spawning and rearing areas of anadromous salmonids. In addition, ODFW and DSL will consult with the OWRC to determine where it is necessary to administratively close priority areas ( including ' work under General Authorizations) to fill and removal activities in order to protect salmonids. . . DSL, ODFW, ODF and ODA also will work together to identify means of regulating the . uy- w :.-:: st. removal of organic material ( such as large woody debris) from streams where such removal would adversely affect salmonids and would not be contrary to other agency mandates. ( I) DSL will seek the advice of the IMST regarding whether gravel removal affects gravel and/ or sediment budgets in a manner that adversely affects salmonids. ( m) The Department of Land Conservation and ~ e v e l o p r n e n t ' ( ~ ~ acn~ d ) th, e Land Conservation- and Development Commission ( LCDC) will evaluate and, to the extent feasible, speed implementation of existing Goal 5 requirements for riparian corridors. ( n) DLCD, DEQ, ODF, ODA, ODFW, and DSL and their respective boards and commissions will evaluate and implement programs to protect and restore riparian vegetation for the purposes of achieving statewide water quality standards and . . protecting and restoring a aquatic habitat for salmonids. ' ( 0) DLCD, with, the assistance of DSL and ODFW, and in consultation with coastal cities and counties, shall review the requirements of Statewide Planning Goal i 6 as they pertain to estuarine resources important to the restoration of salmonids, and shall, report its findings to LCDC for its consideration. ( p) The Oregon State Police will work to facilitate the existing cooperative relationship with the NMFS Office of ~ a Ewnfo rcement, as well as tomaintain cooperation with other enforcement entities, in order to enhance law enforcement, public awareness and voluntary compliance related to harvest, habitat and other issues addressed in the Oregon Plan. ( q) The Oregon Parks and Recreation Department will continue to work to p. rovide information and education to the public on salmon and steelhead needs through park programs and interpretive aids. ( r) The Oregon Marine Board will work to ensure fish friendly boating and to develop boating facilities that protect salmonids. ( s) State natural resource agencies will continue, to the extent feasible, to support watershed councils by providing technical assistance to develop watershed assessments, restoration plans and to develop watershed priorities to benefit 7- salmonids. In addition, state natural resource agencies will work'on a larger . .:.... watershed scale to develop basin- wide restoration priorities. ( 4) Future Modifications; Public Involvement for the Oregon Plan Generally. The GNRO will solicit public co'mments and input from participants in the Oregon Plan regarding whether there are refinements or changes to the Plan and/ or the organizational framework for implementing the Plan that are necessary or desirable based on the experience gained over the past three years, or resulting from the widespread listings and proposed listings of salmon and trout under the federal ESA. Based on this public involvement, the GNRO will provide a report and recommendations to the Governor and the Joint Committee regarding whether modifications are necessary to the Oregon Plan in order to protect and restore coho and other salmonids. ( 5) Definitions. For purioses'of this Executive Order: . . ( aj The " Oregon Plan" means the Oregon Coastal Salmon Recovery lnitiative, dated March 1991, and the Steelhead. Supplement, dated January 1998. " Oregon Plan," as used in this Order, is intended to be consistent with the definition of the' Oregon Coastal Salmon Recovery lnitiative in Oregon Senate Bill 924 ( 1997 Or. Laws, .- cti. 7), and to include the Healthy Streams Partnership ( 1 993 Or. Laws, ch. 263). -. - ( b) " Protect" has the meaning given in section ( l)( d) of this Executive Order. ( c) " Restore" has the meaning'given in section ( l)( e) of this Executive Order. Restore necessarily includes actions to manage salmonids to provide for adequate escapement levels, and actions to increase the quantity and improve the quality of properly functioning habitat upon which salmonids depend. ( d) " Coho" means native wild coho salmon found in rivers and lakes along the Oregon Coast. ( el " Salmonids" means native wild salmon, char and trout in the State of Oregon. ( 6) Effective Date; Relation to Federal ESA. This Executive Order will take effect on the date that it is filed with the Secretary of State. The State of Oregon will continue to work with NMFS to determine the appropriate relationship between the Oregon Plan and NMFS's efforts under the federal ESA. Done at Salem, Oregon, this $ day of & ~ 4 y , 1999. ha26 . ~ it& er, M. D. Suz adnd .~. ow& end DEPUTY SECR~ ARYOF - STATE

96. [Image] Klamath irrigation district suit bill. Hearings, sixty-ninth Congress, first session


	CONTENTS Page. Bill S. 3189 2 Bill H. R. 9493 3 Letter from Secretary of the Interior 3 Statement of- Lawrence A. Liljeqvist, assistant attorney general of Oregon 7, 87,101 Herman Phleger, counsel ...
	Citation Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Klamath irrigation district suit bill. Hearings, sixty-ninth Congress, first session Author: United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Irrigation and Reclamation Year: 1926, 2004 CONTENTS Page. Bill S. 3189 2 Bill H. R. 9493 3 Letter from Secretary of the Interior 3 Statement of- Lawrence A. Liljeqvist, assistant attorney general of Oregon 7, 87,101 Herman Phleger, counsel for California-Oregon Power Co 19 Fred D. Fletcher, attorney at law, 16 Loomis Building, Klamath Falls, Oreg 50 R. E. Bradbury, director Klamath irrigation district, Klamath Falls, Oreg 65 P. W. Dent, assistant commissioner, Bureau of Reclamation, Depart ment of Interior 82 Documents and telegrams in favor of bill 106 Telegrams opposed to bill 123 Telegrams and documents opposed to interference with present contracts- 126 Letter and opinion of attorney general of Oregon to Hon. N. J. Sinnott 29 Section 5791, Oregon Laws 33 Chapter 5, Laws of Oregon, 1905, ceding act 34 Contract between United States and California-Oregon Power Co. of February 24, 1917 35 Letter of attorney of Klamath irrigation district to Hon. N. J. Sinnott 39 Statement of Klamath irrigation district 66 Title: Klamath irrigation district suit bill. Hearings, sixty-ninth Congress, first session Author: United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Irrigation and Reclamation Year: 1926, 2004 CONTENTS Page. Bill S. 3189 2 Bill H. R. 9493 3 Letter from Secretary of the Interior 3 Statement of- Lawrence A. Liljeqvist, assistant attorney general of Oregon 7, 87,101 Herman Phleger, counsel for California-Oregon Power Co 19 Fred D. Fletcher, attorney at law, 16 Loomis Building, Klamath Falls, Oreg 50 R. E. Bradbury, director Klamath irrigation district, Klamath Falls, Oreg 65 P. W. Dent, assistant commissioner, Bureau of Reclamation, Depart ment of Interior 82 Documents and telegrams in favor of bill 106 Telegrams opposed to bill 123 Telegrams and documents opposed to interference with present contracts- 126 Letter and opinion of attorney general of Oregon to Hon. N. J. Sinnott 29 Section 5791, Oregon Laws 33 Chapter 5, Laws of Oregon, 1905, ceding act 34 Contract between United States and California-Oregon Power Co. of February 24, 1917 35 Letter of attorney of Klamath irrigation district to Hon. N. J. Sinnott 39 Statement of Klamath irrigation district 66

97. [Image] The Endangered Species Act and claims of property rights "takings"


	The Endangered Species Act and Claims of Property Rights "Takings" Summary The federal Endangered Species Act (ES A) has long been one of the major flash points in the "property rights" debate. This ...
	Citation Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The Endangered Species Act and claims of property rights "takings" Author: Meltz, Robert Year: 2005, 2008 The Endangered Species Act and Claims of Property Rights "Takings" Summary The federal Endangered Species Act (ES A) has long been one of the major flash points in the "property rights" debate. This report first outlines the ESA provisions most relevant to the act's impacts on private property, and then surveys the major ESA-relevant principles of Fifth Amendment takings law. The report then proceeds to its core topic: the court decisions adjudicating whether government measures based on the ESA effect a taking of property under the Fifth Amendment. The cases address four kinds of ESA measures: (1) restrictions on land uses that might adversely affect species listed as endangered or threatened; (2) reductions in water delivery to preserve instream flows needed by listed fish; (3) restrictions on the defensive measures a property owner may take to protect his/her property from listed animals; and (4) restrictions on commercial dealings in members of species acquired prior to listing as endangered or threatened. To date, only one of the 12 ESA-based takings decisions revealed by research has found a taking. Title: The Endangered Species Act and claims of property rights "takings" Author: Meltz, Robert Year: 2005, 2008 The Endangered Species Act and Claims of Property Rights "Takings" Summary The federal Endangered Species Act (ES A) has long been one of the major flash points in the "property rights" debate. This report first outlines the ESA provisions most relevant to the act's impacts on private property, and then surveys the major ESA-relevant principles of Fifth Amendment takings law. The report then proceeds to its core topic: the court decisions adjudicating whether government measures based on the ESA effect a taking of property under the Fifth Amendment. The cases address four kinds of ESA measures: (1) restrictions on land uses that might adversely affect species listed as endangered or threatened; (2) reductions in water delivery to preserve instream flows needed by listed fish; (3) restrictions on the defensive measures a property owner may take to protect his/her property from listed animals; and (4) restrictions on commercial dealings in members of species acquired prior to listing as endangered or threatened. To date, only one of the 12 ESA-based takings decisions revealed by research has found a taking.

98. [Image] Federal Register - Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Opening of the Comment Period for the Proposed and Final Designation of Critical Habitat for the Klamath River and Columbia River Populations of Bull Trout


	We, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Service), announce the opening of a public comment period on the proposed and final designation of critical habitat for the Klamath River and Columbia River populations ...
	Citation Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Federal Register - Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Opening of the Comment Period for the Proposed and Final Designation of Critical Habitat for the Klamath River and Columbia River Populations of Bull Trout Author: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Department of the Interior (Washington, D.C.) Year: 2005, 2008 We, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Service), announce the opening of a public comment period on the proposed and final designation of critical habitat for the Klamath River and Columbia River populations of bull trout [Salvelinus confluentus). Due to court action, we have determined that it would be appropriate to reevaluate the exclusions made in the final critical habitat rule. We are opening this comment period to allow all interested parties to comment simultaneously on the November 29, 2002, proposed rule (67 FR 71235) and the October 6, 2004, final rule (69 FR 59996). Copies of the proposed and final rules, as well as the economic analysis for the critical habitat designation, are available on the Internet at http://pacific.fws.gov/ bull trout or from the Portland Regional Office at the address and contact numbers below Title: Federal Register - Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Opening of the Comment Period for the Proposed and Final Designation of Critical Habitat for the Klamath River and Columbia River Populations of Bull Trout Author: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Department of the Interior (Washington, D.C.) Year: 2005, 2008 We, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Service), announce the opening of a public comment period on the proposed and final designation of critical habitat for the Klamath River and Columbia River populations of bull trout [Salvelinus confluentus). Due to court action, we have determined that it would be appropriate to reevaluate the exclusions made in the final critical habitat rule. We are opening this comment period to allow all interested parties to comment simultaneously on the November 29, 2002, proposed rule (67 FR 71235) and the October 6, 2004, final rule (69 FR 59996). Copies of the proposed and final rules, as well as the economic analysis for the critical habitat designation, are available on the Internet at http://pacific.fws.gov/ bull trout or from the Portland Regional Office at the address and contact numbers below

99. [Image] Water user's association


	The author of this article was the Chief Engineer, United States Reclamation Service and a photo of Mr. Newell precedes the actual text of the article.
	Citation Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Water user's association Author: Newell, F.H. Year: 1906, 2005, 2004 The author of this article was the Chief Engineer, United States Reclamation Service and a photo of Mr. Newell precedes the actual text of the article. Title: Water user's association Author: Newell, F.H. Year: 1906, 2005, 2004 The author of this article was the Chief Engineer, United States Reclamation Service and a photo of Mr. Newell precedes the actual text of the article.

100. [Image] Oregon aquatic habitat restoration and enhancement guide


	"May 1999"
	Citation Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Oregon aquatic habitat restoration and enhancement guide Author: Oregon Plan for Salmon and Watersheds Year: 1999, 2005, 2004 "May 1999" Title: Oregon aquatic habitat restoration and enhancement guide Author: Oregon Plan for Salmon and Watersheds Year: 1999, 2005, 2004 "May 1999"

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1. [Image] Colorado geothermal institutional handbook: a user's guide of agencies regulations, permits, and aids for geothermal development

2. [Image] Oregon Administrative Rules State of Oregon Department of Geology and Mineral Industries, Chapter 632 , Division 20, Geothermal Regulations

3. [Image] Regulations on Leasing of Geothermal Resources and Drilling for Geothermal Resources in Hawaii

4. [Image] Montana Geothermal Handbook: A Guide to Agencies, Regulations, Permits and Financial Aids for Geothermal Development

5. [Image] Geothermal Steam Act of 1970 and Regulations on the Leasing of Geothermal Resources

6. [Image] Arizona geothermal institutional handbook: Arizona geothermal commercialization planning team, January 1-December 31, 1979

7. [Image] Geothermal Institutional Handbook for the State of Wyoming: A User's Guide of Agencies Regulations, Permits and Aids for Geothermal Development

8. [Image] Restrictions on snowmobile riding in Crater Lake National Park: final report

9. [Image] Guidelines to the Preparation of Environmental Reports for Geothermal Development Projects

10. [Image] Klamath River - View looking downstream at right abutment of Keno Regulating Dam

11. [Image] Klamath River - View of Klamath River Channel immediately downstream from Keno Regulating Dam

12. [Image] Klamath River - View of Klamath River upstream from Keno Regulating Dam

13. [Image] Klamath River - View from existing Keno regulating dam

14. [Image] Environmental assessment for the proposed special regulations designating snowmobile routes in Crater Lake National Park, Oregon

15. [Image] State Government Workshop on Barriers and Incentives of Geothermal Energy Resources. Quarterly Report, January 15-April 30, 1978

16. [Image] Geothermal Resource Assessment, Kern River Canyon and Lake Isabella Area, Northeastern Kern County, California

17. [Image] Geothermal Progress Monitor. Progress Report No. 1

18. [Image] Geothermal Progress Monitor Report No. 5. Progress Report, June 1981

19. [Image] Klamath River - Upstream face of Keno Regulation Dam from right bank

20. [Image] CLEAR LAKE WATERSHED

21. [Image] KLAMATH RIVER

22. [Image] Administrative history: Crater Lake National Park, Oregon [volume 2]

23. [Image] Crater Lake National Park, Oregon : final development concept plan/amendment to the general management plan, environmental impact statement

24. [Image] Administrative history: Crater Lake National Park, Oregon [volume 1]

25. [Image] Endangered Species Act of 1973 (as amended through December 2004)

26. [Image] Klamath River - View east, upstream, from existing Keno regulating dam showing beginning of excavation

27. [Image] Kl. Str. Drain Enl., Phase II, Specs. 200C-954 - RHC Constr., Inc., Contractor

28. [Image] Shasta View Irrigation District R&B System - Inspection after Completion

29. [Image] Shasta View Irrigation District R&B System - Inspection after Completion

30. [Image] Aerial view looking upstream at Link River Diversion Dam on Link River at the head of the Klamath River, west of Klamath Falls, Oregon

31. [Image] Aerial view looking upstream at Link River Diversion Dam on Link River at the head of the Klamath River, west of Klamath Falls, Oregon

32. [Image] Trout Farming in Montana

33. [Image] Legal and Institutional Impediments to Geothermal Energy Resource Development: A Bibliography

34. [Image] Utah Geothermal Commercialization Project, Final Report April 1979 - March 1985

35. [Image] Geothermal Progress Monitor Report No. 2, January/February 1980

36. [Image] Trout studies and a stream survey of Crater Lake National Park, Oregon

37. [Image] General information regarding Crater Lake National Park, Oregon

38. [Image] The Water Report - Klamath water bank OR

39. [Image] Failure Analysis Report: Geothermal Heating System Components, Oregon Institute of Technology, Klamath Falls, Oregon

40. [Image] A Guide to Geothermal Energy and the Environment

41. [Image] Alternative Institutional Vehicles for Geothermal District Heating

42. [Image] Geothermal power plant investment decisions. Interim report, June 1-November 30, 1979

43. [Image] Direct utilization of geothermal energy: a technical handbook

44. [Image] Geothermal energy in Nevada

45. [Image] Failure Analysis Report: Geothermal Heating System Components, Oregon Institute of Technology, Klamath Falls, Oregon

46. [Image] State Government Workshop on Barriers and Incentives of Geothermal Energy Resources. Quarterly Report, May 1, 1978-July 31, 1978

47. [Image] Approaches and Practice of Environmental Sustainability in Manufacturing Industry

48. [Image] Institutional Barriers To Geothermal Energy Development: Third Report of The Institutional Barrier Panel to the Interagency Geothermal Coordinating Council

49. [Image] Klamath Falls, Oregon - Special recognition of 50th anniversary of constructing Link River Dam

50. [Image] Aerial view looking upstream at Link River Diversion Dam on Link River at the head of the Klamath River, west of Klamath Falls, Oregon

51. [Image] Aerial view looking upstrean at Link River Diversion Dam on Link River at the head of the Klamath River, west of Klamath Falls, Oregon

52. [Image] Aerial view looking upstream at Link River Diversion Dam on Link River at the head of the Klamath River, west of Klamath Falls, Oregon

53. [Image] Aerial view looking upstream at Link River Diversion Dam on Link River at the head of the Klamath River, west of Klamath Falls, Oregon

54. [Image] Aerial view looking upstream at Link River Diversion Dam on Link River at the head of the Klamath River, west of Klamath Falls, Oregon

55. [Image] Federal Register - Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Definition of "Harm"

56. [Image] An examination of the Klamath Basin crisis : restructuring the discourse within an identity-based framework

57. [Image] State Taxation of Other Energy Minerals Compared with State Taxation of Geothermal Resources

58. [Image] Geothermal Loan Guaranty Program and its impact on geothermal exploration and development

59. [Image] Geothermal Power Development in Hawaii. Volume I. Review and Analysis

60. [Image] Geothermal Progress Monitor Report No. 11, December 1989

61. [Image] Washington: A Guide to Geothermal Energy Development

62. [Image] Geothermal Loop Experimental Facility. Quarterly Report, October--December 1978

63. [Image] Geothermal Energy Omnibus Legislation Recommendations of the Institutional Barrier Panel to the Interagency Geothermal Coordinating Council

64. [Image] Hydrogeology and paleohydrology in the Williamson River basin, Klamath County, Oregon

65. [Image] Biofuels and internal combustion engine options for tour boats on Crater Lake

66. [Image] Endangered species: difficult choices

67. [Image] The Endangered Species Act (ESA) in the 109th Congress conflicting values and difficult choices

68. [Image] Federal Register - Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Determination of Endangered Status of the Shortnose Sucker and the Lost River Sucker

69. [Image] Klamath Basin National Wildlife Refuges, California/Oregon

70. [Image] Forestry program for Oregon

71. [Image] Klamath and Trinity River basins : hearing before the Subcommittee on Fisheries and Wildlife Conservation and the Environment of the Committee on Merchant Marine and Fisheries, House of Representatives, Ninety-ninth Congress, second session, on H.R. 4712 ... July 16, 1986