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• 1. [Image] New Geothermal Site Identification and Qualification. Consultant Report

  	This study identifies remaining undeveloped geothermal resources in California and western Nevada, and it estimates the Development costs of each. It has relied on public-domain information and such additional ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: New Geothermal Site Identification and Qualification. Consultant Report Author: Klein, C.W. Year: 2004 This study identifies remaining undeveloped geothermal resources in California and western Nevada, and it estimates the Development costs of each. It has relied on public-domain information and such additional data as geothermal developers have chosen to make available. Reserve estimation has been performed by volumetric analysis with a probabilistic approach to uncertain input parameters. Incremental geothermal reserves in the California/Nevada study area have a minimum value of 2,800 gross MW and a most-likely value of 4,300 gross MW. For the state of California alone, these values are 2,000 and 3,000 gross MW, respectively. These estimates may be conservative to the extent that they do not take into account resources about which little or no public-domain information is available. The average capital cost of incremental generation capacity is estimated to average $3,100/kW for the California/Nevada study area, and $2,950/kW for the state of California alone. These cost estimates include exploration, confirmation Drilling, Development Drilling, plant construction, and transmission-line costs. For the purposes of this study, a capital cost of $2,400/kW is considered competitive with other renewable resources. The amount of incremental geothermal capacity available at or below $2,400/kW is about 1,700 gross MW for the California/Nevada study area, and the same amount (within 50-MW rounding) for the state of California alone. The capital cost estimates are only approximate, because each developer would bring its own experience, bias, and opportunities to the Development process. Nonetheless, the overall costs per project estimated in this study are believed to be reasonable Title: New Geothermal Site Identification and Qualification. Consultant Report Author: Klein, C.W. Year: 2004 This study identifies remaining undeveloped geothermal resources in California and western Nevada, and it estimates the Development costs of each. It has relied on public-domain information and such additional data as geothermal developers have chosen to make available. Reserve estimation has been performed by volumetric analysis with a probabilistic approach to uncertain input parameters. Incremental geothermal reserves in the California/Nevada study area have a minimum value of 2,800 gross MW and a most-likely value of 4,300 gross MW. For the state of California alone, these values are 2,000 and 3,000 gross MW, respectively. These estimates may be conservative to the extent that they do not take into account resources about which little or no public-domain information is available. The average capital cost of incremental generation capacity is estimated to average $3,100/kW for the California/Nevada study area, and $2,950/kW for the state of California alone. These cost estimates include exploration, confirmation Drilling, Development Drilling, plant construction, and transmission-line costs. For the purposes of this study, a capital cost of $2,400/kW is considered competitive with other renewable resources. The amount of incremental geothermal capacity available at or below $2,400/kW is about 1,700 gross MW for the California/Nevada study area, and the same amount (within 50-MW rounding) for the state of California alone. The capital cost estimates are only approximate, because each developer would bring its own experience, bias, and opportunities to the Development process. Nonetheless, the overall costs per project estimated in this study are believed to be reasonable Close

• 2. [Image] Downhole Heat Exchanger for Shallow Geothermal Systems: Performance, Economics and Applicability

  	Heat exchangers located within the wellbore of shallow geothermal resources are presently being used at several locations in the U.S. These heat exchangers are referred to as downhole heat exchangers. ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Downhole Heat Exchanger for Shallow Geothermal Systems: Performance, Economics and Applicability Author: Reistad, G. M. Heat exchangers located within the wellbore of shallow geothermal resources are presently being used at several locations in the U.S. These heat exchangers are referred to as downhole heat exchangers. Such installations can have thermal energy output capacities as high as 1 MW for space heating with source water temperature of 90 to 100°C. This work reports on the performance and economics of downhole heat exchangers relative to the alternative geothermal system which pumps the fluid out of the ground and uses heat exchangers located at the earth's surface. Results indicate that the downhole heat exchange systems for capacity requirements less than about 500 to 100 kW are in general more desirable than the surface heat exchange systems for low capacity (less than about 500 to 1000 kW) requirements and shallow geothermal resources. For higher capacities the surface heat exchange systems become more economical. Furthermore, for large depths, the high capacities available from the surface systems are required in order to make the geothermal energy competitive with other sources Title: Downhole Heat Exchanger for Shallow Geothermal Systems: Performance, Economics and Applicability Author: Reistad, G. M. Heat exchangers located within the wellbore of shallow geothermal resources are presently being used at several locations in the U.S. These heat exchangers are referred to as downhole heat exchangers. Such installations can have thermal energy output capacities as high as 1 MW for space heating with source water temperature of 90 to 100°C. This work reports on the performance and economics of downhole heat exchangers relative to the alternative geothermal system which pumps the fluid out of the ground and uses heat exchangers located at the earth's surface. Results indicate that the downhole heat exchange systems for capacity requirements less than about 500 to 100 kW are in general more desirable than the surface heat exchange systems for low capacity (less than about 500 to 1000 kW) requirements and shallow geothermal resources. For higher capacities the surface heat exchange systems become more economical. Furthermore, for large depths, the high capacities available from the surface systems are required in order to make the geothermal energy competitive with other sources Close

• 3. [Image] Issue Alert: Selling South: BPA Seeks Ways of Marketing Surplus Power to the Pacific Northwest

  	As the Federal wholesaler of electric energy in the Pacific Northwest, SPA currently finds itself with an embarrassment of riches: more power than the Northwest can use. In fact, for at least the next ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Issue Alert: Selling South: BPA Seeks Ways of Marketing Surplus Power to the Pacific Northwest Author: Bonneville Power Administration Year: 1985 As the Federal wholesaler of electric energy in the Pacific Northwest, SPA currently finds itself with an embarrassment of riches: more power than the Northwest can use. In fact, for at least the next five years, SPA expects to have enough guaranteed or "firm" surplus energy to serve the entire needs of another Seattle, with energy to spare. SPA also expects to have a surplus of "capacity" (to serve loads in peak periods) for a longer period probably for at least 20 years Title: Issue Alert: Selling South: BPA Seeks Ways of Marketing Surplus Power to the Pacific Northwest Author: Bonneville Power Administration Year: 1985 As the Federal wholesaler of electric energy in the Pacific Northwest, SPA currently finds itself with an embarrassment of riches: more power than the Northwest can use. In fact, for at least the next five years, SPA expects to have enough guaranteed or "firm" surplus energy to serve the entire needs of another Seattle, with energy to spare. SPA also expects to have a surplus of "capacity" (to serve loads in peak periods) for a longer period probably for at least 20 years Close

• 4. [Image] Geothermal Progress Monitor: Report No. 14, December 1992

  	This issue of the Geothermal Progress Monitor, the 14th since its inception in 1980, highlights the anticipated rapid growth in the use of geothermal heat pumps and documents the continued growth in the ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Geothermal Progress Monitor: Report No. 14, December 1992 Author: Assistant Secretary for Conservation and Renewable Energy, Geothermal Division Year: 1992 This issue of the Geothermal Progress Monitor, the 14th since its inception in 1980, highlights the anticipated rapid growth in the use of geothermal heat pumps and documents the continued growth in the use of geothermal energy for power generation, both in this country and abroad. In countries with a relatively large demand for new generation capacity, geothermal, if available, is being called on as a preferable alternative to the use of domestic or imported oil. On the other hand, in this country where current demand for new capacity is less, geothermal energy is commonly being put to Use in small power generation units operating on the hot water resource Title: Geothermal Progress Monitor: Report No. 14, December 1992 Author: Assistant Secretary for Conservation and Renewable Energy, Geothermal Division Year: 1992 This issue of the Geothermal Progress Monitor, the 14th since its inception in 1980, highlights the anticipated rapid growth in the use of geothermal heat pumps and documents the continued growth in the use of geothermal energy for power generation, both in this country and abroad. In countries with a relatively large demand for new generation capacity, geothermal, if available, is being called on as a preferable alternative to the use of domestic or imported oil. On the other hand, in this country where current demand for new capacity is less, geothermal energy is commonly being put to Use in small power generation units operating on the hot water resource Close

• 5. [Image] USDA's 2002 Ethanol Cost-of-Production Survey

  	In 2003, the U.S. Department of Agriculture surveyed 21 dry-mill ethanol plants to estimate their 2002 production costs, including both variable (feed stock and plant operation) and capital expenses. These ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: USDA's 2002 Ethanol Cost-of-Production Survey Author: Shapouri, H. Year: 2005 In 2003, the U.S. Department of Agriculture surveyed 21 dry-mill ethanol plants to estimate their 2002 production costs, including both variable (feed stock and plant operation) and capital expenses. These plants produced about 550 million gallons of ethanol in 2002. Net feedstock costs for the surveyed plants ranged from 39 to 68 cents per gallon in 2002. For cash operating expenses, the average energy expenditure was 17.29 cents per gallon. Labor costs ranged from 3 lo 11 cents per gallon, maintenance costs from 1 lo 7 cents, and administrative costs from 1 to 18 cents. For capital expenditures, new plant construction costs from $1.05 to $3.00 per gallon of ethanol. Average investment to expand existing ethanol production capacity was 50 cents per gallon; hence, expansion tends to cost less than new capacity. Comparison with a 1998 survey of ethanol producers showed that total operating costs in 2002 had changed very little from 1998. It also showed that the average cost of building new plants had dropped, possibly due to designs that emphasize economies of scale Title: USDA's 2002 Ethanol Cost-of-Production Survey Author: Shapouri, H. Year: 2005 In 2003, the U.S. Department of Agriculture surveyed 21 dry-mill ethanol plants to estimate their 2002 production costs, including both variable (feed stock and plant operation) and capital expenses. These plants produced about 550 million gallons of ethanol in 2002. Net feedstock costs for the surveyed plants ranged from 39 to 68 cents per gallon in 2002. For cash operating expenses, the average energy expenditure was 17.29 cents per gallon. Labor costs ranged from 3 lo 11 cents per gallon, maintenance costs from 1 lo 7 cents, and administrative costs from 1 to 18 cents. For capital expenditures, new plant construction costs from $1.05 to $3.00 per gallon of ethanol. Average investment to expand existing ethanol production capacity was 50 cents per gallon; hence, expansion tends to cost less than new capacity. Comparison with a 1998 survey of ethanol producers showed that total operating costs in 2002 had changed very little from 1998. It also showed that the average cost of building new plants had dropped, possibly due to designs that emphasize economies of scale Close

• 6. [Image] Preparation of a Handbook on the Economics of Geothermal Energy Developments; Working Paper No. 6.5 Case Studies of Low Enthalpy Geothermal Energy Developments in France

  	The use of medium and low temperature brines from deep aquifers is well established technology in France. Agence Francaise Pour La Maitrisse de L'Energy (AFME) (1983) report that since 1978 twenty geothermal ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Preparation of a Handbook on the Economics of Geothermal Energy Developments; Working Paper No. 6.5 Case Studies of Low Enthalpy Geothermal Energy Developments in France Author: Harrison, R. Year: 1984 The use of medium and low temperature brines from deep aquifers is well established technology in France. Agence Francaise Pour La Maitrisse de L'Energy (AFME) (1983) report that since 1978 twenty geothermal schemes have been put into operation every year and it is foreseen that France will have an installed geothermal heating capacity equivalent to an annual saving of 106 TOE* similar developments. Thus Ungemach (1982) reports that three schemes are under completion in the Po Valley in Italy and that several demonstration projects; e.g. Southampton in the U.K. + and in Denmark and Holland are under examination for the near future. It is estimated that the European Economic Community could have a geothermal heating capacity equivalent to 2 x 106 TOE by the late 1990's, Ungemach (1983) Title: Preparation of a Handbook on the Economics of Geothermal Energy Developments; Working Paper No. 6.5 Case Studies of Low Enthalpy Geothermal Energy Developments in France Author: Harrison, R. Year: 1984 The use of medium and low temperature brines from deep aquifers is well established technology in France. Agence Francaise Pour La Maitrisse de L'Energy (AFME) (1983) report that since 1978 twenty geothermal schemes have been put into operation every year and it is foreseen that France will have an installed geothermal heating capacity equivalent to an annual saving of 106 TOE* similar developments. Thus Ungemach (1982) reports that three schemes are under completion in the Po Valley in Italy and that several demonstration projects; e.g. Southampton in the U.K. + and in Denmark and Holland are under examination for the near future. It is estimated that the European Economic Community could have a geothermal heating capacity equivalent to 2 x 106 TOE by the late 1990's, Ungemach (1983) Close

• 7. [Image] Long-Term Supply Curves for Geothermal Energy - The Impacts of Technology

  	Near-term and long-term supply curves are presented for electric applications of geothermal energy. The GEOCOST model was used to determine the present and future energy production costs for the high-temperature ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Long-Term Supply Curves for Geothermal Energy - The Impacts of Technology Author: Fassbender, L.L. Year: 1980 Near-term and long-term supply curves are presented for electric applications of geothermal energy. The GEOCOST model was used to determine the present and future energy production costs for the high-temperature and intermediate-temperature hydrothermal resources identified by the USGS The long-term supply curves illustrate the potential shifts in the near-term supply curve which would result from certain technology improvements currently being pursued. Programs with the most significant potential impacts are those which result in large reductions in drilling cost, those which lead to development of commercial high capacity downhole pumps, and those which lead to large increases in the plant capacity factor. Curves were drawn to show the impacts of individual technology improvements and also to show the cumulative impacts of combinations of technological advances expected to be achieved by 1982 and 1985. Successful completion of all the programs evaluated would result in a cumulative cost reduction of $90 billion (not discounted) in electrical generating costs from the identified hydrothermal resources Title: Long-Term Supply Curves for Geothermal Energy - The Impacts of Technology Author: Fassbender, L.L. Year: 1980 Near-term and long-term supply curves are presented for electric applications of geothermal energy. The GEOCOST model was used to determine the present and future energy production costs for the high-temperature and intermediate-temperature hydrothermal resources identified by the USGS The long-term supply curves illustrate the potential shifts in the near-term supply curve which would result from certain technology improvements currently being pursued. Programs with the most significant potential impacts are those which result in large reductions in drilling cost, those which lead to development of commercial high capacity downhole pumps, and those which lead to large increases in the plant capacity factor. Curves were drawn to show the impacts of individual technology improvements and also to show the cumulative impacts of combinations of technological advances expected to be achieved by 1982 and 1985. Successful completion of all the programs evaluated would result in a cumulative cost reduction of $90 billion (not discounted) in electrical generating costs from the identified hydrothermal resources Close

• 8. [Image] Klamath River - View looking downstream at right abutment of Keno Regulating Dam

  	P12-200-2777A Klamath River - Klamath Project--Oregon. View looking downstream at right abutment of Keno Regulating Dam, which controls level of 18 miles of river and Lake Ewauna- Keno to Klamath Falls. ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Klamath River - View looking downstream at right abutment of Keno Regulating Dam Author: United States. Bureau of Reclamation, Lawrence, C.D. Year: 1965, 2008, 2006 P12-200-2777A Klamath River - Klamath Project--Oregon. View looking downstream at right abutment of Keno Regulating Dam, which controls level of 18 miles of river and Lake Ewauna- Keno to Klamath Falls. Dam is opened to full capacity. Flow is about 8200 cfs.; January 26, 1965; Bureau of Reclamation photo by C. D. Lawrence Title: Klamath River - View looking downstream at right abutment of Keno Regulating Dam Author: United States. Bureau of Reclamation, Lawrence, C.D. Year: 1965, 2008, 2006 P12-200-2777A Klamath River - Klamath Project--Oregon. View looking downstream at right abutment of Keno Regulating Dam, which controls level of 18 miles of river and Lake Ewauna- Keno to Klamath Falls. Dam is opened to full capacity. Flow is about 8200 cfs.; January 26, 1965; Bureau of Reclamation photo by C. D. Lawrence Close

• 9. [Image] Klamath River - Construction of Keno By-Pass Channel near Keno, Oregon

  	P12-200-2791A Klamath River - Klamath Project--Oregon. Employees of M-K Co., under contract with PP&L Co., drilling rock and placing explosive for excavation of 100' X 12' X 3500' channel through Keno ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Klamath River - Construction of Keno By-Pass Channel near Keno, Oregon Author: United States. Bureau of Reclamation, Lawrence, C.D. Year: 1965, 2008, 2006 P12-200-2791A Klamath River - Klamath Project--Oregon. Employees of M-K Co., under contract with PP&L Co., drilling rock and placing explosive for excavation of 100' X 12' X 3500' channel through Keno reef area to increase capacity of river. Channel will facilitate emergency drainage of flooded lands upstream and later be part of power development; March 3, 1965; Bureau of Reclamation photo by C. D. Lawrence Title: Klamath River - Construction of Keno By-Pass Channel near Keno, Oregon Author: United States. Bureau of Reclamation, Lawrence, C.D. Year: 1965, 2008, 2006 P12-200-2791A Klamath River - Klamath Project--Oregon. Employees of M-K Co., under contract with PP&L Co., drilling rock and placing explosive for excavation of 100' X 12' X 3500' channel through Keno reef area to increase capacity of river. Channel will facilitate emergency drainage of flooded lands upstream and later be part of power development; March 3, 1965; Bureau of Reclamation photo by C. D. Lawrence Close

• 10. [Image] PUMPING PLANT 9, Tule Lake Sump 2

  	KP-2545-R2-Klamath Project - PUMPING PLANT 9, Tule Lake Sump 2. View of pumping units taken from bridge deck. Units are 25 cfs capacity at 15 feet head; December 26, 1959; Photo by K.J. Greene
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: PUMPING PLANT 9, Tule Lake Sump 2 Author: United States. Bureau of Reclamation, Greene, K.J. Year: 1959, 2008, 2006 KP-2545-R2-Klamath Project - PUMPING PLANT 9, Tule Lake Sump 2. View of pumping units taken from bridge deck. Units are 25 cfs capacity at 15 feet head; December 26, 1959; Photo by K.J. Greene Title: PUMPING PLANT 9, Tule Lake Sump 2 Author: United States. Bureau of Reclamation, Greene, K.J. Year: 1959, 2008, 2006 KP-2545-R2-Klamath Project - PUMPING PLANT 9, Tule Lake Sump 2. View of pumping units taken from bridge deck. Units are 25 cfs capacity at 15 feet head; December 26, 1959; Photo by K.J. Greene Close

• 11. [Image] TULE LAKE DIVISION - Pumping Plant T

  	KP-2553-R2-Klamath Project - TULE LAKE DIVISION - Pumping Plant T. View looking northwest to inlet. Plant serves 3 farm units and was constructed in 1956. Capacity is 9 cfs at 8' head. Bypass valve permits ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: TULE LAKE DIVISION - Pumping Plant T Author: United States. Bureau of Reclamation, Greene, K.J. Year: 1960, 2008, 2006 KP-2553-R2-Klamath Project - TULE LAKE DIVISION - Pumping Plant T. View looking northwest to inlet. Plant serves 3 farm units and was constructed in 1956. Capacity is 9 cfs at 8' head. Bypass valve permits modulation of discharge when only one farm unit is being served; May 27, 1960; Photo by K.J. Greene Title: TULE LAKE DIVISION - Pumping Plant T Author: United States. Bureau of Reclamation, Greene, K.J. Year: 1960, 2008, 2006 KP-2553-R2-Klamath Project - TULE LAKE DIVISION - Pumping Plant T. View looking northwest to inlet. Plant serves 3 farm units and was constructed in 1956. Capacity is 9 cfs at 8' head. Bypass valve permits modulation of discharge when only one farm unit is being served; May 27, 1960; Photo by K.J. Greene Close

• 12. [Image] TULE LAKE DIVISION - Sump 2, Specifications DC-5307, R-Canal

  	KP-2571-R2-Klamath Project - TULE LAKE DIVISION - Sump 2, Specifications DC-5307, R-Canal. Hancock Elevating Scraper, 8 cu. yd. capacity with sideboards, placing canal lining at Station 29+50, R-Canal; ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: TULE LAKE DIVISION - Sump 2, Specifications DC-5307, R-Canal Author: United States. Bureau of Reclamation, Renning, John A. Year: 1960, 2008, 2006 KP-2571-R2-Klamath Project - TULE LAKE DIVISION - Sump 2, Specifications DC-5307, R-Canal. Hancock Elevating Scraper, 8 cu. yd. capacity with sideboards, placing canal lining at Station 29+50, R-Canal; September 21, 1960; Photo by John A. Renning Title: TULE LAKE DIVISION - Sump 2, Specifications DC-5307, R-Canal Author: United States. Bureau of Reclamation, Renning, John A. Year: 1960, 2008, 2006 KP-2571-R2-Klamath Project - TULE LAKE DIVISION - Sump 2, Specifications DC-5307, R-Canal. Hancock Elevating Scraper, 8 cu. yd. capacity with sideboards, placing canal lining at Station 29+50, R-Canal; September 21, 1960; Photo by John A. Renning Close

• 13. [Image] Aerial view of Clear Laker Dam and Reservoir on Lost River in California, about 8 miles southeast of the Oregon Boundary

  	P-12-200-4236 NA Klamath Project, California-Oregon. This feature provides storage for irrigation and reduces flow into Tule Lake. The dam is an earth and rock fill type structure 39 feet high and has ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Aerial view of Clear Laker Dam and Reservoir on Lost River in California, about 8 miles southeast of the Oregon Boundary Author: United States. Bureau of Reclamation, Dahilig, J.C. Year: 1976, 2009, 2007 P-12-200-4236 NA Klamath Project, California-Oregon. This feature provides storage for irrigation and reduces flow into Tule Lake. The dam is an earth and rock fill type structure 39 feet high and has a crest length of 840 feet. The reservoir has a capacity of 527,000 acre-feet; September 29, 1976; Bureau of Reclamation photo by J. C. Dahilig Title: Aerial view of Clear Laker Dam and Reservoir on Lost River in California, about 8 miles southeast of the Oregon Boundary Author: United States. Bureau of Reclamation, Dahilig, J.C. Year: 1976, 2009, 2007 P-12-200-4236 NA Klamath Project, California-Oregon. This feature provides storage for irrigation and reduces flow into Tule Lake. The dam is an earth and rock fill type structure 39 feet high and has a crest length of 840 feet. The reservoir has a capacity of 527,000 acre-feet; September 29, 1976; Bureau of Reclamation photo by J. C. Dahilig Close

• 14. [Image] Aerial view looking upstream at Gerber Dam and Reservoir on Miller Creek, 14 miles east of Bonanza, Oregon

  	P-12-200-4237 NA Klamath Project, California-Oregon. The feature provides storage for irrigation and reduces flow into Tule Lake. The dam is a concrete arch type structure 88 feet high and has a crest ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Aerial view looking upstream at Gerber Dam and Reservoir on Miller Creek, 14 miles east of Bonanza, Oregon Author: United States. Bureau of Reclamation, Dahilig, J.C. Year: 1976, 2009, 2007 P-12-200-4237 NA Klamath Project, California-Oregon. The feature provides storage for irrigation and reduces flow into Tule Lake. The dam is a concrete arch type structure 88 feet high and has a crest length of 485 feet. The reservoir has a capacity of 94,300 acre-feet; September 29, 1976; Bureau of Reclamation photo by J. C. Dahilig Title: Aerial view looking upstream at Gerber Dam and Reservoir on Miller Creek, 14 miles east of Bonanza, Oregon Author: United States. Bureau of Reclamation, Dahilig, J.C. Year: 1976, 2009, 2007 P-12-200-4237 NA Klamath Project, California-Oregon. The feature provides storage for irrigation and reduces flow into Tule Lake. The dam is a concrete arch type structure 88 feet high and has a crest length of 485 feet. The reservoir has a capacity of 94,300 acre-feet; September 29, 1976; Bureau of Reclamation photo by J. C. Dahilig Close

• 15. [Image] Aerial view looking upstream at Gerber Dam and Reservoir on Miller Creek, 14 miles east of Bonanza, Oregon

  	P-12-200-4238 NA Klamath Project, California-Oregon. The feature provides storage for irrigation and reduces flow into Tule Lake. The dam is a concrete arch type structure 88 feet high and has a crest ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Aerial view looking upstream at Gerber Dam and Reservoir on Miller Creek, 14 miles east of Bonanza, Oregon Author: United States. Bureau of Reclamation, Dahilig, J.C. Year: 1976, 2009, 2007 P-12-200-4238 NA Klamath Project, California-Oregon. The feature provides storage for irrigation and reduces flow into Tule Lake. The dam is a concrete arch type structure 88 feet high and has a crest length of 485 feet. The reservoir has a capacity of 94,300 acre-feet; September 29, 1976; Bureau of Reclamation photo by J. C. Dahilig Title: Aerial view looking upstream at Gerber Dam and Reservoir on Miller Creek, 14 miles east of Bonanza, Oregon Author: United States. Bureau of Reclamation, Dahilig, J.C. Year: 1976, 2009, 2007 P-12-200-4238 NA Klamath Project, California-Oregon. The feature provides storage for irrigation and reduces flow into Tule Lake. The dam is a concrete arch type structure 88 feet high and has a crest length of 485 feet. The reservoir has a capacity of 94,300 acre-feet; September 29, 1976; Bureau of Reclamation photo by J. C. Dahilig Close

• 16. [Image] Aerial view looking upstream at Gerber Dam and Reservoir on Miller Creek, 14 miles east of Bonanza, Oregon

  	P-12-200-4246 NA Klamath Project California-Oregon. The feature provides storage for irrigation and reduces flow into Tule Lake. The dam is a concrete arch type structure 88 feet high and a crest length ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Aerial view looking upstream at Gerber Dam and Reservoir on Miller Creek, 14 miles east of Bonanza, Oregon Author: United States. Bureau of Reclamation, Dahilig, J.C. Year: 1976, 2009, 2007 P-12-200-4246 NA Klamath Project California-Oregon. The feature provides storage for irrigation and reduces flow into Tule Lake. The dam is a concrete arch type structure 88 feet high and a crest length of 485 feet. The reservoir has a capacity of 94,300 acre feet; September 29, 1976; Bureau of Reclamation photo by J. C. Dahilig Title: Aerial view looking upstream at Gerber Dam and Reservoir on Miller Creek, 14 miles east of Bonanza, Oregon Author: United States. Bureau of Reclamation, Dahilig, J.C. Year: 1976, 2009, 2007 P-12-200-4246 NA Klamath Project California-Oregon. The feature provides storage for irrigation and reduces flow into Tule Lake. The dam is a concrete arch type structure 88 feet high and a crest length of 485 feet. The reservoir has a capacity of 94,300 acre feet; September 29, 1976; Bureau of Reclamation photo by J. C. Dahilig Close

• 17. [Image] Aerial view looking upstream at Gerber Dam and Reservoir on Miller Creek , 14 miles east of Bonanza, Oregon

  	P-12-200-4247 NA Klamath Project, California-Oregon. The feature provides storage for irrigation and reduces flow into Tule Lake. The dam is a concrete arch type structure 88 feet high and a crest length ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Aerial view looking upstream at Gerber Dam and Reservoir on Miller Creek , 14 miles east of Bonanza, Oregon Author: United States. Bureau of Reclamation, Dahilig, J.C. Year: 1976, 2009, 2007 P-12-200-4247 NA Klamath Project, California-Oregon. The feature provides storage for irrigation and reduces flow into Tule Lake. The dam is a concrete arch type structure 88 feet high and a crest length of 485 feet. Teh reservoir has a capacity of 94,300 acre-feet; September 29, 1976; Bureau of Reclamation photo by J. C. Dahilig Title: Aerial view looking upstream at Gerber Dam and Reservoir on Miller Creek , 14 miles east of Bonanza, Oregon Author: United States. Bureau of Reclamation, Dahilig, J.C. Year: 1976, 2009, 2007 P-12-200-4247 NA Klamath Project, California-Oregon. The feature provides storage for irrigation and reduces flow into Tule Lake. The dam is a concrete arch type structure 88 feet high and a crest length of 485 feet. Teh reservoir has a capacity of 94,300 acre-feet; September 29, 1976; Bureau of Reclamation photo by J. C. Dahilig Close

• 18. [Image] Aerial view looking upstream at Gerber Dam and Reservoir on Miller Creek , 14 miles east of Bonanza, Oregon

  	P-12-200-4249 NA Klamath Project, California-Oregon. The feature provides storage for irrigation and reduces flow into Tule Lake. The dam is a concrete arch type structure 88 feet high and a crest length ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Aerial view looking upstream at Gerber Dam and Reservoir on Miller Creek , 14 miles east of Bonanza, Oregon Author: United States. Bureau of Reclamation, Dahilig, J.C. Year: 1976, 2009, 2007 P-12-200-4249 NA Klamath Project, California-Oregon. The feature provides storage for irrigation and reduces flow into Tule Lake. The dam is a concrete arch type structure 88 feet high and a crest length of 485 feet. Teh reservoir has a capacity of 94,300 acre-feet; September 29, 1976; Bureau of Reclamation photo by J. C. Dahilig Title: Aerial view looking upstream at Gerber Dam and Reservoir on Miller Creek , 14 miles east of Bonanza, Oregon Author: United States. Bureau of Reclamation, Dahilig, J.C. Year: 1976, 2009, 2007 P-12-200-4249 NA Klamath Project, California-Oregon. The feature provides storage for irrigation and reduces flow into Tule Lake. The dam is a concrete arch type structure 88 feet high and a crest length of 485 feet. Teh reservoir has a capacity of 94,300 acre-feet; September 29, 1976; Bureau of Reclamation photo by J. C. Dahilig Close

• 19. [Image] Aerial view looking upstream at Gerber Dam and Reservoir on Miller Creek , 14 miles east of Bonanza, Oregon

  	P-12-200-4250 NA Klamath Project, California-Oregon. The feature provides storage for irrigation and reduces flow into Tule Lake. The dam is a concrete arch type structure 88 feet high and a crest length ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Aerial view looking upstream at Gerber Dam and Reservoir on Miller Creek , 14 miles east of Bonanza, Oregon Author: United States. Bureau of Reclamation, Dahilig, J.C. Year: 1976, 2009, 2007 P-12-200-4250 NA Klamath Project, California-Oregon. The feature provides storage for irrigation and reduces flow into Tule Lake. The dam is a concrete arch type structure 88 feet high and a crest length of 485 feet. Teh reservoir has a capacity of 94,300 acre-feet; September 29, 1976; Bureau of Reclamation photo by J. C. Dahilig Title: Aerial view looking upstream at Gerber Dam and Reservoir on Miller Creek , 14 miles east of Bonanza, Oregon Author: United States. Bureau of Reclamation, Dahilig, J.C. Year: 1976, 2009, 2007 P-12-200-4250 NA Klamath Project, California-Oregon. The feature provides storage for irrigation and reduces flow into Tule Lake. The dam is a concrete arch type structure 88 feet high and a crest length of 485 feet. Teh reservoir has a capacity of 94,300 acre-feet; September 29, 1976; Bureau of Reclamation photo by J. C. Dahilig Close

• 20. [Image] Aerial view of Clear Laker Dam and Reservoir on Lost River in California, about 8 miles southeast of the Oregon Boundary

  	P-12-200-4255 NA Klamath Project, California-Oregon. This feature provides storage for irrigation and reduces flow into Tule Lake. The dam is an earth and rock fill type structure 39 feet high and has ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Aerial view of Clear Laker Dam and Reservoir on Lost River in California, about 8 miles southeast of the Oregon Boundary Author: United States. Bureau of Reclamation, Dahilig, J.C. Year: 1976, 2009, 2007 P-12-200-4255 NA Klamath Project, California-Oregon. This feature provides storage for irrigation and reduces flow into Tule Lake. The dam is an earth and rock fill type structure 39 feet high and has a crest length of 840 feet. The reservoir has a capacity of 527,000 acre-feet; September 29, 1976; Bureau of Reclamation photo by J. C. Dahilig Title: Aerial view of Clear Laker Dam and Reservoir on Lost River in California, about 8 miles southeast of the Oregon Boundary Author: United States. Bureau of Reclamation, Dahilig, J.C. Year: 1976, 2009, 2007 P-12-200-4255 NA Klamath Project, California-Oregon. This feature provides storage for irrigation and reduces flow into Tule Lake. The dam is an earth and rock fill type structure 39 feet high and has a crest length of 840 feet. The reservoir has a capacity of 527,000 acre-feet; September 29, 1976; Bureau of Reclamation photo by J. C. Dahilig Close

• 21. [Image] Aerial view of Clear Lake Dam and Reservoir on Lost River in California, about 8 miles southeast of the Oregon Boundary

  	P-12-200-4256 NA Klamath Project, California-Oregon. This feature provides storage for irrigation and reduces flow into Tule Lake. The dam is an earth and rock fill type structure 39 feet high and has ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Aerial view of Clear Lake Dam and Reservoir on Lost River in California, about 8 miles southeast of the Oregon Boundary Author: United States. Bureau of Reclamation, Dahilig, J.C. Year: 1976, 2009, 2007 P-12-200-4256 NA Klamath Project, California-Oregon. This feature provides storage for irrigation and reduces flow into Tule Lake. The dam is an earth and rock fill type structure 39 feet high and has a crest length of 840 feet. The reservoir has a capacity of 527,000 acre-feet; September 29, 1976; Bureau of Reclamation photo by J. C. Dahilig Title: Aerial view of Clear Lake Dam and Reservoir on Lost River in California, about 8 miles southeast of the Oregon Boundary Author: United States. Bureau of Reclamation, Dahilig, J.C. Year: 1976, 2009, 2007 P-12-200-4256 NA Klamath Project, California-Oregon. This feature provides storage for irrigation and reduces flow into Tule Lake. The dam is an earth and rock fill type structure 39 feet high and has a crest length of 840 feet. The reservoir has a capacity of 527,000 acre-feet; September 29, 1976; Bureau of Reclamation photo by J. C. Dahilig Close

• 22. [Image] Aerial view of Clear Lake Dam and Reservoir on Lost River in California, about 8 miles southeast of the Oregon Boundary

  	P-12-200-4257 NA Klamath Project, California-Oregon. This feature provides storage for irrigation and reduces flow into Tule Lake. The dam is an earth and rock fill type structure 39 feet high and has ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Aerial view of Clear Lake Dam and Reservoir on Lost River in California, about 8 miles southeast of the Oregon Boundary Author: United States. Bureau of Reclamation, Dahilig, J.C. Year: 1976, 2009, 2007 P-12-200-4257 NA Klamath Project, California-Oregon. This feature provides storage for irrigation and reduces flow into Tule Lake. The dam is an earth and rock fill type structure 39 feet high and has a crest length of 840 feet. The reservoir has a capacity of 527,000 acre-feet; September 29, 1976; Bureau of Reclamation photo by J. C. Dahilig Title: Aerial view of Clear Lake Dam and Reservoir on Lost River in California, about 8 miles southeast of the Oregon Boundary Author: United States. Bureau of Reclamation, Dahilig, J.C. Year: 1976, 2009, 2007 P-12-200-4257 NA Klamath Project, California-Oregon. This feature provides storage for irrigation and reduces flow into Tule Lake. The dam is an earth and rock fill type structure 39 feet high and has a crest length of 840 feet. The reservoir has a capacity of 527,000 acre-feet; September 29, 1976; Bureau of Reclamation photo by J. C. Dahilig Close

• 23. [Image] Aerial view of Clear Lake Dam and Reservoir on Lost River in California, about 8 miles southeast of the Oregon Boundary

  	P-12-200-4258 NA Klamath Project, California-Oregon. This feature provides storage for irrigation and reduces flow into Tule Lake. The dam is an earth and rock fill type structure 39 feet high and has ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Aerial view of Clear Lake Dam and Reservoir on Lost River in California, about 8 miles southeast of the Oregon Boundary Author: United States. Bureau of Reclamation, Dahilig, J.C. Year: 1976, 2009, 2007 P-12-200-4258 NA Klamath Project, California-Oregon. This feature provides storage for irrigation and reduces flow into Tule Lake. The dam is an earth and rock fill type structure 39 feet high and has a crest length of 840 feet. The reservoir has a capacity of 527,000 acre-feet; September 29, 1976; Bureau of Reclamation photo by J. C. Dahilig Title: Aerial view of Clear Lake Dam and Reservoir on Lost River in California, about 8 miles southeast of the Oregon Boundary Author: United States. Bureau of Reclamation, Dahilig, J.C. Year: 1976, 2009, 2007 P-12-200-4258 NA Klamath Project, California-Oregon. This feature provides storage for irrigation and reduces flow into Tule Lake. The dam is an earth and rock fill type structure 39 feet high and has a crest length of 840 feet. The reservoir has a capacity of 527,000 acre-feet; September 29, 1976; Bureau of Reclamation photo by J. C. Dahilig Close

• 24. [Image] Closed Drain Construction - Tule Lake Sump 3 - Specs. No. 200C-842, Patterson Constr. Co., Contractor

  	CN-12-201-264NA Klamath Project - Oregon-California. View of DW-20 scraper hauling road base material from the USBR pit at the south end of Sump 1-A. Owing to their large capacity (25 c.y.) and resultant ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Closed Drain Construction - Tule Lake Sump 3 - Specs. No. 200C-842, Patterson Constr. Co., Contractor Author: United States. Bureau of Reclamation, Stein, D.W. Year: 1973, 2009, 2007 CN-12-201-264NA Klamath Project - Oregon-California. View of DW-20 scraper hauling road base material from the USBR pit at the south end of Sump 1-A. Owing to their large capacity (25 c.y.) and resultant weight, the use of scrapers proved to be an unsuccessful method of moving dirt around in the sump area. In driving across previously filled areas, the loaded scrapers forced the road base material down into the ground; February 1973; Bureau of Reclamation photo by D. W. Stein Title: Closed Drain Construction - Tule Lake Sump 3 - Specs. No. 200C-842, Patterson Constr. Co., Contractor Author: United States. Bureau of Reclamation, Stein, D.W. Year: 1973, 2009, 2007 CN-12-201-264NA Klamath Project - Oregon-California. View of DW-20 scraper hauling road base material from the USBR pit at the south end of Sump 1-A. Owing to their large capacity (25 c.y.) and resultant weight, the use of scrapers proved to be an unsuccessful method of moving dirt around in the sump area. In driving across previously filled areas, the loaded scrapers forced the road base material down into the ground; February 1973; Bureau of Reclamation photo by D. W. Stein Close

• 25. [Image] Closed Drain Construction - Tule Lake Sump 3 - Specs. No. 200C-842, Patterson Constr. Co., Contractor

  	CN-12-201-283NA Klamath Project - Oregon-California. View of Scoopmobile front end loader (__c.y. capacity), operating in the Casuse Mt. cinder pit. This pit is located in Sec. 19, T46N, R6E, M.D.M. & ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Closed Drain Construction - Tule Lake Sump 3 - Specs. No. 200C-842, Patterson Constr. Co., Contractor Author: United States. Bureau of Reclamation, Stein, D.W. Year: 1972, 2009, 2007 CN-12-201-283NA Klamath Project - Oregon-California. View of Scoopmobile front end loader (__c.y. capacity), operating in the Casuse Mt. cinder pit. This pit is located in Sec. 19, T46N, R6E, M.D.M. & B and is administered by the U. S. Forest Service; November 1972; Bureau of Reclamation photo by D. W. Stein Title: Closed Drain Construction - Tule Lake Sump 3 - Specs. No. 200C-842, Patterson Constr. Co., Contractor Author: United States. Bureau of Reclamation, Stein, D.W. Year: 1972, 2009, 2007 CN-12-201-283NA Klamath Project - Oregon-California. View of Scoopmobile front end loader (__c.y. capacity), operating in the Casuse Mt. cinder pit. This pit is located in Sec. 19, T46N, R6E, M.D.M. & B and is administered by the U. S. Forest Service; November 1972; Bureau of Reclamation photo by D. W. Stein Close

• 26. [Image] Link River Dam

  	KP-2089-R2 - Klamath Project. Link River Dam. Link River, from a point about 1,000 feet downstream, shows Ankeny Canal at right, tailrace in center and Keno Canal at left. Forebay and dam in background. ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Link River Dam Author: United States. Bureau of Reclamation, Waldron, Malon L. Year: 1951, 2007, 2006 KP-2089-R2 - Klamath Project. Link River Dam. Link River, from a point about 1,000 feet downstream, shows Ankeny Canal at right, tailrace in center and Keno Canal at left. Forebay and dam in background. 1,230 cfs of water spilling at slightly more than 1/2 gate capacity; February 7, 1951; Photo by Malon L. Waldron Title: Link River Dam Author: United States. Bureau of Reclamation, Waldron, Malon L. Year: 1951, 2007, 2006 KP-2089-R2 - Klamath Project. Link River Dam. Link River, from a point about 1,000 feet downstream, shows Ankeny Canal at right, tailrace in center and Keno Canal at left. Forebay and dam in background. 1,230 cfs of water spilling at slightly more than 1/2 gate capacity; February 7, 1951; Photo by Malon L. Waldron Close

• 27. [Image] Gerber Watershed - Klamath Project, Oregon

  	CN-12-200-19A. Stock pond rehabilitated by the Bureau of Land Management during summer of 1968. This stock pond is located in the SE1/4SE14 of Sec. 26, T. 38 S., R. 13 E., W.M. The overall dimensions ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Gerber Watershed - Klamath Project, Oregon Author: United States. Bureau of Reclamation, Rosten, T.J. Year: 1968, 2010, 2007 CN-12-200-19A. Stock pond rehabilitated by the Bureau of Land Management during summer of 1968. This stock pond is located in the SE1/4SE14 of Sec. 26, T. 38 S., R. 13 E., W.M. The overall dimensions are approximately 120'x80'x6'. The storage capacity approximates 1.0 acre-foot. The slope of both ends is about 4:1. This stock pond lies adjacent to the main road between Gerber Reservoir and Gerber Ranch; September 6, 1968; Bureau of Reclamation photo by T.J. Rosten Title: Gerber Watershed - Klamath Project, Oregon Author: United States. Bureau of Reclamation, Rosten, T.J. Year: 1968, 2010, 2007 CN-12-200-19A. Stock pond rehabilitated by the Bureau of Land Management during summer of 1968. This stock pond is located in the SE1/4SE14 of Sec. 26, T. 38 S., R. 13 E., W.M. The overall dimensions are approximately 120'x80'x6'. The storage capacity approximates 1.0 acre-foot. The slope of both ends is about 4:1. This stock pond lies adjacent to the main road between Gerber Reservoir and Gerber Ranch; September 6, 1968; Bureau of Reclamation photo by T.J. Rosten Close

• 28. [Image] Gerber Watershed - Klamath Project, Oregon

  	CN-12-200-20A. Gerber Watershed - Klamath Project, Oregon. Small reservoir excavated by BLM, during 1968, in a wet weather seep near Wagon Wheel Springs. This reservoir is located in the SW1/4NE1/4 of ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Gerber Watershed - Klamath Project, Oregon Author: United States. Bureau of Reclamation, Rosten, T.J. Year: 1968, 2010, 2007 CN-12-200-20A. Gerber Watershed - Klamath Project, Oregon. Small reservoir excavated by BLM, during 1968, in a wet weather seep near Wagon Wheel Springs. This reservoir is located in the SW1/4NE1/4 of Sec. 36, T. 38. S., R. 13 E., W.M. The storage capacity approximates 0.1 to 0.2 acre-foot. This reservoir is built on the side of a slope and impounds the runoff from an area no larger than two or three acres; September 6, 1968; Bureau of Reclamation photo by T.J. Rosten Title: Gerber Watershed - Klamath Project, Oregon Author: United States. Bureau of Reclamation, Rosten, T.J. Year: 1968, 2010, 2007 CN-12-200-20A. Gerber Watershed - Klamath Project, Oregon. Small reservoir excavated by BLM, during 1968, in a wet weather seep near Wagon Wheel Springs. This reservoir is located in the SW1/4NE1/4 of Sec. 36, T. 38. S., R. 13 E., W.M. The storage capacity approximates 0.1 to 0.2 acre-foot. This reservoir is built on the side of a slope and impounds the runoff from an area no larger than two or three acres; September 6, 1968; Bureau of Reclamation photo by T.J. Rosten Close

• 29. [Image] Gerber Watershed - Klamath Project, Oregon

  	CN-12-200-21A. Gerber Watershed - Klamath Project, Oregon. Stock-pond - pit-type - constructed by BLM during the summer of 1968. This pond is located in a dry lake bed in the NE1/4 of Sec. 5, T. 39 S., ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Gerber Watershed - Klamath Project, Oregon Author: United States. Bureau of Reclamation, Rosten, T.J. Year: 1968, 2010, 2007 CN-12-200-21A. Gerber Watershed - Klamath Project, Oregon. Stock-pond - pit-type - constructed by BLM during the summer of 1968. This pond is located in a dry lake bed in the NE1/4 of Sec. 5, T. 39 S., R. 14 E., W.M. The overall dimensions of this pond are 80'x120'x7'. The storage capacity approximates 1.1 acre-foot. The dry lake bed will spill to Gerber Reservoir only during wet years. Therefore, this impoundment will not effect the flow to Gerber Reservoir during the years that the dry lake does not overflow; September, 6, 1968; Bureau of Reclamation photo by T.J. Rosten Title: Gerber Watershed - Klamath Project, Oregon Author: United States. Bureau of Reclamation, Rosten, T.J. Year: 1968, 2010, 2007 CN-12-200-21A. Gerber Watershed - Klamath Project, Oregon. Stock-pond - pit-type - constructed by BLM during the summer of 1968. This pond is located in a dry lake bed in the NE1/4 of Sec. 5, T. 39 S., R. 14 E., W.M. The overall dimensions of this pond are 80'x120'x7'. The storage capacity approximates 1.1 acre-foot. The dry lake bed will spill to Gerber Reservoir only during wet years. Therefore, this impoundment will not effect the flow to Gerber Reservoir during the years that the dry lake does not overflow; September, 6, 1968; Bureau of Reclamation photo by T.J. Rosten Close

• 30. [Image] Gerber Watershed - Klamath Project, Oregon

  	CN-12-200-22A. Gerber Watershed - Klamath Project, Oregon. Earthfill dam and reservoir constructed by BLM across a draw in the NE1/4 of Sec. 10, T. 39 S., R. 14 E, W.M. Earth spillway is located at left ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Gerber Watershed - Klamath Project, Oregon Author: United States. Bureau of Reclamation, Rosten, T.J. Year: 1968, 2010, 2007 CN-12-200-22A. Gerber Watershed - Klamath Project, Oregon. Earthfill dam and reservoir constructed by BLM across a draw in the NE1/4 of Sec. 10, T. 39 S., R. 14 E, W.M. Earth spillway is located at left end of dam. Maximum depth of water to lip (?) of spillway is about 6.5 feet. The storage capacity approximates 0.5 acre-foot; September 6, 1968; Bureau of Reclamation photo by T.J. Rosten Title: Gerber Watershed - Klamath Project, Oregon Author: United States. Bureau of Reclamation, Rosten, T.J. Year: 1968, 2010, 2007 CN-12-200-22A. Gerber Watershed - Klamath Project, Oregon. Earthfill dam and reservoir constructed by BLM across a draw in the NE1/4 of Sec. 10, T. 39 S., R. 14 E, W.M. Earth spillway is located at left end of dam. Maximum depth of water to lip (?) of spillway is about 6.5 feet. The storage capacity approximates 0.5 acre-foot; September 6, 1968; Bureau of Reclamation photo by T.J. Rosten Close

• 31. [Image] Gerber Watershed - Klamath Project, Oregon

  	CN-12-200-24A Gerber Watershed - Klamath Project, Oregon. Stock-pond - pit-type - constructed by BLM in the summer of 1968. This pond was constructed in a large flat in the NE1/4 of Sec. 3, T. 39 S., R. ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Gerber Watershed - Klamath Project, Oregon Author: United States. Bureau of Reclamation, Rosten, T.J. Year: 1968, 2010, 2007 CN-12-200-24A Gerber Watershed - Klamath Project, Oregon. Stock-pond - pit-type - constructed by BLM in the summer of 1968. This pond was constructed in a large flat in the NE1/4 of Sec. 3, T. 39 S., R. 14 E, W.M. The overall dimensions of this pond are 80'x120'x7'. The slope of both ends is about 4:1. The storage capacity approximates 1.1 acre-foot; September 6, 1968; Bureau of Reclamation photo by T.J. Rosten Title: Gerber Watershed - Klamath Project, Oregon Author: United States. Bureau of Reclamation, Rosten, T.J. Year: 1968, 2010, 2007 CN-12-200-24A Gerber Watershed - Klamath Project, Oregon. Stock-pond - pit-type - constructed by BLM in the summer of 1968. This pond was constructed in a large flat in the NE1/4 of Sec. 3, T. 39 S., R. 14 E, W.M. The overall dimensions of this pond are 80'x120'x7'. The slope of both ends is about 4:1. The storage capacity approximates 1.1 acre-foot; September 6, 1968; Bureau of Reclamation photo by T.J. Rosten Close

• 32. [Image] Gerber Watershed - Klamath Project, Oregon

  	CN-12-200-26A Gerber Watershed - Klamath Project, Oregon. Stock-pond – pit-type – constructed by BLM in the summer of 1968. This pond is located in the NE1/4 of Sec. 14, T. 39 S., R. 14 E, W.M. The overall ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Gerber Watershed - Klamath Project, Oregon Author: United States. Bureau of Reclamation, Rosten, T.J. Year: 1968, 2010, 2007 CN-12-200-26A Gerber Watershed - Klamath Project, Oregon. Stock-pond – pit-type – constructed by BLM in the summer of 1968. This pond is located in the NE1/4 of Sec. 14, T. 39 S., R. 14 E, W.M. The overall dimensions of this pond are 80'x120'x6'. The slope of both ends is about 4:1. The storage capacity approximates 1.0 acre-foot; September 6, 1968; Bureau of Reclamation photo by T.J. Rosten Title: Gerber Watershed - Klamath Project, Oregon Author: United States. Bureau of Reclamation, Rosten, T.J. Year: 1968, 2010, 2007 CN-12-200-26A Gerber Watershed - Klamath Project, Oregon. Stock-pond – pit-type – constructed by BLM in the summer of 1968. This pond is located in the NE1/4 of Sec. 14, T. 39 S., R. 14 E, W.M. The overall dimensions of this pond are 80'x120'x6'. The slope of both ends is about 4:1. The storage capacity approximates 1.0 acre-foot; September 6, 1968; Bureau of Reclamation photo by T.J. Rosten Close

• 33. [Image] Clear Lake Spillway Rehabilitation - Specs. 200C-889 - Roy D. Garren Corporation, Contractor

  	P-12-200-2993NA Klamath Project - Oregon-California. View of caterpillar self-loading scraper, 35 cu. yd. capacity, loading earth material to be placed on dike; May 1974; Bureau of Reclamation photo ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Clear Lake Spillway Rehabilitation - Specs. 200C-889 - Roy D. Garren Corporation, Contractor Author: United States. Bureau of Reclamation, Stein, D.W. Year: 1974, 2008, 2006 P-12-200-2993NA Klamath Project - Oregon-California. View of caterpillar self-loading scraper, 35 cu. yd. capacity, loading earth material to be placed on dike; May 1974; Bureau of Reclamation photo by D. W. Stein Title: Clear Lake Spillway Rehabilitation - Specs. 200C-889 - Roy D. Garren Corporation, Contractor Author: United States. Bureau of Reclamation, Stein, D.W. Year: 1974, 2008, 2006 P-12-200-2993NA Klamath Project - Oregon-California. View of caterpillar self-loading scraper, 35 cu. yd. capacity, loading earth material to be placed on dike; May 1974; Bureau of Reclamation photo by D. W. Stein Close

• 34. [Image] Clear Lake Spillway Rehabilitation - Specs. 200C-889 - Roy D. Garren Corporation, Contractor

  	P-12-200-2994NA Klamath Project - Oregon-California. Caterpillar, scraper self-loader, 35 cu. yd. capacity, unloading material on the dike; May 1974; Bureau of Reclamation photo by D. W. Stein
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Clear Lake Spillway Rehabilitation - Specs. 200C-889 - Roy D. Garren Corporation, Contractor Author: United States. Bureau of Reclamation, Stein, D.W. Year: 1974, 2008, 2006 P-12-200-2994NA Klamath Project - Oregon-California. Caterpillar, scraper self-loader, 35 cu. yd. capacity, unloading material on the dike; May 1974; Bureau of Reclamation photo by D. W. Stein Title: Clear Lake Spillway Rehabilitation - Specs. 200C-889 - Roy D. Garren Corporation, Contractor Author: United States. Bureau of Reclamation, Stein, D.W. Year: 1974, 2008, 2006 P-12-200-2994NA Klamath Project - Oregon-California. Caterpillar, scraper self-loader, 35 cu. yd. capacity, unloading material on the dike; May 1974; Bureau of Reclamation photo by D. W. Stein Close

• 35. [Image] Aerial view of Clear Lake Dam and Reservoir on Lost River in California, about 8 miles southeast of the Oregon Boundary

  	P-12-200-4023 NA Klamath Project, California-Oregon. This feature provides storage for irrigation and reduces flow into Tule Lake. The dam is an earth-and-rock-fill type structure 39 feet high and a ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Aerial view of Clear Lake Dam and Reservoir on Lost River in California, about 8 miles southeast of the Oregon Boundary Author: United States. Bureau of Reclamation, Dahilig, J.C. Year: 1975, 2009, 2006 P-12-200-4023 NA Klamath Project, California-Oregon. This feature provides storage for irrigation and reduces flow into Tule Lake. The dam is an earth-and-rock-fill type structure 39 feet high and a crest length of 840 feet. The reservoir has a capacity of 527,000 acre-feet; May 7, 1975; Bureau of Reclamation photo by J. C. Dahilig Title: Aerial view of Clear Lake Dam and Reservoir on Lost River in California, about 8 miles southeast of the Oregon Boundary Author: United States. Bureau of Reclamation, Dahilig, J.C. Year: 1975, 2009, 2006 P-12-200-4023 NA Klamath Project, California-Oregon. This feature provides storage for irrigation and reduces flow into Tule Lake. The dam is an earth-and-rock-fill type structure 39 feet high and a crest length of 840 feet. The reservoir has a capacity of 527,000 acre-feet; May 7, 1975; Bureau of Reclamation photo by J. C. Dahilig Close

• 36. [Image] Aerial view looking upstream at Gerber Dam and Reservoir on Miller Creek, 14 miles east of Bonanza, Oregon

  	P-12-200-4024 NA Klamath Project, California-Oregon. The feature provides storage for irrigation and reduces flow into Tule Lake. The dam is a concrete arch type structure 88 feet high and a crest length ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Aerial view looking upstream at Gerber Dam and Reservoir on Miller Creek, 14 miles east of Bonanza, Oregon Author: United States. Bureau of Reclamation, Dahilig, J.C. Year: 1975, 2009, 2006 P-12-200-4024 NA Klamath Project, California-Oregon. The feature provides storage for irrigation and reduces flow into Tule Lake. The dam is a concrete arch type structure 88 feet high and a crest length of 485 feet. The reservoir has a capacity of 94,300 acre-feet; May 7, 1975; Bureau of Reclamation photo by J. C. Dahilig Title: Aerial view looking upstream at Gerber Dam and Reservoir on Miller Creek, 14 miles east of Bonanza, Oregon Author: United States. Bureau of Reclamation, Dahilig, J.C. Year: 1975, 2009, 2006 P-12-200-4024 NA Klamath Project, California-Oregon. The feature provides storage for irrigation and reduces flow into Tule Lake. The dam is a concrete arch type structure 88 feet high and a crest length of 485 feet. The reservoir has a capacity of 94,300 acre-feet; May 7, 1975; Bureau of Reclamation photo by J. C. Dahilig Close

• 37. [Image] Aerial view looking upstream at Gerber Dam and Reservoir on Miller Creek, 14 miles east of Bonanza, Oregon

  	P-12-200-4025 NA Klamath Project, California-Oregon. The feature provides storage for irrigation and reduces flow into Tule Lake. The dam is a concrete arch type structure 88 feet high and a crest length ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Aerial view looking upstream at Gerber Dam and Reservoir on Miller Creek, 14 miles east of Bonanza, Oregon Author: United States. Bureau of Reclamation, Dahilig, J.C. Year: 1975, 2009, 2006 P-12-200-4025 NA Klamath Project, California-Oregon. The feature provides storage for irrigation and reduces flow into Tule Lake. The dam is a concrete arch type structure 88 feet high and a crest length of 485 feet. The reservoir has a capacity of 94,300 acre-feet; May 7, 1975; Bureau of Reclamation photo by J. C. Dahilig Title: Aerial view looking upstream at Gerber Dam and Reservoir on Miller Creek, 14 miles east of Bonanza, Oregon Author: United States. Bureau of Reclamation, Dahilig, J.C. Year: 1975, 2009, 2006 P-12-200-4025 NA Klamath Project, California-Oregon. The feature provides storage for irrigation and reduces flow into Tule Lake. The dam is a concrete arch type structure 88 feet high and a crest length of 485 feet. The reservoir has a capacity of 94,300 acre-feet; May 7, 1975; Bureau of Reclamation photo by J. C. Dahilig Close

• 38. [Image] Aerial view looking upstream at Link River Diversion Dam on Link River at the head of the Klamath River, west of Klamath Falls, Oregon

  	P-12-200-4026 NA Klamath Project, California-Oregon. The feature regulates flow from the Upper Klamath Lake Reservoir. It is a principal source of water supply for the project. The dam is a reinforced ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Aerial view looking upstream at Link River Diversion Dam on Link River at the head of the Klamath River, west of Klamath Falls, Oregon Author: United States. Bureau of Reclamation, Dahilig, J.C. Year: 1975, 2009, 2006 P-12-200-4026 NA Klamath Project, California-Oregon. The feature regulates flow from the Upper Klamath Lake Reservoir. It is a principal source of water supply for the project. The dam is a reinforced concrete slab type structure 22 feet high and a crest length of 435 feet. The reservoir has a capacity of 873,000 acre-feet and is operated by the Pacific Power and Light Company, subject to Klamath Project rights; May 7, 1975; Bureau of Reclamation photo by J. C. Dahilig Title: Aerial view looking upstream at Link River Diversion Dam on Link River at the head of the Klamath River, west of Klamath Falls, Oregon Author: United States. Bureau of Reclamation, Dahilig, J.C. Year: 1975, 2009, 2006 P-12-200-4026 NA Klamath Project, California-Oregon. The feature regulates flow from the Upper Klamath Lake Reservoir. It is a principal source of water supply for the project. The dam is a reinforced concrete slab type structure 22 feet high and a crest length of 435 feet. The reservoir has a capacity of 873,000 acre-feet and is operated by the Pacific Power and Light Company, subject to Klamath Project rights; May 7, 1975; Bureau of Reclamation photo by J. C. Dahilig Close

• 39. [Image] Aerial view looking upstream at Link River Diversion Dam on Link River at the head of the Klamath River, west of Klamath Falls, Oregon

  	P-12-200-4027 NA Klamath Project, California-Oregon. The feature regulates flow from the Upper Klamath Lake Reservoir. It is a principal source of water supply for the project. The dam is a reinforced ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Aerial view looking upstream at Link River Diversion Dam on Link River at the head of the Klamath River, west of Klamath Falls, Oregon Author: United States. Bureau of Reclamation, Dahilig, J.C. Year: 1975, 2009, 2006 P-12-200-4027 NA Klamath Project, California-Oregon. The feature regulates flow from the Upper Klamath Lake Reservoir. It is a principal source of water supply for the project. The dam is a reinforced concrete slab type structure 22 feet high and a crest length of 435 feet. The reservoir has a capacity of 873,000 acre-feet and is operated by the Pacific Power and Light Company, subject to Klamath Project rights; May 7, 1975; Bureau of Reclamation photo by J. C. Dahilig Title: Aerial view looking upstream at Link River Diversion Dam on Link River at the head of the Klamath River, west of Klamath Falls, Oregon Author: United States. Bureau of Reclamation, Dahilig, J.C. Year: 1975, 2009, 2006 P-12-200-4027 NA Klamath Project, California-Oregon. The feature regulates flow from the Upper Klamath Lake Reservoir. It is a principal source of water supply for the project. The dam is a reinforced concrete slab type structure 22 feet high and a crest length of 435 feet. The reservoir has a capacity of 873,000 acre-feet and is operated by the Pacific Power and Light Company, subject to Klamath Project rights; May 7, 1975; Bureau of Reclamation photo by J. C. Dahilig Close

• 40. [Image] Utah Geothermal Commercialization Project, Final Report April 1979 - March 1985

  	This report summarizes the results of these tasks and references the specific reports in which they can be found. The benefits of the project to the state are discussed, including the passage of state ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Utah Geothermal Commercialization Project, Final Report April 1979 - March 1985 Author: Division of Water Rights Year: 1985 This report summarizes the results of these tasks and references the specific reports in which they can be found. The benefits of the project to the state are discussed, including the passage of state legislation dealing with the regulation of geothermal development in the state, and providing a source of information and assistance within the state for potential developers Title: Utah Geothermal Commercialization Project, Final Report April 1979 - March 1985 Author: Division of Water Rights Year: 1985 This report summarizes the results of these tasks and references the specific reports in which they can be found. The benefits of the project to the state are discussed, including the passage of state legislation dealing with the regulation of geothermal development in the state, and providing a source of information and assistance within the state for potential developers Close

• 41. [Image] Backgrounder: The Columbia River Treaty Revisited

  	The huge undertaking which evolved from the Treaty included doubling the hydroelectric reservoir capacity in the Columbia Basin, and construction of the Pacific Northwest-Pacific Southwest Intertie. The ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Backgrounder: The Columbia River Treaty Revisited Author: Bonneville Power Administration Year: 1989 The huge undertaking which evolved from the Treaty included doubling the hydroelectric reservoir capacity in the Columbia Basin, and construction of the Pacific Northwest-Pacific Southwest Intertie. The additions of the Third Powerhouse at Grand Coulee Dam and the Second Powerhouse at Bonneville Dam are offshoots of the Treaty, as are other hydropower resources in both Canada and the U.S. Northwest Title: Backgrounder: The Columbia River Treaty Revisited Author: Bonneville Power Administration Year: 1989 The huge undertaking which evolved from the Treaty included doubling the hydroelectric reservoir capacity in the Columbia Basin, and construction of the Pacific Northwest-Pacific Southwest Intertie. The additions of the Third Powerhouse at Grand Coulee Dam and the Second Powerhouse at Bonneville Dam are offshoots of the Treaty, as are other hydropower resources in both Canada and the U.S. Northwest Close

• 42. [Image] Priorities and Allocations Support for Energy: Keeping Energy Programs on Schedule

  	This handbook is designed to explain how priorities and allocations may be used to support energy programs and projects
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Priorities and Allocations Support for Energy: Keeping Energy Programs on Schedule Author: U. S. Department of Energy Year: 1980 This handbook is designed to explain how priorities and allocations may be used to support energy programs and projects Title: Priorities and Allocations Support for Energy: Keeping Energy Programs on Schedule Author: U. S. Department of Energy Year: 1980 This handbook is designed to explain how priorities and allocations may be used to support energy programs and projects Close

• 43. [Image] Geothermal Computer Program Workshop

  	This document is a collection of several readouts of different user manuals for computer code
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Geothermal Computer Program Workshop Author: Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory Year: 1980 This document is a collection of several readouts of different user manuals for computer code Title: Geothermal Computer Program Workshop Author: Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory Year: 1980 This document is a collection of several readouts of different user manuals for computer code Close

• 44. [Image] Optimization of Residential Size Heat Pumps for Use With Geothermal Energy

  	This paper considers the optimum design of unitary water-to-air heat pump units for use in distributed systems. The idea considers a heat pump unit with standard off-the-shelf components but optimized ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Optimization of Residential Size Heat Pumps for Use With Geothermal Energy Author: Reistad, G. M. This paper considers the optimum design of unitary water-to-air heat pump units for use in distributed systems. The idea considers a heat pump unit with standard off-the-shelf components but optimized for heating when using a geothermal resource of a particular temperature and cost, as the low temperature energy source Title: Optimization of Residential Size Heat Pumps for Use With Geothermal Energy Author: Reistad, G. M. This paper considers the optimum design of unitary water-to-air heat pump units for use in distributed systems. The idea considers a heat pump unit with standard off-the-shelf components but optimized for heating when using a geothermal resource of a particular temperature and cost, as the low temperature energy source Close

• 45. [Image] Diesel Heat Pump for District Heating Plants and for the Heating of Large Housing Blocks

  	The aim of this project is to investigate technical, economic, and environmental aspects of large diesel driven heat pump plants for district heating and for central heating of large buildings
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Diesel Heat Pump for District Heating Plants and for the Heating of Large Housing Blocks Author: Petersen, B. Year: 1980 The aim of this project is to investigate technical, economic, and environmental aspects of large diesel driven heat pump plants for district heating and for central heating of large buildings Title: Diesel Heat Pump for District Heating Plants and for the Heating of Large Housing Blocks Author: Petersen, B. Year: 1980 The aim of this project is to investigate technical, economic, and environmental aspects of large diesel driven heat pump plants for district heating and for central heating of large buildings Close

• 46. [Image] Open File Data on the Cerro Prieto Geothermal Field

  	The Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory (LBL) under the auspices of the U. S. Energy Research and Development Administration (ERDA) has embarked on a cooperative project with the Comisi6n Federal de Electricidad ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Open File Data on the Cerro Prieto Geothermal Field Author: Lippmann, M.J. Year: 1977 The Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory (LBL) under the auspices of the U. S. Energy Research and Development Administration (ERDA) has embarked on a cooperative project with the Comisi6n Federal de Electricidad of Mexico (CFE) in a detailed study of the producing geothermal reservoir at Cerro Prieto, Baja California (Figure 1). Presently, 75 megawatts of electrical power are produced at Cerro Prieto; CFE plans to expand the capacity several fold over the next decade. The cooperative project incorporates studies of the geologic, hydrogeologic, geochemical and geophysical settings of the Cerro Prieto Field, as well as its reservoir engineering and subsidence characteristics Title: Open File Data on the Cerro Prieto Geothermal Field Author: Lippmann, M.J. Year: 1977 The Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory (LBL) under the auspices of the U. S. Energy Research and Development Administration (ERDA) has embarked on a cooperative project with the Comisi6n Federal de Electricidad of Mexico (CFE) in a detailed study of the producing geothermal reservoir at Cerro Prieto, Baja California (Figure 1). Presently, 75 megawatts of electrical power are produced at Cerro Prieto; CFE plans to expand the capacity several fold over the next decade. The cooperative project incorporates studies of the geologic, hydrogeologic, geochemical and geophysical settings of the Cerro Prieto Field, as well as its reservoir engineering and subsidence characteristics Close

• 47. [Image] A Guide to Geothermal Energy and the Environment

  	Geothermal energy, defined as heat from the Earth, is a statute-recognized renewable resource. The first U.S. geothermal power plant, opened at The Geysers in California in 1960, continues to operate successfully. ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: A Guide to Geothermal Energy and the Environment Author: Kagel, A. Year: 2005 Geothermal energy, defined as heat from the Earth, is a statute-recognized renewable resource. The first U.S. geothermal power plant, opened at The Geysers in California in 1960, continues to operate successfully. The United States, as the world's largest producer of geothermal electricity, generates an average of 15 billion kilowatt hours of power per year, comparable to burning close to 25 million barrels of oil or 6 million short tons of coal per year Title: A Guide to Geothermal Energy and the Environment Author: Kagel, A. Year: 2005 Geothermal energy, defined as heat from the Earth, is a statute-recognized renewable resource. The first U.S. geothermal power plant, opened at The Geysers in California in 1960, continues to operate successfully. The United States, as the world's largest producer of geothermal electricity, generates an average of 15 billion kilowatt hours of power per year, comparable to burning close to 25 million barrels of oil or 6 million short tons of coal per year Close

• 48. [Image] Santa Rosa Geysers Recharge Project: GEO-98-001 Final Report

  	In May of 1999, the City of Santa Rosa working cooperatively with Unocal, Calpine and the State Lands Commission submitted an application for funding from the California Energy Commission's Geothermal ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Santa Rosa Geysers Recharge Project: GEO-98-001 Final Report Author: Brauner, Jr. , E. Year: 2002 In May of 1999, the City of Santa Rosa working cooperatively with Unocal, Calpine and the State Lands Commission submitted an application for funding from the California Energy Commission's Geothermal Program for the City of Santa Rosa's Geysers Recharge project. On October 6, 2000 a contract for Project Number GEO-98-00 1 was executed by the California Energy Commission. This contract provided $3,563,000 in CEC funding. The project is now near completion and the CEC funding has been expended as anticipated. Prior to closing out the contract, Subtasks 5.2.3, - "Final Report" is required per the approved workplan Title: Santa Rosa Geysers Recharge Project: GEO-98-001 Final Report Author: Brauner, Jr. , E. Year: 2002 In May of 1999, the City of Santa Rosa working cooperatively with Unocal, Calpine and the State Lands Commission submitted an application for funding from the California Energy Commission's Geothermal Program for the City of Santa Rosa's Geysers Recharge project. On October 6, 2000 a contract for Project Number GEO-98-00 1 was executed by the California Energy Commission. This contract provided $3,563,000 in CEC funding. The project is now near completion and the CEC funding has been expended as anticipated. Prior to closing out the contract, Subtasks 5.2.3, - "Final Report" is required per the approved workplan Close

• 49. [Image] Industry Participation in DOE-Sponsored Geopressured Geothermal Resource Development

  	The Salt Water Disposal Study reviewed subsurface salt water disposal experience on the Texas and Louisiana Gulf Coast. This preliminary study concluded that subsurface brine disposal should be possible ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Industry Participation in DOE-Sponsored Geopressured Geothermal Resource Development Author: Coffer, H. F Year: 1979 The Salt Water Disposal Study reviewed subsurface salt water disposal experience on the Texas and Louisiana Gulf Coast. This preliminary study concluded that subsurface brine disposal should be possible in the areas of interest with adequate evaluation of the geology of each area and a well designed and constructed surface and subsurface facility. The industry survey indicated general satisfactory with the technical design of the resource evaluation program but felt the program should be moving faster. Excellent communication with industry had been maintained through the forum meetings and the status reports Title: Industry Participation in DOE-Sponsored Geopressured Geothermal Resource Development Author: Coffer, H. F Year: 1979 The Salt Water Disposal Study reviewed subsurface salt water disposal experience on the Texas and Louisiana Gulf Coast. This preliminary study concluded that subsurface brine disposal should be possible in the areas of interest with adequate evaluation of the geology of each area and a well designed and constructed surface and subsurface facility. The industry survey indicated general satisfactory with the technical design of the resource evaluation program but felt the program should be moving faster. Excellent communication with industry had been maintained through the forum meetings and the status reports Close

• 50. [Image] Geothermal Energy as a Source of Electricity

  	Work on this survey teaches that electricity from geothermal resources is viable, and that its commercial risks are no different from those associated with the established and more familiar technologies. ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Geothermal Energy as a Source of Electricity Author: DiPippo, R. (ed.) Year: 1980 Work on this survey teaches that electricity from geothermal resources is viable, and that its commercial risks are no different from those associated with the established and more familiar technologies. Geothermal power has proved beneficial for a number of countries, and will play a particularly important role in such developing countries as El Salvador and the Philippines, primarily because of its simplicity of construction, operation, and maintenance. It has demonstrated the ability to achieve capacity factors (ratio of kilowatt-hours produced per annum to the maximum possible) exceeding 80%. The comparable figure for fossil plants is only about 50%. In those applications, geothermal power has proved to be economical, and clearly less expensive than installations using oil, coal or nuclear fuel Title: Geothermal Energy as a Source of Electricity Author: DiPippo, R. (ed.) Year: 1980 Work on this survey teaches that electricity from geothermal resources is viable, and that its commercial risks are no different from those associated with the established and more familiar technologies. Geothermal power has proved beneficial for a number of countries, and will play a particularly important role in such developing countries as El Salvador and the Philippines, primarily because of its simplicity of construction, operation, and maintenance. It has demonstrated the ability to achieve capacity factors (ratio of kilowatt-hours produced per annum to the maximum possible) exceeding 80%. The comparable figure for fossil plants is only about 50%. In those applications, geothermal power has proved to be economical, and clearly less expensive than installations using oil, coal or nuclear fuel Close

• 51. [Image] Deep-Seated Geothermal Resources Survey: A Compendium of Publications, October 1993-February 1996

  	Unused deep geothermal resources in Japan have been estimated to have great potential, and tapping them would be an effective method for significantly increasing the capacity of geothermal power generation. ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Deep-Seated Geothermal Resources Survey: A Compendium of Publications, October 1993-February 1996 Author: Geothermal Energy Development Department, NEDO Year: 1997 Unused deep geothermal resources in Japan have been estimated to have great potential, and tapping them would be an effective method for significantly increasing the capacity of geothermal power generation. However, our understanding of geothermal systems that exist at depths of over 2,000 m is still very limited. Therefore, in order to delineate characteristics of deep geothermal reservoirs and establish a desirable direction for the development of deep geothermal resources, NEDO started a six-year research project entitled "Deep-seated Geothermal Resources Survey" within the framework of the New Sunshine Project of the Ministry of International Trade and Industry (MITI) in FY 1992 Title: Deep-Seated Geothermal Resources Survey: A Compendium of Publications, October 1993-February 1996 Author: Geothermal Energy Development Department, NEDO Year: 1997 Unused deep geothermal resources in Japan have been estimated to have great potential, and tapping them would be an effective method for significantly increasing the capacity of geothermal power generation. However, our understanding of geothermal systems that exist at depths of over 2,000 m is still very limited. Therefore, in order to delineate characteristics of deep geothermal reservoirs and establish a desirable direction for the development of deep geothermal resources, NEDO started a six-year research project entitled "Deep-seated Geothermal Resources Survey" within the framework of the New Sunshine Project of the Ministry of International Trade and Industry (MITI) in FY 1992 Close

• 52. [Image] Water Related Planning and Design at Energy Firms

  	The use of water by energy firms depends upon a number of factors subject to both planning and design. Under conditions of abundant, low-cost water supplies typical of the past, such planning and design ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Water Related Planning and Design at Energy Firms Author: Abbey, D. Year: 1980 The use of water by energy firms depends upon a number of factors subject to both planning and design. Under conditions of abundant, low-cost water supplies typical of the past, such planning and design was somewhat routine. With increasing concern and competition for water, there is now considerable interest in design and planning alternatives of energy firms in regard to water. This report provides an overview of such alternatives and assesses their significance Title: Water Related Planning and Design at Energy Firms Author: Abbey, D. Year: 1980 The use of water by energy firms depends upon a number of factors subject to both planning and design. Under conditions of abundant, low-cost water supplies typical of the past, such planning and design was somewhat routine. With increasing concern and competition for water, there is now considerable interest in design and planning alternatives of energy firms in regard to water. This report provides an overview of such alternatives and assesses their significance Close

• 53. [Image] Water Supply and Demand in an Energy Supply Model

  	This report describes a tool for water and energy-related policy analysis, the development of a water supply and demand sector in a linear programming model of energy supply in the United States. The model ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Water Supply and Demand in an Energy Supply Model Author: Abbey, D. Year: 1980 This report describes a tool for water and energy-related policy analysis, the development of a water supply and demand sector in a linear programming model of energy supply in the United States. The model allows adjustments in the input mix and plant siting in response to water scarcity Title: Water Supply and Demand in an Energy Supply Model Author: Abbey, D. Year: 1980 This report describes a tool for water and energy-related policy analysis, the development of a water supply and demand sector in a linear programming model of energy supply in the United States. The model allows adjustments in the input mix and plant siting in response to water scarcity Close

• 54. [Image] Institutional Barriers To Geothermal Energy Development: Third Report of The Institutional Barrier Panel to the Interagency Geothermal Coordinating Council

  	Since the last report of the Institutional Barrier Panel (December 21, 1976), the federal energy establishment has been reorganized and a National Energy Plan proposed there has been some progress toward ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Institutional Barriers To Geothermal Energy Development: Third Report of The Institutional Barrier Panel to the Interagency Geothermal Coordinating Council Author: Stephens, R. C. Year: 1978 Since the last report of the Institutional Barrier Panel (December 21, 1976), the federal energy establishment has been reorganized and a National Energy Plan proposed there has been some progress toward resolution of the major institutional impediments with which the panel has concerned itself, but little in the way of final resolution, as can be seen from the discussion in this report. However, in the two most severe problem areas, Federal Tax Policy and Federal Leasing and Permitting, initiatives proposed in the National Energy Plan are nearing implementation Title: Institutional Barriers To Geothermal Energy Development: Third Report of The Institutional Barrier Panel to the Interagency Geothermal Coordinating Council Author: Stephens, R. C. Year: 1978 Since the last report of the Institutional Barrier Panel (December 21, 1976), the federal energy establishment has been reorganized and a National Energy Plan proposed there has been some progress toward resolution of the major institutional impediments with which the panel has concerned itself, but little in the way of final resolution, as can be seen from the discussion in this report. However, in the two most severe problem areas, Federal Tax Policy and Federal Leasing and Permitting, initiatives proposed in the National Energy Plan are nearing implementation Close

• 55. [Image] Report on payment capacity for Tule Lake irrigation district, Klamath Project

  	SUMMARY To provide a basis for negotiations of a repayment contract with an irrigation district representing the water users of the Tule Lake Division of the Klamath Project, this report has been prepared. ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Report on payment capacity for Tule Lake irrigation district, Klamath Project Author: Best, R.R. Year: 1948, 2004 SUMMARY To provide a basis for negotiations of a repayment contract with an irrigation district representing the water users of the Tule Lake Division of the Klamath Project, this report has been prepared. It covers past, present, and anticipated future agricultural and economic conditions and substantiates the proposed district's capacity to repay construction costs for irrigation water as well as to meet operation and maintenance charges It has been prepared according to procedures and policies established pursuant to the Federal Reclamation laws (Act of June 17, 1902, 32 Stat. 388, and acts amendatory thereof and supplementary thereto.) In general, a representative farm budget method of analysis was employed to determine the payment capacity* Gross income of the land was based upon average per acre yields in the area and 1939-44 prices received. Prices of certain crops were adjusted further in accordance with long term outlook for these crops. From the gross income, all farm operating and retention expenses, including cultural and harvesting costs, taxes, insurance, depreciation and replacement, interest on investment, and a reasonable allowance for family living predicated upon the same base period (1939-44) have been subtracted to arrive at payment capacity. Individual consideration has been given to the block of land entered prior to 1948 (the major portion of the area), the lands of the Coppock Bay Area which are principally Class 2, and the undeveloped lands of the area just south of Malin, Oregon, Area C, Plate 1. The annual payment capacity of the irrigable lands entered prior to 1914-8, is determined to be approximately $50 per acre. The Class 2 lands of the Coppock Bay Area are shown to have a payment capacity of $21 per acre, as a result of slightly higher operating costs and probable lower yield or quality of certain crops. For the undeveloped area just south of Malin, Area C of Plate 1, the payment capacity is determined at $18 per acre after development to the extent expected under settlement and development plans currently being formulated The weighted average payment capacity for these areas is calculated to be $26.25 per acre. There is no need for a development period for the lands of the Tule Lake Division, except for the latter area as indicated above. Furthermore, after liberal allowance for farming costs and a reasonable family living, the resulting payment capacities appear to be well in excess of any annual installments likely to be considered necessary for repayment of the District's construction obligation and operation and maintenance charges. Title: Report on payment capacity for Tule Lake irrigation district, Klamath Project Author: Best, R.R. Year: 1948, 2004 SUMMARY To provide a basis for negotiations of a repayment contract with an irrigation district representing the water users of the Tule Lake Division of the Klamath Project, this report has been prepared. It covers past, present, and anticipated future agricultural and economic conditions and substantiates the proposed district's capacity to repay construction costs for irrigation water as well as to meet operation and maintenance charges It has been prepared according to procedures and policies established pursuant to the Federal Reclamation laws (Act of June 17, 1902, 32 Stat. 388, and acts amendatory thereof and supplementary thereto.) In general, a representative farm budget method of analysis was employed to determine the payment capacity* Gross income of the land was based upon average per acre yields in the area and 1939-44 prices received. Prices of certain crops were adjusted further in accordance with long term outlook for these crops. From the gross income, all farm operating and retention expenses, including cultural and harvesting costs, taxes, insurance, depreciation and replacement, interest on investment, and a reasonable allowance for family living predicated upon the same base period (1939-44) have been subtracted to arrive at payment capacity. Individual consideration has been given to the block of land entered prior to 1948 (the major portion of the area), the lands of the Coppock Bay Area which are principally Class 2, and the undeveloped lands of the area just south of Malin, Oregon, Area C, Plate 1. The annual payment capacity of the irrigable lands entered prior to 1914-8, is determined to be approximately $50 per acre. The Class 2 lands of the Coppock Bay Area are shown to have a payment capacity of $21 per acre, as a result of slightly higher operating costs and probable lower yield or quality of certain crops. For the undeveloped area just south of Malin, Area C of Plate 1, the payment capacity is determined at $18 per acre after development to the extent expected under settlement and development plans currently being formulated The weighted average payment capacity for these areas is calculated to be $26.25 per acre. There is no need for a development period for the lands of the Tule Lake Division, except for the latter area as indicated above. Furthermore, after liberal allowance for farming costs and a reasonable family living, the resulting payment capacities appear to be well in excess of any annual installments likely to be considered necessary for repayment of the District's construction obligation and operation and maintenance charges. Close

• 56. [Image] Draft 100 percent report: Crater Lake transportation study

  	ill.; "August 1989, prepared for: National Park Service." - T.p.; Missing page 39; Includes bibliographical references (p. 40).
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Draft 100 percent report: Crater Lake transportation study Author: Sno-Engineering Inc. Year: 1989, 2009, 2010 ill.; "August 1989, prepared for: National Park Service." - T.p.; Missing page 39; Includes bibliographical references (p. 40). Title: Draft 100 percent report: Crater Lake transportation study Author: Sno-Engineering Inc. Year: 1989, 2009, 2010 ill.; "August 1989, prepared for: National Park Service." - T.p.; Missing page 39; Includes bibliographical references (p. 40). Close

• 57. [Image] Aerial view looking upstream at Link River Diversion Dam on Link River at the head of the Klamath River, west of Klamath Falls, Oregon

  	P-12-200-4239 NA Klamath Project, California-Oregon. The feature regulates flow from the Upper Klamath Lake Reservoir. It is a principle source of water supply for the project. The dam is a reinforced ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Aerial view looking upstream at Link River Diversion Dam on Link River at the head of the Klamath River, west of Klamath Falls, Oregon Author: United States. Bureau of Reclamation, Dahilig, J.C. Year: 1976, 2009, 2007 P-12-200-4239 NA Klamath Project, California-Oregon. The feature regulates flow from the Upper Klamath Lake Reservoir. It is a principle source of water supply for the project. The dam is a reinforced concrete slab type structure 22 feet high and has a crest length of 435 feet. The reservoir has a capacity of 873,000 acre-feet and is operated by the Pacific Power and Light Company, subject to Klamath Project rights; September 29, 1976; Bureau of Reclamation photo by J. C. Dahilig Title: Aerial view looking upstream at Link River Diversion Dam on Link River at the head of the Klamath River, west of Klamath Falls, Oregon Author: United States. Bureau of Reclamation, Dahilig, J.C. Year: 1976, 2009, 2007 P-12-200-4239 NA Klamath Project, California-Oregon. The feature regulates flow from the Upper Klamath Lake Reservoir. It is a principle source of water supply for the project. The dam is a reinforced concrete slab type structure 22 feet high and has a crest length of 435 feet. The reservoir has a capacity of 873,000 acre-feet and is operated by the Pacific Power and Light Company, subject to Klamath Project rights; September 29, 1976; Bureau of Reclamation photo by J. C. Dahilig Close

• 58. [Image] Aerial view looking upstrean at Link River Diversion Dam on Link River at the head of the Klamath River, west of Klamath Falls, Oregon

  	P-12-200-4240 NA Klamath Project, California-Oregon. The feature regulates flow from the Upper Klamath Lake Reservoir. It is a principle source of water supply for the project. The dam is a reinforced ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Aerial view looking upstrean at Link River Diversion Dam on Link River at the head of the Klamath River, west of Klamath Falls, Oregon Author: United States. Bureau of Reclamation, Dahilig, J.C. Year: 1976, 2009, 2007 P-12-200-4240 NA Klamath Project, California-Oregon. The feature regulates flow from the Upper Klamath Lake Reservoir. It is a principle source of water supply for the project. The dam is a reinforced concrete slab type structure 22 feet high and has a crest length of 435 feet. The reservoir has a capacity of 873,000 acre-feet and is operated by the Pacific Power and Light Company, subject to Klamath Project rights; September 29, 1976; Bureau of Reclamation photo by J. C. Dahilig Title: Aerial view looking upstrean at Link River Diversion Dam on Link River at the head of the Klamath River, west of Klamath Falls, Oregon Author: United States. Bureau of Reclamation, Dahilig, J.C. Year: 1976, 2009, 2007 P-12-200-4240 NA Klamath Project, California-Oregon. The feature regulates flow from the Upper Klamath Lake Reservoir. It is a principle source of water supply for the project. The dam is a reinforced concrete slab type structure 22 feet high and has a crest length of 435 feet. The reservoir has a capacity of 873,000 acre-feet and is operated by the Pacific Power and Light Company, subject to Klamath Project rights; September 29, 1976; Bureau of Reclamation photo by J. C. Dahilig Close

• 59. [Image] Aerial view looking upstream at Link River Diversion Dam on Link River at the head of the Klamath River, west of Klamath Falls, Oregon

  	P-12-200-4261 NA Klamath Project, California-Oregon. The feature regulates flow from the Upper Klamath Lake Reservoir. It is a principal source of water supply for the project. The dam is a reinforced ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Aerial view looking upstream at Link River Diversion Dam on Link River at the head of the Klamath River, west of Klamath Falls, Oregon Author: United States. Bureau of Reclamation, Dahilig, J.C. Year: 1978, 2009, 2007 P-12-200-4261 NA Klamath Project, California-Oregon. The feature regulates flow from the Upper Klamath Lake Reservoir. It is a principal source of water supply for the project. The dam is a reinforced concrete slab type structure 22 feet high and has a crest length of 435 feet. The reservoir has a capacity of 873,000 acre-feet and is operated by the Pacific Power and Light Company, subject to Klamath Project rights; June 23, 1978; Bureau of Reclamation photo by J. C. Dahilig Title: Aerial view looking upstream at Link River Diversion Dam on Link River at the head of the Klamath River, west of Klamath Falls, Oregon Author: United States. Bureau of Reclamation, Dahilig, J.C. Year: 1978, 2009, 2007 P-12-200-4261 NA Klamath Project, California-Oregon. The feature regulates flow from the Upper Klamath Lake Reservoir. It is a principal source of water supply for the project. The dam is a reinforced concrete slab type structure 22 feet high and has a crest length of 435 feet. The reservoir has a capacity of 873,000 acre-feet and is operated by the Pacific Power and Light Company, subject to Klamath Project rights; June 23, 1978; Bureau of Reclamation photo by J. C. Dahilig Close

• 60. [Image] Aerial view looking upstream at Link River Diversion Dam on Link River at the head of the Klamath River, west of Klamath Falls, Oregon

  	P-12-200-4262 NA Klamath Project, California-Oregon. The feature regulates flow from the Upper Klamath Lake Reservoir. It is a principal source of water supply for the project. The dam is a reinforced ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Aerial view looking upstream at Link River Diversion Dam on Link River at the head of the Klamath River, west of Klamath Falls, Oregon Author: United States. Bureau of Reclamation, Dahilig, J.C. Year: 1978, 2009, 2007 P-12-200-4262 NA Klamath Project, California-Oregon. The feature regulates flow from the Upper Klamath Lake Reservoir. It is a principal source of water supply for the project. The dam is a reinforced concrete slab type structure 22 feet high and has a crest length of 435 feet. The reservoir has a capacity of 873,000 acre-feet and is operated by the Pacific Power and Light Company, subject to Klamath Project rights; June 23, 1978; Bureau of Reclamation photo by J. C. Dahilig Title: Aerial view looking upstream at Link River Diversion Dam on Link River at the head of the Klamath River, west of Klamath Falls, Oregon Author: United States. Bureau of Reclamation, Dahilig, J.C. Year: 1978, 2009, 2007 P-12-200-4262 NA Klamath Project, California-Oregon. The feature regulates flow from the Upper Klamath Lake Reservoir. It is a principal source of water supply for the project. The dam is a reinforced concrete slab type structure 22 feet high and has a crest length of 435 feet. The reservoir has a capacity of 873,000 acre-feet and is operated by the Pacific Power and Light Company, subject to Klamath Project rights; June 23, 1978; Bureau of Reclamation photo by J. C. Dahilig Close

• 61. [Image] Aerial view looking upstream at Link River Diversion Dam on Link River at the head of the Klamath River, west of Klamath Falls, Oregon

  	P-12-200-4263 NA Klamath Project, California-Oregon. The feature regulates flow from the Upper Klamath Lake Reservoir. It is a principal source of water supply for the project. The dam is a reinforced ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Aerial view looking upstream at Link River Diversion Dam on Link River at the head of the Klamath River, west of Klamath Falls, Oregon Author: United States. Bureau of Reclamation, Dahilig, J.C. Year: 1978, 2009, 2007 P-12-200-4263 NA Klamath Project, California-Oregon. The feature regulates flow from the Upper Klamath Lake Reservoir. It is a principal source of water supply for the project. The dam is a reinforced concrete slab type structure 22 feet high and has a crest length of 435 feet. The reservoir has a capacity of 873,000 acre-feet and is operated by the Pacific Power and Light Company, subject to Klamath Project rights; June 23, 1978; Bureau of Reclamation photo by J. C. Dahilig Title: Aerial view looking upstream at Link River Diversion Dam on Link River at the head of the Klamath River, west of Klamath Falls, Oregon Author: United States. Bureau of Reclamation, Dahilig, J.C. Year: 1978, 2009, 2007 P-12-200-4263 NA Klamath Project, California-Oregon. The feature regulates flow from the Upper Klamath Lake Reservoir. It is a principal source of water supply for the project. The dam is a reinforced concrete slab type structure 22 feet high and has a crest length of 435 feet. The reservoir has a capacity of 873,000 acre-feet and is operated by the Pacific Power and Light Company, subject to Klamath Project rights; June 23, 1978; Bureau of Reclamation photo by J. C. Dahilig Close

• 62. [Image] Recreational use and carrying capacity for the Klamath River

  	ABSTRACT These reports document recreation use and estimate carrying capacities for the Klamath River in northern California. The river section studied runs from Interstate 5 near Yreka to the town of ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Recreational use and carrying capacity for the Klamath River Author: Shelby, Bo Year: 1984, 2005 ABSTRACT These reports document recreation use and estimate carrying capacities for the Klamath River in northern California. The river section studied runs from Interstate 5 near Yreka to the town of Orleans, and includes the lower sections of the Scott and Salmon River tributaries. A major highway runs along the river throughout the study area, with numerous; access points. The study covers the summer river running season and the fall salmon/ steel head fishing season. Because of the differences in time periods and activities, the study was done in two separate parts, each with a separate report. This document combines the two. The summer season report is presented first, followed by the fall season report. Each of these is preceeded by its own table of contents, list of tables, and summary of findings, and each is followed by its own appendices. The reports are separated by a colored page for easy reference. Data were collected by sampling, observation, and counting as well as a user questionnaire. Th? study presents a detailed description of river sections and documents recreational use by location and activity type. Carrying capacities are estimated for both river running and fishing activities. Estimates include discussions of ecological, facility, physical, and social carrying capacities, distinguishing descriptive and evaluative components. Limiting factors vary, depending on the activity and location. The more developed setting and the variety of activities and capacities distinguishes this project from earlier river capacity studies. Title: Recreational use and carrying capacity for the Klamath River Author: Shelby, Bo Year: 1984, 2005 ABSTRACT These reports document recreation use and estimate carrying capacities for the Klamath River in northern California. The river section studied runs from Interstate 5 near Yreka to the town of Orleans, and includes the lower sections of the Scott and Salmon River tributaries. A major highway runs along the river throughout the study area, with numerous; access points. The study covers the summer river running season and the fall salmon/ steel head fishing season. Because of the differences in time periods and activities, the study was done in two separate parts, each with a separate report. This document combines the two. The summer season report is presented first, followed by the fall season report. Each of these is preceeded by its own table of contents, list of tables, and summary of findings, and each is followed by its own appendices. The reports are separated by a colored page for easy reference. Data were collected by sampling, observation, and counting as well as a user questionnaire. Th? study presents a detailed description of river sections and documents recreational use by location and activity type. Carrying capacities are estimated for both river running and fishing activities. Estimates include discussions of ecological, facility, physical, and social carrying capacities, distinguishing descriptive and evaluative components. Limiting factors vary, depending on the activity and location. The more developed setting and the variety of activities and capacities distinguishes this project from earlier river capacity studies. Close

• 63. [Image] Transient well testing in two-phase geothermal reservoirs

  	A study of well test analysis techniques in two-phase geothermal reservoirs has been conducted using a three-dimensional, two-phase, wellbore and reservoir simulation model. Well tests from Cerro Prieto ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Transient well testing in two-phase geothermal reservoirs Author: Aydelotte, S.R. Year: 1980 A study of well test analysis techniques in two-phase geothermal reservoirs has been conducted using a three-dimensional, two-phase, wellbore and reservoir simulation model. Well tests from Cerro Prieto and the Hawaiian Geothermal project have been history matched. Using these well tests as a base, the influence of reservoir permeability, porosity, thickness, and heat capacity, along with flow rate and fracturing were studied. Single and two-phase transient well test equations were used to analyze these tests with poor results due to rapidly changing fluid properties and inability to calculate the flowing steam saturation in the reservoir. The injection of cold water into the reservoir does give good data from which formation properties can be calculated. Title: Transient well testing in two-phase geothermal reservoirs Author: Aydelotte, S.R. Year: 1980 A study of well test analysis techniques in two-phase geothermal reservoirs has been conducted using a three-dimensional, two-phase, wellbore and reservoir simulation model. Well tests from Cerro Prieto and the Hawaiian Geothermal project have been history matched. Using these well tests as a base, the influence of reservoir permeability, porosity, thickness, and heat capacity, along with flow rate and fracturing were studied. Single and two-phase transient well test equations were used to analyze these tests with poor results due to rapidly changing fluid properties and inability to calculate the flowing steam saturation in the reservoir. The injection of cold water into the reservoir does give good data from which formation properties can be calculated. Close

• 64. [Image] Geothermal Injection Treatment: Process Chemistry, Field Experiences, And Design Options

  	The successful development of geothermal reservoirs to generate electric power will require the injection disposal of approximately 700,000 gal/h (2.0 x 106 l/h) of heat-depleted brine for every 50,000 ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Geothermal Injection Treatment: Process Chemistry, Field Experiences, And Design Options Author: Kindle, C. H. Year: 1984 The successful development of geothermal reservoirs to generate electric power will require the injection disposal of approximately 700,000 gal/h (2.0 x 106 l/h) of heat-depleted brine for every 50,000 kW of generating capacity. To maintain injectability, the spent brine must be compatible with the receiving formation. The factors that influence this brine/formation compatibility and tests to quantify them are discussed in this report Title: Geothermal Injection Treatment: Process Chemistry, Field Experiences, And Design Options Author: Kindle, C. H. Year: 1984 The successful development of geothermal reservoirs to generate electric power will require the injection disposal of approximately 700,000 gal/h (2.0 x 106 l/h) of heat-depleted brine for every 50,000 kW of generating capacity. To maintain injectability, the spent brine must be compatible with the receiving formation. The factors that influence this brine/formation compatibility and tests to quantify them are discussed in this report Close

• 65. [Image] Geothermal Energy Omnibus Legislation Recommendations of the Institutional Barrier Panel to the Interagency Geothermal Coordinating Council

  	Three major pieces of legislation have been passed since 1970 to promote the development of geothermal resources in the U.S. These are the Geothermal steam act of 1970 (PL 91-581,the Geothermal Energy ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Geothermal Energy Omnibus Legislation Recommendations of the Institutional Barrier Panel to the Interagency Geothermal Coordinating Council Author: Geothermal Division, US Department of Energy Three major pieces of legislation have been passed since 1970 to promote the development of geothermal resources in the U.S. These are the Geothermal steam act of 1970 (PL 91-581,the Geothermal Energy Research, Development, and Demonstration Act of 1974P-4,and the five Acts that made up the 1978 National Energy Act - the Public Utility Regulatory Policies Act of 1978 -(a_95-61.7), the Energy Tax Act of 1978 OM 95-618), the National Energy Conservation Policy Act OM 65-619), the Power Plant and Industrial Fuel Use Act of 1978 (PL 95-620), and the Natural Gas Policy Act of 1978 (PL 95-621). These initiatives go a long way toward establishing a legal and regulatory framework favorable to commercial geothermal energy exploration and development, and incentives to stimulate early and widespread use by a variety of users. However, all of these acts require improvements if the geothermal energy utilization objectives of the Council are to be met. Consequently, the Institutional Barrier Panel has developed a recommended Geothermal Energy Omnibus 1 Bill to complete the legislative needs Title: Geothermal Energy Omnibus Legislation Recommendations of the Institutional Barrier Panel to the Interagency Geothermal Coordinating Council Author: Geothermal Division, US Department of Energy Three major pieces of legislation have been passed since 1970 to promote the development of geothermal resources in the U.S. These are the Geothermal steam act of 1970 (PL 91-581,the Geothermal Energy Research, Development, and Demonstration Act of 1974P-4,and the five Acts that made up the 1978 National Energy Act - the Public Utility Regulatory Policies Act of 1978 -(a_95-61.7), the Energy Tax Act of 1978 OM 95-618), the National Energy Conservation Policy Act OM 65-619), the Power Plant and Industrial Fuel Use Act of 1978 (PL 95-620), and the Natural Gas Policy Act of 1978 (PL 95-621). These initiatives go a long way toward establishing a legal and regulatory framework favorable to commercial geothermal energy exploration and development, and incentives to stimulate early and widespread use by a variety of users. However, all of these acts require improvements if the geothermal energy utilization objectives of the Council are to be met. Consequently, the Institutional Barrier Panel has developed a recommended Geothermal Energy Omnibus 1 Bill to complete the legislative needs Close

• 66. [Image] Crater Lake National Park, Oregon: general management plan

  	ill., maps; Includes bibliographical references
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Crater Lake National Park, Oregon: general management plan Author: United States. National Park Service Year: 1977, 2009, 2010 ill., maps; Includes bibliographical references Title: Crater Lake National Park, Oregon: general management plan Author: United States. National Park Service Year: 1977, 2009, 2010 ill., maps; Includes bibliographical references Close

• 67. [Image] Subsurface investigations at the Roosevelt KGRA, Utah. Final report

  	An investigation of the geothermal reservoir in the Roosevelt Hot Springs Known Geothermal Resource Area in Utah was carried out. The objective of this effort was to develop predictions for well production ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Subsurface investigations at the Roosevelt KGRA, Utah. Final report Author: Butz, J. Year: 1979 An investigation of the geothermal reservoir in the Roosevelt Hot Springs Known Geothermal Resource Area in Utah was carried out. The objective of this effort was to develop predictions for well production capacities, based on data taken during field tests and through use of a computer model. In turn, the production information could then be used in design optimization and economic analyses for development of the resource under study. Flow tests of a geothermal well, Utah State 14-2, were conducted. Data consisting of pressure and temperature logs as a function of depth were obtained. Maximum recorded temperature was 503/sup 0/F (262/sup 0/C) and maximum pressure, 954 psia (6.58MPa) as measured under flow conditions. Tests were run at rates up to 580,000 lb/hr (73.3 kg/sec) total flow. The information gathered during the testing was reduced and compared to results of a predictive computer model. Reservoir conditions in the Roosevelt Hot Springs KGRA are such that two-phase flow exists in the wellbore and, in some cases, also in the reservoir itself. The computer model employed in the analysis reflects current efforts to improve the state-of-the-art in the prediction of two-phase pressure drops in vertical systems. Predictions at flowrates of up to 300,000 lb/hr (38 kg/sec) matched quite well with test data, while modeling at higher flowrates (to maximum tested) showed progressively greater deviation from test data. Cause of the observed degradation is postulated to be the movement of the flash horizon into the reservoir, due to drawdown at high flowrates; DOE/ET/28389-1 Title: Subsurface investigations at the Roosevelt KGRA, Utah. Final report Author: Butz, J. Year: 1979 An investigation of the geothermal reservoir in the Roosevelt Hot Springs Known Geothermal Resource Area in Utah was carried out. The objective of this effort was to develop predictions for well production capacities, based on data taken during field tests and through use of a computer model. In turn, the production information could then be used in design optimization and economic analyses for development of the resource under study. Flow tests of a geothermal well, Utah State 14-2, were conducted. Data consisting of pressure and temperature logs as a function of depth were obtained. Maximum recorded temperature was 503/sup 0/F (262/sup 0/C) and maximum pressure, 954 psia (6.58MPa) as measured under flow conditions. Tests were run at rates up to 580,000 lb/hr (73.3 kg/sec) total flow. The information gathered during the testing was reduced and compared to results of a predictive computer model. Reservoir conditions in the Roosevelt Hot Springs KGRA are such that two-phase flow exists in the wellbore and, in some cases, also in the reservoir itself. The computer model employed in the analysis reflects current efforts to improve the state-of-the-art in the prediction of two-phase pressure drops in vertical systems. Predictions at flowrates of up to 300,000 lb/hr (38 kg/sec) matched quite well with test data, while modeling at higher flowrates (to maximum tested) showed progressively greater deviation from test data. Cause of the observed degradation is postulated to be the movement of the flash horizon into the reservoir, due to drawdown at high flowrates; DOE/ET/28389-1 Close

• 68. [Image] Advanced Design and Economic Considerations for Commercial Geothermal Power Plants at Heber and Niland, California. Final Report

  	Two separate studies, involving advanced design and economic considerations for commercial geothermal power plants using liquid-dominated hydrothermal resources, are presented. In the first study, the ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Advanced Design and Economic Considerations for Commercial Geothermal Power Plants at Heber and Niland, California. Final Report Author: Bechtel Corporation Year: 1977 Two separate studies, involving advanced design and economic considerations for commercial geothermal power plants using liquid-dominated hydrothermal resources, are presented. In the first study, the effects on design, capital cost, and bus bar electric energy production cost caused by an anticipated decline in available geothermal fluid temperature over the lifetime of power plants are described. A two-stage, flashed-steam energy conversion process was used for the conceptual design of the power plants, which operate from the moderate-temperature, low-salinity reservoir at Heber, California. Plants with net capacities of 50, 100, and 200 MWe (net) were investigated. The results show that it is important to include provision for geothermal fluid temperature decline in the design of power plants to prevent loss of electric energy production capability and to reduce bus bar electric energy costs. In the second study, the technical, economic, and environmental effects of adding regeneration to a 50 MWe (net) power plant employing the multistage-flash/binary process are described. Regeneration is potentially attractive because it recovers waste heat from the turbine exhaust and uses it in the power cycle. However, the pressure drop caused by the introduction of the regenerator decreases the turbine expansion and thus decreases system performance. An innovative approach was taken in the design of the regenerator, which minimized the expected performance degradation of the turbine. The result was that the performance, capital cost, and bus bar electric energy production cost are nearly the same for the processes with and without regeneration. On the other hand, the addition of regeneration has the environmental benefits of substantially reducing heat rejection to the atmosphere and cooling tower makeup and blowdown water requirements. It also increases the temperature of the brine returned to the field for reinjection Title: Advanced Design and Economic Considerations for Commercial Geothermal Power Plants at Heber and Niland, California. Final Report Author: Bechtel Corporation Year: 1977 Two separate studies, involving advanced design and economic considerations for commercial geothermal power plants using liquid-dominated hydrothermal resources, are presented. In the first study, the effects on design, capital cost, and bus bar electric energy production cost caused by an anticipated decline in available geothermal fluid temperature over the lifetime of power plants are described. A two-stage, flashed-steam energy conversion process was used for the conceptual design of the power plants, which operate from the moderate-temperature, low-salinity reservoir at Heber, California. Plants with net capacities of 50, 100, and 200 MWe (net) were investigated. The results show that it is important to include provision for geothermal fluid temperature decline in the design of power plants to prevent loss of electric energy production capability and to reduce bus bar electric energy costs. In the second study, the technical, economic, and environmental effects of adding regeneration to a 50 MWe (net) power plant employing the multistage-flash/binary process are described. Regeneration is potentially attractive because it recovers waste heat from the turbine exhaust and uses it in the power cycle. However, the pressure drop caused by the introduction of the regenerator decreases the turbine expansion and thus decreases system performance. An innovative approach was taken in the design of the regenerator, which minimized the expected performance degradation of the turbine. The result was that the performance, capital cost, and bus bar electric energy production cost are nearly the same for the processes with and without regeneration. On the other hand, the addition of regeneration has the environmental benefits of substantially reducing heat rejection to the atmosphere and cooling tower makeup and blowdown water requirements. It also increases the temperature of the brine returned to the field for reinjection Close

• 69. [Image] DHE (Downhole Heat Exchangers)

  	The use of downhole heat exchangers (DHE) for residential or commercial space and domestic water heating and other applications has several desirable features. Systems are nearly or completely passive ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: DHE (Downhole Heat Exchangers) Author: Culver, G. Year: 1990 The use of downhole heat exchangers (DHE) for residential or commercial space and domestic water heating and other applications has several desirable features. Systems are nearly or completely passive -- that is, no or very little geothermal water or steam is produced from the well either reducing or completely eliminating surface environmental concerns and the need for disposal systems or injection wells. Initial cost of pumps and installation are eliminated or reduced along with pumping power costs and maintenance costs associated with pumping often corrosive geothermal fluids. Many residential and small commercial systems do not require circulating pumps because the density difference in the incoming and outgoing sides of the loop are sufficient to overcome circulating friction losses in the entire system. The major disadvantage of DHEs is their dependence on natural heat flow. In areas where geological conditions provide high permeability and a natural hydraulic gradient, DHEs can provide a substantial quantity of heat. A single 500-ft (152 m) well in Klamath Falls, Oregon, supplies over one megawatt thermal and output is apparently limited by the surface area of pipe that can be installed in the well bore. In contrast, DHEs used in conjunction with heat pumps may supply less than 8 KW from a well of similar depth. Here output is limited by conductive heat flow with perhaps a small contribution from convection near the well bore. The highest capacity DHE reported to date, in Turkey, supplies 6 MW thermal from an 820-ft (250 m) well. There were two main goals for this project. The first was to gather, disseminate and exchange internationally information on DHEs. The second was to perform experiments that would provide insight into well bore/aquifer interaction and thereby provide more information on which to base DHE designs. 27 refs., 31 figs., 3 tabs. Title: DHE (Downhole Heat Exchangers) Author: Culver, G. Year: 1990 The use of downhole heat exchangers (DHE) for residential or commercial space and domestic water heating and other applications has several desirable features. Systems are nearly or completely passive -- that is, no or very little geothermal water or steam is produced from the well either reducing or completely eliminating surface environmental concerns and the need for disposal systems or injection wells. Initial cost of pumps and installation are eliminated or reduced along with pumping power costs and maintenance costs associated with pumping often corrosive geothermal fluids. Many residential and small commercial systems do not require circulating pumps because the density difference in the incoming and outgoing sides of the loop are sufficient to overcome circulating friction losses in the entire system. The major disadvantage of DHEs is their dependence on natural heat flow. In areas where geological conditions provide high permeability and a natural hydraulic gradient, DHEs can provide a substantial quantity of heat. A single 500-ft (152 m) well in Klamath Falls, Oregon, supplies over one megawatt thermal and output is apparently limited by the surface area of pipe that can be installed in the well bore. In contrast, DHEs used in conjunction with heat pumps may supply less than 8 KW from a well of similar depth. Here output is limited by conductive heat flow with perhaps a small contribution from convection near the well bore. The highest capacity DHE reported to date, in Turkey, supplies 6 MW thermal from an 820-ft (250 m) well. There were two main goals for this project. The first was to gather, disseminate and exchange internationally information on DHEs. The second was to perform experiments that would provide insight into well bore/aquifer interaction and thereby provide more information on which to base DHE designs. 27 refs., 31 figs., 3 tabs. Close

• 70. [Image] Trout studies and a stream survey of Crater Lake National Park, Oregon

  	Ill., map; Typescript; Map of Crater Lake National Park and vicinity, issued by the U.S. Geological Survey, edition of 1946; Thesis (M.S.)--Oregon State College, 1948; Includes bibliographical references ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Trout studies and a stream survey of Crater Lake National Park, Oregon Author: Wallis, O. L. Year: 1948, 2008 Ill., map; Typescript; Map of Crater Lake National Park and vicinity, issued by the U.S. Geological Survey, edition of 1946; Thesis (M.S.)--Oregon State College, 1948; Includes bibliographical references (leaves 118-120) Title: Trout studies and a stream survey of Crater Lake National Park, Oregon Author: Wallis, O. L. Year: 1948, 2008 Ill., map; Typescript; Map of Crater Lake National Park and vicinity, issued by the U.S. Geological Survey, edition of 1946; Thesis (M.S.)--Oregon State College, 1948; Includes bibliographical references (leaves 118-120) Close

• 71. [Image] Crater Lake market assessment

  	ill., maps; "Final report"--Cover; "January 1992."
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Crater Lake market assessment Author: University of Oregon; Department of Planning, Public Policy, and Management; Community Planning Workshop Year: 1922, 2010 ill., maps; "Final report"--Cover; "January 1992." Title: Crater Lake market assessment Author: University of Oregon; Department of Planning, Public Policy, and Management; Community Planning Workshop Year: 1922, 2010 ill., maps; "Final report"--Cover; "January 1992." Close

• 72. [Image] Soil survey of Klamath County, Oregon, southern part

  	Foreword The Soil Survey of Klamath County, Oregon, Southern Part, is the product of many soil scientists, plant specialists, soil engineers, extension specialists, land owners, and others who worked ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Soil survey of Klamath County, Oregon, southern part Author: Cahoon, Joe Year: 1985, 2006, 2005 Foreword The Soil Survey of Klamath County, Oregon, Southern Part, is the product of many soil scientists, plant specialists, soil engineers, extension specialists, land owners, and others who worked and cooperated as a team to complete this project. In this report are many kinds of basic information about the soils in the area. This information can be helpful in making decisions about the management of irrigated soils for optimum crop production, in planning land uses for urban and suburban areas, and in determining the needs for many other uses, for example, forestry, range, wildlife, and recreation. This soil survey has been prepared for many different users. Farmers can use it to help select the most suitable crop for the kind of soil; ranchers can use it to determine amount of forage production and the kinds of plants most suited to range or woodland; foresters can use the survey to find information about kinds of trees, potential for tree growth, and special soil features. Title: Soil survey of Klamath County, Oregon, southern part Author: Cahoon, Joe Year: 1985, 2006, 2005 Foreword The Soil Survey of Klamath County, Oregon, Southern Part, is the product of many soil scientists, plant specialists, soil engineers, extension specialists, land owners, and others who worked and cooperated as a team to complete this project. In this report are many kinds of basic information about the soils in the area. This information can be helpful in making decisions about the management of irrigated soils for optimum crop production, in planning land uses for urban and suburban areas, and in determining the needs for many other uses, for example, forestry, range, wildlife, and recreation. This soil survey has been prepared for many different users. Farmers can use it to help select the most suitable crop for the kind of soil; ranchers can use it to determine amount of forage production and the kinds of plants most suited to range or woodland; foresters can use the survey to find information about kinds of trees, potential for tree growth, and special soil features. Close

• 73. [Image] Freshwater supply : states' views of how federal agencies could help them meet the challenges of expected shortages : report to Congressional Requesters

  	"July 2003."; "GAO-03-514."
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Freshwater supply : states' views of how federal agencies could help them meet the challenges of expected shortages : report to Congressional Requesters Author: United States. General Accounting Office Year: 2003, 2005 "July 2003."; "GAO-03-514." Title: Freshwater supply : states' views of how federal agencies could help them meet the challenges of expected shortages : report to Congressional Requesters Author: United States. General Accounting Office Year: 2003, 2005 "July 2003."; "GAO-03-514." Close

• 74. [Image] A geologic and hydrologic reconnaissance of Lava Beds National Monument and vicinity, California

  	A GEOLOGIC AND HYDROLOGIC RECONNAISSANCE OF LAVA BEDS NATIONAL MONUMENT AND VICINITY, CALIFORNIA By William R. Hotchkiss ABSTRACT Lava Beds National Monument is on the Modoc Plateau in Modoc and ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: A geologic and hydrologic reconnaissance of Lava Beds National Monument and vicinity, California Author: Hotchkiss, W. R Year: 1968, 2008, 2005 A GEOLOGIC AND HYDROLOGIC RECONNAISSANCE OF LAVA BEDS NATIONAL MONUMENT AND VICINITY, CALIFORNIA By William R. Hotchkiss ABSTRACT Lava Beds National Monument is on the Modoc Plateau in Modoc and Siskiyou Counties. The principal geologic units in the vicinity are volcanic rocks,, which in places are highly permeable, and poorly permeable lake sedimentary deposits, all probably post-Oligocene in age. Yields and specific capacities of wells in the unconfined water body within volcanic rocks and lake deposits range widely, but in general are low in the lake deposits and higher in the volcanic rocks. A confined water body, occurring in volcanic rocks underlying the lake deposits yields large quantities of water to three wells in the study area. Dissolved-solids content of ground water generally increases in proportion to the thickness of lake deposits penetrated and to proximity of the lake deposits. Water from wells drilled in the volcanic rocks several miles from the lake deposits, and from wells penetrating the confined water body in volcanic rocks underlying the lake deposits contains small to moderate quantities of dissolved solids. Ground-water supplies can be developed almost anywhere in the study area by drilling wells to depths below the water table. In addition, there is a reasonable possibility of developing wells in a confined water body underlying the water-table system- Title: A geologic and hydrologic reconnaissance of Lava Beds National Monument and vicinity, California Author: Hotchkiss, W. R Year: 1968, 2008, 2005 A GEOLOGIC AND HYDROLOGIC RECONNAISSANCE OF LAVA BEDS NATIONAL MONUMENT AND VICINITY, CALIFORNIA By William R. Hotchkiss ABSTRACT Lava Beds National Monument is on the Modoc Plateau in Modoc and Siskiyou Counties. The principal geologic units in the vicinity are volcanic rocks,, which in places are highly permeable, and poorly permeable lake sedimentary deposits, all probably post-Oligocene in age. Yields and specific capacities of wells in the unconfined water body within volcanic rocks and lake deposits range widely, but in general are low in the lake deposits and higher in the volcanic rocks. A confined water body, occurring in volcanic rocks underlying the lake deposits yields large quantities of water to three wells in the study area. Dissolved-solids content of ground water generally increases in proportion to the thickness of lake deposits penetrated and to proximity of the lake deposits. Water from wells drilled in the volcanic rocks several miles from the lake deposits, and from wells penetrating the confined water body in volcanic rocks underlying the lake deposits contains small to moderate quantities of dissolved solids. Ground-water supplies can be developed almost anywhere in the study area by drilling wells to depths below the water table. In addition, there is a reasonable possibility of developing wells in a confined water body underlying the water-table system- Close

• 75. [Image] Annual project history: Klamath Project, Oregon-California, 1957

  	INTRODUCTION AND GENERAL General Description of the Project Location. The Klamath Project is in the Upper Klamath River Basin, east of the Cascade Range. It is located in Klamath County, Oregon, and ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Annual project history: Klamath Project, Oregon-California, 1957 Author: United States. Bureau of Reclamation Year: 1957, 2008, 2006 INTRODUCTION AND GENERAL General Description of the Project Location. The Klamath Project is in the Upper Klamath River Basin, east of the Cascade Range. It is located in Klamath County, Oregon, and in Modoc and Siskiyou Counties of California. Project headquarters is located at the principal city of Klamath Falls, Oregon, which has a population of about 35>700, including suburbs. Smaller towns on the project in Oregon are Merrill, Malin, and Bonanza. The town of Tulelake, California, was established in 1931 near the center of the Tule Lake Division. Climate. The mean temperature for the wannest month is 630 F. The coldest month has mean temperature of 29? F. Summer nights are cool. The annual rainfall is about 13 inches, of which about 3?-inches fall during the growing season of 90 to 130 days. Topography, soils, and crops. The project area is about ^-,100 feet elevation above sea level. The surface topography is generally smooth and flat for the large areas of lake bottom, and gently sloping on the higher lands. Peat and muck soils are common in the recent lake bottoms. Soils vary from sandy loam to clay on other parts of the project. The principal crops grown are alfalfa, malting and feed barley, potatoes, clover seed, and irrigated pasture and other forage. Stock raising is an important enterprise. Industry and transportation. Farming and lumbering each provide the major portion of the economy of the Basin. Three major railroad lines, one major highway and many secondary highways, and two airlines serve the project area. Plan and purpose. The project serves 211,000 acres. The water supply is provided by two main water courses, Klamath River and Lost River and their tributaries. Besides storing, diverting, and distributing water for irrigation, project facilities have reclaimed by drainage large areas formerly inundated by Lower Klamath and Tule Lakes* Flood waters of Lost River, which terminates in Tule Lake, are diverted to the Klamath River through the Lost River Diversion Channel. This channel is also used to carry irrigation water in the opposite direction in the summertime. Another principal function of the project is water-level control for the Tule Lake and Lower Klamath Lake National Wildlife Refuges. Upper Klamath Lake on the Klamath River is the principal storage reservoir, having an active capacity of 52U,800 acre-feet. It is controlled by Link River Dam constructed, maintained, and operated INTRODUCTION AND GENERAL (Continued) General Description of the Project (Cont.) by The California Oregon Power Company under an agreement with the project whereby irrigation requirements and rights are protected. The Main, Lower Klamath, and Tule Lake Divisions are served from this source, Gerber Reservoir on Miller Creek and Clear Lake Reservoir on Lost River provide flood control for the Tule Lake Division and an irrigation supply for the Langell Valley Division. Their active storage capacities are 9*^300 acre-feet and 513*300 acre-feet, respectively. Federally-financed project works also include the diversion, distribution, and drainage systems for the Main and Tule Lake Divisions; the diversion dam and main canals for the Langell Valley Division; and drainage outlets for the Lower Klamath and Tule Lake Divisions. Title: Annual project history: Klamath Project, Oregon-California, 1957 Author: United States. Bureau of Reclamation Year: 1957, 2008, 2006 INTRODUCTION AND GENERAL General Description of the Project Location. The Klamath Project is in the Upper Klamath River Basin, east of the Cascade Range. It is located in Klamath County, Oregon, and in Modoc and Siskiyou Counties of California. Project headquarters is located at the principal city of Klamath Falls, Oregon, which has a population of about 35>700, including suburbs. Smaller towns on the project in Oregon are Merrill, Malin, and Bonanza. The town of Tulelake, California, was established in 1931 near the center of the Tule Lake Division. Climate. The mean temperature for the wannest month is 630 F. The coldest month has mean temperature of 29? F. Summer nights are cool. The annual rainfall is about 13 inches, of which about 3?-inches fall during the growing season of 90 to 130 days. Topography, soils, and crops. The project area is about ^-,100 feet elevation above sea level. The surface topography is generally smooth and flat for the large areas of lake bottom, and gently sloping on the higher lands. Peat and muck soils are common in the recent lake bottoms. Soils vary from sandy loam to clay on other parts of the project. The principal crops grown are alfalfa, malting and feed barley, potatoes, clover seed, and irrigated pasture and other forage. Stock raising is an important enterprise. Industry and transportation. Farming and lumbering each provide the major portion of the economy of the Basin. Three major railroad lines, one major highway and many secondary highways, and two airlines serve the project area. Plan and purpose. The project serves 211,000 acres. The water supply is provided by two main water courses, Klamath River and Lost River and their tributaries. Besides storing, diverting, and distributing water for irrigation, project facilities have reclaimed by drainage large areas formerly inundated by Lower Klamath and Tule Lakes* Flood waters of Lost River, which terminates in Tule Lake, are diverted to the Klamath River through the Lost River Diversion Channel. This channel is also used to carry irrigation water in the opposite direction in the summertime. Another principal function of the project is water-level control for the Tule Lake and Lower Klamath Lake National Wildlife Refuges. Upper Klamath Lake on the Klamath River is the principal storage reservoir, having an active capacity of 52U,800 acre-feet. It is controlled by Link River Dam constructed, maintained, and operated INTRODUCTION AND GENERAL (Continued) General Description of the Project (Cont.) by The California Oregon Power Company under an agreement with the project whereby irrigation requirements and rights are protected. The Main, Lower Klamath, and Tule Lake Divisions are served from this source, Gerber Reservoir on Miller Creek and Clear Lake Reservoir on Lost River provide flood control for the Tule Lake Division and an irrigation supply for the Langell Valley Division. Their active storage capacities are 9*^300 acre-feet and 513*300 acre-feet, respectively. Federally-financed project works also include the diversion, distribution, and drainage systems for the Main and Tule Lake Divisions; the diversion dam and main canals for the Langell Valley Division; and drainage outlets for the Lower Klamath and Tule Lake Divisions. Close

• 76. [Image] Klamath District and Klamath Project annual history, 1948

  	Ill., maps (some color), photographs; Includes organization of Klamath District with official correspondence and description of the Klamath project, an organization chart, fiscal year financials, photographs, ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Klamath District and Klamath Project annual history, 1948 Author: United States. Bureau of Reclamation Year: 1948, 2008, 2006 Ill., maps (some color), photographs; Includes organization of Klamath District with official correspondence and description of the Klamath project, an organization chart, fiscal year financials, photographs, maps, charts and tables of crop and livestock yields and water storage and distribution, etc.; Includes index; Title covers: calendar years for 1946-1948; Description is based on: Klamath District and Klamath Project Annual History for 1946; Dates of the beginning year(s) of publication are derived from the May 1, 1903 to December 31, 1912, History of the Klamath Project and from the volume information on later volumes (v. 35) Klamath District and Klamath Project Annual history for 1945, dated December 1, 1946 Title: Klamath District and Klamath Project annual history, 1948 Author: United States. Bureau of Reclamation Year: 1948, 2008, 2006 Ill., maps (some color), photographs; Includes organization of Klamath District with official correspondence and description of the Klamath project, an organization chart, fiscal year financials, photographs, maps, charts and tables of crop and livestock yields and water storage and distribution, etc.; Includes index; Title covers: calendar years for 1946-1948; Description is based on: Klamath District and Klamath Project Annual History for 1946; Dates of the beginning year(s) of publication are derived from the May 1, 1903 to December 31, 1912, History of the Klamath Project and from the volume information on later volumes (v. 35) Klamath District and Klamath Project Annual history for 1945, dated December 1, 1946 Close

• 77. [Image] Klamath Project annual history, 1949

  	Ill., maps (some color), photographs; Includes fiscal year financials, photographs, maps, crop and livestock yields, irrigation and drainage and irrigation pumping plant operations, WPA camp maintenance, ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Klamath Project annual history, 1949 Author: United States. Bureau of Reclamation Year: 1949, 2008 Ill., maps (some color), photographs; Includes fiscal year financials, photographs, maps, crop and livestock yields, irrigation and drainage and irrigation pumping plant operations, WPA camp maintenance, etc.; Title covers: calendar years for 1949 - 1952; Description is based on: Klamath Project annual history for 1949; Dates of the beginning year(s) of publication are derived from May 1, 1903 to December 31, 1912, History of the Klamath Project and from the volume information on later volumes (v. 35) Klamath District and Klamath Project Annual history for 1945, dated December 1, 1946 Title: Klamath Project annual history, 1949 Author: United States. Bureau of Reclamation Year: 1949, 2008 Ill., maps (some color), photographs; Includes fiscal year financials, photographs, maps, crop and livestock yields, irrigation and drainage and irrigation pumping plant operations, WPA camp maintenance, etc.; Title covers: calendar years for 1949 - 1952; Description is based on: Klamath Project annual history for 1949; Dates of the beginning year(s) of publication are derived from May 1, 1903 to December 31, 1912, History of the Klamath Project and from the volume information on later volumes (v. 35) Klamath District and Klamath Project Annual history for 1945, dated December 1, 1946 Close

• 78. [Image] Snow survey and water supply forecast assessment : Klamath Intergovernmental Workgroup, November 3, 2004, Portland, Oregon

  	This document is a Microsoft PowerPoint presentation transferred into a .pdf file format and placed onto the Natural Resources Conservation Service web site
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Snow survey and water supply forecast assessment : Klamath Intergovernmental Workgroup, November 3, 2004, Portland, Oregon Author: Pasteris, Phillip Year: 2004, 2005 This document is a Microsoft PowerPoint presentation transferred into a .pdf file format and placed onto the Natural Resources Conservation Service web site Title: Snow survey and water supply forecast assessment : Klamath Intergovernmental Workgroup, November 3, 2004, Portland, Oregon Author: Pasteris, Phillip Year: 2004, 2005 This document is a Microsoft PowerPoint presentation transferred into a .pdf file format and placed onto the Natural Resources Conservation Service web site Close

• 79. [Image] Sediment oxygen demand in Upper Klamath and Agency Lakes, Oregon, 1999

  	SIGNIFICANT FINDINGS The distribution of SOD2q values (measured sediment oxygen demand values corrected to 20°C [degrees Celsius]) had a median value of 1.6 g/m2/day (grams per square meter per day) in ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Sediment oxygen demand in Upper Klamath and Agency Lakes, Oregon, 1999 Author: Wood, Tamara M. Year: 2001, 2005, 2004 SIGNIFICANT FINDINGS The distribution of SOD2q values (measured sediment oxygen demand values corrected to 20°C [degrees Celsius]) had a median value of 1.6 g/m2/day (grams per square meter per day) in the spring and 1.7 g/m2/day in the late summer. These values were well within the range of values in the literature for sites with similar sediment characteristics: primarily silty with at least a moderate amount of organic content. Over most of the lake there appears to be relatively little variation in SOD 14the interquartile range in values was 0.4 g/m2/day in the spring and 0.7 g/m2/day in the late summer. A significant exception was apparent in Ball Bay, where SOD in the late summer was greater than 10.2 g/m2/day. In the absence of primary production, an SOD of this magnitude could deplete the water column of oxygen in a few days. This measurement provided evidence that localized areas of very high SOD occur episodically in the bays, perhaps associated with large algal mats being trapped by the lake circulation patterns. A statistical test for a spring to late summer difference in the median values of SOD confirmed that SOD in the late summer (median value 1.7 g/m2/day) was significantly higher than in the spring (median value 1.2 g/m2/day). The difference was primarily due to seasonal changes in temperature; when SOD values were corrected to 20°C, there was no seasonal difference in the median values. There was no correlation between SOD20 and the sediment characteristics measured in this study: percent fines, organic carbon, and residue lost on ignition. Title: Sediment oxygen demand in Upper Klamath and Agency Lakes, Oregon, 1999 Author: Wood, Tamara M. Year: 2001, 2005, 2004 SIGNIFICANT FINDINGS The distribution of SOD2q values (measured sediment oxygen demand values corrected to 20°C [degrees Celsius]) had a median value of 1.6 g/m2/day (grams per square meter per day) in the spring and 1.7 g/m2/day in the late summer. These values were well within the range of values in the literature for sites with similar sediment characteristics: primarily silty with at least a moderate amount of organic content. Over most of the lake there appears to be relatively little variation in SOD 14the interquartile range in values was 0.4 g/m2/day in the spring and 0.7 g/m2/day in the late summer. A significant exception was apparent in Ball Bay, where SOD in the late summer was greater than 10.2 g/m2/day. In the absence of primary production, an SOD of this magnitude could deplete the water column of oxygen in a few days. This measurement provided evidence that localized areas of very high SOD occur episodically in the bays, perhaps associated with large algal mats being trapped by the lake circulation patterns. A statistical test for a spring to late summer difference in the median values of SOD confirmed that SOD in the late summer (median value 1.7 g/m2/day) was significantly higher than in the spring (median value 1.2 g/m2/day). The difference was primarily due to seasonal changes in temperature; when SOD values were corrected to 20°C, there was no seasonal difference in the median values. There was no correlation between SOD20 and the sediment characteristics measured in this study: percent fines, organic carbon, and residue lost on ignition. Close

• 80. [Image] Forestry program for Oregon

  	This document sets forth the Board of Forestry's strategic vision for Oregon's forests for the next eight years
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Forestry program for Oregon Author: Oregon State Board of Forestry Year: 2003, 2005 This document sets forth the Board of Forestry's strategic vision for Oregon's forests for the next eight years Title: Forestry program for Oregon Author: Oregon State Board of Forestry Year: 2003, 2005 This document sets forth the Board of Forestry's strategic vision for Oregon's forests for the next eight years Close

• 81. [Image] An Act to Authorize the Bureau of Reclamation to Conduct Certain Feasibility Studies to Augment Water Supplies for the Klamath Project, Oregon and California, and for Other Purposes

  	"Nov. 9, 2000, (S. 2882)."; "114 Stat. 2221."; "Public Law 106-498."
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: An Act to Authorize the Bureau of Reclamation to Conduct Certain Feasibility Studies to Augment Water Supplies for the Klamath Project, Oregon and California, and for Other Purposes Author: United States Year: 2000, 2005 "Nov. 9, 2000, (S. 2882)."; "114 Stat. 2221."; "Public Law 106-498." Title: An Act to Authorize the Bureau of Reclamation to Conduct Certain Feasibility Studies to Augment Water Supplies for the Klamath Project, Oregon and California, and for Other Purposes Author: United States Year: 2000, 2005 "Nov. 9, 2000, (S. 2882)."; "114 Stat. 2221."; "Public Law 106-498." Close

• 82. [Image] Annual project history: Klamath Project, Oregon-California, 1958

  	INTRODUCTION AND GENERAL Genex*al Description of the Project Location. The Klamath Project is in the Upper Klamath River Basin, east of the Cascade Range. It is located in Klamath Comity, Oregon, ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Annual project history: Klamath Project, Oregon-California, 1958 Author: United States. Bureau of Reclamation Year: 1958, 2008, 2006 INTRODUCTION AND GENERAL Genex*al Description of the Project Location. The Klamath Project is in the Upper Klamath River Basin, east of the Cascade Range. It is located in Klamath Comity, Oregon, and in Modoc and Siskiyou Counties of California. Project headquarters is located at the principal city of Klamath Falls, Oregon, which has a population of about 3&>^00, including suburbs. Smaller towns on the project in Oregon are Merrill, Malin, and Bonanza. The town of Tulelake, California, was established in 1931 near the center of the Tule Lake Division. Climate ? The mean temperature for the warmest month is 630 F. The coldest month has raez.n temperature of 29? F. Summer nights are cool. The annual rainfall is about 13 inches, of which about 3^ inches fall during the growing season of 90 to 130 days. Topography, soils, and crops. The project area is about U,100 feet elevation above sea level. The surface topography is generally smooth and flat for the large areas of lake bottom, and gently sloping on the higher lands? Peat and muck soils are common in the recent lake bottoms. Soils vary from sandy loam to clay on other parts of the project. The principal crops grown are alfalfa, malting and feed barley, potatoes, clover seed, and irrigated pasture and other forage. Stock raising is an important enterprise. Industry and transportation. Farming and lumbering each provide the major portion of the economy of the Basin. Three major railroad lines, one major highway and many secondary highways, and two airlines serve the project area. Plan and purpose. In 1958 the project provided irrigation service to 21^,500 acres. The water supply is provided by two main water courses, Klamath River and Lost River and their tributaries. Besides storing, diverting, and distributing water for irrigation, project facilities have reclaimed by drainage large areas formerly inundated by Lower Klamath and Tule Lakes. Flood waters of Lost River, which terminates In Tule Lake, are diverted to the Klamath River through the Lost River Diversion Channel. This channel is also used to carry irrigation water in the opposite direction in the summertime. Another principal function of the project is water-level control for the Tule Lake and Lower Klamath Lake National Wildlife Refuges. DTERODUCTIOH AND GBNKRAL (Continued) General Description of the Project (Cont.) Upper Klamath Lake on the Klamath River is the principal storage reservoir, having an active capacity of 52^,800 acre-feet. It is controlled by Link River Dam constructed, maintained, and operated by The California Oregon Power Company under an agreement with the project whereby irrigation requirements and rights are protected. The Main, Lower Klamath, and Tule Lake Divisions are served from this source. Gerber Reservoir on Miller Creel; and Clear Lake Reservoir on Lost River provide flood control for the Tule Lake Division and an irrigation supply for the Langell Valley Division. Their active storage capacities are 9*b3OO acre-feet and 513*300 acre-feet, respectively. Federally-financed project works also include the diversion, distribution, and drainage systems for the Main and Tule Lake Divisions; the diversion darn and main canals for the Langell Valley Division; and drainage outlets for the Lower Klamath and Tule Lake Divisions? Title: Annual project history: Klamath Project, Oregon-California, 1958 Author: United States. Bureau of Reclamation Year: 1958, 2008, 2006 INTRODUCTION AND GENERAL Genex*al Description of the Project Location. The Klamath Project is in the Upper Klamath River Basin, east of the Cascade Range. It is located in Klamath Comity, Oregon, and in Modoc and Siskiyou Counties of California. Project headquarters is located at the principal city of Klamath Falls, Oregon, which has a population of about 3&>^00, including suburbs. Smaller towns on the project in Oregon are Merrill, Malin, and Bonanza. The town of Tulelake, California, was established in 1931 near the center of the Tule Lake Division. Climate ? The mean temperature for the warmest month is 630 F. The coldest month has raez.n temperature of 29? F. Summer nights are cool. The annual rainfall is about 13 inches, of which about 3^ inches fall during the growing season of 90 to 130 days. Topography, soils, and crops. The project area is about U,100 feet elevation above sea level. The surface topography is generally smooth and flat for the large areas of lake bottom, and gently sloping on the higher lands? Peat and muck soils are common in the recent lake bottoms. Soils vary from sandy loam to clay on other parts of the project. The principal crops grown are alfalfa, malting and feed barley, potatoes, clover seed, and irrigated pasture and other forage. Stock raising is an important enterprise. Industry and transportation. Farming and lumbering each provide the major portion of the economy of the Basin. Three major railroad lines, one major highway and many secondary highways, and two airlines serve the project area. Plan and purpose. In 1958 the project provided irrigation service to 21^,500 acres. The water supply is provided by two main water courses, Klamath River and Lost River and their tributaries. Besides storing, diverting, and distributing water for irrigation, project facilities have reclaimed by drainage large areas formerly inundated by Lower Klamath and Tule Lakes. Flood waters of Lost River, which terminates In Tule Lake, are diverted to the Klamath River through the Lost River Diversion Channel. This channel is also used to carry irrigation water in the opposite direction in the summertime. Another principal function of the project is water-level control for the Tule Lake and Lower Klamath Lake National Wildlife Refuges. DTERODUCTIOH AND GBNKRAL (Continued) General Description of the Project (Cont.) Upper Klamath Lake on the Klamath River is the principal storage reservoir, having an active capacity of 52^,800 acre-feet. It is controlled by Link River Dam constructed, maintained, and operated by The California Oregon Power Company under an agreement with the project whereby irrigation requirements and rights are protected. The Main, Lower Klamath, and Tule Lake Divisions are served from this source. Gerber Reservoir on Miller Creel; and Clear Lake Reservoir on Lost River provide flood control for the Tule Lake Division and an irrigation supply for the Langell Valley Division. Their active storage capacities are 9*b3OO acre-feet and 513*300 acre-feet, respectively. Federally-financed project works also include the diversion, distribution, and drainage systems for the Main and Tule Lake Divisions; the diversion darn and main canals for the Langell Valley Division; and drainage outlets for the Lower Klamath and Tule Lake Divisions? Close

• 83. [Image] Irrigation system maintenance, groundwater quality, and improved production

  	"April 2004"; Includes bibliographical references (p. 3).
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Irrigation system maintenance, groundwater quality, and improved production Author: Selker, John S. Year: 2004, 2005 "April 2004"; Includes bibliographical references (p. 3). Title: Irrigation system maintenance, groundwater quality, and improved production Author: Selker, John S. Year: 2004, 2005 "April 2004"; Includes bibliographical references (p. 3). Close

• 84. [Image] Klamath Federal Reclamation Project : Oregon-California

  	- 7' -, > \ UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR B U R E A U O F R E C L A M A T I O N U N I T E D S T A T E S G O V E R N M E N T P R I N T I N G O F F I C E W A S H I N G T O N : 1936 FEDERAL RECLAMATION ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Klamath Federal Reclamation Project : Oregon-California Author: United States. Bureau of Reclamation Year: 1936, 2005 - 7' -, > \ UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR B U R E A U O F R E C L A M A T I O N U N I T E D S T A T E S G O V E R N M E N T P R I N T I N G O F F I C E W A S H I N G T O N : 1936 FEDERAL RECLAMATION PROJECT OREGON - CALIFORNIA n )> >> GENERAL STATEMENT THEKla m- ath reclamation project comprises practically all of the agricultural land in the Klamath Basin, except a small area adjacent to Upper Klamath Lake, and is situated in southern Oregon and northern California. The extent of the area irrigated, or that may be irrigated by reason of Bureau of Reclamation activities, is approxi-mately 140,000 acres. This includes about 20,000 acres suitable only for pasture and approximately 12,000 acres of good land in the Tule Lake division not yet opened for settlement. Within the older developed sections of the project the soil is mostly of a sandy loam . type that is particularly suitable for growing potatoes and summer vegetables as well as all of the ordinary crops that thrive in a cool, tem-perate climate. The price of this type of land ranges from $ 100 to $ 200 per acre. The water- right cost, which origi- Klamath Falls, Oregon, the prolect office headquarters nally was about $ 55 per acre, is approximately half paid up. The balance has an average of about 25 years to run without interest. Operation and maintenance costs usually run about $ 1.25 an acre per annum. I R R I G A B L E L A N D S The Tule Lake division of the project, which will eventually comprise about 32,000 acres of agricultural land and about 5,000 acres of thin soil land good only for pasture, carries a construction charge of $ 88.35, with 40 years in A! Klamath : desert. Looking~ southwest up Lan Valley from a point 4 miles west of Lorella, Ore which to pay without interest. No payments have been required to date, but the Secretary of the Interior will soon issue public notice announcing the commencement of pay-ments, which will be approximately $ 2.20 per acre each year. In addition to the construction charge, there is an operation and maintenance charge which will probably run between $ 1.50 and $ 2 un acre a year. These lands are of lacustrian origin and are very fertile. They are particularly adapted to the growth of small grains, alfalfa, and pasture grasses. Patented land in this division sells for $ 50 to $ 100 per acre. Patented lands in private ownership, where of goc; d quality, well improved and conveniently situated, can be purchased for from $ 150 to $ 200 per acre. Good lands not so well improved nor so desirably located sell at around $ 100 per acre. There is very little undeveloped, privately owned good land on the project. Small tracts of 5, 10, or 20 acres, located along paved highways and within 6 to 8 miles of Klamath Falls, are obtainable at from $ 200 to $ 400 per acre. W A T E R S U P P L Y The Klamath project is ! ortunate in having an abundant water supply for all lands susceptible of irrigation. The map on the inside of the back cover page shows the location of the three reservoirs and their immediate proximity to the lands they serve. The irrigable project lands lie between elevations of 4,035 and 4,070 feet above sea level and occupy the Klamath Basin and the Valley of Lost River, situated in south central Oregon and north central California, about 150 miles east of the Pacific coast. The average annual pre-cipitation is 12.51 inches. SCHOOLS Klamath County schools are run on the county unit basis Public School in Klamath Falls and are fully up to standard. Busses run at county expense transport rural children to and from school, and there is no lost time on account of bad weather. Within the county there are 9,242 children of school age, 4,107 of these within the city of Klamath Falls. The high school enrollment for Klamath Falls is 1,156, and for the remainder of the county is 459. There are 9 high schools in the county that employ 62 teachers. The grade schools employ 185 teachers, of whom' 76 are in the city of Klamath Falls. : let of concrete flume, Canal C, of the main project structures R E C R E A T I O N No part of the United States affords more interesting and attractive recreational areas than are found near at hand and in all directions from the Klamath project. From 1 to 2 hours in any kind of an automobile is sufficient to land one on the banks of a cold mountain stream inhabited by many wary trout or alongside the shores of any one of a half dozen crystal lakes, where boating and bathing may be enjoyed to the full. Some of the lakes that are conven-iently located with reference to the project, and where many summer camps as well as extensive hotel and camp accommodations already exist, are Upper Klamath Lake, Lake of the Woods, Crater Lake, Diamond Lake, Crescent I., ake, Ode11 Lake, and Paulina Lake. The most distant of the lot, Paulina Lake, can be reached in 3 hours' driving from Klamath Falls. Some of the important recreational areas lying in convenient distances from the project are shown in the ilh~ strationsa ccompanying this chapter. The principal water supply is in Upper Klamath Lake, where regulation provides a possible storage of about 524,800 acre- feet, and this with the natural inflow insures the lands served from this source an adequate water supply at all times. Under the terms of the contract dated February 24, 1917, between the United States and the California- Oregon Power Co., the power company was given the right to regulate the outflow of Upper Klamath Lake, subject to existing rights and the prior rights of the Klamath project for water for irrigation. To regulate the outflow, the company, in 1921, constructed the Link River Dam at a cost of about $ 310,000. Storage for the lands on the west side of Langell Valley and a portion of the lands in the Horsefly irrigation district is provided by Clear Lake Reservoir. This reservoir, lying just across the line in California, is the source of Lost River and has a total capacity of 454,000 acre- feet, most of which was made available during 1931 by the construction of a channel from the outlet works to the deeper portion of the reservoir, a distance of about 6 miles. The reservoir is also used for flood storage for the protection of lands in the Tule Lake division. Gerber Reservoir, on Miller Creek, a tributary of Lost River, has a storage capacity of 94,000 acre- feet and fur-nishes a water supply for the lands on the east side of Lost River in the Langell Valley division. This reservoir also provides for the storage of flood water for the protection of lands in the Tule Lake division. Water from Upper Klamath Lake is diverted to the main or " A" canal from the east side of Link River, the outlet of the lake, several hundred feet below the lake and a few I I / Klamath River near Klamath Falls k River diversion dam Alfalfa field near Malin, Oreg. Two cuttings are grown, which yield 2- 4 tons per acre on the older project lands, and 3- 6 in Tule Lake section hundred feet above Link River Dam. Water for all lands in the main and pumping divisions and for a portion of the lands in the Tule Lake division are diverted through the " A" canal. Additional water for the lands in the Tule Lake division is diverted from the Klamath River, through the Lost River diversion channel ( reversing the direction of flow), and spilled into Lost River, frcm which it is diverted to the " J" canal at a point about 3 miles southeasterly from Merrill, Oreg. At this point the river level is raised about 12 feet by means of the lower Lost River diversion dam, a concrete structure of the Ambursen type, with a crest length of 204 feet. The Lost River diversion channel leads off from Lost River at a point about 10 miles southeast of Klamath Falls, Oreg., immediately above a hollow U- shaped concrete dam which raises the river level about 23 feet. Prior to the Irrigating a 65- acre field of potatoes; showing application of m irrigation season the flow of Lost River is diverted to the Klamath River and wasted; however, after the spring flood flow of Lost River has passed and water for irrigation in the Tule Lake division is required, the flow of Lost River is ~ assed through the dam and down to the " J" canal. This flow is augmented, when demand is heavy, from Klamath River as indicated ahve. Lands on the east side of Langell Valley division are served by the north canal, which diverts water from Miller Creek at the Miller Creek Dam, located about 6 miles below Gerber Dam. At this point the water surface in Miller Creek is raised by placing flashboards against wooden trestles, the grade of the canal and that of the stream being substan-tially the same elevation. The lands on the west side of Lost River in the Langell Valley division are served by the West Canal, which diverts water from Lost River at the Malone Dam, located about 42 miles southeasterly from Klamath Falls, Oreg. At this point the level of Lost River is raised about 18 feet by means of an earth diversion dam. Clear Lake Reservoir provides storage for the West Canal. TOWNS Klamath Falls, Merrill, Malin, and Bonanza are project towns, the first named being the principal city in southern, Oregon east of the Cascades. It has a population of approximately 16,000 and is the distributing center for a large territory. Klamath County has a population of 32,400, one- half residing in the city of Klamath Falls and perhaps 4,000 more in suburban districts only a few miles away. Merrill and Malin are small towns within the irrigated area with populations of six or seven hundred each. In Klamath Basin are some 1,800 farms and approximately as many farm families. LUMBERING Approximately 30 mills and box factories are in operation, this district being the largest manufacturing center of box shook in the United States. The Klamath district contains the heaviest stand of yellow pine left in the United States. Throughout the spring, summer, and fall all lumber com-panies maintain large pay rolls both in the plants and in the lumber camps. Lumber contributes greatly to the heavy traffic originating at K! amath Falls, making this city the second largest shipping point in Oregon. The majority of the mills and box factories are located in or near Klamath Falls. T R A N S P O R T A T I O N Two main- line railways, the Southern Pacific and Great Northern, enter Klamath Falls and traverse the project throughout its longest dimension. Hard- surfaced highways radiate from Klamath Falls in all directions, connecting with Portland, Sun Francisco, and Salt Lake. These high-ways supplemented by county market roads penetrate all sections of the project, with the result that few farms are more than a mile from a hard- surfaced outlet. CLIMATE The Klamath Basin has a remarkably pleasant and healthful climate. Winters are not cold, and summers are not hot. Precipitation, which amounts to about 12): inches a year on the average, falls mainly from November to April. Late and early frosts are to be expected, and occasionally light frosts occur even in the summer months. me on the Main division of the project A G R I C U L T U R E The principal crops grown are potatoes, alfalfa, small grains, and vegetables. The yield of small grains in the Tule Lake area is unusually high. Oats frequently make 100 bushels per acre; barley runs from 60 to 80; and any good wheat field will thresh out more than 40 bushels per acre. Potatoes, when conditions are right, are par excelience the big money crop. A good yield of tubers is considered to be around 150 sacks of U. S. No. 1' s per acre, and every year a few fields are reported with yields of double that amount. The price for potatoes is unstable, depending on the market demand, and ranges from about 50 cents to $ 1.50 a sack. The quality of Klamath potatoes on the Sun Francisco market is recognized as the best, and the price usually ranges from 10 to 20 cents a sack higher than is paid for Washington and Idaho production. Flock of 6,000 turkeys being fattened for market L I V E S T O C K Cattle. On account of its geographical location, sur-rounded as it is with immense areas of sagebrush plateaus and forest ranges, the Klamath project is, and probably always will be, essentially a stock country. Its cheap forage, abundant water and mild winters offer ideal con-ditions for the wintering of range stock and the fattening of mature animals for market. Favorable feeding- in- transit rates for both grass and feed lot cattle have resulted in the fattening, locally, of thousands of range and outside cattle. The beef industry alone returns approximately $ 900,000 annually. There are several killing and manu-facturing plants located in Klamath Falls. Sheep. Approxinately 150,000 ewes are maintained in the Klamafh Basin with an average annual output of about three- quarters of a million dollars. From 75,000 to 100,000~ lambs~ afraet tened for market each year on the project. Sun Francisco js the principal market. licken ranch. The production of eggs chickens is an important industry A project Holstein dairy her Dairying. The dairying industry is increasing steadily on the project. There are now about 8,000 milk cows in the district. Klamath Falls, with its large industrial popu-lation, furnishes a good market for milk, butter, and cheese. Two local cooperative cheese manufacturing plants and four privately owned creameries operate in the district. The value of the dairy industry is approximately $ 600,000 annually. Local dairy prices for butterfat are maintained at l> e to 2 cents above the State average cwing to the favored position of the project-- half- way between Portland and Sun Francisco. This district offers many opportunities for increased dairying production, as costs are compara-tively low and climatic conditions are favorable. Ewes and lambs on Tule Lake leased lands OREGON - CALIFORNIA MAP NO. 27606 Scale of Miles 1 -- 0 1 2- 3 4 6 1 Title: Klamath Federal Reclamation Project : Oregon-California Author: United States. Bureau of Reclamation Year: 1936, 2005 - 7' -, > \ UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR B U R E A U O F R E C L A M A T I O N U N I T E D S T A T E S G O V E R N M E N T P R I N T I N G O F F I C E W A S H I N G T O N : 1936 FEDERAL RECLAMATION PROJECT OREGON - CALIFORNIA n )> >> GENERAL STATEMENT THEKla m- ath reclamation project comprises practically all of the agricultural land in the Klamath Basin, except a small area adjacent to Upper Klamath Lake, and is situated in southern Oregon and northern California. The extent of the area irrigated, or that may be irrigated by reason of Bureau of Reclamation activities, is approxi-mately 140,000 acres. This includes about 20,000 acres suitable only for pasture and approximately 12,000 acres of good land in the Tule Lake division not yet opened for settlement. Within the older developed sections of the project the soil is mostly of a sandy loam . type that is particularly suitable for growing potatoes and summer vegetables as well as all of the ordinary crops that thrive in a cool, tem-perate climate. The price of this type of land ranges from $ 100 to $ 200 per acre. The water- right cost, which origi- Klamath Falls, Oregon, the prolect office headquarters nally was about $ 55 per acre, is approximately half paid up. The balance has an average of about 25 years to run without interest. Operation and maintenance costs usually run about $ 1.25 an acre per annum. I R R I G A B L E L A N D S The Tule Lake division of the project, which will eventually comprise about 32,000 acres of agricultural land and about 5,000 acres of thin soil land good only for pasture, carries a construction charge of $ 88.35, with 40 years in A! Klamath : desert. Looking~ southwest up Lan Valley from a point 4 miles west of Lorella, Ore which to pay without interest. No payments have been required to date, but the Secretary of the Interior will soon issue public notice announcing the commencement of pay-ments, which will be approximately $ 2.20 per acre each year. In addition to the construction charge, there is an operation and maintenance charge which will probably run between $ 1.50 and $ 2 un acre a year. These lands are of lacustrian origin and are very fertile. They are particularly adapted to the growth of small grains, alfalfa, and pasture grasses. Patented land in this division sells for $ 50 to $ 100 per acre. Patented lands in private ownership, where of goc; d quality, well improved and conveniently situated, can be purchased for from $ 150 to $ 200 per acre. Good lands not so well improved nor so desirably located sell at around $ 100 per acre. There is very little undeveloped, privately owned good land on the project. Small tracts of 5, 10, or 20 acres, located along paved highways and within 6 to 8 miles of Klamath Falls, are obtainable at from $ 200 to $ 400 per acre. W A T E R S U P P L Y The Klamath project is ! ortunate in having an abundant water supply for all lands susceptible of irrigation. The map on the inside of the back cover page shows the location of the three reservoirs and their immediate proximity to the lands they serve. The irrigable project lands lie between elevations of 4,035 and 4,070 feet above sea level and occupy the Klamath Basin and the Valley of Lost River, situated in south central Oregon and north central California, about 150 miles east of the Pacific coast. The average annual pre-cipitation is 12.51 inches. SCHOOLS Klamath County schools are run on the county unit basis Public School in Klamath Falls and are fully up to standard. Busses run at county expense transport rural children to and from school, and there is no lost time on account of bad weather. Within the county there are 9,242 children of school age, 4,107 of these within the city of Klamath Falls. The high school enrollment for Klamath Falls is 1,156, and for the remainder of the county is 459. There are 9 high schools in the county that employ 62 teachers. The grade schools employ 185 teachers, of whom' 76 are in the city of Klamath Falls. : let of concrete flume, Canal C, of the main project structures R E C R E A T I O N No part of the United States affords more interesting and attractive recreational areas than are found near at hand and in all directions from the Klamath project. From 1 to 2 hours in any kind of an automobile is sufficient to land one on the banks of a cold mountain stream inhabited by many wary trout or alongside the shores of any one of a half dozen crystal lakes, where boating and bathing may be enjoyed to the full. Some of the lakes that are conven-iently located with reference to the project, and where many summer camps as well as extensive hotel and camp accommodations already exist, are Upper Klamath Lake, Lake of the Woods, Crater Lake, Diamond Lake, Crescent I., ake, Ode11 Lake, and Paulina Lake. The most distant of the lot, Paulina Lake, can be reached in 3 hours' driving from Klamath Falls. Some of the important recreational areas lying in convenient distances from the project are shown in the ilh~ strationsa ccompanying this chapter. The principal water supply is in Upper Klamath Lake, where regulation provides a possible storage of about 524,800 acre- feet, and this with the natural inflow insures the lands served from this source an adequate water supply at all times. Under the terms of the contract dated February 24, 1917, between the United States and the California- Oregon Power Co., the power company was given the right to regulate the outflow of Upper Klamath Lake, subject to existing rights and the prior rights of the Klamath project for water for irrigation. To regulate the outflow, the company, in 1921, constructed the Link River Dam at a cost of about $ 310,000. Storage for the lands on the west side of Langell Valley and a portion of the lands in the Horsefly irrigation district is provided by Clear Lake Reservoir. This reservoir, lying just across the line in California, is the source of Lost River and has a total capacity of 454,000 acre- feet, most of which was made available during 1931 by the construction of a channel from the outlet works to the deeper portion of the reservoir, a distance of about 6 miles. The reservoir is also used for flood storage for the protection of lands in the Tule Lake division. Gerber Reservoir, on Miller Creek, a tributary of Lost River, has a storage capacity of 94,000 acre- feet and fur-nishes a water supply for the lands on the east side of Lost River in the Langell Valley division. This reservoir also provides for the storage of flood water for the protection of lands in the Tule Lake division. Water from Upper Klamath Lake is diverted to the main or " A" canal from the east side of Link River, the outlet of the lake, several hundred feet below the lake and a few I I / Klamath River near Klamath Falls k River diversion dam Alfalfa field near Malin, Oreg. Two cuttings are grown, which yield 2- 4 tons per acre on the older project lands, and 3- 6 in Tule Lake section hundred feet above Link River Dam. Water for all lands in the main and pumping divisions and for a portion of the lands in the Tule Lake division are diverted through the " A" canal. Additional water for the lands in the Tule Lake division is diverted from the Klamath River, through the Lost River diversion channel ( reversing the direction of flow), and spilled into Lost River, frcm which it is diverted to the " J" canal at a point about 3 miles southeasterly from Merrill, Oreg. At this point the river level is raised about 12 feet by means of the lower Lost River diversion dam, a concrete structure of the Ambursen type, with a crest length of 204 feet. The Lost River diversion channel leads off from Lost River at a point about 10 miles southeast of Klamath Falls, Oreg., immediately above a hollow U- shaped concrete dam which raises the river level about 23 feet. Prior to the Irrigating a 65- acre field of potatoes; showing application of m irrigation season the flow of Lost River is diverted to the Klamath River and wasted; however, after the spring flood flow of Lost River has passed and water for irrigation in the Tule Lake division is required, the flow of Lost River is ~ assed through the dam and down to the " J" canal. This flow is augmented, when demand is heavy, from Klamath River as indicated ahve. Lands on the east side of Langell Valley division are served by the north canal, which diverts water from Miller Creek at the Miller Creek Dam, located about 6 miles below Gerber Dam. At this point the water surface in Miller Creek is raised by placing flashboards against wooden trestles, the grade of the canal and that of the stream being substan-tially the same elevation. The lands on the west side of Lost River in the Langell Valley division are served by the West Canal, which diverts water from Lost River at the Malone Dam, located about 42 miles southeasterly from Klamath Falls, Oreg. At this point the level of Lost River is raised about 18 feet by means of an earth diversion dam. Clear Lake Reservoir provides storage for the West Canal. TOWNS Klamath Falls, Merrill, Malin, and Bonanza are project towns, the first named being the principal city in southern, Oregon east of the Cascades. It has a population of approximately 16,000 and is the distributing center for a large territory. Klamath County has a population of 32,400, one- half residing in the city of Klamath Falls and perhaps 4,000 more in suburban districts only a few miles away. Merrill and Malin are small towns within the irrigated area with populations of six or seven hundred each. In Klamath Basin are some 1,800 farms and approximately as many farm families. LUMBERING Approximately 30 mills and box factories are in operation, this district being the largest manufacturing center of box shook in the United States. The Klamath district contains the heaviest stand of yellow pine left in the United States. Throughout the spring, summer, and fall all lumber com-panies maintain large pay rolls both in the plants and in the lumber camps. Lumber contributes greatly to the heavy traffic originating at K! amath Falls, making this city the second largest shipping point in Oregon. The majority of the mills and box factories are located in or near Klamath Falls. T R A N S P O R T A T I O N Two main- line railways, the Southern Pacific and Great Northern, enter Klamath Falls and traverse the project throughout its longest dimension. Hard- surfaced highways radiate from Klamath Falls in all directions, connecting with Portland, Sun Francisco, and Salt Lake. These high-ways supplemented by county market roads penetrate all sections of the project, with the result that few farms are more than a mile from a hard- surfaced outlet. CLIMATE The Klamath Basin has a remarkably pleasant and healthful climate. Winters are not cold, and summers are not hot. Precipitation, which amounts to about 12): inches a year on the average, falls mainly from November to April. Late and early frosts are to be expected, and occasionally light frosts occur even in the summer months. me on the Main division of the project A G R I C U L T U R E The principal crops grown are potatoes, alfalfa, small grains, and vegetables. The yield of small grains in the Tule Lake area is unusually high. Oats frequently make 100 bushels per acre; barley runs from 60 to 80; and any good wheat field will thresh out more than 40 bushels per acre. Potatoes, when conditions are right, are par excelience the big money crop. A good yield of tubers is considered to be around 150 sacks of U. S. No. 1' s per acre, and every year a few fields are reported with yields of double that amount. The price for potatoes is unstable, depending on the market demand, and ranges from about 50 cents to $ 1.50 a sack. The quality of Klamath potatoes on the Sun Francisco market is recognized as the best, and the price usually ranges from 10 to 20 cents a sack higher than is paid for Washington and Idaho production. Flock of 6,000 turkeys being fattened for market L I V E S T O C K Cattle. On account of its geographical location, sur-rounded as it is with immense areas of sagebrush plateaus and forest ranges, the Klamath project is, and probably always will be, essentially a stock country. Its cheap forage, abundant water and mild winters offer ideal con-ditions for the wintering of range stock and the fattening of mature animals for market. Favorable feeding- in- transit rates for both grass and feed lot cattle have resulted in the fattening, locally, of thousands of range and outside cattle. The beef industry alone returns approximately $ 900,000 annually. There are several killing and manu-facturing plants located in Klamath Falls. Sheep. Approxinately 150,000 ewes are maintained in the Klamafh Basin with an average annual output of about three- quarters of a million dollars. From 75,000 to 100,000~ lambs~ afraet tened for market each year on the project. Sun Francisco js the principal market. licken ranch. The production of eggs chickens is an important industry A project Holstein dairy her Dairying. The dairying industry is increasing steadily on the project. There are now about 8,000 milk cows in the district. Klamath Falls, with its large industrial popu-lation, furnishes a good market for milk, butter, and cheese. Two local cooperative cheese manufacturing plants and four privately owned creameries operate in the district. The value of the dairy industry is approximately $ 600,000 annually. Local dairy prices for butterfat are maintained at l> e to 2 cents above the State average cwing to the favored position of the project-- half- way between Portland and Sun Francisco. This district offers many opportunities for increased dairying production, as costs are compara-tively low and climatic conditions are favorable. Ewes and lambs on Tule Lake leased lands OREGON - CALIFORNIA MAP NO. 27606 Scale of Miles 1 -- 0 1 2- 3 4 6 1 Close

• 85. [Image] Ground water hydrology of four proposed project areas in the Klamath Basin, Oregon

  	"OF-01-01"
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Ground water hydrology of four proposed project areas in the Klamath Basin, Oregon Author: Oregon. Water Resources Dept Year: 2001, 2005 "OF-01-01" Title: Ground water hydrology of four proposed project areas in the Klamath Basin, Oregon Author: Oregon. Water Resources Dept Year: 2001, 2005 "OF-01-01" Close

• 86. [Image] Klamath River basin : reclamation met its water bank obligations, but information provided to water bank stakeholders could be improved

  	"March 2005." ; "GAO-05-283."
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Klamath River basin : reclamation met its water bank obligations, but information provided to water bank stakeholders could be improved Author: United States. Government Accountability Office Year: 2005 "March 2005." ; "GAO-05-283." Title: Klamath River basin : reclamation met its water bank obligations, but information provided to water bank stakeholders could be improved Author: United States. Government Accountability Office Year: 2005 "March 2005." ; "GAO-05-283." Close

• 87. [Image] The Klamath Project

  	"Seventh draft"; Includes bibliographical references and index
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The Klamath Project Author: Stene, Eric A. Year: 1994, 2004 "Seventh draft"; Includes bibliographical references and index Title: The Klamath Project Author: Stene, Eric A. Year: 1994, 2004 "Seventh draft"; Includes bibliographical references and index Close

• 88. [Image] Weather based technologies for residential irrigation scheduling: technical review report: prepared for Municipal Water District

  	"May 2004"
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Weather based technologies for residential irrigation scheduling: technical review report: prepared for Municipal Water District Year: 2004, 2005 "May 2004" Title: Weather based technologies for residential irrigation scheduling: technical review report: prepared for Municipal Water District Year: 2004, 2005 "May 2004" Close

• 89. [Image] Environmental assessment draft visitor use and general development plans, parts III & IV of the general management plan, Crater Lake National Park

  	ill., maps; Includes bibliographical references (p. 183-185)
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Environmental assessment draft visitor use and general development plans, parts III & IV of the general management plan, Crater Lake National Park Author: United States. National Park Service. Denver Service Center Year: 1977, 2010 ill., maps; Includes bibliographical references (p. 183-185) Title: Environmental assessment draft visitor use and general development plans, parts III & IV of the general management plan, Crater Lake National Park Author: United States. National Park Service. Denver Service Center Year: 1977, 2010 ill., maps; Includes bibliographical references (p. 183-185) Close

• 90. [Image] Energy pricing and irrigated agriculture in the Upper Klamath Basin

  	Title from Web page (viewed on October 12, 2004).; "July 2004." ; Includes bibliographical references.
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Energy pricing and irrigated agriculture in the Upper Klamath Basin Author: Jaeger, William K. (William Kenneth) Year: 2004, 2008, 2005 Title from Web page (viewed on October 12, 2004).; "July 2004." ; Includes bibliographical references. Title: Energy pricing and irrigated agriculture in the Upper Klamath Basin Author: Jaeger, William K. (William Kenneth) Year: 2004, 2008, 2005 Title from Web page (viewed on October 12, 2004).; "July 2004." ; Includes bibliographical references. Close

• 91. [Image] The Water Report - Klamath update water purchase / release

  	Only portions of issues of The Water Report are available in the Klamath Waters Digital Library. See the full report at http://www.thewaterreport.com/
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The Water Report - Klamath update water purchase / release Author: Envirotech Publications Year: 2004, 2008, 2006 Only portions of issues of The Water Report are available in the Klamath Waters Digital Library. See the full report at http://www.thewaterreport.com/ Title: The Water Report - Klamath update water purchase / release Author: Envirotech Publications Year: 2004, 2008, 2006 Only portions of issues of The Water Report are available in the Klamath Waters Digital Library. See the full report at http://www.thewaterreport.com/ Close

• 92. [Image] The Water Report. Klamath Decisions: Court rulings on "takings" and BIOP/RPA sufficiency

  	Only portions of issues of The Water Report are available in the Klamath Waters Digital Library. The abbreviations in the title are for Biological opinion (BIOP) and reasonable and prudent alternative ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The Water Report. Klamath Decisions: Court rulings on "takings" and BIOP/RPA sufficiency Author: Envirotech Publications Year: 2005, 2008, 2006 Only portions of issues of The Water Report are available in the Klamath Waters Digital Library. The abbreviations in the title are for Biological opinion (BIOP) and reasonable and prudent alternative (RPA). See the full report at http://www.thewaterreport.com/ Title: The Water Report. Klamath Decisions: Court rulings on "takings" and BIOP/RPA sufficiency Author: Envirotech Publications Year: 2005, 2008, 2006 Only portions of issues of The Water Report are available in the Klamath Waters Digital Library. The abbreviations in the title are for Biological opinion (BIOP) and reasonable and prudent alternative (RPA). See the full report at http://www.thewaterreport.com/ Close

• 93. [Image] Preparation plan for the Klamath River management plan and environmental impact statement

  	"October 2001"; "This planning effort is being undertaken because the current recreation plan is outdated, almost 20 years old . . . At the conclusion of this planning effort there will be one [Environmental ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Preparation plan for the Klamath River management plan and environmental impact statement Author: United States. Bureau of Land Management. Klamath Falls Resource Area Office Year: 2001, 2005 "October 2001"; "This planning effort is being undertaken because the current recreation plan is outdated, almost 20 years old . . . At the conclusion of this planning effort there will be one [Environmental Impact Statement] and management plan that will guide and coordinate all land management activities along the river. This EIS could amend both the BLM Redding (Califonia) and the Klamath Falls (Oregon) Resource Management Plans."- Introduction.; This document appears to be a planning document to organize the process of completing later documents, including the Draft Upper Klamath River management plan environmental impact statement and resource management plan amendments (2003) which can be found at http://klamathwaterlib.oit.edu/cgi-bin/viewer.exe?CISOROOT=/WaterLibContent&CISOPTR=110 Title: Preparation plan for the Klamath River management plan and environmental impact statement Author: United States. Bureau of Land Management. Klamath Falls Resource Area Office Year: 2001, 2005 "October 2001"; "This planning effort is being undertaken because the current recreation plan is outdated, almost 20 years old . . . At the conclusion of this planning effort there will be one [Environmental Impact Statement] and management plan that will guide and coordinate all land management activities along the river. This EIS could amend both the BLM Redding (Califonia) and the Klamath Falls (Oregon) Resource Management Plans."- Introduction.; This document appears to be a planning document to organize the process of completing later documents, including the Draft Upper Klamath River management plan environmental impact statement and resource management plan amendments (2003) which can be found at http://klamathwaterlib.oit.edu/cgi-bin/viewer.exe?CISOROOT=/WaterLibContent&CISOPTR=110 Close

• 94. [Image] Improving salmon passage: draft, the Lower Snake River juvenile salmon migration feasibility report/environmental impact statement

  	The purpose of this summary report is to provide an overview of the findings developed for the Lower Snake River Juvenile Salmon Migration Feasibility Study. For more detailed information, the reader should ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Improving salmon passage: draft, the Lower Snake River juvenile salmon migration feasibility report/environmental impact statement Year: 1999, 2004 The purpose of this summary report is to provide an overview of the findings developed for the Lower Snake River Juvenile Salmon Migration Feasibility Study. For more detailed information, the reader should refer to the Draft Feasibility Report/Environmental Impact Statement and attached appendices. The genesis of this study is the National Marine Fisheries Service's 1995 Biological Opinion for the Reinitiation of Consultation on 1994-1998 Operation of the Federal Columbia River Power System and Juvenile Transportation Program in 1995 and Future Years (95 Biological Opinion). While the focus of this study is the relationship between the four dams on the lower Snake River and their effects on juvenile fish traveling toward the ocean, the implications of the study are broader. The Draft Feasibility Report/Environmental Impact Statement includes the best available information on the biological effectiveness, engineering, economic effects, and other environmental effects associated with the four specific alternatives. It does not, however, include a recommendation or identify a preferred alternative. This will give the public and other agencies an opportunity to review and understand this information and provide input before a preferred alternative is selected. At the same time, this will allow the region to consider the Habitat, Hatcheries, Harvest, and Hydropower Working Paper on salmon recovery by the Federal Caucus. Information from this process will be fully examined to determine how it may influence decisions on actions for the lower Snake River. Title: Improving salmon passage: draft, the Lower Snake River juvenile salmon migration feasibility report/environmental impact statement Year: 1999, 2004 The purpose of this summary report is to provide an overview of the findings developed for the Lower Snake River Juvenile Salmon Migration Feasibility Study. For more detailed information, the reader should refer to the Draft Feasibility Report/Environmental Impact Statement and attached appendices. The genesis of this study is the National Marine Fisheries Service's 1995 Biological Opinion for the Reinitiation of Consultation on 1994-1998 Operation of the Federal Columbia River Power System and Juvenile Transportation Program in 1995 and Future Years (95 Biological Opinion). While the focus of this study is the relationship between the four dams on the lower Snake River and their effects on juvenile fish traveling toward the ocean, the implications of the study are broader. The Draft Feasibility Report/Environmental Impact Statement includes the best available information on the biological effectiveness, engineering, economic effects, and other environmental effects associated with the four specific alternatives. It does not, however, include a recommendation or identify a preferred alternative. This will give the public and other agencies an opportunity to review and understand this information and provide input before a preferred alternative is selected. At the same time, this will allow the region to consider the Habitat, Hatcheries, Harvest, and Hydropower Working Paper on salmon recovery by the Federal Caucus. Information from this process will be fully examined to determine how it may influence decisions on actions for the lower Snake River. Close

• 95. [Image] Undepleted natural flow of the upper Klamath River : natural inflow to, natural losses from, and natural outfall of Upper Klamath Lake to the Link River and of Lower Klamath Lake to the Klamath River at Keno

  	A monthly natural flow history was determined for the 1949 to 2000 period at the Keno gage of the Upper Klamath River basin in south-central Oregon. Included within the evaluation is an assessment of natural ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Undepleted natural flow of the upper Klamath River : natural inflow to, natural losses from, and natural outfall of Upper Klamath Lake to the Link River and of Lower Klamath Lake to the Klamath River at Keno Author: United States. Bureau of Reclamation. Denver Office. Technical Service Center Year: 2005, 2004 A monthly natural flow history was determined for the 1949 to 2000 period at the Keno gage of the Upper Klamath River basin in south-central Oregon. Included within the evaluation is an assessment of natural flows for the same period at the outfall of Upper Klamath Lake, which forms the head of the Link River at Klamath Falls, Oregon. Flow past the Link River gage is tributary to the Klamath River above Lower Klamath Lake. These natural flows were determined using standard and accepted methods. Records used in developing this analysis were derived from stream-gaging records and from climatic records for stations within and adjacent to the study area. Information was also obtained from published maps and reports, and file documents of the Klamath Area Office. Currently, received comments are being addressed and evaluation of elements related to these comments is in progress. The objective of this report is to provide a representative estimate of the monthly natural flow of the Upper Klamath River. Such an estimate is of the natural flow that would typically have occurred without the water-resources developments in the Upper Klamath Basin. A water-budget assessment was used in the determination of the natural flows. The assessment includes results from an evaluation of present-day irrigation depletions, and losses from reclaimed marshland, that have changed the natural inflow to, and resulting natural outfall from, Upper Klamath Lake. Also evaluated were losses to the natural inflow that would have been incurred due to pre-development marshland and evaporation associated with Upper Klamath Lake. The natural outfall from the lake comprised the natural flow of the Link River at Klamath Falls and also the consequent natural inflow to Lower Klamath Lake. Therefore, a similar evaluation was also completed for Lower Klamath Lake to estimate the natural flow of the Klamath River at Keno. The water-budget assessment was designed to simulate each lake as a natural water body within a stream-connected two-lake system. Much of the assessment was completed using Excel. Title: Undepleted natural flow of the upper Klamath River : natural inflow to, natural losses from, and natural outfall of Upper Klamath Lake to the Link River and of Lower Klamath Lake to the Klamath River at Keno Author: United States. Bureau of Reclamation. Denver Office. Technical Service Center Year: 2005, 2004 A monthly natural flow history was determined for the 1949 to 2000 period at the Keno gage of the Upper Klamath River basin in south-central Oregon. Included within the evaluation is an assessment of natural flows for the same period at the outfall of Upper Klamath Lake, which forms the head of the Link River at Klamath Falls, Oregon. Flow past the Link River gage is tributary to the Klamath River above Lower Klamath Lake. These natural flows were determined using standard and accepted methods. Records used in developing this analysis were derived from stream-gaging records and from climatic records for stations within and adjacent to the study area. Information was also obtained from published maps and reports, and file documents of the Klamath Area Office. Currently, received comments are being addressed and evaluation of elements related to these comments is in progress. The objective of this report is to provide a representative estimate of the monthly natural flow of the Upper Klamath River. Such an estimate is of the natural flow that would typically have occurred without the water-resources developments in the Upper Klamath Basin. A water-budget assessment was used in the determination of the natural flows. The assessment includes results from an evaluation of present-day irrigation depletions, and losses from reclaimed marshland, that have changed the natural inflow to, and resulting natural outfall from, Upper Klamath Lake. Also evaluated were losses to the natural inflow that would have been incurred due to pre-development marshland and evaporation associated with Upper Klamath Lake. The natural outfall from the lake comprised the natural flow of the Link River at Klamath Falls and also the consequent natural inflow to Lower Klamath Lake. Therefore, a similar evaluation was also completed for Lower Klamath Lake to estimate the natural flow of the Klamath River at Keno. The water-budget assessment was designed to simulate each lake as a natural water body within a stream-connected two-lake system. Much of the assessment was completed using Excel. Close

• 96. [Image] Lower Klamath River instream flow study : scoping evaluation for the Yurok Indian Reservation

  	ABSTRACT The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Lower Columbia River Fishery Resource Office was funded by Bureau of Indian Affairs to conduct an instream flow assessment for the lower Klamath River within ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Lower Klamath River instream flow study : scoping evaluation for the Yurok Indian Reservation Author: Anglin, Donald R Year: 1994, 2007, 2006 ABSTRACT The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Lower Columbia River Fishery Resource Office was funded by Bureau of Indian Affairs to conduct an instream flow assessment for the lower Klamath River within the Yurok Indian Reservation in northern California using the Instream Flow Incremental Methodology (IFIM). Specific study tasks consisted of developing an explicit statement of purpose, definition of the study area and target species, assembly and evaluation of hydrologic, water quality, and physical data as well as biological and fish habitat information. A reconnaissance survey of the proposed study area was also conducted. The purpose for conducting the proposed flow study was the Yurok Tribe's desire to protect the Klamath basin water supply for the production of anadromous fish. The ultimate goal was to protect, restore, and enhance the anadromous fishery resources on the Reservation and in the basin as a whole. The study area was defined as the lower Klamath River and tributaries from the confluence with the Trinity River downstream to the area of tidal influence. Although the mainstem Klamath only was proposed for flow studies, the tributaries were included in the study area as a result of their hydrologic and biological relevance. Target species were identified as chinook salmon {Oncorhynchus tshawytscha), coho salmon (0. kisutch), steelhead trout (0. mykiss) , green sturgeon {Acipenser medirostris) , eulachon (Thaleichthys pacificus) , and Pacific lamprey (Lampetra tridentata) . Assembly and evaluation of relevant information was accomplished from results of a public scoping meeting and the review of a large volume of both published and file reports as well as numerous personal communications. Hydrology of the lower Klamath River is affected by U.S. Bureau of Reclamation projects in both the upper Klamath and upper Trinity subbasins. Several hydroelectric projects in the upper Klamath subbasin affect flow patterns, and agricultural activities in the upper Klamath subbasin and tributaries and the Central Valley Project in the upper Trinity subbasin have reduced water yield from the basin. Water quality concerns were identified as elevated water temperatures and nutrient levels resulting from land use activities throughout the basin. Hydrologic and water quality impacts are partially mitigated in the lower Klamath by tributary inflow throughout the basin. The physical environment in the basin has been altered by land use practices and several major flood events. Alterations include loss of riparian vegetation and stream channel stability, loss of soil moisture storage capacity and infiltration potential, debris slides and logjams resulting in migration barriers, reduced supply of large woody debris for recruitment into the stream channel, and sedimentation of spawning and rearing habitat. Fish habitat in most lower Klamath tributaries has been surveyed and deficiencies as well as good quality habitat have been described. Significant production potential exists in most tributaries, however much restoration work needs to be completed to realize the potential. Habitat characteristics for the mainstem Klamath have not been described. Life history and production data are presented for target species and a brief review of sources for suitability criteria is presented. Harvest management and escapement for naturally spawning fall chinook salmon were reviewed from 1978 through 1993. Escapement has varied over the years but a general downward trend in naturally spawning fall chinook can be observed, particularly in recent years. Escapement goals for the Klamath basin varied from 115,000 in 1978 to an "emergency" floor of 27,000 in 1992. Actual escapement of naturally spawning adult fall chinook varied from a high of 113,000 in 1986 to a low of 11,600 in 1991. Escapement in 1978 totalled 58,500 and preliminary estimates of escapement in 1993 were 21,000 naturally spawning adults. Factors affecting production and subsequent stock size and escapement included variable ocean survival, degraded freshwater habitat conditions, the recent six-year drought, releases of large numbers of hatchery juveniles, and harvest management methodologies that have failed to adequately match harvest to predicted stock size. Differential harvest rates for Klamath and Trinity subbasin fall chinook have also complicated attempts to structure the harvest. Field reconnaisance surveys were conducted in spring and summer 1993 for the proposed mainstem Klamath study area. Two distinct river segments were identified based on macrohabitat characteristics. Microhabitat was classified within each river segment and mapped on USGS quadrangle maps. Cross section identification was postponed pending the decision to move forward with the flow study. Following the scoping tasks described above, conclusions and recommendations were developed. No information was reviewed that indicated the need for an instream flow study in the lower Klamath River. The two basic problems affecting anadromous fish production are degraded freshwater habitat and chronic underescapement. Coordination and planning for instream flow studies on a basin-wide scale was recommended. Biological data gaps were identified which need to be addressed before an instream flow study can be completed for the lower Klamath. Suitability criteria for habitat analysis also need to be identified. Habitat restoration and protection and proper management of anadromous fishery resources were identified as the highest priorities to begin restoration of anadromous stocks. Specific recommendations for habitat restoration included watershed and riparian zone restoration, barrier removal, instream habitat inventory, restoration, and monitoring, estuary studies, and description of streamflow characteristics for lower Klamath tributaries. Recommended fishery resource studies included collection of basic life history data, monitoring for adult escapement and juvenile production, description of estuary usage, effects of hatchery programs on both adult and juvenile wild fish, evaluation of the accelerated stocking program, and refinement of harvest management methodologies to achieve appropriate escapement of naturally spawning stocks into all subbasins. Title: Lower Klamath River instream flow study : scoping evaluation for the Yurok Indian Reservation Author: Anglin, Donald R Year: 1994, 2007, 2006 ABSTRACT The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Lower Columbia River Fishery Resource Office was funded by Bureau of Indian Affairs to conduct an instream flow assessment for the lower Klamath River within the Yurok Indian Reservation in northern California using the Instream Flow Incremental Methodology (IFIM). Specific study tasks consisted of developing an explicit statement of purpose, definition of the study area and target species, assembly and evaluation of hydrologic, water quality, and physical data as well as biological and fish habitat information. A reconnaissance survey of the proposed study area was also conducted. The purpose for conducting the proposed flow study was the Yurok Tribe's desire to protect the Klamath basin water supply for the production of anadromous fish. The ultimate goal was to protect, restore, and enhance the anadromous fishery resources on the Reservation and in the basin as a whole. The study area was defined as the lower Klamath River and tributaries from the confluence with the Trinity River downstream to the area of tidal influence. Although the mainstem Klamath only was proposed for flow studies, the tributaries were included in the study area as a result of their hydrologic and biological relevance. Target species were identified as chinook salmon {Oncorhynchus tshawytscha), coho salmon (0. kisutch), steelhead trout (0. mykiss) , green sturgeon {Acipenser medirostris) , eulachon (Thaleichthys pacificus) , and Pacific lamprey (Lampetra tridentata) . Assembly and evaluation of relevant information was accomplished from results of a public scoping meeting and the review of a large volume of both published and file reports as well as numerous personal communications. Hydrology of the lower Klamath River is affected by U.S. Bureau of Reclamation projects in both the upper Klamath and upper Trinity subbasins. Several hydroelectric projects in the upper Klamath subbasin affect flow patterns, and agricultural activities in the upper Klamath subbasin and tributaries and the Central Valley Project in the upper Trinity subbasin have reduced water yield from the basin. Water quality concerns were identified as elevated water temperatures and nutrient levels resulting from land use activities throughout the basin. Hydrologic and water quality impacts are partially mitigated in the lower Klamath by tributary inflow throughout the basin. The physical environment in the basin has been altered by land use practices and several major flood events. Alterations include loss of riparian vegetation and stream channel stability, loss of soil moisture storage capacity and infiltration potential, debris slides and logjams resulting in migration barriers, reduced supply of large woody debris for recruitment into the stream channel, and sedimentation of spawning and rearing habitat. Fish habitat in most lower Klamath tributaries has been surveyed and deficiencies as well as good quality habitat have been described. Significant production potential exists in most tributaries, however much restoration work needs to be completed to realize the potential. Habitat characteristics for the mainstem Klamath have not been described. Life history and production data are presented for target species and a brief review of sources for suitability criteria is presented. Harvest management and escapement for naturally spawning fall chinook salmon were reviewed from 1978 through 1993. Escapement has varied over the years but a general downward trend in naturally spawning fall chinook can be observed, particularly in recent years. Escapement goals for the Klamath basin varied from 115,000 in 1978 to an "emergency" floor of 27,000 in 1992. Actual escapement of naturally spawning adult fall chinook varied from a high of 113,000 in 1986 to a low of 11,600 in 1991. Escapement in 1978 totalled 58,500 and preliminary estimates of escapement in 1993 were 21,000 naturally spawning adults. Factors affecting production and subsequent stock size and escapement included variable ocean survival, degraded freshwater habitat conditions, the recent six-year drought, releases of large numbers of hatchery juveniles, and harvest management methodologies that have failed to adequately match harvest to predicted stock size. Differential harvest rates for Klamath and Trinity subbasin fall chinook have also complicated attempts to structure the harvest. Field reconnaisance surveys were conducted in spring and summer 1993 for the proposed mainstem Klamath study area. Two distinct river segments were identified based on macrohabitat characteristics. Microhabitat was classified within each river segment and mapped on USGS quadrangle maps. Cross section identification was postponed pending the decision to move forward with the flow study. Following the scoping tasks described above, conclusions and recommendations were developed. No information was reviewed that indicated the need for an instream flow study in the lower Klamath River. The two basic problems affecting anadromous fish production are degraded freshwater habitat and chronic underescapement. Coordination and planning for instream flow studies on a basin-wide scale was recommended. Biological data gaps were identified which need to be addressed before an instream flow study can be completed for the lower Klamath. Suitability criteria for habitat analysis also need to be identified. Habitat restoration and protection and proper management of anadromous fishery resources were identified as the highest priorities to begin restoration of anadromous stocks. Specific recommendations for habitat restoration included watershed and riparian zone restoration, barrier removal, instream habitat inventory, restoration, and monitoring, estuary studies, and description of streamflow characteristics for lower Klamath tributaries. Recommended fishery resource studies included collection of basic life history data, monitoring for adult escapement and juvenile production, description of estuary usage, effects of hatchery programs on both adult and juvenile wild fish, evaluation of the accelerated stocking program, and refinement of harvest management methodologies to achieve appropriate escapement of naturally spawning stocks into all subbasins. Close

• 97. [Image] A strategy for achieving healthy watersheds in Oregon

  	"January 2001."
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: A strategy for achieving healthy watersheds in Oregon Author: Oregon Watershed Enhancement Board Year: 2001, 2004 "January 2001." Title: A strategy for achieving healthy watersheds in Oregon Author: Oregon Watershed Enhancement Board Year: 2001, 2004 "January 2001." Close

• 98. [Image] Water rights in Oregon : an introduction to Oregon's water laws and water rights system

  	CONTENTS THE WATER RESOURCES COMMISSION AND DEPARTMENT 1c "To serve the public by practicing and promoting wise long-term water management. " 1.¨REGON WATER LAWS 22 water management in Oregon 2.°ATER PROTECTIONS ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Water rights in Oregon : an introduction to Oregon's water laws and water rights system Author: Oregon. Water Resources Dept. Year: 2004, 2005 CONTENTS THE WATER RESOURCES COMMISSION AND DEPARTMENT 1c "To serve the public by practicing and promoting wise long-term water management. " 1.¨REGON WATER LAWS 22 water management in Oregon 2.°ATER PROTECTIONS AND RESTRICTIONS 262011 managing water appropriations 3.¨BTAINING NEW WATER RIGHTS 185 gaining authorization to use water 4.¨THER WATER RIGHTS 197 authorization for water use 5.­RANSFERRING WATER RIGHTS 1c1 existing rights for new uses 6.SANCELLING WATER RIGHTS 1c5 loss of water rights through non-use 7.SONSERVATION 1c8 encouraging efficient water use 8.xINDING WATER RIGHTS 1d1 determining if you have a water right 9.°ATER DISTRIBUTION AND ENFORCEMENT 1d2 watermasters and field staff protecting rights and resources 10.«EGION OFFICES AND WATERMASTER DISTRICTS 1d4 11.xEES 1d6 APPENDIX A 1d7 other development permits WATER RIGHTS IN OREGON Title: Water rights in Oregon : an introduction to Oregon's water laws and water rights system Author: Oregon. Water Resources Dept. Year: 2004, 2005 CONTENTS THE WATER RESOURCES COMMISSION AND DEPARTMENT 1c "To serve the public by practicing and promoting wise long-term water management. " 1.¨REGON WATER LAWS 22 water management in Oregon 2.°ATER PROTECTIONS AND RESTRICTIONS 262011 managing water appropriations 3.¨BTAINING NEW WATER RIGHTS 185 gaining authorization to use water 4.¨THER WATER RIGHTS 197 authorization for water use 5.­RANSFERRING WATER RIGHTS 1c1 existing rights for new uses 6.SANCELLING WATER RIGHTS 1c5 loss of water rights through non-use 7.SONSERVATION 1c8 encouraging efficient water use 8.xINDING WATER RIGHTS 1d1 determining if you have a water right 9.°ATER DISTRIBUTION AND ENFORCEMENT 1d2 watermasters and field staff protecting rights and resources 10.«EGION OFFICES AND WATERMASTER DISTRICTS 1d4 11.xEES 1d6 APPENDIX A 1d7 other development permits WATER RIGHTS IN OREGON Close

• 99. [Image] Klamath Project : historic operation

  	"November 2000."
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Klamath Project : historic operation Author: United States. Bureau of Reclamation. Klamath Basin Area Office Year: 2000, 2005 "November 2000." Title: Klamath Project : historic operation Author: United States. Bureau of Reclamation. Klamath Basin Area Office Year: 2000, 2005 "November 2000." Close

• 100. [Image] The Water Report - The ESA, salmon, and Western water law

  	Only portions of issues of The Water Report are available in the Klamath Waters Digital Library. See the full report at http://www.thewaterreport.com/.
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The Water Report - The ESA, salmon, and Western water law Author: Envirotech Publications Year: 2004, 2008, 2006 Only portions of issues of The Water Report are available in the Klamath Waters Digital Library. See the full report at http://www.thewaterreport.com/. Title: The Water Report - The ESA, salmon, and Western water law Author: Envirotech Publications Year: 2004, 2008, 2006 Only portions of issues of The Water Report are available in the Klamath Waters Digital Library. See the full report at http://www.thewaterreport.com/. Close