Oregon Explorer CrossSearch Search Results

1. [Image] 1999 Klamath River fall chinook age composition


	Title taken from subject line ; "February 9, 2000."
	Citation Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: 1999 Klamath River fall chinook age composition Year: 2000, 2005 Title taken from subject line ; "February 9, 2000." Title: 1999 Klamath River fall chinook age composition Year: 2000, 2005 Title taken from subject line ; "February 9, 2000."

2. [Image] 1998 Klamath River fall chinook age composition


	"To: Klamath River Technical Advisory Team." "February 4, 1999."
	Citation Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: 1998 Klamath River fall chinook age composition Year: 1999, 2005 "To: Klamath River Technical Advisory Team." "February 4, 1999." Title: 1998 Klamath River fall chinook age composition Year: 1999, 2005 "To: Klamath River Technical Advisory Team." "February 4, 1999."

3. [Image] Age composition of the 1995 Klamath River fall Chinook run


	The age composition of the in-river run of Klamath River fall chinook is an integral part of the database used to manage this salmon stock. Age composition is used in conjunction with annual estimates ...
	Citation Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Age composition of the 1995 Klamath River fall Chinook run Year: 1996, 2005 The age composition of the in-river run of Klamath River fall chinook is an integral part of the database used to manage this salmon stock. Age composition is used in conjunction with annual estimates of in-river harvest and escapement to estimate the ocean stock size of Klamath River fall chinook for fishery managment purposes. A total of 13,994 scale samples were examined to estimate the age composition of fall chinook in the Klamath River in 1995. The scales were collected from 13 locations and were aged using scales from coded wire tag recoveries as references. Age composition estimates from each sampling location were weighted by the magnitude of that location's contribution to the inriver run. Because some locations were inadequately sampled, surrogate samples were used represent to them. Angler harvest and in-river run size for 1995 were estimated by applying the age composition to the California Department of Fish and Game's population 'megatable". Seven versions of these estimates are given, using different combinations of surrogate samples. Title: Age composition of the 1995 Klamath River fall Chinook run Year: 1996, 2005 The age composition of the in-river run of Klamath River fall chinook is an integral part of the database used to manage this salmon stock. Age composition is used in conjunction with annual estimates of in-river harvest and escapement to estimate the ocean stock size of Klamath River fall chinook for fishery managment purposes. A total of 13,994 scale samples were examined to estimate the age composition of fall chinook in the Klamath River in 1995. The scales were collected from 13 locations and were aged using scales from coded wire tag recoveries as references. Age composition estimates from each sampling location were weighted by the magnitude of that location's contribution to the inriver run. Because some locations were inadequately sampled, surrogate samples were used represent to them. Angler harvest and in-river run size for 1995 were estimated by applying the age composition to the California Department of Fish and Game's population 'megatable". Seven versions of these estimates are given, using different combinations of surrogate samples.

4. [Image] Ecology of kokanee salmon and rainbow trout in Crater Lake, a deep ultraoligotrophic caldera lake (Oregon)


	ill.; Thesis (M.S.)-Oregon State University, 1988; Includes bibliographical references (leaves 74-80)
	Citation Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Ecology of kokanee salmon and rainbow trout in Crater Lake, a deep ultraoligotrophic caldera lake (Oregon) Author: Buktenica, M. W., (Mark W.) Year: 1988, 2009 ill.; Thesis (M.S.)-Oregon State University, 1988; Includes bibliographical references (leaves 74-80) Title: Ecology of kokanee salmon and rainbow trout in Crater Lake, a deep ultraoligotrophic caldera lake (Oregon) Author: Buktenica, M. W., (Mark W.) Year: 1988, 2009 ill.; Thesis (M.S.)-Oregon State University, 1988; Includes bibliographical references (leaves 74-80)

5. [Image] Attempt at Paleomagnetic Dating of Opal, Roosevelt Hot Springs KGRA


	The results of paleomagnetic investigation of a drill core from the Opal Dome at Roosevelt Hot Springs are reported. A log of the core from 1.5 to 16.8 m is given. (MHR)
	Citation Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Attempt at Paleomagnetic Dating of Opal, Roosevelt Hot Springs KGRA Author: Brown, F.H. Year: 1977 The results of paleomagnetic investigation of a drill core from the Opal Dome at Roosevelt Hot Springs are reported. A log of the core from 1.5 to 16.8 m is given. (MHR) Title: Attempt at Paleomagnetic Dating of Opal, Roosevelt Hot Springs KGRA Author: Brown, F.H. Year: 1977 The results of paleomagnetic investigation of a drill core from the Opal Dome at Roosevelt Hot Springs are reported. A log of the core from 1.5 to 16.8 m is given. (MHR)

6. [Image] The vegetation dynamics of pinus contorta forest, Crater Lake National Park, Oregon


	ill., maps, bound; Thesis (M.S.)-Oregon State University, 1978; Includes bibliographical referenes (leaves 151-162)
	Citation Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The vegetation dynamics of pinus contorta forest, Crater Lake National Park, Oregon Author: Zeigler, Robert S. Year: 1978, 2009 ill., maps, bound; Thesis (M.S.)-Oregon State University, 1978; Includes bibliographical referenes (leaves 151-162) Title: The vegetation dynamics of pinus contorta forest, Crater Lake National Park, Oregon Author: Zeigler, Robert S. Year: 1978, 2009 ill., maps, bound; Thesis (M.S.)-Oregon State University, 1978; Includes bibliographical referenes (leaves 151-162)

7. [Image] Annual survey of abundance and distribution of age 0 shortnose and Lost River suckers in Upper Klamath Lake


	One chapter of a seven chapter annual report from 1999 examining ecological issues regarding the shortnose and Lost River sucker populations in Upper Klamath Lake and Williamson River.
	Citation Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Annual survey of abundance and distribution of age 0 shortnose and Lost River suckers in Upper Klamath Lake Author: Oregon Cooperative Wildlife Research Unit Year: 2000, 2005 One chapter of a seven chapter annual report from 1999 examining ecological issues regarding the shortnose and Lost River sucker populations in Upper Klamath Lake and Williamson River. Title: Annual survey of abundance and distribution of age 0 shortnose and Lost River suckers in Upper Klamath Lake Author: Oregon Cooperative Wildlife Research Unit Year: 2000, 2005 One chapter of a seven chapter annual report from 1999 examining ecological issues regarding the shortnose and Lost River sucker populations in Upper Klamath Lake and Williamson River.

8. [Image] Feeding of golden-mantled ground squirrels by park visitors at Crater Lake National Park


	map; "A research paper submitted to the Department of Geography in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Science."; "May 1984."; Includes bibliographical references (leaf ...
	Citation Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Feeding of golden-mantled ground squirrels by park visitors at Crater Lake National Park Author: Schwarzkopf, S. Kent Year: 1984, 2010 map; "A research paper submitted to the Department of Geography in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Science."; "May 1984."; Includes bibliographical references (leaf 50-52). Title: Feeding of golden-mantled ground squirrels by park visitors at Crater Lake National Park Author: Schwarzkopf, S. Kent Year: 1984, 2010 map; "A research paper submitted to the Department of Geography in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Science."; "May 1984."; Includes bibliographical references (leaf 50-52).

9. [Image] Fishes and stream habitat in tributaries of the Klamath River in Crater Lake National Park, with special reference to the Sun Creek Bull Trout (Salvelinus confluentus) population


	"December 1993."; "NPS D-155."; Other agencies: Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife; National Biological Survey, Cooperative Park Studies Unit, College of Forestry, Oregon State University; Includes ...
	Citation Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Fishes and stream habitat in tributaries of the Klamath River in Crater Lake National Park, with special reference to the Sun Creek Bull Trout (Salvelinus confluentus) population Author: Dambacher, Jeffrey M; Buktenica, Mark W; Larson, Gary L Year: 1993, 2007, 2005 "December 1993."; "NPS D-155."; Other agencies: Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife; National Biological Survey, Cooperative Park Studies Unit, College of Forestry, Oregon State University; Includes bibliographical references (p. 44) Title: Fishes and stream habitat in tributaries of the Klamath River in Crater Lake National Park, with special reference to the Sun Creek Bull Trout (Salvelinus confluentus) population Author: Dambacher, Jeffrey M; Buktenica, Mark W; Larson, Gary L Year: 1993, 2007, 2005 "December 1993."; "NPS D-155."; Other agencies: Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife; National Biological Survey, Cooperative Park Studies Unit, College of Forestry, Oregon State University; Includes bibliographical references (p. 44)

10. [Image] Geology of the Cove Fort-Sulphurdale KGRA


	The Cove Fort-Sulphurdale Known Geothermal Resource Area (KGRA) is located on the northwestern margin of the Marysvale volcanic field in southwestern Utah. The geology of the KGRA is dominated by lava ...
	Citation Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Geology of the Cove Fort-Sulphurdale KGRA Author: Moore, J.N. Year: 1979 The Cove Fort-Sulphurdale Known Geothermal Resource Area (KGRA) is located on the northwestern margin of the Marysvale volcanic field in southwestern Utah. The geology of the KGRA is dominated by lava flows and ash-flow tuffs of late Oligocene to mid-Miocene age that were deposited on faulted sedimentary rocks of Paleozoic to Mesozoic age. The geothermal system of the Cove Fort-Sulphurdale KGRA is structurally controlled by normal faults. High-angle faults control fluid flow within the geothermal reservoir, while the gravitational glide blocks provide an impermeable cap for the geothermal system in the central part of the field. Surficial activity occurring to the north and south of the glide blocks is characterized by the evolution of hydrogen sulfide and deposition of native sulphur. Intense acid alteration of the aluvium, resulting from downward migration of sulphuric acid, has left porous siliceous residues that retain many of the original sedimentary structures. Detailed logs of Union Oil Company drill holes Forminco No. 1, Utah State 42-7, and Utah State 31-33 are included Title: Geology of the Cove Fort-Sulphurdale KGRA Author: Moore, J.N. Year: 1979 The Cove Fort-Sulphurdale Known Geothermal Resource Area (KGRA) is located on the northwestern margin of the Marysvale volcanic field in southwestern Utah. The geology of the KGRA is dominated by lava flows and ash-flow tuffs of late Oligocene to mid-Miocene age that were deposited on faulted sedimentary rocks of Paleozoic to Mesozoic age. The geothermal system of the Cove Fort-Sulphurdale KGRA is structurally controlled by normal faults. High-angle faults control fluid flow within the geothermal reservoir, while the gravitational glide blocks provide an impermeable cap for the geothermal system in the central part of the field. Surficial activity occurring to the north and south of the glide blocks is characterized by the evolution of hydrogen sulfide and deposition of native sulphur. Intense acid alteration of the aluvium, resulting from downward migration of sulphuric acid, has left porous siliceous residues that retain many of the original sedimentary structures. Detailed logs of Union Oil Company drill holes Forminco No. 1, Utah State 42-7, and Utah State 31-33 are included

11. [Image] Biomass of coniferous and understory trees in Crater Lake National Park, Oregon


	ill. ; Report title; "CPSU/UW82-1."; "James K. Agee: Research Biologist and Associate Professor." - T.p.; "A simplified procedure using tree height to predict biomass is presented for management application." ...
	Citation Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Biomass of coniferous and understory trees in Crater Lake National Park, Oregon Author: Agee, James K. Year: 1981, 2008, 2009 ill. ; Report title; "CPSU/UW82-1."; "James K. Agee: Research Biologist and Associate Professor." - T.p.; "A simplified procedure using tree height to predict biomass is presented for management application." - Preface.; Includes bibliographical references p. 15. Title: Biomass of coniferous and understory trees in Crater Lake National Park, Oregon Author: Agee, James K. Year: 1981, 2008, 2009 ill. ; Report title; "CPSU/UW82-1."; "James K. Agee: Research Biologist and Associate Professor." - T.p.; "A simplified procedure using tree height to predict biomass is presented for management application." - Preface.; Includes bibliographical references p. 15.

12. [Image] Research on the Physical Properties of Geothermal Reservoir Rock. Quarterly Report.


	Laboratory measurements of thermal conductivity and capillary pressure have been undertaken for samples of Cenozoic Volcanic rocks collected from the Columbia Plateau Volcanic basin. These measurements ...
	Citation Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Research on the Physical Properties of Geothermal Reservoir Rock. Quarterly Report. Author: Skokan, C.K. Year: 1978 Laboratory measurements of thermal conductivity and capillary pressure have been undertaken for samples of Cenozoic Volcanic rocks collected from the Columbia Plateau Volcanic basin. These measurements were performed at atmospheric pressure and room temperature. Various methods of measuring thermal conductivity were investigated and finally a flash method was chosen. The equipment was constructed and tested. The results were favorable. Numerous capillary pressure curves were obtained by use of the mercury injection technique. These curves indicate pore structure: pore size, pore distribution, pore volume, and pore geometry. Measurements of this type help to explain variations in rock properties such as seismic velocities and resistivities Title: Research on the Physical Properties of Geothermal Reservoir Rock. Quarterly Report. Author: Skokan, C.K. Year: 1978 Laboratory measurements of thermal conductivity and capillary pressure have been undertaken for samples of Cenozoic Volcanic rocks collected from the Columbia Plateau Volcanic basin. These measurements were performed at atmospheric pressure and room temperature. Various methods of measuring thermal conductivity were investigated and finally a flash method was chosen. The equipment was constructed and tested. The results were favorable. Numerous capillary pressure curves were obtained by use of the mercury injection technique. These curves indicate pore structure: pore size, pore distribution, pore volume, and pore geometry. Measurements of this type help to explain variations in rock properties such as seismic velocities and resistivities

13. [Image] Issue Alert: Catching Up and Keeping Up


	The Bonneville Power Administration has invested $3 billion in its Northwest power grid. The grid provides three-quarters of the region's high-voltage power transmission. It must be well maintained to ...
	Citation Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Issue Alert: Catching Up and Keeping Up Author: Bonneville Power Administration Year: 1989 The Bonneville Power Administration has invested $3 billion in its Northwest power grid. The grid provides three-quarters of the region's high-voltage power transmission. It must be well maintained to assure reliable electric service to the region. In recent years, BPA has postponed some maintenance to help keep its costs and rates down. This deferral concerns us. And it concerns our customers - the utilities who buy power from BPA Title: Issue Alert: Catching Up and Keeping Up Author: Bonneville Power Administration Year: 1989 The Bonneville Power Administration has invested $3 billion in its Northwest power grid. The grid provides three-quarters of the region's high-voltage power transmission. It must be well maintained to assure reliable electric service to the region. In recent years, BPA has postponed some maintenance to help keep its costs and rates down. This deferral concerns us. And it concerns our customers - the utilities who buy power from BPA

14. [Image] Site Insolation and Wind Power Characteristics: Technical Report Western Region (North Section)


	This study phase was performed to provide historic statistical information on solar and wind power availability in the Western Region (North Section) of the United States. A total of 21 NOAA SOLMET stations ...
	Citation Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Site Insolation and Wind Power Characteristics: Technical Report Western Region (North Section) Author: Bray, Roger E. Year: 1980 This study phase was performed to provide historic statistical information on solar and wind power availability in the Western Region (North Section) of the United States. A total of 21 NOAA SOLMET stations were selected to represent this region Title: Site Insolation and Wind Power Characteristics: Technical Report Western Region (North Section) Author: Bray, Roger E. Year: 1980 This study phase was performed to provide historic statistical information on solar and wind power availability in the Western Region (North Section) of the United States. A total of 21 NOAA SOLMET stations were selected to represent this region

15. [Image] Site Insolation and Wind Power Characteristics: Technical Report Western Region (South Section)


	This study phase was performed to provide historic statistical information on solar and wind power availability in the Western Region (South Section) of the United States. A total of 22 NOAA SOLMET stations ...
	Citation Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Site Insolation and Wind Power Characteristics: Technical Report Western Region (South Section) Author: Bray, Roger E. Year: 1980 This study phase was performed to provide historic statistical information on solar and wind power availability in the Western Region (South Section) of the United States. A total of 22 NOAA SOLMET stations were selected to represent this region Title: Site Insolation and Wind Power Characteristics: Technical Report Western Region (South Section) Author: Bray, Roger E. Year: 1980 This study phase was performed to provide historic statistical information on solar and wind power availability in the Western Region (South Section) of the United States. A total of 22 NOAA SOLMET stations were selected to represent this region

16. [Image] Life zones with special reference to the botanical features of those of Crater Lake National Park


	Thesis, M.A., Oregon, Dept. of Biology; Bibliography: p. 70-71
	Citation Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Life zones with special reference to the botanical features of those of Crater Lake National Park Author: Wynd, Frederick Lyle Year: 1930, 2009 Thesis, M.A., Oregon, Dept. of Biology; Bibliography: p. 70-71 Title: Life zones with special reference to the botanical features of those of Crater Lake National Park Author: Wynd, Frederick Lyle Year: 1930, 2009 Thesis, M.A., Oregon, Dept. of Biology; Bibliography: p. 70-71

17. [Image] Preliminary report on the ground-water resources of the Klamath River Basin, Oregon


	The Klamath River basin, including the adjacent Lost River basin, includes about ?,5>OO square miles of plateaus, mountain-slopes and valley plains in south-central Oregon* The valley plains range in altitude ...
	Citation Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Preliminary report on the ground-water resources of the Klamath River Basin, Oregon Author: Newcomb, Reuben Clair Year: 1958, 2005 The Klamath River basin, including the adjacent Lost River basin, includes about ?,5>OO square miles of plateaus, mountain-slopes and valley plains in south-central Oregon* The valley plains range in altitude from about U,100 feet in the south to more than li,500 feet at the northern end; the mountain and plateau lands rise to an average altitude of 6,000 feet at the drainage divide, some peaks rising above 9000 feet. The western quarter of the ba3in is on the eastern slope of the Cascade Range and the remainder consists of plateaus, mountains, and valleys of the basin-and-range type The rocks of the Klamath River basin range in age from Recent to Mesozoic* At the southwest side of the basin in Oregon, pre~Tertiary metamorphic, igneous, and sedimentary rocks, which form extensive areas farther west, are overlain by sedimentary rocks of Eocene age and volcanic rocks of Eocene and Oligocene age* These early Tertiary rocks dip east toward the central part of the Klamath River basin. The complex "volcanic rocks of high Cascades" include three units: The lowest unit consists of a sequence of basaltic lava flows about 800 feet thick5 the medial unit is composed of volcanic-sedimentary and sedimentary rocks?the Tonna formation-200 to 2,000 feet thick; the uppermost unit is a sequence of basaltic lava flows commonly about 200 feet thick. These rocks dip east from the Cascade Unpublished records subject to revision 2 Range and are the main bedrock formations beneath most of the basin. Extensive pumice deposits, which emanated ^?^ ancestral Mount Mazaraa, cover large areas in the northwestern part of the basin* The basin has an overall synclinal structure open to the south at the California boundary where it continues as the Klamath Lake basin in California* The older rocks dip into the basin in monoclinal fashion from the adjoining drainage basins* The rocks are broken along rudely rectangular nets of closely spaced normal faults* the most prominent set of which trends northwest* The network of fault displacements includes two main grabens, the Klamath and the Langell, which were downthrown approximately ?00 and 1,000 fast, respectively* The average annual precipitation varies with the altitude, the higher parts of the Cascade Range getting more than 60 inches, and the semierid valley plains receive as little as 13 inches in some places* Most precipitation occurs in the winter. \ The principal tributaries, Williamson and Sprague Rivers, rise near the higher parts of the eastern rim of the basin, flow through narrow valley plains to the western part, and discharge into Upper Klamath Lake* Wood River and associated creeks also empty into Upper Klamath Lake after draining southward along the eastern foot of the Cascade Range* The Klamath River receives the outflow from Upper Klamath Lake, via Lifak River and Lake Ewauna, and flows southwestward through Keno Gap and hence through a youthful canyon, to its lower valley in California* The ground water occurs largely in an unconfined, or water-table, condition, though areas of local confinement are present* The regional Unpublished records subject to revis&oa is graded to water table / a base level about equal to that of the major drainage* where water is confined, on the valley plains. The slope of the water tafele, ~ of/the piezomstric surface is downstream at about the same grade as that "of the surface drainage in each of the larger valleys, attd groufidwater divides occur between the upper parts of adjacent major valleys The principal water-bearipg units are.the'lower lava rocks and upper lava rocks of the "volcanic rocks of high Cascades,* the pumice of Quaternaryage, and the allusriTuju In places layers of coarse flagmental material in the Tonna formation (Newcorub, 1958) also transmit water* The water-bearing units, especially the breccia layers of the lava rocks and the pumice, yield large amounts of water to wells and provide natural discharge outlets for the ground water. The spring outflows to the Williamson and Wood Rivers-Crooked Creek drainage, measured in September and October 1955, were at a rate equivalent to about 700,000 acre-feet per year. The spring outflows into the Sprague River were at a rate equal to 2l;5>000 apre-feet per year* Large springs occur along the edges of Upper Klamath Lake but their discharges could not be measured, and the known spring discharge from the lower lava rocks in the river canyon below Keno was not measured. The spring discharge into Lost River in the reach ?rom Bonanza to Harpold Bridge was at a rate equivalent to 75,000 acre-feet per year. Much of the water discharged from springs is used for irrigation during the growing season, but ground water has not been extensively Unpublished records subject to revision developed by means of wells except in the'Yonna Valley and other local areas. The total withdrawal of ground water from wells in 1951? was only about 30,000 acre-feet, of which 27,000 was used for irrigation* The ground water is of excellent quality in general, but sodium sulfate water occurs in the belts of warm rock along some faults and alkali bicarbonate water is present in the main evapotranspiration basins. Unpublished records subject to revision Title: Preliminary report on the ground-water resources of the Klamath River Basin, Oregon Author: Newcomb, Reuben Clair Year: 1958, 2005 The Klamath River basin, including the adjacent Lost River basin, includes about ?,5>OO square miles of plateaus, mountain-slopes and valley plains in south-central Oregon* The valley plains range in altitude from about U,100 feet in the south to more than li,500 feet at the northern end; the mountain and plateau lands rise to an average altitude of 6,000 feet at the drainage divide, some peaks rising above 9000 feet. The western quarter of the ba3in is on the eastern slope of the Cascade Range and the remainder consists of plateaus, mountains, and valleys of the basin-and-range type The rocks of the Klamath River basin range in age from Recent to Mesozoic* At the southwest side of the basin in Oregon, pre~Tertiary metamorphic, igneous, and sedimentary rocks, which form extensive areas farther west, are overlain by sedimentary rocks of Eocene age and volcanic rocks of Eocene and Oligocene age* These early Tertiary rocks dip east toward the central part of the Klamath River basin. The complex "volcanic rocks of high Cascades" include three units: The lowest unit consists of a sequence of basaltic lava flows about 800 feet thick5 the medial unit is composed of volcanic-sedimentary and sedimentary rocks?the Tonna formation-200 to 2,000 feet thick; the uppermost unit is a sequence of basaltic lava flows commonly about 200 feet thick. These rocks dip east from the Cascade Unpublished records subject to revision 2 Range and are the main bedrock formations beneath most of the basin. Extensive pumice deposits, which emanated ^?^ ancestral Mount Mazaraa, cover large areas in the northwestern part of the basin* The basin has an overall synclinal structure open to the south at the California boundary where it continues as the Klamath Lake basin in California* The older rocks dip into the basin in monoclinal fashion from the adjoining drainage basins* The rocks are broken along rudely rectangular nets of closely spaced normal faults* the most prominent set of which trends northwest* The network of fault displacements includes two main grabens, the Klamath and the Langell, which were downthrown approximately ?00 and 1,000 fast, respectively* The average annual precipitation varies with the altitude, the higher parts of the Cascade Range getting more than 60 inches, and the semierid valley plains receive as little as 13 inches in some places* Most precipitation occurs in the winter. \ The principal tributaries, Williamson and Sprague Rivers, rise near the higher parts of the eastern rim of the basin, flow through narrow valley plains to the western part, and discharge into Upper Klamath Lake* Wood River and associated creeks also empty into Upper Klamath Lake after draining southward along the eastern foot of the Cascade Range* The Klamath River receives the outflow from Upper Klamath Lake, via Lifak River and Lake Ewauna, and flows southwestward through Keno Gap and hence through a youthful canyon, to its lower valley in California* The ground water occurs largely in an unconfined, or water-table, condition, though areas of local confinement are present* The regional Unpublished records subject to revis&oa is graded to water table / a base level about equal to that of the major drainage* where water is confined, on the valley plains. The slope of the water tafele, ~ of/the piezomstric surface is downstream at about the same grade as that "of the surface drainage in each of the larger valleys, attd groufidwater divides occur between the upper parts of adjacent major valleys The principal water-bearipg units are.the'lower lava rocks and upper lava rocks of the "volcanic rocks of high Cascades,* the pumice of Quaternaryage, and the allusriTuju In places layers of coarse flagmental material in the Tonna formation (Newcorub, 1958) also transmit water* The water-bearing units, especially the breccia layers of the lava rocks and the pumice, yield large amounts of water to wells and provide natural discharge outlets for the ground water. The spring outflows to the Williamson and Wood Rivers-Crooked Creek drainage, measured in September and October 1955, were at a rate equivalent to about 700,000 acre-feet per year. The spring outflows into the Sprague River were at a rate equal to 2l;5>000 apre-feet per year* Large springs occur along the edges of Upper Klamath Lake but their discharges could not be measured, and the known spring discharge from the lower lava rocks in the river canyon below Keno was not measured. The spring discharge into Lost River in the reach ?rom Bonanza to Harpold Bridge was at a rate equivalent to 75,000 acre-feet per year. Much of the water discharged from springs is used for irrigation during the growing season, but ground water has not been extensively Unpublished records subject to revision developed by means of wells except in the'Yonna Valley and other local areas. The total withdrawal of ground water from wells in 1951? was only about 30,000 acre-feet, of which 27,000 was used for irrigation* The ground water is of excellent quality in general, but sodium sulfate water occurs in the belts of warm rock along some faults and alkali bicarbonate water is present in the main evapotranspiration basins. Unpublished records subject to revision

18. [Image] Initial effects of prescribed fire in a climax Pinus contorta forest: Crater Lake National Park


	ill., 1 map; "CPSU/UW81-4."
	Citation Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Initial effects of prescribed fire in a climax Pinus contorta forest: Crater Lake National Park Author: Agee, James K. Year: 1981, 2010 ill., 1 map; "CPSU/UW81-4." Title: Initial effects of prescribed fire in a climax Pinus contorta forest: Crater Lake National Park Author: Agee, James K. Year: 1981, 2010 ill., 1 map; "CPSU/UW81-4."

19. [Image] Failure Analysis Report: Geothermal Heating System Components, Oregon Institute of Technology, Klamath Falls, Oregon


	The results are presented of an examination of 17 samples obtained from various components of the subject geothermal heating system. The samples obtained for this study were selected to represent the several ...
	Citation Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Failure Analysis Report: Geothermal Heating System Components, Oregon Institute of Technology, Klamath Falls, Oregon Author: Mitchell, D.A. Year: 1979 The results are presented of an examination of 17 samples obtained from various components of the subject geothermal heating system. The samples obtained for this study were selected to represent the several materials of construction and equipment ages of the various components in this system. For purposes of this report, the samples have been grouped into three categories by material: ferrous, non-ferrous and non-metallic. Failures in these components have taken the form of leakage at solder joints, tubing perforation, scaling, or valve seizure. Most components evaluated in this examination have been in service for 14 years. This work documents these failures, discusses their causes and recommends possible remedial action Title: Failure Analysis Report: Geothermal Heating System Components, Oregon Institute of Technology, Klamath Falls, Oregon Author: Mitchell, D.A. Year: 1979 The results are presented of an examination of 17 samples obtained from various components of the subject geothermal heating system. The samples obtained for this study were selected to represent the several materials of construction and equipment ages of the various components in this system. For purposes of this report, the samples have been grouped into three categories by material: ferrous, non-ferrous and non-metallic. Failures in these components have taken the form of leakage at solder joints, tubing perforation, scaling, or valve seizure. Most components evaluated in this examination have been in service for 14 years. This work documents these failures, discusses their causes and recommends possible remedial action

20. [Image] Failure Analysis Report: Geothermal Heating System Components, Oregon Institute of Technology, Klamath Falls, Oregon


	The results are presented of an examination of 17 samples obtained from various components of the subject geothermal heating system. The samples obtained for this study were selected to represent the several ...
	Citation Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Failure Analysis Report: Geothermal Heating System Components, Oregon Institute of Technology, Klamath Falls, Oregon Author: Mitchell, D.A. Year: 1979 The results are presented of an examination of 17 samples obtained from various components of the subject geothermal heating system. The samples obtained for this study were selected to represent the several materials of construction and equipment ages of the various components in this system. For purposes of this report, the samples have been grouped into three categories by material: ferrous, non-ferrous and non-metallic. Failures in these components have taken the form of leakage at solder joints, tubing perforation, scaling, or valve seizure. Most components evaluated in this examination have been in service for 14 years. This work documents these failures, discusses their causes and recommends possible remedial action Title: Failure Analysis Report: Geothermal Heating System Components, Oregon Institute of Technology, Klamath Falls, Oregon Author: Mitchell, D.A. Year: 1979 The results are presented of an examination of 17 samples obtained from various components of the subject geothermal heating system. The samples obtained for this study were selected to represent the several materials of construction and equipment ages of the various components in this system. For purposes of this report, the samples have been grouped into three categories by material: ferrous, non-ferrous and non-metallic. Failures in these components have taken the form of leakage at solder joints, tubing perforation, scaling, or valve seizure. Most components evaluated in this examination have been in service for 14 years. This work documents these failures, discusses their causes and recommends possible remedial action

21. [Image] Petrographic Analysis and Correlation of Volcanic Rocks in Bostic 1-A Well near Mountain Home, Idaho


	Detailed examination of volcanic rock cuttings from the Bostic I-A well near Mountain Home, Idaho, provides data that correlate the stratigraphy of the well with the regional stratigraphy of the western ...
	Citation Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Petrographic Analysis and Correlation of Volcanic Rocks in Bostic 1-A Well near Mountain Home, Idaho Author: Arney, B. H. Year: 1984 Detailed examination of volcanic rock cuttings from the Bostic I-A well near Mountain Home, Idaho, provides data that correlate the stratigraphy of the well with the regional stratigraphy of the western Snake River Plain. The Bostic I-A well penetrates basalt of the Middle Pleistocene Bruneau Formation and underlying sedimentary rocks of the Upper Pliocene Glenns Ferry Formation. Basalt underlying the Glenns Ferry Formation is most likely Banbury Basalt of Middle Pliocene age or Banbury equivalent. A 350-ft interval of felsic volcanics is then intersected above another 600 ft of basalt. The well bottoms in altered felsic volcanics Title: Petrographic Analysis and Correlation of Volcanic Rocks in Bostic 1-A Well near Mountain Home, Idaho Author: Arney, B. H. Year: 1984 Detailed examination of volcanic rock cuttings from the Bostic I-A well near Mountain Home, Idaho, provides data that correlate the stratigraphy of the well with the regional stratigraphy of the western Snake River Plain. The Bostic I-A well penetrates basalt of the Middle Pleistocene Bruneau Formation and underlying sedimentary rocks of the Upper Pliocene Glenns Ferry Formation. Basalt underlying the Glenns Ferry Formation is most likely Banbury Basalt of Middle Pliocene age or Banbury equivalent. A 350-ft interval of felsic volcanics is then intersected above another 600 ft of basalt. The well bottoms in altered felsic volcanics

22. [Image] Market Feasibility Assessment of Four Development Projects


	This report is the result of work by the Center for Business and Economic Research (CBER), California State University, Chico, under contract with Fort Bidwell Indian Community Council (FBICC) to assess ...
	Citation Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Market Feasibility Assessment of Four Development Projects Author: The Center for Business and Economic Research Year: 1980 This report is the result of work by the Center for Business and Economic Research (CBER), California State University, Chico, under contract with Fort Bidwell Indian Community Council (FBICC) to assess the economic feasibility of four projects specified by FBICC: Freshwater Prawn Production; Hydroponic Rose Production; Christmas Tree Harvesting; and the Incentives and Impact of Attracting an Electronic Assembly Firm to Fort Bidwell Title: Market Feasibility Assessment of Four Development Projects Author: The Center for Business and Economic Research Year: 1980 This report is the result of work by the Center for Business and Economic Research (CBER), California State University, Chico, under contract with Fort Bidwell Indian Community Council (FBICC) to assess the economic feasibility of four projects specified by FBICC: Freshwater Prawn Production; Hydroponic Rose Production; Christmas Tree Harvesting; and the Incentives and Impact of Attracting an Electronic Assembly Firm to Fort Bidwell

23. [Image] Geothermal Exploration of the Puga and Chumathang Geothermal Fields, Ladakh, India


	Puga and Chumathang Geothermal fields are situated near the collided junction of the Indian and Asian Crystal plates and thermal activity in these fields is attributed to the widespread igneous activity ...
	Citation Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Geothermal Exploration of the Puga and Chumathang Geothermal Fields, Ladakh, India Author: Shanker, R. Puga and Chumathang Geothermal fields are situated near the collided junction of the Indian and Asian Crystal plates and thermal activity in these fields is attributed to the widespread igneous activity of Upper Cretaceous to late Tertiary age. A deep suture zone, recognised in between these two fields and the associated faults provide channels for the upward migration of the thermal fluids. High concentrations of Cl, F, Si02, B, Na, Li, Rb, Cs in thermal fluids signify contribution of magmatic bodies towards heat, and fluid supply. These fields are characterized by high heat flow conditions (13 HFU), abnormal shallow geothermal gradients (0.7 - 2.5 c/m) , high base temperature (220 - 270 C) as obtained by alkalia and Ne-K-Ca geothermometry and low resistivity values (2-20 ohm.m.). Low resistivity zones occupy on an area of three and one sq.km. and extend down to maximum depths of 300 m. and 130 m. at Puga and Chumathang respectively. Shallow drilling (28-130 m.) has established the existence of wet steam reservoirs under moderate pressure (2-4.5 kg/cm^2). Hot fluid (95-135 C) discharges from eight flowing wells ranged from 7.5 to 30 t/h. These thermal fluids are stored in the partly consolidated fluvioglacial deposits of Quarternary to Recent age. The occurrence of a limestone layer in the country rock at Puga brightens the prospects of getting good reservoir at depth. In both these fields two aquifers have been recognised, each having sizeable potential for retaining ground water. The ground water recharge is mainly through snow melt from glaciers in the case of Puga field and principally from Indus river in the case of Chumathangfield Title: Geothermal Exploration of the Puga and Chumathang Geothermal Fields, Ladakh, India Author: Shanker, R. Puga and Chumathang Geothermal fields are situated near the collided junction of the Indian and Asian Crystal plates and thermal activity in these fields is attributed to the widespread igneous activity of Upper Cretaceous to late Tertiary age. A deep suture zone, recognised in between these two fields and the associated faults provide channels for the upward migration of the thermal fluids. High concentrations of Cl, F, Si02, B, Na, Li, Rb, Cs in thermal fluids signify contribution of magmatic bodies towards heat, and fluid supply. These fields are characterized by high heat flow conditions (13 HFU), abnormal shallow geothermal gradients (0.7 - 2.5 c/m) , high base temperature (220 - 270 C) as obtained by alkalia and Ne-K-Ca geothermometry and low resistivity values (2-20 ohm.m.). Low resistivity zones occupy on an area of three and one sq.km. and extend down to maximum depths of 300 m. and 130 m. at Puga and Chumathang respectively. Shallow drilling (28-130 m.) has established the existence of wet steam reservoirs under moderate pressure (2-4.5 kg/cm^2). Hot fluid (95-135 C) discharges from eight flowing wells ranged from 7.5 to 30 t/h. These thermal fluids are stored in the partly consolidated fluvioglacial deposits of Quarternary to Recent age. The occurrence of a limestone layer in the country rock at Puga brightens the prospects of getting good reservoir at depth. In both these fields two aquifers have been recognised, each having sizeable potential for retaining ground water. The ground water recharge is mainly through snow melt from glaciers in the case of Puga field and principally from Indus river in the case of Chumathangfield

24. [Image] The Economics of America's Energy Future


	The U. S. will not only have to increase supplies of conventional fuels and take determined conservation measures, but will also have to coax gas and even synthetic crude oil from the abundant reserves ...
	Citation Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The Economics of America's Energy Future Author: Simmons, H. Year: 1975 The U. S. will not only have to increase supplies of conventional fuels and take determined conservation measures, but will also have to coax gas and even synthetic crude oil from the abundant reserves of coal. It may have to extract crude oil from oil shale in the West. There is the possibility in some areas that geothermal power could be tapped on a broad scale and that the sun and winds could be harnessed in a variety of ingenious ways to meet a significant share of the energy requirement. Nuclear power will need to be accelerated including the use of new and more efficient types of reactors. We will also need to develop thermonuclear fusion reactors which would be fueled ultimately by virtually inexhaustible heavy hydrogen in seawater. More efficient processes to convert energy to useful power will be necessary. There will also have to be a sharp improvement in the efficiency of using energy, and this calls for smaller automobiles, better insulation for buildings, refrigerators and air conditioners that provide more cooling per kilowatt-hour, and even pots and pans that capture more heat from the gas ring on the stove. The U. S. will not return to its golden age of energy even if it uses all these measures and even if many of them succeed. Energy can no longer be as cheap or abundant as it has been in the past. At the same time, the end of the golden age does not mean an end to the American dream of a life of dignity and opportunity for all. We may discover that these objectives are not embodied in 300-horsepower automobiles or centrally air-conditioned homes. Perhaps our life-style may be altered by harsh new facts of energy scarcity and significantly higher costs in the marketplace, but our national character and particularly the adaptive and "can-do" qualities that have served us so well in the past will be major intangible assets in coping with our energy problems Title: The Economics of America's Energy Future Author: Simmons, H. Year: 1975 The U. S. will not only have to increase supplies of conventional fuels and take determined conservation measures, but will also have to coax gas and even synthetic crude oil from the abundant reserves of coal. It may have to extract crude oil from oil shale in the West. There is the possibility in some areas that geothermal power could be tapped on a broad scale and that the sun and winds could be harnessed in a variety of ingenious ways to meet a significant share of the energy requirement. Nuclear power will need to be accelerated including the use of new and more efficient types of reactors. We will also need to develop thermonuclear fusion reactors which would be fueled ultimately by virtually inexhaustible heavy hydrogen in seawater. More efficient processes to convert energy to useful power will be necessary. There will also have to be a sharp improvement in the efficiency of using energy, and this calls for smaller automobiles, better insulation for buildings, refrigerators and air conditioners that provide more cooling per kilowatt-hour, and even pots and pans that capture more heat from the gas ring on the stove. The U. S. will not return to its golden age of energy even if it uses all these measures and even if many of them succeed. Energy can no longer be as cheap or abundant as it has been in the past. At the same time, the end of the golden age does not mean an end to the American dream of a life of dignity and opportunity for all. We may discover that these objectives are not embodied in 300-horsepower automobiles or centrally air-conditioned homes. Perhaps our life-style may be altered by harsh new facts of energy scarcity and significantly higher costs in the marketplace, but our national character and particularly the adaptive and "can-do" qualities that have served us so well in the past will be major intangible assets in coping with our energy problems

25. [Image] Geothermal Reservoir Categorization and Stimulation Study


	Analyses of the fraction of geothermal wells that are dry (dry-hole fraction) indicate that geothermal reservoirs can be fitted into four basic categories: (i) Quaternary to late Tertiary sediments (almost ...
	Citation Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Geothermal Reservoir Categorization and Stimulation Study Author: Overton, H.L. Year: 1977 Analyses of the fraction of geothermal wells that are dry (dry-hole fraction) indicate that geothermal reservoirs can be fitted into four basic categories: (i) Quaternary to late Tertiary sediments (almost no dry holes); (ii) Quaternary to late Tertiary extrusives (approximately 20 percent dry holes); (iii) Mesozoic or older metamorphic rocks (approximately 25-30 percent dry holes); and (iv) Precambrian or younger rocks (data limited to Roosevelt Springs where 33 percent of the wells were dry). Failure of geothermal wells to flow economically is due mainly to low-permeability formations in unfractured regions. Generally the permeability correlates inversely with the temperature-age product and directly with the original rock porosity and pore size. However, this correlation fails whenever high-stress fields provide vertical fracturing or faulting, and it is the high-stress/low-permeability category that is most amenable to artificial stimulation by hydraulic fracturing, propellant fracturing, or chemical explosive fracturing. Category (i) geothermal fields (e.g., Cerro Prieto, Mexico; Niland, CA; East Mesa, CA) are not recommended for artificial stimulation because these younger sediments almost always produce warm or hot water. Most geothermal fields fit into category (ii) (e.g., Wairakei, New Zealand; Matsukawa, Japan; Ahuachapan, El Salvador) and in the case of Mt. Home, ID, and Chandler, AZ, possess some potential for stimulation. The Geysers is a category (iii) field, and its highly stressed brittle rocks should make this site amenable to stimulation by explosive fracturing techniques. Roosevelt Springs, UT, Well 9-1 is in category (iv) and is a flow failure. It represents a prime candidate for stimulation by hydraulic fracturing because it has a measured temperature of 227/sup 0/C, is cased and available for experimentation, and is within 900 m of an excellent geothermal producing well Title: Geothermal Reservoir Categorization and Stimulation Study Author: Overton, H.L. Year: 1977 Analyses of the fraction of geothermal wells that are dry (dry-hole fraction) indicate that geothermal reservoirs can be fitted into four basic categories: (i) Quaternary to late Tertiary sediments (almost no dry holes); (ii) Quaternary to late Tertiary extrusives (approximately 20 percent dry holes); (iii) Mesozoic or older metamorphic rocks (approximately 25-30 percent dry holes); and (iv) Precambrian or younger rocks (data limited to Roosevelt Springs where 33 percent of the wells were dry). Failure of geothermal wells to flow economically is due mainly to low-permeability formations in unfractured regions. Generally the permeability correlates inversely with the temperature-age product and directly with the original rock porosity and pore size. However, this correlation fails whenever high-stress fields provide vertical fracturing or faulting, and it is the high-stress/low-permeability category that is most amenable to artificial stimulation by hydraulic fracturing, propellant fracturing, or chemical explosive fracturing. Category (i) geothermal fields (e.g., Cerro Prieto, Mexico; Niland, CA; East Mesa, CA) are not recommended for artificial stimulation because these younger sediments almost always produce warm or hot water. Most geothermal fields fit into category (ii) (e.g., Wairakei, New Zealand; Matsukawa, Japan; Ahuachapan, El Salvador) and in the case of Mt. Home, ID, and Chandler, AZ, possess some potential for stimulation. The Geysers is a category (iii) field, and its highly stressed brittle rocks should make this site amenable to stimulation by explosive fracturing techniques. Roosevelt Springs, UT, Well 9-1 is in category (iv) and is a flow failure. It represents a prime candidate for stimulation by hydraulic fracturing because it has a measured temperature of 227/sup 0/C, is cased and available for experimentation, and is within 900 m of an excellent geothermal producing well

26. [Image] Annual report, Klamath River fisheries assessment program : juvenile salmonid trapping on the mainstem Trinity River at Willow Creek and on the Klamath River at Big Bar, 1990


	ABSTRACT This report details the third year of Klamath River basin juvenile salmonid fishery investigations and represents the second year of sampling with rotary screw traps. Two traps, positioned side ...
	Citation Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Annual report, Klamath River fisheries assessment program : juvenile salmonid trapping on the mainstem Trinity River at Willow Creek and on the Klamath River at Big Bar, 1990 Author: Craig, James L. Year: 1992, 2005 ABSTRACT This report details the third year of Klamath River basin juvenile salmonid fishery investigations and represents the second year of sampling with rotary screw traps. Two traps, positioned side to side, were used at both the Klamath and Trinity River sites. The traps on the Klamath River were located at Big Bar (rkm 81) and began operation in March. The traps operated until July 10 and 18 sampling 38 and 31 nights respectively. Combined catch included 333 chinook (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) , 178 steelhead (O^ mykiss) , and 30 coho (O^ kisutch) . No appreciable difference in mean catch or mean fork length of catch between the two traps was found. Peak weekly chinook catch effort, as an indicator of peak emigration, occurred the week of June 18 to 24. A total of five (1.5%) Ad-clip chinook were captured. A contribution of 134 (40%) hatchery chinook and 199 (60%) natural stock chinook was estimated for the total chinook captured. Mean migration rate for IGH Ad-clip chinook was 5. Title: Annual report, Klamath River fisheries assessment program : juvenile salmonid trapping on the mainstem Trinity River at Willow Creek and on the Klamath River at Big Bar, 1990 Author: Craig, James L. Year: 1992, 2005 ABSTRACT This report details the third year of Klamath River basin juvenile salmonid fishery investigations and represents the second year of sampling with rotary screw traps. Two traps, positioned side to side, were used at both the Klamath and Trinity River sites. The traps on the Klamath River were located at Big Bar (rkm 81) and began operation in March. The traps operated until July 10 and 18 sampling 38 and 31 nights respectively. Combined catch included 333 chinook (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) , 178 steelhead (O^ mykiss) , and 30 coho (O^ kisutch) . No appreciable difference in mean catch or mean fork length of catch between the two traps was found. Peak weekly chinook catch effort, as an indicator of peak emigration, occurred the week of June 18 to 24. A total of five (1.5%) Ad-clip chinook were captured. A contribution of 134 (40%) hatchery chinook and 199 (60%) natural stock chinook was estimated for the total chinook captured. Mean migration rate for IGH Ad-clip chinook was 5.

27. [Image] Reproductive biology and demographics of endangered Lost River and shortnose suckers in Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon


	We analyzed the reproductive biology and demographics of the Lost River sucker Deltistes luxatus and shortnose sucker Chasmistes brevirostris, two endangered species endemic to the upper Klamath Basin ...
	Citation Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Reproductive biology and demographics of endangered Lost River and shortnose suckers in Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon Author: Perkins, David L.; Scoppettone, Gary; Buettner, Mark Year: 2000, 2005 We analyzed the reproductive biology and demographics of the Lost River sucker Deltistes luxatus and shortnose sucker Chasmistes brevirostris, two endangered species endemic to the upper Klamath Basin of Oregon and California, from 1984-1997. Lost River suckers had distinct river and lake shoreline spawning stocks, and individuals of both species commonly spawned in consecutive years. In the Williamson River and lower Sprague River, spawning migration by both species occurred mainly during a 5-week period that started within the first three weeks of April and peaked between mid April and early May, although a separate, earlier (mid March) run of Lost River suckers may also spawn in the upper Sprague River. Migration of both species was several times higher at dawn (0500-0730 h) and evening (1800-2200 h) than other times of the day. Peak migrations almost always corresponded to peaks in water temperature, usually at 10-15°C. Lost River suckers were captured at springs along the east shore of the lake from late February through mid May, with peak spawning usually in mid March to mid April. Shortnose suckers were generally captured at the springs from late March through late May, but the time of peak spawning was not determined. Size and age at maturity was determined by recruitment from a strong year class (1991). Male Lost River suckers began recruitment into the adult population at age 4+ (375-475 mm). Substantial recruitment of females did not begin until age 7+ (510-560 mm). Male and female shortnose suckers began recruitment at age 4+, with the majority offish recruited by age 5+. Males recruited at 270-370 mm; females recruited at 325-425 mm. Fecundity estimates were quite variable ranging from 44,000-236,000 eggs per female Lost River sucker and 18,000-72,000 eggs per female shortnose sucker. In 1984 and 1985, the spawning populations of both species were dominated by large, old individuals, with little indication of recent adult recruitment. In the next 13 years, only one strong year class (1991) recruited into the spawning populations of both species. This year class temporarily boosted population numbers, but annual fish kills from 1995 to 1997 eliminated most adults of both species. Associated with poor water quality caused by the proliferation and decay of blue-green algae Aphanizomenonflos-aquae, these fish kills raise concern that alterations to the lake ecosystem over the past several decades have Perkins et al. Lost River and shortnose suckers 5 increased the magnitude and frequency of poor water quality. As a result, mortality rates of all life stages may have increased, thereby disrupting the species' life history pattern and potentially decreasing long-term population viability. Introduction The Lost River sucker Deltistes luxatus and shortnose sucker Chasmistes brevirostris are large, long-lived suckers endemic to the upper Klamath Basin of Oregon and California. Both species are typically lake dwelling but migrate to tributaries or shoreline springs to spawn (Moyle 1976, Scoppettone and Vinyard 1991). Once extremely abundant (Cope 1884, Gilbert 1898), both species have experienced severe population declines and were federally listed as endangered in 1988 (USFWS 1988). Much of the original habitat of these suckers has been destroyed or altered by conversion of lake areas to agriculture, dams, instream flow diversions, and water quality problems associated with timber harvest, loss of riparian vegetation, livestock grazing, and agricultural practices (USFWS 1988). Knowledge of the life history of Lost River and shortnose suckers is fundamental to recovery of these species. The objective of this report was to present the results of studies conducted from 1987-1998 on the reproductive biology and demographics of Lost River and shortnose suckers, and to compare these results with earlier unpublished data. Study Sites Studies were conducted on Upper Klamath Lake and the lower Williamson-Sprague river system (Figure 1). These waters form the upper portion of the Klamath River Basin in south-central Oregon and represent most remaining native habitat of Lost River and shortnose suckers. Upper Klamath Lake is a remnant of pluvial Lake Modoc that included eight major basins and encompassed 2,839 km2 (Dicken 1980). Today, Upper Klamath Lake serves as a storage reservoir that provides water for agricultural irrigation, waterfowl refuges, instream flow requirements of anadromous fish, and hydroelectric power generation. At full capacity, the lake covers approximately 360 km2 and has an average depth of 2.4 m. Most deeper water (3-12 m) is restricted to narrow trenches along the western shore. Lake elevation is controlled at the outlet by Link River Title: Reproductive biology and demographics of endangered Lost River and shortnose suckers in Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon Author: Perkins, David L.; Scoppettone, Gary; Buettner, Mark Year: 2000, 2005 We analyzed the reproductive biology and demographics of the Lost River sucker Deltistes luxatus and shortnose sucker Chasmistes brevirostris, two endangered species endemic to the upper Klamath Basin of Oregon and California, from 1984-1997. Lost River suckers had distinct river and lake shoreline spawning stocks, and individuals of both species commonly spawned in consecutive years. In the Williamson River and lower Sprague River, spawning migration by both species occurred mainly during a 5-week period that started within the first three weeks of April and peaked between mid April and early May, although a separate, earlier (mid March) run of Lost River suckers may also spawn in the upper Sprague River. Migration of both species was several times higher at dawn (0500-0730 h) and evening (1800-2200 h) than other times of the day. Peak migrations almost always corresponded to peaks in water temperature, usually at 10-15°C. Lost River suckers were captured at springs along the east shore of the lake from late February through mid May, with peak spawning usually in mid March to mid April. Shortnose suckers were generally captured at the springs from late March through late May, but the time of peak spawning was not determined. Size and age at maturity was determined by recruitment from a strong year class (1991). Male Lost River suckers began recruitment into the adult population at age 4+ (375-475 mm). Substantial recruitment of females did not begin until age 7+ (510-560 mm). Male and female shortnose suckers began recruitment at age 4+, with the majority offish recruited by age 5+. Males recruited at 270-370 mm; females recruited at 325-425 mm. Fecundity estimates were quite variable ranging from 44,000-236,000 eggs per female Lost River sucker and 18,000-72,000 eggs per female shortnose sucker. In 1984 and 1985, the spawning populations of both species were dominated by large, old individuals, with little indication of recent adult recruitment. In the next 13 years, only one strong year class (1991) recruited into the spawning populations of both species. This year class temporarily boosted population numbers, but annual fish kills from 1995 to 1997 eliminated most adults of both species. Associated with poor water quality caused by the proliferation and decay of blue-green algae Aphanizomenonflos-aquae, these fish kills raise concern that alterations to the lake ecosystem over the past several decades have Perkins et al. Lost River and shortnose suckers 5 increased the magnitude and frequency of poor water quality. As a result, mortality rates of all life stages may have increased, thereby disrupting the species' life history pattern and potentially decreasing long-term population viability. Introduction The Lost River sucker Deltistes luxatus and shortnose sucker Chasmistes brevirostris are large, long-lived suckers endemic to the upper Klamath Basin of Oregon and California. Both species are typically lake dwelling but migrate to tributaries or shoreline springs to spawn (Moyle 1976, Scoppettone and Vinyard 1991). Once extremely abundant (Cope 1884, Gilbert 1898), both species have experienced severe population declines and were federally listed as endangered in 1988 (USFWS 1988). Much of the original habitat of these suckers has been destroyed or altered by conversion of lake areas to agriculture, dams, instream flow diversions, and water quality problems associated with timber harvest, loss of riparian vegetation, livestock grazing, and agricultural practices (USFWS 1988). Knowledge of the life history of Lost River and shortnose suckers is fundamental to recovery of these species. The objective of this report was to present the results of studies conducted from 1987-1998 on the reproductive biology and demographics of Lost River and shortnose suckers, and to compare these results with earlier unpublished data. Study Sites Studies were conducted on Upper Klamath Lake and the lower Williamson-Sprague river system (Figure 1). These waters form the upper portion of the Klamath River Basin in south-central Oregon and represent most remaining native habitat of Lost River and shortnose suckers. Upper Klamath Lake is a remnant of pluvial Lake Modoc that included eight major basins and encompassed 2,839 km2 (Dicken 1980). Today, Upper Klamath Lake serves as a storage reservoir that provides water for agricultural irrigation, waterfowl refuges, instream flow requirements of anadromous fish, and hydroelectric power generation. At full capacity, the lake covers approximately 360 km2 and has an average depth of 2.4 m. Most deeper water (3-12 m) is restricted to narrow trenches along the western shore. Lake elevation is controlled at the outlet by Link River

28. [Image] Geology and ground-water resources of the Swan Lake-Yonna Valleys area, Klamath County, Oregon


	Abstract The Swan Lake-Yonna Valleys area consists of two intermountain valleys with their subordinate side valleys adjoining slopes, and mountainous boundary ridges, In all the area covered is about 256 ...
	Citation Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Geology and ground-water resources of the Swan Lake-Yonna Valleys area, Klamath County, Oregon Author: Meyers, Joseph D. Year: 1952, 2007, 2005 Abstract The Swan Lake-Yonna Valleys area consists of two intermountain valleys with their subordinate side valleys adjoining slopes, and mountainous boundary ridges, In all the area covered is about 256 square miles but the essential agricultural sections are restricted to the floors of Swan Lake and Yonna valleys with their respective subsidiary extensions of Pine Flats and Alkali Lake flats, a valley-floor area totaling about 90 square miles The floors of Swan Lake Valley and Yonna Valley lie at an altitude of about U52OO feet but the mountainous boundary ridges rise generally to 6000 feeto Yonna Valley is largely drained to Lost River by Buck Creek but also in part to Alkali Lakeo Swan Lake Valley and Pine Flats have only internal drainage. The Swan Lake Valley floor is the top of a deep alluvial fill, while Yonna Valley floor is mainly an erosional surface sloping to lines of through drainage Precipitation is about lit inches annually on the valley floors 9 but must be much more, possibly 18 to 24 inches, on the higher parts of the drainage basins. The growing season is short and killing frosts do occur in late spring and early fall. The rock units forming the bedrock structure of the area are consolidated or semiconsolidated rocks of Tertiary age and are largely of volcanic-flow and volcanic-sedimentary originc They consist of three main elements, a lower lava-rock unit, a sedimentary and volcanic-sedimentary unit, and an upper lava-rock unito The unconsolidated deposits are the older alluvium of Quaternary (and in part of late-Tertiary) age and the younger alluvium of Quaternary age0 The bedrock is faulted and deformed particularly so along a northwest-southeast set of fault lines that have given a remarkable linearity to the topography. Unpublished records subject to revision Ground water occurs below a regional water table that slopes south-ward to the level of the Lost Rivero The upper lava rocks and the lower lava rocks contain the principal permeable zones that occur beneath the areao Breccia and other porous zones in those rocks in places yield water to wells at a rate as large as 35OOO gallons per minute with but 1 or 2 feet of drawdowno The economical construction of irrigation wells requires the determination of the best possible location at which those rocks may be tapped at shallow depth below the level of the water tableo The ground water in general relatively low in dissolved mineral matter and is but slightly to moderately hard and would be considered chemically satisfactory for most uaeso Irrigation is the principal use of the ground water in the area north of the Horsefly Irrigation Districto There 3? wells supplied about 6,000 acre-feet of water to about 3800 acres of land in 1950. Water-level records obtained since 19U8 and approximations of the probable annual recharge from precipitation indicate that the present withdrawals are considerably less than the annual increment of the ground-water recharge, Rough estimates indicate that an increase in withdrawals of as much as 100 percent or more can take place before ground-water levels, by a persistent lowering, will begin to indicate that the annual replenishment is being exceeded. Title: Geology and ground-water resources of the Swan Lake-Yonna Valleys area, Klamath County, Oregon Author: Meyers, Joseph D. Year: 1952, 2007, 2005 Abstract The Swan Lake-Yonna Valleys area consists of two intermountain valleys with their subordinate side valleys adjoining slopes, and mountainous boundary ridges, In all the area covered is about 256 square miles but the essential agricultural sections are restricted to the floors of Swan Lake and Yonna valleys with their respective subsidiary extensions of Pine Flats and Alkali Lake flats, a valley-floor area totaling about 90 square miles The floors of Swan Lake Valley and Yonna Valley lie at an altitude of about U52OO feet but the mountainous boundary ridges rise generally to 6000 feeto Yonna Valley is largely drained to Lost River by Buck Creek but also in part to Alkali Lakeo Swan Lake Valley and Pine Flats have only internal drainage. The Swan Lake Valley floor is the top of a deep alluvial fill, while Yonna Valley floor is mainly an erosional surface sloping to lines of through drainage Precipitation is about lit inches annually on the valley floors 9 but must be much more, possibly 18 to 24 inches, on the higher parts of the drainage basins. The growing season is short and killing frosts do occur in late spring and early fall. The rock units forming the bedrock structure of the area are consolidated or semiconsolidated rocks of Tertiary age and are largely of volcanic-flow and volcanic-sedimentary originc They consist of three main elements, a lower lava-rock unit, a sedimentary and volcanic-sedimentary unit, and an upper lava-rock unito The unconsolidated deposits are the older alluvium of Quaternary (and in part of late-Tertiary) age and the younger alluvium of Quaternary age0 The bedrock is faulted and deformed particularly so along a northwest-southeast set of fault lines that have given a remarkable linearity to the topography. Unpublished records subject to revision Ground water occurs below a regional water table that slopes south-ward to the level of the Lost Rivero The upper lava rocks and the lower lava rocks contain the principal permeable zones that occur beneath the areao Breccia and other porous zones in those rocks in places yield water to wells at a rate as large as 35OOO gallons per minute with but 1 or 2 feet of drawdowno The economical construction of irrigation wells requires the determination of the best possible location at which those rocks may be tapped at shallow depth below the level of the water tableo The ground water in general relatively low in dissolved mineral matter and is but slightly to moderately hard and would be considered chemically satisfactory for most uaeso Irrigation is the principal use of the ground water in the area north of the Horsefly Irrigation Districto There 3? wells supplied about 6,000 acre-feet of water to about 3800 acres of land in 1950. Water-level records obtained since 19U8 and approximations of the probable annual recharge from precipitation indicate that the present withdrawals are considerably less than the annual increment of the ground-water recharge, Rough estimates indicate that an increase in withdrawals of as much as 100 percent or more can take place before ground-water levels, by a persistent lowering, will begin to indicate that the annual replenishment is being exceeded.

29. [Image] Vegetation and fire history of Ponderosa Pine - White Fir forest in Crater Lake National Park


	ill., maps; Typescript (photocopy); Thesis (M.S.)-Oregon State University, 1975; Includes bibliographical references (leaves 120-127)
	Citation Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Vegetation and fire history of Ponderosa Pine - White Fir forest in Crater Lake National Park Author: McNeil, Robert Curlan Year: 1975, 2009, 2010 ill., maps; Typescript (photocopy); Thesis (M.S.)-Oregon State University, 1975; Includes bibliographical references (leaves 120-127) Title: Vegetation and fire history of Ponderosa Pine - White Fir forest in Crater Lake National Park Author: McNeil, Robert Curlan Year: 1975, 2009, 2010 ill., maps; Typescript (photocopy); Thesis (M.S.)-Oregon State University, 1975; Includes bibliographical references (leaves 120-127)

30. [Image] Fire-insect-disease relationships of a lodgepole pine ecosystem in south-central Oregon


	ill.; "July 1985."; "Final report on National Science Foundation Grant DEB-8109813"-- Cover; Includes offprints of several project-related publications by the authors; Includes bibliographical referen...
	Citation Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Fire-insect-disease relationships of a lodgepole pine ecosystem in south-central Oregon Author: Gara, Robert I. Year: 1985, 2008 ill.; "July 1985."; "Final report on National Science Foundation Grant DEB-8109813"-- Cover; Includes offprints of several project-related publications by the authors; Includes bibliographical references Title: Fire-insect-disease relationships of a lodgepole pine ecosystem in south-central Oregon Author: Gara, Robert I. Year: 1985, 2008 ill.; "July 1985."; "Final report on National Science Foundation Grant DEB-8109813"-- Cover; Includes offprints of several project-related publications by the authors; Includes bibliographical references

31. [Image] Multicomponent chemical equilibrium modeling of the fluids and U-TH geochrnology of authigenic mineralization in geothermal systems


	ill., maps; Typescript (photocopy); Presented to the Department of Geological Sciences and the Graduate School of the University of Oregon in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of ...
	Citation Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Multicomponent chemical equilibrium modeling of the fluids and U-TH geochrnology of authigenic mineralization in geothermal systems Author: Hull, Carter Dean Year: 1990, 2009 ill., maps; Typescript (photocopy); Presented to the Department of Geological Sciences and the Graduate School of the University of Oregon in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy; Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 1990; Includes bibliographical references (leaves 157-164) Title: Multicomponent chemical equilibrium modeling of the fluids and U-TH geochrnology of authigenic mineralization in geothermal systems Author: Hull, Carter Dean Year: 1990, 2009 ill., maps; Typescript (photocopy); Presented to the Department of Geological Sciences and the Graduate School of the University of Oregon in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy; Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 1990; Includes bibliographical references (leaves 157-164)

32. [Image] Geologic and hydrologic characterization and evaluation of the Basin and Range Province relative to the disposal of high-level radioactive waste [part 3 geologic and hydrologic evaluation]


	SUMMARY This report describes the first phase in evaluating the geology and hydrology of the Basin and Range Province for potential suitability of geohydrologic environments for isolation of high-level ...
	Citation Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Geologic and hydrologic characterization and evaluation of the Basin and Range Province relative to the disposal of high-level radioactive waste [part 3 geologic and hydrologic evaluation] Author: Bedinger, M. S.; Sargent, Kenneth A.; Reed, J. E. Year: 2008, 2005 SUMMARY This report describes the first phase in evaluating the geology and hydrology of the Basin and Range Province for potential suitability of geohydrologic environments for isolation of high-level radioactive waste. The evaluation of the Province applies the guidelines, discussed in Part I (Bedinger, Sargent, and Reed, 1983) of this report to the geologic and hydrologic information compiled for the Province in Part II (Sargent and Bedinger, 1983). The geologic and hydrologic factors considered in the Province evaluation include distribution of potential host rocks, tectonic conditions and data on ground-water hydrology. Potential host media considered include argillaceous rocks, tuff, basaltic rocks, granitic rocks, evaporites, and the unsaturated zone. The tectonic factors considered are Quaternary faults, late Cenozoic volcanics, seismic activity, heat flow, and late Cenozoic rates of vertical uplift. Hydrologic conditions considered include length of flow path from potential host rocks to discharge areas, interbasin and geothermal flow systems and thick unsaturated sections as potential host media. The Basin and Range Province was divided into 12 subprovinces; each subprovince is evaluated separately and prospective areas for further study are identified. About one-half of the Province appears to have combinations of potential host rocks, tectonic conditions, and ground-water hydrology that merit consideration for further study. The prospective areas for further study in each subprovince are summarized in a brief list of the potentially favorable factors and the issues of concern. Data compiled for the entire Province do not permit a complete evaluation of the f avorability for high-level waste isolation. The evaluations here are intended to identify broad regions that contain potential geohydrologic environments containing multiple natural barriers to radionu-clide migration. Title: Geologic and hydrologic characterization and evaluation of the Basin and Range Province relative to the disposal of high-level radioactive waste [part 3 geologic and hydrologic evaluation] Author: Bedinger, M. S.; Sargent, Kenneth A.; Reed, J. E. Year: 2008, 2005 SUMMARY This report describes the first phase in evaluating the geology and hydrology of the Basin and Range Province for potential suitability of geohydrologic environments for isolation of high-level radioactive waste. The evaluation of the Province applies the guidelines, discussed in Part I (Bedinger, Sargent, and Reed, 1983) of this report to the geologic and hydrologic information compiled for the Province in Part II (Sargent and Bedinger, 1983). The geologic and hydrologic factors considered in the Province evaluation include distribution of potential host rocks, tectonic conditions and data on ground-water hydrology. Potential host media considered include argillaceous rocks, tuff, basaltic rocks, granitic rocks, evaporites, and the unsaturated zone. The tectonic factors considered are Quaternary faults, late Cenozoic volcanics, seismic activity, heat flow, and late Cenozoic rates of vertical uplift. Hydrologic conditions considered include length of flow path from potential host rocks to discharge areas, interbasin and geothermal flow systems and thick unsaturated sections as potential host media. The Basin and Range Province was divided into 12 subprovinces; each subprovince is evaluated separately and prospective areas for further study are identified. About one-half of the Province appears to have combinations of potential host rocks, tectonic conditions, and ground-water hydrology that merit consideration for further study. The prospective areas for further study in each subprovince are summarized in a brief list of the potentially favorable factors and the issues of concern. Data compiled for the entire Province do not permit a complete evaluation of the f avorability for high-level waste isolation. The evaluations here are intended to identify broad regions that contain potential geohydrologic environments containing multiple natural barriers to radionu-clide migration.

33. [Image] Geophysical Lineaments of Arizona


	Photolineaments seen on satellite images are usually expressions of deep crustal ruptures. However, photolineaments are omnipresent and an independent expression of regional discontinuities is needed to ...
	Citation Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Geophysical Lineaments of Arizona Author: Lepley, L.K. Year: 1979 Photolineaments seen on satellite images are usually expressions of deep crustal ruptures. However, photolineaments are omnipresent and an independent expression of regional discontinuities is needed to help rank the photolineaments. Published gravity and magnetic contour maps of Arizona were analyzed to produce a single geophysical lineament map to indicate trends of regional basement structures. This map shows that the southwestern quarter of Arizona is dominated by a NNW-ENE orthogonal system whereas the remainder of the state is gridded by a NW-NE system. North-south systems are present throughout the state, as are EW lineaments. Arizona is transected by the WNW Texas Strand, but other shorter systems trending in the Texas direction are found throughout the state south of the Strand. The major lineament systems as seen on Landsat, gravity, and magnetic maps correlate reasonably Well with known geothermal manifestations. Many other systems are Precambrian, Paleozoic, and/or Mesozoic in age but appear to control the location of Quaternary Volcanic systems Title: Geophysical Lineaments of Arizona Author: Lepley, L.K. Year: 1979 Photolineaments seen on satellite images are usually expressions of deep crustal ruptures. However, photolineaments are omnipresent and an independent expression of regional discontinuities is needed to help rank the photolineaments. Published gravity and magnetic contour maps of Arizona were analyzed to produce a single geophysical lineament map to indicate trends of regional basement structures. This map shows that the southwestern quarter of Arizona is dominated by a NNW-ENE orthogonal system whereas the remainder of the state is gridded by a NW-NE system. North-south systems are present throughout the state, as are EW lineaments. Arizona is transected by the WNW Texas Strand, but other shorter systems trending in the Texas direction are found throughout the state south of the Strand. The major lineament systems as seen on Landsat, gravity, and magnetic maps correlate reasonably Well with known geothermal manifestations. Many other systems are Precambrian, Paleozoic, and/or Mesozoic in age but appear to control the location of Quaternary Volcanic systems

34. [Image] Hawaii Geothermal Resource Assessment Program: western state cooperative direct heat resource assessment, Phase I. Final report


	A regional geothermal resource assessment has been conducted for the major islands in the Hawaiian chain. The assessment was made through the compilation and evaluation of the readily accessible geological, ...
	Citation Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Hawaii Geothermal Resource Assessment Program: western state cooperative direct heat resource assessment, Phase I. Final report Year: 1978 A regional geothermal resource assessment has been conducted for the major islands in the Hawaiian chain. The assessment was made through the compilation and evaluation of the readily accessible geological, geochemical, and geophysical data for the Hawaiian archipelago which has been acquired during the last two decades. The geologic criteria used in the identification of possible geothermal reservoirs were: age and location of most recent volcanism on the island and the geologic structure of each island. The geochemical anomalies used as traces for geothermally altered ground water were: elevated silica concentrations and elevated chloride/magnesium ion ratios. Geophysical data used to identify subsurface structure which may have geothermal potential were: aeromagnetic anomalies, gravity anomalies, and higher than normal well and basal spring discharge temperatures. Geophysical and geochemical anomalies which may be the result of subsurface thermal effects have been identified on the islands of Hawaii, Maui, Molokai and Oahu; DOE/ID/01713-4 Title: Hawaii Geothermal Resource Assessment Program: western state cooperative direct heat resource assessment, Phase I. Final report Year: 1978 A regional geothermal resource assessment has been conducted for the major islands in the Hawaiian chain. The assessment was made through the compilation and evaluation of the readily accessible geological, geochemical, and geophysical data for the Hawaiian archipelago which has been acquired during the last two decades. The geologic criteria used in the identification of possible geothermal reservoirs were: age and location of most recent volcanism on the island and the geologic structure of each island. The geochemical anomalies used as traces for geothermally altered ground water were: elevated silica concentrations and elevated chloride/magnesium ion ratios. Geophysical data used to identify subsurface structure which may have geothermal potential were: aeromagnetic anomalies, gravity anomalies, and higher than normal well and basal spring discharge temperatures. Geophysical and geochemical anomalies which may be the result of subsurface thermal effects have been identified on the islands of Hawaii, Maui, Molokai and Oahu; DOE/ID/01713-4

35. [Image] Water supply of Crater Lake, Oregon


	Accompanied with tables, pictures, field notes, National Park Service publications, references and correspondence; Typescript and holograph
	Citation Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Water supply of Crater Lake, Oregon Author: Harding, S. T.; (Sidney Twitchell); 1883-1969 Year: 1953, 2008 Accompanied with tables, pictures, field notes, National Park Service publications, references and correspondence; Typescript and holograph Title: Water supply of Crater Lake, Oregon Author: Harding, S. T.; (Sidney Twitchell); 1883-1969 Year: 1953, 2008 Accompanied with tables, pictures, field notes, National Park Service publications, references and correspondence; Typescript and holograph

36. [Image] Forest restoration of Sun Creek, Crater Lake National Park


	ill., maps; Cover title: Forest restoration at Sun Creek, Crater Lake National Park; National Park Service, Pacific Northwest Region contract no. CX-9000-1-E002; "Spring 1982."; Includes bibliographical ...
	Citation Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Forest restoration of Sun Creek, Crater Lake National Park Author: Agee, James K. Year: 1982, 2008 ill., maps; Cover title: Forest restoration at Sun Creek, Crater Lake National Park; National Park Service, Pacific Northwest Region contract no. CX-9000-1-E002; "Spring 1982."; Includes bibliographical references (leaf 38) Title: Forest restoration of Sun Creek, Crater Lake National Park Author: Agee, James K. Year: 1982, 2008 ill., maps; Cover title: Forest restoration at Sun Creek, Crater Lake National Park; National Park Service, Pacific Northwest Region contract no. CX-9000-1-E002; "Spring 1982."; Includes bibliographical references (leaf 38)

37. [Image] Planning, Drilling, Logging, and Testing of Energy Extraction Hole EE-1, Phases I and II


	Energy Extraction Hole No. 1 (EE-1) is the second deep hole drilled into the Precambrian-age granitic rocks of the Jemez Mountains of north-central New Mexico. EE-1 was drilled to intersect a hydraulic ...
	Citation Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Planning, Drilling, Logging, and Testing of Energy Extraction Hole EE-1, Phases I and II Author: Pettitt, R.A. Year: 1977 Energy Extraction Hole No. 1 (EE-1) is the second deep hole drilled into the Precambrian-age granitic rocks of the Jemez Mountains of north-central New Mexico. EE-1 was drilled to intersect a hydraulic fracture extending outward from near the bottom of previously drilled hole GT-2, thus completing the underground circulation loop required for the hot dry rock geothermal energy extraction experiment. Directional drilling techniques were used to intersect the fracture zone. In addition, high-temperature instrumentation and equipment development, hydraulic fracturing experiments, pressure-flow testing of the fracture systems, and fracture mapping and borehole-ranging technique activities were conducted. The drilling, logging, and testing operations in EE-1 are described Title: Planning, Drilling, Logging, and Testing of Energy Extraction Hole EE-1, Phases I and II Author: Pettitt, R.A. Year: 1977 Energy Extraction Hole No. 1 (EE-1) is the second deep hole drilled into the Precambrian-age granitic rocks of the Jemez Mountains of north-central New Mexico. EE-1 was drilled to intersect a hydraulic fracture extending outward from near the bottom of previously drilled hole GT-2, thus completing the underground circulation loop required for the hot dry rock geothermal energy extraction experiment. Directional drilling techniques were used to intersect the fracture zone. In addition, high-temperature instrumentation and equipment development, hydraulic fracturing experiments, pressure-flow testing of the fracture systems, and fracture mapping and borehole-ranging technique activities were conducted. The drilling, logging, and testing operations in EE-1 are described

38. [Image] Klamath River and its utilization


	The original report was borrowed from the Oregon State Library by the Bureau of Reclamation, Klamath Falls Office and scanned into a digital format by the Klamath Waters Digital Library
	Citation Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Klamath River and its utilization Author: La Rue, Eugene C. (Eugene Clyde) Year: 1922, 2005 The original report was borrowed from the Oregon State Library by the Bureau of Reclamation, Klamath Falls Office and scanned into a digital format by the Klamath Waters Digital Library Title: Klamath River and its utilization Author: La Rue, Eugene C. (Eugene Clyde) Year: 1922, 2005 The original report was borrowed from the Oregon State Library by the Bureau of Reclamation, Klamath Falls Office and scanned into a digital format by the Klamath Waters Digital Library

39. [Image] Crater Lake National Park 20 year visitor use forecast


	ill.; Report title; "Al Galipeau, Socio Economics Studies, NPS, WASO/Denver, 7/12/94."
	Citation Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Crater Lake National Park 20 year visitor use forecast Author: Galipeau, Al Year: 1994, 2009, 2010 ill.; Report title; "Al Galipeau, Socio Economics Studies, NPS, WASO/Denver, 7/12/94." Title: Crater Lake National Park 20 year visitor use forecast Author: Galipeau, Al Year: 1994, 2009, 2010 ill.; Report title; "Al Galipeau, Socio Economics Studies, NPS, WASO/Denver, 7/12/94."

40. [Image] Parks and Recreation Oregon Department of Transportation: Larry V. Espey


	"... interviews were recorded on January 21 and February 10, 1988." - [iii].
	Citation Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Parks and Recreation Oregon Department of Transportation: Larry V. Espey Author: Elizabeth Potter Year: 1988, 2009, 2010 "... interviews were recorded on January 21 and February 10, 1988." - [iii]. Title: Parks and Recreation Oregon Department of Transportation: Larry V. Espey Author: Elizabeth Potter Year: 1988, 2009, 2010 "... interviews were recorded on January 21 and February 10, 1988." - [iii].

41. [Image] Progress report for investigations on Blue Creek, fiscal year 1992, Blue Creek, California


	PROGRESS REPORT FOR INVESTIGATIONS ON BLUE CREEK FT 1992 ABSTRACT The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Coastal California Fishery Resource Office in Arcata, California, was funded to investigate chinook ...
	Citation Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Progress report for investigations on Blue Creek, fiscal year 1992, Blue Creek, California Author: Chan, Jeffrey R. ; Longenbaugh, Matthew H. Year: 1994, 2005 PROGRESS REPORT FOR INVESTIGATIONS ON BLUE CREEK FT 1992 ABSTRACT The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Coastal California Fishery Resource Office in Arcata, California, was funded to investigate chinook salmon roncorhvnchus tshawvtschav spavming use, juvenile salmonid emigration, and characterize stream habitats in Blue Creek, a tributary to' the Klamath River; California. Investigations began in October 1988, with this reporting period covering October 1991 through September 1992. Adult chinook spawner escapement was addressed by surveys of redds, live fish and carcasses, and by radioteleiretry. Spawner numbers were v?ry low, with only 22 redds observed in fall 1991/winter 1992. The peak count of adult Chinook was 97 fish in early November. Radiotelemetry of migrating spawners (n?8) was used to locate remote spawning areas. Emigrating juvenile Chinook salmon, steelhead trout 10. mvkissV/ coho salmon (fi. kisutchl. and coastal cutthroat trout (g. clarltiV were trapped at river kilometer (rkm) 3.35 with a rotary screw trap (screw trap). The trapping period extended from April to July for a total of 75 trapping nights. Screw trap catches totaled 10,688 chinook, 1,388 steelhead, 99 coho and 10 cutthroat. Peak Chinook emigration occurred during the week of May 17, which is consistent with the past 3 years of monitoring. A juvenile weir was operated 58 nights, and caught a total of 9,166 chinook, 1,196 steelhead, 127 coho and 1 cutthroat. The index of abundance for emigrating chinook during the 1992 juvenile trapping period was 49,590. Sixty-five percent of the juvenile chinook caught during the trapping season were marked with coded wire tags (n-12,687) and released back into Blue Creek at rkm 3.3. Mean water temperatures varied from 6.3 to 18.6 XI and stream flows ranged from 43 to 2178 eft (1.3 to 61.7 m3/?) during the Fiscal Year (FY) 1992 study season. Title: Progress report for investigations on Blue Creek, fiscal year 1992, Blue Creek, California Author: Chan, Jeffrey R. ; Longenbaugh, Matthew H. Year: 1994, 2005 PROGRESS REPORT FOR INVESTIGATIONS ON BLUE CREEK FT 1992 ABSTRACT The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Coastal California Fishery Resource Office in Arcata, California, was funded to investigate chinook salmon roncorhvnchus tshawvtschav spavming use, juvenile salmonid emigration, and characterize stream habitats in Blue Creek, a tributary to' the Klamath River; California. Investigations began in October 1988, with this reporting period covering October 1991 through September 1992. Adult chinook spawner escapement was addressed by surveys of redds, live fish and carcasses, and by radioteleiretry. Spawner numbers were v?ry low, with only 22 redds observed in fall 1991/winter 1992. The peak count of adult Chinook was 97 fish in early November. Radiotelemetry of migrating spawners (n?8) was used to locate remote spawning areas. Emigrating juvenile Chinook salmon, steelhead trout 10. mvkissV/ coho salmon (fi. kisutchl. and coastal cutthroat trout (g. clarltiV were trapped at river kilometer (rkm) 3.35 with a rotary screw trap (screw trap). The trapping period extended from April to July for a total of 75 trapping nights. Screw trap catches totaled 10,688 chinook, 1,388 steelhead, 99 coho and 10 cutthroat. Peak Chinook emigration occurred during the week of May 17, which is consistent with the past 3 years of monitoring. A juvenile weir was operated 58 nights, and caught a total of 9,166 chinook, 1,196 steelhead, 127 coho and 1 cutthroat. The index of abundance for emigrating chinook during the 1992 juvenile trapping period was 49,590. Sixty-five percent of the juvenile chinook caught during the trapping season were marked with coded wire tags (n-12,687) and released back into Blue Creek at rkm 3.3. Mean water temperatures varied from 6.3 to 18.6 XI and stream flows ranged from 43 to 2178 eft (1.3 to 61.7 m3/?) during the Fiscal Year (FY) 1992 study season.

42. [Image] A geologic and hydrologic reconnaissance of Lava Beds National Monument and vicinity, California


	A GEOLOGIC AND HYDROLOGIC RECONNAISSANCE OF LAVA BEDS NATIONAL MONUMENT AND VICINITY, CALIFORNIA By William R. Hotchkiss ABSTRACT Lava Beds National Monument is on the Modoc Plateau in Modoc and ...
	Citation Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: A geologic and hydrologic reconnaissance of Lava Beds National Monument and vicinity, California Author: Hotchkiss, W. R Year: 1968, 2008, 2005 A GEOLOGIC AND HYDROLOGIC RECONNAISSANCE OF LAVA BEDS NATIONAL MONUMENT AND VICINITY, CALIFORNIA By William R. Hotchkiss ABSTRACT Lava Beds National Monument is on the Modoc Plateau in Modoc and Siskiyou Counties. The principal geologic units in the vicinity are volcanic rocks,, which in places are highly permeable, and poorly permeable lake sedimentary deposits, all probably post-Oligocene in age. Yields and specific capacities of wells in the unconfined water body within volcanic rocks and lake deposits range widely, but in general are low in the lake deposits and higher in the volcanic rocks. A confined water body, occurring in volcanic rocks underlying the lake deposits yields large quantities of water to three wells in the study area. Dissolved-solids content of ground water generally increases in proportion to the thickness of lake deposits penetrated and to proximity of the lake deposits. Water from wells drilled in the volcanic rocks several miles from the lake deposits, and from wells penetrating the confined water body in volcanic rocks underlying the lake deposits contains small to moderate quantities of dissolved solids. Ground-water supplies can be developed almost anywhere in the study area by drilling wells to depths below the water table. In addition, there is a reasonable possibility of developing wells in a confined water body underlying the water-table system- Title: A geologic and hydrologic reconnaissance of Lava Beds National Monument and vicinity, California Author: Hotchkiss, W. R Year: 1968, 2008, 2005 A GEOLOGIC AND HYDROLOGIC RECONNAISSANCE OF LAVA BEDS NATIONAL MONUMENT AND VICINITY, CALIFORNIA By William R. Hotchkiss ABSTRACT Lava Beds National Monument is on the Modoc Plateau in Modoc and Siskiyou Counties. The principal geologic units in the vicinity are volcanic rocks,, which in places are highly permeable, and poorly permeable lake sedimentary deposits, all probably post-Oligocene in age. Yields and specific capacities of wells in the unconfined water body within volcanic rocks and lake deposits range widely, but in general are low in the lake deposits and higher in the volcanic rocks. A confined water body, occurring in volcanic rocks underlying the lake deposits yields large quantities of water to three wells in the study area. Dissolved-solids content of ground water generally increases in proportion to the thickness of lake deposits penetrated and to proximity of the lake deposits. Water from wells drilled in the volcanic rocks several miles from the lake deposits, and from wells penetrating the confined water body in volcanic rocks underlying the lake deposits contains small to moderate quantities of dissolved solids. Ground-water supplies can be developed almost anywhere in the study area by drilling wells to depths below the water table. In addition, there is a reasonable possibility of developing wells in a confined water body underlying the water-table system-

43. [Image] Report of 1994 Workshop on the Correlation of Marine and Terrestrial Records of Climate Changes in the Western United States


	Imprint from transmittal sheet; Distributed to depository libraries in microfiche; Shipping list no.: 97-0071-M; One ill. on 1 folded leaf in pocket; Includes bibliographical references
	Citation Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Report of 1994 Workshop on the Correlation of Marine and Terrestrial Records of Climate Changes in the Western United States Author: Workshop on the Correlation of Marine and Terrestrial Records of Climate Changes in the Western U.S. (3rd : 1994 : Watsonville, Calif.) Year: 1996, 2007, 2005 Imprint from transmittal sheet; Distributed to depository libraries in microfiche; Shipping list no.: 97-0071-M; One ill. on 1 folded leaf in pocket; Includes bibliographical references Title: Report of 1994 Workshop on the Correlation of Marine and Terrestrial Records of Climate Changes in the Western United States Author: Workshop on the Correlation of Marine and Terrestrial Records of Climate Changes in the Western U.S. (3rd : 1994 : Watsonville, Calif.) Year: 1996, 2007, 2005 Imprint from transmittal sheet; Distributed to depository libraries in microfiche; Shipping list no.: 97-0071-M; One ill. on 1 folded leaf in pocket; Includes bibliographical references

44. [Image] Crater Lake National Park visitor study, summer 2001


	chiefly ill., maps; "The visitor study was conducted August 3-9, 2001 by the National Park Service (NPS) Visitor Services Project (VSP), part of the Cooperative Park Studies Unit at the University of ...
	Citation Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Crater Lake National Park visitor study, summer 2001 Author: Littlejohn, Margaret Year: 2002, 2009 chiefly ill., maps; "The visitor study was conducted August 3-9, 2001 by the National Park Service (NPS) Visitor Services Project (VSP), part of the Cooperative Park Studies Unit at the University of Idaho"--P. 1.; "April 2002."; "NPS D-313"--Last printed p. Title: Crater Lake National Park visitor study, summer 2001 Author: Littlejohn, Margaret Year: 2002, 2009 chiefly ill., maps; "The visitor study was conducted August 3-9, 2001 by the National Park Service (NPS) Visitor Services Project (VSP), part of the Cooperative Park Studies Unit at the University of Idaho"--P. 1.; "April 2002."; "NPS D-313"--Last printed p.

45. [Image] Effects of water quality on growth of juvenile shortnose suckers, Chasmistes brevirostris (Catostomidae: Cypriniformes), from Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon


	One chapter of a seven chapter annual report from 1999 examining ecological issues regarding the shortnose and Lost River sucker populations in Upper Klamath Lake and Williamson River.
	Citation Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Effects of water quality on growth of juvenile shortnose suckers, Chasmistes brevirostris (Catostomidae: Cypriniformes), from Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon Author: Oregon Cooperative Wildlife Research Unit Year: 2000, 2005 One chapter of a seven chapter annual report from 1999 examining ecological issues regarding the shortnose and Lost River sucker populations in Upper Klamath Lake and Williamson River. Title: Effects of water quality on growth of juvenile shortnose suckers, Chasmistes brevirostris (Catostomidae: Cypriniformes), from Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon Author: Oregon Cooperative Wildlife Research Unit Year: 2000, 2005 One chapter of a seven chapter annual report from 1999 examining ecological issues regarding the shortnose and Lost River sucker populations in Upper Klamath Lake and Williamson River.

46. [Image] Klamath River fish die-off, September 2002 : report on estimate of mortality


	Klamath River Fish Die-off, September 2002, Mortality Report, FWS, Arcata, CA Summary of Findings This report provides an estimate of the fish mortality that occurred during the September 2002 Klamath ...
	Citation Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Klamath River fish die-off, September 2002 : report on estimate of mortality Author: Guillen, George. Year: 2003, 2005, 2004 Klamath River Fish Die-off, September 2002, Mortality Report, FWS, Arcata, CA Summary of Findings This report provides an estimate of the fish mortality that occurred during the September 2002 Klamath River die-off. The intent of this report is to provide natural resource agencies and trustees with information describing the magnitude of this event for their consideration in near-term decisions regarding the affected fisheries resources and related assets under their authority. The Fish and Wildlife Service (Service), in cooperation with other federal and state agencies and Tribes, will continue to collaborate and evaluate information collected during the die-off. This report describes a conservative assessment, which probably underestimates the total number of fish that died during this event. Findings described in this report include the following: 22 The most accurate estimate of the total number of observable fish that died during the incident is 34,056. 22 Approximately 98.4 percent of the dead fish observed were adult anadromous salmonids 22 Out of 33,527 anadromous salmonids estimated to have succumbed during this event, 97.1 percent (32,533) were fall-run Chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha, 1.8 percent (629) were steelhead, O. mykiss, and 1.0 percent (344) were coho salmon, O. kisutch. Only one coastal cutthroat, O. clarki clarki was found dead during the investigation. 22 Approximately 91.5 percent of the coho salmon, and 38.7 percent of the steelhead observed had marks indicating that they were of hatchery origin. All hatchery coho originated from the Trinity River Hatchery. After accounting for variable tagging and shed rates, the Klamath River Technical Advisory Team (KRTAT) estimated that 7,060 (21.7 percent) Chinook were of hatchery origin. A total of 2,921 (9 percent) Chinook were of Iron Gate (Klamath River) Hatchery origin. A total of 4,139 (12.7 percent) Chinook were of Trinity River Hatchery origin. 22 The KRTAT also estimated that dead Chinook salmon represented 19.2 percent of the total (169,,297) in-river Klamath-Trinity River run. 22 Other dead fish observed during the investigation included sculpins, Cottus spp. (87 fish), speckled dace, Rhinichthys osculus (9 fish), Klamath smallscale sucker, Catostomus rimiculus (311 fish), one American shad, Alosa sapidissima, and one green sturgeon, Acipencer medirostris. ii Klamath River Fish Die-off, September 2002, Mortality Report, FWS, Arcata, CA 22 Throughout the investigation, live adult and juvenile fish of affected and unaffected species were observed in the river. In addition, some species (e.g. American shad, speckled dace, and green sturgeon) did not appear to experience extensive mortality. Almost all (greater than 99 percent) of the dead fish observed were adults or larger species offish. 22 The majority of the recently dead fish examined exhibited one or more outward gross signs of disease including gill necrosis, bacterial growth, sores, bloody vents, and ulcerations. Pathological examinations confirmed that white spot disease and columnaris were the principle immediate causes of death. Additional information collected by the Service and cooperating agencies included a suite of water quality parameters collected during the summer and fall of 2001 and 2002, fish pathology analyses, and related hydrologic information. The Service will provide reports on this additional information after it has received quality assurance review. A more comprehensive report addressing contributing factors associated with causes of the fish die-off will follow. in Title: Klamath River fish die-off, September 2002 : report on estimate of mortality Author: Guillen, George. Year: 2003, 2005, 2004 Klamath River Fish Die-off, September 2002, Mortality Report, FWS, Arcata, CA Summary of Findings This report provides an estimate of the fish mortality that occurred during the September 2002 Klamath River die-off. The intent of this report is to provide natural resource agencies and trustees with information describing the magnitude of this event for their consideration in near-term decisions regarding the affected fisheries resources and related assets under their authority. The Fish and Wildlife Service (Service), in cooperation with other federal and state agencies and Tribes, will continue to collaborate and evaluate information collected during the die-off. This report describes a conservative assessment, which probably underestimates the total number of fish that died during this event. Findings described in this report include the following: 22 The most accurate estimate of the total number of observable fish that died during the incident is 34,056. 22 Approximately 98.4 percent of the dead fish observed were adult anadromous salmonids 22 Out of 33,527 anadromous salmonids estimated to have succumbed during this event, 97.1 percent (32,533) were fall-run Chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha, 1.8 percent (629) were steelhead, O. mykiss, and 1.0 percent (344) were coho salmon, O. kisutch. Only one coastal cutthroat, O. clarki clarki was found dead during the investigation. 22 Approximately 91.5 percent of the coho salmon, and 38.7 percent of the steelhead observed had marks indicating that they were of hatchery origin. All hatchery coho originated from the Trinity River Hatchery. After accounting for variable tagging and shed rates, the Klamath River Technical Advisory Team (KRTAT) estimated that 7,060 (21.7 percent) Chinook were of hatchery origin. A total of 2,921 (9 percent) Chinook were of Iron Gate (Klamath River) Hatchery origin. A total of 4,139 (12.7 percent) Chinook were of Trinity River Hatchery origin. 22 The KRTAT also estimated that dead Chinook salmon represented 19.2 percent of the total (169,,297) in-river Klamath-Trinity River run. 22 Other dead fish observed during the investigation included sculpins, Cottus spp. (87 fish), speckled dace, Rhinichthys osculus (9 fish), Klamath smallscale sucker, Catostomus rimiculus (311 fish), one American shad, Alosa sapidissima, and one green sturgeon, Acipencer medirostris. ii Klamath River Fish Die-off, September 2002, Mortality Report, FWS, Arcata, CA 22 Throughout the investigation, live adult and juvenile fish of affected and unaffected species were observed in the river. In addition, some species (e.g. American shad, speckled dace, and green sturgeon) did not appear to experience extensive mortality. Almost all (greater than 99 percent) of the dead fish observed were adults or larger species offish. 22 The majority of the recently dead fish examined exhibited one or more outward gross signs of disease including gill necrosis, bacterial growth, sores, bloody vents, and ulcerations. Pathological examinations confirmed that white spot disease and columnaris were the principle immediate causes of death. Additional information collected by the Service and cooperating agencies included a suite of water quality parameters collected during the summer and fall of 2001 and 2002, fish pathology analyses, and related hydrologic information. The Service will provide reports on this additional information after it has received quality assurance review. A more comprehensive report addressing contributing factors associated with causes of the fish die-off will follow. in

47. [Image] Ground water hydrology of four proposed project areas in the Klamath Basin, Oregon


	"OF-01-01"
	Citation Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Ground water hydrology of four proposed project areas in the Klamath Basin, Oregon Author: Oregon. Water Resources Dept Year: 2001, 2005 "OF-01-01" Title: Ground water hydrology of four proposed project areas in the Klamath Basin, Oregon Author: Oregon. Water Resources Dept Year: 2001, 2005 "OF-01-01"

48. [Image] Salmon of the Klamath river, California : 1. The salmon and the fishery of Klamath river. 2. A report on the 1930 catch of king salmon in Klamath river


	CONTENTS PAGE I. THE SALMON AND THE FISHERY OF KLAMATH RIVER 2695 Introduction 2697 General Characteristics of Klamath River Salmon 2699 Species Other Than King Salmon 26916 The Spring Migration (Immigration) ...
	Citation Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Salmon of the Klamath river, California : 1. The salmon and the fishery of Klamath river. 2. A report on the 1930 catch of king salmon in Klamath river Author: Snyder, John Otterbein Year: 1931, 2005 CONTENTS PAGE I. THE SALMON AND THE FISHERY OF KLAMATH RIVER 2695 Introduction 2697 General Characteristics of Klamath River Salmon 2699 Species Other Than King Salmon 26916 The Spring Migration (Immigration) 26918 The Summer Migration (Immigration) 26923 Sex Representation in the Migration 26933 Fish Increase in Average Weight and Size as the Season Advances 26939 Angling for Salmon 26943 Seaward Migration (Emigration) 26944 Obstructions in the River 26950 The Age at Maturity of Klamath King Salmon 26952 Marking Experiments 26967 Experiment in 1916 26968 Experiment in 1918 26968 Experiment in 1919 26968 Experiment in 1920 26968 Experiment in 1922 (Sacramento River) 26971 Experiment in 1922 (Klamath River) 26972 Experiment in 1923-1924 269 143 Ocean Tagging 26980 Depletion 26981 Notes Relating to the Salmon Catch of Klamath River 26988 The Ocean Catch 26992 Age Characteristics of the Ocean Catch 269108 Artificial Propagation in Klamath River 269111 Summary 18 269119 II. A REPORT ON THE 1930 CATCH OF KING SALMON IN KLAMATH RIVER 1823 Title: Salmon of the Klamath river, California : 1. The salmon and the fishery of Klamath river. 2. A report on the 1930 catch of king salmon in Klamath river Author: Snyder, John Otterbein Year: 1931, 2005 CONTENTS PAGE I. THE SALMON AND THE FISHERY OF KLAMATH RIVER 2695 Introduction 2697 General Characteristics of Klamath River Salmon 2699 Species Other Than King Salmon 26916 The Spring Migration (Immigration) 26918 The Summer Migration (Immigration) 26923 Sex Representation in the Migration 26933 Fish Increase in Average Weight and Size as the Season Advances 26939 Angling for Salmon 26943 Seaward Migration (Emigration) 26944 Obstructions in the River 26950 The Age at Maturity of Klamath King Salmon 26952 Marking Experiments 26967 Experiment in 1916 26968 Experiment in 1918 26968 Experiment in 1919 26968 Experiment in 1920 26968 Experiment in 1922 (Sacramento River) 26971 Experiment in 1922 (Klamath River) 26972 Experiment in 1923-1924 269 143 Ocean Tagging 26980 Depletion 26981 Notes Relating to the Salmon Catch of Klamath River 26988 The Ocean Catch 26992 Age Characteristics of the Ocean Catch 269108 Artificial Propagation in Klamath River 269111 Summary 18 269119 II. A REPORT ON THE 1930 CATCH OF KING SALMON IN KLAMATH RIVER 1823

49. [Image] Investigation and evaluation of geopressured-geothermal wells. Fairfax Foster Sutter No. 2 well, St. Mary Parish, Louisiana. Volume I. Completion and testing. Final report


	The Fairfax Foster Sutter No. 2 well, located in the East Franklin area of St. Mary Parish, Louisiana, is the first successful test of a geopressured-geothermal aquifer under the Well-of-Opportunity program. ...
	Citation Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Investigation and evaluation of geopressured-geothermal wells. Fairfax Foster Sutter No. 2 well, St. Mary Parish, Louisiana. Volume I. Completion and testing. Final report Author: Willits, M.H. Year: 1979 The Fairfax Foster Sutter No. 2 well, located in the East Franklin area of St. Mary Parish, Louisiana, is the first successful test of a geopressured-geothermal aquifer under the Well-of-Opportunity program. The section tested was the MA-6 sand of lower Miocene age which has produced large quantities of gas from the adjacent but structurally separated Garden City field. In the subject well the observed temperature was 270{sup 0}F (132{sup 0}C) and the measured gradient was 0.77 psi/ft. The gross sand thickness was 270 feet, the net sand thickness 190 feet, and the tested interval 58 net feet. The temperatures and pressures encountered approached the limits of the surface-recording bottomhole pressure gauge and particularly the single-conductor cables on which the gauges were run. The objectives of the tests were all accomplished, and data were obtained which will contribute to the overall assessment of the geopressured-geothermal resource of the Upper Gulf of Mexico basin. In general, the gas solubility (22.8 scf/bbl) was as expected for the temperature, pressure, and salinity of the brine. The produced water was more saline than expected (160,000 mg/l). The high concentrations of dissolved solids, coupled with the evolution of CO{sub 2} from these waters during production, created a scaling problem in the tubular goods and surface equipment that will have to be addressed in future tests; DOE/ET/28460-1 Title: Investigation and evaluation of geopressured-geothermal wells. Fairfax Foster Sutter No. 2 well, St. Mary Parish, Louisiana. Volume I. Completion and testing. Final report Author: Willits, M.H. Year: 1979 The Fairfax Foster Sutter No. 2 well, located in the East Franklin area of St. Mary Parish, Louisiana, is the first successful test of a geopressured-geothermal aquifer under the Well-of-Opportunity program. The section tested was the MA-6 sand of lower Miocene age which has produced large quantities of gas from the adjacent but structurally separated Garden City field. In the subject well the observed temperature was 270{sup 0}F (132{sup 0}C) and the measured gradient was 0.77 psi/ft. The gross sand thickness was 270 feet, the net sand thickness 190 feet, and the tested interval 58 net feet. The temperatures and pressures encountered approached the limits of the surface-recording bottomhole pressure gauge and particularly the single-conductor cables on which the gauges were run. The objectives of the tests were all accomplished, and data were obtained which will contribute to the overall assessment of the geopressured-geothermal resource of the Upper Gulf of Mexico basin. In general, the gas solubility (22.8 scf/bbl) was as expected for the temperature, pressure, and salinity of the brine. The produced water was more saline than expected (160,000 mg/l). The high concentrations of dissolved solids, coupled with the evolution of CO{sub 2} from these waters during production, created a scaling problem in the tubular goods and surface equipment that will have to be addressed in future tests; DOE/ET/28460-1

50. [Image] Trout studies and a stream survey of Crater Lake National Park, Oregon


	Ill., map; Typescript; Map of Crater Lake National Park and vicinity, issued by the U.S. Geological Survey, edition of 1946; Thesis (M.S.)--Oregon State College, 1948; Includes bibliographical references ...
	Citation Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Trout studies and a stream survey of Crater Lake National Park, Oregon Author: Wallis, O. L. Year: 1948, 2008 Ill., map; Typescript; Map of Crater Lake National Park and vicinity, issued by the U.S. Geological Survey, edition of 1946; Thesis (M.S.)--Oregon State College, 1948; Includes bibliographical references (leaves 118-120) Title: Trout studies and a stream survey of Crater Lake National Park, Oregon Author: Wallis, O. L. Year: 1948, 2008 Ill., map; Typescript; Map of Crater Lake National Park and vicinity, issued by the U.S. Geological Survey, edition of 1946; Thesis (M.S.)--Oregon State College, 1948; Includes bibliographical references (leaves 118-120)

51. [Image] Evaluation of instream fish habitat restoration structures in Klamath River tributaries, 1988/1989


	Annual Report For Interagency Agreement 14-16-0001-89508 EVALUATION OF INSTREAM FISH HABITAT RESTORATION STRUCTURES IN KLAMATH RIVER TRIBUTARIES 1988/1989 by A.D.Olson and J.R. West USDA-Forest Service, ...
	Citation Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Evaluation of instream fish habitat restoration structures in Klamath River tributaries, 1988/1989 Author: Olson, A. D. Year: 1989, 2008, 2006 Annual Report For Interagency Agreement 14-16-0001-89508 EVALUATION OF INSTREAM FISH HABITAT RESTORATION STRUCTURES IN KLAMATH RIVER TRIBUTARIES 1988/1989 by A.D.Olson and J.R. West USDA-Forest Service, Klamath National Forest 1312 Fairlane Road, Yreka, CA 96097 ABSTRACT Ten instream fish habitat techniques were evaluated to determine which most effectively restored salmonid spawning and/or rearing conditions. Structure stability was estimated based on how intact each structure remained (by percent) and its age, we then projected useful life for each structure type. Cost in 1989 dollars was used to determine cost per unit habitat area provided. Observed use by spawners was used to estimate total number of redds per structure (over its life). Cost of providing spawning habitat (cost per redd) was calculated by dividing estimated total redds by structure cost. Habitats resulting from instream structures were classified using the modified Bisson method and we determined the influence zone of each structure using physical variables to define habitat area. Structures were biologically sampled using direct underwater observation techniques described by Hankin and Reeves1 (1989). Two person dive teams used a "two-pass" method to enumerate and classify salmonids by species and age-class (0+, 1+ or older juveniles, and adults), noting the presence of other species. Fish use of structure affected habitat (post-modification) was compared to use of habitats like those present prior to structure placement (pre-modification). Comparison of "pre-modification" and "post-modification" fish standing crops resulted in a "net fish difference" which was divided by structure cost, yielding "cost per fish reared11. Boulder weirs, the most expensive structures investigated, did not affect enough surface area to make cost per unit of affected habitat reasonable. Cabled cover logs and digger logs (lowest cost structures) were very cost effective at altering physical habitat condition. We believe cost of physically modifying habitat area is only one factor that is important enough to effect success or failure of a large scale habitat restoration program. Assuming all other factors are of equal weight, lowest cost structures can provide the "best value". Modification prescribed to restore stable spawning habitat needs close scrutiny. We believe it is essential to know how the existing habitat is used by spawners by conducting spawning area use surveys which identify redd location and quantify habitat available during each spawning period. Boulder deflectors were best utilized by Chinook salmon spawners, however chinook spawner use of "traditional" structures (weirs backfilled with gravel) was disappointing. Backfilling of instream structures with suitable gravel is a practice that should be discontinued. Steelhead spawner use of structures which result in "pocket water" type spawning areas were heavily used. This habitat configuration proved most desirable when woody object cover was readily available to the spawners. The highest steelhead spawner use was associated with boulder groups with wood and boulder/rootwad groups. We found rearing structures which provided high habitat and cover diversity received the best response from juvenile fish. We observed fish use over one summer and saw dramatic unpredictable use changes even through this short time period. Fish rearing needs during other seasons may differ substantially from summer needs, therefore, suitability of modified habitat probably also changes. Digger logs, one of the least costly and simplest structures, provided the best increase in fish standing crop (fish/m2) for the lowest cost. We believe digger logs were well used by rearing fish because they are one of the most natural restoration structures investigated. Other structures which were well used (small weirs, deflectors, and boulder groups with attached wood) also seem to closely duplicate naturally productive habitats. Higher velocity habitat types associated with boulder groups with wood, boulder rootwad groups, and boulder deflectors were selected by juvenile steelhead and chinook salmon. Providing overhead cover, especially if it extends into the water where it may also be used as object cover, seemed most valuable for juvenile steelhead and salmon if it was placed in a habitat type which would normally receive high fish use. Placement of object cover in slow velocity areas (pool and glide edges) had questionable value for summer rearing habitat restoration, however we do not know what value these structures may have during colder water high flow periods when fish seek slow velocity, densely-covered habitats. We defined the most cost effective method as one meeting restoration objectives, providing the greatest increase in fish use (per surface area or volume), over the longest time period, for the lowest cost. We rank structures evaluated in this study (from most cost-effective to least cost effective) as follows: Digger Logs, Boulder deflectors, Small Boulder Weirs, Boulder Groups with Woody Cover, Free Boulder Weirs, Large Boulder Weirs, Boulder Groups, Boulder/Rootwad Groups, Boulder/Rootwad Deflectors, Small Boulder Weirs, and Cabled Cover Logs. Title: Evaluation of instream fish habitat restoration structures in Klamath River tributaries, 1988/1989 Author: Olson, A. D. Year: 1989, 2008, 2006 Annual Report For Interagency Agreement 14-16-0001-89508 EVALUATION OF INSTREAM FISH HABITAT RESTORATION STRUCTURES IN KLAMATH RIVER TRIBUTARIES 1988/1989 by A.D.Olson and J.R. West USDA-Forest Service, Klamath National Forest 1312 Fairlane Road, Yreka, CA 96097 ABSTRACT Ten instream fish habitat techniques were evaluated to determine which most effectively restored salmonid spawning and/or rearing conditions. Structure stability was estimated based on how intact each structure remained (by percent) and its age, we then projected useful life for each structure type. Cost in 1989 dollars was used to determine cost per unit habitat area provided. Observed use by spawners was used to estimate total number of redds per structure (over its life). Cost of providing spawning habitat (cost per redd) was calculated by dividing estimated total redds by structure cost. Habitats resulting from instream structures were classified using the modified Bisson method and we determined the influence zone of each structure using physical variables to define habitat area. Structures were biologically sampled using direct underwater observation techniques described by Hankin and Reeves1 (1989). Two person dive teams used a "two-pass" method to enumerate and classify salmonids by species and age-class (0+, 1+ or older juveniles, and adults), noting the presence of other species. Fish use of structure affected habitat (post-modification) was compared to use of habitats like those present prior to structure placement (pre-modification). Comparison of "pre-modification" and "post-modification" fish standing crops resulted in a "net fish difference" which was divided by structure cost, yielding "cost per fish reared11. Boulder weirs, the most expensive structures investigated, did not affect enough surface area to make cost per unit of affected habitat reasonable. Cabled cover logs and digger logs (lowest cost structures) were very cost effective at altering physical habitat condition. We believe cost of physically modifying habitat area is only one factor that is important enough to effect success or failure of a large scale habitat restoration program. Assuming all other factors are of equal weight, lowest cost structures can provide the "best value". Modification prescribed to restore stable spawning habitat needs close scrutiny. We believe it is essential to know how the existing habitat is used by spawners by conducting spawning area use surveys which identify redd location and quantify habitat available during each spawning period. Boulder deflectors were best utilized by Chinook salmon spawners, however chinook spawner use of "traditional" structures (weirs backfilled with gravel) was disappointing. Backfilling of instream structures with suitable gravel is a practice that should be discontinued. Steelhead spawner use of structures which result in "pocket water" type spawning areas were heavily used. This habitat configuration proved most desirable when woody object cover was readily available to the spawners. The highest steelhead spawner use was associated with boulder groups with wood and boulder/rootwad groups. We found rearing structures which provided high habitat and cover diversity received the best response from juvenile fish. We observed fish use over one summer and saw dramatic unpredictable use changes even through this short time period. Fish rearing needs during other seasons may differ substantially from summer needs, therefore, suitability of modified habitat probably also changes. Digger logs, one of the least costly and simplest structures, provided the best increase in fish standing crop (fish/m2) for the lowest cost. We believe digger logs were well used by rearing fish because they are one of the most natural restoration structures investigated. Other structures which were well used (small weirs, deflectors, and boulder groups with attached wood) also seem to closely duplicate naturally productive habitats. Higher velocity habitat types associated with boulder groups with wood, boulder rootwad groups, and boulder deflectors were selected by juvenile steelhead and chinook salmon. Providing overhead cover, especially if it extends into the water where it may also be used as object cover, seemed most valuable for juvenile steelhead and salmon if it was placed in a habitat type which would normally receive high fish use. Placement of object cover in slow velocity areas (pool and glide edges) had questionable value for summer rearing habitat restoration, however we do not know what value these structures may have during colder water high flow periods when fish seek slow velocity, densely-covered habitats. We defined the most cost effective method as one meeting restoration objectives, providing the greatest increase in fish use (per surface area or volume), over the longest time period, for the lowest cost. We rank structures evaluated in this study (from most cost-effective to least cost effective) as follows: Digger Logs, Boulder deflectors, Small Boulder Weirs, Boulder Groups with Woody Cover, Free Boulder Weirs, Large Boulder Weirs, Boulder Groups, Boulder/Rootwad Groups, Boulder/Rootwad Deflectors, Small Boulder Weirs, and Cabled Cover Logs.

52. [Image] Biological assessment of Klamath Project's continuing operations on the endangered Lost River sucker and shortnose sucker


	BIOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF KLAMATH PROJECT'S CONTINUING OPERATIONS ON THE ENDANGERED LOST RIVER SUCKER AND SHORTNOSE SUCKER U.S. Bureau of Reclamation Mid-Pacific Region Klamath Basin Area Office Klamath ...
	Citation Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Biological assessment of Klamath Project's continuing operations on the endangered Lost River sucker and shortnose sucker Author: United States. Bureau of Reclamation Year: 2001, 2005 BIOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF KLAMATH PROJECT'S CONTINUING OPERATIONS ON THE ENDANGERED LOST RIVER SUCKER AND SHORTNOSE SUCKER U.S. Bureau of Reclamation Mid-Pacific Region Klamath Basin Area Office Klamath Falls, Oregon February 13,2001 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.0 INTRODUCTION 2 2.0 DESCRIPTION OF THE ACTION 3 3.0 DESCRIPTION OF HISTORIC OPERATIONS 6 4.0 ENDANGERED SPECIES POTENTIALLY AFFECTED BY THE KLAMATH PROJECT 16 5.0 ENVIRONMENTAL BASELINE 60 6.0 EFFECTS OF KLAMATH PROJECT ON BALD EAGLES 60 7.0 EFFECTS OF KLAMATH PROJECT ENDANGERED SUCKERS 63 8.0 PROPOSED CRITICAL HABITAT FOR ENDANGERED SUCKERS 82 9.0 CUMULATIVE EFFECTS 84 10.0 DETERMINATION OF EFFECTS 89 11.0 LITERATURE CITED 90 12.0 PERSONAL COMMUNICATIONS 100 13.0 APPENDIX 1 - ESA CONSULTATION REVIEW 101 Title: Biological assessment of Klamath Project's continuing operations on the endangered Lost River sucker and shortnose sucker Author: United States. Bureau of Reclamation Year: 2001, 2005 BIOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF KLAMATH PROJECT'S CONTINUING OPERATIONS ON THE ENDANGERED LOST RIVER SUCKER AND SHORTNOSE SUCKER U.S. Bureau of Reclamation Mid-Pacific Region Klamath Basin Area Office Klamath Falls, Oregon February 13,2001 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.0 INTRODUCTION 2 2.0 DESCRIPTION OF THE ACTION 3 3.0 DESCRIPTION OF HISTORIC OPERATIONS 6 4.0 ENDANGERED SPECIES POTENTIALLY AFFECTED BY THE KLAMATH PROJECT 16 5.0 ENVIRONMENTAL BASELINE 60 6.0 EFFECTS OF KLAMATH PROJECT ON BALD EAGLES 60 7.0 EFFECTS OF KLAMATH PROJECT ENDANGERED SUCKERS 63 8.0 PROPOSED CRITICAL HABITAT FOR ENDANGERED SUCKERS 82 9.0 CUMULATIVE EFFECTS 84 10.0 DETERMINATION OF EFFECTS 89 11.0 LITERATURE CITED 90 12.0 PERSONAL COMMUNICATIONS 100 13.0 APPENDIX 1 - ESA CONSULTATION REVIEW 101

53. [Image] Lower Klamath River instream flow study : scoping evaluation for the Yurok Indian Reservation


	ABSTRACT The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Lower Columbia River Fishery Resource Office was funded by Bureau of Indian Affairs to conduct an instream flow assessment for the lower Klamath River within ...
	Citation Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Lower Klamath River instream flow study : scoping evaluation for the Yurok Indian Reservation Author: Anglin, Donald R Year: 1994, 2007, 2006 ABSTRACT The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Lower Columbia River Fishery Resource Office was funded by Bureau of Indian Affairs to conduct an instream flow assessment for the lower Klamath River within the Yurok Indian Reservation in northern California using the Instream Flow Incremental Methodology (IFIM). Specific study tasks consisted of developing an explicit statement of purpose, definition of the study area and target species, assembly and evaluation of hydrologic, water quality, and physical data as well as biological and fish habitat information. A reconnaissance survey of the proposed study area was also conducted. The purpose for conducting the proposed flow study was the Yurok Tribe's desire to protect the Klamath basin water supply for the production of anadromous fish. The ultimate goal was to protect, restore, and enhance the anadromous fishery resources on the Reservation and in the basin as a whole. The study area was defined as the lower Klamath River and tributaries from the confluence with the Trinity River downstream to the area of tidal influence. Although the mainstem Klamath only was proposed for flow studies, the tributaries were included in the study area as a result of their hydrologic and biological relevance. Target species were identified as chinook salmon {Oncorhynchus tshawytscha), coho salmon (0. kisutch), steelhead trout (0. mykiss) , green sturgeon {Acipenser medirostris) , eulachon (Thaleichthys pacificus) , and Pacific lamprey (Lampetra tridentata) . Assembly and evaluation of relevant information was accomplished from results of a public scoping meeting and the review of a large volume of both published and file reports as well as numerous personal communications. Hydrology of the lower Klamath River is affected by U.S. Bureau of Reclamation projects in both the upper Klamath and upper Trinity subbasins. Several hydroelectric projects in the upper Klamath subbasin affect flow patterns, and agricultural activities in the upper Klamath subbasin and tributaries and the Central Valley Project in the upper Trinity subbasin have reduced water yield from the basin. Water quality concerns were identified as elevated water temperatures and nutrient levels resulting from land use activities throughout the basin. Hydrologic and water quality impacts are partially mitigated in the lower Klamath by tributary inflow throughout the basin. The physical environment in the basin has been altered by land use practices and several major flood events. Alterations include loss of riparian vegetation and stream channel stability, loss of soil moisture storage capacity and infiltration potential, debris slides and logjams resulting in migration barriers, reduced supply of large woody debris for recruitment into the stream channel, and sedimentation of spawning and rearing habitat. Fish habitat in most lower Klamath tributaries has been surveyed and deficiencies as well as good quality habitat have been described. Significant production potential exists in most tributaries, however much restoration work needs to be completed to realize the potential. Habitat characteristics for the mainstem Klamath have not been described. Life history and production data are presented for target species and a brief review of sources for suitability criteria is presented. Harvest management and escapement for naturally spawning fall chinook salmon were reviewed from 1978 through 1993. Escapement has varied over the years but a general downward trend in naturally spawning fall chinook can be observed, particularly in recent years. Escapement goals for the Klamath basin varied from 115,000 in 1978 to an "emergency" floor of 27,000 in 1992. Actual escapement of naturally spawning adult fall chinook varied from a high of 113,000 in 1986 to a low of 11,600 in 1991. Escapement in 1978 totalled 58,500 and preliminary estimates of escapement in 1993 were 21,000 naturally spawning adults. Factors affecting production and subsequent stock size and escapement included variable ocean survival, degraded freshwater habitat conditions, the recent six-year drought, releases of large numbers of hatchery juveniles, and harvest management methodologies that have failed to adequately match harvest to predicted stock size. Differential harvest rates for Klamath and Trinity subbasin fall chinook have also complicated attempts to structure the harvest. Field reconnaisance surveys were conducted in spring and summer 1993 for the proposed mainstem Klamath study area. Two distinct river segments were identified based on macrohabitat characteristics. Microhabitat was classified within each river segment and mapped on USGS quadrangle maps. Cross section identification was postponed pending the decision to move forward with the flow study. Following the scoping tasks described above, conclusions and recommendations were developed. No information was reviewed that indicated the need for an instream flow study in the lower Klamath River. The two basic problems affecting anadromous fish production are degraded freshwater habitat and chronic underescapement. Coordination and planning for instream flow studies on a basin-wide scale was recommended. Biological data gaps were identified which need to be addressed before an instream flow study can be completed for the lower Klamath. Suitability criteria for habitat analysis also need to be identified. Habitat restoration and protection and proper management of anadromous fishery resources were identified as the highest priorities to begin restoration of anadromous stocks. Specific recommendations for habitat restoration included watershed and riparian zone restoration, barrier removal, instream habitat inventory, restoration, and monitoring, estuary studies, and description of streamflow characteristics for lower Klamath tributaries. Recommended fishery resource studies included collection of basic life history data, monitoring for adult escapement and juvenile production, description of estuary usage, effects of hatchery programs on both adult and juvenile wild fish, evaluation of the accelerated stocking program, and refinement of harvest management methodologies to achieve appropriate escapement of naturally spawning stocks into all subbasins. Title: Lower Klamath River instream flow study : scoping evaluation for the Yurok Indian Reservation Author: Anglin, Donald R Year: 1994, 2007, 2006 ABSTRACT The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Lower Columbia River Fishery Resource Office was funded by Bureau of Indian Affairs to conduct an instream flow assessment for the lower Klamath River within the Yurok Indian Reservation in northern California using the Instream Flow Incremental Methodology (IFIM). Specific study tasks consisted of developing an explicit statement of purpose, definition of the study area and target species, assembly and evaluation of hydrologic, water quality, and physical data as well as biological and fish habitat information. A reconnaissance survey of the proposed study area was also conducted. The purpose for conducting the proposed flow study was the Yurok Tribe's desire to protect the Klamath basin water supply for the production of anadromous fish. The ultimate goal was to protect, restore, and enhance the anadromous fishery resources on the Reservation and in the basin as a whole. The study area was defined as the lower Klamath River and tributaries from the confluence with the Trinity River downstream to the area of tidal influence. Although the mainstem Klamath only was proposed for flow studies, the tributaries were included in the study area as a result of their hydrologic and biological relevance. Target species were identified as chinook salmon {Oncorhynchus tshawytscha), coho salmon (0. kisutch), steelhead trout (0. mykiss) , green sturgeon {Acipenser medirostris) , eulachon (Thaleichthys pacificus) , and Pacific lamprey (Lampetra tridentata) . Assembly and evaluation of relevant information was accomplished from results of a public scoping meeting and the review of a large volume of both published and file reports as well as numerous personal communications. Hydrology of the lower Klamath River is affected by U.S. Bureau of Reclamation projects in both the upper Klamath and upper Trinity subbasins. Several hydroelectric projects in the upper Klamath subbasin affect flow patterns, and agricultural activities in the upper Klamath subbasin and tributaries and the Central Valley Project in the upper Trinity subbasin have reduced water yield from the basin. Water quality concerns were identified as elevated water temperatures and nutrient levels resulting from land use activities throughout the basin. Hydrologic and water quality impacts are partially mitigated in the lower Klamath by tributary inflow throughout the basin. The physical environment in the basin has been altered by land use practices and several major flood events. Alterations include loss of riparian vegetation and stream channel stability, loss of soil moisture storage capacity and infiltration potential, debris slides and logjams resulting in migration barriers, reduced supply of large woody debris for recruitment into the stream channel, and sedimentation of spawning and rearing habitat. Fish habitat in most lower Klamath tributaries has been surveyed and deficiencies as well as good quality habitat have been described. Significant production potential exists in most tributaries, however much restoration work needs to be completed to realize the potential. Habitat characteristics for the mainstem Klamath have not been described. Life history and production data are presented for target species and a brief review of sources for suitability criteria is presented. Harvest management and escapement for naturally spawning fall chinook salmon were reviewed from 1978 through 1993. Escapement has varied over the years but a general downward trend in naturally spawning fall chinook can be observed, particularly in recent years. Escapement goals for the Klamath basin varied from 115,000 in 1978 to an "emergency" floor of 27,000 in 1992. Actual escapement of naturally spawning adult fall chinook varied from a high of 113,000 in 1986 to a low of 11,600 in 1991. Escapement in 1978 totalled 58,500 and preliminary estimates of escapement in 1993 were 21,000 naturally spawning adults. Factors affecting production and subsequent stock size and escapement included variable ocean survival, degraded freshwater habitat conditions, the recent six-year drought, releases of large numbers of hatchery juveniles, and harvest management methodologies that have failed to adequately match harvest to predicted stock size. Differential harvest rates for Klamath and Trinity subbasin fall chinook have also complicated attempts to structure the harvest. Field reconnaisance surveys were conducted in spring and summer 1993 for the proposed mainstem Klamath study area. Two distinct river segments were identified based on macrohabitat characteristics. Microhabitat was classified within each river segment and mapped on USGS quadrangle maps. Cross section identification was postponed pending the decision to move forward with the flow study. Following the scoping tasks described above, conclusions and recommendations were developed. No information was reviewed that indicated the need for an instream flow study in the lower Klamath River. The two basic problems affecting anadromous fish production are degraded freshwater habitat and chronic underescapement. Coordination and planning for instream flow studies on a basin-wide scale was recommended. Biological data gaps were identified which need to be addressed before an instream flow study can be completed for the lower Klamath. Suitability criteria for habitat analysis also need to be identified. Habitat restoration and protection and proper management of anadromous fishery resources were identified as the highest priorities to begin restoration of anadromous stocks. Specific recommendations for habitat restoration included watershed and riparian zone restoration, barrier removal, instream habitat inventory, restoration, and monitoring, estuary studies, and description of streamflow characteristics for lower Klamath tributaries. Recommended fishery resource studies included collection of basic life history data, monitoring for adult escapement and juvenile production, description of estuary usage, effects of hatchery programs on both adult and juvenile wild fish, evaluation of the accelerated stocking program, and refinement of harvest management methodologies to achieve appropriate escapement of naturally spawning stocks into all subbasins.

54. [Image] Groundwater investigation of Bonanza Springs, Yonna, Poe and Langel valleys


	PURPOSE, SCOPE AND METHODOLOGY A reconnaissance study was designed to collect, compile, and analyze data to determine if ground-water use would interfere with surface water sources near Big Bonanza Springs. ...
	Citation Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Groundwater investigation of Bonanza Springs, Yonna, Poe and Langel valleys Author: Gorman, Kyle G. Year: 1994, 2004 PURPOSE, SCOPE AND METHODOLOGY A reconnaissance study was designed to collect, compile, and analyze data to determine if ground-water use would interfere with surface water sources near Big Bonanza Springs. The study was to last one year from July 1992 to June 1993. Periodic water level measurements and stream flow measurements have been made since June 1993, to create a more complete data set. Water level measurements in selected wells were made periodically to determine groundwater level fluctuations over time. A continuous water level recorder was installed in one well in September 1992 and is currently scheduled to run until spring 1994, when its status will be evaluated. The emphasis on work in the local area around Bonanza included monthly water level measurements, Lost River stream flow measurements, and Bonanza Springs weir measurements. This area has the highest concentration of wells, both domestic and irrigation, and is of particular interest because of the large aggregate discharge of groundwater in a short reach of the Lost River. To quantify the discharge of the Bonanza Springs, wading stream flow measurements were made above and below the section of the Lost River where groundwater is known to discharge. The difference between the two measurements was assumed to give the discharge of the springs in that reach. To correlate the overall flow of Bonanza Springs to the direct measurement of some of the discharge points, various-sized rectangular weirs were placed in the northern channel of the springs in the Big Bonanza Springs Park. The comparison could then be made by making sets of measurements at all locations in a single day. The total potential use was determined by summing the number of cubic feet per second (cfs) on the pending applications filed with OWRD for the appropriation of groundwater in the area within the study boundaries. This area coincides with the valley lowland areas. The total maximum rate of appropriation under terms of existing permits was determined by valley only in Langell Valley for the 1992 irrigation season. This was done by summing the individual rates in permits for irrigation, stock and domestic purposes, if any. This total included all issued permits and emergency drought permits exclusively from groundwater. Sample drill cuttings were collected from wells under construction during the study period within the study boundaries. The samples were examined in an effort to correlate geology defined in past studies with present knowledge. They were also used to conceptualize the subsurface geology. A video log of the well bore in which the continuous water level recorder was installed was done in early October 1992. Since this well was constructed prior to the requirement of a well drilling report, a video log of the rock types throughout the well bore was recorded. This information was important in evaluating static water level information also collected by the recorder. Title: Groundwater investigation of Bonanza Springs, Yonna, Poe and Langel valleys Author: Gorman, Kyle G. Year: 1994, 2004 PURPOSE, SCOPE AND METHODOLOGY A reconnaissance study was designed to collect, compile, and analyze data to determine if ground-water use would interfere with surface water sources near Big Bonanza Springs. The study was to last one year from July 1992 to June 1993. Periodic water level measurements and stream flow measurements have been made since June 1993, to create a more complete data set. Water level measurements in selected wells were made periodically to determine groundwater level fluctuations over time. A continuous water level recorder was installed in one well in September 1992 and is currently scheduled to run until spring 1994, when its status will be evaluated. The emphasis on work in the local area around Bonanza included monthly water level measurements, Lost River stream flow measurements, and Bonanza Springs weir measurements. This area has the highest concentration of wells, both domestic and irrigation, and is of particular interest because of the large aggregate discharge of groundwater in a short reach of the Lost River. To quantify the discharge of the Bonanza Springs, wading stream flow measurements were made above and below the section of the Lost River where groundwater is known to discharge. The difference between the two measurements was assumed to give the discharge of the springs in that reach. To correlate the overall flow of Bonanza Springs to the direct measurement of some of the discharge points, various-sized rectangular weirs were placed in the northern channel of the springs in the Big Bonanza Springs Park. The comparison could then be made by making sets of measurements at all locations in a single day. The total potential use was determined by summing the number of cubic feet per second (cfs) on the pending applications filed with OWRD for the appropriation of groundwater in the area within the study boundaries. This area coincides with the valley lowland areas. The total maximum rate of appropriation under terms of existing permits was determined by valley only in Langell Valley for the 1992 irrigation season. This was done by summing the individual rates in permits for irrigation, stock and domestic purposes, if any. This total included all issued permits and emergency drought permits exclusively from groundwater. Sample drill cuttings were collected from wells under construction during the study period within the study boundaries. The samples were examined in an effort to correlate geology defined in past studies with present knowledge. They were also used to conceptualize the subsurface geology. A video log of the well bore in which the continuous water level recorder was installed was done in early October 1992. Since this well was constructed prior to the requirement of a well drilling report, a video log of the rock types throughout the well bore was recorded. This information was important in evaluating static water level information also collected by the recorder.

55. [Image] IMST review of the USFWS and NMFS 2001 biological opinions on management of the Klamath Reclamation Project and related reports: a report of the Independent Multidisciplinary Science Team, Oregon Plan for Salmon and Watersheds


	This report is a review of scientific research done by various organizations involved in the Klamath Reclamation Project to assess the "status and management of coho salmon in the Klamath River and . . ...
	Citation Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: IMST review of the USFWS and NMFS 2001 biological opinions on management of the Klamath Reclamation Project and related reports: a report of the Independent Multidisciplinary Science Team, Oregon Plan for Salmon and Watersheds Author: Independent Multidisciplinary Science Team (Oregon) Year: 2003, 2004 This report is a review of scientific research done by various organizations involved in the Klamath Reclamation Project to assess the "status and management of coho salmon in the Klamath River and . . . management of Upper Klamath Lake and its watershed"; "April 16, 2003"; Includes bibliographical references (p. 104-112) Title: IMST review of the USFWS and NMFS 2001 biological opinions on management of the Klamath Reclamation Project and related reports: a report of the Independent Multidisciplinary Science Team, Oregon Plan for Salmon and Watersheds Author: Independent Multidisciplinary Science Team (Oregon) Year: 2003, 2004 This report is a review of scientific research done by various organizations involved in the Klamath Reclamation Project to assess the "status and management of coho salmon in the Klamath River and . . . management of Upper Klamath Lake and its watershed"; "April 16, 2003"; Includes bibliographical references (p. 104-112)

56. [Image] Recent paleolimnology of Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon


	Recent Paleolimnology of Upper Klamath Lake Eilers et al. 2001 ABSTRACT Sediment cores were collected from Upper Klamath Lake in October, 1998 and analyzed for 210Pb, 14C, 15N, N, P, C, Ti, Al, diatoms, ...
	Citation Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Recent paleolimnology of Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon Author: United States. Bureau of Reclamation Year: 2001, 2005 Recent Paleolimnology of Upper Klamath Lake Eilers et al. 2001 ABSTRACT Sediment cores were collected from Upper Klamath Lake in October, 1998 and analyzed for 210Pb, 14C, 15N, N, P, C, Ti, Al, diatoms, Pediastrum, and cyanobacterial akinetes. These results were used to reconstruct changes in water quality in Upper Klamath Lake over the last 150 years. The results showed that there was substantial mixing of the upper 10 cm of sediment, representing the previous 20 to 30 years. However, below that, 210Pb activity declined monotonically, allowing reasonable dating for the period from about 1850 to 1970. The sediment accumulation rates (SAR) showed a substantial increase in the 20th century. The increase in SAR corresponded with increases in erosional input from the watershed as represented by the increases in sediment concentrations of Ti and Al. The upper 20 cm of sediment (representing the last 150 years) also showed increases in C, N, P, and 15N. The increases in nutrient concentrations may be affected to various degrees by diagenetic reactions within the sediments, although the changes in concentrations also were marked by changes in the N:P ratio and in a qualitative change in the source of N as reflected in increasing S15N. The diatoms showed modest changes, particularly in the upper sediments, with increases in Asterionellaformosa, Stephanodiscus hantzschii, and S. parvus. Pediastrum, a green alga, was well-preserved in the sediments and exhibited a sharp decline in relative abundance in the upper sediments. Total cyanobacteria, as represented by preserved akinetes, exhibited only minor changes in the last 1000 years. However, a taxon which was formerly not present in the lake 150 years ago, Aphanizomenon, has shown major increases in recent decades. Although the mixing in the upper sediments prevents high-resolution temporal analysis of the recent history (e.g. last 30 years) of Upper Klamath Lake, the results demonstrate that major changes in water quality likely have occurred leading to a major modification of the phytoplankton assemblage. The changes in sediment composition are consistent with land use activities during this period that include substantial deforestation, drainage of wetlands, and agricultural activities associated with livestock and irrigated cropland. Title: Recent paleolimnology of Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon Author: United States. Bureau of Reclamation Year: 2001, 2005 Recent Paleolimnology of Upper Klamath Lake Eilers et al. 2001 ABSTRACT Sediment cores were collected from Upper Klamath Lake in October, 1998 and analyzed for 210Pb, 14C, 15N, N, P, C, Ti, Al, diatoms, Pediastrum, and cyanobacterial akinetes. These results were used to reconstruct changes in water quality in Upper Klamath Lake over the last 150 years. The results showed that there was substantial mixing of the upper 10 cm of sediment, representing the previous 20 to 30 years. However, below that, 210Pb activity declined monotonically, allowing reasonable dating for the period from about 1850 to 1970. The sediment accumulation rates (SAR) showed a substantial increase in the 20th century. The increase in SAR corresponded with increases in erosional input from the watershed as represented by the increases in sediment concentrations of Ti and Al. The upper 20 cm of sediment (representing the last 150 years) also showed increases in C, N, P, and 15N. The increases in nutrient concentrations may be affected to various degrees by diagenetic reactions within the sediments, although the changes in concentrations also were marked by changes in the N:P ratio and in a qualitative change in the source of N as reflected in increasing S15N. The diatoms showed modest changes, particularly in the upper sediments, with increases in Asterionellaformosa, Stephanodiscus hantzschii, and S. parvus. Pediastrum, a green alga, was well-preserved in the sediments and exhibited a sharp decline in relative abundance in the upper sediments. Total cyanobacteria, as represented by preserved akinetes, exhibited only minor changes in the last 1000 years. However, a taxon which was formerly not present in the lake 150 years ago, Aphanizomenon, has shown major increases in recent decades. Although the mixing in the upper sediments prevents high-resolution temporal analysis of the recent history (e.g. last 30 years) of Upper Klamath Lake, the results demonstrate that major changes in water quality likely have occurred leading to a major modification of the phytoplankton assemblage. The changes in sediment composition are consistent with land use activities during this period that include substantial deforestation, drainage of wetlands, and agricultural activities associated with livestock and irrigated cropland.

57. [Image] Geologic and hydrologic characterization and evaluation of the Basin and Range Province relative to the disposal of high-level radioactive waste [part 2 geologic and hydrologic characterization ]


	SUMMARY The geology and hydrology of the Basin and Range Province of the western conterminous United States are characterized in a series of data sets depicted in maps compiled for evaluation of prospective ...
	Citation Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Geologic and hydrologic characterization and evaluation of the Basin and Range Province relative to the disposal of high-level radioactive waste [part 2 geologic and hydrologic characterization ] Author: Bedinger, M. S.; Sargent, Kenneth A.; Reed, J. E. Year: 2008, 2005 SUMMARY The geology and hydrology of the Basin and Range Province of the western conterminous United States are characterized in a series of data sets depicted in maps compiled for evaluation of prospective areas for further study of geohydrologic environments for isolation of high-level radioactive waste. The data sets include: (1) Average precipitation and evaporation; (2) surface distribution of selected rock types; (3) tectonic conditions; and (4) surface- and ground-water hydrology and Pleistocene lakes and marshes. Rocks mapped for consideration as potential host media for the isolation of high-level radioactive waste are widespread and include argillaceous rocks, granitic rocks, tuffaceous rocks, mafic extrusive rocks, evaporites, and laharic breccias. The unsaturated zone, where probably as thick as 150 meters (500 feet), was mapped for consideration as an environment for isolation of high-level waste. Unsaturated rocks of various lithologic types are widespread in the Province. Tectonic stability in the Quaternary Period is considered the key to assessing the probability of future tectonism with regard to high-level radioactive waste disposal. Tectonic conditions are characterized on the basis of the seismic record, heat-flow measurements, the occurrence of Quaternary faults, vertical crustal movement, and volcanic features. Tectonic activity, as indicated by seismicity, is greatest in areas bordering the western margin of the Province in Nevada and southern California, the eastern margin of the Province bordering the Wasatch Mountains in Utah and in parts of the Rio Grande valley. Late Cenozoic volcanic activity is widespread, being greatest bordering the Sierra Nevada in California and Oregon, and bordering the Wasatch Mountains in southern Utah and Idaho. The arid to semiarid climate of the Province results in few perennial streams and lakes. A large part of the surface drainage is interior and the many closed basins commonly are occupied by playas or dry lake beds. The Province is divided into ground-water flow units defined on the basis of ground-water divides, ground-water flow lines, and surface streams that receive ground-water discharge. Ground water contains less than 500 milligrams per liter of dissolved solids throughout most of the Province. Ground water is more mineralized in areas underlain by evaporitic rocks, overlain by playas, and near saline lakes. Ground water is of the calcium, magnesium, or sodium bicarbonate type in the areas where dissolved-solids concentrations are less than 500 milligrams per liter, and of the calcium, magnesium, or sodium sulfate or chloride type where dissolved-solids concentrations are greater than 500 milligrams per liter. Geologic and hydrologic evidence is found for about 100 lakes and marshes that existed during the Pleistocene Epoch. The possibility of a recurrence of pluvial conditions, such as existed in the Pleistocene, is of concern in repository siting because of possible changes in hydrologic conditions. The Pleistocene lakes and marshes provide clues to the hydrology during pluvial climates. Title: Geologic and hydrologic characterization and evaluation of the Basin and Range Province relative to the disposal of high-level radioactive waste [part 2 geologic and hydrologic characterization ] Author: Bedinger, M. S.; Sargent, Kenneth A.; Reed, J. E. Year: 2008, 2005 SUMMARY The geology and hydrology of the Basin and Range Province of the western conterminous United States are characterized in a series of data sets depicted in maps compiled for evaluation of prospective areas for further study of geohydrologic environments for isolation of high-level radioactive waste. The data sets include: (1) Average precipitation and evaporation; (2) surface distribution of selected rock types; (3) tectonic conditions; and (4) surface- and ground-water hydrology and Pleistocene lakes and marshes. Rocks mapped for consideration as potential host media for the isolation of high-level radioactive waste are widespread and include argillaceous rocks, granitic rocks, tuffaceous rocks, mafic extrusive rocks, evaporites, and laharic breccias. The unsaturated zone, where probably as thick as 150 meters (500 feet), was mapped for consideration as an environment for isolation of high-level waste. Unsaturated rocks of various lithologic types are widespread in the Province. Tectonic stability in the Quaternary Period is considered the key to assessing the probability of future tectonism with regard to high-level radioactive waste disposal. Tectonic conditions are characterized on the basis of the seismic record, heat-flow measurements, the occurrence of Quaternary faults, vertical crustal movement, and volcanic features. Tectonic activity, as indicated by seismicity, is greatest in areas bordering the western margin of the Province in Nevada and southern California, the eastern margin of the Province bordering the Wasatch Mountains in Utah and in parts of the Rio Grande valley. Late Cenozoic volcanic activity is widespread, being greatest bordering the Sierra Nevada in California and Oregon, and bordering the Wasatch Mountains in southern Utah and Idaho. The arid to semiarid climate of the Province results in few perennial streams and lakes. A large part of the surface drainage is interior and the many closed basins commonly are occupied by playas or dry lake beds. The Province is divided into ground-water flow units defined on the basis of ground-water divides, ground-water flow lines, and surface streams that receive ground-water discharge. Ground water contains less than 500 milligrams per liter of dissolved solids throughout most of the Province. Ground water is more mineralized in areas underlain by evaporitic rocks, overlain by playas, and near saline lakes. Ground water is of the calcium, magnesium, or sodium bicarbonate type in the areas where dissolved-solids concentrations are less than 500 milligrams per liter, and of the calcium, magnesium, or sodium sulfate or chloride type where dissolved-solids concentrations are greater than 500 milligrams per liter. Geologic and hydrologic evidence is found for about 100 lakes and marshes that existed during the Pleistocene Epoch. The possibility of a recurrence of pluvial conditions, such as existed in the Pleistocene, is of concern in repository siting because of possible changes in hydrologic conditions. The Pleistocene lakes and marshes provide clues to the hydrology during pluvial climates.

58. [Image] Botrychium summit: 16 March 1993


	Cover title; Includes draft: Species conservation strategy: pumice grape fern, 1992, botrychium pumicola cov. in underw, Deschutes National Forest sensitive plant program
	Citation Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Botrychium summit: 16 March 1993 Author: Christine O. Hopkins Year: 1940, 2009, 2010 Cover title; Includes draft: Species conservation strategy: pumice grape fern, 1992, botrychium pumicola cov. in underw, Deschutes National Forest sensitive plant program Title: Botrychium summit: 16 March 1993 Author: Christine O. Hopkins Year: 1940, 2009, 2010 Cover title; Includes draft: Species conservation strategy: pumice grape fern, 1992, botrychium pumicola cov. in underw, Deschutes National Forest sensitive plant program

59. [Image] Klamath Project annual history, 1949


	Ill., maps (some color), photographs; Includes fiscal year financials, photographs, maps, crop and livestock yields, irrigation and drainage and irrigation pumping plant operations, WPA camp maintenance, ...
	Citation Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Klamath Project annual history, 1949 Author: United States. Bureau of Reclamation Year: 1949, 2008 Ill., maps (some color), photographs; Includes fiscal year financials, photographs, maps, crop and livestock yields, irrigation and drainage and irrigation pumping plant operations, WPA camp maintenance, etc.; Title covers: calendar years for 1949 - 1952; Description is based on: Klamath Project annual history for 1949; Dates of the beginning year(s) of publication are derived from May 1, 1903 to December 31, 1912, History of the Klamath Project and from the volume information on later volumes (v. 35) Klamath District and Klamath Project Annual history for 1945, dated December 1, 1946 Title: Klamath Project annual history, 1949 Author: United States. Bureau of Reclamation Year: 1949, 2008 Ill., maps (some color), photographs; Includes fiscal year financials, photographs, maps, crop and livestock yields, irrigation and drainage and irrigation pumping plant operations, WPA camp maintenance, etc.; Title covers: calendar years for 1949 - 1952; Description is based on: Klamath Project annual history for 1949; Dates of the beginning year(s) of publication are derived from May 1, 1903 to December 31, 1912, History of the Klamath Project and from the volume information on later volumes (v. 35) Klamath District and Klamath Project Annual history for 1945, dated December 1, 1946

60. [Image] Prescribed fire effects in the Panhandle area, Crater Lake National Park


	ill., maps; Final report in partial satisfaction of cooperative agreement CA-9000-8-0007, subagreement 7, National Park Service, Pacific Northwest Region; "Autumn 1988."
	Citation Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Prescribed fire effects in the Panhandle area, Crater Lake National Park Author: Swezy, Michael; Agee, James K Year: 1988, 2008 ill., maps; Final report in partial satisfaction of cooperative agreement CA-9000-8-0007, subagreement 7, National Park Service, Pacific Northwest Region; "Autumn 1988." Title: Prescribed fire effects in the Panhandle area, Crater Lake National Park Author: Swezy, Michael; Agee, James K Year: 1988, 2008 ill., maps; Final report in partial satisfaction of cooperative agreement CA-9000-8-0007, subagreement 7, National Park Service, Pacific Northwest Region; "Autumn 1988."

61. [Image] Status of Oregon's bull trout : distribution, life history, limiting factors, management considerations, and status


	EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Limited historical references indicate that bull trout Salvelinus confluentus in Oregon were once widely spread throughout at least 12 basins in the Klamath River and Columbia River ...
	Citation Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Status of Oregon's bull trout : distribution, life history, limiting factors, management considerations, and status Author: Buchanan, David V; Hanson, Mary L; Hooton, Robert M Year: 1997, 2007, 2005 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Limited historical references indicate that bull trout Salvelinus confluentus in Oregon were once widely spread throughout at least 12 basins in the Klamath River and Columbia River systems. No bull trout have been observed in Oregon's coastal systems. A total of 69 bull trout populations in 12 basins are currently identified in Oregon. A comparison of the 1991 bull trout status (Ratliff and Ho well 1992) to the revised 1996 status found that 7 populations were newly discovered and 1 population showed a positive or upgraded status while 22 populations showed a negative or downgraded status. The general downgrading of 32% of Oregon's bull trout populations appears largely due to increased survey efforts and increased survey accuracy rather than reduced numbers or distribution. However, three populations in the upper Klamath Basin, two in the Walla Walla Basin, and one in the Willamette Basin showed decreases in estimated population abundance or distribution. Some Oregon river basins have bull trout populations at extreme risk of extinction. This statewide status review listed only 19% of the bull trout populations in Oregon with a ulow risk of extinction" or "of special concern." Therefore, 81% of Oregon's bull trout populations are considered to be at a "moderate risk of extinction," "high risk of extinction," or "probably extinct." Populations in the Hood, Klamath, and Powder basins, as well as the Odell Lake population in the Deschutes basin, which contain only a few remaining bull trout, are examples of populations having a "moderate" or "high risk" of extinction. Approximately 55% of current bull trout distribution occurs on lands managed by the U.S. Forest Service. A much smaller proportion occurs on Bureau of Land Management managed lands (2%). Only 16% of current bull trout distribution occurs within a protected area defined as Wilderness, Wild and Scenic River, or within a National Park. The Northwest Forest Plan, Inland Native Fish Strategy, and Interim Strategies for Managing Anadromous Fish-producing Watersheds in Eastern Oregon and Washington, Idaho, and Portions of California have provided increased protection for bull trout habitat depending on their scope and geographic areas affected, and the extent to which they are being effectively implemented in watersheds containing bull trout. Recent reduction in timber production on National Forests (up to 50% in western Oregon National Forests and over 30% in eastern Oregon National Forests) should help improve riparian and stream habitat conditions for bull trout. The remaining bull trout distribution occurs on private, state, or tribal owned lands. A comparison of approximately 39 locations throughout the state with protective angling regulations on bull trout (in some areas more than one bull trout population is protected by one regulation) shows that all state managed areas were upgraded in a protective angling status or at least maintained in 1996 compared to 1989. Restrictive angling regulations prohibit angler harvest of all bull trout populations in Oregon except for one in the Deschutes Basin. Restrictive bull trout angling regulation changes (including the elimination of bull Vll trout harvest in all spawning areas) may be the major reasons why the Metolius River/Lake Billy Chinook and mainstem McKenzie River populations have shown significant increases in abundance. Statewide stocking of non-native brook trout, including the high lakes stocking program, has been discontinued in locations where managers believe brook trout could migrate downstream and potentially interact with native bull trout. Hatchery stocking of legal rainbow trout to promote recreational fisheries has been discontinued in most locations near bull trout populations to avoid incidental catch of bull trout. The spatial and temporal distributions of bull trout reported for each river basin in this status report should be used as an accurate baseline for fisheries managers. Current distribution and relative change of distribution should be useful indicators of population health and status. The GIS maps in this report provide a template to add new layers of data such as critical spawning and juvenile rearing areas, or as a method to compare distribution changes through time. Length frequency data are presented for most Oregon bull trout populations. This should provide estimates for the presence of multiple age classes and the percent of fluvial size life history component. Vlll Title: Status of Oregon's bull trout : distribution, life history, limiting factors, management considerations, and status Author: Buchanan, David V; Hanson, Mary L; Hooton, Robert M Year: 1997, 2007, 2005 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Limited historical references indicate that bull trout Salvelinus confluentus in Oregon were once widely spread throughout at least 12 basins in the Klamath River and Columbia River systems. No bull trout have been observed in Oregon's coastal systems. A total of 69 bull trout populations in 12 basins are currently identified in Oregon. A comparison of the 1991 bull trout status (Ratliff and Ho well 1992) to the revised 1996 status found that 7 populations were newly discovered and 1 population showed a positive or upgraded status while 22 populations showed a negative or downgraded status. The general downgrading of 32% of Oregon's bull trout populations appears largely due to increased survey efforts and increased survey accuracy rather than reduced numbers or distribution. However, three populations in the upper Klamath Basin, two in the Walla Walla Basin, and one in the Willamette Basin showed decreases in estimated population abundance or distribution. Some Oregon river basins have bull trout populations at extreme risk of extinction. This statewide status review listed only 19% of the bull trout populations in Oregon with a ulow risk of extinction" or "of special concern." Therefore, 81% of Oregon's bull trout populations are considered to be at a "moderate risk of extinction," "high risk of extinction," or "probably extinct." Populations in the Hood, Klamath, and Powder basins, as well as the Odell Lake population in the Deschutes basin, which contain only a few remaining bull trout, are examples of populations having a "moderate" or "high risk" of extinction. Approximately 55% of current bull trout distribution occurs on lands managed by the U.S. Forest Service. A much smaller proportion occurs on Bureau of Land Management managed lands (2%). Only 16% of current bull trout distribution occurs within a protected area defined as Wilderness, Wild and Scenic River, or within a National Park. The Northwest Forest Plan, Inland Native Fish Strategy, and Interim Strategies for Managing Anadromous Fish-producing Watersheds in Eastern Oregon and Washington, Idaho, and Portions of California have provided increased protection for bull trout habitat depending on their scope and geographic areas affected, and the extent to which they are being effectively implemented in watersheds containing bull trout. Recent reduction in timber production on National Forests (up to 50% in western Oregon National Forests and over 30% in eastern Oregon National Forests) should help improve riparian and stream habitat conditions for bull trout. The remaining bull trout distribution occurs on private, state, or tribal owned lands. A comparison of approximately 39 locations throughout the state with protective angling regulations on bull trout (in some areas more than one bull trout population is protected by one regulation) shows that all state managed areas were upgraded in a protective angling status or at least maintained in 1996 compared to 1989. Restrictive angling regulations prohibit angler harvest of all bull trout populations in Oregon except for one in the Deschutes Basin. Restrictive bull trout angling regulation changes (including the elimination of bull Vll trout harvest in all spawning areas) may be the major reasons why the Metolius River/Lake Billy Chinook and mainstem McKenzie River populations have shown significant increases in abundance. Statewide stocking of non-native brook trout, including the high lakes stocking program, has been discontinued in locations where managers believe brook trout could migrate downstream and potentially interact with native bull trout. Hatchery stocking of legal rainbow trout to promote recreational fisheries has been discontinued in most locations near bull trout populations to avoid incidental catch of bull trout. The spatial and temporal distributions of bull trout reported for each river basin in this status report should be used as an accurate baseline for fisheries managers. Current distribution and relative change of distribution should be useful indicators of population health and status. The GIS maps in this report provide a template to add new layers of data such as critical spawning and juvenile rearing areas, or as a method to compare distribution changes through time. Length frequency data are presented for most Oregon bull trout populations. This should provide estimates for the presence of multiple age classes and the percent of fluvial size life history component. Vlll

62. [Image] Mainstem Klamath River fall chinook spawning Redd survey : fiscal year 1995 and 1996


	ABSTRACT With the decreasing runs of natural fall chinook salmon* Oncorhmchus tshawytscha.inthe Klamath River basin, concerns were raised regarding the accuracy ma significance 01 me mainstem Klamath River ...
	Citation Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Mainstem Klamath River fall chinook spawning Redd survey : fiscal year 1995 and 1996 Author: Catalano, Mark Year: 1997, 2005 ABSTRACT With the decreasing runs of natural fall chinook salmon* Oncorhmchus tshawytscha.inthe Klamath River basin, concerns were raised regarding the accuracy ma significance 01 me mainstem Klamath River .1 chinook spawner estimates. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Coastal California Fish an - Wildlife Office (CCFWO) was funded through the Klamath River Fish and Wildlife Restoration Act (P. L.99-552) in the Fall of 1993-1996 to address this concern. The 1995 and 1996 survey season marked the third and fourth year that the CCFWO conducted investigations on the upper mainstem Klamath River to derive a reasonable estimate of natural * fall chinook spawners. A total of 339 redds were observed in the 1993 survey. In 1994 and 1995, redd counts increased to a total of 1,702 and 3,240 respectively. During the 1994 and 1995 spawning, seasons, there was evidence that unspawned surplus adult fall chinook salmon released from Iron Gate Hatchery (IGH) successfully spawned in the Klamath River. One hatchery fin clipped adult was observed spawning.30 miles downstream of the hatchery. In 1996, 1,372 redds were observed which wasa decrease of 43% from the previous year. There was complete retention of hatchery origin adults by IGH in 1996, although, the distribution of redds remained the same as previous years. With the new hatchery policy of excess return retention, mainstem escapement can now be considered a reasonable estimate of natural spawning adult chinook salmon. Reddsubstrate composition estimates remained consistent with previous spa- :g survey data. Based upon 210 redd measurements from 1995-1996, the average redd size L ...e mainstem of the Klamath River was 9.6 nr. The average pit depth, mound depth, and adjacent depth for 1995-1996 was similar to previous survey results. Redds were most common along the wetted channel margins with numerous redds observed in side channels with suitable gravel and water velocities. Unlike 1993 and 1994 some redds were observed by 1995 and 1996 survey crews in rnid-channei areas. Recreational suction dredge mining was present throughout the survey from the confluence of Scott River downstream to the confluence of Indian Creek, although only two redds were observed on recent dredge tailings. Under the existing mining regulations, adverse impacts on redds could occur below the Scon River without protection of spawning areas. Title: Mainstem Klamath River fall chinook spawning Redd survey : fiscal year 1995 and 1996 Author: Catalano, Mark Year: 1997, 2005 ABSTRACT With the decreasing runs of natural fall chinook salmon Oncorhmchus tshawytscha.inthe Klamath River basin, concerns were raised regarding the accuracy ma significance 01 me mainstem Klamath River .1 chinook spawner estimates. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Coastal California Fish an - Wildlife Office (CCFWO) was funded through the Klamath River Fish and Wildlife Restoration Act (P. L.99-552) in the Fall of 1993-1996 to address this concern. The 1995 and 1996 survey season marked the third and fourth year that the CCFWO conducted investigations on the upper mainstem Klamath River to derive a reasonable estimate of natural * fall chinook spawners. A total of 339 redds were observed in the 1993 survey. In 1994 and 1995, redd counts increased to a total of 1,702 and 3,240 respectively. During the 1994 and 1995 spawning, seasons, there was evidence that unspawned surplus adult fall chinook salmon released from Iron Gate Hatchery (IGH) successfully spawned in the Klamath River. One hatchery fin clipped adult was observed spawning.30 miles downstream of the hatchery. In 1996, 1,372 redds were observed which wasa decrease of 43% from the previous year. There was complete retention of hatchery origin adults by IGH in 1996, although, the distribution of redds remained the same as previous years. With the new hatchery policy of excess return retention, mainstem escapement can now be considered a reasonable estimate of natural spawning adult chinook salmon. Reddsubstrate composition estimates remained consistent with previous spa- *:g survey data. Based upon 210 redd measurements from 1995-1996, the average redd size L ...e mainstem of the Klamath River was 9.6 nr. The average pit depth, mound depth, and adjacent depth for 1995-1996 was similar to previous survey results. Redds were most common along the wetted channel margins with numerous redds observed in side channels with suitable gravel and water velocities. Unlike 1993 and 1994 some redds were observed by 1995 and 1996 survey crews in rnid-channei areas. Recreational suction dredge mining was present throughout the survey from the confluence of Scott River downstream to the confluence of Indian Creek, although only two redds were observed on recent dredge tailings. Under the existing mining regulations, adverse impacts on redds could occur below the Scon River without protection of spawning areas.

63. [Image] Public notice opening public lands to entry and announcing availability of water therefor : Public notice no. 45, October 8, 1947, Klamath Project Oregon-California, Part 2 - Tule Lake Division


	UNITED STATES DEPAXTMENT OF. THE INTERIOR BUREAU OF RECLAMATION Washington, D. C. Public Notice No. I45 October 8, 1947 KLAMATH PROJECT, OREMN - CALIFORNIA PAXT 2- TLILE LAKE DIVISION PUBLIC NOTICE ...
	Citation Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Public notice opening public lands to entry and announcing availability of water therefor : Public notice no. 45, October 8, 1947, Klamath Project Oregon-California, Part 2 - Tule Lake Division Author: United States. Bureau of Reclamation Year: 1947, 2005, 2004 UNITED STATES DEPAXTMENT OF. THE INTERIOR BUREAU OF RECLAMATION Washington, D. C. Public Notice No. I45 October 8, 1947 KLAMATH PROJECT, OREMN - CALIFORNIA PAXT 2- TLILE LAKE DIVISION PUBLIC NOTICE OPENING PUBLIC LANDS TO ENTRY AND ANNOUNCING AVAILABILITY OF WATER THRWOR 1. Public land for vhich water i s available and for + ich entry may be made.-- In pursuance of the Act of June 17, 1902 ( 32 Stat. 388) and acts amendatory thereof or supplementary thereto, it i s hereby announced that water w i l l be available beginning with the i r r i ~ a t i o ns eason of 1948, end thereafter, and that application may be made in accordance with t h i s notice, beeinnine a t 2: 00 p. m., October 22, 1947, for entry on public lands i n Part 2- file Lake Division of the KlamAth Project,, Oregon - California, as shown on approved farm unit plats on f i l e in the Office of the District Manaaer. Bureau of Reclamation. Klamath Falls. Oregon. and in the District Land Office a t Sacramento, ~ a l i r o r k a . These lands are dkcribed as fofiows:- . Mount Diablo Meridian. California Section 1 36 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 2 2 3 2 3 2 2 2 1 11 12 1 11 11 - Farm - Unit A B C D E F G H J A B C D E F K L A B Description Township 46 North. Ranp( e 5 % st Lots 1, 8 & ~"$ IE& ( T. C7 N., R. 5 E.) Lo* 10 Lots 2, 7 & 9 i ~ t ~ & Lots 3, 6 & SEN& Lots 12 and 15 Lot 18 ~ 4 SWk ~ 4 % E& E& Lots 4 & 5 Lots 13 & 14 ~ o1t & NNE~ Lot 2 & SE& NW~ Lot 3 Lot 20 swl. Srwt Lot 22 E!& '& a h t s 6 & 7 Lots 16 & 17 Lots 4 & 5 Lot 6 Lot 19 ww4 @ NWt Total Irri-gable Acres 86.7 81.9 84.6 84.2 72.9 73.8 71.4 72.0 n. 4 73.5 73.4 84.0 86.6 * 77.3 75.5' n. 8 68.8 75.2 Order of Selection Section 11 u 11 ll 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 35 35 34 35 34 35 35 36 36 6 6 7 6 7 7 7 - Farm - Unit C D E J A B C D E F G H A B C D i3 B C A B C A B D Total Irri- Description gable Acres Township 46 North. Rawe 5 East( contd. 1 L c t s 6 & 7 Lots 7 & 8 Lot 9 Township 427eh. Range 5 East Lots 12 & 13 Lots 11 & 14 Lot 9 $ 94 Lot 10 Lot 3 w& i Lots 4, 8 & 9 Township 46 North. Range 6 East Lcts 15, 16 & 18 Lots 6, 10, 17, 20 & 21 Lots 15, 16, Lots 22 & 23 Lots 7, 11, 17, 18, SZ$ NI+~ Lots 8, 12 & NE$ SW& Lots 9, U & sE$& Order of - Sslection 2. & nit of acreaKe for which entry may be made or water secured.-? he area of public land constituting each farm unit represents the acreage which, in the opinion of the Secretary of the Interior, may be reasonably reouired for the support of a family upon such land, and i s fixed a t the amount shown upon the farm unit plats referrcd to above. 3. Preference rinhts of veterans. Nature of reference.-- Pursuant to the provisions of the A- ct of September 27, 1944 ( 58 Stat. ai47>- dyt?;;; Acts of June 25, 1946 ( Public Law 440, 79th Congress, 2nd ~ e s s i o n ) , and May 31, 1947 ( Public Law 82, 80th Congress, 1st session), for a period of 90 days from the opening of these lands to entry, or u n t i l January 20, 1948, the lands described i n paragraph 1 above w i l l be opened t o entry to persons who a t the time of milking application f a l l within one of the following classes: ( 1) Persons, including persons under 21 years of age, who have served i n the Army, Navy, Marine Corps, or Coast Guard of the United States for a period of a t l e a s t 90 days a t any time on o r a f t e r September 16, 1940, and prior to the termination of the present war, and are honorably discharged therefrom. ( 2) Persons, including persons under 21 years of age, who have served i n said Amy, Nairy, Marine Corps or Coast Guard during such period, regardless of l e n ~ t ho f service, and are discharged on account of wounds received or disability incurred during such period i n the line of duty, or, subsequent t o a regular discharge, are furnished hospitalization or awarded compensation by the government on account of such wounds or disability. ( 3) Ihe spouse of any person i n e i t h e r of the above classes ( 1) and ( 2), provided such spouse has the consent of such person to exercise his o r her preference right under said Act. ( L) The surviving spouse of any person i n either of the above classes ( 1) and ( 2), or i n the case of the death or marriage of such spouse, the minor child or children of such person by a guardian duly appointed and o f f i c i a l l y accredited a t the Department of the Interior, ( 5) The surviving spouse of m p person whose death has resulted from wunds received or disability incurred i n l i n e of duty while s e r v i n ~ i n said Army, Navy, Marine Corps or Coast , Tuard during the aboveaentioned period, or i n the case of the death or mrriage of such spouse, the oinor child or children of such person by a guardian duly appointed and o f f i c i a l l y accreEited a t tile Department of the Interior. Provided, however, that persons claiming such preferences must be qualified t o make entry under the homestead laws and also possess the qualifications as t o industw, experience, character, capital, and physical fitness required of a l l entrymen and entrywomen under t h i s notice. b. Definition of honorable discharge.- An honorable discharge within the meaning of the Act of Septenber 27, 1964, as amended, shall mean: ( 1) Separation of the veteran from the service by means of an honorable discharge or a discharge under honorable conditions. ( 2) Transfer of the veteran with honorable service from such service to a reserve or r e t i r e d s t a t u s prior to the termination of the war, or ( 3) Ending of the period of such veteran's war service by reason of the temination of the war, even though the veteran remains i n the military or naval service of the United States. c. Submission of proof of veterans' status.- All applicants for farm units who claim veterans* preference must attach to t h e i r applications a photostatic, c e r t i f i e d , or authenticated copy of an o f f i c i a l document of the respective branch of the service involved which clearly indicates an honorable discharge or transfer to a reserve o r retired status or which constitutes eddence of other facts on which the claim for preference i's based. Where the preference i s claimed by the surviving spouse, or on behalf of the minor child or children, of a deceased veteran, proof of such relationship, of his military service, and of his death must be attached to the application. Where the preference i s claimed by the spouse of a livinz veteran, proof of such relationship, the written consent of such veteran, and proof of his military service as re, mired above must be attached to the application. 4. Qualifications required by the Reclamation Law.-- Pursuant to the provisions of subsection C, section I+. of the Act of December 5. 1924 ( L3 Stat. 702. 43 U. S. C. 433). the follow in^ are established as minimrun nualifications which, in'the opinion of the iocal examjning koe. rd, are necessary to insure the success of entrymen or entrywomen on reclamation farm units included under t h i s notice. Appli-cants must meet these qualifications, as determined by the exanAninc boerd, i n order to he considered for entry. Failure to meet them i n any single respect will be sufficient cause for rejection of an application. No credit wi'll be given : or qualifications i n excess of the minimum reouired. The minimum qualifications are as follows: l a. Character and industry.- The applicant must be possessed of honesty, temperate habits, t h r i f t , industry, seriousness of purpose, record of good moral conduct, an8 a bona f i d e i n t e n t t o engage in farming as an occupation. As part of each application, the applicant shall furnlsh three separate signed statements regarding the character and industry of the applicant. These statements may be prepared and signed by an ordained sinister, any commanding officer under whom the applicant served, a teacher or administrative o f f i c i a l of any recognized high school o r college, present or previous employer or any comparable individual or o f f i c i a l , not a relative, who i s personally acquainted with the applicant. The individuals signing these statements may be those l i s t e d in para-graph 17 of the farm application blank, referred to i n paragraph 6 of t h i s notice. \ b. Health.-- The applicant must be i n such physical condition as w i l l enable him t o engage i n n o m l farm labor. Any person who i s physically handicapped or afflicted with any condition which makes such a b i l i t y questionable must attach to his application the detailed statement of an examining physician which defines the limitation upon such a b i l i t y and i t s causes. c. Farm experienn. ( 1) Fam experience shall be of such a n a t ~ r ea s in the judgment of the examining board w i l l qualify the applicant to undertake the development and operation of an irrigated farm by modern methods. The applicmt must have had a minimum of twa years' full- time farm experience a f t e r attain-ing the age of 15 years. ' Iko years of study i n agricultural courses i n an accredited agricultural college or tw years of responsible technical work in agriculture, i f deemed by the examining board to be work which would contlribute toward successful farm operation, may be substituted for one year of full- time experience; pmvided that no more thnn one year's experience may be credited from such sources. . A farm youth having atteined the age of 15, who actually resided and wrked on a farm h i l e attending school, majr credit such part- time experience as equal to 50 percent of full- time experience. A l l fam experience must have been obtained since October 1, 1932. No advantage w i l l accrue from farming ex-perienae on irrigated land. ( 2) Applicants must furnish three separate statements each signed either by a Vocational Agricultural teacher, County Agent, Farmers Home Administration County Supervisor, A. A. A. County Chairman, an officer of any local farm organization, or by some other responsible person who has personal knowled~ e of the applicant's farm experience or has verified it to h i s satisfaction certifying t o the farm experience claimed i n paragraph 7 of the farm application blank. Forms to be used by these references accompany each farm application blank. ( 3) Women applicants must describe fully the farm a c t i v i t i e s i n which they have participated and the relation of any agricultural courses they have taken to farm operation and management. d. Capital.-- Each applicant must possess at least $ 2,000, consisting of cash or assets readily convertible into cash, such as United jtates Savings Bonds, or assets useful i n the operation of a fann, such as livestock, farm machinery and equipent. In addition, each applicant shall furnish, i n the space pmvided i n paragraph 11 of the farm application blank, a financial statement l i s t i n g all of h i s assets and all of h i s l i a b i l i t i e s , showing a net worth of a t l e a s t 92,000. " Possession of the minimum net Worth rewrement of at least $ 2,000 must be corroborated hy a statement of an o f f i c i a l of a bank, or other responsible and reputable private or public credit agency. This corroborative statement may be a separate attachment, or may be inserted at the bottom of page 3 of the farm application blank. e. liestilction re~ ardinp: l andsopresently owned on any Federal reclamation projects.- In addition, i n order to qualify for entry on project lands, applicants must not hold or own, within any Federal reclamation project, irrigable land for h i c h construction charges payable t o the United States have not been fully paid. Proofs of conformity with t h i s renuirement need not he furnished, but a check of proj-ect lands w i l l be made to determine e l i g i b i l i t y of applicants before, awards of farm units are nade. 5. Principal qualifications required by homestead laws.- Tne homestead laws reouire that an entrynan or entxyvmman: a. Must be a citizen of the United States or have declared an intention to become a citizen of the United Stntes. , . + b. Must not have exhausted the ri& t to make hoxestead entry on plblic land. c. Must not own more than 160 acres of land i n the TJnited States. d. Entrywomen who are married must be heads of families; t h i s requirement of the homestead law was not affected by the Act of September 27, 19WI. ( 58 Stat. 747), as amended. Nntrgmen and unmarried entrywomen must be 21 years of age or the head of a family, except that such minimum age reauirement is not applicable t o entrymen or unmarried entrywomen who have served in the Army, Navy, Marine Corps or Coast Guard of the United States for a period of a t l e a s t 90 days a t any time on or a f t e r September 16, 1940, and prior to the termination of the present war and are honorably discharged. Any applicant who i s renuired t o be the head of a family must submit proof of such status with his or her application. Complete information concerning qualifications for homesteading may be obtained from District Land. Offices or from the Bureau of Land Management, Washington 25, D. C. I 6. .& en. where. and how to amly for a farm unit. a. Application blanks.- Pay person desiring to acauire one of the p b l i c land units described i n t h i s notice must f i l l out the attached farm application blank. Additional application blanks may be obtained from the D i s t r i c t Manager, Bureau of Reclamation, P. 0. Box 312 ( quilding 61, Mmicipal Air-port), Klamath Falls, Oregon; Regional Director, Bureau of Reclamation, P. 0. Yox 25ll, Sacramento 10, California, or the Commissioner, Bureau of Reclamation, Washington 25, D. C. Each question on the farm application blank must be answered completely, with the exception that preference choice of farm units need not be listed i n the space provided on page J. b. Filing of applications and proofs.- An application for a, fann unit l i s t e d in paragraph 1 of t h i s notice must be f i l e d with the District Manager. hreau of Reclamation. P. 0. Box 312, ( Building 61, Municipal Airport), Klamath Falls, Oregon, in persoi or by mail. No advantage will accrue to an appli-- cant who presents h i s or her application i n person. Such an application must be accompanied by: ( I ) Proof of veteran's status i f veteranst nreference i s claimed; see above, paragraph 3 c. ( 2) Three statements as to character and industry; see above, pragraph 4 a. ( 3) statement of examining physician, i n case of disability; see above, praeraph 4 b. ( 4) Three statements corroborating the fanu experience cldm; see above, paragraph 4 c ( 2). ( 5 ) Corroboration of c a p i t a l assets; see above, paragraph 4 d. ( 6) Proof of status a s head of a family I f applicant i s a narried wman veteran, or a non-veteran under the age of 21; see above paragraph 5 d. c. Priority of applications.-- All applications f i l e d f o r the public land fam units l i s t e d i n t h i s notice w i l l be classified for priority purposeseas follows and considered i n the following order: ( 1) First Prioritg- G-.-- All applications fj led prior to 2: 00 p. m., Januarg 20, 1948, 4. which are accompanied by proof sufficient i n the opinion of the board t o establish e l i g i b i l i t y f o r veterans' preference, A l l such applications will be treated as simultaneously filed. ( 2) Second Przorit Grou .-. A11 applications f i l e d prior t o 2: 00 p. m., ~ anuary' 20, 1948, from applicants without veterans: prefzrence o r which are nvt accompanied hy proof sufficient in the ' A opinjon of the board. to establish e l i g i b i l i t y for veterans' preference. A l l such applications w i l l be t ~ e a t e da s simultaneously filed. . ( 3) Final Priority Grou..- All applications f i l e d after 2: 00 p. m., January 20, 1948, whether or not accompanied by proof relative t o veterans' preference. Such applications w i l l be con-sidered in the order i n which they are filed, i f any farm units become available for assignment to appli-cants within t h i s group. d. h l i c a t i o n s cannot be returned.--% ch application subnitted, including substantiating and supporting data, becomes a pert of the pemnent records of the Burem of Reclamation and cannot be returned to the applicant. \ 7. Selection of 2 G f i e d apulicants. a. 7?,, 7minin~ h- o~.-. b examining board of three nemhers has heen approved hy the Commissioner of Reclamation t o consider the fitness of each applicant t o undertake the development and operation of a farm on the Klamath Project. Careful investigations will he made t o verify the statercents and representntions made by .% pplicants in order t o determine t h e i r nualifications as prescribed in t h i s notice. b. Wsis of exami. n& t> s.-- The examinin& hoard will determine the eligibility for the award of a reclamation farm unit under subsection 4C of the Act of December 5, 1924. As stated ahove i n para-graph 4, applicants w i l l be judged on the basis of character, industry, fanning experience, and capital. No applicant w i l l be considered eligible who does not malify i n all respects, or who doe3 not, in the opinion of the board, possess the health and vigor to engage in farm work. Any f a l s i f i c a t i o n or fraudu-lent misrepresentation shall constitute ground for the dismalification of the applicant, the rejection of his application, the cancellation of his award, and/ or the cancellation of his entry. c. Procedure. ( 1) Pre1ivina~~ amination.-- If ah applicant f a i l s to make a prima facie case, that is, i f an ex- mLnation of h i s application discloses that he is not qualified i n respect to the requirements prescribed herein, the application shall be rejected and the applicant notified by the board of such rejection and the reasons therefor, and of h i s right to'appeal in writing to the Regional Director, Region 11, Bureau of Reclamation. Such written appeals must be filed within ten ( 10) days from the receipt of such notice with the District Kanager, Bureau of Reclamation, P. 0. 90x 312 ( Building 61, Municipal Airport), Klamath Falls, Oregon, who will forward them promptly t o the Regional Erector. If an appeal i s decided by the Regional Xrector i n favor of the applicant, the application will be referred to the examining board for inclusion i n the drawing. A l l decision3 on appeals will he based exclusively on information obtained prior t o rejection of the application by the examining board. The Kegional Director's decision on a l l appeals shall be a n a l . ( 2) Selection of a~ plicants.- After the expiration of the anpeal periods fixed by the ahoveaentioned notices, . wd in the absence of any pending appeals, the examining board shall conduct a public drawing from the names of the remaining applicants i n the First Priority Group, as defined i n parapaph 6 c. Qualified applicants need not be present a t the drawing i n order to participate therein. A t o t a l of 88 names ( twice the numher of puhlic land farm units to be awarded) shell be drawn snd numbered consecutively. The applicants whose names are so drawn may be closely investieated by the board to determine the authenticity and r e l i a b i l i t y of the infcnnation and proofs offered by them. This i n v e s t i ~ a t i o nm ay include a personal appearance before the board, i f the hoard determines that t h i s i s necessnry; should any applicant f a i l to com? ly with the hoard's renuest for a personal appearance, such f a i l u r e shall conatitute ground for rejection of his application. Any applicant, whose application is rejected by the board as a result of such investigation, shall he given notice of such rejection, setting forth the reasons therefor and advising the ap licant of his right t o appeal in writing to the Xegional Director. The provisions of paragraph 7 c ( 17 relative t o appeals shall be applicable to any such appeal, except that where any such appeal i s decided by the Regional Director in favor of the applicant such applicant shall retain the number assigned t o him a t the time of the drawing. After the expiration of all appeal periods fixed by notices given as above- provided, and i n - t h e absence of any pending appeals, those applicants whose applications remain unrejected and who hold the W, lowest numbers assigned a t the drawing, exclusive of those numbers assigned to rejected applications, shall be selected by the e x d n i n g board as the successful applicants. The balance of the 88 appli-cants whose applications remain unrejected shall be selected by the board as alternates. The board shall thereupon notify each successful applicant and each alternate of h i s selection and of his respective standing. The board shall thereupon notify a l l other remaining a l i c a n t s t h a t farm units will not becom available to than, except pursuant to subparagraph 7 c. ( 3)( 3bel ow. ( 3) Awarding of farm units. ( a) Upon the completi. on of any action which may become necessary by reason of any notices given, the examining board shall award farm units i n accordance with order of selection numbers assigned such units to the above- mentioned W, successful applicants i n the order in which t h e i r names are drawn without regard to preferences indicated by applicants for specific farm u n i t s o r otherwise. Each applicant to whom a farm unit has been awarded will be notified of t h a t f a c t by the board. Each such applicant shall have no right of entry for any other farm unit. If any such applicants f a i l to make application for homestead entry in conformity with the provisions of paragraph 9 below or t o comply with the other applicable renuircrrmente set out in said paragraph, the farm units awarded to them shall he awarded to alternates i n the order in which t h e i r names were dram and mbjact to the same condi-tions and reouirements as the 01% nal awards. ' he alternate withthe lowest number as assigned under the p= ovisions of paragraph 7 c. $ 1 hall tak( the place of the loweat numbered applicant m n g the f i r s t W* who f a i l s to make application for homestead entry. or disqualifies by failure to comply with the other rerpirmmts s e t forth i n paragraph 9 below; and the alternate with the second lowest number shall take the place of the second lowest numberad applicant who f a i l s t o make application for homestead entry or comply with the other mruiremmtr. Thm same procedure shall continue to apply u n t i l a l l f a n units have been awarded. ( b) The foregoing procedure h a l l continue u n t i l a l l fam units are finally disposed of to unrejected mpplicantr in the First Priority Group whose names have been drawn and whose applica-tions hnve been closely investigatd as provided herein. If units still remain to be awarded a f t e r a l l applications in the Pirst Priority Group have been procerrod, the foregoing procedure shall be applied i n the proceasing of applications in the Second Priority Group. If d t s . till remain t o b e awarded a f t e r all applications in the Second Priorlty Cmup have been processed, the foreg'oing procedure shall be applied in the'processing of applications i n the Pinal Priority Group, except that the board shall consider such applications in the order i n which they are f i l d i n lieu of conducting a drawing with reference thereto. ( 4) DeUmrg of notices.- All notices given to applicants pursuant to the provisions of paraeraph 7 c. and subparagraphs thereunder shall be i n writing and shall be delivered t o the respective applicants personally or sent to them by registered m a i l with return receipt requested. 8. ! Narn- against unlawful settlement.- No parson shall be permitted t o gain or exorcise any right under any settlement or occupation of any of the public lands covered by t h i s notice except under the terms and conditions prescribed by t h i s notice. 9. Payment of charms and filin,? of homestead applications.- After the 44 successful applicants have been selected, they & all be so notified hy the examininl~ board, and with such notice the examining hoard shall enclose a water rental application for the farm unit awarded which must be executed by the applicant and returned to the District Manager, Bureau of Reclamation, P. 0. Box 312 ( Buildiq 61, hnicipal Airport), Klamath Falls, Oregon, within ten ( 10) days from receipt thereof, to& her with the pdyment of the minimum water rental charge as specified i n uaragraph 10 a. hereof. Upon r e c e i ~ to f water rental application and payment of the amount due thereon, the examining board shall furnish each appli-cant a c e r t i f i c a t e statine that his qualifications to enter public lands as renuired by subsection C of Section 4 of the Act of December 5, 1924 ( W Stat. 702) have been uassed upon and approved by the examining board. Such c e r t i f i c a t e mast be attached by the applicant t o h i s homestead application which application must he f i l e d at the District Land Office of the Bureau of Land Management, Sacramento, California. Such homestead application must be f i l e d within t h i r t y ( 30) days from the date of the receipt by the applicant of said certificate. Failure to pay the water rental charge or to make appli-cation for homestead entry within the periods specified herein w l l l render the application subject to rejection, i n which event the examining board w i l l select the next listed alternate. 10. Charges payable by a l l water users,- The Reclamation Law provides that except during a ' ldeveloument ~ eriodl' fixed by the Secretary of the Interior water m y not be delivered for the irrina-tion of- lands- until an org& zation, satisfactory i n form and powers- to the Secretary, has entered into a contract with the United States prodding for the repayment of the project construction costs & ich are allocated to such irrigated lands. Pursuant to Section 2 ( 5 ) and 7 ( b) of the Rsclnmation Project Act, of 1939, ( 53 5tat. 1187), lands described i n paragraph 1 of t h i s plblic notice are hereby designated a developnent unit. The maximu developnent period for the lands so designsted i s fixed a t a period of four gears from and including the f i r s t year in which water i s delivered; provided, that such period may be reduced by supplemental mtice should the Secretary determine that the f u l l four- year period i s not reasonably necessarg. Before the end of tha developent period, a l l lands described i n said para-graph 1, must, therefore, be included within an organization of the type described and such organization must execute a contract cwering the repaynent of the construction costs allocated to such lands. a. Char~ es payable before execution of the r e p s p n t contract. ( 1) The minimum water rental charge f o r the irrigation season of 1948 and thereafter u n t i l further notice shall be three dollars ($ 3.00) per acre for each irrigable acre of land in the f a n unit, whether water i s used or not, which will entitle the entryman to two and one half ( a) acre- feet . of water per irrigable acre. Payment of this charge for the irrigation season of 1948 s h a l l be made at the time of filing water rental applications. ( 2) Additional water dl1 be firnished during the 1948 i r r i ~ a t i o n season and thereafter u n t i l further notice up to a limit of three and one half ( 33) acre- feet per irrieable acre at the rate of f i f t y cents ( 80.50) per acre- foot and a11 further nuantities a t seventy- five cents ( w. 75) per acre-foot. Charges for the additional water are to be paid on or before hcember 1 of the year in which used. No water shall be delivered to the water uemr in mbsequent years u n t i l a l l such charges have been paid in full. ( 3) In the event any applicant does not receive notice of the award of a farm unit u n t i l a f t e r June 15, 1948, payment shall be a minimum charge of three dollars ($ 3.00) per acre, which payment shall apply as a credit on the minimum charge for the following irrieation season. ( h) The foregoing charges are subject t o a l l provisions of the Federal Reclamation Law relative to collections and penalties for delinquencies. The charges w i l l be paid a t the office of the Bureau of Reclamation, Klamath Falls, Oregon. Future charges dll be announced by future order o r public notice. 6. b. Charges payable a f t e r execution of the repayment contract.- Subsequent to the execution of the repayment contract, and i n accordance with the terms thereof, water users will pay an annual charge per acre t o meet operation and maintenance costs and t o repay t o the government that portion of the constmction costs allocated to Part 2, Tule Lake Division. On the date of issue of t h i s puhlic notice, it i s impracticablr to determine ( 1) the t o t a l construction cost of Part 2, Tule Iake Divlsion distributary system; ( 2) the allocation of costs to Part 2, ' We Lake Division of tho Klamath Federal Reclamation Pmject, and ( 3) the ultimate water- service area of the Division. Accorrlingly, no exact statmnent as t o the t o t a l and per acre construction charge t o be made against the lands opened in t h i s puhlic notice i s practicable, When the t o t a l construction charge has been detedned and allocated by the Secretary of the Interior, and a repapent c o n t r q ~ tn egotiated with the irrigation d i s t r i c t , a supplementary notice announcing the t o t a l and per acre charges will be issued. 11. A l l land to be i ~ c l u d e di ~- i- r1ii~ t~ qnn( 1- i= t_~ i~.- 5acwh ater rental appliciltion for land covered by t h i s plblic notice shall be made on Form 7- 39 and the followine clause shall be inserted a5 the bottom of wid form: " 1 agree to the inclusion of my land i n an irrigation d i s t r i c t and I agree'also to p r t i c i p a t e in the organization of ? n i r r i ~ a t i o nd i s t r i c t at the earliest practicable date." 12. Reservation of riphts- of- way for county. state. and Federal highwzys and access roads.- Rights- of- way are reserved for county, s t a t e and Federal highways and access roads to the f ~ r mu nits shown on said plats along section lines and other lines shown in red on the farm plats. 13. Reservation of ri& ts- of- wau for publicdwned utilities.- Kightsdf- way are reserved for covernment- owned telephone, electric transmission, water and sewer lines, and water treating and pump ing plants, as now constructed, a d the secretary of the Interior reserves the r i g h t t o locate such other gwenwent- owned f a c i l i t i e s over and across the farm units above descri! md as hereafter, i n his opinion, may be necessary f o r the proper construction, operation, and maintenance of the said project. 14. Effect of relinquishment.-- In tho event that any entry of public land made hereunder shall be' relinauished ot any time prior to actual residence upon the land by the entrynan for not less than one year, the land so relinquished shall not be subject to entry for a period of 60 days a f t e r the f i l i n g and nctation of the relinnuishment i n " he Cistrict Land Office. Applicfltions conforming to the reqhire-ments of t h i s public notice may be f i l e d for a period of 15 days a f t e r the expiration of said 60- day period. Ach applications w i l l be considered ard processed anrl awards made pursuant to the provisions of paragraphs 7 and 9 of this public notice. 15. Waiver of mineral rights.-- All homestead entries f o r the ahove- described farm units will he subject to the laws of the United States governing mineral land, and all homestead applicarts under this notice must waive the rij< ht t o the mineral content of the land, i f required to do so by tke hrea. 1 of Lwd Ifanagement; otherwise the homestead applications will he rnjected o r the homestead entry or entries canceled. 16. Flood hazard.-- The lands to he entered are reclaimed lands lyiw in the former bed of Tnle Lake and m y be subject t o flooding and invndation during extremely wet nesrs. The Sureau of 2ecla1rstion i s now engaged i n the constmction of additionel works which, when completed, w i l l nrov5. de reasonnble flood protection. Settlers are warned, however, that i n case- of extreme mnoff result in^ in the fl. ood-iny of any of the lands, the government assumes no responsitdlity for dmare to persons or property caused by such flooding. Assistant Secretary of the Interior Title: Public notice opening public lands to entry and announcing availability of water therefor : Public notice no. 45, October 8, 1947, Klamath Project Oregon-California, Part 2 - Tule Lake Division Author: United States. Bureau of Reclamation Year: 1947, 2005, 2004 UNITED STATES DEPAXTMENT OF. THE INTERIOR BUREAU OF RECLAMATION Washington, D. C. Public Notice No. I45 October 8, 1947 KLAMATH PROJECT, OREMN - CALIFORNIA PAXT 2- TLILE LAKE DIVISION PUBLIC NOTICE OPENING PUBLIC LANDS TO ENTRY AND ANNOUNCING AVAILABILITY OF WATER THRWOR 1. Public land for vhich water i s available and for + ich entry may be made.-- In pursuance of the Act of June 17, 1902 ( 32 Stat. 388) and acts amendatory thereof or supplementary thereto, it i s hereby announced that water w i l l be available beginning with the i r r i ~ a t i o ns eason of 1948, end thereafter, and that application may be made in accordance with t h i s notice, beeinnine a t 2: 00 p. m., October 22, 1947, for entry on public lands i n Part 2- file Lake Division of the KlamAth Project,, Oregon - California, as shown on approved farm unit plats on f i l e in the Office of the District Manaaer. Bureau of Reclamation. Klamath Falls. Oregon. and in the District Land Office a t Sacramento, ~ a l i r o r k a . These lands are dkcribed as fofiows:- . Mount Diablo Meridian. California Section 1 36 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 2 2 3 2 3 2 2 2 1 11 12 1 11 11 - Farm - Unit A B C D E F G H J A B C D E F K L A B Description Township 46 North. Ranp( e 5 % st Lots 1, 8 & ~"$ IE& ( T. C7 N., R. 5 E.) Lo* 10 Lots 2, 7 & 9 i ~ t ~ & Lots 3, 6 & SEN& Lots 12 and 15 Lot 18 ~ 4 SWk ~ 4 % E& E& Lots 4 & 5 Lots 13 & 14 ~ o1t & NNE~ Lot 2 & SE& NW~ Lot 3 Lot 20 swl. Srwt Lot 22 E!& '& a h t s 6 & 7 Lots 16 & 17 Lots 4 & 5 Lot 6 Lot 19 ww4 @ NWt Total Irri-gable Acres 86.7 81.9 84.6 84.2 72.9 73.8 71.4 72.0 n. 4 73.5 73.4 84.0 86.6 * 77.3 75.5' n. 8 68.8 75.2 Order of Selection Section 11 u 11 ll 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 35 35 34 35 34 35 35 36 36 6 6 7 6 7 7 7 - Farm - Unit C D E J A B C D E F G H A B C D i3 B C A B C A B D Total Irri- Description gable Acres Township 46 North. Rawe 5 East( contd. 1 L c t s 6 & 7 Lots 7 & 8 Lot 9 Township 427eh. Range 5 East Lots 12 & 13 Lots 11 & 14 Lot 9 $ 94 Lot 10 Lot 3 w& i Lots 4, 8 & 9 Township 46 North. Range 6 East Lcts 15, 16 & 18 Lots 6, 10, 17, 20 & 21 Lots 15, 16, Lots 22 & 23 Lots 7, 11, 17, 18, SZ$ NI+~ Lots 8, 12 & NE$ SW& Lots 9, U & sE$& Order of - Sslection 2. & nit of acreaKe for which entry may be made or water secured.-? he area of public land constituting each farm unit represents the acreage which, in the opinion of the Secretary of the Interior, may be reasonably reouired for the support of a family upon such land, and i s fixed a t the amount shown upon the farm unit plats referrcd to above. 3. Preference rinhts of veterans. Nature of reference.-- Pursuant to the provisions of the A- ct of September 27, 1944 ( 58 Stat. ai47>- dyt?;;; Acts of June 25, 1946 ( Public Law 440, 79th Congress, 2nd ~ e s s i o n ) , and May 31, 1947 ( Public Law 82, 80th Congress, 1st session), for a period of 90 days from the opening of these lands to entry, or u n t i l January 20, 1948, the lands described i n paragraph 1 above w i l l be opened t o entry to persons who a t the time of milking application f a l l within one of the following classes: ( 1) Persons, including persons under 21 years of age, who have served i n the Army, Navy, Marine Corps, or Coast Guard of the United States for a period of a t l e a s t 90 days a t any time on o r a f t e r September 16, 1940, and prior to the termination of the present war, and are honorably discharged therefrom. ( 2) Persons, including persons under 21 years of age, who have served i n said Amy, Nairy, Marine Corps or Coast Guard during such period, regardless of l e n ~ t ho f service, and are discharged on account of wounds received or disability incurred during such period i n the line of duty, or, subsequent t o a regular discharge, are furnished hospitalization or awarded compensation by the government on account of such wounds or disability. ( 3) Ihe spouse of any person i n e i t h e r of the above classes ( 1) and ( 2), provided such spouse has the consent of such person to exercise his o r her preference right under said Act. ( L) The surviving spouse of any person i n either of the above classes ( 1) and ( 2), or i n the case of the death or marriage of such spouse, the minor child or children of such person by a guardian duly appointed and o f f i c i a l l y accredited a t the Department of the Interior, ( 5) The surviving spouse of m p person whose death has resulted from wunds received or disability incurred i n l i n e of duty while s e r v i n ~ i n said Army, Navy, Marine Corps or Coast , Tuard during the aboveaentioned period, or i n the case of the death or mrriage of such spouse, the oinor child or children of such person by a guardian duly appointed and o f f i c i a l l y accreEited a t tile Department of the Interior. Provided, however, that persons claiming such preferences must be qualified t o make entry under the homestead laws and also possess the qualifications as t o industw, experience, character, capital, and physical fitness required of a l l entrymen and entrywomen under t h i s notice. b. Definition of honorable discharge.- An honorable discharge within the meaning of the Act of Septenber 27, 1964, as amended, shall mean: ( 1) Separation of the veteran from the service by means of an honorable discharge or a discharge under honorable conditions. ( 2) Transfer of the veteran with honorable service from such service to a reserve or r e t i r e d s t a t u s prior to the termination of the war, or ( 3) Ending of the period of such veteran's war service by reason of the temination of the war, even though the veteran remains i n the military or naval service of the United States. c. Submission of proof of veterans' status.- All applicants for farm units who claim veterans* preference must attach to t h e i r applications a photostatic, c e r t i f i e d , or authenticated copy of an o f f i c i a l document of the respective branch of the service involved which clearly indicates an honorable discharge or transfer to a reserve o r retired status or which constitutes eddence of other facts on which the claim for preference i's based. Where the preference i s claimed by the surviving spouse, or on behalf of the minor child or children, of a deceased veteran, proof of such relationship, of his military service, and of his death must be attached to the application. Where the preference i s claimed by the spouse of a livinz veteran, proof of such relationship, the written consent of such veteran, and proof of his military service as re, mired above must be attached to the application. 4. Qualifications required by the Reclamation Law.-- Pursuant to the provisions of subsection C, section I+. of the Act of December 5. 1924 ( L3 Stat. 702. 43 U. S. C. 433). the follow in^ are established as minimrun nualifications which, in'the opinion of the iocal examjning koe. rd, are necessary to insure the success of entrymen or entrywomen on reclamation farm units included under t h i s notice. Appli-cants must meet these qualifications, as determined by the exanAninc boerd, i n order to he considered for entry. Failure to meet them i n any single respect will be sufficient cause for rejection of an application. No credit wi'll be given : or qualifications i n excess of the minimum reouired. The minimum qualifications are as follows: l a. Character and industry.- The applicant must be possessed of honesty, temperate habits, t h r i f t , industry, seriousness of purpose, record of good moral conduct, an8 a bona f i d e i n t e n t t o engage in farming as an occupation. As part of each application, the applicant shall furnlsh three separate signed statements regarding the character and industry of the applicant. These statements may be prepared and signed by an ordained sinister, any commanding officer under whom the applicant served, a teacher or administrative o f f i c i a l of any recognized high school o r college, present or previous employer or any comparable individual or o f f i c i a l , not a relative, who i s personally acquainted with the applicant. The individuals signing these statements may be those l i s t e d in para-graph 17 of the farm application blank, referred to i n paragraph 6 of t h i s notice. \ b. Health.-- The applicant must be i n such physical condition as w i l l enable him t o engage i n n o m l farm labor. Any person who i s physically handicapped or afflicted with any condition which makes such a b i l i t y questionable must attach to his application the detailed statement of an examining physician which defines the limitation upon such a b i l i t y and i t s causes. c. Farm experienn. ( 1) Fam experience shall be of such a n a t ~ r ea s in the judgment of the examining board w i l l qualify the applicant to undertake the development and operation of an irrigated farm by modern methods. The applicmt must have had a minimum of twa years' full- time farm experience a f t e r attain-ing the age of 15 years. ' Iko years of study i n agricultural courses i n an accredited agricultural college or tw years of responsible technical work in agriculture, i f deemed by the examining board to be work which would contlribute toward successful farm operation, may be substituted for one year of full- time experience; pmvided that no more thnn one year's experience may be credited from such sources. . A farm youth having atteined the age of 15, who actually resided and wrked on a farm h i l e attending school, majr credit such part- time experience as equal to 50 percent of full- time experience. A l l fam experience must have been obtained since October 1, 1932. No advantage w i l l accrue from farming ex-perienae on irrigated land. ( 2) Applicants must furnish three separate statements each signed either by a Vocational Agricultural teacher, County Agent, Farmers Home Administration County Supervisor, A. A. A. County Chairman, an officer of any local farm organization, or by some other responsible person who has personal knowled~ e of the applicant's farm experience or has verified it to h i s satisfaction certifying t o the farm experience claimed i n paragraph 7 of the farm application blank. Forms to be used by these references accompany each farm application blank. ( 3) Women applicants must describe fully the farm a c t i v i t i e s i n which they have participated and the relation of any agricultural courses they have taken to farm operation and management. d. Capital.-- Each applicant must possess at least $ 2,000, consisting of cash or assets readily convertible into cash, such as United jtates Savings Bonds, or assets useful i n the operation of a fann, such as livestock, farm machinery and equipent. In addition, each applicant shall furnish, i n the space pmvided i n paragraph 11 of the farm application blank, a financial statement l i s t i n g all of h i s assets and all of h i s l i a b i l i t i e s , showing a net worth of a t l e a s t 92,000. " Possession of the minimum net Worth rewrement of at least $ 2,000 must be corroborated hy a statement of an o f f i c i a l of a bank, or other responsible and reputable private or public credit agency. This corroborative statement may be a separate attachment, or may be inserted at the bottom of page 3 of the farm application blank. e. liestilction re~ ardinp: l andsopresently owned on any Federal reclamation projects.- In addition, i n order to qualify for entry on project lands, applicants must not hold or own, within any Federal reclamation project, irrigable land for h i c h construction charges payable t o the United States have not been fully paid. Proofs of conformity with t h i s renuirement need not he furnished, but a check of proj-ect lands w i l l be made to determine e l i g i b i l i t y of applicants before, awards of farm units are nade. 5. Principal qualifications required by homestead laws.- Tne homestead laws reouire that an entrynan or entxyvmman: a. Must be a citizen of the United States or have declared an intention to become a citizen of the United Stntes. , . + b. Must not have exhausted the ri& t to make hoxestead entry on plblic land. c. Must not own more than 160 acres of land i n the TJnited States. d. Entrywomen who are married must be heads of families; t h i s requirement of the homestead law was not affected by the Act of September 27, 19WI. ( 58 Stat. 747), as amended. Nntrgmen and unmarried entrywomen must be 21 years of age or the head of a family, except that such minimum age reauirement is not applicable t o entrymen or unmarried entrywomen who have served in the Army, Navy, Marine Corps or Coast Guard of the United States for a period of a t l e a s t 90 days a t any time on or a f t e r September 16, 1940, and prior to the termination of the present war and are honorably discharged. Any applicant who i s renuired t o be the head of a family must submit proof of such status with his or her application. Complete information concerning qualifications for homesteading may be obtained from District Land. Offices or from the Bureau of Land Management, Washington 25, D. C. I 6. .& en. where. and how to amly for a farm unit. a. Application blanks.- Pay person desiring to acauire one of the p b l i c land units described i n t h i s notice must f i l l out the attached farm application blank. Additional application blanks may be obtained from the D i s t r i c t Manager, Bureau of Reclamation, P. 0. Box 312 ( quilding 61, Mmicipal Air-port), Klamath Falls, Oregon; Regional Director, Bureau of Reclamation, P. 0. Yox 25ll, Sacramento 10, California, or the Commissioner, Bureau of Reclamation, Washington 25, D. C. Each question on the farm application blank must be answered completely, with the exception that preference choice of farm units need not be listed i n the space provided on page J. b. Filing of applications and proofs.- An application for a, fann unit l i s t e d in paragraph 1 of t h i s notice must be f i l e d with the District Manager. hreau of Reclamation. P. 0. Box 312, ( Building 61, Municipal Airport), Klamath Falls, Oregon, in persoi or by mail. No advantage will accrue to an appli-- cant who presents h i s or her application i n person. Such an application must be accompanied by: ( I ) Proof of veteran's status i f veteranst nreference i s claimed; see above, paragraph 3 c. ( 2) Three statements as to character and industry; see above, pragraph 4 a. ( 3) statement of examining physician, i n case of disability; see above, praeraph 4 b. ( 4) Three statements corroborating the fanu experience cldm; see above, paragraph 4 c ( 2). ( 5 ) Corroboration of c a p i t a l assets; see above, paragraph 4 d. ( 6) Proof of status a s head of a family I f applicant i s a narried wman veteran, or a non-veteran under the age of 21; see above paragraph 5 d. c. Priority of applications.-- All applications f i l e d f o r the public land fam units l i s t e d i n t h i s notice w i l l be classified for priority purposeseas follows and considered i n the following order: ( 1) First Prioritg- G-.-- All applications fj led prior to 2: 00 p. m., Januarg 20, 1948, 4. which are accompanied by proof sufficient i n the opinion of the board t o establish e l i g i b i l i t y f o r veterans' preference, A l l such applications will be treated as simultaneously filed. ( 2) Second Przorit Grou .-. A11 applications f i l e d prior t o 2: 00 p. m., ~ anuary' 20, 1948, from applicants without veterans: prefzrence o r which are nvt accompanied hy proof sufficient in the ' A opinjon of the board. to establish e l i g i b i l i t y for veterans' preference. A l l such applications w i l l be t ~ e a t e da s simultaneously filed. . ( 3) Final Priority Grou..- All applications f i l e d after 2: 00 p. m., January 20, 1948, whether or not accompanied by proof relative t o veterans' preference. Such applications w i l l be con-sidered in the order i n which they are filed, i f any farm units become available for assignment to appli-cants within t h i s group. d. h l i c a t i o n s cannot be returned.--% ch application subnitted, including substantiating and supporting data, becomes a pert of the pemnent records of the Burem of Reclamation and cannot be returned to the applicant. \ 7. Selection of 2 G f i e d apulicants. a. 7?,, 7minin~ h- o~.-. b examining board of three nemhers has heen approved hy the Commissioner of Reclamation t o consider the fitness of each applicant t o undertake the development and operation of a farm on the Klamath Project. Careful investigations will he made t o verify the statercents and representntions made by .% pplicants in order t o determine t h e i r nualifications as prescribed in t h i s notice. b. Wsis of exami. n& t> s.-- The examinin& hoard will determine the eligibility for the award of a reclamation farm unit under subsection 4C of the Act of December 5, 1924. As stated ahove i n para-graph 4, applicants w i l l be judged on the basis of character, industry, fanning experience, and capital. No applicant w i l l be considered eligible who does not malify i n all respects, or who doe3 not, in the opinion of the board, possess the health and vigor to engage in farm work. Any f a l s i f i c a t i o n or fraudu-lent misrepresentation shall constitute ground for the dismalification of the applicant, the rejection of his application, the cancellation of his award, and/ or the cancellation of his entry. c. Procedure. ( 1) Pre1ivina~~ amination.-- If ah applicant f a i l s to make a prima facie case, that is, i f an ex- mLnation of h i s application discloses that he is not qualified i n respect to the requirements prescribed herein, the application shall be rejected and the applicant notified by the board of such rejection and the reasons therefor, and of h i s right to'appeal in writing to the Regional Director, Region 11, Bureau of Reclamation. Such written appeals must be filed within ten ( 10) days from the receipt of such notice with the District Kanager, Bureau of Reclamation, P. 0. 90x 312 ( Building 61, Municipal Airport), Klamath Falls, Oregon, who will forward them promptly t o the Regional Erector. If an appeal i s decided by the Regional Xrector i n favor of the applicant, the application will be referred to the examining board for inclusion i n the drawing. A l l decision3 on appeals will he based exclusively on information obtained prior t o rejection of the application by the examining board. The Kegional Director's decision on a l l appeals shall be a n a l . ( 2) Selection of a~ plicants.- After the expiration of the anpeal periods fixed by the ahoveaentioned notices, . wd in the absence of any pending appeals, the examining board shall conduct a public drawing from the names of the remaining applicants i n the First Priority Group, as defined i n parapaph 6 c. Qualified applicants need not be present a t the drawing i n order to participate therein. A t o t a l of 88 names ( twice the numher of puhlic land farm units to be awarded) shell be drawn snd numbered consecutively. The applicants whose names are so drawn may be closely investieated by the board to determine the authenticity and r e l i a b i l i t y of the infcnnation and proofs offered by them. This i n v e s t i ~ a t i o nm ay include a personal appearance before the board, i f the hoard determines that t h i s i s necessnry; should any applicant f a i l to com? ly with the hoard's renuest for a personal appearance, such f a i l u r e shall conatitute ground for rejection of his application. Any applicant, whose application is rejected by the board as a result of such investigation, shall he given notice of such rejection, setting forth the reasons therefor and advising the ap licant of his right t o appeal in writing to the Xegional Director. The provisions of paragraph 7 c ( 17 relative t o appeals shall be applicable to any such appeal, except that where any such appeal i s decided by the Regional Director in favor of the applicant such applicant shall retain the number assigned t o him a t the time of the drawing. After the expiration of all appeal periods fixed by notices given as above- provided, and i n - t h e absence of any pending appeals, those applicants whose applications remain unrejected and who hold the W, lowest numbers assigned a t the drawing, exclusive of those numbers assigned to rejected applications, shall be selected by the e x d n i n g board as the successful applicants. The balance of the 88 appli-cants whose applications remain unrejected shall be selected by the board as alternates. The board shall thereupon notify each successful applicant and each alternate of h i s selection and of his respective standing. The board shall thereupon notify a l l other remaining a l i c a n t s t h a t farm units will not becom available to than, except pursuant to subparagraph 7 c. ( 3)( 3bel ow. ( 3) Awarding of farm units. ( a) Upon the completi. on of any action which may become necessary by reason of any notices given, the examining board shall award farm units i n accordance with order of selection numbers assigned such units to the above- mentioned W, successful applicants i n the order in which t h e i r names are drawn without regard to preferences indicated by applicants for specific farm u n i t s o r otherwise. Each applicant to whom a farm unit has been awarded will be notified of t h a t f a c t by the board. Each such applicant shall have no right of entry for any other farm unit. If any such applicants f a i l to make application for homestead entry in conformity with the provisions of paragraph 9 below or t o comply with the other applicable renuircrrmente set out in said paragraph, the farm units awarded to them shall he awarded to alternates i n the order in which t h e i r names were dram and mbjact to the same condi-tions and reouirements as the 01% nal awards. ' he alternate withthe lowest number as assigned under the p= ovisions of paragraph 7 c. $ 1 hall tak( the place of the loweat numbered applicant m n g the f i r s t W* who f a i l s to make application for homestead entry. or disqualifies by failure to comply with the other rerpirmmts s e t forth i n paragraph 9 below; and the alternate with the second lowest number shall take the place of the second lowest numberad applicant who f a i l s t o make application for homestead entry or comply with the other mruiremmtr. Thm same procedure shall continue to apply u n t i l a l l f a n units have been awarded. ( b) The foregoing procedure h a l l continue u n t i l a l l fam units are finally disposed of to unrejected mpplicantr in the First Priority Group whose names have been drawn and whose applica-tions hnve been closely investigatd as provided herein. If units still remain to be awarded a f t e r a l l applications in the Pirst Priority Group have been procerrod, the foregoing procedure shall be applied i n the proceasing of applications in the Second Priority Group. If d t s . till remain t o b e awarded a f t e r all applications in the Second Priorlty Cmup have been processed, the foreg'oing procedure shall be applied in the'processing of applications i n the Pinal Priority Group, except that the board shall consider such applications in the order i n which they are f i l d i n lieu of conducting a drawing with reference thereto. ( 4) DeUmrg of notices.- All notices given to applicants pursuant to the provisions of paraeraph 7 c. and subparagraphs thereunder shall be i n writing and shall be delivered t o the respective applicants personally or sent to them by registered m a i l with return receipt requested. 8. ! Narn- against unlawful settlement.- No parson shall be permitted t o gain or exorcise any right under any settlement or occupation of any of the public lands covered by t h i s notice except under the terms and conditions prescribed by t h i s notice. 9. Payment of charms and filin,? of homestead applications.- After the 44 successful applicants have been selected, they & all be so notified hy the examininl~ board, and with such notice the examining hoard shall enclose a water rental application for the farm unit awarded which must be executed by the applicant and returned to the District Manager, Bureau of Reclamation, P. 0. Box 312 ( Buildiq 61, hnicipal Airport), Klamath Falls, Oregon, within ten ( 10) days from receipt thereof, to& her with the pdyment of the minimum water rental charge as specified i n uaragraph 10 a. hereof. Upon r e c e i ~ to f water rental application and payment of the amount due thereon, the examining board shall furnish each appli-cant a c e r t i f i c a t e statine that his qualifications to enter public lands as renuired by subsection C of Section 4 of the Act of December 5, 1924 ( W Stat. 702) have been uassed upon and approved by the examining board. Such c e r t i f i c a t e mast be attached by the applicant t o h i s homestead application which application must he f i l e d at the District Land Office of the Bureau of Land Management, Sacramento, California. Such homestead application must be f i l e d within t h i r t y ( 30) days from the date of the receipt by the applicant of said certificate. Failure to pay the water rental charge or to make appli-cation for homestead entry within the periods specified herein w l l l render the application subject to rejection, i n which event the examining board w i l l select the next listed alternate. 10. Charges payable by a l l water users,- The Reclamation Law provides that except during a ' ldeveloument ~ eriodl' fixed by the Secretary of the Interior water m y not be delivered for the irrina-tion of- lands- until an org& zation, satisfactory i n form and powers- to the Secretary, has entered into a contract with the United States prodding for the repayment of the project construction costs & ich are allocated to such irrigated lands. Pursuant to Section 2 ( 5 ) and 7 ( b) of the Rsclnmation Project Act, of 1939, ( 53 5tat. 1187), lands described i n paragraph 1 of t h i s plblic notice are hereby designated a developnent unit. The maximu developnent period for the lands so designsted i s fixed a t a period of four gears from and including the f i r s t year in which water i s delivered; provided, that such period may be reduced by supplemental mtice should the Secretary determine that the f u l l four- year period i s not reasonably necessarg. Before the end of tha developent period, a l l lands described i n said para-graph 1, must, therefore, be included within an organization of the type described and such organization must execute a contract cwering the repaynent of the construction costs allocated to such lands. a. Char~ es payable before execution of the r e p s p n t contract. ( 1) The minimum water rental charge f o r the irrigation season of 1948 and thereafter u n t i l further notice shall be three dollars ($ 3.00) per acre for each irrigable acre of land in the f a n unit, whether water i s used or not, which will entitle the entryman to two and one half ( a) acre- feet . of water per irrigable acre. Payment of this charge for the irrigation season of 1948 s h a l l be made at the time of filing water rental applications. ( 2) Additional water dl1 be firnished during the 1948 i r r i ~ a t i o n season and thereafter u n t i l further notice up to a limit of three and one half ( 33) acre- feet per irrieable acre at the rate of f i f t y cents ( 80.50) per acre- foot and a11 further nuantities a t seventy- five cents ( w. 75) per acre-foot. Charges for the additional water are to be paid on or before hcember 1 of the year in which used. No water shall be delivered to the water uemr in mbsequent years u n t i l a l l such charges have been paid in full. ( 3) In the event any applicant does not receive notice of the award of a farm unit u n t i l a f t e r June 15, 1948, payment shall be a minimum charge of three dollars ($ 3.00) per acre, which payment shall apply as a credit on the minimum charge for the following irrieation season. ( h) The foregoing charges are subject t o a l l provisions of the Federal Reclamation Law relative to collections and penalties for delinquencies. The charges w i l l be paid a t the office of the Bureau of Reclamation, Klamath Falls, Oregon. Future charges dll be announced by future order o r public notice. 6. b. Charges payable a f t e r execution of the repayment contract.- Subsequent to the execution of the repayment contract, and i n accordance with the terms thereof, water users will pay an annual charge per acre t o meet operation and maintenance costs and t o repay t o the government that portion of the constmction costs allocated to Part 2, Tule Lake Division. On the date of issue of t h i s puhlic notice, it i s impracticablr to determine ( 1) the t o t a l construction cost of Part 2, Tule Iake Divlsion distributary system; ( 2) the allocation of costs to Part 2, ' We Lake Division of tho Klamath Federal Reclamation Pmject, and ( 3) the ultimate water- service area of the Division. Accorrlingly, no exact statmnent as t o the t o t a l and per acre construction charge t o be made against the lands opened in t h i s puhlic notice i s practicable, When the t o t a l construction charge has been detedned and allocated by the Secretary of the Interior, and a repapent c o n t r q ~ tn egotiated with the irrigation d i s t r i c t , a supplementary notice announcing the t o t a l and per acre charges will be issued. 11. A l l land to be i ~ c l u d e di ~- i- r1ii~ t~ qnn( 1- i= t_~ i~.- 5acwh ater rental appliciltion for land covered by t h i s plblic notice shall be made on Form 7- 39 and the followine clause shall be inserted a5 the bottom of wid form: " 1 agree to the inclusion of my land i n an irrigation d i s t r i c t and I agree'also to p r t i c i p a t e in the organization of ? n i r r i ~ a t i o nd i s t r i c t at the earliest practicable date." 12. Reservation of riphts- of- way for county. state. and Federal highwzys and access roads.- Rights- of- way are reserved for county, s t a t e and Federal highways and access roads to the f ~ r mu nits shown on said plats along section lines and other lines shown in red on the farm plats. 13. Reservation of ri& ts- of- wau for publicdwned utilities.- Kightsdf- way are reserved for covernment- owned telephone, electric transmission, water and sewer lines, and water treating and pump ing plants, as now constructed, a d the secretary of the Interior reserves the r i g h t t o locate such other gwenwent- owned f a c i l i t i e s over and across the farm units above descri! md as hereafter, i n his opinion, may be necessary f o r the proper construction, operation, and maintenance of the said project. 14. Effect of relinquishment.-- In tho event that any entry of public land made hereunder shall be' relinauished ot any time prior to actual residence upon the land by the entrynan for not less than one year, the land so relinquished shall not be subject to entry for a period of 60 days a f t e r the f i l i n g and nctation of the relinnuishment i n " he Cistrict Land Office. Applicfltions conforming to the reqhire-ments of t h i s public notice may be f i l e d for a period of 15 days a f t e r the expiration of said 60- day period. Ach applications w i l l be considered ard processed anrl awards made pursuant to the provisions of paragraphs 7 and 9 of this public notice. 15. Waiver of mineral rights.-- All homestead entries f o r the ahove- described farm units will he subject to the laws of the United States governing mineral land, and all homestead applicarts under this notice must waive the rij< ht t o the mineral content of the land, i f required to do so by tke hrea. 1 of Lwd Ifanagement; otherwise the homestead applications will he rnjected o r the homestead entry or entries canceled. 16. Flood hazard.-- The lands to he entered are reclaimed lands lyiw in the former bed of Tnle Lake and m y be subject t o flooding and invndation during extremely wet nesrs. The Sureau of 2ecla1rstion i s now engaged i n the constmction of additionel works which, when completed, w i l l nrov5. de reasonnble flood protection. Settlers are warned, however, that i n case- of extreme mnoff result in^ in the fl. ood-iny of any of the lands, the government assumes no responsitdlity for dmare to persons or property caused by such flooding. Assistant Secretary of the Interior

64. [Image] Natural history and ecology of larval Lost River suckers and larval shortnose suckers in the Williamson River-Upper Klamath Lake System


	We monitored larval Lost River and shortnose suckers from natal beds in the Williamson and Sprague rivers to nursery grounds in Upper Klamath Lake. Downstream movements occurred at night, in the middle ...
	Citation Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Natural history and ecology of larval Lost River suckers and larval shortnose suckers in the Williamson River-Upper Klamath Lake System Author: Cooperman, Michael S. Year: 2004, 2005 We monitored larval Lost River and shortnose suckers from natal beds in the Williamson and Sprague rivers to nursery grounds in Upper Klamath Lake. Downstream movements occurred at night, in the middle of the channel, and on the falling limb of the hydrograph. Ages, sizes, and developmental stages of larvae from spawning beds and the river mouth were similar, while larvae collected contemporaneously from the lake tended to be larger and better fed. Our results indicate in-river rearing was rare, that a rapid outmigration to the lake was favorable for larval survival, and that modification of the lower Williamson River does not appear to have prohibited rapid entry or preclude access to Upper Klamath Lake. Within the Williamson River and Upper Klamath Lake, emergent macrophytes supported significantly higher abundance, larger mean sizes, and better fed larvae than submerged macrophytes, woody vegetation, or open water areas. Analysis of seven years of larval sucker production and survival corroborated the habitat analysis by identifying a positive relationship with emergent macrophyte availability as well as a positive relationship with air temperature and a negative relationship with high wind. These findings illustrate the importance of fast growth, appropriate habitat and calm hydrological conditions for larvae, and are highly consistent with other larval fish studies. Title: Natural history and ecology of larval Lost River suckers and larval shortnose suckers in the Williamson River-Upper Klamath Lake System Author: Cooperman, Michael S. Year: 2004, 2005 We monitored larval Lost River and shortnose suckers from natal beds in the Williamson and Sprague rivers to nursery grounds in Upper Klamath Lake. Downstream movements occurred at night, in the middle of the channel, and on the falling limb of the hydrograph. Ages, sizes, and developmental stages of larvae from spawning beds and the river mouth were similar, while larvae collected contemporaneously from the lake tended to be larger and better fed. Our results indicate in-river rearing was rare, that a rapid outmigration to the lake was favorable for larval survival, and that modification of the lower Williamson River does not appear to have prohibited rapid entry or preclude access to Upper Klamath Lake. Within the Williamson River and Upper Klamath Lake, emergent macrophytes supported significantly higher abundance, larger mean sizes, and better fed larvae than submerged macrophytes, woody vegetation, or open water areas. Analysis of seven years of larval sucker production and survival corroborated the habitat analysis by identifying a positive relationship with emergent macrophyte availability as well as a positive relationship with air temperature and a negative relationship with high wind. These findings illustrate the importance of fast growth, appropriate habitat and calm hydrological conditions for larvae, and are highly consistent with other larval fish studies.

65. [Image] Recovery plan for the native fishes of the Warner Basin and Alkali Subbasin : Warner sucker (threatened) Catostomus warnerensis, Hutton tui chub (threatened) Gila bicolor ssp. Foskett speckled dace (threatened) Rhinichthys osculus ssp


	"April 1998"--P. [4] of cover; Includes bibliographical references (p. 57-66)
	Citation Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Recovery plan for the native fishes of the Warner Basin and Alkali Subbasin : Warner sucker (threatened) Catostomus warnerensis, Hutton tui chub (threatened) Gila bicolor ssp. Foskett speckled dace (threatened) Rhinichthys osculus ssp Author: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Oregon State Office Year: 1998, 2004 "April 1998"--P. [4] of cover; Includes bibliographical references (p. 57-66) Title: Recovery plan for the native fishes of the Warner Basin and Alkali Subbasin : Warner sucker (threatened) Catostomus warnerensis, Hutton tui chub (threatened) Gila bicolor ssp. Foskett speckled dace (threatened) Rhinichthys osculus ssp Author: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Oregon State Office Year: 1998, 2004 "April 1998"--P. [4] of cover; Includes bibliographical references (p. 57-66)

66. [Image] Final progress report for fisheries investigations on Blue Creek, tributary to Klamath River, northern California, FY 1993


	FINAL PROGRESS REPORT FOR FISHERIES INVESTIGATIONS ON BLUE CREEK, TRIBUTARY TO K1AMATH RIVER, NORTHERN CALIFORNIA FY 1993 (October 1992 - September 1993) ABSTRACT The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, ...
	Citation Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Final progress report for fisheries investigations on Blue Creek, tributary to Klamath River, northern California, FY 1993 Author: Longenbaugh, Matthew H.; Chan, Jeffrey R. Year: 1994, 2008, 2005 FINAL PROGRESS REPORT FOR FISHERIES INVESTIGATIONS ON BLUE CREEK, TRIBUTARY TO K1AMATH RIVER, NORTHERN CALIFORNIA FY 1993 (October 1992 - September 1993) ABSTRACT The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Coastal California Fishery Resource Office (CCFRO) in Arcata, CA, was funded to investigate chinook salmon spawning use, juvenile salmonid emigration and characterize habitats in Blue Creek, Klamath Basin, CA. Investigations that began in October, 1988, have continued to date, with this reporting period covering Fiscal Year 1993 (FY 1993, October, 1992, through September, 1993). In addition, some information already presented in previous progress reports, FY 1989 - FY 1992, is summarized. In 1993, adult chinook spawner escapements were addressed by snorkel surveys of redds and carcasses. Spawner numbers were very low, with only 17 redds observed in fall/winter 1992-93. The peak count of adult chinook was 136 fish in early November. Emigrating juvenile s&lmonids were trapped at river kilometer (rkm) 3.35 with a screw trap and panel weir. The screw trapping period extended from April through July for a total of 91 trapping nights. Screw trap catches totaled 14,526 chinook, 912 steelhead and 69 coho. Chinook emigration was spread over the entire trapping period, with increases during mid-May, and from mid-June throughout July. A juvenile weir was operated 60 nights, and caught a total of 6,334 chinook, 992 steelhead, 49 coho salmon, and 0 juvenile cutthroat. The total index of production for emigrating chinook during the 1993 juvenile trapping period was 101,819. Chinook that were marked with coded-wire tags (n-12,299) were released, with other juvenile fish, into Blue Creek at rkm 3.3. Mean temperatures varied from 6.3 to 18.6 ?C and flows ranged from 0.91 cubic m/s (32 cubic feet/s) to 202.6 cubic m/s (7,160 cubic feet/s) during FY 1993. Extreme flows for FY 1993 were the lowest and highest observed by CCFRO since the project began in 1989, and lower than the previous low of the 13 years of record. Title: Final progress report for fisheries investigations on Blue Creek, tributary to Klamath River, northern California, FY 1993 Author: Longenbaugh, Matthew H.; Chan, Jeffrey R. Year: 1994, 2008, 2005 FINAL PROGRESS REPORT FOR FISHERIES INVESTIGATIONS ON BLUE CREEK, TRIBUTARY TO K1AMATH RIVER, NORTHERN CALIFORNIA FY 1993 (October 1992 - September 1993) ABSTRACT The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Coastal California Fishery Resource Office (CCFRO) in Arcata, CA, was funded to investigate chinook salmon spawning use, juvenile salmonid emigration and characterize habitats in Blue Creek, Klamath Basin, CA. Investigations that began in October, 1988, have continued to date, with this reporting period covering Fiscal Year 1993 (FY 1993, October, 1992, through September, 1993). In addition, some information already presented in previous progress reports, FY 1989 - FY 1992, is summarized. In 1993, adult chinook spawner escapements were addressed by snorkel surveys of redds and carcasses. Spawner numbers were very low, with only 17 redds observed in fall/winter 1992-93. The peak count of adult chinook was 136 fish in early November. Emigrating juvenile s&lmonids were trapped at river kilometer (rkm) 3.35 with a screw trap and panel weir. The screw trapping period extended from April through July for a total of 91 trapping nights. Screw trap catches totaled 14,526 chinook, 912 steelhead and 69 coho. Chinook emigration was spread over the entire trapping period, with increases during mid-May, and from mid-June throughout July. A juvenile weir was operated 60 nights, and caught a total of 6,334 chinook, 992 steelhead, 49 coho salmon, and 0 juvenile cutthroat. The total index of production for emigrating chinook during the 1993 juvenile trapping period was 101,819. Chinook that were marked with coded-wire tags (n-12,299) were released, with other juvenile fish, into Blue Creek at rkm 3.3. Mean temperatures varied from 6.3 to 18.6 ?C and flows ranged from 0.91 cubic m/s (32 cubic feet/s) to 202.6 cubic m/s (7,160 cubic feet/s) during FY 1993. Extreme flows for FY 1993 were the lowest and highest observed by CCFRO since the project began in 1989, and lower than the previous low of the 13 years of record.

67. [Image] Final biological assessment: the effects of proposed actions related to Klamath Project operation (April 1, 2002-March 31, 2012) on federally-listed threatened and endangered species


	"Partially incorporating January 22, 2001 Biological assessment submitted to the National Marine Fisheries Service and February 13, 2001 Biological Assessment submitted to the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service" ...
	Citation Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Final biological assessment: the effects of proposed actions related to Klamath Project operation (April 1, 2002-March 31, 2012) on federally-listed threatened and endangered species Author: United States. Bureau of Reclamation. Klamath Basin Area Office Year: 2002, 2004 "Partially incorporating January 22, 2001 Biological assessment submitted to the National Marine Fisheries Service and February 13, 2001 Biological Assessment submitted to the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service" ; Includes bibliographical references ; "February 25, 2002" Title: Final biological assessment: the effects of proposed actions related to Klamath Project operation (April 1, 2002-March 31, 2012) on federally-listed threatened and endangered species Author: United States. Bureau of Reclamation. Klamath Basin Area Office Year: 2002, 2004 "Partially incorporating January 22, 2001 Biological assessment submitted to the National Marine Fisheries Service and February 13, 2001 Biological Assessment submitted to the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service" ; Includes bibliographical references ; "February 25, 2002"

68. [Image] Public notice opening public lands to entry


	E R R A T A S H E E T August 6, 19U6 TO ACCOMPANY PUBLIC NOTICE NO. U3 DATED AUGUST 1, 19U6 OPENING PUBLIC LANDS TO ENTRY ON THE KLAMATH IRRIGATION PROJECT, OREGON - CALIFORNIA TULE LAKE DIVISION The following ...
	Citation Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Public notice opening public lands to entry Author: United State. Bureau of Reclamation Year: 1946, 2004 E R R A T A S H E E T August 6, 19U6 TO ACCOMPANY PUBLIC NOTICE NO. U3 DATED AUGUST 1, 19U6 OPENING PUBLIC LANDS TO ENTRY ON THE KLAMATH IRRIGATION PROJECT, OREGON - CALIFORNIA TULE LAKE DIVISION The following paragraphs are hereby substituted for the corresponding para-graphs 5 ( c) and 5 ( d) as written in the copy of the above Public Notice: Paragraph 5 ( c) The applicant must demonstrate that he possesses a minimum of # 2,000 in unencumbered assets applicable or convertible to the needs of farming in this area. This may be determined by an itemized list of assets and liabilities and must be corroborated by a statement from an official of a bank or other responsible and reputable private or public credit agency. Paragraph $ ( d) The applicant must submit a certificate of medical exami-nation which will contain a statement by an examining physician assuring the applicant's physical ability to operate a farm. Paragraph 9 ( lines k and 5) in the Summary of Requirements and Procedures states, in part: "... which will entitle the entryman to three acre- feet of water per irrigable acre." This should be changed to read: "... which will entitle the entryman to 2g acre- feet of water per irrigable acre." UNITED . STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR BUREAU OF RECLAMATION WASHINGTON Klamath Irrigation Project, Oregon - California Tule Lake Division PUBLIC NOTICE OPENING PUBLIC LANDS TO ENTRY oo U3 August 1, 191* 6 1. Public land for which water i£ available and for whichi entry may be made.— In pursuance of the act of June 17, 1902 ( 32 Stat. 38b1), and acts amendatory thereof or supplemental thereto, TE" is hereby announced that water will be available in the irrigation season of 191* 7 and thereafter, and beginning September 15>, 19l* 6, entry may be made in accordance with this notice for the following- described public lands under the Tule Lake Division of the Klamath Irrigation Project, Oregan- California, as shown on farm unit plats of Township 1* 7 North, Ranges £ and 6 East and Township 1* 8 North, Range 5 East, Mount Diablo Meridian, California, to wit: Mount Diablo Meridian, California Total Irrigable Acreage 8U. 0 101.2 73o5 73.7 73 » 3 5 76.0 76o2 75.8 66.8 68.3 66.8 68.3 7U. 7 73.8 7U. 1 73o8 127.9 73.8 80.0 137.5 129.6 87.8 9h. B 98.0 109 o 6 7li. O lh. 3 7li. 6 7JU. 3 73.9 7U. 2 73.9 7U. 2 7U. 5 714.2 7U. 67.2 73.3 7U. 9 73.2 7U. 7 100.7 91.3 Township 1* 7 North Range Farm Unit A BA B CDE F G H A B C D EF G HCD E B A A B G H C D E F A B CD E FG * H L A BCD E F * T. 1* 7 N., R. 6 E., M. D. £ East Section 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 12 12 12 12 12 7* 13 18* 13 18* 13 18* 13 18* 13 13 13 13 11* H* Hi ll* H* ll* ll* ll* 16 23 23 23 23 23 23 26 27 . M. • . Description Lots 16 &' 17 Lot 20 & W\| swi Lot 1 & SEzNEi Lot 2 & SWINEJ Lot 3 & SEzNWz Lot k & SW\| NW § EJSWJ WISEJ EgSEz, Lot 1 & SEzNEz Lot 2.& SWJNEJ Lot 3 j& SEJNWJ Lot k & SW} NW\| wisWz EJSWJ WtSEf EiSEt Lots 6, 16 & SW^ NWj w^ swj Lots 10 & 2X-* Lots 17, 18 & WiSE\| Lots 9 & 12 Lots 12 & 13 Lot 1 & NW^ NEj Lot 10 Lot 2 & SWjNEi Lot 11 Lot 3 & NWjSEj Lot ll* Lot 1* & SWjSEj Lot 1^ EiNWi W4NW} wlswf : v EI- SIVJ EJNEJ ;.; mttl E\| SW} l/ feSE'z E\| SE\| WyNWj Ef NEi W\| NEI EiNV/ z WJMWTI-Lots 3, 1* & 6 Lot ^ Lot 20 Lots 18 & 20 1. Farm Unit DCEF B A G A B A E C DE F G H A T. 18 N., R, 5 E., F G L G H J K Section 2k 2k 2k 2k 2k 19* 21 19* 21 25 27 27 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 33 28 27 33 M. D. M. 25 26 26 26 • 27 27 27 28 27 31 27 26 33 3h 28 33 33 33 3k 33 3k 3k 3k 3k 3k 3k 3$ 35 Description EJNWJ Lots 9, Lots 7, 10 & NEjSWj- 8 & NWiSEz Lots 5 & SW- jNEi Lot 10 Lot k & Lot 9 Lots 12 Lots 19 Lots 10, Lots 11 Lot, 1 & Lot 2 & Lot 3 & Lot I & E\|- SW\| W- JSE § Lot 20 Lot 5 Lot 31 Lots 10, NW^ NEJ & 13 • & 20 , 23, 2k, 27 & & 32 SEiNEi SWfNEi S E J M J smriNwJ , 15 & 16 Lots 16 & 17 Lot 7 & E\| W- JSEi Ejswi & W?- W1SE\| i, NjsEiswi, NWJSEJ NEJSEJ & N- ISEISEI Lots 2 & 3 Total Irrigable Acreage 75.0 73.2 77.5 76.8 91.8 109.0 ' 7a. 2 . 83.9 80.9 78. k TS. k . 78.3 60.8 60.8 77.6 86.3 70.1 73.5 120 111 III 103 105 110 .9 .1 .3 .5 • 5 • J .8 113.8 109 113 113 109 10U 111 .9 .8 ,7 .7 .6 • 0 96.8 99.5 98.8 96.6 M., R. 6 E., M. D. M. 2. Total Farm Unit Section Description Irrigable Acreage sIsE- jNWi 99. k 35 Lots 2, 3 i j i 99 o 6 B 35 \| J, 36 Lots 13 & lii 126o8 G 35 Lot U & NEjSEj 36 Lot 20 103 o 9 A 36 Lots 5, 6, 12, 15 & 16 9lu2± The farm unit plats referred to above were approved on the date of this notice and are on file in the Office of the Superintendent, Bureau of Reclamation, Klamath Falls, Oregon, and in the district land office at Sacramento, California, - where they may be examined by any person desiring to make application hereundero 2. Preference rights to honorably discharged veterans of World War II.— Pursuant to the provisions of the Act of September 27, 19hk, and The Act of June 25, 19^ 6 ( Public Law Ul\| 0 - 79th~ Congress, 2nd Session), and related legislation,-"- and until 2: 00 p. m., December 15, 19U6, the lands described above will be open to entry only by persons who have served not less than 90 days in the Army or Navy of the United States in World War II and have been honorably separated or discharged therefrom or placed in the regular Army or Naval Reserve; provided, however, that they must be qualified to make'entry under the homestead laws and also possess the qualifications as to industry, experience, character, capital, and physical fitness required of all applicants under this notice. Farm applica-tions received prior to 2: 00 p. m., September 15, 19U6, will be considered as simultaneously filed. Farm applica-tions received after 2: 00 p. m., September 15, 19l; 6, will be filed and considered in the order of their receipt0 3. Limit of acreage for which entry may be made.— The limit of area of public land per entry, representing the acreage which", in the opinion of the SeereTary of the Interior, may be reasonably required for the support of a family upon such land, is fixed at the amounts shown upon the farm unit plats for the respective farm units above listed. k. Applicants must be qualified.— No entry shall be accepted or allowed by the Register of the district land office until the applicant"~ therefor has satisfied the Examining Board appointed for the Klamath Project to consider such matters, that he is possessed of such qualifications ( in addition to the qualifications required under the homestead law) as to industry, experience, character, capital and physical fitness as in the opinion of the Board are necessary to give reasonable assurance of success by the prospective settler. A digest of the qualifications required by the homestead laws is contained in the attachment to this notice. Complete information may be secured from the District Land Office in Sacramento, California, or from the Bureau of Land Management, Washington, D. Co 5. Requirements as_ to Industry, Experience, Character, and Capital.— The following are established as minimum qualification^ Tailure to meet them in. all respects will be sufficient cause to reject an application. No credit will be given for qualifications in excess of the minimum required: ( a) Each applicant must submit as part of his farm application three testimonials concerning his character and covering such points as honesty, temperate habits, thrift, industry, seriousness of purpose, record of good moral conduct in the past and a sincere desire to lead a bona fide farm life. These may be prepared and signed by an ordained minister, including chaplains in the armed service, any commanding officer under whom the applicant served for six months or more, a teacher or administrative official of any recognized high school or college, present or previous employer, or any comparable, responsible individual or official, not a relative, who is personally acquainted with the applicant. These may be the individuals listed in paragraph 17 of the Farm Appli-cation Blank. ( b) The applicant must have had at least two years1 full- time farm experience after the age of 15 and within the last seven years of civilian life; or must have lived and wox~ ked on a farm for five years continuously after reaching the age of 12 and within the last 10 years of civilian life. Time spent in active military service will not be included in the time used in computing farm experience. Two years of study in agricultural courses in an accredited agricultural college or two years of responsible technical work in agriculture which might help fit the applicant for operation of a farm may be credited as one year of farm experience except that. no more than one year of farm experience may be credited from such sources. One year of farm experience must be obtained by actual residence and work on a farm. A farm youth over the age of 15 attending school but actually residing and working on the farm may credit such time as actual farm experience. In support of his claim to meeting this requirement of farm experience, the applicant must supply three written statements signed by the county agent, F. S « AO county supervisor, A0AoA. County Chairman, official of any local farm organization, or comparable individuals, who have personal knowledge of the applicant's farm experience or have verified it to his complete satisfaction, testifying theretoo ( c) The applicant must demonstrate that he possesses a minimum of $ 2,000 in unencumbered assets applicable or convertible to the needs of farming in this area. This may be determined by an itemized listing of assets and liabilities in space provided on the application blank. ( d) The applicant must be in physical condition to operate a farm successfully, including the manual labor involved. If physically handicapped or afflicted with ailments making this condition questionable, a detailed statement by an examining physician should accompany the application. " Including Soldiers' and Sailors' Civil Relief Act of 191 0, as amended ( 51* Stat. 1178, 1186; % Stat. 769, 776; 50 U. S. C. App. 560- 572)." 3. 6. When and how to file an application for a farm unit.— ( a) A Farm Application Blank is attached to this notice. Additional blanks may be secured from the Superintendent, Klamath Falls, Oregon; the Regional Director, P. 0. Box 2^ 11, Sacramento, California, or the Commissioner, Bureau of Reclamation, Washington 2^, D. C. Full answer must be made to each question on the Farm Application Blank. The applicant may state the particular farm unit desired and may also include alternate choices or the choice may be left open to the examining boarde ( b) If the applicant claims a preference right on account of military service, he shall attach to his appli-cation an affidavit setting forth such military service. The affidavit shall state the applicant's time of service, the unit of which he was a member, the date on which he was honorably discharged, or separated, or transferred to the regular Army or Naval Reserve, and that he did not refuse to wear the uniform of such service or to perform the duties thereof. Providing that they qualify in other respects, women veterans have equal rights and will receive equal consideration in their application for farm unitso ( c) An application for a farm unit listed in this notice, together with the proof to be furnished by veterans, must be filed with the Superintendent, Bureau of Reclamation, Klamath Falls, Oregon, in person, if con-venient, or by mail, or otherwise, prior to 2: 00 p. m., September l£, ± 9h6, if the applicant desires to qualify under the terms of this notice. No advantage will accrue to an applicant presenting his application in person rather than by mail. All applications received prior to 2: 00 p. m., September'l£, 19U6, will be held and treated as simultaneously filed. Applications received after 2: 00 p. m., September l£, 19U6, will be considered only as provided in paragraphs 2 and 12 of this public order. 7. Examining Board.— An Examining Board of five members, including the Superintendent of the Klamath Project who will act as Secretary of the Board, has been approved by the Commissioner of Reclamation to consider the fit-ness of each applicant to undertake the development and operation of a farm on the Klamath Project. Careful investigation shall be made to verify the statements and representations made by the applicants to the end that no misunderstanding may prevail, either regarding the applicant's fitness or his appreciation of the problem before him. Any falsification will automatically cause the application to be discarded from consideration, 8. Selection of Qualified Applicants.— To determine whether an applicant for a farm unit is eligible under the provisions of subsection " C" of Section k of the Act of December 5, 192k, his application will be reviewed on the basis of whether or not he is qualified as an entryman. Applicants will be judged on the qualifications of character, industry, farming experience and capital and no applicant will be considered eligible who does not qualify in all respects, or who does not, in the opinion of the Examining Board, possess the health and vigor for active farm work. 9. Showing of applicants and selection thereofc— ( a) Where the applicant, in the original application which he files fails to make a prima facie case— that is, where the applicant ( l) does not possess good health; or ( 2) fails to make the necessary showing as to character; or ( 3) fails to make the necessary showing as to industry; or ( U) fails to make the necessary showing as to citizenship, or ( 5) dees not show at least two years' farm experience; or ( 6) does not show at least $ 2-, 000 in unencumbered assets; or ( 7) is disqualified because of having already made homestead entry; or ( 8) is the owner of more than 160 acres of land in the United States; or ( 9) is otherwise disqualified, the application for a farm unit shall be rejected, and the applicant notified thereof by registered mail, with return receipt demanded, and of his right to appeal to the Regional Director of the Bureau of Reclamation within 10 days from . receipt of such notification. All appeals allowed under this Public Notice No. h3 must be filed in the office of the Superin-tendent at Klamath Falls, Oregon, within 10 days from receipt by applicants of rejection notices. The Superinten-dent will forward such appeals promptly to the Regional Director. ( b) After the expiration of the appeal period fixed by the above- mentioned notices, if any are required, to applicants who failed to make prima facie cases, and in the absence of any pending appeals, the Board shall pro-ceed to select the 86 successful applicants ( there being 86 farm units described in paragraph 1 subject to entry) o All applicants in the group filing prior to 2: 00 pom;, September l£, 19U6, and who possess minimum qualifications as outlined in paragraph 5>, will be considered equally. From the names of all qualified applicants in the group considered as simultaneously filed, there shall be drawn 172 names ( twice the number of homesteads to be awarded). These 172 applicants shall be closely investigated, in the order in which selected, and any falsehood or mis-representation shall be grounds for the Board to disqualify the applicant and to pass on to the next in order until the 86 successful applicants have been determined, plus a sufficient number of alternates to replace those in the first group of 86 who fail to complete their transactions. In the event that there are remaining units to be awarded, consideration will be given to Veteran applications, in the order of filing, prior to 2: 00 p. mc, December l£, 19^ 6, as provided in paragraph 2 above. Remaining units, if any, will be awarded, in the order of filing of applications, as provided in paragraph 12 of this order. ( c) Applicants from among the group of 172 selected in paragraph 9( b) above who subsequently are disquali-fied as a result of investigation by the Board shall be sent a notice by registered mail, with return receipt demanded, unless delivered in person, setting forth the reasons thereof and of the right to appeal to the Regional Director within 10 days from receipt of such notice as provided in paragraph 9( a) above, ( d) Immediately following the selection of the 86 successful applicants, the Board shall send a notice by registered mail with return receipt demanded, to each of the ether qualified applicants, advising him of his standing, as alternate or otherwise, and that since the number of qualified applicants exceeds the number of available farms, his application must be held for rejection. In the event that any of the 86 applicants awarded a farm unit fails to fulfill the requirements of paragraph 10 hereof, the Board will select other applicants in the order of their standing on the list of alternates to replace those failing to complete their transactions0 10 Notification of Applicant that he has been selected.— After the expiration of the period or periods fixed by notices to applicants in the conTTngencies named in paragraph 9 above, or any other that may arise, and upon completion of action which may become necessary because of such notices, the Board shall notify each appli-cant selected for a farm, by registered mail with return receipt demanded, unless delivered to him in person, that he has been selected for a farm unito Whenever practicable, and within the time allowance stated on the notice, the Board shall allow the successful applicants to exercise a choice of farms as listed on their application blanks and in the order of their standing in the drawing. However, the Government reserves the right to assign the farms regardless of individual preferences. After a farm has been selected, the Board shall send tne applicant, by r egistered nail with return receipt demanded, unless delivered to him in person, a water rental application for the farm selected, which rvust be executed by the applicant and returned to the Superintendent, Bureau of Reclamation, Klamath Falls, Oregon, within 10 days from receipt, together with payment of the minimum water rental charge, as specified in paragraph 15 hereof. The Secretary of the Examining Board will furnish each such applicant by registered mail, unless delivered to him in person, a certificate' stating that his qualifications to enter public lands, as required by sub- section " C" of Section h of the Act of December 5, 192U ( U3 Stat. 702), have been passed upon and approved by that Board. Such certificate must be attached by the applicant to his homestead application when he files such application at the District Land Office at Sacramento, California. Such homestead application shall be filed within ]£ days from the date of the receipt by the applicant of the said certificate. Failure to pay the water rental charge or to make application for homestead entry within the periods specified herein will render the application subject to rejection. 11. Failure of selected applicant to - complete transaction.— If the applicant to whom a farm has been awarded fails to comply witH" any of the requirements named above, the Board will select the next listed alternate. 12. General entry.— After all applications received prior to 2: 00 p. m., December 15, 19^ 6, have been con-sidered and awards of farm units made to all qualified applicants, any farm units described in paragraph 1 above which remain unentered, shall be subject to entry under this order by any person having the necessary qualifications. If, on September 15, 19U6, prior to 2: 00 p. m., the number of applications filed exceeds the number of available farm units, then the right to make entry for any such farm unit shall be determined in accordance with paragraphs 2 and 9 of this order, the provisions of which shall continue in effect in a s imilar manner in the future if the number of applications at any time exceeds the number of remaining available farm units. 13. Warning against unlawful settlement.~- No person shall be permitted to gain or exercise any right under any settlement or occupation of any of the public lands covered by this order except under the terms and conditions prescribed by this order, provided, however, that this shall not affect any valid existing right obtained by settle-ment or entry while the land was subject thereto. 111. Construction charges,— Section 15 of the Act of May 25, 1926 ( hk Stat. 639) authorizes and directs the Secretary, when announcement is made of the construction charges for this division, to fix and allocate the con-struction cost per acre in accordance with the findings and recommendations of the Board of Survey and Adjustments as shown on page 26 of House Document No. 201, 69th Congress, 1st Session. As recited on page 26 of said Document No. 201, the Board found that the total gross cost of construction charged to the division, as of June 30, 1925, is $ l, 6hO, 9h9; and that this cost should be allocated on the basis of 37,500 acres and not upon 2l±, 2OO as hereto-fore; and that a deduction of'$ 23h, U07 should be made from the cost named. Applying the deduction of $ 23h9hD7 would leave a remainder of $ l, lio6,5> li2 and the Board's report at this point recites: " The net cost would be 31,1* 06,51* 2, and this amount divided by 37,500 acres, would give an average construction cost of $ 37.50 per acre. This per acre cost of $ 37.5 » O does not include any costs for future construction work which will be necessary to complete this division, and this should be particularly noted." The estimate of cost to complete the works for 33,000 acres which are considered irrigable, is $ 1,678,000 or a per acre cost of $ 50.85. This amount added to the per acre cost to June 30, 1925, of $ 37.50 would make e total per acre cost of £ 88.35. A summary of the construction estimate for work after June 30, 1925, is attached to and made a part of this order. If the actual cost of future work is less than the estimate of $ 1,678,000 named above, the construction charge will be proportionately reduced, but the expenditure of $ 1,678,000 will not be exceeded without the water users agreeing to repay all sums in excess » of this amount. In arriving at the per acre rate of $ 88.35, and as shown above, the write- off of $ 23U, UO7 authorized in Section 15 of the Act of May 25, 1926, has been deducted from the total cost, but before this write- off may be actually accomplished, the Secretary of the Interior must require, as set forth in Section h$ of the said Act of May 25, 1926, a contract with a water users1 association or irrigation district whereby such association or irrigation district shall be required to pay the entire charges against all productive lands within the division without regard to default in the payment of charges against any individual tract of land; also as provided in Section U5 of the Act named, there must be executed a contract of the character described, before the ^ 0- year repayment plan as authorized in this Section may be made effective. Since the Tule Lake Division, with the exception of a few tracts, embraces only public land it would not be possible to make such a contract until the lands are opened and entered. Under the circumstances, the division will be operated on a water- rental basis until its agricultural development has advanced sufficiently to permit of a district organization, at which time a so- called joint liability contract will be required and the construction charge will be'announced at $ 88.35 per acre payable over a l± Q- year period. Should the entrymen or water users fail, or refuse, to proceed in the manner required under the Act of May 25, 1926, it will become necessary to issue public notice under the Extension Act of August lii, 191k ( 38 Stat. 686), without regard to the write- off and under a 2G- year- repayment plan. This would result in a per acre charge of $ U9• 70 instead of $ 37.50 for the cost to June 30, 1925, which added to the per acre cost to complete of $ 50.85, would fix the construction charge at $ 100.55 per acre payable in 20 years* 1^° Water- rental charges.— The minimum water- rental charge for the irrigation season of 19ii7 shall be two dollars and eighty cents ($ 2.50) per acre for each irrigable acre of land in the farm unit, whether water is used or not, which will entitle the entryman to 2j acre- feet of water per irrigable acre. Additional water will be furnished during the said irrigation season up to a limit of 3$- acre- feet per irrigable acre at the rate of fifty cents ( 50f) per acre- foot, and all further quantities at seventy- five cents C75#) per acre- foot, payable on December 1, 19U7. Payment of the minimum charge of two dollars and eighty cents ($ 2.80) per acre for the irrigation season of 191+ 7 shall be nade at the time of filing of water- rental applications: provided, that when water- rental application is filed after June 15, 19hl, payment shall be of a minimum charge of two dollars and eighty cents ($ 2.80) per acre, which payment shall apply as a credit on the minimum charge for the follow-ing irrigation season. If payment for water used in addition to the allowance under the minimum charge is not made on or before December 1 as herein provided, there shall be added to the amount unpaid a penalty of one-half of 1 per centum thereof, and there shall be added a like penalty of one- half of 1 per centum on the first day of each month thereafter so long as such default shall continue. No water will be delivered to the • 5. entryman in subsequent years until such charge shall have been paid in full. Future charges will be announced by future order or public notice. 16. Place and manner of payment of water charge,— All water charges must be paid at the office of the Bureau of Reclamation at Klamath Falls, OregonJ by cash or bank draft, cashier's check, certified check, or postal or express money order, payable to Treasurer of the United States, 17o Water- right application under public notice0— Within three months after date of public notice announcing the construction charges for the land described in this order, each entryman, if required to do so by the Secretary of the Interior, shall make a formal water- right application covering his farm unit. Upon failure to do so, the Secretary may, at his option, cancel the entry in question, with all rights acquired thereunder. 18 • All land to be included in irrigation district .— Each water rental application for land covered by this order shall be made"~ onTorm 7- 2b19 and the following clause shall be inserted at the bottom of said form: " I agree to the inclusion of my land in an irrigation district and I agree also to participate in the organization of an irrigation district at the earliest practicable date." 19, Reservation _ of rights _ of way for county highways..— Rights of way are reserved for county highways across the farm units shown on the farm unit plats along all red lines shown on said plats, said rights of way being 30 feet in width on each side of said lines in all cases where lines are drawn in red solid lines and 60 feet in width out of the farm units crossed by lines drawn in red broken lines. Rights of way are reserved for highways across the farm units abutting the northeasterly side of the Central Pacific Railroad Company's right of way, the said highway right of way being a strip of 100 feet in width, parallel to and touching the said railroad right of way. 20. Effect of relinquishment.— In the event that any entry of public land shall be relinquished prior to 2: 00 p. m., December 15, the lands so relinquished shall be subject to entry in accordance with paragraphs 2 and 9 of this notice. In the event that any entry of public land shall be relinquished subsequent to 2: 00 p. m., December l£, and at any time prior to. actual proving up of the land through necessary residence, cultivation and other homestead requirements, the lands so relinquished shall not be subject to entry for a period of 60 days after the filing and notation of the relinquishment in the local land office. During the 10- day period next succeeding the expiration of such 60- day period, any person having the necessary qualifications may file application for said public land. If, on the tenth day of said' 10- day period, prior to 2: 00 p. m., the number of applications filed exceeds the number of available farm units, then the right to make entry for such farm units shall be determined in accordance with the procedure described in paragraph 9 of this notice. 21. Waiver o£ mineral rights .— All homestead entries for any of the above- described farm units will be subject to the laws of the United States governing mineral land and all homestead applicants under this notice must waive the right to the mineral content of the land, if required to do so by the Bureau of Land Management, otherwise the homestead application will be rejected or the homestead entry cancelled. Assistant Secretary SUMARY OF REQUIREMENTS AND PROCEDURES PUBLIC LANDS OPENED TO HOMESTEAD ENTRY KUMATH PROJECT— 19U6 1. Applicant must possess qualifications established by Bureau of Reclamation in addition to those required under homestead law. 2. Lands will be opened to entry at 2: 00 p. m., September 15, 19k6* Veterans of World War II have a preference right for 90 days following the date of opening. Applications received prior to 2: 00 p. m., September 15 > 19U6, shall be considered as simultaneously filed. After September 15, 19U6, applications will be considered in1 the ordef^ of filing. Applications from other than Veterans of World Yfar II may not be considered prior to 2: 00 p. m., December 15, 19U6. 3. Copies of the Public Notice, together with the Farm Application Blank, may be secured from the Superintendent, Bureau of Reclamation, Klamath Falls, Oregon, or from the Commissioner, Bureau of Reclamation, Washington, D. C. Applications for a farm unit must be filed with the Superintendent, Bureau of Reclamation, Klamath Falls, Oregon. U. Homestead law requirements of entrymen. ( a) Must be 21 years of age or head of a family or have been honorably discharged from the armed forces of the United States after a period of at least 90 days1 service during World War II. ( b) Must be a citizen of the United States or have declared intentions to become a citizen. ( c) Must not own more than 160 acres of land in the United States ( certain exceptions are allowed). ( d) Must establish residence within six months after allowance of entry ( extension of six months may be allowed). Residence must be maintained for a period of three years except honorably discharged veterans who served not less than 90 days are entitled to have the term of service, not exceeding two years, deducted from the three years1 residence requirements. ( e) Land must be_ cultivated for a period of at least two years covering one- sixteenth of area second year and one- eighth of area during the third year and until final proof. ( f) Entryman must have habitable house on land when submitting proof. ( g) Proof as to meeting requirements must be submitted within five years from date of entry. 5. Bureau of Reclamation requirements of applicants. ( a) Must possess standards of character, including honesty, temperance, thrift, industry, moral conduct and seriousness of purposes. References submitted must be individuals prepared to certify to character of witness. ( b) Must have had at least two years' full- time farm experience after age of 15 and within the last. seven years of civilian lifej or during last 10 years of civilian life must have lived and worked on a farm contin-uously for five years after reaching the age of 12. Two or more sworn testimonials must be supplied in support of applicant's claim to meeting this requirement. ( c) Must possess a minimum of $ 2,000 in unencumbered assets applicable or convertible to the needs of farming in the area. ( d) Must be in physical condition to operate a farm including manual labor involved. ( e) Affidavits as to character, farm experience, financial resources and physical condition are required of each applicant. 6. An Examining Board approved by the Commissioner of Reclamation, composed of local citizens and includ-ing the Project Superintendent will consider the fitness of each applicant in line with paragraphs h and 5 above. Applicants disqualified by the Board may appeal within 10 days of receipt of notification. 7. All qualified applicants will be given an equal chance in a drawing to select 172 names ( twice the number of homesteads to be awarded). These 172 shall be closely investigated, in the order in which drawn, and any falsehood or misrepresentation shall be grounds for the Board to disqualify the applicant and pass on to the next in order until the 86 successful applicants have been selected, plus a sufficient number of alternates to replace those in the first group of 86 who fall to complete their transactions. 8. The Examining Board shall notify a successful applicant that he has been selected for a farm unit and, within the time allowance stated on the notice, shall allow the successful applicants to exercise a choice of farms in the order of their standing. However, the Government reserves the right to assign the farms regardless of individual preferences. 9. After a farm has been selected, the Examining Board shall send the applicant a water rental application - which must be executed and returned to the Project Superintendent TntLthin 10 days from receipt, together with payment of the minimum water rental charge. The minimum water rental charge for the irrigation season of 19U7 shall be $ 2.80 per acre for each irrigable acre of land in the farm unit, whether water is used or not, which will entitle the entryman to three acre- feet of water per irrigable acre. Additional water will be furnished during the 19U7 season up to a limit of 3 § acre- feet per irrigable acre at the rate of 50 cents per acre- foot, and all further quantities for 75 cents per acre- foot. 10. The Examining Board will furnish each applicant a certificate stating that his qualifications to enter public land have been approved by the Board. Such certificate must be attached by the applicant to his homestead application which must be filed at the District Land Office, Sacramento, California, within 15 days of receipt of the certificate. 11. Failure to pay the water rental charges or to make application for homestead entry within the periods specified will render the application subject to rejection. 12. Construction charges on the lands to be opened total $ 88.35 per acre, payable within UO years, providing a water users1 association or irrigation district is formed. Should the entrymen or water users fail to form such a district or association, charges will be $ 100.55 per acre, payable within 20 years. 2. Title: Public notice opening public lands to entry Author: United State. Bureau of Reclamation Year: 1946, 2004 E R R A T A S H E E T August 6, 19U6 TO ACCOMPANY PUBLIC NOTICE NO. U3 DATED AUGUST 1, 19U6 OPENING PUBLIC LANDS TO ENTRY ON THE KLAMATH IRRIGATION PROJECT, OREGON - CALIFORNIA TULE LAKE DIVISION The following paragraphs are hereby substituted for the corresponding para-graphs 5 ( c) and 5 ( d) as written in the copy of the above Public Notice: Paragraph 5 ( c) The applicant must demonstrate that he possesses a minimum of # 2,000 in unencumbered assets applicable or convertible to the needs of farming in this area. This may be determined by an itemized list of assets and liabilities and must be corroborated by a statement from an official of a bank or other responsible and reputable private or public credit agency. Paragraph $ ( d) The applicant must submit a certificate of medical exami-nation which will contain a statement by an examining physician assuring the applicant's physical ability to operate a farm. Paragraph 9 ( lines k and 5) in the Summary of Requirements and Procedures states, in part: "... which will entitle the entryman to three acre- feet of water per irrigable acre." This should be changed to read: "... which will entitle the entryman to 2g acre- feet of water per irrigable acre." UNITED . STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR BUREAU OF RECLAMATION WASHINGTON Klamath Irrigation Project, Oregon - California Tule Lake Division PUBLIC NOTICE OPENING PUBLIC LANDS TO ENTRY oo U3 August 1, 191* 6 1. Public land for which water i£ available and for whichi entry may be made.— In pursuance of the act of June 17, 1902 ( 32 Stat. 38b1), and acts amendatory thereof or supplemental thereto, TE" is hereby announced that water will be available in the irrigation season of 191* 7 and thereafter, and beginning September 15>, 19l* 6, entry may be made in accordance with this notice for the following- described public lands under the Tule Lake Division of the Klamath Irrigation Project, Oregan- California, as shown on farm unit plats of Township 1* 7 North, Ranges £ and 6 East and Township 1* 8 North, Range 5 East, Mount Diablo Meridian, California, to wit: Mount Diablo Meridian, California Total Irrigable Acreage 8U. 0 101.2 73o5 73.7 73 » 3 5 76.0 76o2 75.8 66.8 68.3 66.8 68.3 7U. 7 73.8 7U. 1 73o8 127.9 73.8 80.0 137.5 129.6 87.8 9h. B 98.0 109 o 6 7li. O lh. 3 7li. 6 7JU. 3 73.9 7U. 2 73.9 7U. 2 7U. 5 714.2 7U. 67.2 73.3 7U. 9 73.2 7U. 7 100.7 91.3 Township 1* 7 North Range Farm Unit A BA B CDE F G H A B C D EF G HCD E B A A B G H C D E F A B CD E FG * H L A BCD E F * T. 1* 7 N., R. 6 E., M. D. £ East Section 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 12 12 12 12 12 7* 13 18* 13 18* 13 18* 13 18* 13 13 13 13 11* H* Hi ll* H* ll* ll* ll* 16 23 23 23 23 23 23 26 27 . M. • . Description Lots 16 &' 17 Lot 20 & W\| swi Lot 1 & SEzNEi Lot 2 & SWINEJ Lot 3 & SEzNWz Lot k & SW\| NW § EJSWJ WISEJ EgSEz, Lot 1 & SEzNEz Lot 2.& SWJNEJ Lot 3 j& SEJNWJ Lot k & SW} NW\| wisWz EJSWJ WtSEf EiSEt Lots 6, 16 & SW^ NWj w^ swj Lots 10 & 2X-* Lots 17, 18 & WiSE\| Lots 9 & 12 Lots 12 & 13 Lot 1 & NW^ NEj Lot 10 Lot 2 & SWjNEi Lot 11 Lot 3 & NWjSEj Lot ll* Lot 1* & SWjSEj Lot 1^ EiNWi W4NW} wlswf : v EI- SIVJ EJNEJ ;.; mttl E\| SW} l/ feSE'z E\| SE\| WyNWj Ef NEi W\| NEI EiNV/ z WJMWTI-Lots 3, 1* & 6 Lot ^ Lot 20 Lots 18 & 20 1. Farm Unit DCEF B A G A B A E C DE F G H A T. 18 N., R, 5 E., F G L G H J K Section 2k 2k 2k 2k 2k 19* 21 19* 21 25 27 27 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 33 28 27 33 M. D. M. 25 26 26 26 • 27 27 27 28 27 31 27 26 33 3h 28 33 33 33 3k 33 3k 3k 3k 3k 3k 3k 3$ 35 Description EJNWJ Lots 9, Lots 7, 10 & NEjSWj- 8 & NWiSEz Lots 5 & SW- jNEi Lot 10 Lot k & Lot 9 Lots 12 Lots 19 Lots 10, Lots 11 Lot, 1 & Lot 2 & Lot 3 & Lot I & E\|- SW\| W- JSE § Lot 20 Lot 5 Lot 31 Lots 10, NW^ NEJ & 13 • & 20 , 23, 2k, 27 & & 32 SEiNEi SWfNEi S E J M J smriNwJ , 15 & 16 Lots 16 & 17 Lot 7 & E\| W- JSEi Ejswi & W?- W1SE\| i, NjsEiswi, NWJSEJ NEJSEJ & N- ISEISEI Lots 2 & 3 Total Irrigable Acreage 75.0 73.2 77.5 76.8 91.8 109.0 ' 7a. 2 . 83.9 80.9 78. k TS. k . 78.3 60.8 60.8 77.6 86.3 70.1 73.5 120 111 III 103 105 110 .9 .1 .3 .5 • 5 • J .8 113.8 109 113 113 109 10U 111 .9 .8 ,7 .7 .6 • 0 96.8 99.5 98.8 96.6 M., R. 6 E., M. D. M. 2. Total Farm Unit Section Description Irrigable Acreage sIsE- jNWi 99. k 35 Lots 2, 3 i j i 99 o 6 B 35 \| J, 36 Lots 13 & lii 126o8 G 35 Lot U & NEjSEj 36 Lot 20 103 o 9 A 36 Lots 5, 6, 12, 15 & 16 9lu2± The farm unit plats referred to above were approved on the date of this notice and are on file in the Office of the Superintendent, Bureau of Reclamation, Klamath Falls, Oregon, and in the district land office at Sacramento, California, - where they may be examined by any person desiring to make application hereundero 2. Preference rights to honorably discharged veterans of World War II.— Pursuant to the provisions of the Act of September 27, 19hk, and The Act of June 25, 19^ 6 ( Public Law Ul\| 0 - 79th~ Congress, 2nd Session), and related legislation,-"- and until 2: 00 p. m., December 15, 19U6, the lands described above will be open to entry only by persons who have served not less than 90 days in the Army or Navy of the United States in World War II and have been honorably separated or discharged therefrom or placed in the regular Army or Naval Reserve; provided, however, that they must be qualified to make'entry under the homestead laws and also possess the qualifications as to industry, experience, character, capital, and physical fitness required of all applicants under this notice. Farm applica-tions received prior to 2: 00 p. m., September 15, 19U6, will be considered as simultaneously filed. Farm applica-tions received after 2: 00 p. m., September 15, 19l; 6, will be filed and considered in the order of their receipt0 3. Limit of acreage for which entry may be made.— The limit of area of public land per entry, representing the acreage which", in the opinion of the SeereTary of the Interior, may be reasonably required for the support of a family upon such land, is fixed at the amounts shown upon the farm unit plats for the respective farm units above listed. k. Applicants must be qualified.— No entry shall be accepted or allowed by the Register of the district land office until the applicant"~ therefor has satisfied the Examining Board appointed for the Klamath Project to consider such matters, that he is possessed of such qualifications ( in addition to the qualifications required under the homestead law) as to industry, experience, character, capital and physical fitness as in the opinion of the Board are necessary to give reasonable assurance of success by the prospective settler. A digest of the qualifications required by the homestead laws is contained in the attachment to this notice. Complete information may be secured from the District Land Office in Sacramento, California, or from the Bureau of Land Management, Washington, D. Co 5. Requirements as_ to Industry, Experience, Character, and Capital.— The following are established as minimum qualification^ Tailure to meet them in. all respects will be sufficient cause to reject an application. No credit will be given for qualifications in excess of the minimum required: ( a) Each applicant must submit as part of his farm application three testimonials concerning his character and covering such points as honesty, temperate habits, thrift, industry, seriousness of purpose, record of good moral conduct in the past and a sincere desire to lead a bona fide farm life. These may be prepared and signed by an ordained minister, including chaplains in the armed service, any commanding officer under whom the applicant served for six months or more, a teacher or administrative official of any recognized high school or college, present or previous employer, or any comparable, responsible individual or official, not a relative, who is personally acquainted with the applicant. These may be the individuals listed in paragraph 17 of the Farm Appli-cation Blank. ( b) The applicant must have had at least two years1 full- time farm experience after the age of 15 and within the last seven years of civilian life; or must have lived and wox~ ked on a farm for five years continuously after reaching the age of 12 and within the last 10 years of civilian life. Time spent in active military service will not be included in the time used in computing farm experience. Two years of study in agricultural courses in an accredited agricultural college or two years of responsible technical work in agriculture which might help fit the applicant for operation of a farm may be credited as one year of farm experience except that. no more than one year of farm experience may be credited from such sources. One year of farm experience must be obtained by actual residence and work on a farm. A farm youth over the age of 15 attending school but actually residing and working on the farm may credit such time as actual farm experience. In support of his claim to meeting this requirement of farm experience, the applicant must supply three written statements signed by the county agent, F. S « AO county supervisor, A0AoA. County Chairman, official of any local farm organization, or comparable individuals, who have personal knowledge of the applicant's farm experience or have verified it to his complete satisfaction, testifying theretoo ( c) The applicant must demonstrate that he possesses a minimum of $ 2,000 in unencumbered assets applicable or convertible to the needs of farming in this area. This may be determined by an itemized listing of assets and liabilities in space provided on the application blank. ( d) The applicant must be in physical condition to operate a farm successfully, including the manual labor involved. If physically handicapped or afflicted with ailments making this condition questionable, a detailed statement by an examining physician should accompany the application. " Including Soldiers' and Sailors' Civil Relief Act of 191 0, as amended ( 51* Stat. 1178, 1186; % Stat. 769, 776; 50 U. S. C. App. 560- 572)." 3. 6. When and how to file an application for a farm unit.— ( a) A Farm Application Blank is attached to this notice. Additional blanks may be secured from the Superintendent, Klamath Falls, Oregon; the Regional Director, P. 0. Box 2^ 11, Sacramento, California, or the Commissioner, Bureau of Reclamation, Washington 2^, D. C. Full answer must be made to each question on the Farm Application Blank. The applicant may state the particular farm unit desired and may also include alternate choices or the choice may be left open to the examining boarde ( b) If the applicant claims a preference right on account of military service, he shall attach to his appli-cation an affidavit setting forth such military service. The affidavit shall state the applicant's time of service, the unit of which he was a member, the date on which he was honorably discharged, or separated, or transferred to the regular Army or Naval Reserve, and that he did not refuse to wear the uniform of such service or to perform the duties thereof. Providing that they qualify in other respects, women veterans have equal rights and will receive equal consideration in their application for farm unitso ( c) An application for a farm unit listed in this notice, together with the proof to be furnished by veterans, must be filed with the Superintendent, Bureau of Reclamation, Klamath Falls, Oregon, in person, if con-venient, or by mail, or otherwise, prior to 2: 00 p. m., September l£, ± 9h6, if the applicant desires to qualify under the terms of this notice. No advantage will accrue to an applicant presenting his application in person rather than by mail. All applications received prior to 2: 00 p. m., September'l£, 19U6, will be held and treated as simultaneously filed. Applications received after 2: 00 p. m., September l£, 19U6, will be considered only as provided in paragraphs 2 and 12 of this public order. 7. Examining Board.— An Examining Board of five members, including the Superintendent of the Klamath Project who will act as Secretary of the Board, has been approved by the Commissioner of Reclamation to consider the fit-ness of each applicant to undertake the development and operation of a farm on the Klamath Project. Careful investigation shall be made to verify the statements and representations made by the applicants to the end that no misunderstanding may prevail, either regarding the applicant's fitness or his appreciation of the problem before him. Any falsification will automatically cause the application to be discarded from consideration, 8. Selection of Qualified Applicants.— To determine whether an applicant for a farm unit is eligible under the provisions of subsection " C" of Section k of the Act of December 5, 192k, his application will be reviewed on the basis of whether or not he is qualified as an entryman. Applicants will be judged on the qualifications of character, industry, farming experience and capital and no applicant will be considered eligible who does not qualify in all respects, or who does not, in the opinion of the Examining Board, possess the health and vigor for active farm work. 9. Showing of applicants and selection thereofc— ( a) Where the applicant, in the original application which he files fails to make a prima facie case— that is, where the applicant ( l) does not possess good health; or ( 2) fails to make the necessary showing as to character; or ( 3) fails to make the necessary showing as to industry; or ( U) fails to make the necessary showing as to citizenship, or ( 5) dees not show at least two years' farm experience; or ( 6) does not show at least $ 2-, 000 in unencumbered assets; or ( 7) is disqualified because of having already made homestead entry; or ( 8) is the owner of more than 160 acres of land in the United States; or ( 9) is otherwise disqualified, the application for a farm unit shall be rejected, and the applicant notified thereof by registered mail, with return receipt demanded, and of his right to appeal to the Regional Director of the Bureau of Reclamation within 10 days from . receipt of such notification. All appeals allowed under this Public Notice No. h3 must be filed in the office of the Superin-tendent at Klamath Falls, Oregon, within 10 days from receipt by applicants of rejection notices. The Superinten-dent will forward such appeals promptly to the Regional Director. ( b) After the expiration of the appeal period fixed by the above- mentioned notices, if any are required, to applicants who failed to make prima facie cases, and in the absence of any pending appeals, the Board shall pro-ceed to select the 86 successful applicants ( there being 86 farm units described in paragraph 1 subject to entry) o All applicants in the group filing prior to 2: 00 pom;, September l£, 19U6, and who possess minimum qualifications as outlined in paragraph 5>, will be considered equally. From the names of all qualified applicants in the group considered as simultaneously filed, there shall be drawn 172 names ( twice the number of homesteads to be awarded). These 172 applicants shall be closely investigated, in the order in which selected, and any falsehood or mis-representation shall be grounds for the Board to disqualify the applicant and to pass on to the next in order until the 86 successful applicants have been determined, plus a sufficient number of alternates to replace those in the first group of 86 who fail to complete their transactions. In the event that there are remaining units to be awarded, consideration will be given to Veteran applications, in the order of filing, prior to 2: 00 p. mc, December l£, 19^ 6, as provided in paragraph 2 above. Remaining units, if any, will be awarded, in the order of filing of applications, as provided in paragraph 12 of this order. ( c) Applicants from among the group of 172 selected in paragraph 9( b) above who subsequently are disquali-fied as a result of investigation by the Board shall be sent a notice by registered mail, with return receipt demanded, unless delivered in person, setting forth the reasons thereof and of the right to appeal to the Regional Director within 10 days from receipt of such notice as provided in paragraph 9( a) above, ( d) Immediately following the selection of the 86 successful applicants, the Board shall send a notice by registered mail with return receipt demanded, to each of the ether qualified applicants, advising him of his standing, as alternate or otherwise, and that since the number of qualified applicants exceeds the number of available farms, his application must be held for rejection. In the event that any of the 86 applicants awarded a farm unit fails to fulfill the requirements of paragraph 10 hereof, the Board will select other applicants in the order of their standing on the list of alternates to replace those failing to complete their transactions0 10 Notification of Applicant that he has been selected.— After the expiration of the period or periods fixed by notices to applicants in the conTTngencies named in paragraph 9 above, or any other that may arise, and upon completion of action which may become necessary because of such notices, the Board shall notify each appli-cant selected for a farm, by registered mail with return receipt demanded, unless delivered to him in person, that he has been selected for a farm unito Whenever practicable, and within the time allowance stated on the notice, the Board shall allow the successful applicants to exercise a choice of farms as listed on their application blanks and in the order of their standing in the drawing. However, the Government reserves the right to assign the farms regardless of individual preferences. After a farm has been selected, the Board shall send tne applicant, by r egistered nail with return receipt demanded, unless delivered to him in person, a water rental application for the farm selected, which rvust be executed by the applicant and returned to the Superintendent, Bureau of Reclamation, Klamath Falls, Oregon, within 10 days from receipt, together with payment of the minimum water rental charge, as specified in paragraph 15 hereof. The Secretary of the Examining Board will furnish each such applicant by registered mail, unless delivered to him in person, a certificate' stating that his qualifications to enter public lands, as required by sub- section " C" of Section h of the Act of December 5, 192U ( U3 Stat. 702), have been passed upon and approved by that Board. Such certificate must be attached by the applicant to his homestead application when he files such application at the District Land Office at Sacramento, California. Such homestead application shall be filed within ]£ days from the date of the receipt by the applicant of the said certificate. Failure to pay the water rental charge or to make application for homestead entry within the periods specified herein will render the application subject to rejection. 11. Failure of selected applicant to - complete transaction.— If the applicant to whom a farm has been awarded fails to comply witH" any of the requirements named above, the Board will select the next listed alternate. 12. General entry.— After all applications received prior to 2: 00 p. m., December 15, 19^ 6, have been con-sidered and awards of farm units made to all qualified applicants, any farm units described in paragraph 1 above which remain unentered, shall be subject to entry under this order by any person having the necessary qualifications. If, on September 15, 19U6, prior to 2: 00 p. m., the number of applications filed exceeds the number of available farm units, then the right to make entry for any such farm unit shall be determined in accordance with paragraphs 2 and 9 of this order, the provisions of which shall continue in effect in a s imilar manner in the future if the number of applications at any time exceeds the number of remaining available farm units. 13. Warning against unlawful settlement.~- No person shall be permitted to gain or exercise any right under any settlement or occupation of any of the public lands covered by this order except under the terms and conditions prescribed by this order, provided, however, that this shall not affect any valid existing right obtained by settle-ment or entry while the land was subject thereto. 111. Construction charges,— Section 15 of the Act of May 25, 1926 ( hk Stat. 639) authorizes and directs the Secretary, when announcement is made of the construction charges for this division, to fix and allocate the con-struction cost per acre in accordance with the findings and recommendations of the Board of Survey and Adjustments as shown on page 26 of House Document No. 201, 69th Congress, 1st Session. As recited on page 26 of said Document No. 201, the Board found that the total gross cost of construction charged to the division, as of June 30, 1925, is $ l, 6hO, 9h9; and that this cost should be allocated on the basis of 37,500 acres and not upon 2l±, 2OO as hereto-fore; and that a deduction of'$ 23h, U07 should be made from the cost named. Applying the deduction of $ 23h9hD7 would leave a remainder of $ l, lio6,5> li2 and the Board's report at this point recites: " The net cost would be 31,1* 06,51* 2, and this amount divided by 37,500 acres, would give an average construction cost of $ 37.50 per acre. This per acre cost of $ 37.5 » O does not include any costs for future construction work which will be necessary to complete this division, and this should be particularly noted." The estimate of cost to complete the works for 33,000 acres which are considered irrigable, is $ 1,678,000 or a per acre cost of $ 50.85. This amount added to the per acre cost to June 30, 1925, of $ 37.50 would make e total per acre cost of £ 88.35. A summary of the construction estimate for work after June 30, 1925, is attached to and made a part of this order. If the actual cost of future work is less than the estimate of $ 1,678,000 named above, the construction charge will be proportionately reduced, but the expenditure of $ 1,678,000 will not be exceeded without the water users agreeing to repay all sums in excess » of this amount. In arriving at the per acre rate of $ 88.35, and as shown above, the write- off of $ 23U, UO7 authorized in Section 15 of the Act of May 25, 1926, has been deducted from the total cost, but before this write- off may be actually accomplished, the Secretary of the Interior must require, as set forth in Section h$ of the said Act of May 25, 1926, a contract with a water users1 association or irrigation district whereby such association or irrigation district shall be required to pay the entire charges against all productive lands within the division without regard to default in the payment of charges against any individual tract of land; also as provided in Section U5 of the Act named, there must be executed a contract of the character described, before the ^ 0- year repayment plan as authorized in this Section may be made effective. Since the Tule Lake Division, with the exception of a few tracts, embraces only public land it would not be possible to make such a contract until the lands are opened and entered. Under the circumstances, the division will be operated on a water- rental basis until its agricultural development has advanced sufficiently to permit of a district organization, at which time a so- called joint liability contract will be required and the construction charge will be'announced at $ 88.35 per acre payable over a l± Q- year period. Should the entrymen or water users fail, or refuse, to proceed in the manner required under the Act of May 25, 1926, it will become necessary to issue public notice under the Extension Act of August lii, 191k ( 38 Stat. 686), without regard to the write- off and under a 2G- year- repayment plan. This would result in a per acre charge of $ U9• 70 instead of $ 37.50 for the cost to June 30, 1925, which added to the per acre cost to complete of $ 50.85, would fix the construction charge at $ 100.55 per acre payable in 20 years* 1^° Water- rental charges.— The minimum water- rental charge for the irrigation season of 19ii7 shall be two dollars and eighty cents ($ 2.50) per acre for each irrigable acre of land in the farm unit, whether water is used or not, which will entitle the entryman to 2j acre- feet of water per irrigable acre. Additional water will be furnished during the said irrigation season up to a limit of 3$- acre- feet per irrigable acre at the rate of fifty cents ( 50f) per acre- foot, and all further quantities at seventy- five cents C75#) per acre- foot, payable on December 1, 19U7. Payment of the minimum charge of two dollars and eighty cents ($ 2.80) per acre for the irrigation season of 191+ 7 shall be nade at the time of filing of water- rental applications: provided, that when water- rental application is filed after June 15, 19hl, payment shall be of a minimum charge of two dollars and eighty cents ($ 2.80) per acre, which payment shall apply as a credit on the minimum charge for the follow-ing irrigation season. If payment for water used in addition to the allowance under the minimum charge is not made on or before December 1 as herein provided, there shall be added to the amount unpaid a penalty of one-half of 1 per centum thereof, and there shall be added a like penalty of one- half of 1 per centum on the first day of each month thereafter so long as such default shall continue. No water will be delivered to the • 5. entryman in subsequent years until such charge shall have been paid in full. Future charges will be announced by future order or public notice. 16. Place and manner of payment of water charge,— All water charges must be paid at the office of the Bureau of Reclamation at Klamath Falls, OregonJ by cash or bank draft, cashier's check, certified check, or postal or express money order, payable to Treasurer of the United States, 17o Water- right application under public notice0— Within three months after date of public notice announcing the construction charges for the land described in this order, each entryman, if required to do so by the Secretary of the Interior, shall make a formal water- right application covering his farm unit. Upon failure to do so, the Secretary may, at his option, cancel the entry in question, with all rights acquired thereunder. 18 • All land to be included in irrigation district .— Each water rental application for land covered by this order shall be made"~ onTorm 7- 2b19 and the following clause shall be inserted at the bottom of said form: " I agree to the inclusion of my land in an irrigation district and I agree also to participate in the organization of an irrigation district at the earliest practicable date." 19, Reservation _ of rights _ of way for county highways..— Rights of way are reserved for county highways across the farm units shown on the farm unit plats along all red lines shown on said plats, said rights of way being 30 feet in width on each side of said lines in all cases where lines are drawn in red solid lines and 60 feet in width out of the farm units crossed by lines drawn in red broken lines. Rights of way are reserved for highways across the farm units abutting the northeasterly side of the Central Pacific Railroad Company's right of way, the said highway right of way being a strip of 100 feet in width, parallel to and touching the said railroad right of way. 20. Effect of relinquishment.— In the event that any entry of public land shall be relinquished prior to 2: 00 p. m., December 15, the lands so relinquished shall be subject to entry in accordance with paragraphs 2 and 9 of this notice. In the event that any entry of public land shall be relinquished subsequent to 2: 00 p. m., December l£, and at any time prior to. actual proving up of the land through necessary residence, cultivation and other homestead requirements, the lands so relinquished shall not be subject to entry for a period of 60 days after the filing and notation of the relinquishment in the local land office. During the 10- day period next succeeding the expiration of such 60- day period, any person having the necessary qualifications may file application for said public land. If, on the tenth day of said' 10- day period, prior to 2: 00 p. m., the number of applications filed exceeds the number of available farm units, then the right to make entry for such farm units shall be determined in accordance with the procedure described in paragraph 9 of this notice. 21. Waiver o£ mineral rights .— All homestead entries for any of the above- described farm units will be subject to the laws of the United States governing mineral land and all homestead applicants under this notice must waive the right to the mineral content of the land, if required to do so by the Bureau of Land Management, otherwise the homestead application will be rejected or the homestead entry cancelled. Assistant Secretary SUMARY OF REQUIREMENTS AND PROCEDURES PUBLIC LANDS OPENED TO HOMESTEAD ENTRY KUMATH PROJECT— 19U6 1. Applicant must possess qualifications established by Bureau of Reclamation in addition to those required under homestead law. 2. Lands will be opened to entry at 2: 00 p. m., September 15, 19k6* Veterans of World War II have a preference right for 90 days following the date of opening. Applications received prior to 2: 00 p. m., September 15 > 19U6, shall be considered as simultaneously filed. After September 15, 19U6, applications will be considered in1 the ordef^ of filing. Applications from other than Veterans of World Yfar II may not be considered prior to 2: 00 p. m., December 15, 19U6. 3. Copies of the Public Notice, together with the Farm Application Blank, may be secured from the Superintendent, Bureau of Reclamation, Klamath Falls, Oregon, or from the Commissioner, Bureau of Reclamation, Washington, D. C. Applications for a farm unit must be filed with the Superintendent, Bureau of Reclamation, Klamath Falls, Oregon. U. Homestead law requirements of entrymen. ( a) Must be 21 years of age or head of a family or have been honorably discharged from the armed forces of the United States after a period of at least 90 days1 service during World War II. ( b) Must be a citizen of the United States or have declared intentions to become a citizen. ( c) Must not own more than 160 acres of land in the United States ( certain exceptions are allowed). ( d) Must establish residence within six months after allowance of entry ( extension of six months may be allowed). Residence must be maintained for a period of three years except honorably discharged veterans who served not less than 90 days are entitled to have the term of service, not exceeding two years, deducted from the three years1 residence requirements. ( e) Land must be_ cultivated for a period of at least two years covering one- sixteenth of area second year and one- eighth of area during the third year and until final proof. ( f) Entryman must have habitable house on land when submitting proof. ( g) Proof as to meeting requirements must be submitted within five years from date of entry. 5. Bureau of Reclamation requirements of applicants. ( a) Must possess standards of character, including honesty, temperance, thrift, industry, moral conduct and seriousness of purposes. References submitted must be individuals prepared to certify to character of witness. ( b) Must have had at least two years' full- time farm experience after age of 15 and within the last. seven years of civilian lifej or during last 10 years of civilian life must have lived and worked on a farm contin-uously for five years after reaching the age of 12. Two or more sworn testimonials must be supplied in support of applicant's claim to meeting this requirement. ( c) Must possess a minimum of $ 2,000 in unencumbered assets applicable or convertible to the needs of farming in the area. ( d) Must be in physical condition to operate a farm including manual labor involved. ( e) Affidavits as to character, farm experience, financial resources and physical condition are required of each applicant. 6. An Examining Board approved by the Commissioner of Reclamation, composed of local citizens and includ-ing the Project Superintendent will consider the fitness of each applicant in line with paragraphs h and 5 above. Applicants disqualified by the Board may appeal within 10 days of receipt of notification. 7. All qualified applicants will be given an equal chance in a drawing to select 172 names ( twice the number of homesteads to be awarded). These 172 shall be closely investigated, in the order in which drawn, and any falsehood or misrepresentation shall be grounds for the Board to disqualify the applicant and pass on to the next in order until the 86 successful applicants have been selected, plus a sufficient number of alternates to replace those in the first group of 86 who fall to complete their transactions. 8. The Examining Board shall notify a successful applicant that he has been selected for a farm unit and, within the time allowance stated on the notice, shall allow the successful applicants to exercise a choice of farms in the order of their standing. However, the Government reserves the right to assign the farms regardless of individual preferences. 9. After a farm has been selected, the Examining Board shall send the applicant a water rental application - which must be executed and returned to the Project Superintendent TntLthin 10 days from receipt, together with payment of the minimum water rental charge. The minimum water rental charge for the irrigation season of 19U7 shall be $ 2.80 per acre for each irrigable acre of land in the farm unit, whether water is used or not, which will entitle the entryman to three acre- feet of water per irrigable acre. Additional water will be furnished during the 19U7 season up to a limit of 3 § acre- feet per irrigable acre at the rate of 50 cents per acre- foot, and all further quantities for 75 cents per acre- foot. 10. The Examining Board will furnish each applicant a certificate stating that his qualifications to enter public land have been approved by the Board. Such certificate must be attached by the applicant to his homestead application which must be filed at the District Land Office, Sacramento, California, within 15 days of receipt of the certificate. 11. Failure to pay the water rental charges or to make application for homestead entry within the periods specified will render the application subject to rejection. 12. Construction charges on the lands to be opened total $ 88.35 per acre, payable within UO years, providing a water users1 association or irrigation district is formed. Should the entrymen or water users fail to form such a district or association, charges will be $ 100.55 per acre, payable within 20 years. 2.

69. [Image] Water-resources appraisal of Crater Lake National Park, Oregon


	ill., maps; Includes bibliographical references;
	Citation Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Water-resources appraisal of Crater Lake National Park, Oregon Author: Frank, F. J. Year: 1969, 2008 ill., maps; Includes bibliographical references; Title: Water-resources appraisal of Crater Lake National Park, Oregon Author: Frank, F. J. Year: 1969, 2008 ill., maps; Includes bibliographical references;

70. [Image] The geology and geochemistry of thirteen cinder cones at Crater Lake National Park, Oregon


	ill.; maps; Thesis (M.S.)--University of Oregon, 1985; Includes vita and abstract; Includes bibliographical references (leaves 154-158)
	Citation Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The geology and geochemistry of thirteen cinder cones at Crater Lake National Park, Oregon Author: Prueher, Elizabeth M., 1957- Year: 1985, 2009 ill.; maps; Thesis (M.S.)--University of Oregon, 1985; Includes vita and abstract; Includes bibliographical references (leaves 154-158) Title: The geology and geochemistry of thirteen cinder cones at Crater Lake National Park, Oregon Author: Prueher, Elizabeth M., 1957- Year: 1985, 2009 ill.; maps; Thesis (M.S.)--University of Oregon, 1985; Includes vita and abstract; Includes bibliographical references (leaves 154-158)

71. [Image] The Water Report - Klamath water bank OR


	Only portions of issues of The Water Report are available in the Klamath Waters Digital Library. See the full report at http://www.thewaterreport.com/
	Citation Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The Water Report - Klamath water bank OR Author: Envirotech Publications Year: 2005, 2008, 2006 Only portions of issues of The Water Report are available in the Klamath Waters Digital Library. See the full report at http://www.thewaterreport.com/ Title: The Water Report - Klamath water bank OR Author: Envirotech Publications Year: 2005, 2008, 2006 Only portions of issues of The Water Report are available in the Klamath Waters Digital Library. See the full report at http://www.thewaterreport.com/

72. [Image] Irrigation system maintenance, groundwater quality, and improved production


	"April 2004"; Includes bibliographical references (p. 3).
	Citation Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Irrigation system maintenance, groundwater quality, and improved production Author: Selker, John S. Year: 2004, 2005 "April 2004"; Includes bibliographical references (p. 3). Title: Irrigation system maintenance, groundwater quality, and improved production Author: Selker, John S. Year: 2004, 2005 "April 2004"; Includes bibliographical references (p. 3).

73. [Image] Klamath Falls Resource Area resource management plan and environmental impact statement : final : Volume 3


	Proposed resource management plan/final environmental impact statement for the Klamath Falls Resource Area
	Citation Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Klamath Falls Resource Area resource management plan and environmental impact statement : final : Volume 3 Author: United States. Bureau of Land Management. Klamath Falls Resource Area Office Year: 1994, 2005 Proposed resource management plan/final environmental impact statement for the Klamath Falls Resource Area Title: Klamath Falls Resource Area resource management plan and environmental impact statement : final : Volume 3 Author: United States. Bureau of Land Management. Klamath Falls Resource Area Office Year: 1994, 2005 Proposed resource management plan/final environmental impact statement for the Klamath Falls Resource Area

74. [Image] Monitoring of Lost River and Shortnose suckers and shoreline spawning areas in Upper Klamath Lake, 1999


	Monitoring of Lost River and Shortnose Suckers at Shoreline Spawning Areas in Upper Klamath Lake, 1999 Prepared by: Rip S. Shively1 Mark F. Bautista2 Andre E. Kohler2 1 U. S. Geological Survey, Biological ...
	Citation Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Monitoring of Lost River and Shortnose suckers and shoreline spawning areas in Upper Klamath Lake, 1999 Author: Shively, Rip S.; Bautista, Mark F.; Kohler, Andre E. Year: 1999, 2005 Monitoring of Lost River and Shortnose Suckers at Shoreline Spawning Areas in Upper Klamath Lake, 1999 Prepared by: Rip S. Shively1 Mark F. Bautista2 Andre E. Kohler2 1 U. S. Geological Survey, Biological Resources Division Klamath Falls Duty Station 6937 Washburn Way Klamath Falls, OR 97603 2 Johnson Controls World Services Inc. NERC Operation Post Office Box 270308 Fort Collins, CO 80527 Executive Summary In 1999, we sampled Lost River { Deltistes luxatus) and shortnose ( Chasmistes brevirostris) suckers from 5 April to 17 June at five shoreline spawning locations in Upper Klamath Lake ( UKL). Trammel nets were set to encompass identified spawning areas and were fished approximately 1- 1.5 hours before sunset until 3 hours after sunset or until 20 or more fish were captured. A total of 808 Lost River and 19 shortnose suckers were captured from Sucker, Silver Building, Ouxy, and Boulder springs, and Cinder Flats. The majority of Lost River suckers were captured at Cinder Flats ( 35%) and Sucker Springs ( 34%), followed by Ouxy Springs ( 16%), Silver Building Springs ( 12%), and Boulder Springs ( 3%). Males dominated the catch at all sites, but the sex ratios at Cinder Flats and Silver Building Springs were particularly skewed towards males. We recaptured 32 Lost River suckers that had been tagged during previous years sampling efforts. All of these fish, with the exception of two fish tagged at Ball Point in July, were originally tagged during the spawning season at shoreline spawning areas in UKL. This information provides further evidence that distinct stocks of Lost River suckers exist based on spawning location ( i. e., UKL and Williamson River). We also recaptured 23 Lost River suckers that were tagged in 1999 at shoreline spawning areas. Approximately half of these fish were recaptured at different locations than tagged indicating these fish were moving between spawning areas. The size offish captured at shoreline spawning areas decreased as the spawning season progressed, although the decrease in size was not as dramatic as reported in previous years. A limited number of shortnose suckers were captured at shoreline spawning areas in 1999, with a majority sampled after 1 May. Previous data for shortnose suckers at these sites is limited with respect to size, timing of spawning, sex composition, and relative numbers. Continuation of systematic sampling efforts at shoreline spawning areas will provide valuable information on the demographics and life history of Lost River and shortnose suckers utilizing these areas. Acknowledgements We thank Anita Baker, Brooke Bechen, Lani Hickey, and Tonya Wiley for assisting with sampling offish at shoreline spawning areas. Mark Buettner and Brian Peck ( U. S. Bureau of Reclamation) provided support during the early phases of our sampling as well as helpful comments on this report. We also appreciate the cooperation and support of Larry Dunsmoor ( Klamath Tribes) for identifying spawning areas, providing logistical support, and for the thoughtful review of this report. Cassandra Watson and Elizabeth Neuman produced finalized versions of tables and figures within this report and their efforts are greatly appreciated. This research was funded by the U. S. Geological Survey, Biological Resources Division through the Western Reservoirs Initiative. Introduction Severe water quality problems in Upper Klamath Lake ( UKL) have led to critical fisheries concerns for the region. Historically, UKL was eutrophic but has become hypereutrophic ( Goldman and Home 1983) presumably due to land- use practices within the basin ( USFWS 1993). As a result, the algal community has shifted to a monoculture of the blue- green algae Aphanizomemon flos- aquae and massive blooms of this species have been directly related to poor water quality episodes in UKL. The growth and decomposition of dense algal blooms in the lake frequently cause extreme water quality conditions characterized by high pH ( 9- 10.5), widely variable dissolved oxygen ( anoxic to supersaturated), and high ammonia concentrations (> 0.5 mg/ 1 unionized). In addition to water quality problems associated with A. flos- aquae, it is believed the loss of marsh habitat near the lake, timber harvest, removal of riparian vegetation, livestock grazing, and agricultural practices within the basin has contributed to hypereutrophic conditions. It is likely that these disturbances have altered the UKL ecosystem substantially enough to contribute to the near monoculture of A. flos- aquae. Investigations in 1913 documented the algal community as a diverse mix of blue- green and diatom communities, however, by the 1950' s A. flos- aquae was dominant ( USFWS 1993). The Lost River sucker ( Deltistes luxatus) and shortnose sucker ( Chasmistes brevirostris) are endemic to the Upper Klamath Basin of California and Oregon ( Moyle 1976). Declining population trends for both species were noted as early as the mid- 1960' s, however, the severities of the population declines were not evident until the mid- 1980' s. In 1988 the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service listed both Lost River and shortnose suckers as endangered. Suspected reasons for their decline included damming of rivers, dredging and draining of marshes, water diversions, hybridization, competition and predation by exotic species, insularization of habitat, and water quality problems associated with timber harvest, removal of riparian vegetation, livestock grazing, and agricultural practices ( USFWS 1993). The U. S. Geological Survey, Biological Resources Division ( BRD) has been conducting field investigations on Lost River and shortnose suckers in UKL since 1994. The majority of these sampling efforts have focused on catching fish in UKL and the Lower Williamson River. Sampling in the Lower Williamson River focused on developing indices of relative abundance of Lost River and shortnose suckers. In 1999, Oregon State University continued sampling in the Lower Williamson River fishing trammel nets from April to August at four standardized locations. In addition to sampling efforts in the Lower Williamson River, BRD crews conducted periodic sampling at several shoreline spawning areas on the east side of UKL. This sampling was beneficial because it provided information on species composition, size, and sex ratios of suckers utilizing these areas. However, temporal changes in abundance may have been missed because consistent sampling never occurred throughout the entire spawning season ( Perkins et al, In preparation). Recently, there has been increased concern on the effects of water level management in UKL on spawning suckers. Information is needed on the timing, relative abundance, and distribution of sucker spawning in UKL to make informed decisions with respect to management of lake elevation. In 1999, we conducted systematic trammel netting surveys at Sucker, Silver Building, Ouxy, and Boulder springs and Cinder Flats along the east shore of UKL. In addition, we sampled periodically at Barkley Springs and Modoc Point to determine if suckers were utilizing these areas for spawning. This report summarizes data collected in 1999 on shoreline spawning populations of Lost River and shortnose suckers with emphasis on timing, species composition, sex ratios, and relative abundance. Methods We conducted systematic trammel netting surveys at five locations along the east shore of UKL ( Figure 1). We began sampling at Cinder Flats, Sucker, Silver Building, and Ouxy springs in early April with Boulder Springs added to the list of sampling sites on 27 April. In addition to these sites, we periodically sampled at Barkley Springs and Modoc Point ( Table 1). We attempted to sample each site twice per week although certain sites were only sampled once per week when catch rates of suckers were low ( i. e., less than 5 fish per evening). Trammel nets were fished for about 4 hours ( approximately 1- 1.5 hours before sunset until 3 hours after dark) or until we captured 20 or more fish. Nets used at individual sites varied in length from 15- 30 m, were 1.8 m tall with two outer panels ( 30cm bar mesh), an inner panel ( 3.8 cm bar mesh), a foam core float line, and a lead core bottom line. Generally, we set 1- 2 nets starting at the shoreline and extending out to encompass the perimeter of the identified spawning area. Nets were checked at approximately 1 hour intervals and captured fish were cut from the inner mesh panel and placed in a mesh cage and processed within 2 hours. Suckers were identified by species and sex, measured to the nearest mm ( fork length), inspected for tags ( both PIT and Floy tags), and examined for physical afflictions ( e. g., presence oiLernaea spp. and lamprey scars). If a sucker did not have a PIT tag, one was inserted with a hypodermic needle along the ventral surface 1- 2 cm anterior of the pelvic girdle. The catch per unit effort ( CPUE) of adult Lost River suckers was calculated for individual sampling locations for each evening sampled. Because identified spawning areas varied in size we used different length trammel nets to encompass the spawning areas. We did not attempt to standardize CPUE based on length of trammel nets used at each location. Results We sampled shoreline spawning areas from 5 April - 17 June capturing a total of 808 Lost River suckers and 19 shortnose suckers from 5 sites ( Table 1). Lost River and shortnose suckers were captured at Sucker Springs, Silver Building Springs, Ouxy Springs, and Cinder Flats, while only Lost River suckers were captured at Boulder Springs. No suckers were captured at Barkley Springs and Modoc Point ( Table 1). The majority of Lost River suckers were captured at Cinder Flats ( 35%) and Sucker Springs ( 34%; Figure 2). Males dominated the catch at all sites and were generally smaller ( mean length = 538 mm) than females captured ( mean length = 596 mm). In particular, sex ratios ( males to females) were most skewed at Cinder Flats and Silver Building Springs ( Figure 3). Large females (> 650 mm) were captured at most sites, except Boulder Springs, and the size range offish captured over time remained similar with the exception that a fewer large individuals (> 600 mm) were captured in the late sampling period ( 1 May - 17 June) as compared to the early sampling period ( 6- 30 April; Figure 4; Appendix Figure A). The catch of shortnose suckers was limited at all sites sampled. Most ( 12 of 19) of the shortnose suckers were collected at Sucker Springs, with 1- 3 fish captured at Cinder Flats, Ouxy Springs, and Silver Building Springs ( Table 1). We identified 8 males and 8 females during the sampling period and were unable to determine sex for three individuals. The mean size of shortnose suckers was 360 mm ( range 289- 528 mm) similar to data reported by Perkins et al. ( In preparation) from Sucker, Silver Building, and Ouxy springs. We observed the highest CPUE of Lost River suckers at Cinder Flats ( mean CPUE= 12.7/ h) followed by Sucker Springs ( mean CPUE= 6.0/ h), Silver Building Springs ( mean CPUE = 2.8/ h), and Ouxy Springs ( mean CPUE= 2.4/ h) ( Figure 5). On three occasions at Cinder Flats, 20 or more suckers were captured within an hour or less resulting in the termination of sampling for the evening. CPUE was calculated for sampling dates at Boulder Springs ( mean CPUE= 1.4/ h), although comparisons with other sites is not applicable because this site was not initially included in systematic sampling efforts. We did not calculate CPUE for shortnose suckers. We captured a total of 32 Lost River and 2 shortnose suckers that were tagged during previous years sampling efforts. The majority ( 96%) of these fish was originally tagged at shoreline locations ( Table 2), which is consistent with historical recapture data ( Appendix Table A). Two Lost River suckers were originally tagged at Ball Point in UKL in July, after the spawning season. In addition, most Lost River suckers were recaptured before 1 May, including 15 fish that were collected at Sucker Springs during two sampling occasions in March ( Figure 6). We also recaptured a total of 21 Lost River suckers that were tagged in 1999 at shoreline spawning areas. Approximately half of these fish were recaptured at different areas than where they were tagged, indicating that some suckers are moving between spawning areas within the season ( Table 3). Discussion Our sampling indicated the spawning period for Lost River suckers lasted from mid- March through the beginning of June at shoreline spawning areas in 1999. The catch of Lost River suckers was dominated by males at all sites sampled, particularly at Cinder Flats and Silver Building Springs. Perkins et al., ( In preparation) reported skewed sex ratios at shoreline spawning locations following the fish kills that occurred in UKL from 1995- 1997. However, the ratios we observed were considerably higher than those reported by Perkins et al., ( In preparation). At this time we are unable to determine the reason for the sex ratios observed. It is possible that males remain longer at the spawning areas than females making them more vulnerable to capture. Perkins et al., ( In preparation) observed spawning acts and reported that males remained near the actual site where spawning occurs while females move onto the spawning site only when ready to spawn. We captured 23 Lost River suckers twice in 1999 and all but one of these fish were males. However, it is difficult to determine if this percentage is due to males remaining at these sites longer than females or a reflection of the existing sex ratios. Another possible explanation could be the large numbers of males in the catch are from the 1991- 1993 year classes and females from these year classes have yet to be recruited into the adult population. The majority of males captured ( 81%) were between 475 - 574 mm. Age and growth information from Lost River suckers collected during the 1996- 1997 fish kills indicate these fish would be between 5- 9 years old ( USGS, BRD, 10 unpublished data). Perkins et al., ( In preparation) reported that male Lost River suckers migrating up the Williamson River begin to be recruited into the adult population starting at age 4+, while females did not begin to mature until age 7+ . These data were based on examining length frequency distributions and noting when fish from the 1991 year class, which is presumed to be a strong year class, began showing up in trammel net catches. Fish from the 1991 year class would have been age 8+ in 1999. Buettner and Scoppetone ( 1990) examined opercles from Lost River suckers collected during the 1986 fish kill in UKL and reported that individuals matured between 6- 14 years of age with the peak being 9 years. It is possible that in the next few years more females from the 1991- 93 year classes will be recruited into the adult population spawning at shoreline areas. Our data provides additional evidence that distinct stocks of Lost River suckers may exist based on fidelity to spawning area. Of the 32 suckers we recaptured from previous years sampling efforts, all but two were originally tagged at shoreline spawning locations. The two fish that were not originally tagged at shoreline spawning locations were captured at Ball Point in July and were not presumed to be spawning in this location. Perkins et al. ( In preparation) reported that of 316 Lost River and 11 shortnose suckers recaptured at shoreline spawning areas all were originally tagged at shoreline spawning locations. Continuation of systematic sampling at both shoreline spawning areas and the Williamson and Sprague rivers will continue to provide information on potential separation of spawning populations. The majority of recaptured fish were tagged during the first half of our sampling efforts including 13 fish that were recaptured on 25 March while sampling with Larry Dunsmoor of the Klamath Tribes. Historically, the majority of sampling effort at 11 shoreline spawning locations occurred prior to 1 May, which may explain why most recaptures were collected during the early part of our sampling period. In fiiture years, we plan to continue systematic sampling through June to determine if temporal aspects of spawning remain consistent between years. The size offish captured at shoreline spawning areas decreased as the spawning season progressed, particularly near the end of our sampling period, although the decrease was not as dramatic as reported by Perkins et al., ( In preparation). It is possible that individual timing of Lost River sucker spawning is affected by size. Scoppettone et al., ( 1986) observed that smaller, younger cui- ui ( Chasmistes cujus) at Pyramid Lake spawned at the end of the spawning season. We believe further investigation is needed to determine if differences in spawning timing among individuals is due to size or related to stock differences. A limited number of shortnose suckers were captured in 1999. Sampling continued well into June and was sufficient to detect spawning concentrations of shortnose suckers at these sites. Based on previous sampling conducted at shoreline spawning areas, there appears to be a decreasing trend in the number of shortnose suckers captured at these sites ( Perkins, et al., In preparation). Our sampling efforts at shoreline spawning areas on the east side of UKL represents the first time these areas have been systematically sampled during the spawning season. Continuation of systematic sampling at these areas is important to provide information on species composition, timing and duration of spawning, fidelity to spawning areas, sex ratios, size distribution, and relative abundance. How these 12 population characteristics change over time will also provide important insights into the population stability of Lost River and shortnose suckers in UKL. 13 Literature Cited Buettner, M. And G. Scoppettone. 1990. Life history status of catostomids in Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon. U. S. F. W. S. Completion Report. 108 pp. Goldman, C. R. and A. J. Home. 1983. Limnology. McGraw Hill, New York. Moyle, P. B. 1976. Inland fishes of California. University of California Press, Berkeley, CA. Perkins, D. L., G. G. Scoppettone, and M. Buettner. In preparation. Reproductive biology and demographics of endangered Lost River and shortnose suckers in Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon. U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 1993. Lost River ( Deltistes luxatus) and shortnose ( Chasmistes brevirostris) sucker recovery plan. Portland, Oregon. 108 pp. 14 Table 1. Summary of the shoreline locations sampled in Upper Klamath Lake and the number of Lost River ( LRS) and shortnose ( SNS) suckers captured in 1999. Sampling Dates Sampled Number of days Number of LRS Number of SNS Location ( range) Sampled Captured Captured Barkley Springs 4/ 5- 4/ 27 4 0 0 11 21 0 19 284 2 4 0 0 20 129 3 19 100 2 Sucker Springs 4/ 5- 6/ 17 20 274 13 Total 808 20 Boulder Springs Cinder Flats Modoc Point Ouxy Springs Silver Bldg. Springs 4/ 27- 4/ 6- 4/ 13- 4/ 6- 4/ 5- 6/ 17 6/ 17 4/ 21 6/ 17 6/ 17 15 Table 2. Summary of the number of Lost River suckers recaptured from previous years sampling efforts at shoreline spawning locations in Upper Klamath Lake, 1999. Site Originally Captured Boulder Springs Cinder Flats Ouxy Springs Silver Bldg. Springs Sucker Springs Ball Point Total Boulder Springs 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Site Cinder Flats 0 1 0 0 4 2 7 Recaptured Ouxy Springs 0 0 0 1 1 0 2 in 1999 Silver Bldg. Springs 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 Sucker Springs 0 0 1 2 19 0 22 16 Table 3. Summary of the number of Lost River suckers recaptured at shoreline locations in Upper Klamath Lake originally tagged in 1999. Site Originally Captured in 1999 Boulder Springs Cinder Flats Ouxy Springs Silver Bldg. Springs Sucker Springs Total Boulder Springs 0 0 0 0 0 0 Site Cinder Flats 0 3 1 3 1 8 Recaptured Ouxy Springs 0 1 0 0 3 4 in 1999 Silver Bldg. Springs 0 0 1 1 0 2 Sucker Springs 0 2 0 1 6 9 17 1. Sucker Springs 2. Silver Building Springs 3. Ouxy Springs 4. Cinder Flats 5. Boulder Springs Figure 1. Map of Upper Klamath and Agency Lakes showing major tributaries and shoreline spawning areas sampled in 1999. 18 o I 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 BOULDER SPRINGS 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 D LRS Male • LRS Female * No Fish Jtt * * * * * * OUXY SPRINGS D LRS Male • LRS Female * No Fish 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 CINDER FLATS D LRS Unknow n _ r i • LRS Male • i_ r\ o remaie ic No Fish EII1IJ n „ * * * * 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 > SILVER BUILDING SPRINGS • LRS Unknow n • LRS Male • LRS Female * No Fish D n n p » * * * * * SUCKER SPRINGS ALL AREAS COMBINED • LRS Unknown D LRS Male • LRS Female • LRS Unknow n • LRS Male • LRS Female / / / / / / Figure 2. Summary of the number and sex of Lost River Suckers ( LRS) captured at shoreline spawning areas in Upper Klamath Lake, 1999 sampling. LRS unknown refers to captured individuals in which sex could not be determined. 19 70% -, 60% 50% 40% - 30% - 20% - 10% 0% CINDER FLATS _ o_ n= 283 9.1 : 1 8C O in io in om CD o i n 70% -, 60% - 50% - 40% - 30% - 20% - 10% - 0% - BOULDER SPRINGS y n 11 7 6 2 n= 21 9.5: 1 • g si n 8 CD omr o in oo § 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% OUXY SPRINGS om CN oi n co o ini o in in SUCKER SPRINGS 70% -, 60% - 50% - 40% - 30% - 20% - 10% - 0% - n= 129 4.1 : 0 • _ o in CD omh omoo n= 273 3.5: 1 U • - - sC O oi n oi nm om o i n 00 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% - 10% 0% SILVER BUILDING SPRINGS 70% 60% - 50% - 40% 30% 20% 10% - 0% 8 CM ALL SITES 8 CO JL 8 8 i n n= 99 8.1 : 1 • H „ - in in in CD h- 00 n= 805 5.3: 1 _ D • Male • Female 8 C N O O O O O O O O O O O i n o m oin i nin oCDi nCDo i n o i nco Fork length Figure 3. Length frequency histogram of male and female Lost River suckers ( LRS) captured at shore-line spawning areas in Upper Klamath Lake, 1999. The total number of LRS captured in 1999 and ratio of males to females are presented in the upper right hand corner of each graph. 20 E QJ D 160 i 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 A) 1999 LR Length Frequency ( 3/ 18/ 99- 4/ 30/ 99) DMale • Female • male = 457 xM = 541.4 i siaev - jo. y female = 60 xF = 611.9 stdev = 77.2 (—\| Qy O ^ D 160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 # 4? B) o - I— # $ # C) # # $ # 1999 LR Length Frequency ( 5/ 1/ 99 - 6/ 8/ 99) DMale • Female male = 219 xM = 531.4 5> lUeV — H 1 , , — i remaie = bB xF = 582 8 stdev = 68.1 • y . _ _ # ^ # # # # # # # ^ 1999 SN Length Frequency ( 4/ 30/ 99 - 5/ 30/ 99) 1 U 14 - 12 - 10 s p. A 2 0 - , Dmale • female y y • l i y n male = 8 xM = 363 stdev - 29.7 fpryiolp — ft xF = 357.1 stdev = 35.5 Forklength ( mm) Figure 4. Length frequency for Lost River ( LRS) and shortnose ( SNS) suckers captured at shoreline spawning areas in Upper Klamath Lake, 1999. Graphs represent A) LRS caught from March 19- April 30, 1999, B) LRS caught from May 1- June 8, 1999, and C) SNS caught from April 30- May 30, 1999 ( all SNS sampling days were combined due to limited SNS numbers). Four LRS with unknown gender were not included in the graph, two were caught before May 1st, and two after May 1st. Three SNS with unknown gender were not included in the graph. 21 BOULDER SPRINGS 20 i 18 16 - I 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 O) O) O) 0 ) 0 ) 0 ) 0 ) 0 ) in CM O) $ § I co o L? 5 LO O) O) O) g> g> g> o r^ •<• n ^ CN CD CD CD 45 40 - 35 30 25 20 15 10 - 5 0 CINDER FLATS 0 ) 0 ) OO - f - r in in 0 ) 0 ) 0 ) C D C D C D 1 sw 20 18 16- 14- 12 - 10 8 6 4 OUXYSPRNGS Jl 0 ) 0 ) 0 ) 0 ) OO 0 ) 0 ) 0 ) C N I O C D O) O) O) O) Q < o z: ? z in CD CD 20- 18 - 16 14 - 12 - 10 - 8 6 4 - 2 - 0 - SILVER BUILDING SPRINGS ii , II p l, « u u •———,—— O) O) O) 0 ) 0 ) 0 ) in CN O) T- CM CM O) O) O) O) O) O) CO O h » - in O) O) O) ill CD CD CD SUCKER SPRINGS ALL SITES Figure 5. Summary of catch per unit effort ( CPUE) of Lost River suckers at shoreline spawning areas in Upper Klamath Lake, 1999. Note change in scale for the Cinder Flats and the All Sites graphs. 22 BOULDER SPRINGS 14 12 10 8 -\| 6 4 2 0 n= 0 0 ) 0 ) 0 ) 0 ) 0 ) 0 ) 0 ) O) CD CN O) CD CO O T - C\\| ^ ^ T- CNJ CO CO CO ^" ^" ^" OUXY SPRINGS 1 C D n= 2 14 1 8 4 2^ 0 oo S ^ ^ SUCKER SPRINGS ^ £ j CNJ in in to n= 22 - U-CD CO O j - CM CO 1 C D 14 12 -\ 10 8 -] 6 4 2 - 0 CINDER FLATS n= 7 LJl 0 ) 0 ) 0 ) 0 ) 0 ) T^ Cr^ N ^? ^ T- 14 12 10 - 8 6 4 - 2 0 SILVER BUILDING SPRINGS Tt x- 00 - CN CN in in in n= 1 0 ) 0 ) 0 ) 0 ) 0 ) 0 ) 0 ) 0 ) 0 ) 0 ) 0 ) 0 ) O) CD CN O> CD CO ^ CJ ^ ^ ^ CN co co ^ j- "< t ALL SITES O) O) O) O) O) O) in in in n= 32 I 0 0) in in in Figure 6. Summary of the number of Lost River suckers recaptured at shoreline spawning areas, Upper Klamath Lake, 1999. Recaptured fish were originally tagged betweeen 1988- 1998. 23 Appendix Table A. Summary of recapture data for Lost River Suckers in the Upper Klamath Lake Basin from 1985- 1999. Sampling was generally conducted from March- July of each year, although the emphasis in sampling was during the spawning period. Recapture data includes fish that were tagged with Floy and PIT tags. Site Last Recaptured Site Originally Captured Cinder Flats Ouxy Springs Silver Bldg. Springs Sucker Springs Williamson River Sprague River Upper Lake Middle Lake Total Cinder Flats 1 0 0 4 0 0 2 0 7 Ouxy Springs 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 3 Silver Bldg. Springs 0 0 1 6 0 0 0 0 7 Sucker Springs 0 0 6 288 4 0 0 0 298 Williamson River 0 0 0 1 6 3 0 0 10 Sprague River 0 0 0 0 1 13 1 0 15 Upper Lake 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Middle Lake 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 2 Total 1 1 9 300 12 16 3 0 342 Appendix Table B. Summary of recapture data for shortnose suckers in the Upper Klamath Lake Basin from 1985- 1999. Sampling was generally conducted from March- July of each year, although the emphasis in sampling was during the spawning period. Recapture data includes fish that were tagged with Floy and PIT tags. Site Last Recaptured Site Originally Captured Ouxy Springs Silver Bldg. Springs Sucker Springs Williamson River Sprague River Lower Lake Middle Lake Total Ouxy Springs 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 Silver Bldg. Springs 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Sucker Springs 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 Williamson River 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 4 Sprague River 0 0 0 2 3 0 0 5 Lower Lake 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Middle Lake 0 0 0 1 2 0 5 8 Upper Lake 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Reeder Road Bridge 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 Total 2 0 0 7 5 0 6 20 25 5 2iu5 Appendix Figure A. Summary of the size range of Lost River suckers captured at shoreline sampling areas in Upper Klamath Lake, 1999, by date sampled. Title: Monitoring of Lost River and Shortnose suckers and shoreline spawning areas in Upper Klamath Lake, 1999 Author: Shively, Rip S.; Bautista, Mark F.; Kohler, Andre E. Year: 1999, 2005 Monitoring of Lost River and Shortnose Suckers at Shoreline Spawning Areas in Upper Klamath Lake, 1999 Prepared by: Rip S. Shively1 Mark F. Bautista2 Andre E. Kohler2 1 U. S. Geological Survey, Biological Resources Division Klamath Falls Duty Station 6937 Washburn Way Klamath Falls, OR 97603 2 Johnson Controls World Services Inc. NERC Operation Post Office Box 270308 Fort Collins, CO 80527 Executive Summary In 1999, we sampled Lost River { Deltistes luxatus) and shortnose ( Chasmistes brevirostris) suckers from 5 April to 17 June at five shoreline spawning locations in Upper Klamath Lake ( UKL). Trammel nets were set to encompass identified spawning areas and were fished approximately 1- 1.5 hours before sunset until 3 hours after sunset or until 20 or more fish were captured. A total of 808 Lost River and 19 shortnose suckers were captured from Sucker, Silver Building, Ouxy, and Boulder springs, and Cinder Flats. The majority of Lost River suckers were captured at Cinder Flats ( 35%) and Sucker Springs ( 34%), followed by Ouxy Springs ( 16%), Silver Building Springs ( 12%), and Boulder Springs ( 3%). Males dominated the catch at all sites, but the sex ratios at Cinder Flats and Silver Building Springs were particularly skewed towards males. We recaptured 32 Lost River suckers that had been tagged during previous years sampling efforts. All of these fish, with the exception of two fish tagged at Ball Point in July, were originally tagged during the spawning season at shoreline spawning areas in UKL. This information provides further evidence that distinct stocks of Lost River suckers exist based on spawning location ( i. e., UKL and Williamson River). We also recaptured 23 Lost River suckers that were tagged in 1999 at shoreline spawning areas. Approximately half of these fish were recaptured at different locations than tagged indicating these fish were moving between spawning areas. The size offish captured at shoreline spawning areas decreased as the spawning season progressed, although the decrease in size was not as dramatic as reported in previous years. A limited number of shortnose suckers were captured at shoreline spawning areas in 1999, with a majority sampled after 1 May. Previous data for shortnose suckers at these sites is limited with respect to size, timing of spawning, sex composition, and relative numbers. Continuation of systematic sampling efforts at shoreline spawning areas will provide valuable information on the demographics and life history of Lost River and shortnose suckers utilizing these areas. Acknowledgements We thank Anita Baker, Brooke Bechen, Lani Hickey, and Tonya Wiley for assisting with sampling offish at shoreline spawning areas. Mark Buettner and Brian Peck ( U. S. Bureau of Reclamation) provided support during the early phases of our sampling as well as helpful comments on this report. We also appreciate the cooperation and support of Larry Dunsmoor ( Klamath Tribes) for identifying spawning areas, providing logistical support, and for the thoughtful review of this report. Cassandra Watson and Elizabeth Neuman produced finalized versions of tables and figures within this report and their efforts are greatly appreciated. This research was funded by the U. S. Geological Survey, Biological Resources Division through the Western Reservoirs Initiative. Introduction Severe water quality problems in Upper Klamath Lake ( UKL) have led to critical fisheries concerns for the region. Historically, UKL was eutrophic but has become hypereutrophic ( Goldman and Home 1983) presumably due to land- use practices within the basin ( USFWS 1993). As a result, the algal community has shifted to a monoculture of the blue- green algae Aphanizomemon flos- aquae and massive blooms of this species have been directly related to poor water quality episodes in UKL. The growth and decomposition of dense algal blooms in the lake frequently cause extreme water quality conditions characterized by high pH ( 9- 10.5), widely variable dissolved oxygen ( anoxic to supersaturated), and high ammonia concentrations (> 0.5 mg/ 1 unionized). In addition to water quality problems associated with A. flos- aquae, it is believed the loss of marsh habitat near the lake, timber harvest, removal of riparian vegetation, livestock grazing, and agricultural practices within the basin has contributed to hypereutrophic conditions. It is likely that these disturbances have altered the UKL ecosystem substantially enough to contribute to the near monoculture of A. flos- aquae. Investigations in 1913 documented the algal community as a diverse mix of blue- green and diatom communities, however, by the 1950' s A. flos- aquae was dominant ( USFWS 1993). The Lost River sucker ( Deltistes luxatus) and shortnose sucker ( Chasmistes brevirostris) are endemic to the Upper Klamath Basin of California and Oregon ( Moyle 1976). Declining population trends for both species were noted as early as the mid- 1960' s, however, the severities of the population declines were not evident until the mid- 1980' s. In 1988 the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service listed both Lost River and shortnose suckers as endangered. Suspected reasons for their decline included damming of rivers, dredging and draining of marshes, water diversions, hybridization, competition and predation by exotic species, insularization of habitat, and water quality problems associated with timber harvest, removal of riparian vegetation, livestock grazing, and agricultural practices ( USFWS 1993). The U. S. Geological Survey, Biological Resources Division ( BRD) has been conducting field investigations on Lost River and shortnose suckers in UKL since 1994. The majority of these sampling efforts have focused on catching fish in UKL and the Lower Williamson River. Sampling in the Lower Williamson River focused on developing indices of relative abundance of Lost River and shortnose suckers. In 1999, Oregon State University continued sampling in the Lower Williamson River fishing trammel nets from April to August at four standardized locations. In addition to sampling efforts in the Lower Williamson River, BRD crews conducted periodic sampling at several shoreline spawning areas on the east side of UKL. This sampling was beneficial because it provided information on species composition, size, and sex ratios of suckers utilizing these areas. However, temporal changes in abundance may have been missed because consistent sampling never occurred throughout the entire spawning season ( Perkins et al, In preparation). Recently, there has been increased concern on the effects of water level management in UKL on spawning suckers. Information is needed on the timing, relative abundance, and distribution of sucker spawning in UKL to make informed decisions with respect to management of lake elevation. In 1999, we conducted systematic trammel netting surveys at Sucker, Silver Building, Ouxy, and Boulder springs and Cinder Flats along the east shore of UKL. In addition, we sampled periodically at Barkley Springs and Modoc Point to determine if suckers were utilizing these areas for spawning. This report summarizes data collected in 1999 on shoreline spawning populations of Lost River and shortnose suckers with emphasis on timing, species composition, sex ratios, and relative abundance. Methods We conducted systematic trammel netting surveys at five locations along the east shore of UKL ( Figure 1). We began sampling at Cinder Flats, Sucker, Silver Building, and Ouxy springs in early April with Boulder Springs added to the list of sampling sites on 27 April. In addition to these sites, we periodically sampled at Barkley Springs and Modoc Point ( Table 1). We attempted to sample each site twice per week although certain sites were only sampled once per week when catch rates of suckers were low ( i. e., less than 5 fish per evening). Trammel nets were fished for about 4 hours ( approximately 1- 1.5 hours before sunset until 3 hours after dark) or until we captured 20 or more fish. Nets used at individual sites varied in length from 15- 30 m, were 1.8 m tall with two outer panels ( 30cm bar mesh), an inner panel ( 3.8 cm bar mesh), a foam core float line, and a lead core bottom line. Generally, we set 1- 2 nets starting at the shoreline and extending out to encompass the perimeter of the identified spawning area. Nets were checked at approximately 1 hour intervals and captured fish were cut from the inner mesh panel and placed in a mesh cage and processed within 2 hours. Suckers were identified by species and sex, measured to the nearest mm ( fork length), inspected for tags ( both PIT and Floy tags), and examined for physical afflictions ( e. g., presence oiLernaea spp. and lamprey scars). If a sucker did not have a PIT tag, one was inserted with a hypodermic needle along the ventral surface 1- 2 cm anterior of the pelvic girdle. The catch per unit effort ( CPUE) of adult Lost River suckers was calculated for individual sampling locations for each evening sampled. Because identified spawning areas varied in size we used different length trammel nets to encompass the spawning areas. We did not attempt to standardize CPUE based on length of trammel nets used at each location. Results We sampled shoreline spawning areas from 5 April - 17 June capturing a total of 808 Lost River suckers and 19 shortnose suckers from 5 sites ( Table 1). Lost River and shortnose suckers were captured at Sucker Springs, Silver Building Springs, Ouxy Springs, and Cinder Flats, while only Lost River suckers were captured at Boulder Springs. No suckers were captured at Barkley Springs and Modoc Point ( Table 1). The majority of Lost River suckers were captured at Cinder Flats ( 35%) and Sucker Springs ( 34%; Figure 2). Males dominated the catch at all sites and were generally smaller ( mean length = 538 mm) than females captured ( mean length = 596 mm). In particular, sex ratios ( males to females) were most skewed at Cinder Flats and Silver Building Springs ( Figure 3). Large females (> 650 mm) were captured at most sites, except Boulder Springs, and the size range offish captured over time remained similar with the exception that a fewer large individuals (> 600 mm) were captured in the late sampling period ( 1 May - 17 June) as compared to the early sampling period ( 6- 30 April; Figure 4; Appendix Figure A). The catch of shortnose suckers was limited at all sites sampled. Most ( 12 of 19) of the shortnose suckers were collected at Sucker Springs, with 1- 3 fish captured at Cinder Flats, Ouxy Springs, and Silver Building Springs ( Table 1). We identified 8 males and 8 females during the sampling period and were unable to determine sex for three individuals. The mean size of shortnose suckers was 360 mm ( range 289- 528 mm) similar to data reported by Perkins et al. ( In preparation) from Sucker, Silver Building, and Ouxy springs. We observed the highest CPUE of Lost River suckers at Cinder Flats ( mean CPUE= 12.7/ h) followed by Sucker Springs ( mean CPUE= 6.0/ h), Silver Building Springs ( mean CPUE = 2.8/ h), and Ouxy Springs ( mean CPUE= 2.4/ h) ( Figure 5). On three occasions at Cinder Flats, 20 or more suckers were captured within an hour or less resulting in the termination of sampling for the evening. CPUE was calculated for sampling dates at Boulder Springs ( mean CPUE= 1.4/ h), although comparisons with other sites is not applicable because this site was not initially included in systematic sampling efforts. We did not calculate CPUE for shortnose suckers. We captured a total of 32 Lost River and 2 shortnose suckers that were tagged during previous years sampling efforts. The majority ( 96%) of these fish was originally tagged at shoreline locations ( Table 2), which is consistent with historical recapture data ( Appendix Table A). Two Lost River suckers were originally tagged at Ball Point in UKL in July, after the spawning season. In addition, most Lost River suckers were recaptured before 1 May, including 15 fish that were collected at Sucker Springs during two sampling occasions in March ( Figure 6). We also recaptured a total of 21 Lost River suckers that were tagged in 1999 at shoreline spawning areas. Approximately half of these fish were recaptured at different areas than where they were tagged, indicating that some suckers are moving between spawning areas within the season ( Table 3). Discussion Our sampling indicated the spawning period for Lost River suckers lasted from mid- March through the beginning of June at shoreline spawning areas in 1999. The catch of Lost River suckers was dominated by males at all sites sampled, particularly at Cinder Flats and Silver Building Springs. Perkins et al., ( In preparation) reported skewed sex ratios at shoreline spawning locations following the fish kills that occurred in UKL from 1995- 1997. However, the ratios we observed were considerably higher than those reported by Perkins et al., ( In preparation). At this time we are unable to determine the reason for the sex ratios observed. It is possible that males remain longer at the spawning areas than females making them more vulnerable to capture. Perkins et al., ( In preparation) observed spawning acts and reported that males remained near the actual site where spawning occurs while females move onto the spawning site only when ready to spawn. We captured 23 Lost River suckers twice in 1999 and all but one of these fish were males. However, it is difficult to determine if this percentage is due to males remaining at these sites longer than females or a reflection of the existing sex ratios. Another possible explanation could be the large numbers of males in the catch are from the 1991- 1993 year classes and females from these year classes have yet to be recruited into the adult population. The majority of males captured ( 81%) were between 475 - 574 mm. Age and growth information from Lost River suckers collected during the 1996- 1997 fish kills indicate these fish would be between 5- 9 years old ( USGS, BRD, 10 unpublished data). Perkins et al., ( In preparation) reported that male Lost River suckers migrating up the Williamson River begin to be recruited into the adult population starting at age 4+, while females did not begin to mature until age 7+ . These data were based on examining length frequency distributions and noting when fish from the 1991 year class, which is presumed to be a strong year class, began showing up in trammel net catches. Fish from the 1991 year class would have been age 8+ in 1999. Buettner and Scoppetone ( 1990) examined opercles from Lost River suckers collected during the 1986 fish kill in UKL and reported that individuals matured between 6- 14 years of age with the peak being 9 years. It is possible that in the next few years more females from the 1991- 93 year classes will be recruited into the adult population spawning at shoreline areas. Our data provides additional evidence that distinct stocks of Lost River suckers may exist based on fidelity to spawning area. Of the 32 suckers we recaptured from previous years sampling efforts, all but two were originally tagged at shoreline spawning locations. The two fish that were not originally tagged at shoreline spawning locations were captured at Ball Point in July and were not presumed to be spawning in this location. Perkins et al. ( In preparation) reported that of 316 Lost River and 11 shortnose suckers recaptured at shoreline spawning areas all were originally tagged at shoreline spawning locations. Continuation of systematic sampling at both shoreline spawning areas and the Williamson and Sprague rivers will continue to provide information on potential separation of spawning populations. The majority of recaptured fish were tagged during the first half of our sampling efforts including 13 fish that were recaptured on 25 March while sampling with Larry Dunsmoor of the Klamath Tribes. Historically, the majority of sampling effort at 11 shoreline spawning locations occurred prior to 1 May, which may explain why most recaptures were collected during the early part of our sampling period. In fiiture years, we plan to continue systematic sampling through June to determine if temporal aspects of spawning remain consistent between years. The size offish captured at shoreline spawning areas decreased as the spawning season progressed, particularly near the end of our sampling period, although the decrease was not as dramatic as reported by Perkins et al., ( In preparation). It is possible that individual timing of Lost River sucker spawning is affected by size. Scoppettone et al., ( 1986) observed that smaller, younger cui- ui ( Chasmistes cujus) at Pyramid Lake spawned at the end of the spawning season. We believe further investigation is needed to determine if differences in spawning timing among individuals is due to size or related to stock differences. A limited number of shortnose suckers were captured in 1999. Sampling continued well into June and was sufficient to detect spawning concentrations of shortnose suckers at these sites. Based on previous sampling conducted at shoreline spawning areas, there appears to be a decreasing trend in the number of shortnose suckers captured at these sites ( Perkins, et al., In preparation). Our sampling efforts at shoreline spawning areas on the east side of UKL represents the first time these areas have been systematically sampled during the spawning season. Continuation of systematic sampling at these areas is important to provide information on species composition, timing and duration of spawning, fidelity to spawning areas, sex ratios, size distribution, and relative abundance. How these 12 population characteristics change over time will also provide important insights into the population stability of Lost River and shortnose suckers in UKL. 13 Literature Cited Buettner, M. And G. Scoppettone. 1990. Life history status of catostomids in Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon. U. S. F. W. S. Completion Report. 108 pp. Goldman, C. R. and A. J. Home. 1983. Limnology. McGraw Hill, New York. Moyle, P. B. 1976. Inland fishes of California. University of California Press, Berkeley, CA. Perkins, D. L., G. G. Scoppettone, and M. Buettner. In preparation. Reproductive biology and demographics of endangered Lost River and shortnose suckers in Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon. U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 1993. Lost River ( Deltistes luxatus) and shortnose ( Chasmistes brevirostris) sucker recovery plan. Portland, Oregon. 108 pp. 14 Table 1. Summary of the shoreline locations sampled in Upper Klamath Lake and the number of Lost River ( LRS) and shortnose ( SNS) suckers captured in 1999. Sampling Dates Sampled Number of days Number of LRS Number of SNS Location ( range) Sampled Captured Captured Barkley Springs 4/ 5- 4/ 27 4 0 0 11 21 0 19 284 2 4 0 0 20 129 3 19 100 2 Sucker Springs 4/ 5- 6/ 17 20 274 13 Total 808 20 Boulder Springs Cinder Flats Modoc Point Ouxy Springs Silver Bldg. Springs 4/ 27- 4/ 6- 4/ 13- 4/ 6- 4/ 5- 6/ 17 6/ 17 4/ 21 6/ 17 6/ 17 15 Table 2. Summary of the number of Lost River suckers recaptured from previous years sampling efforts at shoreline spawning locations in Upper Klamath Lake, 1999. Site Originally Captured Boulder Springs Cinder Flats Ouxy Springs Silver Bldg. Springs Sucker Springs Ball Point Total Boulder Springs 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Site Cinder Flats 0 1 0 0 4 2 7 Recaptured Ouxy Springs 0 0 0 1 1 0 2 in 1999 Silver Bldg. Springs 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 Sucker Springs 0 0 1 2 19 0 22 16 Table 3. Summary of the number of Lost River suckers recaptured at shoreline locations in Upper Klamath Lake originally tagged in 1999. Site Originally Captured in 1999 Boulder Springs Cinder Flats Ouxy Springs Silver Bldg. Springs Sucker Springs Total Boulder Springs 0 0 0 0 0 0 Site Cinder Flats 0 3 1 3 1 8 Recaptured Ouxy Springs 0 1 0 0 3 4 in 1999 Silver Bldg. Springs 0 0 1 1 0 2 Sucker Springs 0 2 0 1 6 9 17 1. Sucker Springs 2. Silver Building Springs 3. Ouxy Springs 4. Cinder Flats 5. Boulder Springs Figure 1. Map of Upper Klamath and Agency Lakes showing major tributaries and shoreline spawning areas sampled in 1999. 18 o I 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 BOULDER SPRINGS 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 D LRS Male • LRS Female No Fish Jtt * * * * * * OUXY SPRINGS D LRS Male • LRS Female * No Fish 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 CINDER FLATS D LRS Unknow n _ r i • LRS Male • i_ r\ o remaie ic No Fish EII1IJ n „ * * * * 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 > SILVER BUILDING SPRINGS • LRS Unknow n • LRS Male • LRS Female * No Fish D n n p » * * * * * SUCKER SPRINGS ALL AREAS COMBINED • LRS Unknown D LRS Male • LRS Female • LRS Unknow n • LRS Male • LRS Female / / / / / / Figure 2. Summary of the number and sex of Lost River Suckers ( LRS) captured at shoreline spawning areas in Upper Klamath Lake, 1999 sampling. LRS unknown refers to captured individuals in which sex could not be determined. 19 70% -, 60% 50% 40% - 30% - 20% - 10% 0% CINDER FLATS _ o_ n= 283 9.1 : 1 8C O in io in om CD o i n 70% -, 60% - 50% - 40% - 30% - 20% - 10% - 0% - BOULDER SPRINGS y n 11 7 6 2 n= 21 9.5: 1 • g si n 8 CD omr o in oo § 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% OUXY SPRINGS om CN oi n co o ini o in in SUCKER SPRINGS 70% -, 60% - 50% - 40% - 30% - 20% - 10% - 0% - n= 129 4.1 : 0 • _ o in CD omh omoo n= 273 3.5: 1 U • - - sC O oi n oi nm om o i n 00 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% - 10% 0% SILVER BUILDING SPRINGS 70% 60% - 50% - 40% 30% 20% 10% - 0% 8 CM ALL SITES 8 CO JL 8 8 i n n= 99 8.1 : 1 • H „ - in in in CD h- 00 n= 805 5.3: 1 _ D • Male • Female 8 C N O O O O O O O O O O O i n o m oin i nin oCDi nCDo i n o i nco Fork length Figure 3. Length frequency histogram of male and female Lost River suckers ( LRS) captured at shore-line spawning areas in Upper Klamath Lake, 1999. The total number of LRS captured in 1999 and ratio of males to females are presented in the upper right hand corner of each graph. 20 E QJ D 160 i 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 A) 1999 LR Length Frequency ( 3/ 18/ 99- 4/ 30/ 99) DMale • Female • male = 457 xM = 541.4 i siaev - jo. y female = 60 xF = 611.9 stdev = 77.2 (—\| Qy O ^ D 160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 # 4? B) o - I— # $ # C) # # $ # 1999 LR Length Frequency ( 5/ 1/ 99 - 6/ 8/ 99) DMale • Female male = 219 xM = 531.4 5> lUeV — H 1 , , — i remaie = bB xF = 582 8 stdev = 68.1 • y . _ _ # ^ # # # # # # # ^ 1999 SN Length Frequency ( 4/ 30/ 99 - 5/ 30/ 99) 1 U 14 - 12 - 10 s p. A 2 0 - , Dmale • female y y • l i y n male = 8 xM = 363 stdev - 29.7 fpryiolp — ft xF = 357.1 stdev = 35.5 Forklength ( mm) Figure 4. Length frequency for Lost River ( LRS) and shortnose ( SNS) suckers captured at shoreline spawning areas in Upper Klamath Lake, 1999. Graphs represent A) LRS caught from March 19- April 30, 1999, B) LRS caught from May 1- June 8, 1999, and C) SNS caught from April 30- May 30, 1999 ( all SNS sampling days were combined due to limited SNS numbers). Four LRS with unknown gender were not included in the graph, two were caught before May 1st, and two after May 1st. Three SNS with unknown gender were not included in the graph. 21 BOULDER SPRINGS 20 i 18 16 - I 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 O) O) O) 0 ) 0 ) 0 ) 0 ) 0 ) in CM O) $ § I co o L? 5 LO O) O) O) g> g> g> o r^ •<*• n ^ CN CD CD CD 45 40 - 35 30 25 20 15 10 - 5 0 CINDER FLATS 0 ) 0 ) OO - f - r in in 0 ) 0 ) 0 ) C D C D C D 1 sw 20 18 16- 14- 12 - 10 8 6 4 OUXYSPRNGS Jl 0 ) 0 ) 0 ) 0 ) OO 0 ) 0 ) 0 ) C N I O C D O) O) O) O) Q < o z: ? z in CD CD 20- 18 - 16 14 - 12 - 10 - 8 6 4 - 2 - 0 - SILVER BUILDING SPRINGS ii , II p l, « u u •———,—— O) O) O) 0 ) 0 ) 0 ) in CN O) T- CM CM O) O) O) O) O) O) CO O h » - in O) O) O) ill CD CD CD SUCKER SPRINGS ALL SITES Figure 5. Summary of catch per unit effort ( CPUE) of Lost River suckers at shoreline spawning areas in Upper Klamath Lake, 1999. Note change in scale for the Cinder Flats and the All Sites graphs. 22 BOULDER SPRINGS 14 12 10 8 -\| 6 4 2 0 n= 0 0 ) 0 ) 0 ) 0 ) 0 ) 0 ) 0 ) O) CD CN O) CD CO O T - C\\| ^ ^ T- CNJ CO CO CO ^" ^" ^" OUXY SPRINGS 1 C D n= 2 14 1 8 4 2^ 0 oo S ^ ^ SUCKER SPRINGS ^ £ j CNJ in in to n= 22 - U-CD CO O j - CM CO 1 C D 14 12 -\ 10 8 -] 6 4 2 - 0 CINDER FLATS n= 7 LJl 0 ) 0 ) 0 ) 0 ) 0 ) T^ Cr^ N ^? ^ T- 14 12 10 - 8 6 4 - 2 0 SILVER BUILDING SPRINGS Tt x- 00 - CN CN in in in n= 1 0 ) 0 ) 0 ) 0 ) 0 ) 0 ) 0 ) 0 ) 0 ) 0 ) 0 ) 0 ) O) CD CN O> CD CO ^ CJ ^ ^ ^ CN co co ^ j- "< t ALL SITES O) O) O) O) O) O) in in in n= 32 I 0 0) in in in Figure 6. Summary of the number of Lost River suckers recaptured at shoreline spawning areas, Upper Klamath Lake, 1999. Recaptured fish were originally tagged betweeen 1988- 1998. 23 Appendix Table A. Summary of recapture data for Lost River Suckers in the Upper Klamath Lake Basin from 1985- 1999. Sampling was generally conducted from March- July of each year, although the emphasis in sampling was during the spawning period. Recapture data includes fish that were tagged with Floy and PIT tags. Site Last Recaptured Site Originally Captured Cinder Flats Ouxy Springs Silver Bldg. Springs Sucker Springs Williamson River Sprague River Upper Lake Middle Lake Total Cinder Flats 1 0 0 4 0 0 2 0 7 Ouxy Springs 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 3 Silver Bldg. Springs 0 0 1 6 0 0 0 0 7 Sucker Springs 0 0 6 288 4 0 0 0 298 Williamson River 0 0 0 1 6 3 0 0 10 Sprague River 0 0 0 0 1 13 1 0 15 Upper Lake 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Middle Lake 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 2 Total 1 1 9 300 12 16 3 0 342 Appendix Table B. Summary of recapture data for shortnose suckers in the Upper Klamath Lake Basin from 1985- 1999. Sampling was generally conducted from March- July of each year, although the emphasis in sampling was during the spawning period. Recapture data includes fish that were tagged with Floy and PIT tags. Site Last Recaptured Site Originally Captured Ouxy Springs Silver Bldg. Springs Sucker Springs Williamson River Sprague River Lower Lake Middle Lake Total Ouxy Springs 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 Silver Bldg. Springs 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Sucker Springs 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 Williamson River 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 4 Sprague River 0 0 0 2 3 0 0 5 Lower Lake 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Middle Lake 0 0 0 1 2 0 5 8 Upper Lake 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Reeder Road Bridge 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 Total 2 0 0 7 5 0 6 20 25 5 2iu5 Appendix Figure A. Summary of the size range of Lost River suckers captured at shoreline sampling areas in Upper Klamath Lake, 1999, by date sampled.

75. [Image] The Endangered Species Act and the National Research Council's interim judgment in Klamath Basin


	The controversial 2001 U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service water allocation decision in the Klamath Basin has been portrayed as an example of scientific guesswork operating under a flawed Endangered Species ...
	Citation Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The Endangered Species Act and the National Research Council's interim judgment in Klamath Basin Author: Cooperman, Michael S. ; Markle, Douglas F. Year: 2002, 2005 The controversial 2001 U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service water allocation decision in the Klamath Basin has been portrayed as an example of scientific guesswork operating under a flawed Endangered Species Act. This conclusion has been based on an interim National Research Council report, quickly prepared in late fall, 2001. We have reviewed several iterations of the NRC Interim Report as well as all Biological Opinions and management documents related to Klamath Basin suckers and provide an overview. The 2001 Biological Opinion and the Interim Report illustrate the lack of consensus typical of scientists in the early stages of exploring a complex system. Unfortunately, the decision created hardship for a small group of people and the lack of scientific consensus has politicized the debate. Politicians have assumed that the Interim Report has primacy in the scientific debate when, in fact, its speedy construction contributed to multiple errors that detract from its scientific usefulness. The NRC Interim Report has, instead, primarily served to deflect debate away from the needs of listed fishes to one about shortcomings in the Endangered Species Act. Although the process of science has been served by both the 2001 Biological Opinion and the Interim Report, both have shortcomings, and we see no justification for either side labeling the other's decisions or conclusions as "not sound science." Title: The Endangered Species Act and the National Research Council's interim judgment in Klamath Basin Author: Cooperman, Michael S. ; Markle, Douglas F. Year: 2002, 2005 The controversial 2001 U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service water allocation decision in the Klamath Basin has been portrayed as an example of scientific guesswork operating under a flawed Endangered Species Act. This conclusion has been based on an interim National Research Council report, quickly prepared in late fall, 2001. We have reviewed several iterations of the NRC Interim Report as well as all Biological Opinions and management documents related to Klamath Basin suckers and provide an overview. The 2001 Biological Opinion and the Interim Report illustrate the lack of consensus typical of scientists in the early stages of exploring a complex system. Unfortunately, the decision created hardship for a small group of people and the lack of scientific consensus has politicized the debate. Politicians have assumed that the Interim Report has primacy in the scientific debate when, in fact, its speedy construction contributed to multiple errors that detract from its scientific usefulness. The NRC Interim Report has, instead, primarily served to deflect debate away from the needs of listed fishes to one about shortcomings in the Endangered Species Act. Although the process of science has been served by both the 2001 Biological Opinion and the Interim Report, both have shortcomings, and we see no justification for either side labeling the other's decisions or conclusions as "not sound science."

76. [Image] A report on Crater Lake water quality: Crater Lake National Park, Oregon, 1988-1989


	1982-2002; ill, maps; Report title; CA 9000-3-0003 Subagreement 8; Includes appendices: Crater Lake Liminological Studies 1988 and 1989; "Submitted by Robert E. Benton, Superintendent Crater Lake National ...
	Citation Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: A report on Crater Lake water quality: Crater Lake National Park, Oregon, 1988-1989 Author: National Park Service, Crater Lake National Park Year: 1988, 2009 1982-2002; ill, maps; Report title; CA 9000-3-0003 Subagreement 8; Includes appendices: Crater Lake Liminological Studies 1988 and 1989; "Submitted by Robert E. Benton, Superintendent Crater Lake National Park." - T.p.; Includes bibliographical references; Issues lack volume numbering Title: A report on Crater Lake water quality: Crater Lake National Park, Oregon, 1988-1989 Author: National Park Service, Crater Lake National Park Year: 1988, 2009 1982-2002; ill, maps; Report title; CA 9000-3-0003 Subagreement 8; Includes appendices: Crater Lake Liminological Studies 1988 and 1989; "Submitted by Robert E. Benton, Superintendent Crater Lake National Park." - T.p.; Includes bibliographical references; Issues lack volume numbering

77. [Image] Narrative history report of the Klamath Project land opening under Public Notice No. 47, 1948


	Public Notice No. 47 of August 27, 1948, was prepared in conformity with recommendations for a standardized procedure made at the Salt Lake conference in March 1948; it opened to public entry 86 farm units ...
	Citation Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Narrative history report of the Klamath Project land opening under Public Notice No. 47, 1948 Author: United State. Bureau of Reclamation Year: 1948, 2004 Public Notice No. 47 of August 27, 1948, was prepared in conformity with recommendations for a standardized procedure made at the Salt Lake conference in March 1948; it opened to public entry 86 farm units embracing 8,283 acres of irrigable land. Of nearly 24,000 application blanks sent out, 5,072 were returned during the simultaneous filing period. A five-man examining board placed 4,911 in the first priority group, 69 in the second priority group and rejected 91. The Regional Director reversed the action of the examining board in two instances making a total of 4,913 participating in the drawing. Applications were received from 39 states, the District of Columbia and the Territory of Alaska. California supplied 50% of all applications considered in the first priority group; Oregon supplied 27%; Utah supplied 6%; and the rest of the states supplied the remaining 17% The examining board interviewed 94 persons of 104 who were notified to appear for personal interviews after the drawing. Of those appearing for interviews, five refused to accept units in area "A" and three were rejectees whose appeals were later denied by the Regional Director. Of the ten who failed to appear for interview, five relinquished their award in writing; four were relegated to the end of their priority list, and one was the victim of an airplane accident. As the result of the drawing and subsequent interviews, 1.4% of the applicants from California 2.5% of the applicants from Oregon and 1.3% of the remaining applicants from other states were awarded farm units. Ten of the 39 states, from which applications were received, were represented in the settlement of the 86 farm units. Of the 23 who selected units in area "A", only two availed themselves of options to lease additional land in the Tulelake sump area* Apparently, because of high rental fees, the majority of the area "A" settlers could not afford to lease lands supplemental to their homestead. Therefore, since the development of area "A" lands will be a costly procedure, it is possible that in the future there may be cases of relin-quishment of units due to the homesteaders' inability to meet expenses. First unit was awarded on March 9, 1949; the last unit was awarded on June 20, 1949. Title: Narrative history report of the Klamath Project land opening under Public Notice No. 47, 1948 Author: United State. Bureau of Reclamation Year: 1948, 2004 Public Notice No. 47 of August 27, 1948, was prepared in conformity with recommendations for a standardized procedure made at the Salt Lake conference in March 1948; it opened to public entry 86 farm units embracing 8,283 acres of irrigable land. Of nearly 24,000 application blanks sent out, 5,072 were returned during the simultaneous filing period. A five-man examining board placed 4,911 in the first priority group, 69 in the second priority group and rejected 91. The Regional Director reversed the action of the examining board in two instances making a total of 4,913 participating in the drawing. Applications were received from 39 states, the District of Columbia and the Territory of Alaska. California supplied 50% of all applications considered in the first priority group; Oregon supplied 27%; Utah supplied 6%; and the rest of the states supplied the remaining 17% The examining board interviewed 94 persons of 104 who were notified to appear for personal interviews after the drawing. Of those appearing for interviews, five refused to accept units in area "A" and three were rejectees whose appeals were later denied by the Regional Director. Of the ten who failed to appear for interview, five relinquished their award in writing; four were relegated to the end of their priority list, and one was the victim of an airplane accident. As the result of the drawing and subsequent interviews, 1.4% of the applicants from California 2.5% of the applicants from Oregon and 1.3% of the remaining applicants from other states were awarded farm units. Ten of the 39 states, from which applications were received, were represented in the settlement of the 86 farm units. Of the 23 who selected units in area "A", only two availed themselves of options to lease additional land in the Tulelake sump area* Apparently, because of high rental fees, the majority of the area "A" settlers could not afford to lease lands supplemental to their homestead. Therefore, since the development of area "A" lands will be a costly procedure, it is possible that in the future there may be cases of relin-quishment of units due to the homesteaders' inability to meet expenses. First unit was awarded on March 9, 1949; the last unit was awarded on June 20, 1949.

78. [Image] Klamath County, Oregon: its resources and advantages, its present and its future; a land of great pines, hardy cattle, wonderful lakes and temperate climate; its productive land needs thousands of people for its proper development


	24 p.; ill.; Title from cover
	Citation Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Klamath County, Oregon: its resources and advantages, its present and its future; a land of great pines, hardy cattle, wonderful lakes and temperate climate; its productive land needs thousands of people for its proper development Author: Pierce, Joseph G. Year: 1900, 2006, 2005 24 p.; ill.; Title from cover Title: Klamath County, Oregon: its resources and advantages, its present and its future; a land of great pines, hardy cattle, wonderful lakes and temperate climate; its productive land needs thousands of people for its proper development Author: Pierce, Joseph G. Year: 1900, 2006, 2005 24 p.; ill.; Title from cover

79. [Image] Klamath Basin summary of recent federal government activities, March 2003


	The Department of the Interior, Klamath River Basin Work Plans and Reports
	Citation Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Klamath Basin summary of recent federal government activities, March 2003 Author: United States. Dept. of the Interior Year: 2003, 2005 The Department of the Interior, Klamath River Basin Work Plans and Reports Title: Klamath Basin summary of recent federal government activities, March 2003 Author: United States. Dept. of the Interior Year: 2003, 2005 The Department of the Interior, Klamath River Basin Work Plans and Reports

80. [Image] Klamath irrigation project sucker salvage and Langell Valley fish survey report : 1999


	"Annual report" - T.p. verso
	Citation Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Klamath irrigation project sucker salvage and Langell Valley fish survey report : 1999 Author: Peck, Brian J. Year: 2000, 2005 "Annual report" - T.p. verso Title: Klamath irrigation project sucker salvage and Langell Valley fish survey report : 1999 Author: Peck, Brian J. Year: 2000, 2005 "Annual report" - T.p. verso

81. [Image] Nitrogen and phosphorus loading from drained wetlands adjacent to Upper Klamath and Agency Lakes, Oregon


	Two maps digitized separately; Includes bibliographical references (p. 44-49)
	Citation Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Nitrogen and phosphorus loading from drained wetlands adjacent to Upper Klamath and Agency Lakes, Oregon Author: Snyder, Daniel T. Year: 1997, 2005, 2004 Two maps digitized separately; Includes bibliographical references (p. 44-49) Title: Nitrogen and phosphorus loading from drained wetlands adjacent to Upper Klamath and Agency Lakes, Oregon Author: Snyder, Daniel T. Year: 1997, 2005, 2004 Two maps digitized separately; Includes bibliographical references (p. 44-49)

82. [Image] Summary of the analysis of the management situation: Klamath Falls Resource Area resource management plan


	"December 1990"
	Citation Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Summary of the analysis of the management situation: Klamath Falls Resource Area resource management plan Author: United States. Bureau of Land Management. Klamath Falls Resource Area Office. Year: 1990, 2005, 2004 "December 1990" Title: Summary of the analysis of the management situation: Klamath Falls Resource Area resource management plan Author: United States. Bureau of Land Management. Klamath Falls Resource Area Office. Year: 1990, 2005, 2004 "December 1990"

83. [Image] Irrigation in Klamath County : cooperative irrigation investigation with the Office of Experiment Stations, United States Department of Agriculture


	CONTENTS. Page Introduction 2620 5 Climatic conditions 2620 6 Units of measurement 2620 7 Losses by seepage and evaporation 2620 7 Duty of water 26208-10 Evaporation 2620 12 Soil and water analyses ...
	Citation Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Irrigation in Klamath County : cooperative irrigation investigation with the Office of Experiment Stations, United States Department of Agriculture Author: Kent, F.L. (Fred LeRoy) Year: 1905, 2005 CONTENTS. Page Introduction 2620 5 Climatic conditions 2620 6 Units of measurement 2620 7 Losses by seepage and evaporation 2620 7 Duty of water 26208-10 Evaporation 2620 12 Soil and water analyses 262014-15 Data relative to alfalfa growing 2620 15 Summary 2620 16 ILLUSTRATIONS. I. Wing dam at intake of Ankeny canal 269 4 II. Checked field of M. E. Robinson 2620 10 III. Headgate, Ankeny canal 2620 11 Title: Irrigation in Klamath County : cooperative irrigation investigation with the Office of Experiment Stations, United States Department of Agriculture Author: Kent, F.L. (Fred LeRoy) Year: 1905, 2005 CONTENTS. Page Introduction 2620 5 Climatic conditions 2620 6 Units of measurement 2620 7 Losses by seepage and evaporation 2620 7 Duty of water 26208-10 Evaporation 2620 12 Soil and water analyses 262014-15 Data relative to alfalfa growing 2620 15 Summary 2620 16 ILLUSTRATIONS. I. Wing dam at intake of Ankeny canal 269 4 II. Checked field of M. E. Robinson 2620 10 III. Headgate, Ankeny canal 2620 11

84. [Image] Forestry program for Oregon


	This document sets forth the Board of Forestry's strategic vision for Oregon's forests for the next eight years
	Citation Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Forestry program for Oregon Author: Oregon State Board of Forestry Year: 2003, 2005 This document sets forth the Board of Forestry's strategic vision for Oregon's forests for the next eight years Title: Forestry program for Oregon Author: Oregon State Board of Forestry Year: 2003, 2005 This document sets forth the Board of Forestry's strategic vision for Oregon's forests for the next eight years

85. [Image] Soils of the Klamath Indian Reservation; interim report, June 11, 1958


	TABLE OF CONTENTS PART I INTRODUCTION 18 - 11 History and ethnology 18 Irrigated area table 19 Cultural geography 19 General physiographic features 262e . .3 Physiographic areas and farming 1d CLIMATE ...
	Citation Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Soils of the Klamath Indian Reservation; interim report, June 11, 1958 Author: United States. Bureau of Indian Affairs Year: 1958, 2005, 2004 TABLE OF CONTENTS PART I INTRODUCTION 18 - 11 History and ethnology 18 Irrigated area table 19 Cultural geography 19 General physiographic features 262e . .3 Physiographic areas and farming 1d CLIMATE 182 - 18 Climatic table, Sprague River, Oregon 185 Precipitation table , Chiloquin, Oregon 186 Temperature table, Chiloquin, Oregon 187 Climatic table, Fort Klamath, Oregon 188 VEGETATION 189 - 25 GEOLOGY 196 - 51 Hydrography: rivers, lakes, marshes, ground water 196 Relief and geological formations. 262e .32 Diatomite - tuff formation 262e . 1c4 Pliocene sediments of the Modoc Point area 262e.. 37 Faulted tuff formation 1c9 Pumice tuff formation.. 1d0 Pumice mantle and pumice flows ........ 262e.... .........40 Table of chemical analyses of pumice and scoria 1d5 Geology Map 262e . 262e 221 BIBLIOGRAPHY 262e 262e...52 PART II DESCRIPTIONS OF SOILS 223 - 60 Classification and survey 262e 262e.. 262e... 53 Soil profile and nomenclature. .... 262e...53 Chestnut Soils 262e 224 "Western" Brown Forest Soils 225 Regosol Soils . . 262e. 262e......56 Solonetz Soils 262e.....57 Halomorphic Soils 262e 228 Hydromorphic Soils 262e... 229 Soil Association Map 262e 229 KEY TO SOIL SERIES 262e61 - 63 SOIL SERIES AND MAPPING UNIT DESCRIPTIONS 134 ~ 254 APPENDIX 1955 - 297 Soil Series and mapping unit index. 2620. . . . 255 Glossary of terms 263f 262e. . . . 272 Table of soil analyses (Oregon State College)... 1989 Table of irrigation water quality (Oregon State College) 1990 Table of conductivity and reaction. . . . 1991 Table of resistance of saturated paste 262e296 Title: Soils of the Klamath Indian Reservation; interim report, June 11, 1958 Author: United States. Bureau of Indian Affairs Year: 1958, 2005, 2004 TABLE OF CONTENTS PART I INTRODUCTION 18 - 11 History and ethnology 18 Irrigated area table 19 Cultural geography 19 General physiographic features 262e . .3 Physiographic areas and farming 1d CLIMATE 182 - 18 Climatic table, Sprague River, Oregon 185 Precipitation table , Chiloquin, Oregon 186 Temperature table, Chiloquin, Oregon 187 Climatic table, Fort Klamath, Oregon 188 VEGETATION 189 - 25 GEOLOGY 196 - 51 Hydrography: rivers, lakes, marshes, ground water 196 Relief and geological formations. 262e .32 Diatomite - tuff formation 262e . 1c4 Pliocene sediments of the Modoc Point area 262e.. 37 Faulted tuff formation 1c9 Pumice tuff formation.. 1d0 Pumice mantle and pumice flows ........ 262e.... .........40 Table of chemical analyses of pumice and scoria 1d5 Geology Map 262e . 262e 221 BIBLIOGRAPHY 262e 262e...52 PART II DESCRIPTIONS OF SOILS 223 - 60 Classification and survey 262e 262e.. 262e... 53 Soil profile and nomenclature. .... 262e...53 Chestnut Soils 262e 224 "Western" Brown Forest Soils 225 Regosol Soils . . 262e. 262e......56 Solonetz Soils 262e.....57 Halomorphic Soils 262e 228 Hydromorphic Soils 262e... 229 Soil Association Map 262e 229 KEY TO SOIL SERIES 262e61 - 63 SOIL SERIES AND MAPPING UNIT DESCRIPTIONS 134 ~ 254 APPENDIX 1955 - 297 Soil Series and mapping unit index. 2620. . . . 255 Glossary of terms 263f 262e. . . . 272 Table of soil analyses (Oregon State College)... 1989 Table of irrigation water quality (Oregon State College) 1990 Table of conductivity and reaction. . . . 1991 Table of resistance of saturated paste 262e296

86. [Image] Empire building


	Article on the history and future of the agricultural settlement of the desert regions of the western United States. Includes a black and white photograph of Thousand Springs, Idaho.
	Citation Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Empire building Author: Blanchard, C.J. Year: 1906, 2004 Article on the history and future of the agricultural settlement of the desert regions of the western United States. Includes a black and white photograph of Thousand Springs, Idaho. Title: Empire building Author: Blanchard, C.J. Year: 1906, 2004 Article on the history and future of the agricultural settlement of the desert regions of the western United States. Includes a black and white photograph of Thousand Springs, Idaho.

87. [Image] Three great factors in Oregon's development


	An article on the agricultural, industrial and economic development of the state of Oregon in the early 20th century
	Citation Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Three great factors in Oregon's development Author: Moon, A.W. Year: 1906, 2004 An article on the agricultural, industrial and economic development of the state of Oregon in the early 20th century Title: Three great factors in Oregon's development Author: Moon, A.W. Year: 1906, 2004 An article on the agricultural, industrial and economic development of the state of Oregon in the early 20th century

88. [Image] Middle Klamath River sub-basin planning : final report


	ABSTRACT Phase VI of the School-Based Klamath Restoration Project (319h) is a collaborative effort between seven Siskiyou County schools, the Siskiyou County Office of Education (SCOE), and the United ...
	Citation Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Middle Klamath River sub-basin planning : final report Author: Karuk Tribe of California, Dept. of Natural Resources Year: 2001, 2005 ABSTRACT Phase VI of the School-Based Klamath Restoration Project (319h) is a collaborative effort between seven Siskiyou County schools, the Siskiyou County Office of Education (SCOE), and the United States Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS). The objectives of the project include: ? Expanding hands-on field science watershed education. ? Encouraging a sense of resource stewardship among students at all grade levels. ? Collecting quality data for inclusion in the 319h data base. ? Teaching applications of the scientific method. ? Providing on-going inservice training for teachers to increase the effectiveness of the project. Project tasks that were completed include acquisition and analysis of Klamath River Watershed Data, including river water temperatures, river cross sectional profiles and spawning ground surveys. Descriptions of methodology are included in the report. Many other watershed-related projects were undertaken by schools. In some cases the field data was collected and compiled by agency personnel. The spawning ground survey data collected by student volunteers was part of a project conducted by the California Department of Fish and Game and the U.S. Forest Service. Although a substantial amount of excellent work has been accomplished by the schools, the opportunity exists to improve the program at all levels. Increased field and technical support is needed to successfully integrate the goals of the project. Computer training for teachers and students is an essential component of the project, which would allow analysis of data and creation of web sites within classrooms. Data analysis and reporting is the critical component of the project that would provide students with a complete understanding of scientific research methodology. Providing a forum for communication between the 319h participants is another important area of the project that needs to be expanded. Travel time, mountainous topography, and intense winter storms can be barriers to travel in Siskiyou County. Communication helps to increase the level of standardization of data collection and transfer and gives teachers a chance to share successful ideas. Communication also sustains the positive momentum of the project, reinforcing the idea of working as a team towards establishing common goals for watershed education. Title: Middle Klamath River sub-basin planning : final report Author: Karuk Tribe of California, Dept. of Natural Resources Year: 2001, 2005 ABSTRACT Phase VI of the School-Based Klamath Restoration Project (319h) is a collaborative effort between seven Siskiyou County schools, the Siskiyou County Office of Education (SCOE), and the United States Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS). The objectives of the project include: ? Expanding hands-on field science watershed education. ? Encouraging a sense of resource stewardship among students at all grade levels. ? Collecting quality data for inclusion in the 319h data base. ? Teaching applications of the scientific method. ? Providing on-going inservice training for teachers to increase the effectiveness of the project. Project tasks that were completed include acquisition and analysis of Klamath River Watershed Data, including river water temperatures, river cross sectional profiles and spawning ground surveys. Descriptions of methodology are included in the report. Many other watershed-related projects were undertaken by schools. In some cases the field data was collected and compiled by agency personnel. The spawning ground survey data collected by student volunteers was part of a project conducted by the California Department of Fish and Game and the U.S. Forest Service. Although a substantial amount of excellent work has been accomplished by the schools, the opportunity exists to improve the program at all levels. Increased field and technical support is needed to successfully integrate the goals of the project. Computer training for teachers and students is an essential component of the project, which would allow analysis of data and creation of web sites within classrooms. Data analysis and reporting is the critical component of the project that would provide students with a complete understanding of scientific research methodology. Providing a forum for communication between the 319h participants is another important area of the project that needs to be expanded. Travel time, mountainous topography, and intense winter storms can be barriers to travel in Siskiyou County. Communication helps to increase the level of standardization of data collection and transfer and gives teachers a chance to share successful ideas. Communication also sustains the positive momentum of the project, reinforcing the idea of working as a team towards establishing common goals for watershed education.

89. [Image] Guidance for evaluating and recommending temperature regimes to protect fish


	Abstract. Procedures are presented for evaluating temperature regimes for fish. Although examples pertain to spring chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha), the principles apply to other species. Basic ...
	Citation Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Guidance for evaluating and recommending temperature regimes to protect fish Author: Armour, Carl L. Year: 1991, 2005 Abstract. Procedures are presented for evaluating temperature regimes for fish. Although examples pertain to spring chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha), the principles apply to other species. Basic temperature tolerance relationships for fish are explained and three options are described for comparing alternative temperature regimes. The options are to base comparisons on experimental temperature tolerance results, suitability of a simulated temperature regime for key life stages, or population statistics and predicted responses to simulated temperatures. Key words: Chinook salmon, water temperature, alternative temperature regimes. Title: Guidance for evaluating and recommending temperature regimes to protect fish Author: Armour, Carl L. Year: 1991, 2005 Abstract. Procedures are presented for evaluating temperature regimes for fish. Although examples pertain to spring chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha), the principles apply to other species. Basic temperature tolerance relationships for fish are explained and three options are described for comparing alternative temperature regimes. The options are to base comparisons on experimental temperature tolerance results, suitability of a simulated temperature regime for key life stages, or population statistics and predicted responses to simulated temperatures. Key words: Chinook salmon, water temperature, alternative temperature regimes.

90. [Image] Forest conditions in the Cascade Range Forest Reserve, Oregon


	Subject series H. Forestry 6
	Citation Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Forest conditions in the Cascade Range Forest Reserve, Oregon Author: Geological Survey (U.S.) Year: 1903, 2007 Subject series H. Forestry 6 Title: Forest conditions in the Cascade Range Forest Reserve, Oregon Author: Geological Survey (U.S.) Year: 1903, 2007 Subject series H. Forestry 6

91. [Image] Nutrients in the nation's waters : too much of a good thing?


	Includes bibliographical references (p. 22)
	Citation Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Nutrients in the nation's waters : too much of a good thing? Author: Mueller, David K. Year: 1996, 2004 Includes bibliographical references (p. 22) Title: Nutrients in the nation's waters : too much of a good thing? Author: Mueller, David K. Year: 1996, 2004 Includes bibliographical references (p. 22)

92. [Image] Klamath Federal Reclamation Project : Oregon-California


	- 7' -, > \ UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR B U R E A U O F R E C L A M A T I O N U N I T E D S T A T E S G O V E R N M E N T P R I N T I N G O F F I C E W A S H I N G T O N : 1936 FEDERAL RECLAMATION ...
	Citation Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Klamath Federal Reclamation Project : Oregon-California Author: United States. Bureau of Reclamation Year: 1936, 2005 - 7' -, > \ UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR B U R E A U O F R E C L A M A T I O N U N I T E D S T A T E S G O V E R N M E N T P R I N T I N G O F F I C E W A S H I N G T O N : 1936 FEDERAL RECLAMATION PROJECT OREGON - CALIFORNIA n )> >> GENERAL STATEMENT THEKla m- ath reclamation project comprises practically all of the agricultural land in the Klamath Basin, except a small area adjacent to Upper Klamath Lake, and is situated in southern Oregon and northern California. The extent of the area irrigated, or that may be irrigated by reason of Bureau of Reclamation activities, is approxi-mately 140,000 acres. This includes about 20,000 acres suitable only for pasture and approximately 12,000 acres of good land in the Tule Lake division not yet opened for settlement. Within the older developed sections of the project the soil is mostly of a sandy loam . type that is particularly suitable for growing potatoes and summer vegetables as well as all of the ordinary crops that thrive in a cool, tem-perate climate. The price of this type of land ranges from $ 100 to $ 200 per acre. The water- right cost, which origi- Klamath Falls, Oregon, the prolect office headquarters nally was about $ 55 per acre, is approximately half paid up. The balance has an average of about 25 years to run without interest. Operation and maintenance costs usually run about $ 1.25 an acre per annum. I R R I G A B L E L A N D S The Tule Lake division of the project, which will eventually comprise about 32,000 acres of agricultural land and about 5,000 acres of thin soil land good only for pasture, carries a construction charge of $ 88.35, with 40 years in A! Klamath : desert. Looking~ southwest up Lan Valley from a point 4 miles west of Lorella, Ore which to pay without interest. No payments have been required to date, but the Secretary of the Interior will soon issue public notice announcing the commencement of pay-ments, which will be approximately $ 2.20 per acre each year. In addition to the construction charge, there is an operation and maintenance charge which will probably run between $ 1.50 and $ 2 un acre a year. These lands are of lacustrian origin and are very fertile. They are particularly adapted to the growth of small grains, alfalfa, and pasture grasses. Patented land in this division sells for $ 50 to $ 100 per acre. Patented lands in private ownership, where of goc; d quality, well improved and conveniently situated, can be purchased for from $ 150 to $ 200 per acre. Good lands not so well improved nor so desirably located sell at around $ 100 per acre. There is very little undeveloped, privately owned good land on the project. Small tracts of 5, 10, or 20 acres, located along paved highways and within 6 to 8 miles of Klamath Falls, are obtainable at from $ 200 to $ 400 per acre. W A T E R S U P P L Y The Klamath project is ! ortunate in having an abundant water supply for all lands susceptible of irrigation. The map on the inside of the back cover page shows the location of the three reservoirs and their immediate proximity to the lands they serve. The irrigable project lands lie between elevations of 4,035 and 4,070 feet above sea level and occupy the Klamath Basin and the Valley of Lost River, situated in south central Oregon and north central California, about 150 miles east of the Pacific coast. The average annual pre-cipitation is 12.51 inches. SCHOOLS Klamath County schools are run on the county unit basis Public School in Klamath Falls and are fully up to standard. Busses run at county expense transport rural children to and from school, and there is no lost time on account of bad weather. Within the county there are 9,242 children of school age, 4,107 of these within the city of Klamath Falls. The high school enrollment for Klamath Falls is 1,156, and for the remainder of the county is 459. There are 9 high schools in the county that employ 62 teachers. The grade schools employ 185 teachers, of whom' 76 are in the city of Klamath Falls. : let of concrete flume, Canal C, of the main project structures R E C R E A T I O N No part of the United States affords more interesting and attractive recreational areas than are found near at hand and in all directions from the Klamath project. From 1 to 2 hours in any kind of an automobile is sufficient to land one on the banks of a cold mountain stream inhabited by many wary trout or alongside the shores of any one of a half dozen crystal lakes, where boating and bathing may be enjoyed to the full. Some of the lakes that are conven-iently located with reference to the project, and where many summer camps as well as extensive hotel and camp accommodations already exist, are Upper Klamath Lake, Lake of the Woods, Crater Lake, Diamond Lake, Crescent I., ake, Ode11 Lake, and Paulina Lake. The most distant of the lot, Paulina Lake, can be reached in 3 hours' driving from Klamath Falls. Some of the important recreational areas lying in convenient distances from the project are shown in the ilh~ strationsa ccompanying this chapter. The principal water supply is in Upper Klamath Lake, where regulation provides a possible storage of about 524,800 acre- feet, and this with the natural inflow insures the lands served from this source an adequate water supply at all times. Under the terms of the contract dated February 24, 1917, between the United States and the California- Oregon Power Co., the power company was given the right to regulate the outflow of Upper Klamath Lake, subject to existing rights and the prior rights of the Klamath project for water for irrigation. To regulate the outflow, the company, in 1921, constructed the Link River Dam at a cost of about $ 310,000. Storage for the lands on the west side of Langell Valley and a portion of the lands in the Horsefly irrigation district is provided by Clear Lake Reservoir. This reservoir, lying just across the line in California, is the source of Lost River and has a total capacity of 454,000 acre- feet, most of which was made available during 1931 by the construction of a channel from the outlet works to the deeper portion of the reservoir, a distance of about 6 miles. The reservoir is also used for flood storage for the protection of lands in the Tule Lake division. Gerber Reservoir, on Miller Creek, a tributary of Lost River, has a storage capacity of 94,000 acre- feet and fur-nishes a water supply for the lands on the east side of Lost River in the Langell Valley division. This reservoir also provides for the storage of flood water for the protection of lands in the Tule Lake division. Water from Upper Klamath Lake is diverted to the main or " A" canal from the east side of Link River, the outlet of the lake, several hundred feet below the lake and a few I I / Klamath River near Klamath Falls k River diversion dam Alfalfa field near Malin, Oreg. Two cuttings are grown, which yield 2- 4 tons per acre on the older project lands, and 3- 6 in Tule Lake section hundred feet above Link River Dam. Water for all lands in the main and pumping divisions and for a portion of the lands in the Tule Lake division are diverted through the " A" canal. Additional water for the lands in the Tule Lake division is diverted from the Klamath River, through the Lost River diversion channel ( reversing the direction of flow), and spilled into Lost River, frcm which it is diverted to the " J" canal at a point about 3 miles southeasterly from Merrill, Oreg. At this point the river level is raised about 12 feet by means of the lower Lost River diversion dam, a concrete structure of the Ambursen type, with a crest length of 204 feet. The Lost River diversion channel leads off from Lost River at a point about 10 miles southeast of Klamath Falls, Oreg., immediately above a hollow U- shaped concrete dam which raises the river level about 23 feet. Prior to the Irrigating a 65- acre field of potatoes; showing application of m irrigation season the flow of Lost River is diverted to the Klamath River and wasted; however, after the spring flood flow of Lost River has passed and water for irrigation in the Tule Lake division is required, the flow of Lost River is ~ assed through the dam and down to the " J" canal. This flow is augmented, when demand is heavy, from Klamath River as indicated ahve. Lands on the east side of Langell Valley division are served by the north canal, which diverts water from Miller Creek at the Miller Creek Dam, located about 6 miles below Gerber Dam. At this point the water surface in Miller Creek is raised by placing flashboards against wooden trestles, the grade of the canal and that of the stream being substan-tially the same elevation. The lands on the west side of Lost River in the Langell Valley division are served by the West Canal, which diverts water from Lost River at the Malone Dam, located about 42 miles southeasterly from Klamath Falls, Oreg. At this point the level of Lost River is raised about 18 feet by means of an earth diversion dam. Clear Lake Reservoir provides storage for the West Canal. TOWNS Klamath Falls, Merrill, Malin, and Bonanza are project towns, the first named being the principal city in southern, Oregon east of the Cascades. It has a population of approximately 16,000 and is the distributing center for a large territory. Klamath County has a population of 32,400, one- half residing in the city of Klamath Falls and perhaps 4,000 more in suburban districts only a few miles away. Merrill and Malin are small towns within the irrigated area with populations of six or seven hundred each. In Klamath Basin are some 1,800 farms and approximately as many farm families. LUMBERING Approximately 30 mills and box factories are in operation, this district being the largest manufacturing center of box shook in the United States. The Klamath district contains the heaviest stand of yellow pine left in the United States. Throughout the spring, summer, and fall all lumber com-panies maintain large pay rolls both in the plants and in the lumber camps. Lumber contributes greatly to the heavy traffic originating at K! amath Falls, making this city the second largest shipping point in Oregon. The majority of the mills and box factories are located in or near Klamath Falls. T R A N S P O R T A T I O N Two main- line railways, the Southern Pacific and Great Northern, enter Klamath Falls and traverse the project throughout its longest dimension. Hard- surfaced highways radiate from Klamath Falls in all directions, connecting with Portland, Sun Francisco, and Salt Lake. These high-ways supplemented by county market roads penetrate all sections of the project, with the result that few farms are more than a mile from a hard- surfaced outlet. CLIMATE The Klamath Basin has a remarkably pleasant and healthful climate. Winters are not cold, and summers are not hot. Precipitation, which amounts to about 12): inches a year on the average, falls mainly from November to April. Late and early frosts are to be expected, and occasionally light frosts occur even in the summer months. me on the Main division of the project A G R I C U L T U R E The principal crops grown are potatoes, alfalfa, small grains, and vegetables. The yield of small grains in the Tule Lake area is unusually high. Oats frequently make 100 bushels per acre; barley runs from 60 to 80; and any good wheat field will thresh out more than 40 bushels per acre. Potatoes, when conditions are right, are par excelience the big money crop. A good yield of tubers is considered to be around 150 sacks of U. S. No. 1' s per acre, and every year a few fields are reported with yields of double that amount. The price for potatoes is unstable, depending on the market demand, and ranges from about 50 cents to $ 1.50 a sack. The quality of Klamath potatoes on the Sun Francisco market is recognized as the best, and the price usually ranges from 10 to 20 cents a sack higher than is paid for Washington and Idaho production. Flock of 6,000 turkeys being fattened for market L I V E S T O C K Cattle. On account of its geographical location, sur-rounded as it is with immense areas of sagebrush plateaus and forest ranges, the Klamath project is, and probably always will be, essentially a stock country. Its cheap forage, abundant water and mild winters offer ideal con-ditions for the wintering of range stock and the fattening of mature animals for market. Favorable feeding- in- transit rates for both grass and feed lot cattle have resulted in the fattening, locally, of thousands of range and outside cattle. The beef industry alone returns approximately $ 900,000 annually. There are several killing and manu-facturing plants located in Klamath Falls. Sheep. Approxinately 150,000 ewes are maintained in the Klamafh Basin with an average annual output of about three- quarters of a million dollars. From 75,000 to 100,000~ lambs~ afraet tened for market each year on the project. Sun Francisco js the principal market. licken ranch. The production of eggs chickens is an important industry A project Holstein dairy her Dairying. The dairying industry is increasing steadily on the project. There are now about 8,000 milk cows in the district. Klamath Falls, with its large industrial popu-lation, furnishes a good market for milk, butter, and cheese. Two local cooperative cheese manufacturing plants and four privately owned creameries operate in the district. The value of the dairy industry is approximately $ 600,000 annually. Local dairy prices for butterfat are maintained at l> e to 2 cents above the State average cwing to the favored position of the project-- half- way between Portland and Sun Francisco. This district offers many opportunities for increased dairying production, as costs are compara-tively low and climatic conditions are favorable. Ewes and lambs on Tule Lake leased lands OREGON - CALIFORNIA MAP NO. 27606 Scale of Miles 1 -- 0 1 2- 3 4 6 1 Title: Klamath Federal Reclamation Project : Oregon-California Author: United States. Bureau of Reclamation Year: 1936, 2005 - 7' -, > \ UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR B U R E A U O F R E C L A M A T I O N U N I T E D S T A T E S G O V E R N M E N T P R I N T I N G O F F I C E W A S H I N G T O N : 1936 FEDERAL RECLAMATION PROJECT OREGON - CALIFORNIA n )> >> GENERAL STATEMENT THEKla m- ath reclamation project comprises practically all of the agricultural land in the Klamath Basin, except a small area adjacent to Upper Klamath Lake, and is situated in southern Oregon and northern California. The extent of the area irrigated, or that may be irrigated by reason of Bureau of Reclamation activities, is approxi-mately 140,000 acres. This includes about 20,000 acres suitable only for pasture and approximately 12,000 acres of good land in the Tule Lake division not yet opened for settlement. Within the older developed sections of the project the soil is mostly of a sandy loam . type that is particularly suitable for growing potatoes and summer vegetables as well as all of the ordinary crops that thrive in a cool, tem-perate climate. The price of this type of land ranges from $ 100 to $ 200 per acre. The water- right cost, which origi- Klamath Falls, Oregon, the prolect office headquarters nally was about $ 55 per acre, is approximately half paid up. The balance has an average of about 25 years to run without interest. Operation and maintenance costs usually run about $ 1.25 an acre per annum. I R R I G A B L E L A N D S The Tule Lake division of the project, which will eventually comprise about 32,000 acres of agricultural land and about 5,000 acres of thin soil land good only for pasture, carries a construction charge of $ 88.35, with 40 years in A! Klamath : desert. Looking~ southwest up Lan Valley from a point 4 miles west of Lorella, Ore which to pay without interest. No payments have been required to date, but the Secretary of the Interior will soon issue public notice announcing the commencement of pay-ments, which will be approximately $ 2.20 per acre each year. In addition to the construction charge, there is an operation and maintenance charge which will probably run between $ 1.50 and $ 2 un acre a year. These lands are of lacustrian origin and are very fertile. They are particularly adapted to the growth of small grains, alfalfa, and pasture grasses. Patented land in this division sells for $ 50 to $ 100 per acre. Patented lands in private ownership, where of goc; d quality, well improved and conveniently situated, can be purchased for from $ 150 to $ 200 per acre. Good lands not so well improved nor so desirably located sell at around $ 100 per acre. There is very little undeveloped, privately owned good land on the project. Small tracts of 5, 10, or 20 acres, located along paved highways and within 6 to 8 miles of Klamath Falls, are obtainable at from $ 200 to $ 400 per acre. W A T E R S U P P L Y The Klamath project is ! ortunate in having an abundant water supply for all lands susceptible of irrigation. The map on the inside of the back cover page shows the location of the three reservoirs and their immediate proximity to the lands they serve. The irrigable project lands lie between elevations of 4,035 and 4,070 feet above sea level and occupy the Klamath Basin and the Valley of Lost River, situated in south central Oregon and north central California, about 150 miles east of the Pacific coast. The average annual pre-cipitation is 12.51 inches. SCHOOLS Klamath County schools are run on the county unit basis Public School in Klamath Falls and are fully up to standard. Busses run at county expense transport rural children to and from school, and there is no lost time on account of bad weather. Within the county there are 9,242 children of school age, 4,107 of these within the city of Klamath Falls. The high school enrollment for Klamath Falls is 1,156, and for the remainder of the county is 459. There are 9 high schools in the county that employ 62 teachers. The grade schools employ 185 teachers, of whom' 76 are in the city of Klamath Falls. : let of concrete flume, Canal C, of the main project structures R E C R E A T I O N No part of the United States affords more interesting and attractive recreational areas than are found near at hand and in all directions from the Klamath project. From 1 to 2 hours in any kind of an automobile is sufficient to land one on the banks of a cold mountain stream inhabited by many wary trout or alongside the shores of any one of a half dozen crystal lakes, where boating and bathing may be enjoyed to the full. Some of the lakes that are conven-iently located with reference to the project, and where many summer camps as well as extensive hotel and camp accommodations already exist, are Upper Klamath Lake, Lake of the Woods, Crater Lake, Diamond Lake, Crescent I., ake, Ode11 Lake, and Paulina Lake. The most distant of the lot, Paulina Lake, can be reached in 3 hours' driving from Klamath Falls. Some of the important recreational areas lying in convenient distances from the project are shown in the ilh~ strationsa ccompanying this chapter. The principal water supply is in Upper Klamath Lake, where regulation provides a possible storage of about 524,800 acre- feet, and this with the natural inflow insures the lands served from this source an adequate water supply at all times. Under the terms of the contract dated February 24, 1917, between the United States and the California- Oregon Power Co., the power company was given the right to regulate the outflow of Upper Klamath Lake, subject to existing rights and the prior rights of the Klamath project for water for irrigation. To regulate the outflow, the company, in 1921, constructed the Link River Dam at a cost of about $ 310,000. Storage for the lands on the west side of Langell Valley and a portion of the lands in the Horsefly irrigation district is provided by Clear Lake Reservoir. This reservoir, lying just across the line in California, is the source of Lost River and has a total capacity of 454,000 acre- feet, most of which was made available during 1931 by the construction of a channel from the outlet works to the deeper portion of the reservoir, a distance of about 6 miles. The reservoir is also used for flood storage for the protection of lands in the Tule Lake division. Gerber Reservoir, on Miller Creek, a tributary of Lost River, has a storage capacity of 94,000 acre- feet and fur-nishes a water supply for the lands on the east side of Lost River in the Langell Valley division. This reservoir also provides for the storage of flood water for the protection of lands in the Tule Lake division. Water from Upper Klamath Lake is diverted to the main or " A" canal from the east side of Link River, the outlet of the lake, several hundred feet below the lake and a few I I / Klamath River near Klamath Falls k River diversion dam Alfalfa field near Malin, Oreg. Two cuttings are grown, which yield 2- 4 tons per acre on the older project lands, and 3- 6 in Tule Lake section hundred feet above Link River Dam. Water for all lands in the main and pumping divisions and for a portion of the lands in the Tule Lake division are diverted through the " A" canal. Additional water for the lands in the Tule Lake division is diverted from the Klamath River, through the Lost River diversion channel ( reversing the direction of flow), and spilled into Lost River, frcm which it is diverted to the " J" canal at a point about 3 miles southeasterly from Merrill, Oreg. At this point the river level is raised about 12 feet by means of the lower Lost River diversion dam, a concrete structure of the Ambursen type, with a crest length of 204 feet. The Lost River diversion channel leads off from Lost River at a point about 10 miles southeast of Klamath Falls, Oreg., immediately above a hollow U- shaped concrete dam which raises the river level about 23 feet. Prior to the Irrigating a 65- acre field of potatoes; showing application of m irrigation season the flow of Lost River is diverted to the Klamath River and wasted; however, after the spring flood flow of Lost River has passed and water for irrigation in the Tule Lake division is required, the flow of Lost River is ~ assed through the dam and down to the " J" canal. This flow is augmented, when demand is heavy, from Klamath River as indicated ahve. Lands on the east side of Langell Valley division are served by the north canal, which diverts water from Miller Creek at the Miller Creek Dam, located about 6 miles below Gerber Dam. At this point the water surface in Miller Creek is raised by placing flashboards against wooden trestles, the grade of the canal and that of the stream being substan-tially the same elevation. The lands on the west side of Lost River in the Langell Valley division are served by the West Canal, which diverts water from Lost River at the Malone Dam, located about 42 miles southeasterly from Klamath Falls, Oreg. At this point the level of Lost River is raised about 18 feet by means of an earth diversion dam. Clear Lake Reservoir provides storage for the West Canal. TOWNS Klamath Falls, Merrill, Malin, and Bonanza are project towns, the first named being the principal city in southern, Oregon east of the Cascades. It has a population of approximately 16,000 and is the distributing center for a large territory. Klamath County has a population of 32,400, one- half residing in the city of Klamath Falls and perhaps 4,000 more in suburban districts only a few miles away. Merrill and Malin are small towns within the irrigated area with populations of six or seven hundred each. In Klamath Basin are some 1,800 farms and approximately as many farm families. LUMBERING Approximately 30 mills and box factories are in operation, this district being the largest manufacturing center of box shook in the United States. The Klamath district contains the heaviest stand of yellow pine left in the United States. Throughout the spring, summer, and fall all lumber com-panies maintain large pay rolls both in the plants and in the lumber camps. Lumber contributes greatly to the heavy traffic originating at K! amath Falls, making this city the second largest shipping point in Oregon. The majority of the mills and box factories are located in or near Klamath Falls. T R A N S P O R T A T I O N Two main- line railways, the Southern Pacific and Great Northern, enter Klamath Falls and traverse the project throughout its longest dimension. Hard- surfaced highways radiate from Klamath Falls in all directions, connecting with Portland, Sun Francisco, and Salt Lake. These high-ways supplemented by county market roads penetrate all sections of the project, with the result that few farms are more than a mile from a hard- surfaced outlet. CLIMATE The Klamath Basin has a remarkably pleasant and healthful climate. Winters are not cold, and summers are not hot. Precipitation, which amounts to about 12): inches a year on the average, falls mainly from November to April. Late and early frosts are to be expected, and occasionally light frosts occur even in the summer months. me on the Main division of the project A G R I C U L T U R E The principal crops grown are potatoes, alfalfa, small grains, and vegetables. The yield of small grains in the Tule Lake area is unusually high. Oats frequently make 100 bushels per acre; barley runs from 60 to 80; and any good wheat field will thresh out more than 40 bushels per acre. Potatoes, when conditions are right, are par excelience the big money crop. A good yield of tubers is considered to be around 150 sacks of U. S. No. 1' s per acre, and every year a few fields are reported with yields of double that amount. The price for potatoes is unstable, depending on the market demand, and ranges from about 50 cents to $ 1.50 a sack. The quality of Klamath potatoes on the Sun Francisco market is recognized as the best, and the price usually ranges from 10 to 20 cents a sack higher than is paid for Washington and Idaho production. Flock of 6,000 turkeys being fattened for market L I V E S T O C K Cattle. On account of its geographical location, sur-rounded as it is with immense areas of sagebrush plateaus and forest ranges, the Klamath project is, and probably always will be, essentially a stock country. Its cheap forage, abundant water and mild winters offer ideal con-ditions for the wintering of range stock and the fattening of mature animals for market. Favorable feeding- in- transit rates for both grass and feed lot cattle have resulted in the fattening, locally, of thousands of range and outside cattle. The beef industry alone returns approximately $ 900,000 annually. There are several killing and manu-facturing plants located in Klamath Falls. Sheep. Approxinately 150,000 ewes are maintained in the Klamafh Basin with an average annual output of about three- quarters of a million dollars. From 75,000 to 100,000~ lambs~ afraet tened for market each year on the project. Sun Francisco js the principal market. licken ranch. The production of eggs chickens is an important industry A project Holstein dairy her Dairying. The dairying industry is increasing steadily on the project. There are now about 8,000 milk cows in the district. Klamath Falls, with its large industrial popu-lation, furnishes a good market for milk, butter, and cheese. Two local cooperative cheese manufacturing plants and four privately owned creameries operate in the district. The value of the dairy industry is approximately $ 600,000 annually. Local dairy prices for butterfat are maintained at l> e to 2 cents above the State average cwing to the favored position of the project-- half- way between Portland and Sun Francisco. This district offers many opportunities for increased dairying production, as costs are compara-tively low and climatic conditions are favorable. Ewes and lambs on Tule Lake leased lands OREGON - CALIFORNIA MAP NO. 27606 Scale of Miles 1 -- 0 1 2- 3 4 6 1

93. [Image] Bull Trout, Salvelinus Confluentus... Draft Recovery Plan, Chapter 1, Introduction...


	EXECUTIVE SUMMARY FOR THE BULL TROUT RECOVERY PLAN Current Species Status The bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus) in the coterminous United States was listed as threatened on November 1, 1999 (64 ...
	Citation Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Bull Trout, Salvelinus Confluentus... Draft Recovery Plan, Chapter 1, Introduction... Author: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Year: 2003, 2008, 2005 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY FOR THE BULL TROUT RECOVERY PLAN Current Species Status The bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus) in the coterminous United States was listed as threatened on November 1, 1999 (64 FR 58910). Earlier rulemakings had listed distinct population segments of bull trout as threatened in the Columbia River, Klamath River, and Jarbidge River basins (63 FR 31647, 63 FR 42757, 64 FR 17110). Bull trout distribution, abundance, and habitat quality have declined rangewide. Several local extirpations have been documented, beginning in the 1950fs. Bull trout continue to occur the Klamath River, Columbia River, Jarbidge River, St. Mary-Belly River, and Coastal-Puget Sound, in the states of Idaho, Montana, Nevada, Oregon, and Washington. Habitat Requirements and Limiting Factors Bull trout have more specific habitat requirements than most other salmonids. Habitat components that influence bull trout distribution and abundance include water temperature, cover, channel form and stability, substrate for spawning and rearing, and migratory corridors. Bull trout are found in colder streams and require colder water than most other salmonids for incubation, juvenile rearing, and spawning. Spawning and rearing areas are often associated with cold-water springs, groundwater infiltration, and/or the coldest streams in a watershed. Throughout their lives, bull trout require complex forms of cover, including large woody debris, undercut banks, boulders, and pools. Alterations in channel form and reductions in channel stability result in habitat degradation and reduced survival of bull trout eggs and juveniles. Channel alterations may reduce the abundance and quality of side channels, stream margins, and pools, which are areas bull trout frequently inhabit. For spawning and early rearing bull trout require loose, clean gravel relatively free of fine sediments. Because bull trout have a relatively long incubation and development period within spawning gravel (greater than 200 days), transport of bedload in unstable channels may kill young bull trout. Bull trout use migratory corridors to move from spawning and rearing habitats to foraging and overwintering habitats and back. Different habitats provide bull trout with diverse resources, and migratory corridors allow local populations to connect, which may increase the potential for gene flow and support or refounding of populations. Declines in bull trout distribution and abundance are the results of combined effects of the following: habitat degradation and fragmentation, the blockage of migratory corridors, poor water quality, angler harvest and poaching, entrainment (process by which aquatic organisms are pulled through a diversion structure or other device) into diversion channels and dams, and introduced iv normative species. Specific land and water management activities that continue to depress bull trout populations and degrade habitat include dams and other diversion structures, forest management practices, livestock grazing, agriculture, road construction and maintenance, mining, and urban and rural development. Some threats to bull trout are the continuing effects of past land management activities. Organization and Development of the Recovery Plan Because bull trout in the coterminous United States are widely distributed within a large area, the recovery plan is organized into multiple chapters. This introductory chapter (Chapter 1) describes our overall recovery strategy for the species, defines recovery, and identifies recovery actions applicable for all listed bull trout in the coterminous United States. Each successive chapter focuses on bull trout in specific geographic areas (recovery units), and describes conditions, defines recovery criteria, and identifies specific recovery actions for the recovery unit. Recovery Objectives The goal of this recovery plan is to describe the actions needed to achieve the recovery of bull trout, that is, to ensure the long-term persistence of self-sustaining, complex interacting groups (or multiple local populations that may have overlapping spawning and rearing areas) of bull trout distributed across the species' native range. Recovery of bull trout will require reducing threats to the long-term persistence of populations, maintaining multiple interconnected populations of bull trout across the diverse habitats of their native range, and preserving the diversity of bull trout life-history strategies (e.g., resident or migratory forms, emigration age, spawning frequency, local habitat adaptations). To recover bull trout, the following four objectives have been identified: ? Maintain current distribution of bull trout within core areas as described in recovery unit chapters and restore distribution where recommended in recovery unit chapters. ? Maintain stable or increasing trend in abundance of bull trout. ? Restore and maintain suitable habitat conditions for all bull trout life history stages and strategies. ? Conserve genetic diversity and provide opportunity for genetic exchange. ? These objectives apply to bull trout in all recovery units. Additional objectives may be necessary to achieve recovery in some recovery units and will be identified in the respective recovery unit chapters. Recovery Criteria Criteria are established to assess whether recovery objectives are being achieved. Criteria specific to each recovery unit are defined in each recovery unit chapter. Individual chapters may contain criteria for assessing the status of bull trout and alleviation of threats that are unique to one or several recovery units. However, every recovery unit chapter will contain criteria that address the following characteristics: ? The distribution of bull trout in identified and potential local populations in all core areas within the recovery unit. ? The estimated abundance of adult bull trout within core areas in the recovery unit, expressed as either a point estimate or a range of individuals. ? The presence of stable or increasing trends for adult bull trout abundance in the recovery unit. ? The restoration of passage at specific barriers identified as inhibiting recovery. We expect recovery of bull trout to be a dynamic process occurring over time. The recovery objectives are based on our current knowledge and may be refined as more information becomes available. Some local populations of bull trout, and possibly core area populations, may be extirpated even though recovery actions are being implemented. If reestablishment of recently extirpated populations is not feasible or practical, recovery criteria for a given recovery unit will be revised on a case-by-case basis. Meeting the four recovery criteria is not intended to be precluded where localized extirpations of bull trout are offset by sufficiently strong improvements in other areas of a recovery unit in meeting the four recovery objectives. The determination of whether a distinct population segment of bull trout is recovered will rely on an analysis of the overall status of the species, threats to the species, and the adequacy of existing regulatory and conservation mechanisms. For example, it may be possible for the Columbia River Distinct Population Segment, which has 22 recovery units, to be recovered prior to all recovery unit criteria being met in all recovery units. Success in accomplishing the recovery VI criteria will be reviewed and considered for the impacts both within a recovery unit and throughout a distinct population segment. Actions Needed Specific tasks falling within the following seven categories will be necessary to initiate recovery within all recovery units: ? Protect, restore, and maintain suitable habitat conditions for bull trout. ? Prevent and reduce negative effects of normative fishes and other normative taxa on bull trout. ? Establish fisheries management goals and objectives compatible with bull trout recovery and implement practices to achieve goals. ? Characterize, conserve, and monitor genetic diversity and gene flow among local populations of bull trout. ? Conduct research and monitoring to implement and evaluate bull trout recovery activities, consistent with an adaptive management approach using feedback from implemented, site-specific recovery tasks. ? Use all available conservation programs and regulations to protect and conserve bull trout and bull trout habitats. ? Assess the implementation of bull trout recovery by recovery units and revise recovery unit plans based on evaluations. Recovery Priority Number The recovery priority number for bull trout in the coterminous United States is 9C, on a scale of 1 to 18, indicating that (1) taxonomically, these populations are distinct population segments of a species, (2) the five populations are subject to a moderate degree of threat(s), (3) the recovery potential is high, and (4) the degree of potential conflict during recovery is high. vrr Estimated Cost of Recovery The total cost estimate of recovery for bull trout in the coterminous United States is presented in the individual recovery unit chapters. The costs presented in each chapter are attributed to bull trout conservation but other species will also benefit. Date of Recovery Expected time to achieve recovery varies among recovery units because of differences in bull trout status, factors affecting bull trout, implementation and effectiveness of recovery tasks, and responses to recovery tasks. Achieving bull trout recovery in all recovery units will be a complex process that will likely take 25 years or more. vin Title: Bull Trout, Salvelinus Confluentus... Draft Recovery Plan, Chapter 1, Introduction... Author: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Year: 2003, 2008, 2005 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY FOR THE BULL TROUT RECOVERY PLAN Current Species Status The bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus) in the coterminous United States was listed as threatened on November 1, 1999 (64 FR 58910). Earlier rulemakings had listed distinct population segments of bull trout as threatened in the Columbia River, Klamath River, and Jarbidge River basins (63 FR 31647, 63 FR 42757, 64 FR 17110). Bull trout distribution, abundance, and habitat quality have declined rangewide. Several local extirpations have been documented, beginning in the 1950fs. Bull trout continue to occur the Klamath River, Columbia River, Jarbidge River, St. Mary-Belly River, and Coastal-Puget Sound, in the states of Idaho, Montana, Nevada, Oregon, and Washington. Habitat Requirements and Limiting Factors Bull trout have more specific habitat requirements than most other salmonids. Habitat components that influence bull trout distribution and abundance include water temperature, cover, channel form and stability, substrate for spawning and rearing, and migratory corridors. Bull trout are found in colder streams and require colder water than most other salmonids for incubation, juvenile rearing, and spawning. Spawning and rearing areas are often associated with cold-water springs, groundwater infiltration, and/or the coldest streams in a watershed. Throughout their lives, bull trout require complex forms of cover, including large woody debris, undercut banks, boulders, and pools. Alterations in channel form and reductions in channel stability result in habitat degradation and reduced survival of bull trout eggs and juveniles. Channel alterations may reduce the abundance and quality of side channels, stream margins, and pools, which are areas bull trout frequently inhabit. For spawning and early rearing bull trout require loose, clean gravel relatively free of fine sediments. Because bull trout have a relatively long incubation and development period within spawning gravel (greater than 200 days), transport of bedload in unstable channels may kill young bull trout. Bull trout use migratory corridors to move from spawning and rearing habitats to foraging and overwintering habitats and back. Different habitats provide bull trout with diverse resources, and migratory corridors allow local populations to connect, which may increase the potential for gene flow and support or refounding of populations. Declines in bull trout distribution and abundance are the results of combined effects of the following: habitat degradation and fragmentation, the blockage of migratory corridors, poor water quality, angler harvest and poaching, entrainment (process by which aquatic organisms are pulled through a diversion structure or other device) into diversion channels and dams, and introduced iv normative species. Specific land and water management activities that continue to depress bull trout populations and degrade habitat include dams and other diversion structures, forest management practices, livestock grazing, agriculture, road construction and maintenance, mining, and urban and rural development. Some threats to bull trout are the continuing effects of past land management activities. Organization and Development of the Recovery Plan Because bull trout in the coterminous United States are widely distributed within a large area, the recovery plan is organized into multiple chapters. This introductory chapter (Chapter 1) describes our overall recovery strategy for the species, defines recovery, and identifies recovery actions applicable for all listed bull trout in the coterminous United States. Each successive chapter focuses on bull trout in specific geographic areas (recovery units), and describes conditions, defines recovery criteria, and identifies specific recovery actions for the recovery unit. Recovery Objectives The goal of this recovery plan is to describe the actions needed to achieve the recovery of bull trout, that is, to ensure the long-term persistence of self-sustaining, complex interacting groups (or multiple local populations that may have overlapping spawning and rearing areas) of bull trout distributed across the species' native range. Recovery of bull trout will require reducing threats to the long-term persistence of populations, maintaining multiple interconnected populations of bull trout across the diverse habitats of their native range, and preserving the diversity of bull trout life-history strategies (e.g., resident or migratory forms, emigration age, spawning frequency, local habitat adaptations). To recover bull trout, the following four objectives have been identified: ? Maintain current distribution of bull trout within core areas as described in recovery unit chapters and restore distribution where recommended in recovery unit chapters. ? Maintain stable or increasing trend in abundance of bull trout. ? Restore and maintain suitable habitat conditions for all bull trout life history stages and strategies. ? Conserve genetic diversity and provide opportunity for genetic exchange. ? These objectives apply to bull trout in all recovery units. Additional objectives may be necessary to achieve recovery in some recovery units and will be identified in the respective recovery unit chapters. Recovery Criteria Criteria are established to assess whether recovery objectives are being achieved. Criteria specific to each recovery unit are defined in each recovery unit chapter. Individual chapters may contain criteria for assessing the status of bull trout and alleviation of threats that are unique to one or several recovery units. However, every recovery unit chapter will contain criteria that address the following characteristics: ? The distribution of bull trout in identified and potential local populations in all core areas within the recovery unit. ? The estimated abundance of adult bull trout within core areas in the recovery unit, expressed as either a point estimate or a range of individuals. ? The presence of stable or increasing trends for adult bull trout abundance in the recovery unit. ? The restoration of passage at specific barriers identified as inhibiting recovery. We expect recovery of bull trout to be a dynamic process occurring over time. The recovery objectives are based on our current knowledge and may be refined as more information becomes available. Some local populations of bull trout, and possibly core area populations, may be extirpated even though recovery actions are being implemented. If reestablishment of recently extirpated populations is not feasible or practical, recovery criteria for a given recovery unit will be revised on a case-by-case basis. Meeting the four recovery criteria is not intended to be precluded where localized extirpations of bull trout are offset by sufficiently strong improvements in other areas of a recovery unit in meeting the four recovery objectives. The determination of whether a distinct population segment of bull trout is recovered will rely on an analysis of the overall status of the species, threats to the species, and the adequacy of existing regulatory and conservation mechanisms. For example, it may be possible for the Columbia River Distinct Population Segment, which has 22 recovery units, to be recovered prior to all recovery unit criteria being met in all recovery units. Success in accomplishing the recovery VI criteria will be reviewed and considered for the impacts both within a recovery unit and throughout a distinct population segment. Actions Needed Specific tasks falling within the following seven categories will be necessary to initiate recovery within all recovery units: ? Protect, restore, and maintain suitable habitat conditions for bull trout. ? Prevent and reduce negative effects of normative fishes and other normative taxa on bull trout. ? Establish fisheries management goals and objectives compatible with bull trout recovery and implement practices to achieve goals. ? Characterize, conserve, and monitor genetic diversity and gene flow among local populations of bull trout. ? Conduct research and monitoring to implement and evaluate bull trout recovery activities, consistent with an adaptive management approach using feedback from implemented, site-specific recovery tasks. ? Use all available conservation programs and regulations to protect and conserve bull trout and bull trout habitats. ? Assess the implementation of bull trout recovery by recovery units and revise recovery unit plans based on evaluations. Recovery Priority Number The recovery priority number for bull trout in the coterminous United States is 9C, on a scale of 1 to 18, indicating that (1) taxonomically, these populations are distinct population segments of a species, (2) the five populations are subject to a moderate degree of threat(s), (3) the recovery potential is high, and (4) the degree of potential conflict during recovery is high. vrr Estimated Cost of Recovery The total cost estimate of recovery for bull trout in the coterminous United States is presented in the individual recovery unit chapters. The costs presented in each chapter are attributed to bull trout conservation but other species will also benefit. Date of Recovery Expected time to achieve recovery varies among recovery units because of differences in bull trout status, factors affecting bull trout, implementation and effectiveness of recovery tasks, and responses to recovery tasks. Achieving bull trout recovery in all recovery units will be a complex process that will likely take 25 years or more. vin

94. [Image] Federal Register - Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Notice of 90-Day Finding on a Petition to Delist the Lost River Sucker and Shortnose Sucker


	Only portions of issues of the Federal Register are available in the Klamath Waters Digital Library. Includes bibliographical reference; 50 CFR Part 17; Action: Notice of 90-day petition finding; “FR Doc. ...
	Citation Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Federal Register - Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Notice of 90-Day Finding on a Petition to Delist the Lost River Sucker and Shortnose Sucker Year: 2002, 2008, 2005 Only portions of issues of the Federal Register are available in the Klamath Waters Digital Library. Includes bibliographical reference; 50 CFR Part 17; Action: Notice of 90-day petition finding; “FR Doc. 02-12123 Filed 5-13-02: 8:45 a.m.;” See the Federal Register at http://www.gpoaccess.gov/fr/advanced.html Title: Federal Register - Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Notice of 90-Day Finding on a Petition to Delist the Lost River Sucker and Shortnose Sucker Year: 2002, 2008, 2005 Only portions of issues of the Federal Register are available in the Klamath Waters Digital Library. Includes bibliographical reference; 50 CFR Part 17; Action: Notice of 90-day petition finding; “FR Doc. 02-12123 Filed 5-13-02: 8:45 a.m.;” See the Federal Register at http://www.gpoaccess.gov/fr/advanced.html

95. [Image] The Water Report - Hydro relicensing OR/CA: fish passage


	Only portions of issues of The Water Report are available in the Klamath Waters Digital Library. See the full report at http://www.thewaterreport.com/
	Citation Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The Water Report - Hydro relicensing OR/CA: fish passage Author: Envirotech Publications Year: 2006, 2008 Only portions of issues of The Water Report are available in the Klamath Waters Digital Library. See the full report at http://www.thewaterreport.com/ Title: The Water Report - Hydro relicensing OR/CA: fish passage Author: Envirotech Publications Year: 2006, 2008 Only portions of issues of The Water Report are available in the Klamath Waters Digital Library. See the full report at http://www.thewaterreport.com/

96. [Image] Recovery of wild salmonids in western Oregon forests : Oregon Forest Practices Act rules and the measures in the Oregon plan for salmon and watersheds


	"September 8, 1999."
	Citation Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Recovery of wild salmonids in western Oregon forests : Oregon Forest Practices Act rules and the measures in the Oregon plan for salmon and watersheds Author: Independent Multidisciplinary Science Team (Or.) Year: 1999, 2005 "September 8, 1999." Title: Recovery of wild salmonids in western Oregon forests : Oregon Forest Practices Act rules and the measures in the Oregon plan for salmon and watersheds Author: Independent Multidisciplinary Science Team (Or.) Year: 1999, 2005 "September 8, 1999."

97. [Image] Oregon lampreys : natural history, status, and analysis of management issues


	Executive Summary The jawless lampreys are remnants of the oldest vertebrates in the world. Oregon has somewhere between eight and a dozen species of these primitive fishes. Their taxonomy is obscure ...
	Citation Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Oregon lampreys : natural history, status, and analysis of management issues Author: Kostow, Kathryn Year: 2002, 2008, 2005 Executive Summary The jawless lampreys are remnants of the oldest vertebrates in the world. Oregon has somewhere between eight and a dozen species of these primitive fishes. Their taxonomy is obscure because different species tend to look very similar through most of their life cycle, and they have not been well-studied in Oregon. Lampreys occur in the Columbia Basin, including the lower Snake River, along the Oregon coast, in the upper Klamath Basin, and in Goose Lake Basin in southeastern Oregon. They all begin life in fresh water where juveniles burrow into silt and filter feed on algae. As some species approach adulthood they migrate to the ocean or to lakes where they briefly become ecto-parasites, feeding on other live fishes by attaching to them with sucker disc mouths. Other species remain non-parasitic. In addition to some enigmatic species identities, we generally have very little information about the detailed distributions, life histories and basic biology of lampreys. Lampreys became a conservation concern in the early 1990s when tribal co-managers and some Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife (ODFW) staff noted that populations of Pacific Lampreys, Lampetra tridentata, were apparently declining to perilously low numbers. Pacific Lampreys were listed as an Oregon State sensitive species in 1993 and were given further legal protected status by the state in 1997 (OAR 635-044-0130). Lamprey status is difficult to assess for several reasons: 1) Most observations of lampreys in fresh water are of juveniles and it is difficult to tell the various species apart, even to the extent that the various species are currently clearly designated; 2) Data on lamprey is only collected incidental to monitoring of salmonids. The design and efficiency of the data collection effort is not always adequate for lampreys; and 3) We have very few historic data sets for lampreys. Therefore we often cannot determine how the abundances and distributions we see now compare with those in the past. The limited data that we have suggests that lampreys have declined through many parts of their ranges. The most precipitous declines appear to be in the upper Columbia and Snake basins where we have some historic data from mainstem dam counts. Pacific Lampreys have declined to only about 200 adults annually passing the Snake River dams. We also have evidence of declines of Pacific Lampreys in the lower Columbia and on the Oregon coast, although our data is quite limited. We have little to no information about any of the other species of lampreys. We are not even sure whether some of the recognized species, like the River Lamprey (L. ayresi), is still present in Oregon. This paper concludes with a Problem Analysis for Oregon lampreys. Our biggest problem is poor information, ranging from not knowing basic species identity to having inefficient or no systematic monitoring of lamprey abundance and distribution. ODFW continued an annual harvest on Pacific Lamprey in the Willamette Basin in 2001, but we lack the necessary information to assess the affects of the harvest on the population. Major habitat problems that affect lampreys include upstream passage over artificial barriers, a need for lamprey-friendly screening of water diversions, and urban and agricultural development of low-gradient flood plain habitats. Title: Oregon lampreys : natural history, status, and analysis of management issues Author: Kostow, Kathryn Year: 2002, 2008, 2005 Executive Summary The jawless lampreys are remnants of the oldest vertebrates in the world. Oregon has somewhere between eight and a dozen species of these primitive fishes. Their taxonomy is obscure because different species tend to look very similar through most of their life cycle, and they have not been well-studied in Oregon. Lampreys occur in the Columbia Basin, including the lower Snake River, along the Oregon coast, in the upper Klamath Basin, and in Goose Lake Basin in southeastern Oregon. They all begin life in fresh water where juveniles burrow into silt and filter feed on algae. As some species approach adulthood they migrate to the ocean or to lakes where they briefly become ecto-parasites, feeding on other live fishes by attaching to them with sucker disc mouths. Other species remain non-parasitic. In addition to some enigmatic species identities, we generally have very little information about the detailed distributions, life histories and basic biology of lampreys. Lampreys became a conservation concern in the early 1990s when tribal co-managers and some Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife (ODFW) staff noted that populations of Pacific Lampreys, Lampetra tridentata, were apparently declining to perilously low numbers. Pacific Lampreys were listed as an Oregon State sensitive species in 1993 and were given further legal protected status by the state in 1997 (OAR 635-044-0130). Lamprey status is difficult to assess for several reasons: 1) Most observations of lampreys in fresh water are of juveniles and it is difficult to tell the various species apart, even to the extent that the various species are currently clearly designated; 2) Data on lamprey is only collected incidental to monitoring of salmonids. The design and efficiency of the data collection effort is not always adequate for lampreys; and 3) We have very few historic data sets for lampreys. Therefore we often cannot determine how the abundances and distributions we see now compare with those in the past. The limited data that we have suggests that lampreys have declined through many parts of their ranges. The most precipitous declines appear to be in the upper Columbia and Snake basins where we have some historic data from mainstem dam counts. Pacific Lampreys have declined to only about 200 adults annually passing the Snake River dams. We also have evidence of declines of Pacific Lampreys in the lower Columbia and on the Oregon coast, although our data is quite limited. We have little to no information about any of the other species of lampreys. We are not even sure whether some of the recognized species, like the River Lamprey (L. ayresi), is still present in Oregon. This paper concludes with a Problem Analysis for Oregon lampreys. Our biggest problem is poor information, ranging from not knowing basic species identity to having inefficient or no systematic monitoring of lamprey abundance and distribution. ODFW continued an annual harvest on Pacific Lamprey in the Willamette Basin in 2001, but we lack the necessary information to assess the affects of the harvest on the population. Major habitat problems that affect lampreys include upstream passage over artificial barriers, a need for lamprey-friendly screening of water diversions, and urban and agricultural development of low-gradient flood plain habitats.

98. [Image] Federal Register - Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Proposed Determination of Critical Habitat for Lost River Sucker and Shortnose Sucker


	The Fish and Wildlife Service (Service) proposes to designate critical habitat for the Lost River sucker {Deltistes luxatus) and shortnose sucker [Chasmistes brevirostris), two species federally listed ...
	Citation Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Federal Register - Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Proposed Determination of Critical Habitat for Lost River Sucker and Shortnose Sucker Year: 1994, 2008, 2005 The Fish and Wildlife Service (Service) proposes to designate critical habitat for the Lost River sucker {Deltistes luxatus) and shortnose sucker [Chasmistes brevirostris), two species federally listed as endangered pursuant to the Endangered Species Act of 1973. as amended (Act). Both species are large, long-lived fish endemic to the Upper Klamath River Basin of Oregon and California. The proposed designation includes a total of approximately 182,400 hectares (456,000 acres) of stream, river, lake, and shoreline areas as critical habitat for the shortnose sucker and approximately 170,000 hectares (424,000 acres) of stream, river, lake, and shoreline areas as critical habitat for the Lost River sucker. This proposed critical habitat designation would result in additional review requirements under section 7 of the Act with regard to Federal agency actions. Section 4 of the Act requires the Service to consider economic costs and benefits prior to making a final decision on the size and scope of critical habitat Title: Federal Register - Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Proposed Determination of Critical Habitat for Lost River Sucker and Shortnose Sucker Year: 1994, 2008, 2005 The Fish and Wildlife Service (Service) proposes to designate critical habitat for the Lost River sucker {Deltistes luxatus) and shortnose sucker [Chasmistes brevirostris), two species federally listed as endangered pursuant to the Endangered Species Act of 1973. as amended (Act). Both species are large, long-lived fish endemic to the Upper Klamath River Basin of Oregon and California. The proposed designation includes a total of approximately 182,400 hectares (456,000 acres) of stream, river, lake, and shoreline areas as critical habitat for the shortnose sucker and approximately 170,000 hectares (424,000 acres) of stream, river, lake, and shoreline areas as critical habitat for the Lost River sucker. This proposed critical habitat designation would result in additional review requirements under section 7 of the Act with regard to Federal agency actions. Section 4 of the Act requires the Service to consider economic costs and benefits prior to making a final decision on the size and scope of critical habitat

99. [Image] Klamath Falls Resource Area resource management plan and environmental impact statement : final : Volume 1


	Proposed resource management plan/final environmental impact statement for the Klamath Falls Resource Area
	Citation Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Klamath Falls Resource Area resource management plan and environmental impact statement : final : Volume 1 Author: United States. Bureau of Land Management. Klamath Falls Resource Area Office Year: 1994, 2005, 2004 Proposed resource management plan/final environmental impact statement for the Klamath Falls Resource Area Title: Klamath Falls Resource Area resource management plan and environmental impact statement : final : Volume 1 Author: United States. Bureau of Land Management. Klamath Falls Resource Area Office Year: 1994, 2005, 2004 Proposed resource management plan/final environmental impact statement for the Klamath Falls Resource Area

100. [Image] Resolving the Klamath


	"October 1999"; Cover title
	Citation Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Resolving the Klamath Year: 1999, 2004 "October 1999"; Cover title Title: Resolving the Klamath Year: 1999, 2004 "October 1999"; Cover title

Limit your search

Material Types

Subject

Author

Pivot Field

Database

Search

Search Results

1. [Image] 1999 Klamath River fall chinook age composition

2. [Image] 1998 Klamath River fall chinook age composition

3. [Image] Age composition of the 1995 Klamath River fall Chinook run

4. [Image] Ecology of kokanee salmon and rainbow trout in Crater Lake, a deep ultraoligotrophic caldera lake (Oregon)

5. [Image] Attempt at Paleomagnetic Dating of Opal, Roosevelt Hot Springs KGRA

6. [Image] The vegetation dynamics of pinus contorta forest, Crater Lake National Park, Oregon

7. [Image] Annual survey of abundance and distribution of age 0 shortnose and Lost River suckers in Upper Klamath Lake

8. [Image] Feeding of golden-mantled ground squirrels by park visitors at Crater Lake National Park

9. [Image] Fishes and stream habitat in tributaries of the Klamath River in Crater Lake National Park, with special reference to the Sun Creek Bull Trout (Salvelinus confluentus) population

10. [Image] Geology of the Cove Fort-Sulphurdale KGRA

11. [Image] Biomass of coniferous and understory trees in Crater Lake National Park, Oregon

12. [Image] Research on the Physical Properties of Geothermal Reservoir Rock. Quarterly Report.

13. [Image] Issue Alert: Catching Up and Keeping Up

14. [Image] Site Insolation and Wind Power Characteristics: Technical Report Western Region (North Section)

15. [Image] Site Insolation and Wind Power Characteristics: Technical Report Western Region (South Section)

16. [Image] Life zones with special reference to the botanical features of those of Crater Lake National Park

17. [Image] Preliminary report on the ground-water resources of the Klamath River Basin, Oregon

18. [Image] Initial effects of prescribed fire in a climax Pinus contorta forest: Crater Lake National Park

19. [Image] Failure Analysis Report: Geothermal Heating System Components, Oregon Institute of Technology, Klamath Falls, Oregon

20. [Image] Failure Analysis Report: Geothermal Heating System Components, Oregon Institute of Technology, Klamath Falls, Oregon

21. [Image] Petrographic Analysis and Correlation of Volcanic Rocks in Bostic 1-A Well near Mountain Home, Idaho

22. [Image] Market Feasibility Assessment of Four Development Projects

23. [Image] Geothermal Exploration of the Puga and Chumathang Geothermal Fields, Ladakh, India

24. [Image] The Economics of America's Energy Future

25. [Image] Geothermal Reservoir Categorization and Stimulation Study

26. [Image] Annual report, Klamath River fisheries assessment program : juvenile salmonid trapping on the mainstem Trinity River at Willow Creek and on the Klamath River at Big Bar, 1990

27. [Image] Reproductive biology and demographics of endangered Lost River and shortnose suckers in Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon

28. [Image] Geology and ground-water resources of the Swan Lake-Yonna Valleys area, Klamath County, Oregon

29. [Image] Vegetation and fire history of Ponderosa Pine - White Fir forest in Crater Lake National Park

30. [Image] Fire-insect-disease relationships of a lodgepole pine ecosystem in south-central Oregon

31. [Image] Multicomponent chemical equilibrium modeling of the fluids and U-TH geochrnology of authigenic mineralization in geothermal systems

32. [Image] Geologic and hydrologic characterization and evaluation of the Basin and Range Province relative to the disposal of high-level radioactive waste [part 3 geologic and hydrologic evaluation]

33. [Image] Geophysical Lineaments of Arizona

34. [Image] Hawaii Geothermal Resource Assessment Program: western state cooperative direct heat resource assessment, Phase I. Final report

35. [Image] Water supply of Crater Lake, Oregon

36. [Image] Forest restoration of Sun Creek, Crater Lake National Park

37. [Image] Planning, Drilling, Logging, and Testing of Energy Extraction Hole EE-1, Phases I and II

38. [Image] Klamath River and its utilization

39. [Image] Crater Lake National Park 20 year visitor use forecast

40. [Image] Parks and Recreation Oregon Department of Transportation: Larry V. Espey

41. [Image] Progress report for investigations on Blue Creek, fiscal year 1992, Blue Creek, California

42. [Image] A geologic and hydrologic reconnaissance of Lava Beds National Monument and vicinity, California

43. [Image] Report of 1994 Workshop on the Correlation of Marine and Terrestrial Records of Climate Changes in the Western United States

44. [Image] Crater Lake National Park visitor study, summer 2001

45. [Image] Effects of water quality on growth of juvenile shortnose suckers, Chasmistes brevirostris (Catostomidae: Cypriniformes), from Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon

46. [Image] Klamath River fish die-off, September 2002 : report on estimate of mortality

47. [Image] Ground water hydrology of four proposed project areas in the Klamath Basin, Oregon

48. [Image] Salmon of the Klamath river, California : 1. The salmon and the fishery of Klamath river. 2. A report on the 1930 catch of king salmon in Klamath river

49. [Image] Investigation and evaluation of geopressured-geothermal wells. Fairfax Foster Sutter No. 2 well, St. Mary Parish, Louisiana. Volume I. Completion and testing. Final report

50. [Image] Trout studies and a stream survey of Crater Lake National Park, Oregon

51. [Image] Evaluation of instream fish habitat restoration structures in Klamath River tributaries, 1988/1989

52. [Image] Biological assessment of Klamath Project's continuing operations on the endangered Lost River sucker and shortnose sucker

53. [Image] Lower Klamath River instream flow study : scoping evaluation for the Yurok Indian Reservation

54. [Image] Groundwater investigation of Bonanza Springs, Yonna, Poe and Langel valleys

55. [Image] IMST review of the USFWS and NMFS 2001 biological opinions on management of the Klamath Reclamation Project and related reports: a report of the Independent Multidisciplinary Science Team, Oregon Plan for Salmon and Watersheds

56. [Image] Recent paleolimnology of Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon

57. [Image] Geologic and hydrologic characterization and evaluation of the Basin and Range Province relative to the disposal of high-level radioactive waste [part 2 geologic and hydrologic characterization ]

58. [Image] Botrychium summit: 16 March 1993

59. [Image] Klamath Project annual history, 1949

60. [Image] Prescribed fire effects in the Panhandle area, Crater Lake National Park

61. [Image] Status of Oregon's bull trout : distribution, life history, limiting factors, management considerations, and status

62. [Image] Mainstem Klamath River fall chinook spawning Redd survey : fiscal year 1995 and 1996

63. [Image] Public notice opening public lands to entry and announcing availability of water therefor : Public notice no. 45, October 8, 1947, Klamath Project Oregon-California, Part 2 - Tule Lake Division

64. [Image] Natural history and ecology of larval Lost River suckers and larval shortnose suckers in the Williamson River-Upper Klamath Lake System

65. [Image] Recovery plan for the native fishes of the Warner Basin and Alkali Subbasin : Warner sucker (threatened) Catostomus warnerensis, Hutton tui chub (threatened) Gila bicolor ssp. Foskett speckled dace (threatened) Rhinichthys osculus ssp

66. [Image] Final progress report for fisheries investigations on Blue Creek, tributary to Klamath River, northern California, FY 1993

67. [Image] Final biological assessment: the effects of proposed actions related to Klamath Project operation (April 1, 2002-March 31, 2012) on federally-listed threatened and endangered species

68. [Image] Public notice opening public lands to entry

69. [Image] Water-resources appraisal of Crater Lake National Park, Oregon

70. [Image] The geology and geochemistry of thirteen cinder cones at Crater Lake National Park, Oregon

71. [Image] The Water Report - Klamath water bank OR