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• 1. [Image] New Geothermal Site Identification and Qualification. Consultant Report

  	This study identifies remaining undeveloped geothermal resources in California and western Nevada, and it estimates the Development costs of each. It has relied on public-domain information and such additional ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: New Geothermal Site Identification and Qualification. Consultant Report Author: Klein, C.W. Year: 2004 This study identifies remaining undeveloped geothermal resources in California and western Nevada, and it estimates the Development costs of each. It has relied on public-domain information and such additional data as geothermal developers have chosen to make available. Reserve estimation has been performed by volumetric analysis with a probabilistic approach to uncertain input parameters. Incremental geothermal reserves in the California/Nevada study area have a minimum value of 2,800 gross MW and a most-likely value of 4,300 gross MW. For the state of California alone, these values are 2,000 and 3,000 gross MW, respectively. These estimates may be conservative to the extent that they do not take into account resources about which little or no public-domain information is available. The average capital cost of incremental generation capacity is estimated to average $3,100/kW for the California/Nevada study area, and $2,950/kW for the state of California alone. These cost estimates include exploration, confirmation Drilling, Development Drilling, plant construction, and transmission-line costs. For the purposes of this study, a capital cost of $2,400/kW is considered competitive with other renewable resources. The amount of incremental geothermal capacity available at or below $2,400/kW is about 1,700 gross MW for the California/Nevada study area, and the same amount (within 50-MW rounding) for the state of California alone. The capital cost estimates are only approximate, because each developer would bring its own experience, bias, and opportunities to the Development process. Nonetheless, the overall costs per project estimated in this study are believed to be reasonable Title: New Geothermal Site Identification and Qualification. Consultant Report Author: Klein, C.W. Year: 2004 This study identifies remaining undeveloped geothermal resources in California and western Nevada, and it estimates the Development costs of each. It has relied on public-domain information and such additional data as geothermal developers have chosen to make available. Reserve estimation has been performed by volumetric analysis with a probabilistic approach to uncertain input parameters. Incremental geothermal reserves in the California/Nevada study area have a minimum value of 2,800 gross MW and a most-likely value of 4,300 gross MW. For the state of California alone, these values are 2,000 and 3,000 gross MW, respectively. These estimates may be conservative to the extent that they do not take into account resources about which little or no public-domain information is available. The average capital cost of incremental generation capacity is estimated to average $3,100/kW for the California/Nevada study area, and $2,950/kW for the state of California alone. These cost estimates include exploration, confirmation Drilling, Development Drilling, plant construction, and transmission-line costs. For the purposes of this study, a capital cost of $2,400/kW is considered competitive with other renewable resources. The amount of incremental geothermal capacity available at or below $2,400/kW is about 1,700 gross MW for the California/Nevada study area, and the same amount (within 50-MW rounding) for the state of California alone. The capital cost estimates are only approximate, because each developer would bring its own experience, bias, and opportunities to the Development process. Nonetheless, the overall costs per project estimated in this study are believed to be reasonable Close

• 2. [Image] Downhole Heat Exchanger for Shallow Geothermal Systems: Performance, Economics and Applicability

  	Heat exchangers located within the wellbore of shallow geothermal resources are presently being used at several locations in the U.S. These heat exchangers are referred to as downhole heat exchangers. ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Downhole Heat Exchanger for Shallow Geothermal Systems: Performance, Economics and Applicability Author: Reistad, G. M. Heat exchangers located within the wellbore of shallow geothermal resources are presently being used at several locations in the U.S. These heat exchangers are referred to as downhole heat exchangers. Such installations can have thermal energy output capacities as high as 1 MW for space heating with source water temperature of 90 to 100°C. This work reports on the performance and economics of downhole heat exchangers relative to the alternative geothermal system which pumps the fluid out of the ground and uses heat exchangers located at the earth's surface. Results indicate that the downhole heat exchange systems for capacity requirements less than about 500 to 100 kW are in general more desirable than the surface heat exchange systems for low capacity (less than about 500 to 1000 kW) requirements and shallow geothermal resources. For higher capacities the surface heat exchange systems become more economical. Furthermore, for large depths, the high capacities available from the surface systems are required in order to make the geothermal energy competitive with other sources Title: Downhole Heat Exchanger for Shallow Geothermal Systems: Performance, Economics and Applicability Author: Reistad, G. M. Heat exchangers located within the wellbore of shallow geothermal resources are presently being used at several locations in the U.S. These heat exchangers are referred to as downhole heat exchangers. Such installations can have thermal energy output capacities as high as 1 MW for space heating with source water temperature of 90 to 100°C. This work reports on the performance and economics of downhole heat exchangers relative to the alternative geothermal system which pumps the fluid out of the ground and uses heat exchangers located at the earth's surface. Results indicate that the downhole heat exchange systems for capacity requirements less than about 500 to 100 kW are in general more desirable than the surface heat exchange systems for low capacity (less than about 500 to 1000 kW) requirements and shallow geothermal resources. For higher capacities the surface heat exchange systems become more economical. Furthermore, for large depths, the high capacities available from the surface systems are required in order to make the geothermal energy competitive with other sources Close

• 3. [Image] Issue Alert: Selling South: BPA Seeks Ways of Marketing Surplus Power to the Pacific Northwest

  	As the Federal wholesaler of electric energy in the Pacific Northwest, SPA currently finds itself with an embarrassment of riches: more power than the Northwest can use. In fact, for at least the next ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Issue Alert: Selling South: BPA Seeks Ways of Marketing Surplus Power to the Pacific Northwest Author: Bonneville Power Administration Year: 1985 As the Federal wholesaler of electric energy in the Pacific Northwest, SPA currently finds itself with an embarrassment of riches: more power than the Northwest can use. In fact, for at least the next five years, SPA expects to have enough guaranteed or "firm" surplus energy to serve the entire needs of another Seattle, with energy to spare. SPA also expects to have a surplus of "capacity" (to serve loads in peak periods) for a longer period probably for at least 20 years Title: Issue Alert: Selling South: BPA Seeks Ways of Marketing Surplus Power to the Pacific Northwest Author: Bonneville Power Administration Year: 1985 As the Federal wholesaler of electric energy in the Pacific Northwest, SPA currently finds itself with an embarrassment of riches: more power than the Northwest can use. In fact, for at least the next five years, SPA expects to have enough guaranteed or "firm" surplus energy to serve the entire needs of another Seattle, with energy to spare. SPA also expects to have a surplus of "capacity" (to serve loads in peak periods) for a longer period probably for at least 20 years Close

• 4. [Image] Capacity-Building Program for Integrated Water Resources Management

  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Capacity-Building Program for Integrated Water Resources Management Year: 2008 Title: Capacity-Building Program for Integrated Water Resources Management Year: 2008 Close

• 5. [Image] WCPA 171E-9

  	High School Auditorium - General Assembly Room. Seating Capacity 650.
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: WCPA 171E-9 High School Auditorium - General Assembly Room. Seating Capacity 650. Title: WCPA 171E-9 High School Auditorium - General Assembly Room. Seating Capacity 650. Close

• 6. [Image] Tartus Port in its Twentieth Year--Increasing its Capacity to 10 Million Tons a Year

  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Tartus Port in its Twentieth Year--Increasing its Capacity to 10 Million Tons a Year Year: 1986 Title: Tartus Port in its Twentieth Year--Increasing its Capacity to 10 Million Tons a Year Year: 1986 Close

• 7. [Image] Geothermal Progress Monitor: Report No. 14, December 1992

  	This issue of the Geothermal Progress Monitor, the 14th since its inception in 1980, highlights the anticipated rapid growth in the use of geothermal heat pumps and documents the continued growth in the ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Geothermal Progress Monitor: Report No. 14, December 1992 Author: Assistant Secretary for Conservation and Renewable Energy, Geothermal Division Year: 1992 This issue of the Geothermal Progress Monitor, the 14th since its inception in 1980, highlights the anticipated rapid growth in the use of geothermal heat pumps and documents the continued growth in the use of geothermal energy for power generation, both in this country and abroad. In countries with a relatively large demand for new generation capacity, geothermal, if available, is being called on as a preferable alternative to the use of domestic or imported oil. On the other hand, in this country where current demand for new capacity is less, geothermal energy is commonly being put to Use in small power generation units operating on the hot water resource Title: Geothermal Progress Monitor: Report No. 14, December 1992 Author: Assistant Secretary for Conservation and Renewable Energy, Geothermal Division Year: 1992 This issue of the Geothermal Progress Monitor, the 14th since its inception in 1980, highlights the anticipated rapid growth in the use of geothermal heat pumps and documents the continued growth in the use of geothermal energy for power generation, both in this country and abroad. In countries with a relatively large demand for new generation capacity, geothermal, if available, is being called on as a preferable alternative to the use of domestic or imported oil. On the other hand, in this country where current demand for new capacity is less, geothermal energy is commonly being put to Use in small power generation units operating on the hot water resource Close

• 8. [Image] The world's largest wine vat

  	World's largest wine vat, nearly 500,000 gallons capacity, lies beneath a cement top (underground), Italian Swiss Colony Vineyards, Asti, California.
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The world's largest wine vat Year: 1940 World's largest wine vat, nearly 500,000 gallons capacity, lies beneath a cement top (underground), Italian Swiss Colony Vineyards, Asti, California. Title: The world's largest wine vat Year: 1940 World's largest wine vat, nearly 500,000 gallons capacity, lies beneath a cement top (underground), Italian Swiss Colony Vineyards, Asti, California. Close

• 9. [Image] False capacity of lekythos

  	Photograph from the personal collection of Dr. Steven Lowenstam (1945-2003), Department of Classics, University of Oregon.; default; default
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: False capacity of lekythos Author: Achilles Painter Photograph from the personal collection of Dr. Steven Lowenstam (1945-2003), Department of Classics, University of Oregon.; default; default Title: False capacity of lekythos Author: Achilles Painter Photograph from the personal collection of Dr. Steven Lowenstam (1945-2003), Department of Classics, University of Oregon.; default; default Close

• 10. [Image] James G. Barratt, assistant director of alumni relations

  	Barratt later became OSU's Athletic Director, serving in that capacity from 1965 to 1975.
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: James G. Barratt, assistant director of alumni relations Author: OSC News Bureau Photo Year: 1951 Barratt later became OSU's Athletic Director, serving in that capacity from 1965 to 1975. Title: James G. Barratt, assistant director of alumni relations Author: OSC News Bureau Photo Year: 1951 Barratt later became OSU's Athletic Director, serving in that capacity from 1965 to 1975. Close

• 11. [Image] Larry Roper chatting with a student in the MU Quad

  	Roper was appointed OSU’s Vice Provost for Student Affairs in 1995 and served in that capacity until 2014. He also served as interim dean of the College of Liberal Arts in 2007-08, and taught classes in ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Larry Roper chatting with a student in the MU Quad Year: 1997 Roper was appointed OSU’s Vice Provost for Student Affairs in 1995 and served in that capacity until 2014. He also served as interim dean of the College of Liberal Arts in 2007-08, and taught classes in the College of Education and Ethnic Studies Department. Title: Larry Roper chatting with a student in the MU Quad Year: 1997 Roper was appointed OSU’s Vice Provost for Student Affairs in 1995 and served in that capacity until 2014. He also served as interim dean of the College of Liberal Arts in 2007-08, and taught classes in the College of Education and Ethnic Studies Department. Close

• 12. [Image] High Dam Capacity to be Expanded

  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: High Dam Capacity to be Expanded Year: 1982 Title: High Dam Capacity to be Expanded Year: 1982 Close

• 13. [Image] WCPA 205A-10

  	700 Series El Type Passenger Oil Burner. Length 109'9"". Total weight, 879,600 lbs., Diameter of drivers, 77"", Tender capacity, 6,040 gal. of fuel oil; 20,000 Gallons of Water: 4-8- 4 S.P.& S. train ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: WCPA 205A-10 700 Series El Type Passenger Oil Burner. Length 109'9"". Total weight, 879,600 lbs., Diameter of drivers, 77"", Tender capacity, 6,040 gal. of fuel oil; 20,000 Gallons of Water: 4-8- 4 S.P.& S. train sitting on Wye at Celilo Title: WCPA 205A-10 700 Series El Type Passenger Oil Burner. Length 109'9"". Total weight, 879,600 lbs., Diameter of drivers, 77"", Tender capacity, 6,040 gal. of fuel oil; 20,000 Gallons of Water: 4-8- 4 S.P.& S. train sitting on Wye at Celilo Close

• 14. [Image] Train load of logs

  	Coming back from the battle fields, we shall now look at some views showing the activities in ship building done with all haste and urgency to replace the ships sunk by the enemy and to keep the tonnage ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Train load of logs Coming back from the battle fields, we shall now look at some views showing the activities in ship building done with all haste and urgency to replace the ships sunk by the enemy and to keep the tonnage capacity of our fleets. This view shows forest giants loaded on a flat car. Where river transportation was not possible the logs were so taken by train to the saw mills. Title: Train load of logs Coming back from the battle fields, we shall now look at some views showing the activities in ship building done with all haste and urgency to replace the ships sunk by the enemy and to keep the tonnage capacity of our fleets. This view shows forest giants loaded on a flat car. Where river transportation was not possible the logs were so taken by train to the saw mills. Close

• 15. [Image] Typical mode of transportation, France

  	Here we see the little freight cars with a capacity, as advertised, of forty men or eight horses. Certainly there wasn't any room left over after five squads got into one of the cars as many of us who ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Typical mode of transportation, France Here we see the little freight cars with a capacity, as advertised, of forty men or eight horses. Certainly there wasn't any room left over after five squads got into one of the cars as many of us who have slept a' la sardine recall. Title: Typical mode of transportation, France Here we see the little freight cars with a capacity, as advertised, of forty men or eight horses. Certainly there wasn't any room left over after five squads got into one of the cars as many of us who have slept a' la sardine recall. Close

• 16. [Image] Water-Products Capacity in Turkey and the Contribution of GAP

  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Water-Products Capacity in Turkey and the Contribution of GAP Year: 1988 Title: Water-Products Capacity in Turkey and the Contribution of GAP Year: 1988 Close

• 17. [Image] High Dam Capacity to be Expanded

  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: High Dam Capacity to be Expanded Year: 1982 Title: High Dam Capacity to be Expanded Year: 1982 Close

• 18. [Image] The Case Study of China; Reforms and Resources: The Implication for State Capacity in the PRC

  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The Case Study of China; Reforms and Resources: The Implication for State Capacity in the PRC Year: 1997 Title: The Case Study of China; Reforms and Resources: The Implication for State Capacity in the PRC Year: 1997 Close

• 19. [Image] USDA's 2002 Ethanol Cost-of-Production Survey

  	In 2003, the U.S. Department of Agriculture surveyed 21 dry-mill ethanol plants to estimate their 2002 production costs, including both variable (feed stock and plant operation) and capital expenses. These ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: USDA's 2002 Ethanol Cost-of-Production Survey Author: Shapouri, H. Year: 2005 In 2003, the U.S. Department of Agriculture surveyed 21 dry-mill ethanol plants to estimate their 2002 production costs, including both variable (feed stock and plant operation) and capital expenses. These plants produced about 550 million gallons of ethanol in 2002. Net feedstock costs for the surveyed plants ranged from 39 to 68 cents per gallon in 2002. For cash operating expenses, the average energy expenditure was 17.29 cents per gallon. Labor costs ranged from 3 lo 11 cents per gallon, maintenance costs from 1 lo 7 cents, and administrative costs from 1 to 18 cents. For capital expenditures, new plant construction costs from $1.05 to $3.00 per gallon of ethanol. Average investment to expand existing ethanol production capacity was 50 cents per gallon; hence, expansion tends to cost less than new capacity. Comparison with a 1998 survey of ethanol producers showed that total operating costs in 2002 had changed very little from 1998. It also showed that the average cost of building new plants had dropped, possibly due to designs that emphasize economies of scale Title: USDA's 2002 Ethanol Cost-of-Production Survey Author: Shapouri, H. Year: 2005 In 2003, the U.S. Department of Agriculture surveyed 21 dry-mill ethanol plants to estimate their 2002 production costs, including both variable (feed stock and plant operation) and capital expenses. These plants produced about 550 million gallons of ethanol in 2002. Net feedstock costs for the surveyed plants ranged from 39 to 68 cents per gallon in 2002. For cash operating expenses, the average energy expenditure was 17.29 cents per gallon. Labor costs ranged from 3 lo 11 cents per gallon, maintenance costs from 1 lo 7 cents, and administrative costs from 1 to 18 cents. For capital expenditures, new plant construction costs from $1.05 to $3.00 per gallon of ethanol. Average investment to expand existing ethanol production capacity was 50 cents per gallon; hence, expansion tends to cost less than new capacity. Comparison with a 1998 survey of ethanol producers showed that total operating costs in 2002 had changed very little from 1998. It also showed that the average cost of building new plants had dropped, possibly due to designs that emphasize economies of scale Close

• 20. [Image] Preparation of a Handbook on the Economics of Geothermal Energy Developments; Working Paper No. 6.5 Case Studies of Low Enthalpy Geothermal Energy Developments in France

  	The use of medium and low temperature brines from deep aquifers is well established technology in France. Agence Francaise Pour La Maitrisse de L'Energy (AFME) (1983) report that since 1978 twenty geothermal ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Preparation of a Handbook on the Economics of Geothermal Energy Developments; Working Paper No. 6.5 Case Studies of Low Enthalpy Geothermal Energy Developments in France Author: Harrison, R. Year: 1984 The use of medium and low temperature brines from deep aquifers is well established technology in France. Agence Francaise Pour La Maitrisse de L'Energy (AFME) (1983) report that since 1978 twenty geothermal schemes have been put into operation every year and it is foreseen that France will have an installed geothermal heating capacity equivalent to an annual saving of 106 TOE* similar developments. Thus Ungemach (1982) reports that three schemes are under completion in the Po Valley in Italy and that several demonstration projects; e.g. Southampton in the U.K. + and in Denmark and Holland are under examination for the near future. It is estimated that the European Economic Community could have a geothermal heating capacity equivalent to 2 x 106 TOE by the late 1990's, Ungemach (1983) Title: Preparation of a Handbook on the Economics of Geothermal Energy Developments; Working Paper No. 6.5 Case Studies of Low Enthalpy Geothermal Energy Developments in France Author: Harrison, R. Year: 1984 The use of medium and low temperature brines from deep aquifers is well established technology in France. Agence Francaise Pour La Maitrisse de L'Energy (AFME) (1983) report that since 1978 twenty geothermal schemes have been put into operation every year and it is foreseen that France will have an installed geothermal heating capacity equivalent to an annual saving of 106 TOE* similar developments. Thus Ungemach (1982) reports that three schemes are under completion in the Po Valley in Italy and that several demonstration projects; e.g. Southampton in the U.K. + and in Denmark and Holland are under examination for the near future. It is estimated that the European Economic Community could have a geothermal heating capacity equivalent to 2 x 106 TOE by the late 1990's, Ungemach (1983) Close