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• 1. [Image] Program of surface-water investigations in Turkey

  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Program of surface-water investigations in Turkey Year: 1962 Title: Program of surface-water investigations in Turkey Year: 1962 Close

• 2. [Image] Computer programs for modeling flow and water quality of surface water systems

  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Computer programs for modeling flow and water quality of surface water systems Author: Lorens, Joy A. Year: 1982 Title: Computer programs for modeling flow and water quality of surface water systems Author: Lorens, Joy A. Year: 1982 Close

• 3. [Image] Workbook for Preparing Surface Water Quality-Assurance Plans for Districts of the U.S. Geological Survey, Water Resources Division

  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Workbook for Preparing Surface Water Quality-Assurance Plans for Districts of the U.S. Geological Survey, Water Resources Division Author: Arvin, Donald V. Year: 1995 Title: Workbook for Preparing Surface Water Quality-Assurance Plans for Districts of the U.S. Geological Survey, Water Resources Division Author: Arvin, Donald V. Year: 1995 Close

• 4. [Image] Hydrogeochemistry and Isotope Hydrology of the Ground- and Surface Water in North Jordan

  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Hydrogeochemistry and Isotope Hydrology of the Ground- and Surface Water in North Jordan Year: 1985 Title: Hydrogeochemistry and Isotope Hydrology of the Ground- and Surface Water in North Jordan Year: 1985 Close

• 5. [Image] International Problems in the Management of Surface Water of the Iberian Peninsula

  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: International Problems in the Management of Surface Water of the Iberian Peninsula Author: Dellapenna, Joseph W. Year: 1991 Title: International Problems in the Management of Surface Water of the Iberian Peninsula Author: Dellapenna, Joseph W. Year: 1991 Close

• 6. [Image] Above the Water

  	A rendering of the surface of water in sunlight. Blues, greens, and blues define the surface of the water.; 1980
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Above the Water Author: Wyckoff, Christy A rendering of the surface of water in sunlight. Blues, greens, and blues define the surface of the water.; 1980 Title: Above the Water Author: Wyckoff, Christy A rendering of the surface of water in sunlight. Blues, greens, and blues define the surface of the water.; 1980 Close

• 7. [Image] Farming practices and water quality in the Upper Klamath Basin : final report to the California State Water Resources Control Board : 205j program

  	Summary The Upper Klamath Basin (UKB) is a high desert region straddling the California-Oregon border east of the Cascade Range. Irrigation and other agricultural practices in the U. S. Bureau of Reclamation's ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Farming practices and water quality in the Upper Klamath Basin : final report to the California State Water Resources Control Board : 205j program Author: Danosky, Earl; Kaffka, Stephen Year: 2002, 2007, 2006 Summary The Upper Klamath Basin (UKB) is a high desert region straddling the California-Oregon border east of the Cascade Range. Irrigation and other agricultural practices in the U. S. Bureau of Reclamation's Klamath Project may result in impaired surface water quality, reducing its use for wildlife and fish in important national wildlife refuges that receive drainage water from farms, and in the Klamath River. By 2004, a system of total maximum daily loads (TMDL) for nutrients must be established for the Klamath River. To investigate the relationships among agricultural practices and surface water quality in the Upper Klamath Basin, a two year reconnaissance survey of surface water and agricultural tile drain locations, focusing on nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations and mass transfers was conducted. Data was collected at 18 surface locations and 10 tile drain locations. Triplicate samples were taken every ten days during the growing season (April through October) and one or two times a month during the remainder of the months, depending on opportunity. No samples were taken from tile drains during the winter months because there was no irrigation and drainage during that period. Water samples were analyzed for phosphorus (total P, soluble reactive P, total filterable P, and particulate P) and nitrogen (total N, soluble N, Soluble organic N, total filterable N, particulate N, and ammonia N), temperature, pH and electrical conductivity, a measure of salinity or total dissolved solids. Analyses of data, including data quality, estimates of the transfer of nutrients in surface waters in the region, and hypotheses about the relationship between agriculture and water quality are reported. 1. The salt and nutrient content of surface waters increases nearly threefold as water moves through the watershed from the Lost River and J canal diversion to the Klamath Straits Drain. Mean ECW levels in input waters at the J canal diversion were approximately 250 \iS cm1, while water sampled at the D pump increased to 600 ^S cm"1 on average over the sample period. By the time water reenters the Klamath River, salt concentrations have increased to approximately 700 jaS cm1. 2. The ECW values observed in subsurface tile drains were higher on average than in input waters and surface waters elsewhere in the region, especially in the Lease Lands area of the Tulelake Irrigation District (TID). ECW values averaged approximately 2,500 ^S cm"1 . Recycling irrigation water through soils in the TID increases the salinity of the water, especially by the time it reaches and is reused in the Lease Lands area of the Tulelake National Wildlife Refuge (TLNWR). Soils in this part of the Klamath Project area are naturally high in salt. 3. Water temperatures in agricultural subsurface tile drains were significantly lower than surface water temperatures during the growing season when tile drains were active. pH values in tile drains were lower than surface water values. The temperature and pH of tile drains does not influence surface water values. 1. 4. For total phosphorus (TP) input waters at the J canal irrigation diversion for the TED averaged approximately 0.27 mg L1 for the two years reported. Water leaving the Tulelake Sumps at the D pump increases to 0.33 mg L1. Water leaving the Lower Klamath National Wildlife Refuge (LKNWR) sampled at the start of the Klamath Straits Drain, averaged 0.33 mg L1, similar to those at the D pump. TP increased further to 0.40 mg L"1 a the end of the Klamath Straits Drain. The overall increase in P concentration in surface waters was much less than for salt, suggesting that processes other than simple enrichment are occurring, particularly those associated with the exchange of sedimentary P and aquatic plant species. TN increases from 2.3 mg L"1 to 4.0 mg L1 over the same pathway. Atomic ratios (TN:TP) of surface water samples remain constant at approximately 10:1 throughout the system, suggesting that the amount of sediment and other small particulate matter in surface waters affects the values observed. The amount of sediment is influenced in part by the agitation of surface water as it passes through pumps and over weirs. 5. The average seasonal TP value in tile drains beneath farm fields is approximately 0.34 mg L"1 . While average total P values in subsurface tile drains were not different from those found at the D pump and the LKNWR outlet, the range in values was great (0.1 to 0.8 mg L1). Similarly, high NO3 -N values were observed at times in tile drains. Very high values in tile drains lead to the inference that some fertilizer N and P is lost in drainage water, combined with nutrients derived from decaying soil organic matter. The amount estimated as lost is much less than the amount of surplus fertilizer P applied and the amount of P surmised to be mineralized from decaying soil organic matter. P from fertilizer and decaying organic matter appears to be accumulating in soils and lake sediments in the region. 6. Ammonia N concentrations are at or below the limit of detection in subsurface agricultural tile lines and one to two orders of magnitude below the values observed in surface soils. Un ionized ammonia increases with temperature. Values above 0.25 mg L1 were observed in late summer at several locations. 7. Some leaching of soluble salts and nutrients is unavoidable when crops are irrigated. P fertilizer is applied at rates higher than crop removal, while fertilizer n is applied at rates less than crop removal. Reduced fertilizer use can help bring P inputs and outputs into balance and may reduce further any avoidable losses of P. This objective should be the subject of an agronomic research program in the region. 8. Surface waters entering the TDD, the TLNWR, and the LKNWR are already enriched with N and P. It seems unlikely that reducing N and P losses from farming in the TID, if possible, would influence surface water quality sufficiently to make them significantly less eutrophic. For P, the hypothesized threshold concentration limiting algae growth in fresh waters is 5 to 25 times smaller than the values observed in waters entering the TID for irrigation use. The addition of 1. nutrients from agriculture probably does not influence significantly surface water quality in the region. Wetland sediments, large amounts of organic matter in soils, and water introduced for irrigation contain essentially unlimited amounts of nutrients for aquatic plant growth. It is not clear how this circumstance could be changed under any reasonable time frame, if ever. 9. Using a TMDL approach may not result in reduced amounts of nutrients returned to the Klamath River because wetlands and farming practices in the southern portion of the Klamath Project result in the net removal of nutrients from the waters diverted for irrigation on a yearly basis, compared to allowing the same amount of water simply to flow down the river unused. Because of large errors of estimation for the amounts of water transferred, combined with smaller errors associated with estimating nutrient concentrations in water samples, and with year to year climate variation, TMDLs may not be an effective or efficient means of reducing nutrients in return flows to the Klamath River. Rational confidence limits for TMDLs may have to be too broad to be effective. Recycling of some drainage water for irrigation would reduce the amount of nutrients returned to the river more effectively than implementing a TMDL program. Title: Farming practices and water quality in the Upper Klamath Basin : final report to the California State Water Resources Control Board : 205j program Author: Danosky, Earl; Kaffka, Stephen Year: 2002, 2007, 2006 Summary The Upper Klamath Basin (UKB) is a high desert region straddling the California-Oregon border east of the Cascade Range. Irrigation and other agricultural practices in the U. S. Bureau of Reclamation's Klamath Project may result in impaired surface water quality, reducing its use for wildlife and fish in important national wildlife refuges that receive drainage water from farms, and in the Klamath River. By 2004, a system of total maximum daily loads (TMDL) for nutrients must be established for the Klamath River. To investigate the relationships among agricultural practices and surface water quality in the Upper Klamath Basin, a two year reconnaissance survey of surface water and agricultural tile drain locations, focusing on nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations and mass transfers was conducted. Data was collected at 18 surface locations and 10 tile drain locations. Triplicate samples were taken every ten days during the growing season (April through October) and one or two times a month during the remainder of the months, depending on opportunity. No samples were taken from tile drains during the winter months because there was no irrigation and drainage during that period. Water samples were analyzed for phosphorus (total P, soluble reactive P, total filterable P, and particulate P) and nitrogen (total N, soluble N, Soluble organic N, total filterable N, particulate N, and ammonia N), temperature, pH and electrical conductivity, a measure of salinity or total dissolved solids. Analyses of data, including data quality, estimates of the transfer of nutrients in surface waters in the region, and hypotheses about the relationship between agriculture and water quality are reported. 1. The salt and nutrient content of surface waters increases nearly threefold as water moves through the watershed from the Lost River and J canal diversion to the Klamath Straits Drain. Mean ECW levels in input waters at the J canal diversion were approximately 250 \iS cm1, while water sampled at the D pump increased to 600 ^S cm"1 on average over the sample period. By the time water reenters the Klamath River, salt concentrations have increased to approximately 700 jaS cm1. 2. The ECW values observed in subsurface tile drains were higher on average than in input waters and surface waters elsewhere in the region, especially in the Lease Lands area of the Tulelake Irrigation District (TID). ECW values averaged approximately 2,500 ^S cm"1 . Recycling irrigation water through soils in the TID increases the salinity of the water, especially by the time it reaches and is reused in the Lease Lands area of the Tulelake National Wildlife Refuge (TLNWR). Soils in this part of the Klamath Project area are naturally high in salt. 3. Water temperatures in agricultural subsurface tile drains were significantly lower than surface water temperatures during the growing season when tile drains were active. pH values in tile drains were lower than surface water values. The temperature and pH of tile drains does not influence surface water values. 1. 4. For total phosphorus (TP) input waters at the J canal irrigation diversion for the TED averaged approximately 0.27 mg L1 for the two years reported. Water leaving the Tulelake Sumps at the D pump increases to 0.33 mg L1. Water leaving the Lower Klamath National Wildlife Refuge (LKNWR) sampled at the start of the Klamath Straits Drain, averaged 0.33 mg L1, similar to those at the D pump. TP increased further to 0.40 mg L"1 a the end of the Klamath Straits Drain. The overall increase in P concentration in surface waters was much less than for salt, suggesting that processes other than simple enrichment are occurring, particularly those associated with the exchange of sedimentary P and aquatic plant species. TN increases from 2.3 mg L"1 to 4.0 mg L1 over the same pathway. Atomic ratios (TN:TP) of surface water samples remain constant at approximately 10:1 throughout the system, suggesting that the amount of sediment and other small particulate matter in surface waters affects the values observed. The amount of sediment is influenced in part by the agitation of surface water as it passes through pumps and over weirs. 5. The average seasonal TP value in tile drains beneath farm fields is approximately 0.34 mg L"1 . While average total P values in subsurface tile drains were not different from those found at the D pump and the LKNWR outlet, the range in values was great (0.1 to 0.8 mg L1). Similarly, high NO3 -N values were observed at times in tile drains. Very high values in tile drains lead to the inference that some fertilizer N and P is lost in drainage water, combined with nutrients derived from decaying soil organic matter. The amount estimated as lost is much less than the amount of surplus fertilizer P applied and the amount of P surmised to be mineralized from decaying soil organic matter. P from fertilizer and decaying organic matter appears to be accumulating in soils and lake sediments in the region. 6. Ammonia N concentrations are at or below the limit of detection in subsurface agricultural tile lines and one to two orders of magnitude below the values observed in surface soils. Un ionized ammonia increases with temperature. Values above 0.25 mg L1 were observed in late summer at several locations. 7. Some leaching of soluble salts and nutrients is unavoidable when crops are irrigated. P fertilizer is applied at rates higher than crop removal, while fertilizer n is applied at rates less than crop removal. Reduced fertilizer use can help bring P inputs and outputs into balance and may reduce further any avoidable losses of P. This objective should be the subject of an agronomic research program in the region. 8. Surface waters entering the TDD, the TLNWR, and the LKNWR are already enriched with N and P. It seems unlikely that reducing N and P losses from farming in the TID, if possible, would influence surface water quality sufficiently to make them significantly less eutrophic. For P, the hypothesized threshold concentration limiting algae growth in fresh waters is 5 to 25 times smaller than the values observed in waters entering the TID for irrigation use. The addition of 1. nutrients from agriculture probably does not influence significantly surface water quality in the region. Wetland sediments, large amounts of organic matter in soils, and water introduced for irrigation contain essentially unlimited amounts of nutrients for aquatic plant growth. It is not clear how this circumstance could be changed under any reasonable time frame, if ever. 9. Using a TMDL approach may not result in reduced amounts of nutrients returned to the Klamath River because wetlands and farming practices in the southern portion of the Klamath Project result in the net removal of nutrients from the waters diverted for irrigation on a yearly basis, compared to allowing the same amount of water simply to flow down the river unused. Because of large errors of estimation for the amounts of water transferred, combined with smaller errors associated with estimating nutrient concentrations in water samples, and with year to year climate variation, TMDLs may not be an effective or efficient means of reducing nutrients in return flows to the Klamath River. Rational confidence limits for TMDLs may have to be too broad to be effective. Recycling of some drainage water for irrigation would reduce the amount of nutrients returned to the river more effectively than implementing a TMDL program. Close

• 8. [Image] Environment

  	A view of one of the rocks, upon which are three round, black rocks on the surface. Water is flowing out of a black, metalic drain pipe connected to the rock.
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Environment Author: Boyden, Frank; Riley, Michael Year: 1975 A view of one of the rocks, upon which are three round, black rocks on the surface. Water is flowing out of a black, metalic drain pipe connected to the rock. Title: Environment Author: Boyden, Frank; Riley, Michael Year: 1975 A view of one of the rocks, upon which are three round, black rocks on the surface. Water is flowing out of a black, metalic drain pipe connected to the rock. Close

• 9. [Image] Geothermal Environmental Impact Assessment: Subsurface Environmental Assessment for Four Geothermal Systems

  	Geothermal systems are described for Imperial Valley and The Geysers, California; Klamath Falls, Oregon; and the Rio Grande Rift Zone, New Mexico; including information on location, area, depth, temperature, ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Geothermal Environmental Impact Assessment: Subsurface Environmental Assessment for Four Geothermal Systems Author: Geonomics, Inc. Year: 1978 Geothermal systems are described for Imperial Valley and The Geysers, California; Klamath Falls, Oregon; and the Rio Grande Rift Zone, New Mexico; including information on location, area, depth, temperature, fluid phase and composition, resource base and status of development. The subsurface environmental assessment evaluates potential groundwater degradation, seismicity and subsidence. A general discussion on geothermal systems, pollution potential, chemical characteristics of geothermal fluids and environmental effects of geothermal water pollutants is presented as background material. For the Imperial Valley, all publicly available water quality and location data for geothermal and nongeothermal wells in and near the East Mesa, Salton Sea, Heber, Brawley, Dunes and Glamis KGRAs have been compiled and plotted. The geothermal fluids which will be reinjected range in salinity from a few thousand to more than a quarter million ppm. Although Imperial Valley is a major agricultural center, groundwater use in and near most of these KGRAs is minimal. Extensive seismicity and subsidence monitoring networks have been established in this area of high natural seismicity and subsidence. The vapor-dominated geysers geothermal field is the largest electricity producer in the world. Groundwater in this mountainous region flows with poor hydraulic continuity in fractured rock. Ground and surface water quality is generally good, but high boron concentrations in hot springs and geothermal effluents is of significant concern; however, spent condensate is reinjected. High microearthquake activity is noted around the geothermal reservoir and potential subsidence effects are considered minimal. In Klamath Falls, geothermal fluids up to 113 C (235 F) are used for space heating, mostly through downhole heat exchangers with only minor, relatively benign, geothermal fluid being produced at the surface. Seismicity is low and is not expected to increase. Subsidence is not recognized. Of all geothermal occurrences in the Rio Grande Rift, the Valles Caldera is currently of primary interest. injection of geothermal effluent from hydrothermal production Wells should remove any hydrologic hazard due to some potentially noxious constituents. Waters circulating in the LASL Hot Dry Rock experiment are potable. Seismic effects are expected to be minimal. Subsidence effects could develop Title: Geothermal Environmental Impact Assessment: Subsurface Environmental Assessment for Four Geothermal Systems Author: Geonomics, Inc. Year: 1978 Geothermal systems are described for Imperial Valley and The Geysers, California; Klamath Falls, Oregon; and the Rio Grande Rift Zone, New Mexico; including information on location, area, depth, temperature, fluid phase and composition, resource base and status of development. The subsurface environmental assessment evaluates potential groundwater degradation, seismicity and subsidence. A general discussion on geothermal systems, pollution potential, chemical characteristics of geothermal fluids and environmental effects of geothermal water pollutants is presented as background material. For the Imperial Valley, all publicly available water quality and location data for geothermal and nongeothermal wells in and near the East Mesa, Salton Sea, Heber, Brawley, Dunes and Glamis KGRAs have been compiled and plotted. The geothermal fluids which will be reinjected range in salinity from a few thousand to more than a quarter million ppm. Although Imperial Valley is a major agricultural center, groundwater use in and near most of these KGRAs is minimal. Extensive seismicity and subsidence monitoring networks have been established in this area of high natural seismicity and subsidence. The vapor-dominated geysers geothermal field is the largest electricity producer in the world. Groundwater in this mountainous region flows with poor hydraulic continuity in fractured rock. Ground and surface water quality is generally good, but high boron concentrations in hot springs and geothermal effluents is of significant concern; however, spent condensate is reinjected. High microearthquake activity is noted around the geothermal reservoir and potential subsidence effects are considered minimal. In Klamath Falls, geothermal fluids up to 113 C (235 F) are used for space heating, mostly through downhole heat exchangers with only minor, relatively benign, geothermal fluid being produced at the surface. Seismicity is low and is not expected to increase. Subsidence is not recognized. Of all geothermal occurrences in the Rio Grande Rift, the Valles Caldera is currently of primary interest. injection of geothermal effluent from hydrothermal production Wells should remove any hydrologic hazard due to some potentially noxious constituents. Waters circulating in the LASL Hot Dry Rock experiment are potable. Seismic effects are expected to be minimal. Subsidence effects could develop Close

• 10. [Image] Atlantic coastal plain geothermal test holes, New Jersey: Hole completion reports

  	A description of the Atlantic Coastal Plains Geothermal Drilling Program and data for the following Geothermal test holes drilled in New Jersey are summarized: Site No. 40, Fort Monmouth; Site No. 41, ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Atlantic coastal plain geothermal test holes, New Jersey: Hole completion reports Author: Cobb, L.B. Year: 1979 A description of the Atlantic Coastal Plains Geothermal Drilling Program and data for the following Geothermal test holes drilled in New Jersey are summarized: Site No. 40, Fort Monmouth; Site No. 41, Sea Girt; Site No. 39-A, Forked River; Site No. 38, Atlantic City; and Site No. 36, Cape May; NVO-1558-1 Title: Atlantic coastal plain geothermal test holes, New Jersey: Hole completion reports Author: Cobb, L.B. Year: 1979 A description of the Atlantic Coastal Plains Geothermal Drilling Program and data for the following Geothermal test holes drilled in New Jersey are summarized: Site No. 40, Fort Monmouth; Site No. 41, Sea Girt; Site No. 39-A, Forked River; Site No. 38, Atlantic City; and Site No. 36, Cape May; NVO-1558-1 Close

• 11. [Image] Energy Research and Technology. Interim Bibliography of Reports, with Abstracts

  	This 71 page document is a bibliography of reports, with abstracts of energy research and technology
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Energy Research and Technology. Interim Bibliography of Reports, with Abstracts Author: National Science Foundation Year: 1974 This 71 page document is a bibliography of reports, with abstracts of energy research and technology Title: Energy Research and Technology. Interim Bibliography of Reports, with Abstracts Author: National Science Foundation Year: 1974 This 71 page document is a bibliography of reports, with abstracts of energy research and technology Close

• 12. [Image] Water balletfamily collision; Laurie Simmons : water ballet/family collision

  	Six pieces of heavy weight card make up both the covers and pages of this book. The covers are surfaced with a shimmery metallic paper that looks like the surface of water. Color and black and white ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Water balletfamily collision; Laurie Simmons : water ballet/family collision Author: Simmons, Laurie Six pieces of heavy weight card make up both the covers and pages of this book. The covers are surfaced with a shimmery metallic paper that looks like the surface of water. Color and black and white underwater photography is printed on glossy pages. Title: Water balletfamily collision; Laurie Simmons : water ballet/family collision Author: Simmons, Laurie Six pieces of heavy weight card make up both the covers and pages of this book. The covers are surfaced with a shimmery metallic paper that looks like the surface of water. Color and black and white underwater photography is printed on glossy pages. Close

• 13. [Image] Duckweed Goldfish Brocade

  	This photographic collage presents a gridded combination of what appears to be goldfish swimming beneath the surface of water and plant forms.; 1988
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Duckweed Goldfish Brocade Author: Finne, Ron Paul This photographic collage presents a gridded combination of what appears to be goldfish swimming beneath the surface of water and plant forms.; 1988 Title: Duckweed Goldfish Brocade Author: Finne, Ron Paul This photographic collage presents a gridded combination of what appears to be goldfish swimming beneath the surface of water and plant forms.; 1988 Close

• 14. [Image] Ground water hydrology of four proposed project areas in the Klamath Basin, Oregon

  	"OF-01-01"
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Ground water hydrology of four proposed project areas in the Klamath Basin, Oregon Author: Oregon. Water Resources Dept Year: 2001, 2005 "OF-01-01" Title: Ground water hydrology of four proposed project areas in the Klamath Basin, Oregon Author: Oregon. Water Resources Dept Year: 2001, 2005 "OF-01-01" Close

• 15. [Image] Geothermal Potential in the Albuquerque Area, New Mexico

  	Access to the near-surface fresh water zone of this enormous unconfined ground-water aquifer is Albuquerque's greatest economic asset to accommodate growth. Utilizing the vast subsurface hot-water system ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Geothermal Potential in the Albuquerque Area, New Mexico Author: Grant, P.R. Jr. Year: 1982 Access to the near-surface fresh water zone of this enormous unconfined ground-water aquifer is Albuquerque's greatest economic asset to accommodate growth. Utilizing the vast subsurface hot-water system underlying the normal temperature, near-surface regime has the potential to make much of New Mexico's largest community independent of natural gas for its space-heating requirements Title: Geothermal Potential in the Albuquerque Area, New Mexico Author: Grant, P.R. Jr. Year: 1982 Access to the near-surface fresh water zone of this enormous unconfined ground-water aquifer is Albuquerque's greatest economic asset to accommodate growth. Utilizing the vast subsurface hot-water system underlying the normal temperature, near-surface regime has the potential to make much of New Mexico's largest community independent of natural gas for its space-heating requirements Close

• 16. [Image] Curtains

  	Dark and light tones, accented with yellow, comprise this abstract painting that suggests movement across the surface of a reflection on water. Curtains is part of a body of work concerned with spatial ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Curtains Author: Wyckoff, Christy Year: 1975 Dark and light tones, accented with yellow, comprise this abstract painting that suggests movement across the surface of a reflection on water. Curtains is part of a body of work concerned with spatial and two dimentional relationships of shapes seen in the rippled and reflective surface of water. Title: Curtains Author: Wyckoff, Christy Year: 1975 Dark and light tones, accented with yellow, comprise this abstract painting that suggests movement across the surface of a reflection on water. Curtains is part of a body of work concerned with spatial and two dimentional relationships of shapes seen in the rippled and reflective surface of water. Close

• 17. [Image] BUTTE VALLEY - Poor drainage and drainage conditions

  	KP-2349-R2 - Klamath Project--BUTTE VALLEY. Water surface in drain 2' below ground surface. NW1/4N1/4, Sec. 24, T 45 N, R 2 W; August 14, 1956; Photo by K. J. Greene
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: BUTTE VALLEY - Poor drainage and drainage conditions Author: United States. Bureau of Reclamation, Greene, K.J. Year: 1956, 2007, 2006 KP-2349-R2 - Klamath Project--BUTTE VALLEY. Water surface in drain 2' below ground surface. NW1/4N1/4, Sec. 24, T 45 N, R 2 W; August 14, 1956; Photo by K. J. Greene Title: BUTTE VALLEY - Poor drainage and drainage conditions Author: United States. Bureau of Reclamation, Greene, K.J. Year: 1956, 2007, 2006 KP-2349-R2 - Klamath Project--BUTTE VALLEY. Water surface in drain 2' below ground surface. NW1/4N1/4, Sec. 24, T 45 N, R 2 W; August 14, 1956; Photo by K. J. Greene Close

• 18. [Image] Water resources data. Oregon. Water Year 2003

  	Cover title; Chiefly tables
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Water resources data. Oregon. Water Year 2003 Author: Geological Survey (U.S.). Water Resources Division Year: 2003, 2005 Cover title; Chiefly tables Title: Water resources data. Oregon. Water Year 2003 Author: Geological Survey (U.S.). Water Resources Division Year: 2003, 2005 Cover title; Chiefly tables Close

• 19. [Image] Investigations of the Dunes Geothermal Anomaly, Imperial Valley, California: Part 1. Geochemistry of Geothermal Fluid

  	A geothermal test borehole, DWR Dunes No. 1, was drilled in the Dunes geothermal anomaly by the State of California Department of Water Resources. Water samples from this geothermal system were collected ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Investigations of the Dunes Geothermal Anomaly, Imperial Valley, California: Part 1. Geochemistry of Geothermal Fluid Author: Coplen, T.B. Year: 1974 A geothermal test borehole, DWR Dunes No. 1, was drilled in the Dunes geothermal anomaly by the State of California Department of Water Resources. Water samples from this geothermal system were collected from perforations at 109 and 260 meters depth. These water samples were analyzed for chemical and isotopic composition. These tests indicate that the source of the geothermal fluid is partially evaporated Colorado River water. An investigation of chloride/bromide ratios was used to determine the source of the salt in the geothermal fluid from Dunes. The result may suggest that the salt in the Salton Sea geothermal system and in the Dunes geothermal anomaly is derived from the Colorado River and that this water has not done any leaching or been mixed with water from other sources. It was determined that further geophysical Studies (gravity, seismic refraction, electrical resistivity, and magnetotelluric sounding) are needed to locate the reservoir of geothermal fluid in the Dunes system Title: Investigations of the Dunes Geothermal Anomaly, Imperial Valley, California: Part 1. Geochemistry of Geothermal Fluid Author: Coplen, T.B. Year: 1974 A geothermal test borehole, DWR Dunes No. 1, was drilled in the Dunes geothermal anomaly by the State of California Department of Water Resources. Water samples from this geothermal system were collected from perforations at 109 and 260 meters depth. These water samples were analyzed for chemical and isotopic composition. These tests indicate that the source of the geothermal fluid is partially evaporated Colorado River water. An investigation of chloride/bromide ratios was used to determine the source of the salt in the geothermal fluid from Dunes. The result may suggest that the salt in the Salton Sea geothermal system and in the Dunes geothermal anomaly is derived from the Colorado River and that this water has not done any leaching or been mixed with water from other sources. It was determined that further geophysical Studies (gravity, seismic refraction, electrical resistivity, and magnetotelluric sounding) are needed to locate the reservoir of geothermal fluid in the Dunes system Close

• 20. [Image] Lost River Channel Improvement

  	KP-2115-R2. Lost River Channel Improvement. Looking upstream from Sta. 132 on left bank. Excavation along right bank is only partially completed. Water surface has been lowered approximately 2 feet; March ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Lost River Channel Improvement Author: United States. Bureau of Reclamation, Wamstad, C. O. Year: 1952, 2007, 2006 KP-2115-R2. Lost River Channel Improvement. Looking upstream from Sta. 132 on left bank. Excavation along right bank is only partially completed. Water surface has been lowered approximately 2 feet; March 21, 1952; Photo by C. O. Wamstad Title: Lost River Channel Improvement Author: United States. Bureau of Reclamation, Wamstad, C. O. Year: 1952, 2007, 2006 KP-2115-R2. Lost River Channel Improvement. Looking upstream from Sta. 132 on left bank. Excavation along right bank is only partially completed. Water surface has been lowered approximately 2 feet; March 21, 1952; Photo by C. O. Wamstad Close

• 21. [Image] Pumping Plant "F", Unit 1 - Flapgates in operation

  	KP-2122-R2 - Klamath Project. Pumping Plant "F", Unit 1 - Flapgates in operation. Water surface elevation 4085.30; June 13, 1952; Photo by C. O. Wamstad
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Pumping Plant "F", Unit 1 - Flapgates in operation Author: United States. Bureau of Reclamation, Wamstad, C. O. Year: 1952, 2007, 2006 KP-2122-R2 - Klamath Project. Pumping Plant "F", Unit 1 - Flapgates in operation. Water surface elevation 4085.30; June 13, 1952; Photo by C. O. Wamstad Title: Pumping Plant "F", Unit 1 - Flapgates in operation Author: United States. Bureau of Reclamation, Wamstad, C. O. Year: 1952, 2007, 2006 KP-2122-R2 - Klamath Project. Pumping Plant "F", Unit 1 - Flapgates in operation. Water surface elevation 4085.30; June 13, 1952; Photo by C. O. Wamstad Close

• 22. [Image] Utilization of geothermal energy in the mining and processing of tungsten ore: 2nd quarterly report

  	The completed geochemical analysis of groundwater in the Pine Creek area for evaluation of the geothermal potential of this location is presented. Also included is an environmental constraints analysis ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Utilization of geothermal energy in the mining and processing of tungsten ore: 2nd quarterly report Author: Erickson, M.V. Year: 1980 The completed geochemical analysis of groundwater in the Pine Creek area for evaluation of the geothermal potential of this location is presented. Also included is an environmental constraints analysis of Pine Creek noting any potential environmental problems if a geothermal system was developed onsite. Design of a geothermal system is discussed for site-specific applications and is discussed in detail with equipment recommendations and material specifications. A preliminary financial, economic, and institutional assessment of geothermal system located totally on Union Carbide property at Pine Creek is included. (MHR); DOE/ET/27232-T4 Title: Utilization of geothermal energy in the mining and processing of tungsten ore: 2nd quarterly report Author: Erickson, M.V. Year: 1980 The completed geochemical analysis of groundwater in the Pine Creek area for evaluation of the geothermal potential of this location is presented. Also included is an environmental constraints analysis of Pine Creek noting any potential environmental problems if a geothermal system was developed onsite. Design of a geothermal system is discussed for site-specific applications and is discussed in detail with equipment recommendations and material specifications. A preliminary financial, economic, and institutional assessment of geothermal system located totally on Union Carbide property at Pine Creek is included. (MHR); DOE/ET/27232-T4 Close

• 23. [Image] Operations Research and Systems Analysis of Geopressured/Geothermal Resources in Louisiana. Final Report for Initiation Project

  	The development activities for a plan for Louisiana's participation in a Gulf Coast regional research and systems analysis activity. In developing preliminary planning scenarios heavy emphasis was placed ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Operations Research and Systems Analysis of Geopressured/Geothermal Resources in Louisiana. Final Report for Initiation Project Author: Wilkins, B., Jr. Year: 1978 The development activities for a plan for Louisiana's participation in a Gulf Coast regional research and systems analysis activity. In developing preliminary planning scenarios heavy emphasis was placed on data describing the resource base. The scenarios are produced using a computer-oriented planning program that is code-named GEODEV. Examples of development scenarios for four fairways in Louisiana are included in an appendix. Progress in identification of decision makers, a state-wide advisory group, coordination of activities with Texas, and regional operations research activity. Also included in appendices are: communications to identify Decision Makers, Report to Governor and Legislature on Status of GP/GT Energy in Louisiana, and a paper presented jointly by Louisiana and Texas Project Team at Third Geopressured Geothermal Energy Conference, University of Southwestern Louisiana, Lafayette, Louisiana. (MHR) Title: Operations Research and Systems Analysis of Geopressured/Geothermal Resources in Louisiana. Final Report for Initiation Project Author: Wilkins, B., Jr. Year: 1978 The development activities for a plan for Louisiana's participation in a Gulf Coast regional research and systems analysis activity. In developing preliminary planning scenarios heavy emphasis was placed on data describing the resource base. The scenarios are produced using a computer-oriented planning program that is code-named GEODEV. Examples of development scenarios for four fairways in Louisiana are included in an appendix. Progress in identification of decision makers, a state-wide advisory group, coordination of activities with Texas, and regional operations research activity. Also included in appendices are: communications to identify Decision Makers, Report to Governor and Legislature on Status of GP/GT Energy in Louisiana, and a paper presented jointly by Louisiana and Texas Project Team at Third Geopressured Geothermal Energy Conference, University of Southwestern Louisiana, Lafayette, Louisiana. (MHR) Close

• 24. [Image] Comparative assessment of five potential sites for hydrothermal-magma systems: summary

  	A comparative assessment of five potential hydrothermal-magma sites for this facet of the Thermal Regimes part of the CSDP has been prepared for the DOE Office of Basic Energy Sciences. The five sites ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Comparative assessment of five potential sites for hydrothermal-magma systems: summary Author: Luth, W.C Year: 1980 A comparative assessment of five potential hydrothermal-magma sites for this facet of the Thermal Regimes part of the CSDP has been prepared for the DOE Office of Basic Energy Sciences. The five sites are: The Geysers-Clear Lake, CA, Long Valley, CA, Rio Grande Rift, NM, Roosevelt Hot Springs, UT, and Salton Trough, CA. This site assessment study has drawn together background information (geology, geochemistry, geophysics, and energy transport) on the five sites as a preliminary stage to site selection. Criteria for site selection are that potential sites have identifiable, or likely, hydrothermal systems and associated magma sources, and the important scientific questions can be identified and answered by deep scientific holes. Recommendations were made.; DOE/TIC-11303 Title: Comparative assessment of five potential sites for hydrothermal-magma systems: summary Author: Luth, W.C Year: 1980 A comparative assessment of five potential hydrothermal-magma sites for this facet of the Thermal Regimes part of the CSDP has been prepared for the DOE Office of Basic Energy Sciences. The five sites are: The Geysers-Clear Lake, CA, Long Valley, CA, Rio Grande Rift, NM, Roosevelt Hot Springs, UT, and Salton Trough, CA. This site assessment study has drawn together background information (geology, geochemistry, geophysics, and energy transport) on the five sites as a preliminary stage to site selection. Criteria for site selection are that potential sites have identifiable, or likely, hydrothermal systems and associated magma sources, and the important scientific questions can be identified and answered by deep scientific holes. Recommendations were made.; DOE/TIC-11303 Close

• 25. [Image] Comparative assessment of five potential sites for hydrothermal-magma systems: energy transport

  	A comparative assessment of five sites is being prepared as part of a Continental Scientific Drilling Program (CSDP) review of thermal regimes for the purpose of scoping areas for future research and drilling ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Comparative assessment of five potential sites for hydrothermal-magma systems: energy transport Author: Hardee, H.C. Year: 1980 A comparative assessment of five sites is being prepared as part of a Continental Scientific Drilling Program (CSDP) review of thermal regimes for the purpose of scoping areas for future research and drilling activities. This background report: discusses the various energy transport processes likely to be encountered in a hydrothermal-magma system, reviews related literature, discusses research and field data needs, and reviews the sites from an energy transport viewpoint. At least three major zones exist in the magma-hydrothermal transport system: the magma zone, the hydrothermal zone, and the transition zone between the two. Major energy transport questions relate to the nature and existence of these zones and their evolution with time. Additional energy transport questions are concerned with the possible existence of critical state and super-critical state permeable convection in deep geothermal systems. A review of thermal transport models emphasizes the fact that present transport models and computational techniques far outweigh the scarcity and quality of deep field data. Title: Comparative assessment of five potential sites for hydrothermal-magma systems: energy transport Author: Hardee, H.C. Year: 1980 A comparative assessment of five sites is being prepared as part of a Continental Scientific Drilling Program (CSDP) review of thermal regimes for the purpose of scoping areas for future research and drilling activities. This background report: discusses the various energy transport processes likely to be encountered in a hydrothermal-magma system, reviews related literature, discusses research and field data needs, and reviews the sites from an energy transport viewpoint. At least three major zones exist in the magma-hydrothermal transport system: the magma zone, the hydrothermal zone, and the transition zone between the two. Major energy transport questions relate to the nature and existence of these zones and their evolution with time. Additional energy transport questions are concerned with the possible existence of critical state and super-critical state permeable convection in deep geothermal systems. A review of thermal transport models emphasizes the fact that present transport models and computational techniques far outweigh the scarcity and quality of deep field data. Close

• 26. [Image] Report on establishing water treatment plants and the impact of water drained on the surface and ground water sources

  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Report on establishing water treatment plants and the impact of water drained on the surface and ground water sources Year: 1990 Title: Report on establishing water treatment plants and the impact of water drained on the surface and ground water sources Year: 1990 Close

• 27. [Image] Under Water

  	A bright, ceramic-tile mural that depicts five swimmers from a view that intersects the surface of the water. Some of the swimmers are completely under water while others break the surface.; 1992-07
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Under Water Author: Johanson, George A bright, ceramic-tile mural that depicts five swimmers from a view that intersects the surface of the water. Some of the swimmers are completely under water while others break the surface.; 1992-07 Title: Under Water Author: Johanson, George A bright, ceramic-tile mural that depicts five swimmers from a view that intersects the surface of the water. Some of the swimmers are completely under water while others break the surface.; 1992-07 Close

• 28. [Image] Integrated Management of Surface and Ground-water in the Israeli Water Economy

  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Integrated Management of Surface and Ground-water in the Israeli Water Economy Year: 2008 Title: Integrated Management of Surface and Ground-water in the Israeli Water Economy Year: 2008 Close

• 29. [Image] Budget of the Surface and Underground Water in Northern Jordan

  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Budget of the Surface and Underground Water in Northern Jordan Year: 1992 Title: Budget of the Surface and Underground Water in Northern Jordan Year: 1992 Close

• 30. [Image] Bones

  	A handcolored black-and-white photograph depicting a section of water surrounded by rocks. There are several lenghts of white driftwood floating on the water surface.
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Bones Author: Jones, Nancy Year: 1975 A handcolored black-and-white photograph depicting a section of water surrounded by rocks. There are several lenghts of white driftwood floating on the water surface. Title: Bones Author: Jones, Nancy Year: 1975 A handcolored black-and-white photograph depicting a section of water surrounded by rocks. There are several lenghts of white driftwood floating on the water surface. Close

• 31. [Image] Day at Eagle Creek

  	Intense blues and greens render what appears to be the surface of moving water.; 1980
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Day at Eagle Creek Author: Wyckoff, Christy Intense blues and greens render what appears to be the surface of moving water.; 1980 Title: Day at Eagle Creek Author: Wyckoff, Christy Intense blues and greens render what appears to be the surface of moving water.; 1980 Close

• 32. [Image] Drumlins

  	Image Description from historic lecture booklet: "Drumlins are masses of boulder clay ridged up under the ice. they vary from 100 feet ot a mile or more in length and from 20 feet to 100 or 200 feet in ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Drumlins Year: 1915 Image Description from historic lecture booklet: "Drumlins are masses of boulder clay ridged up under the ice. they vary from 100 feet ot a mile or more in length and from 20 feet to 100 or 200 feet in height. Some are long and ridge-like; some short and lumpy; but the most typical drumlins are oval, having the shape of a half-submerged egg with the long direction parallel to the water surface." Title: Drumlins Year: 1915 Image Description from historic lecture booklet: "Drumlins are masses of boulder clay ridged up under the ice. they vary from 100 feet ot a mile or more in length and from 20 feet to 100 or 200 feet in height. Some are long and ridge-like; some short and lumpy; but the most typical drumlins are oval, having the shape of a half-submerged egg with the long direction parallel to the water surface." Close

• 33. [Image] Hydrology of Crater, East and Davis Lakes, Oregon

  	ill.; "With a section on chemistry of the lakes by A.S. Van Denburgh;" "Studies of water-budget balance in volcanic terranes for three lakes without surface outlets;" Includes bibliographical references ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Hydrology of Crater, East and Davis Lakes, Oregon Author: Phillips, Kenneth N., b. 1897 Year: 1968, 2008 ill.; "With a section on chemistry of the lakes by A.S. Van Denburgh;" "Studies of water-budget balance in volcanic terranes for three lakes without surface outlets;" Includes bibliographical references (p. 44-45) and index Title: Hydrology of Crater, East and Davis Lakes, Oregon Author: Phillips, Kenneth N., b. 1897 Year: 1968, 2008 ill.; "With a section on chemistry of the lakes by A.S. Van Denburgh;" "Studies of water-budget balance in volcanic terranes for three lakes without surface outlets;" Includes bibliographical references (p. 44-45) and index Close

• 34. [Image] Nutrients in the nation's waters : too much of a good thing?

  	Includes bibliographical references (p. 22)
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Nutrients in the nation's waters : too much of a good thing? Author: Mueller, David K. Year: 1996, 2004 Includes bibliographical references (p. 22) Title: Nutrients in the nation's waters : too much of a good thing? Author: Mueller, David K. Year: 1996, 2004 Includes bibliographical references (p. 22) Close

• 35. [Image] The Water Report - Klamath water bank OR

  	Only portions of issues of The Water Report are available in the Klamath Waters Digital Library. See the full report at http://www.thewaterreport.com/
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The Water Report - Klamath water bank OR Author: Envirotech Publications Year: 2005, 2008, 2006 Only portions of issues of The Water Report are available in the Klamath Waters Digital Library. See the full report at http://www.thewaterreport.com/ Title: The Water Report - Klamath water bank OR Author: Envirotech Publications Year: 2005, 2008, 2006 Only portions of issues of The Water Report are available in the Klamath Waters Digital Library. See the full report at http://www.thewaterreport.com/ Close

• 36. [Image] Water resources data. Oregon. Water Year 2002

  	PREFACEThe annual Oregon hydrologic data report is one of a series of annual reports that document hydrologic data gathered from the U.S. Geological Survey's surface- and ground-water data-collection networks ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Water resources data. Oregon. Water Year 2002 Author: Geological Survey (U.S.). Water Resources Division Year: 2002, 2004 PREFACEThe annual Oregon hydrologic data report is one of a series of annual reports that document hydrologic data gathered from the U.S. Geological Survey's surface- and ground-water data-collection networks in each State, Puerto Rico, and the Trust Territories. These records of streamflow, ground-water levels, and quality of water provide the hydrologic information needed by State, local and Federal agencies, and the private sector for developing and managing our Nation's land and water resources.The report is the culmination of a concerted effort by dedicated personnel of the U.S. Geological Survey who collected, compiled, analyzed, verified, and organized the data, and who edited and assembled the reports. In addition to the authors, who had primary responsibility for assuring that the information contained herein is accurate, complete, and adheres to Geological Survey policy and established guidelines, the following individuals contributed significantly to the collection, processing, and tabulation of the data: Title: Water resources data. Oregon. Water Year 2002 Author: Geological Survey (U.S.). Water Resources Division Year: 2002, 2004 PREFACEThe annual Oregon hydrologic data report is one of a series of annual reports that document hydrologic data gathered from the U.S. Geological Survey's surface- and ground-water data-collection networks in each State, Puerto Rico, and the Trust Territories. These records of streamflow, ground-water levels, and quality of water provide the hydrologic information needed by State, local and Federal agencies, and the private sector for developing and managing our Nation's land and water resources.The report is the culmination of a concerted effort by dedicated personnel of the U.S. Geological Survey who collected, compiled, analyzed, verified, and organized the data, and who edited and assembled the reports. In addition to the authors, who had primary responsibility for assuring that the information contained herein is accurate, complete, and adheres to Geological Survey policy and established guidelines, the following individuals contributed significantly to the collection, processing, and tabulation of the data: Close

• 37. [Image] The Water Report - FERC Relicensing: KWUA Intervention

  	Only portions of issues of The Water Report are available in the Klamath Waters Digital Library. Explanation of abbreviations in title include: Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) and the Klamath ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The Water Report - FERC Relicensing: KWUA Intervention Author: Envirotech Publications Year: 2004, 2008, 2006 Only portions of issues of The Water Report are available in the Klamath Waters Digital Library. Explanation of abbreviations in title include: Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) and the Klamath Waters User Association (KWUA). See the full report at http://www.thewaterreport.com/ Title: The Water Report - FERC Relicensing: KWUA Intervention Author: Envirotech Publications Year: 2004, 2008, 2006 Only portions of issues of The Water Report are available in the Klamath Waters Digital Library. Explanation of abbreviations in title include: Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) and the Klamath Waters User Association (KWUA). See the full report at http://www.thewaterreport.com/ Close

• 38. [Image] Gerber Watershed - Klamath Project, Oregon-California

  	CN-12-200-37A Gerber Watershed - Klamath Project, Oregon-California. Looking easterly at Gerber Reservoir from top of Gerber Dam. Note that the boat dock located at the far end of the water area in the ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Gerber Watershed - Klamath Project, Oregon-California Author: United States. Bureau of Reclamation, Rosten, T.J. Year: 1968, 2010, 2007 CN-12-200-37A Gerber Watershed - Klamath Project, Oregon-California. Looking easterly at Gerber Reservoir from top of Gerber Dam. Note that the boat dock located at the far end of the water area in the center of the picture is completely out of the water. Water surface elevation was 4809.62 feet above sea level (USBR Datum). Reservoir content amounted to 16,450 acre-feet; November 19, 1968; Bureau of Reclamation photo by T.J. Rosten Title: Gerber Watershed - Klamath Project, Oregon-California Author: United States. Bureau of Reclamation, Rosten, T.J. Year: 1968, 2010, 2007 CN-12-200-37A Gerber Watershed - Klamath Project, Oregon-California. Looking easterly at Gerber Reservoir from top of Gerber Dam. Note that the boat dock located at the far end of the water area in the center of the picture is completely out of the water. Water surface elevation was 4809.62 feet above sea level (USBR Datum). Reservoir content amounted to 16,450 acre-feet; November 19, 1968; Bureau of Reclamation photo by T.J. Rosten Close

• 39. [Image] Kelp

  	A black-and-white photograph depicting continuous strands of plant matter submerged just below the surface of still-standing water.
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Kelp Author: Harding, Goodwin Year: 1975 A black-and-white photograph depicting continuous strands of plant matter submerged just below the surface of still-standing water. Title: Kelp Author: Harding, Goodwin Year: 1975 A black-and-white photograph depicting continuous strands of plant matter submerged just below the surface of still-standing water. Close

• 40. [Image] Rocks at Taft

  	A coastal scene that depicts a view of a clustering of buildings at the shoreline from a vantage point behind an outcropping of rocks, some distance down the shore. The surface of the water separates the ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Rocks at Taft Author: Kucha, Bill A coastal scene that depicts a view of a clustering of buildings at the shoreline from a vantage point behind an outcropping of rocks, some distance down the shore. The surface of the water separates the rocks from the settlement, and the sky above is blue with some suggestion of clouds. This is one of two views of this artwork. Variations between duplicate images relate directly to original source materials.; 1980 Title: Rocks at Taft Author: Kucha, Bill A coastal scene that depicts a view of a clustering of buildings at the shoreline from a vantage point behind an outcropping of rocks, some distance down the shore. The surface of the water separates the rocks from the settlement, and the sky above is blue with some suggestion of clouds. This is one of two views of this artwork. Variations between duplicate images relate directly to original source materials.; 1980 Close

• 41. [Image] Rocks at Taft

  	A coastal scene that depicts a view of a clustering of buildings at the shoreline from a vantage point behind an outcropping of rocks, some distance down the shore. The surface of the water separates the ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Rocks at Taft Author: Kucha, Bill A coastal scene that depicts a view of a clustering of buildings at the shoreline from a vantage point behind an outcropping of rocks, some distance down the shore. The surface of the water separates the rocks from the settlement, and the sky above is blue with some suggestion of clouds. This is one of two views of this artwork. Variations between duplicate images relate directly to original source materials.; 1980 Title: Rocks at Taft Author: Kucha, Bill A coastal scene that depicts a view of a clustering of buildings at the shoreline from a vantage point behind an outcropping of rocks, some distance down the shore. The surface of the water separates the rocks from the settlement, and the sky above is blue with some suggestion of clouds. This is one of two views of this artwork. Variations between duplicate images relate directly to original source materials.; 1980 Close

• 42. [Image] Klamath River - View of Klamath River upstream from Keno Regulating Dam

  	P12-200-2780A Klamath River - Klamath Project--Oregon. View of Klamath River upstream from Keno Regulating Dam, showing noticeable riffle in water surface at narrow section near boom anchor cribs which ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Klamath River - View of Klamath River upstream from Keno Regulating Dam Author: United States. Bureau of Reclamation, Lawrence, C.D. Year: 1965, 2008, 2006 P12-200-2780A Klamath River - Klamath Project--Oregon. View of Klamath River upstream from Keno Regulating Dam, showing noticeable riffle in water surface at narrow section near boom anchor cribs which illustrates accelerated flow over upper reef; January 26, 1965; Bureau of Reclamation photo by C. D. Lawrence Title: Klamath River - View of Klamath River upstream from Keno Regulating Dam Author: United States. Bureau of Reclamation, Lawrence, C.D. Year: 1965, 2008, 2006 P12-200-2780A Klamath River - Klamath Project--Oregon. View of Klamath River upstream from Keno Regulating Dam, showing noticeable riffle in water surface at narrow section near boom anchor cribs which illustrates accelerated flow over upper reef; January 26, 1965; Bureau of Reclamation photo by C. D. Lawrence Close

• 43. [Image] Gerber Dam - View from top of dam looking down at access hole in ice

  	P12-200-2849NA Gerber Dam, Klamath Project, Oregon-California. View from top of dam looking down at access hole in ice, water surface elevation 1823.2. First divers returning after removing timber cover ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Gerber Dam - View from top of dam looking down at access hole in ice Author: United States. Bureau of Reclamation, Nell, Wes W. Year: 1966, 2008, 2006 P12-200-2849NA Gerber Dam, Klamath Project, Oregon-California. View from top of dam looking down at access hole in ice, water surface elevation 1823.2. First divers returning after removing timber cover from Gate No. 2; stoplog access hole at elevation 1784. Note part of timber cover at left. Divers used this 19" x 7" opening to enter the trashrack chamber to elevation 1771; February 15, 1966; Bureau of Reclamation photo by Wes W. Nell Title: Gerber Dam - View from top of dam looking down at access hole in ice Author: United States. Bureau of Reclamation, Nell, Wes W. Year: 1966, 2008, 2006 P12-200-2849NA Gerber Dam, Klamath Project, Oregon-California. View from top of dam looking down at access hole in ice, water surface elevation 1823.2. First divers returning after removing timber cover from Gate No. 2; stoplog access hole at elevation 1784. Note part of timber cover at left. Divers used this 19" x 7" opening to enter the trashrack chamber to elevation 1771; February 15, 1966; Bureau of Reclamation photo by Wes W. Nell Close

• 44. [Image] Kl. Str. Drain Enl., Phase II, Specs. 200C-954 - RHC Constr., Inc., Contractor

  	P12-201-4545NA Klamath Project, OR-CA. Center Canal Flume Bridge. Photo taken from south side of flume where the bridge crosses, looking to the NW of flume inlet. Note water surface and disturbance on ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Kl. Str. Drain Enl., Phase II, Specs. 200C-954 - RHC Constr., Inc., Contractor Author: United States. Bureau of Reclamation, Kline, D.J. Year: 1978, 2009, 2007 P12-201-4545NA Klamath Project, OR-CA. Center Canal Flume Bridge. Photo taken from south side of flume where the bridge crosses, looking to the NW of flume inlet. Note water surface and disturbance on last section of flume lining. It is possible this return is coming from a grout return hole drilled on an earlier date; March 30, 1978; USBR photo by D.J. Kline Title: Kl. Str. Drain Enl., Phase II, Specs. 200C-954 - RHC Constr., Inc., Contractor Author: United States. Bureau of Reclamation, Kline, D.J. Year: 1978, 2009, 2007 P12-201-4545NA Klamath Project, OR-CA. Center Canal Flume Bridge. Photo taken from south side of flume where the bridge crosses, looking to the NW of flume inlet. Note water surface and disturbance on last section of flume lining. It is possible this return is coming from a grout return hole drilled on an earlier date; March 30, 1978; USBR photo by D.J. Kline Close

• 45. [Image] Pumping Plant "F", Unit 1

  	KP-2124-R2 - Klamath Project. Pumping Plant "F", Unit 1. View looking in discharge chamber from back of structure showing stilling well boxes on left installed by representative of Economy Pump, Inc., ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Pumping Plant "F", Unit 1 Author: United States. Bureau of Reclamation, Wamstad, C. O. Year: 1952, 2007, 2006 KP-2124-R2 - Klamath Project. Pumping Plant "F", Unit 1. View looking in discharge chamber from back of structure showing stilling well boxes on left installed by representative of Economy Pump, Inc., and one on right by Bureau of Reclamation for making checks of head in discharge chamber. Turbulence and building-up of water surface in vicinity of pump cone, due to velocity head, can be noted; June 13, 1952; Photo by C. O. Wamstad Title: Pumping Plant "F", Unit 1 Author: United States. Bureau of Reclamation, Wamstad, C. O. Year: 1952, 2007, 2006 KP-2124-R2 - Klamath Project. Pumping Plant "F", Unit 1. View looking in discharge chamber from back of structure showing stilling well boxes on left installed by representative of Economy Pump, Inc., and one on right by Bureau of Reclamation for making checks of head in discharge chamber. Turbulence and building-up of water surface in vicinity of pump cone, due to velocity head, can be noted; June 13, 1952; Photo by C. O. Wamstad Close

• 46. [Image] Secret Swimmers

  	A stylized and brightly colored mural depicting the silhouettes of three swimmers and the edges of what appear to be diving platforms. White, squiggly lines over the swimmers and the squiggly rendering ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Secret Swimmers Author: Banyas, Martha, 1944- Year: 1975 A stylized and brightly colored mural depicting the silhouettes of three swimmers and the edges of what appear to be diving platforms. White, squiggly lines over the swimmers and the squiggly rendering of details under the surface of the water in the pool suggest movement. Title: Secret Swimmers Author: Banyas, Martha, 1944- Year: 1975 A stylized and brightly colored mural depicting the silhouettes of three swimmers and the edges of what appear to be diving platforms. White, squiggly lines over the swimmers and the squiggly rendering of details under the surface of the water in the pool suggest movement. Close

• 47. [Image] PH001_1320b C.L. Andrews photographs; 814 (Andrews 434); 433

  	The steamship Princess May run aground on Sentinel Island in Alaska. This large steamship has its bow sticking up in the air as its midsection rests on a a patch of rocky protrusions extending above the ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: PH001_1320b C.L. Andrews photographs; 814 (Andrews 434); 433 Author: Case, W. H. (William Howard), 1868-1920 Year: 1905 The steamship Princess May run aground on Sentinel Island in Alaska. This large steamship has its bow sticking up in the air as its midsection rests on a a patch of rocky protrusions extending above the surface of the water. Visible on the ship are windows, life preservers, two tall masts, and seven silhouetted men who stand on the bow of the ship posing for the camera. Title: PH001_1320b C.L. Andrews photographs; 814 (Andrews 434); 433 Author: Case, W. H. (William Howard), 1868-1920 Year: 1905 The steamship Princess May run aground on Sentinel Island in Alaska. This large steamship has its bow sticking up in the air as its midsection rests on a a patch of rocky protrusions extending above the surface of the water. Visible on the ship are windows, life preservers, two tall masts, and seven silhouetted men who stand on the bow of the ship posing for the camera. Close

• 48. [Image] PH001_1320b C.L. Andrews photographs; 814 (Andrews 434); AD 1320 1/2; 433

  	The steamship Princess May run aground on Sentinel Island in Alaska. This large steamship has its bow sticking up in the air as its midsection rests on a a patch of rocky protrusions extending above the ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: PH001_1320b C.L. Andrews photographs; 814 (Andrews 434); AD 1320 1/2; 433 Author: Case, W. H. (William Howard), 1868-1920 Year: 1905 The steamship Princess May run aground on Sentinel Island in Alaska. This large steamship has its bow sticking up in the air as its midsection rests on a a patch of rocky protrusions extending above the surface of the water. Visible on the ship are windows, life preservers, two tall masts, and seven silhouetted men who stand on the bow of the ship posing for the camera. Title: PH001_1320b C.L. Andrews photographs; 814 (Andrews 434); AD 1320 1/2; 433 Author: Case, W. H. (William Howard), 1868-1920 Year: 1905 The steamship Princess May run aground on Sentinel Island in Alaska. This large steamship has its bow sticking up in the air as its midsection rests on a a patch of rocky protrusions extending above the surface of the water. Visible on the ship are windows, life preservers, two tall masts, and seven silhouetted men who stand on the bow of the ship posing for the camera. Close

• 49. [Image] Investigation and evaluation of geopressured-geothermal wells. Fairfax Foster Sutter No. 2 well, St. Mary Parish, Louisiana. Volume I. Completion and testing. Final report

  	The Fairfax Foster Sutter No. 2 well, located in the East Franklin area of St. Mary Parish, Louisiana, is the first successful test of a geopressured-geothermal aquifer under the Well-of-Opportunity program. ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Investigation and evaluation of geopressured-geothermal wells. Fairfax Foster Sutter No. 2 well, St. Mary Parish, Louisiana. Volume I. Completion and testing. Final report Author: Willits, M.H. Year: 1979 The Fairfax Foster Sutter No. 2 well, located in the East Franklin area of St. Mary Parish, Louisiana, is the first successful test of a geopressured-geothermal aquifer under the Well-of-Opportunity program. The section tested was the MA-6 sand of lower Miocene age which has produced large quantities of gas from the adjacent but structurally separated Garden City field. In the subject well the observed temperature was 270{sup 0}F (132{sup 0}C) and the measured gradient was 0.77 psi/ft. The gross sand thickness was 270 feet, the net sand thickness 190 feet, and the tested interval 58 net feet. The temperatures and pressures encountered approached the limits of the surface-recording bottomhole pressure gauge and particularly the single-conductor cables on which the gauges were run. The objectives of the tests were all accomplished, and data were obtained which will contribute to the overall assessment of the geopressured-geothermal resource of the Upper Gulf of Mexico basin. In general, the gas solubility (22.8 scf/bbl) was as expected for the temperature, pressure, and salinity of the brine. The produced water was more saline than expected (160,000 mg/l). The high concentrations of dissolved solids, coupled with the evolution of CO{sub 2} from these waters during production, created a scaling problem in the tubular goods and surface equipment that will have to be addressed in future tests; DOE/ET/28460-1 Title: Investigation and evaluation of geopressured-geothermal wells. Fairfax Foster Sutter No. 2 well, St. Mary Parish, Louisiana. Volume I. Completion and testing. Final report Author: Willits, M.H. Year: 1979 The Fairfax Foster Sutter No. 2 well, located in the East Franklin area of St. Mary Parish, Louisiana, is the first successful test of a geopressured-geothermal aquifer under the Well-of-Opportunity program. The section tested was the MA-6 sand of lower Miocene age which has produced large quantities of gas from the adjacent but structurally separated Garden City field. In the subject well the observed temperature was 270{sup 0}F (132{sup 0}C) and the measured gradient was 0.77 psi/ft. The gross sand thickness was 270 feet, the net sand thickness 190 feet, and the tested interval 58 net feet. The temperatures and pressures encountered approached the limits of the surface-recording bottomhole pressure gauge and particularly the single-conductor cables on which the gauges were run. The objectives of the tests were all accomplished, and data were obtained which will contribute to the overall assessment of the geopressured-geothermal resource of the Upper Gulf of Mexico basin. In general, the gas solubility (22.8 scf/bbl) was as expected for the temperature, pressure, and salinity of the brine. The produced water was more saline than expected (160,000 mg/l). The high concentrations of dissolved solids, coupled with the evolution of CO{sub 2} from these waters during production, created a scaling problem in the tubular goods and surface equipment that will have to be addressed in future tests; DOE/ET/28460-1 Close

• 50. [Image] Nutrient loading of surface waters in the Upper Klamath Basin : agricultural and natural sources

  	Abstract Implementation of the Federal Clean Water Act and Oregon Senate Bill 1010 is proceeding under two simultaneous processes in Oregon. The Oregon Department of Environmental Quality is responsible ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Nutrient loading of surface waters in the Upper Klamath Basin : agricultural and natural sources Author: Rykbost, K. A. Year: 2001, 2004 Abstract Implementation of the Federal Clean Water Act and Oregon Senate Bill 1010 is proceeding under two simultaneous processes in Oregon. The Oregon Department of Environmental Quality is responsible for developing Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) allocations for water-quality limited water bodies. The Oregon Department of Agriculture is striving to develop Management Area Plans to provide guidance for management of private agricultural lands to meet Clean Water Act objectives. Both processes seek input from local advisory committees comprised of landowners and other stakeholders, and technical review committees. Klamath Lake and Klamath River have been designated water quality impaired for several parameters including nutrients. Researchers have attempted to determine the extent of agriculture's contributions to nutrient enrichment of surface waters in the Upper Klamath Basin. Two United States Geological Survey (USGS) studies focused attention on drainage of agricultural lands adjacent to Klamath Lake as a significant source of nutrient loading in the lake. A preliminary draft report by the Klamath River TMDL committee identified the outlet for drainage waters from the Klamath Irrigation Project to the Klamath River at the Straits Drain as a point source for nutrient loading. Preparation of a final TMDL for this sub-watershed was tabled pending development of a TMDL for Klamath Lake and its tributaries. Insufficient data are available to determine the relative contributions of agricultural activities, natural background sources, and other potential sources of nutrient enrichment to establish numerical limits for nutrient loading from agricultural lands. From 1998 through 2000, the Klamath Experiment Station has investigated nutrient loading from drainage of agricultural lands adjacent to Klamath Lake, natural background sources including major springs and several artesian wells, and loading to the Klamath Irrigation Project from diversions out of Klamath Lake and Klamath River. Findings indicate contributions from agricultural lands adjacent to Klamath Lake have been overestimated, and the Klamath Irrigation Project is probably a net sink for nutrients diverted out of Klamath Lake and Klamath River. Data to support these assertions are presented. Introduction Most of the surface waters in the Klamath Basin are included in the Oregon department of Environmental Quality (DEQ) 303D list as water-quality limited. While the only criterion for listing of many streams is temperature, based on a preliminary standard of 64°F, Klamath Lake and Klamath River are listed for chlorophyll a, dissolved oxygen, un-ionized ammonia, and pH. The DEQ is working toward development of TMDL allocations for Klamath River and Title: Nutrient loading of surface waters in the Upper Klamath Basin : agricultural and natural sources Author: Rykbost, K. A. Year: 2001, 2004 Abstract Implementation of the Federal Clean Water Act and Oregon Senate Bill 1010 is proceeding under two simultaneous processes in Oregon. The Oregon Department of Environmental Quality is responsible for developing Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) allocations for water-quality limited water bodies. The Oregon Department of Agriculture is striving to develop Management Area Plans to provide guidance for management of private agricultural lands to meet Clean Water Act objectives. Both processes seek input from local advisory committees comprised of landowners and other stakeholders, and technical review committees. Klamath Lake and Klamath River have been designated water quality impaired for several parameters including nutrients. Researchers have attempted to determine the extent of agriculture's contributions to nutrient enrichment of surface waters in the Upper Klamath Basin. Two United States Geological Survey (USGS) studies focused attention on drainage of agricultural lands adjacent to Klamath Lake as a significant source of nutrient loading in the lake. A preliminary draft report by the Klamath River TMDL committee identified the outlet for drainage waters from the Klamath Irrigation Project to the Klamath River at the Straits Drain as a point source for nutrient loading. Preparation of a final TMDL for this sub-watershed was tabled pending development of a TMDL for Klamath Lake and its tributaries. Insufficient data are available to determine the relative contributions of agricultural activities, natural background sources, and other potential sources of nutrient enrichment to establish numerical limits for nutrient loading from agricultural lands. From 1998 through 2000, the Klamath Experiment Station has investigated nutrient loading from drainage of agricultural lands adjacent to Klamath Lake, natural background sources including major springs and several artesian wells, and loading to the Klamath Irrigation Project from diversions out of Klamath Lake and Klamath River. Findings indicate contributions from agricultural lands adjacent to Klamath Lake have been overestimated, and the Klamath Irrigation Project is probably a net sink for nutrients diverted out of Klamath Lake and Klamath River. Data to support these assertions are presented. Introduction Most of the surface waters in the Klamath Basin are included in the Oregon department of Environmental Quality (DEQ) 303D list as water-quality limited. While the only criterion for listing of many streams is temperature, based on a preliminary standard of 64°F, Klamath Lake and Klamath River are listed for chlorophyll a, dissolved oxygen, un-ionized ammonia, and pH. The DEQ is working toward development of TMDL allocations for Klamath River and Close

• 51. [Image] A review of scientific information on issues related to the use and management of water resources in the Pacific Northwest

  	Abstract Everest, Fred H.; Stouder, Deanna J.; Kakoyannis, Christina; Houston, Laurie; Stankey, George; Kline, Jeffery; Alig, Ralph. 2004. A review of scientific information ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: A review of scientific information on issues related to the use and management of water resources in the Pacific Northwest Year: 2004 Abstract Everest, Fred H.; Stouder, Deanna J.; Kakoyannis, Christina; Houston, Laurie; Stankey, George; Kline, Jeffery; Alig, Ralph. 2004. A review of scientific information on issues related to the use and management of water resources in the Pacific Northwest. Gen. Tech. Rep. PNW-GTR-595. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station. 128 p. Fresh water is a valuable and essential commodity in the Pacific Northwest States, specifically Oregon, Washington, and Idaho, and one provided abundantly by forested watersheds in the region. The maintenance and growth of industrial, municipal, agricultural, and recreational activities in the region are dependent on adequate and sustainable supplies of fresh water from surface and ground-water sources. Future development, especially in the semiarid intermountain area, depends on the conservation and expansion of the region's water resource. This synthesis reviews the state of our knowledge and condition of water resources in the Pacific Northwest. Keywords: Water distribution, flow regimes, water demand, conflicts, tools, water use. Title: A review of scientific information on issues related to the use and management of water resources in the Pacific Northwest Year: 2004 Abstract Everest, Fred H.; Stouder, Deanna J.; Kakoyannis, Christina; Houston, Laurie; Stankey, George; Kline, Jeffery; Alig, Ralph. 2004. A review of scientific information on issues related to the use and management of water resources in the Pacific Northwest. Gen. Tech. Rep. PNW-GTR-595. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station. 128 p. Fresh water is a valuable and essential commodity in the Pacific Northwest States, specifically Oregon, Washington, and Idaho, and one provided abundantly by forested watersheds in the region. The maintenance and growth of industrial, municipal, agricultural, and recreational activities in the region are dependent on adequate and sustainable supplies of fresh water from surface and ground-water sources. Future development, especially in the semiarid intermountain area, depends on the conservation and expansion of the region's water resource. This synthesis reviews the state of our knowledge and condition of water resources in the Pacific Northwest. Keywords: Water distribution, flow regimes, water demand, conflicts, tools, water use. Close

• 52. [Image] Crater Lake limnological studies: final report

  	ill., maps; July 1993."; "Cooperative Park Studies Unit, College of Forestry, Oregon State University."; Includes bibliographical references.; This title is a culmination of the first 10-years of the Crater ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Crater Lake limnological studies: final report Author: Gary L. Larson; McIntire, David C.; Jacobs, Ruth W; Year: 1993, 2009 ill., maps; July 1993."; "Cooperative Park Studies Unit, College of Forestry, Oregon State University."; Includes bibliographical references.; This title is a culmination of the first 10-years of the Crater Lake limnological studies and a long-term monitoring proposal to investigate new hypotheses. Title: Crater Lake limnological studies: final report Author: Gary L. Larson; McIntire, David C.; Jacobs, Ruth W; Year: 1993, 2009 ill., maps; July 1993."; "Cooperative Park Studies Unit, College of Forestry, Oregon State University."; Includes bibliographical references.; This title is a culmination of the first 10-years of the Crater Lake limnological studies and a long-term monitoring proposal to investigate new hypotheses. Close

• 53. [Image] Geographical analysis of Klamath Lakes

  	Undergraduate student project, Writing 227, Technical Writing
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Geographical analysis of Klamath Lakes Author: Zuschlag, Cody E. Year: 2004, 2005 Undergraduate student project, Writing 227, Technical Writing Title: Geographical analysis of Klamath Lakes Author: Zuschlag, Cody E. Year: 2004, 2005 Undergraduate student project, Writing 227, Technical Writing Close

• 54. [Image] Klamath Straits Drain Enlargement, Lower Klamath Lake Division - Specs. 200C-922, Patterson Construction Company, Contractor

  	P-12-200-4158NA Klamath Project - Oregon-California. View of drain pipe in trench. The operator raised the coulters for this view. Photo shows 8-inch pipe about 6.5 ft. below natural ground surface. ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Klamath Straits Drain Enlargement, Lower Klamath Lake Division - Specs. 200C-922, Patterson Construction Company, Contractor Author: United States. Bureau of Reclamation, Stein, D.W. Year: 1976, 2009, 2006 P-12-200-4158NA Klamath Project - Oregon-California. View of drain pipe in trench. The operator raised the coulters for this view. Photo shows 8-inch pipe about 6.5 ft. below natural ground surface. Small amount of water was noted seeping into trench. Drain line presently running approximately 4 gals. per minute; May 1976; USBR photo by D. W. Stein Title: Klamath Straits Drain Enlargement, Lower Klamath Lake Division - Specs. 200C-922, Patterson Construction Company, Contractor Author: United States. Bureau of Reclamation, Stein, D.W. Year: 1976, 2009, 2006 P-12-200-4158NA Klamath Project - Oregon-California. View of drain pipe in trench. The operator raised the coulters for this view. Photo shows 8-inch pipe about 6.5 ft. below natural ground surface. Small amount of water was noted seeping into trench. Drain line presently running approximately 4 gals. per minute; May 1976; USBR photo by D. W. Stein Close

• 55. [Image] Cascadia : a quarterly publication of the Oregon Department of Geology & Mineral Industries, volume 2, number 1 (Winter/Spring 2002)

  	Water and geology: how does geology control where you find and how you use water? / Roddey, James -- Through the eyes of the state geologist / Beaulieu, John D. -- What is groundwater? -- Geology and groundwater ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Cascadia : a quarterly publication of the Oregon Department of Geology & Mineral Industries, volume 2, number 1 (Winter/Spring 2002) Author: Oregon. Dept. of Geology and Mineral Industries Year: 2002, 2005 Water and geology: how does geology control where you find and how you use water? / Roddey, James -- Through the eyes of the state geologist / Beaulieu, John D. -- What is groundwater? -- Geology and groundwater -- Who owns and manages Oregon's water? -- Recent geologic efforts related to groundwater -- A groundwater case study: Catherine Creek and the Upper Grande Ronde Valley -- McKenzie - Willamette River confluence project Title: Cascadia : a quarterly publication of the Oregon Department of Geology & Mineral Industries, volume 2, number 1 (Winter/Spring 2002) Author: Oregon. Dept. of Geology and Mineral Industries Year: 2002, 2005 Water and geology: how does geology control where you find and how you use water? / Roddey, James -- Through the eyes of the state geologist / Beaulieu, John D. -- What is groundwater? -- Geology and groundwater -- Who owns and manages Oregon's water? -- Recent geologic efforts related to groundwater -- A groundwater case study: Catherine Creek and the Upper Grande Ronde Valley -- McKenzie - Willamette River confluence project Close

• 56. [Image] Freshwater supply : states' views of how federal agencies could help them meet the challenges of expected shortages : report to Congressional Requesters

  	"July 2003."; "GAO-03-514."
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Freshwater supply : states' views of how federal agencies could help them meet the challenges of expected shortages : report to Congressional Requesters Author: United States. General Accounting Office Year: 2003, 2005 "July 2003."; "GAO-03-514." Title: Freshwater supply : states' views of how federal agencies could help them meet the challenges of expected shortages : report to Congressional Requesters Author: United States. General Accounting Office Year: 2003, 2005 "July 2003."; "GAO-03-514." Close

• 57. [Image] Undepleted natural flow of the upper Klamath River : natural inflow to, natural losses from, and natural outfall of Upper Klamath Lake to the Link River and of Lower Klamath Lake to the Klamath River at Keno

  	A monthly natural flow history was determined for the 1949 to 2000 period at the Keno gage of the Upper Klamath River basin in south-central Oregon. Included within the evaluation is an assessment of natural ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Undepleted natural flow of the upper Klamath River : natural inflow to, natural losses from, and natural outfall of Upper Klamath Lake to the Link River and of Lower Klamath Lake to the Klamath River at Keno Author: United States. Bureau of Reclamation. Denver Office. Technical Service Center Year: 2005, 2004 A monthly natural flow history was determined for the 1949 to 2000 period at the Keno gage of the Upper Klamath River basin in south-central Oregon. Included within the evaluation is an assessment of natural flows for the same period at the outfall of Upper Klamath Lake, which forms the head of the Link River at Klamath Falls, Oregon. Flow past the Link River gage is tributary to the Klamath River above Lower Klamath Lake. These natural flows were determined using standard and accepted methods. Records used in developing this analysis were derived from stream-gaging records and from climatic records for stations within and adjacent to the study area. Information was also obtained from published maps and reports, and file documents of the Klamath Area Office. Currently, received comments are being addressed and evaluation of elements related to these comments is in progress. The objective of this report is to provide a representative estimate of the monthly natural flow of the Upper Klamath River. Such an estimate is of the natural flow that would typically have occurred without the water-resources developments in the Upper Klamath Basin. A water-budget assessment was used in the determination of the natural flows. The assessment includes results from an evaluation of present-day irrigation depletions, and losses from reclaimed marshland, that have changed the natural inflow to, and resulting natural outfall from, Upper Klamath Lake. Also evaluated were losses to the natural inflow that would have been incurred due to pre-development marshland and evaporation associated with Upper Klamath Lake. The natural outfall from the lake comprised the natural flow of the Link River at Klamath Falls and also the consequent natural inflow to Lower Klamath Lake. Therefore, a similar evaluation was also completed for Lower Klamath Lake to estimate the natural flow of the Klamath River at Keno. The water-budget assessment was designed to simulate each lake as a natural water body within a stream-connected two-lake system. Much of the assessment was completed using Excel. Title: Undepleted natural flow of the upper Klamath River : natural inflow to, natural losses from, and natural outfall of Upper Klamath Lake to the Link River and of Lower Klamath Lake to the Klamath River at Keno Author: United States. Bureau of Reclamation. Denver Office. Technical Service Center Year: 2005, 2004 A monthly natural flow history was determined for the 1949 to 2000 period at the Keno gage of the Upper Klamath River basin in south-central Oregon. Included within the evaluation is an assessment of natural flows for the same period at the outfall of Upper Klamath Lake, which forms the head of the Link River at Klamath Falls, Oregon. Flow past the Link River gage is tributary to the Klamath River above Lower Klamath Lake. These natural flows were determined using standard and accepted methods. Records used in developing this analysis were derived from stream-gaging records and from climatic records for stations within and adjacent to the study area. Information was also obtained from published maps and reports, and file documents of the Klamath Area Office. Currently, received comments are being addressed and evaluation of elements related to these comments is in progress. The objective of this report is to provide a representative estimate of the monthly natural flow of the Upper Klamath River. Such an estimate is of the natural flow that would typically have occurred without the water-resources developments in the Upper Klamath Basin. A water-budget assessment was used in the determination of the natural flows. The assessment includes results from an evaluation of present-day irrigation depletions, and losses from reclaimed marshland, that have changed the natural inflow to, and resulting natural outfall from, Upper Klamath Lake. Also evaluated were losses to the natural inflow that would have been incurred due to pre-development marshland and evaporation associated with Upper Klamath Lake. The natural outfall from the lake comprised the natural flow of the Link River at Klamath Falls and also the consequent natural inflow to Lower Klamath Lake. Therefore, a similar evaluation was also completed for Lower Klamath Lake to estimate the natural flow of the Klamath River at Keno. The water-budget assessment was designed to simulate each lake as a natural water body within a stream-connected two-lake system. Much of the assessment was completed using Excel. Close

• 58. [Image] Trout Needs Trees

  	This print divides the main picture plane from the surrounding decorative border of images geometrically. The main picture plane, a vertical rectangle, occupies the center of the piece, and it depicts ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Trout Needs Trees Author: Cunningham, Dennis, 1949- Year: 1975 This print divides the main picture plane from the surrounding decorative border of images geometrically. The main picture plane, a vertical rectangle, occupies the center of the piece, and it depicts a man standing at the edge of the water with a fishing pole. Beneath the surface of the water, several fish swim amongst a downed tree.Two horizontal rectangles flank the upper and lower sections of the piece, and the main picture plane is flanked by a series of squares and rectangles. The shapes that create the border around the main picture plane contain a conglomeration of fishing equipment, geometric shapes, and landscape elements. Title: Trout Needs Trees Author: Cunningham, Dennis, 1949- Year: 1975 This print divides the main picture plane from the surrounding decorative border of images geometrically. The main picture plane, a vertical rectangle, occupies the center of the piece, and it depicts a man standing at the edge of the water with a fishing pole. Beneath the surface of the water, several fish swim amongst a downed tree.Two horizontal rectangles flank the upper and lower sections of the piece, and the main picture plane is flanked by a series of squares and rectangles. The shapes that create the border around the main picture plane contain a conglomeration of fishing equipment, geometric shapes, and landscape elements. Close

• 59. [Image] Wild Future/Wet Hands

  	This print divides the main picture plane from the surrounding decorative border of images geometrically. The main picture plane, a vertical rectangle, occupies the center of the piece, and it depicts ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Wild Future/Wet Hands Author: Cunningham, Dennis, 1949- Year: 1975 This print divides the main picture plane from the surrounding decorative border of images geometrically. The main picture plane, a vertical rectangle, occupies the center of the piece, and it depicts a man standing in water with a fishing pole. Beneath the surface of the water, a thick hand grabs a fish by the tail.Two horizontal rectangles flank the upper and lower sections of the piece, and the main picture plane is flanked by a series of squares and rectangles. The shapes that create the border around the main picture plane contain a conglomeration of fishing equipment, geometric shapes, and landscape elements. Title: Wild Future/Wet Hands Author: Cunningham, Dennis, 1949- Year: 1975 This print divides the main picture plane from the surrounding decorative border of images geometrically. The main picture plane, a vertical rectangle, occupies the center of the piece, and it depicts a man standing in water with a fishing pole. Beneath the surface of the water, a thick hand grabs a fish by the tail.Two horizontal rectangles flank the upper and lower sections of the piece, and the main picture plane is flanked by a series of squares and rectangles. The shapes that create the border around the main picture plane contain a conglomeration of fishing equipment, geometric shapes, and landscape elements. Close

• 60. [Image] Klamath Project annual history, 1952

  	Klamath Project (United States); Water use -- Klamath River Watershed (Oregon and California); Water resources development -- Klamath River Watershed (Oregon and California); Irrigation --Klamath River ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Klamath Project annual history, 1952 Author: United States. Bureau of Reclamation Year: 1952, 2008, 2007 Klamath Project (United States); Water use -- Klamath River Watershed (Oregon and California); Water resources development -- Klamath River Watershed (Oregon and California); Irrigation --Klamath River Watershed (Oregon and California); Klamath River (Oregon and California); Klamath River Watershed (Oregon and California) -- History Title: Klamath Project annual history, 1952 Author: United States. Bureau of Reclamation Year: 1952, 2008, 2007 Klamath Project (United States); Water use -- Klamath River Watershed (Oregon and California); Water resources development -- Klamath River Watershed (Oregon and California); Irrigation --Klamath River Watershed (Oregon and California); Klamath River (Oregon and California); Klamath River Watershed (Oregon and California) -- History Close

• 61. [Image] An airplane school

  	Our airplane school scattered in different parts of the country are among our most active training centers. This view on the field of the aviation school at Mineola, N.Y. indicates the activities at these ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: An airplane school Year: 1900 Our airplane school scattered in different parts of the country are among our most active training centers. This view on the field of the aviation school at Mineola, N.Y. indicates the activities at these camps. This new phase of army training has assumed the greatest importance. Probably more depends on aviation than any other single element in modern warfare. Not only are the aviators the eyes of the army and navy, but they are a powerful and effective fighting force with their machine guns and bombs. With a sudden sally they can swoop down on a relief column back of the enemy’s lines and decimate its ranks cutting off the reinforcements intended for the hard pressed front. They can blow up ammunition depots, supply stations, and even munition works far behind the opposing lines. Curiously enough, on the sea they are the worst enemy of the submarine whose presence far beneath the surface of the water they can detect like a fish hawk and drop their depth bombs without danger to themselves. Air supremacy will greatly hasten our complete victory over the diabolical forces confronting us, so we must speed the construction of machines and the training of men for this work. Title: An airplane school Year: 1900 Our airplane school scattered in different parts of the country are among our most active training centers. This view on the field of the aviation school at Mineola, N.Y. indicates the activities at these camps. This new phase of army training has assumed the greatest importance. Probably more depends on aviation than any other single element in modern warfare. Not only are the aviators the eyes of the army and navy, but they are a powerful and effective fighting force with their machine guns and bombs. With a sudden sally they can swoop down on a relief column back of the enemy’s lines and decimate its ranks cutting off the reinforcements intended for the hard pressed front. They can blow up ammunition depots, supply stations, and even munition works far behind the opposing lines. Curiously enough, on the sea they are the worst enemy of the submarine whose presence far beneath the surface of the water they can detect like a fish hawk and drop their depth bombs without danger to themselves. Air supremacy will greatly hasten our complete victory over the diabolical forces confronting us, so we must speed the construction of machines and the training of men for this work. Close

• 62. [Image] PH003_N23 Roy C. Andrews photographs; PH003_P23

  	Black and white image. Two women and one man stand on a boat looking out into a glacier-filled landscape. The people stand near the boat's grated metal railing. The women are dressed in hats and long ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: PH003_N23 Roy C. Andrews photographs; PH003_P23 Year: 1926 Black and white image. Two women and one man stand on a boat looking out into a glacier-filled landscape. The people stand near the boat's grated metal railing. The women are dressed in hats and long coats with large fur collars. The man is dressed in a jacket with a raised collar, trousers, and a hat that appears to be part of a military, or shipping uniform. A large metal hook attached to metal chain links are suspended by cables on the left side of the image. The hook is attached to a thick piece of rope. A wooden ramp draped with rope is visible next to the boat's railing. In the background of the image ice floats on the surface of the water in front of large, jagged glaciers. Title: PH003_N23 Roy C. Andrews photographs; PH003_P23 Year: 1926 Black and white image. Two women and one man stand on a boat looking out into a glacier-filled landscape. The people stand near the boat's grated metal railing. The women are dressed in hats and long coats with large fur collars. The man is dressed in a jacket with a raised collar, trousers, and a hat that appears to be part of a military, or shipping uniform. A large metal hook attached to metal chain links are suspended by cables on the left side of the image. The hook is attached to a thick piece of rope. A wooden ramp draped with rope is visible next to the boat's railing. In the background of the image ice floats on the surface of the water in front of large, jagged glaciers. Close

• 63. [Image] Water rights in Oregon : an introduction to Oregon's water laws and water rights system

  	CONTENTS THE WATER RESOURCES COMMISSION AND DEPARTMENT 1c "To serve the public by practicing and promoting wise long-term water management. " 1.¨REGON WATER LAWS 22 water management in Oregon 2.°ATER PROTECTIONS ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Water rights in Oregon : an introduction to Oregon's water laws and water rights system Author: Oregon. Water Resources Dept. Year: 2004, 2005 CONTENTS THE WATER RESOURCES COMMISSION AND DEPARTMENT 1c "To serve the public by practicing and promoting wise long-term water management. " 1.¨REGON WATER LAWS 22 water management in Oregon 2.°ATER PROTECTIONS AND RESTRICTIONS 262011 managing water appropriations 3.¨BTAINING NEW WATER RIGHTS 185 gaining authorization to use water 4.¨THER WATER RIGHTS 197 authorization for water use 5.­RANSFERRING WATER RIGHTS 1c1 existing rights for new uses 6.SANCELLING WATER RIGHTS 1c5 loss of water rights through non-use 7.SONSERVATION 1c8 encouraging efficient water use 8.xINDING WATER RIGHTS 1d1 determining if you have a water right 9.°ATER DISTRIBUTION AND ENFORCEMENT 1d2 watermasters and field staff protecting rights and resources 10.«EGION OFFICES AND WATERMASTER DISTRICTS 1d4 11.xEES 1d6 APPENDIX A 1d7 other development permits WATER RIGHTS IN OREGON Title: Water rights in Oregon : an introduction to Oregon's water laws and water rights system Author: Oregon. Water Resources Dept. Year: 2004, 2005 CONTENTS THE WATER RESOURCES COMMISSION AND DEPARTMENT 1c "To serve the public by practicing and promoting wise long-term water management. " 1.¨REGON WATER LAWS 22 water management in Oregon 2.°ATER PROTECTIONS AND RESTRICTIONS 262011 managing water appropriations 3.¨BTAINING NEW WATER RIGHTS 185 gaining authorization to use water 4.¨THER WATER RIGHTS 197 authorization for water use 5.­RANSFERRING WATER RIGHTS 1c1 existing rights for new uses 6.SANCELLING WATER RIGHTS 1c5 loss of water rights through non-use 7.SONSERVATION 1c8 encouraging efficient water use 8.xINDING WATER RIGHTS 1d1 determining if you have a water right 9.°ATER DISTRIBUTION AND ENFORCEMENT 1d2 watermasters and field staff protecting rights and resources 10.«EGION OFFICES AND WATERMASTER DISTRICTS 1d4 11.xEES 1d6 APPENDIX A 1d7 other development permits WATER RIGHTS IN OREGON Close

• 64. [Image] Crater Lake National Park, Oregon : final development concept plan/amendment to the general management plan, environmental impact statement

  	ill., maps; "June 1995;" Includes bibliographical references and index; NPS D-35; FES 95-27; Also available via Internet as PDF file through Southern Oregon Digital Archives: http://soda.sou.edu. Search ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Crater Lake National Park, Oregon : final development concept plan/amendment to the general management plan, environmental impact statement Author: United States. National Park Service. Denver Service Center Year: 1995, 2008 ill., maps; "June 1995;" Includes bibliographical references and index; NPS D-35; FES 95-27; Also available via Internet as PDF file through Southern Oregon Digital Archives: http://soda.sou.edu. Search Bioregion Collection Title: Crater Lake National Park, Oregon : final development concept plan/amendment to the general management plan, environmental impact statement Author: United States. National Park Service. Denver Service Center Year: 1995, 2008 ill., maps; "June 1995;" Includes bibliographical references and index; NPS D-35; FES 95-27; Also available via Internet as PDF file through Southern Oregon Digital Archives: http://soda.sou.edu. Search Bioregion Collection Close

• 65. [Image] Ecology of streams of Crater Lake National Park

  	ill., maps; Final report to the U.S. Dept. of the Interior, National Park Service under cooperative agreement no. CA 9000-3-0003, subagreement no. 9.; "October 30, 1987.";
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Ecology of streams of Crater Lake National Park Author: Gregory, Stan Year: 1987, 2009 ill., maps; Final report to the U.S. Dept. of the Interior, National Park Service under cooperative agreement no. CA 9000-3-0003, subagreement no. 9.; "October 30, 1987."; Title: Ecology of streams of Crater Lake National Park Author: Gregory, Stan Year: 1987, 2009 ill., maps; Final report to the U.S. Dept. of the Interior, National Park Service under cooperative agreement no. CA 9000-3-0003, subagreement no. 9.; "October 30, 1987."; Close

• 66. [Image] The vertical distribution of a deep-water moss and its epiphytes in Crater Lake, Oregon

  	ill., map; Report title; Includes bibliographical references
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The vertical distribution of a deep-water moss and its epiphytes in Crater Lake, Oregon Author: McIntire, C. David Year: 1990, 2008 ill., map; Report title; Includes bibliographical references Title: The vertical distribution of a deep-water moss and its epiphytes in Crater Lake, Oregon Author: McIntire, C. David Year: 1990, 2008 ill., map; Report title; Includes bibliographical references Close

• 67. [Image] Surface water-supply of the United States. pt. 11. Pacific slope basins in California

  	Includes Klamath River Basin; Chiefly tables; Includes indexes; Prepared in cooperation with the states and other agencies
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Surface water-supply of the United States. pt. 11. Pacific slope basins in California Author: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Geological Survey Year: 1910, 2008, 2005 Includes Klamath River Basin; Chiefly tables; Includes indexes; Prepared in cooperation with the states and other agencies Title: Surface water-supply of the United States. pt. 11. Pacific slope basins in California Author: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Geological Survey Year: 1910, 2008, 2005 Includes Klamath River Basin; Chiefly tables; Includes indexes; Prepared in cooperation with the states and other agencies Close

• 68. [Image] Groundwater investigation of Bonanza Springs, Yonna, Poe and Langel valleys

  	PURPOSE, SCOPE AND METHODOLOGY A reconnaissance study was designed to collect, compile, and analyze data to determine if ground-water use would interfere with surface water sources near Big Bonanza Springs. ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Groundwater investigation of Bonanza Springs, Yonna, Poe and Langel valleys Author: Gorman, Kyle G. Year: 1994, 2004 PURPOSE, SCOPE AND METHODOLOGY A reconnaissance study was designed to collect, compile, and analyze data to determine if ground-water use would interfere with surface water sources near Big Bonanza Springs. The study was to last one year from July 1992 to June 1993. Periodic water level measurements and stream flow measurements have been made since June 1993, to create a more complete data set. Water level measurements in selected wells were made periodically to determine groundwater level fluctuations over time. A continuous water level recorder was installed in one well in September 1992 and is currently scheduled to run until spring 1994, when its status will be evaluated. The emphasis on work in the local area around Bonanza included monthly water level measurements, Lost River stream flow measurements, and Bonanza Springs weir measurements. This area has the highest concentration of wells, both domestic and irrigation, and is of particular interest because of the large aggregate discharge of groundwater in a short reach of the Lost River. To quantify the discharge of the Bonanza Springs, wading stream flow measurements were made above and below the section of the Lost River where groundwater is known to discharge. The difference between the two measurements was assumed to give the discharge of the springs in that reach. To correlate the overall flow of Bonanza Springs to the direct measurement of some of the discharge points, various-sized rectangular weirs were placed in the northern channel of the springs in the Big Bonanza Springs Park. The comparison could then be made by making sets of measurements at all locations in a single day. The total potential use was determined by summing the number of cubic feet per second (cfs) on the pending applications filed with OWRD for the appropriation of groundwater in the area within the study boundaries. This area coincides with the valley lowland areas. The total maximum rate of appropriation under terms of existing permits was determined by valley only in Langell Valley for the 1992 irrigation season. This was done by summing the individual rates in permits for irrigation, stock and domestic purposes, if any. This total included all issued permits and emergency drought permits exclusively from groundwater. Sample drill cuttings were collected from wells under construction during the study period within the study boundaries. The samples were examined in an effort to correlate geology defined in past studies with present knowledge. They were also used to conceptualize the subsurface geology. A video log of the well bore in which the continuous water level recorder was installed was done in early October 1992. Since this well was constructed prior to the requirement of a well drilling report, a video log of the rock types throughout the well bore was recorded. This information was important in evaluating static water level information also collected by the recorder. Title: Groundwater investigation of Bonanza Springs, Yonna, Poe and Langel valleys Author: Gorman, Kyle G. Year: 1994, 2004 PURPOSE, SCOPE AND METHODOLOGY A reconnaissance study was designed to collect, compile, and analyze data to determine if ground-water use would interfere with surface water sources near Big Bonanza Springs. The study was to last one year from July 1992 to June 1993. Periodic water level measurements and stream flow measurements have been made since June 1993, to create a more complete data set. Water level measurements in selected wells were made periodically to determine groundwater level fluctuations over time. A continuous water level recorder was installed in one well in September 1992 and is currently scheduled to run until spring 1994, when its status will be evaluated. The emphasis on work in the local area around Bonanza included monthly water level measurements, Lost River stream flow measurements, and Bonanza Springs weir measurements. This area has the highest concentration of wells, both domestic and irrigation, and is of particular interest because of the large aggregate discharge of groundwater in a short reach of the Lost River. To quantify the discharge of the Bonanza Springs, wading stream flow measurements were made above and below the section of the Lost River where groundwater is known to discharge. The difference between the two measurements was assumed to give the discharge of the springs in that reach. To correlate the overall flow of Bonanza Springs to the direct measurement of some of the discharge points, various-sized rectangular weirs were placed in the northern channel of the springs in the Big Bonanza Springs Park. The comparison could then be made by making sets of measurements at all locations in a single day. The total potential use was determined by summing the number of cubic feet per second (cfs) on the pending applications filed with OWRD for the appropriation of groundwater in the area within the study boundaries. This area coincides with the valley lowland areas. The total maximum rate of appropriation under terms of existing permits was determined by valley only in Langell Valley for the 1992 irrigation season. This was done by summing the individual rates in permits for irrigation, stock and domestic purposes, if any. This total included all issued permits and emergency drought permits exclusively from groundwater. Sample drill cuttings were collected from wells under construction during the study period within the study boundaries. The samples were examined in an effort to correlate geology defined in past studies with present knowledge. They were also used to conceptualize the subsurface geology. A video log of the well bore in which the continuous water level recorder was installed was done in early October 1992. Since this well was constructed prior to the requirement of a well drilling report, a video log of the rock types throughout the well bore was recorded. This information was important in evaluating static water level information also collected by the recorder. Close

• 69. [Image] Natural flow of the upper Klamath River

  	Executive Summary Executive Summary This report presents details of the investigation and results in estimating the natural flow of the upper Klamath River at Keno, Oregon. The area investigated includes ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Natural flow of the upper Klamath River Author: United States. Bureau of Reclamation. Klamath Basin Area Office Year: 2005, 2008 Executive Summary Executive Summary This report presents details of the investigation and results in estimating the natural flow of the upper Klamath River at Keno, Oregon. The area investigated includes the Klamath River Basin above Keno, Oregon, primarily in Klamath County, with some areas of Siskiyou and Modoc Counties in California. The study area includes the Sprague, Williamson, and Wood River basins, as well as Upper Klamath and Lower Klamath Lakes. Objectives The current purpose of this study is to provide an estimate of the monthly natural flows in the upper Klamath River at Keno. This estimate of the natural flow represents typical flow without agricultural development in the Upper Klamath River Basin, including its tributaries. Study Approach This study used a water budget approach to assess the agricultural depletions and alterations to the natural flow. The approach was to evaluate the changes of agriculture from predevelopment conditions, estimate the effects of these changes, and restore the water budget to natural conditions by reversing the effects of agricultural development. Records used in this empirical assessment were derived from both stream gaging flow histories and from climatological records for stations within and adjacent to the study area. Water Budget Description The water budget assessment of the watershed as a natural system includes an evaluation of hydrological changes related to agricultural development above the Keno gage. The water budget assessment includes: ? Natural inflow from the Sprague, Williamson, and Wood Rivers to Upper Klamath Lake ? Predevelopment evapotranspiration losses from marshes surrounding Upper Klamath Lake ? Predevelopment evaporation losses of the Upper Klamath Lake ? Natural flow at the outlet of Upper Klamath Lake into the Link River at Klamath Falls ? Resulting natural flow at Keno The processes developed in the water budget to evaluate the natural outflow of Upper Klamath Lake accounts for factors related to water resources developments XI Natural Flow of the Upper Klamath River in the watershed that have affected inflow to the lake, and for losses due to natural condition of the lake. The water budget assessment of the watershed as a natural system includes an evaluation of hydrological changes related to agricultural development above the Keno gage. The results of the water budget assessment are given as average annual flows for two important stream gages, one located on the Link River at Klamath Falls and the other on the Klamath River at Keno. Evaluation of Predevelopment Conditions An evaluation of predevelopment conditions included an evaluation of changes to Upper Klamath Lake, agricultural developments in the Wood River, Sprague River, and Williamson River watersheds. Several basic elements were considered in this study: ? How had development changed the system ? Was information available about conditions before the changes occurred ? Were data available to assist in estimating changes to the natural system Evaluation of Current Conditions Period of Record The period of record considered in this investigation is the 52 years from 1949 to 2000. This period of record was chosen because hydrologic and climatological data were limited for the pre-1949 period and data beyond 2000 were not available when the study began. The water year convention (October through September) is used in this report. Crop and Marshland Evapotranspiration Analysis The modified Blaney-Criddle method was used to determine potential net evapotranspiration (ET) from crops, marshlands, and riparian zones. The method is empirical and the calculated values were adjusted based on other recent study findings and water limiting considerations. To estimate net ET water consumption by this method requires the following data: ? Location of irrigated lands, marshlands, and riparian zones ? Types of crops and number of acres for each crop ? Types and acreages of marshland and riparian vegetation, both existing and predevelopment ? Monthly precipitation and monthly average temperature for the period of record for each area Methods to Estimate Natural Flows Natural streamflow development included adjustment of gaged streamflow to natural flow, restoration of missing streamflow and climate data, making natural streamflow estimates in ungaged watersheds, assessing groundwater XII Executive Summary contributions, and estimating transit losses. Not all of these procedures were appropriate or possible in all subbasins of the study area. Records of historic flow may be adjusted to natural flow using crop net consumptive use and marshland evapotranspiration: natural flow = gaged flow + crop net consumptive use - reclaimed natural marshland net evapotranspiration Correlation analysis was used to restore missing values from monthly-value data records used in this study. The method is different from linear least-squares regression estimation. Data records used in this study include precipitation and average temperature histories, in addition to hydrologic records of streamflow and lake stage. Also, natural streamflow histories are required in ungaged watersheds to assess the natural inflow to Upper Klamath Lake. Sparse monthly flow records for streams heading on the east flank of the Cascades and flowing into the Wood River Valley or Pelican Bay area of Upper Klamath Lake required estimation techniques that used gaged histories from nearby river basins. These data were evaluated in statistical applications to yield natural flow estimates for these ungaged portions of the Klamath Basin. In a similar vein, groundwater contributions required temporal adjustments attributable to the climate signature evident in longer term records for similar groundwater discharges in neighboring watersheds. Transit losses for both surface water and groundwater contributions were also estimated in this study. Natural Lake Simulations Implementation of a water budget for Upper Klamath Lake required developing information about (1) the storage and inundation surface area characteristics of the lake, and (2) the discharge characteristics at the outflow point of the lake. These characteristics were evaluated in relation to the elevation, or stage, of the water surface of the lake. Additionally, discharge from the lake was also related to the stage. Estimating the outflow of a natural lake is accomplished using a water budget approach. A monthly summation of all elements in the water budget may be stated by the general form of the hydrologic equation: i = o + As where i = inflow to the lake o = outflow from the lake and As = change in storage of the lake XIII Natural Flow of the Upper Klamath River For Upper Klamath Lake, the month-to-month water budget accounts for natural inflow, storage of water within each lake, resulting estimated lake stage, and discharge from each lake. In addition, open water surface evaporation and groundwater discharge to the lake from the regional aquifer were estimated. The water budget assessment was designed to simulate the lake as a natural water body. Materials and Data Researched and Used Data Sources Records used in this analysis were derived from both stream gaging flow histories and from climatological records for stations within and adjacent to the study area. Information was also developed from published reports, file documents, and maps. Supporting information included documents from: ? Archives of the Bureau of Reclamation Klamath Basin Area Office ? Numerous U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Water Supply Papers regarding stream gaging records ? Compact disk databases containing digital records of gaged flow, lake stage records, and meteorological data Anecdotal items from newspaper articles or clipped from magazines were also reviewed. These sources consisted of narratives of past events or conditions, transcripts of interviews, newspaper accounts, books, diaries, and historical journals. These provided an impression of predevelopment conditions that can be compared to the empirical and scientific information gleaned from other sources. Other reviewed materials included unpublished and out-of-print scientific reports, historical maps, letters, books, journals, and photographs. Modeling Tools Results of the water budget assessment were accomplished using Excel?, a sophisticated spreadsheet available in the Microsoft Office for Windows software package. This model was chosen over other models because this study is unique. The computational modules built as the study developed represent a custom application of Excel? to the solution of estimating the natural flow conditions in the Upper Klamath River Basin. Klamath River at Keno Gaging Station For the simulation period, 1949 to 2000, the water balance for the Upper Klamath River Basin at Keno is described below. The natural outflow (discharge) from Upper Klamath Lake at Link River was computed in the water balance. Discharge at Keno was then calculated using a correlation relationship developed between historic measured Link River and Keno flows. Table S-l presents the estimated water balance and outflow developed for the Link River and Keno gages. XIV Executive Summary Table S-1. Estimated inflow and outflow developed for Link River and Keno gages Upper Klamath Lake Acre-feet Average annual natural inflow Average annual natural net loss 1,605,000 210,000 Resulting average annual natural outflow 1,395,000 Link River to Keno Average annual natural inflow 1,485,000 Resulting average annual natural outflow at Keno gage 1,306,000 Other Factors Considered The focus of this study is agricultural development in the Upper Klamath River Basin and its effects on natural flow conditions. Other watershed factors have changed since predevelopment. Some of these factors were considered, but are unaccounted-for in the assessment, such as changes in forest conditions or an extension of the flow histories before 1949. Model Review and Sensitivity Analysis Although this study uses best available hydrologic methods and data to either measure or estimate all inflows and outflows to the system, additional concerns have arisen in completing the work. Relationships regarding the significance of uncertainty are likely to be spatially and temporally variable. The key factor is the relative importance of each module in the transit losses suffered by inflows to the natural system. The significance of these influences to model sensitivity is related to time of year or length of time over which flows are evaluated. Model sensitivity is related to uncertainty in data regarding the most significant transit losses; namely, marsh evapotranspiration and open water evaporation. The natural flows developed at Keno are realized, in part, through a statistical rule based model rather than a physically based model. This construct within the model is for the segment from the Link River gage below Upper Klamath Lake, to the Keno gage below Lower Klamath Lake. Thus, sensitivity in testing the spatial and temporal variables within the Link River to Keno reach that affect the flow at Keno is problematic. xv Natural Flow of the Upper Klamath River Summary Development of the natural flows at the Keno gage was accomplished using a spreadsheet modeling approach to resolve the water budget for the Upper Klamath River Basin under undeveloped watershed conditions. The resulting flow duration for simulated natural average monthly flows for Keno gage are described in Table S-2. The percentiles represent the flow exceedence ranges in monthly natural flow estimates at Keno solely due to record length. These percentiles are estimates for modeled baseline conditions and do not reflect data uncertainties for possible changes in evaporation, evapotranspiration, or other factors. Table S-2. Summary of simulated monthly flows at Keno in cfs % Time <= Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sept Annual % Time >= 10 648 1088 1216 1408 1647 1577 1670 1408 1168 631 520 560 1188 90 20 769 1159 1352 1472 1767 1689 2017 1721 1358 822 578 616 1429 80 30 857 1255 1453 1667 1925 1907 2125 2051 1664 964 706 720 1528 70 40 974 1342 1625 1845 2016 2040 2477 2280 1890 1228 767 746 1607 60 50 1033 1455 1698 1964 2343 2133 2595 2649 2039 1349 873 854 1773 50 60 1131 1523 1803 2072 2410 2360 3009 2827 2388 1478 998 955 1903 40 70 1224 1576 1984 2196 2615 2703 3146 3131 2657 1706 1154 1049 2169 30 80 1304 1739 2049 2399 2829 3115 3615 3385 3104 2210 1351 1210 2347 20 90 1488 1815 2319 2659 3294 3367 3877 3707 3460 2923 1684 1412 2511 10 A simplified flowchart depicting the overall sources of included inflow and outflow variables has been completed as figure S-l, with average annual values shown from each source. XVI Title: Natural flow of the upper Klamath River Author: United States. Bureau of Reclamation. Klamath Basin Area Office Year: 2005, 2008 Executive Summary Executive Summary This report presents details of the investigation and results in estimating the natural flow of the upper Klamath River at Keno, Oregon. The area investigated includes the Klamath River Basin above Keno, Oregon, primarily in Klamath County, with some areas of Siskiyou and Modoc Counties in California. The study area includes the Sprague, Williamson, and Wood River basins, as well as Upper Klamath and Lower Klamath Lakes. Objectives The current purpose of this study is to provide an estimate of the monthly natural flows in the upper Klamath River at Keno. This estimate of the natural flow represents typical flow without agricultural development in the Upper Klamath River Basin, including its tributaries. Study Approach This study used a water budget approach to assess the agricultural depletions and alterations to the natural flow. The approach was to evaluate the changes of agriculture from predevelopment conditions, estimate the effects of these changes, and restore the water budget to natural conditions by reversing the effects of agricultural development. Records used in this empirical assessment were derived from both stream gaging flow histories and from climatological records for stations within and adjacent to the study area. Water Budget Description The water budget assessment of the watershed as a natural system includes an evaluation of hydrological changes related to agricultural development above the Keno gage. The water budget assessment includes: ? Natural inflow from the Sprague, Williamson, and Wood Rivers to Upper Klamath Lake ? Predevelopment evapotranspiration losses from marshes surrounding Upper Klamath Lake ? Predevelopment evaporation losses of the Upper Klamath Lake ? Natural flow at the outlet of Upper Klamath Lake into the Link River at Klamath Falls ? Resulting natural flow at Keno The processes developed in the water budget to evaluate the natural outflow of Upper Klamath Lake accounts for factors related to water resources developments XI Natural Flow of the Upper Klamath River in the watershed that have affected inflow to the lake, and for losses due to natural condition of the lake. The water budget assessment of the watershed as a natural system includes an evaluation of hydrological changes related to agricultural development above the Keno gage. The results of the water budget assessment are given as average annual flows for two important stream gages, one located on the Link River at Klamath Falls and the other on the Klamath River at Keno. Evaluation of Predevelopment Conditions An evaluation of predevelopment conditions included an evaluation of changes to Upper Klamath Lake, agricultural developments in the Wood River, Sprague River, and Williamson River watersheds. Several basic elements were considered in this study: ? How had development changed the system ? Was information available about conditions before the changes occurred ? Were data available to assist in estimating changes to the natural system Evaluation of Current Conditions Period of Record The period of record considered in this investigation is the 52 years from 1949 to 2000. This period of record was chosen because hydrologic and climatological data were limited for the pre-1949 period and data beyond 2000 were not available when the study began. The water year convention (October through September) is used in this report. Crop and Marshland Evapotranspiration Analysis The modified Blaney-Criddle method was used to determine potential net evapotranspiration (ET) from crops, marshlands, and riparian zones. The method is empirical and the calculated values were adjusted based on other recent study findings and water limiting considerations. To estimate net ET water consumption by this method requires the following data: ? Location of irrigated lands, marshlands, and riparian zones ? Types of crops and number of acres for each crop ? Types and acreages of marshland and riparian vegetation, both existing and predevelopment ? Monthly precipitation and monthly average temperature for the period of record for each area Methods to Estimate Natural Flows Natural streamflow development included adjustment of gaged streamflow to natural flow, restoration of missing streamflow and climate data, making natural streamflow estimates in ungaged watersheds, assessing groundwater XII Executive Summary contributions, and estimating transit losses. Not all of these procedures were appropriate or possible in all subbasins of the study area. Records of historic flow may be adjusted to natural flow using crop net consumptive use and marshland evapotranspiration: natural flow = gaged flow + crop net consumptive use - reclaimed natural marshland net evapotranspiration Correlation analysis was used to restore missing values from monthly-value data records used in this study. The method is different from linear least-squares regression estimation. Data records used in this study include precipitation and average temperature histories, in addition to hydrologic records of streamflow and lake stage. Also, natural streamflow histories are required in ungaged watersheds to assess the natural inflow to Upper Klamath Lake. Sparse monthly flow records for streams heading on the east flank of the Cascades and flowing into the Wood River Valley or Pelican Bay area of Upper Klamath Lake required estimation techniques that used gaged histories from nearby river basins. These data were evaluated in statistical applications to yield natural flow estimates for these ungaged portions of the Klamath Basin. In a similar vein, groundwater contributions required temporal adjustments attributable to the climate signature evident in longer term records for similar groundwater discharges in neighboring watersheds. Transit losses for both surface water and groundwater contributions were also estimated in this study. Natural Lake Simulations Implementation of a water budget for Upper Klamath Lake required developing information about (1) the storage and inundation surface area characteristics of the lake, and (2) the discharge characteristics at the outflow point of the lake. These characteristics were evaluated in relation to the elevation, or stage, of the water surface of the lake. Additionally, discharge from the lake was also related to the stage. Estimating the outflow of a natural lake is accomplished using a water budget approach. A monthly summation of all elements in the water budget may be stated by the general form of the hydrologic equation: i = o + As where i = inflow to the lake o = outflow from the lake and As = change in storage of the lake XIII Natural Flow of the Upper Klamath River For Upper Klamath Lake, the month-to-month water budget accounts for natural inflow, storage of water within each lake, resulting estimated lake stage, and discharge from each lake. In addition, open water surface evaporation and groundwater discharge to the lake from the regional aquifer were estimated. The water budget assessment was designed to simulate the lake as a natural water body. Materials and Data Researched and Used Data Sources Records used in this analysis were derived from both stream gaging flow histories and from climatological records for stations within and adjacent to the study area. Information was also developed from published reports, file documents, and maps. Supporting information included documents from: ? Archives of the Bureau of Reclamation Klamath Basin Area Office ? Numerous U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Water Supply Papers regarding stream gaging records ? Compact disk databases containing digital records of gaged flow, lake stage records, and meteorological data Anecdotal items from newspaper articles or clipped from magazines were also reviewed. These sources consisted of narratives of past events or conditions, transcripts of interviews, newspaper accounts, books, diaries, and historical journals. These provided an impression of predevelopment conditions that can be compared to the empirical and scientific information gleaned from other sources. Other reviewed materials included unpublished and out-of-print scientific reports, historical maps, letters, books, journals, and photographs. Modeling Tools Results of the water budget assessment were accomplished using Excel?, a sophisticated spreadsheet available in the Microsoft Office for Windows software package. This model was chosen over other models because this study is unique. The computational modules built as the study developed represent a custom application of Excel? to the solution of estimating the natural flow conditions in the Upper Klamath River Basin. Klamath River at Keno Gaging Station For the simulation period, 1949 to 2000, the water balance for the Upper Klamath River Basin at Keno is described below. The natural outflow (discharge) from Upper Klamath Lake at Link River was computed in the water balance. Discharge at Keno was then calculated using a correlation relationship developed between historic measured Link River and Keno flows. Table S-l presents the estimated water balance and outflow developed for the Link River and Keno gages. XIV Executive Summary Table S-1. Estimated inflow and outflow developed for Link River and Keno gages Upper Klamath Lake Acre-feet Average annual natural inflow Average annual natural net loss 1,605,000 210,000 Resulting average annual natural outflow 1,395,000 Link River to Keno Average annual natural inflow 1,485,000 Resulting average annual natural outflow at Keno gage 1,306,000 Other Factors Considered The focus of this study is agricultural development in the Upper Klamath River Basin and its effects on natural flow conditions. Other watershed factors have changed since predevelopment. Some of these factors were considered, but are unaccounted-for in the assessment, such as changes in forest conditions or an extension of the flow histories before 1949. Model Review and Sensitivity Analysis Although this study uses best available hydrologic methods and data to either measure or estimate all inflows and outflows to the system, additional concerns have arisen in completing the work. Relationships regarding the significance of uncertainty are likely to be spatially and temporally variable. The key factor is the relative importance of each module in the transit losses suffered by inflows to the natural system. The significance of these influences to model sensitivity is related to time of year or length of time over which flows are evaluated. Model sensitivity is related to uncertainty in data regarding the most significant transit losses; namely, marsh evapotranspiration and open water evaporation. The natural flows developed at Keno are realized, in part, through a statistical rule based model rather than a physically based model. This construct within the model is for the segment from the Link River gage below Upper Klamath Lake, to the Keno gage below Lower Klamath Lake. Thus, sensitivity in testing the spatial and temporal variables within the Link River to Keno reach that affect the flow at Keno is problematic. xv Natural Flow of the Upper Klamath River Summary Development of the natural flows at the Keno gage was accomplished using a spreadsheet modeling approach to resolve the water budget for the Upper Klamath River Basin under undeveloped watershed conditions. The resulting flow duration for simulated natural average monthly flows for Keno gage are described in Table S-2. The percentiles represent the flow exceedence ranges in monthly natural flow estimates at Keno solely due to record length. These percentiles are estimates for modeled baseline conditions and do not reflect data uncertainties for possible changes in evaporation, evapotranspiration, or other factors. Table S-2. Summary of simulated monthly flows at Keno in cfs % Time <= Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sept Annual % Time >= 10 648 1088 1216 1408 1647 1577 1670 1408 1168 631 520 560 1188 90 20 769 1159 1352 1472 1767 1689 2017 1721 1358 822 578 616 1429 80 30 857 1255 1453 1667 1925 1907 2125 2051 1664 964 706 720 1528 70 40 974 1342 1625 1845 2016 2040 2477 2280 1890 1228 767 746 1607 60 50 1033 1455 1698 1964 2343 2133 2595 2649 2039 1349 873 854 1773 50 60 1131 1523 1803 2072 2410 2360 3009 2827 2388 1478 998 955 1903 40 70 1224 1576 1984 2196 2615 2703 3146 3131 2657 1706 1154 1049 2169 30 80 1304 1739 2049 2399 2829 3115 3615 3385 3104 2210 1351 1210 2347 20 90 1488 1815 2319 2659 3294 3367 3877 3707 3460 2923 1684 1412 2511 10 A simplified flowchart depicting the overall sources of included inflow and outflow variables has been completed as figure S-l, with average annual values shown from each source. XVI Close

• 70. [Image] Investigation of the extent and significance of petroleum hydrocarbon in Crater Lake: Crater Lake National Park, Oregon, U.S.A.

  	ill. (some color), maps; "Printed October 28, 1998." - T.p.; Bibliography: p. 29-35
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Investigation of the extent and significance of petroleum hydrocarbon in Crater Lake: Crater Lake National Park, Oregon, U.S.A. Author: Oros, Daniel R. Year: 1998, 2009 ill. (some color), maps; "Printed October 28, 1998." - T.p.; Bibliography: p. 29-35 Title: Investigation of the extent and significance of petroleum hydrocarbon in Crater Lake: Crater Lake National Park, Oregon, U.S.A. Author: Oros, Daniel R. Year: 1998, 2009 ill. (some color), maps; "Printed October 28, 1998." - T.p.; Bibliography: p. 29-35 Close

• 71. [Image] Water-resources appraisal of Crater Lake National Park, Oregon

  	ill., maps; Includes bibliographical references;
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Water-resources appraisal of Crater Lake National Park, Oregon Author: Frank, F. J. Year: 1969, 2008 ill., maps; Includes bibliographical references; Title: Water-resources appraisal of Crater Lake National Park, Oregon Author: Frank, F. J. Year: 1969, 2008 ill., maps; Includes bibliographical references; Close

• 72. [Image] A report on Crater Lake water quality: Crater Lake National Park, Oregon, 1988-1989

  	1982-2002; ill, maps; Report title; CA 9000-3-0003 Subagreement 8; Includes appendices: Crater Lake Liminological Studies 1988 and 1989; "Submitted by Robert E. Benton, Superintendent Crater Lake National ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: A report on Crater Lake water quality: Crater Lake National Park, Oregon, 1988-1989 Author: National Park Service, Crater Lake National Park Year: 1988, 2009 1982-2002; ill, maps; Report title; CA 9000-3-0003 Subagreement 8; Includes appendices: Crater Lake Liminological Studies 1988 and 1989; "Submitted by Robert E. Benton, Superintendent Crater Lake National Park." - T.p.; Includes bibliographical references; Issues lack volume numbering Title: A report on Crater Lake water quality: Crater Lake National Park, Oregon, 1988-1989 Author: National Park Service, Crater Lake National Park Year: 1988, 2009 1982-2002; ill, maps; Report title; CA 9000-3-0003 Subagreement 8; Includes appendices: Crater Lake Liminological Studies 1988 and 1989; "Submitted by Robert E. Benton, Superintendent Crater Lake National Park." - T.p.; Includes bibliographical references; Issues lack volume numbering Close

• 73. [Image] An Act to Authorize the Bureau of Reclamation to Conduct Certain Feasibility Studies to Augment Water Supplies for the Klamath Project, Oregon and California, and for Other Purposes

  	"Nov. 9, 2000, (S. 2882)."; "114 Stat. 2221."; "Public Law 106-498."
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: An Act to Authorize the Bureau of Reclamation to Conduct Certain Feasibility Studies to Augment Water Supplies for the Klamath Project, Oregon and California, and for Other Purposes Author: United States Year: 2000, 2005 "Nov. 9, 2000, (S. 2882)."; "114 Stat. 2221."; "Public Law 106-498." Title: An Act to Authorize the Bureau of Reclamation to Conduct Certain Feasibility Studies to Augment Water Supplies for the Klamath Project, Oregon and California, and for Other Purposes Author: United States Year: 2000, 2005 "Nov. 9, 2000, (S. 2882)."; "114 Stat. 2221."; "Public Law 106-498." Close

• 74. [Image] A geologic and hydrologic reconnaissance of Lava Beds National Monument and vicinity, California

  	A GEOLOGIC AND HYDROLOGIC RECONNAISSANCE OF LAVA BEDS NATIONAL MONUMENT AND VICINITY, CALIFORNIA By William R. Hotchkiss ABSTRACT Lava Beds National Monument is on the Modoc Plateau in Modoc and ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: A geologic and hydrologic reconnaissance of Lava Beds National Monument and vicinity, California Author: Hotchkiss, W. R Year: 1968, 2008, 2005 A GEOLOGIC AND HYDROLOGIC RECONNAISSANCE OF LAVA BEDS NATIONAL MONUMENT AND VICINITY, CALIFORNIA By William R. Hotchkiss ABSTRACT Lava Beds National Monument is on the Modoc Plateau in Modoc and Siskiyou Counties. The principal geologic units in the vicinity are volcanic rocks,, which in places are highly permeable, and poorly permeable lake sedimentary deposits, all probably post-Oligocene in age. Yields and specific capacities of wells in the unconfined water body within volcanic rocks and lake deposits range widely, but in general are low in the lake deposits and higher in the volcanic rocks. A confined water body, occurring in volcanic rocks underlying the lake deposits yields large quantities of water to three wells in the study area. Dissolved-solids content of ground water generally increases in proportion to the thickness of lake deposits penetrated and to proximity of the lake deposits. Water from wells drilled in the volcanic rocks several miles from the lake deposits, and from wells penetrating the confined water body in volcanic rocks underlying the lake deposits contains small to moderate quantities of dissolved solids. Ground-water supplies can be developed almost anywhere in the study area by drilling wells to depths below the water table. In addition, there is a reasonable possibility of developing wells in a confined water body underlying the water-table system- Title: A geologic and hydrologic reconnaissance of Lava Beds National Monument and vicinity, California Author: Hotchkiss, W. R Year: 1968, 2008, 2005 A GEOLOGIC AND HYDROLOGIC RECONNAISSANCE OF LAVA BEDS NATIONAL MONUMENT AND VICINITY, CALIFORNIA By William R. Hotchkiss ABSTRACT Lava Beds National Monument is on the Modoc Plateau in Modoc and Siskiyou Counties. The principal geologic units in the vicinity are volcanic rocks,, which in places are highly permeable, and poorly permeable lake sedimentary deposits, all probably post-Oligocene in age. Yields and specific capacities of wells in the unconfined water body within volcanic rocks and lake deposits range widely, but in general are low in the lake deposits and higher in the volcanic rocks. A confined water body, occurring in volcanic rocks underlying the lake deposits yields large quantities of water to three wells in the study area. Dissolved-solids content of ground water generally increases in proportion to the thickness of lake deposits penetrated and to proximity of the lake deposits. Water from wells drilled in the volcanic rocks several miles from the lake deposits, and from wells penetrating the confined water body in volcanic rocks underlying the lake deposits contains small to moderate quantities of dissolved solids. Ground-water supplies can be developed almost anywhere in the study area by drilling wells to depths below the water table. In addition, there is a reasonable possibility of developing wells in a confined water body underlying the water-table system- Close

• 75. [Image] Water supply of Crater Lake, Oregon

  	Accompanied with tables, pictures, field notes, National Park Service publications, references and correspondence; Typescript and holograph
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Water supply of Crater Lake, Oregon Author: Harding, S. T.; (Sidney Twitchell); 1883-1969 Year: 1953, 2008 Accompanied with tables, pictures, field notes, National Park Service publications, references and correspondence; Typescript and holograph Title: Water supply of Crater Lake, Oregon Author: Harding, S. T.; (Sidney Twitchell); 1883-1969 Year: 1953, 2008 Accompanied with tables, pictures, field notes, National Park Service publications, references and correspondence; Typescript and holograph Close

• 76. [Image] Water Symposium: Symposium before the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources, United States Senate, One Hundred Ninth Congress, First Session, on Water Issues, April 5, 2005

  	iii; 99p.; "Printed for the use of the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources"; Distributed to some depository libraries in microfiche
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Water Symposium: Symposium before the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources, United States Senate, One Hundred Ninth Congress, First Session, on Water Issues, April 5, 2005 Author: Water Symposium (2005: Washington, D.C.) Year: 2005, 2006 iii; 99p.; "Printed for the use of the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources"; Distributed to some depository libraries in microfiche Title: Water Symposium: Symposium before the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources, United States Senate, One Hundred Ninth Congress, First Session, on Water Issues, April 5, 2005 Author: Water Symposium (2005: Washington, D.C.) Year: 2005, 2006 iii; 99p.; "Printed for the use of the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources"; Distributed to some depository libraries in microfiche Close

• 77. [Image] Geological limnology of Crater Lake, Oregon

  	ill.; Three folded plates in pocket; Thesis (M.S.)--University of Minnesota, 1961; Bibliography: leaves 168-175
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Geological limnology of Crater Lake, Oregon Author: Nelson, C. Hans (Carlton Hans), 1937- Year: 1961, 2008 ill.; Three folded plates in pocket; Thesis (M.S.)--University of Minnesota, 1961; Bibliography: leaves 168-175 Title: Geological limnology of Crater Lake, Oregon Author: Nelson, C. Hans (Carlton Hans), 1937- Year: 1961, 2008 ill.; Three folded plates in pocket; Thesis (M.S.)--University of Minnesota, 1961; Bibliography: leaves 168-175 Close

• 78. [Image] The Water Report - Klamath FERC CA/OR: dam removal

  	Only portions of issues of The Water Report are available in the Klamath Waters Digital Library. FERC is an abbreviation for Federal Energy Regulatory Commission. See the full report at http://www.thew...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The Water Report - Klamath FERC CA/OR: dam removal Author: Envirotech Publications Year: 2005, 2008, 2006 Only portions of issues of The Water Report are available in the Klamath Waters Digital Library. FERC is an abbreviation for Federal Energy Regulatory Commission. See the full report at http://www.thewaterreport.com/ Title: The Water Report - Klamath FERC CA/OR: dam removal Author: Envirotech Publications Year: 2005, 2008, 2006 Only portions of issues of The Water Report are available in the Klamath Waters Digital Library. FERC is an abbreviation for Federal Energy Regulatory Commission. See the full report at http://www.thewaterreport.com/ Close

• 79. [Image] Results of a long-term aquifer at the Ron McVay Irrigation well, Klamath County, Oregon

  	Pages 14-18 blank; "OF - 02 - 004"
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Results of a long-term aquifer at the Ron McVay Irrigation well, Klamath County, Oregon Author: Zwart, Michael J. Year: 2002, 2005 Pages 14-18 blank; "OF - 02 - 004" Title: Results of a long-term aquifer at the Ron McVay Irrigation well, Klamath County, Oregon Author: Zwart, Michael J. Year: 2002, 2005 Pages 14-18 blank; "OF - 02 - 004" Close

• 80. [Image] A Geological and Geophysical Study of the Geothermal Energy Potential of Pilgrim Springs, Alaska

  	The Pilgrim Springs geothermal area, located about 75 km north of Nome, was the subject of an intensive, reconnaissance-level geophysical and geological study during a 90-day period in the summer of 1979. ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: A Geological and Geophysical Study of the Geothermal Energy Potential of Pilgrim Springs, Alaska Author: Turner, Donald L. [ed.] Year: 1980 The Pilgrim Springs geothermal area, located about 75 km north of Nome, was the subject of an intensive, reconnaissance-level geophysical and geological study during a 90-day period in the summer of 1979. The thermal springs are located in a northeast-oriented, oval area of thawed ground approximately 1.5 km{sup 2} in size, bordered on the north by the Pilgrim River. A second, much smaller, thermal anomaly was discovered about 3 km northeast of the main thawed area. Continuous permafrost in the surrounding region is on the order of 100 m thick. Present surface thermal spring discharge is {approx} 4.2 x 10{sup -3} m{sup 3} s{sup -1} (67 gallons/minute) of alkali-chloride-type water at a temperature of 81 C. The reason for its high salinity is not yet understood because of conflicting evidence for seawater vs. other possible water sources. Preliminary Na-K-Ca geothermometry suggests deep reservoir temperatures approaching 150 C, but interpretation of these results is difficult because of their dependence on an unknown water mixing history. Based on these estimates, and present surface and drill hole water temperatures, Pilgrim Springs would be classified as an intermediate-temperature, liquid-dominated geothermal system; UAG-R-271 Title: A Geological and Geophysical Study of the Geothermal Energy Potential of Pilgrim Springs, Alaska Author: Turner, Donald L. [ed.] Year: 1980 The Pilgrim Springs geothermal area, located about 75 km north of Nome, was the subject of an intensive, reconnaissance-level geophysical and geological study during a 90-day period in the summer of 1979. The thermal springs are located in a northeast-oriented, oval area of thawed ground approximately 1.5 km{sup 2} in size, bordered on the north by the Pilgrim River. A second, much smaller, thermal anomaly was discovered about 3 km northeast of the main thawed area. Continuous permafrost in the surrounding region is on the order of 100 m thick. Present surface thermal spring discharge is {approx} 4.2 x 10{sup -3} m{sup 3} s{sup -1} (67 gallons/minute) of alkali-chloride-type water at a temperature of 81 C. The reason for its high salinity is not yet understood because of conflicting evidence for seawater vs. other possible water sources. Preliminary Na-K-Ca geothermometry suggests deep reservoir temperatures approaching 150 C, but interpretation of these results is difficult because of their dependence on an unknown water mixing history. Based on these estimates, and present surface and drill hole water temperatures, Pilgrim Springs would be classified as an intermediate-temperature, liquid-dominated geothermal system; UAG-R-271 Close

• 81. [Image] Modeling hydrodynamics and heat transport in upper Klamath Lake, Oregon, and implications for water quality

  	Title from PDF title screen (viewed on June 13, 2008); Includes bibliographical references;
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Modeling hydrodynamics and heat transport in upper Klamath Lake, Oregon, and implications for water quality Author: Wood, Tamara M.; Cheng, Ralph T.; Gartner, Jeffrey W.; Hoilman, Gene R.; Lindenberg, Mary K.; Wellman, Roy E. Year: 2008 Title from PDF title screen (viewed on June 13, 2008); Includes bibliographical references; Title: Modeling hydrodynamics and heat transport in upper Klamath Lake, Oregon, and implications for water quality Author: Wood, Tamara M.; Cheng, Ralph T.; Gartner, Jeffrey W.; Hoilman, Gene R.; Lindenberg, Mary K.; Wellman, Roy E. Year: 2008 Title from PDF title screen (viewed on June 13, 2008); Includes bibliographical references; Close

• 82. [Image] Geothermal exploration assessment and interpretation, Upper Klamath Lake Area, Klamath Basin, Oregon

  	Data from public and private sources on the Klamath Basin geothermal resource are reviewed, synthesized, and reinterpreted. In this, the second and final phase of the work, geological, remote sensing, ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Geothermal exploration assessment and interpretation, Upper Klamath Lake Area, Klamath Basin, Oregon Author: Stark, M. Year: 1980 Data from public and private sources on the Klamath Basin geothermal resource are reviewed, synthesized, and reinterpreted. In this, the second and final phase of the work, geological, remote sensing, geochemical, temperature gradient, gravity, aeromagnetic, and electrical resistivity data sets are examined. These data were derived from surveys concentrated on the east and west shores of Upper Klamath Lake. The geological, remote sensing, and potential field data suggest a few northeast-trending discontinuities, which cross the regional north-westerly strike. The near-surface distribution of warm water appears to be related to the intersections of these lineaments and northwest-trending faults. The groundwater geochemical data are reviewed and the various reservoir temperature estimates compared. Particular attention is given to specific electrical conductivities of waters as an interpretational aid to the subsurface resistivity results. A clear trend emerges in the Klamath Falls/Olene Gap area; hotter waters are associated with higher specific conductivities. In the Nuss Lake/Stukel Mountain area the opposite trend prevails, although the relationship is somewhat equivocal; LBL-10140 Title: Geothermal exploration assessment and interpretation, Upper Klamath Lake Area, Klamath Basin, Oregon Author: Stark, M. Year: 1980 Data from public and private sources on the Klamath Basin geothermal resource are reviewed, synthesized, and reinterpreted. In this, the second and final phase of the work, geological, remote sensing, geochemical, temperature gradient, gravity, aeromagnetic, and electrical resistivity data sets are examined. These data were derived from surveys concentrated on the east and west shores of Upper Klamath Lake. The geological, remote sensing, and potential field data suggest a few northeast-trending discontinuities, which cross the regional north-westerly strike. The near-surface distribution of warm water appears to be related to the intersections of these lineaments and northwest-trending faults. The groundwater geochemical data are reviewed and the various reservoir temperature estimates compared. Particular attention is given to specific electrical conductivities of waters as an interpretational aid to the subsurface resistivity results. A clear trend emerges in the Klamath Falls/Olene Gap area; hotter waters are associated with higher specific conductivities. In the Nuss Lake/Stukel Mountain area the opposite trend prevails, although the relationship is somewhat equivocal; LBL-10140 Close

• 83. [Image] The Water Report - The Oregon Water Resources Department: an interview with director Paul Cleary

  	Only portions of issues of The Water Report are available in the Klamath Waters Digital Library. See the full report at http://www.thewaterreport.com/
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The Water Report - The Oregon Water Resources Department: an interview with director Paul Cleary Author: Envirotech Publications Year: 2004, 2008, 2006 Only portions of issues of The Water Report are available in the Klamath Waters Digital Library. See the full report at http://www.thewaterreport.com/ Title: The Water Report - The Oregon Water Resources Department: an interview with director Paul Cleary Author: Envirotech Publications Year: 2004, 2008, 2006 Only portions of issues of The Water Report are available in the Klamath Waters Digital Library. See the full report at http://www.thewaterreport.com/ Close

• 84. [Image] Chronic toxicity of low dissolved oxygen concentrations, elevated pH, and elevated ammonia concentrations to lost river suckers (deltistes luxatus), and swimming performance of lost river suckers at various temperatures.

  	The study examines two species of sucker,the shortnose sucker(chasmistes brevirostrix), and the Lost River sucker,(deltisties luxatus) that inhabit Upper Klamath Lake and the effects of chronic toxicity ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Chronic toxicity of low dissolved oxygen concentrations, elevated pH, and elevated ammonia concentrations to lost river suckers (deltistes luxatus), and swimming performance of lost river suckers at various temperatures. Author: Meyer, Joseph S. Year: 2000, 2007, 2006 The study examines two species of sucker,the shortnose sucker(chasmistes brevirostrix), and the Lost River sucker,(deltisties luxatus) that inhabit Upper Klamath Lake and the effects of chronic toxicity and temperature changes. The study examines two species of sucker,the shortnose sucker(chasmistes brevirostrix), and the Lost River sucker,(deltisties luxatus) that inhabit Upper Klamath Lake and the effects of chronic toxicity and temperature changes. Title: Chronic toxicity of low dissolved oxygen concentrations, elevated pH, and elevated ammonia concentrations to lost river suckers (deltistes luxatus), and swimming performance of lost river suckers at various temperatures. Author: Meyer, Joseph S. Year: 2000, 2007, 2006 The study examines two species of sucker,the shortnose sucker(chasmistes brevirostrix), and the Lost River sucker,(deltisties luxatus) that inhabit Upper Klamath Lake and the effects of chronic toxicity and temperature changes. The study examines two species of sucker,the shortnose sucker(chasmistes brevirostrix), and the Lost River sucker,(deltisties luxatus) that inhabit Upper Klamath Lake and the effects of chronic toxicity and temperature changes. Close

• 85. [Image] Second annual report on the limnology and water quality monitoring program at Crater Lake National Park, Oregon: final

  	1982-2002; ill.; Includes bibliographic references; Issues lack volume numbering
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Second annual report on the limnology and water quality monitoring program at Crater Lake National Park, Oregon: final Author: United States. Army. Corps of Engineers; in collaboration with National Park Service and Crater Lake National Park Year: 1983, 2008, 2009 1982-2002; ill.; Includes bibliographic references; Issues lack volume numbering Title: Second annual report on the limnology and water quality monitoring program at Crater Lake National Park, Oregon: final Author: United States. Army. Corps of Engineers; in collaboration with National Park Service and Crater Lake National Park Year: 1983, 2008, 2009 1982-2002; ill.; Includes bibliographic references; Issues lack volume numbering Close

• 86. [Image] Summary of ongoing and planned work of the Department of the Interior related to the Klamath River Basin, March 2003

  	The Department of the Interior, Klamath River Basin, Work Plans and Reports
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Summary of ongoing and planned work of the Department of the Interior related to the Klamath River Basin, March 2003 Author: United States. Dept. of the Interior Year: 2003, 2005 The Department of the Interior, Klamath River Basin, Work Plans and Reports Title: Summary of ongoing and planned work of the Department of the Interior related to the Klamath River Basin, March 2003 Author: United States. Dept. of the Interior Year: 2003, 2005 The Department of the Interior, Klamath River Basin, Work Plans and Reports Close

• 87. [Image] IMST review of the USFWS and NMFS 2001 biological opinions on management of the Klamath Reclamation Project and related reports: a report of the Independent Multidisciplinary Science Team, Oregon Plan for Salmon and Watersheds

  	This report is a review of scientific research done by various organizations involved in the Klamath Reclamation Project to assess the "status and management of coho salmon in the Klamath River and . . ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: IMST review of the USFWS and NMFS 2001 biological opinions on management of the Klamath Reclamation Project and related reports: a report of the Independent Multidisciplinary Science Team, Oregon Plan for Salmon and Watersheds Author: Independent Multidisciplinary Science Team (Oregon) Year: 2003, 2004 This report is a review of scientific research done by various organizations involved in the Klamath Reclamation Project to assess the "status and management of coho salmon in the Klamath River and . . . management of Upper Klamath Lake and its watershed"; "April 16, 2003"; Includes bibliographical references (p. 104-112) Title: IMST review of the USFWS and NMFS 2001 biological opinions on management of the Klamath Reclamation Project and related reports: a report of the Independent Multidisciplinary Science Team, Oregon Plan for Salmon and Watersheds Author: Independent Multidisciplinary Science Team (Oregon) Year: 2003, 2004 This report is a review of scientific research done by various organizations involved in the Klamath Reclamation Project to assess the "status and management of coho salmon in the Klamath River and . . . management of Upper Klamath Lake and its watershed"; "April 16, 2003"; Includes bibliographical references (p. 104-112) Close

• 88. [Image] Determining surface water availability in Oregon : open file report SW 02-002

  	Determining Surface Water Availability in Oregon By Richard M. Cooper, PE Abstract The Oregon Water Resources Department (Department or OWRD) limits appropriation from Oregon streams to assure new applicants ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Determining surface water availability in Oregon : open file report SW 02-002 Author: Oregon. Water Resources Dept. Year: 2002, 2005 Determining Surface Water Availability in Oregon By Richard M. Cooper, PE Abstract The Oregon Water Resources Department (Department or OWRD) limits appropriation from Oregon streams to assure new applicants use of surface water a reasonable amount of time and to minimize regulatory conflict. The standards for new appropriation of water are: (1) consumptive use from allocations for out-of-stream uses can total no more than the 80-percent ex-ceedance natural stream flow, and (2) allocations for in-stream flows can be no more than the 50-percent exceedance natural stream flow. OWRD has created and maintains a database of the amount of surface water available for appropriation for most waters in the state. This database is used to evaluate applications for new uses of water. Water availability (WA) is obtained from natural stream flow (QNSF) by subtracting existing storage (ST), out-of-stream consumptive uses (CU) and in-stream demands (IS). WA = QN -ST-CU-IS Ideally, water availability would be calculated for every watershed above a point of diversion or in-stream demand. Practically, the number of watersheds must be limited. The watersheds selected for analysis are called Water Availability Basins (WABs). Stream flow can be highly variable, and it is useful to characterize it in some way, usually by a statistic, e.g., a monthly or annual mean. For water availability, it is important to know how often water is available. The appropriate statistic in this case is exceedance stream flow. This statistic tells us how often to expect a given rate of stream flow to occur. Exceedance stream flows are determined directly from gage records, or for ungaged streams, by estimation through modeling. When determined from gage records, the exceedance flows must be corrected to a common base period, and then, to natural stream flow. When determined through modeling, the exceedance flows are estimated from statistical models that relate watershed characteristics to natural stream flow. The models are derived by multiple linear regression. Storage is water retained in a reservoir. It is debited from water availability when the water is stored. It diminishes availability both upstream and downstream of the point of diversion. Consumptive use is divided into three major categories: irrigation, municipal, and all others e.g., domestic, livestock. These uses are less than 100 percent consumptive. It is assumed the non-consumed part of a diversion is returned to the stream from which it was diverted. Consumptive use from irrigation is from estimates made by the US Geological Survey (Portland). Consumption from other uses is based on the associated water rights. In these cases, consumptive use is obtained by multiplying the maximum diversion rate allowed for the water right by a consumptive use coefficient. Consumptive use diminishes availability both upstream and downstream of the point of diversion. There are two types of in-stream demands: in-stream water rights and scenic waterway flows. In-stream demands diminish availability upstream only. Because they are non-consumptive, they do not diminish stream flow downstream as do consumptive uses. Water availability has been calculated for over 2500 WABs. In general, the calculation of water availability at one WAB cannot be considered in isolation from other WABs in the same stream system. For water to be available at any given upstream point, it must be available at all points of calculation downstream. Title: Determining surface water availability in Oregon : open file report SW 02-002 Author: Oregon. Water Resources Dept. Year: 2002, 2005 Determining Surface Water Availability in Oregon By Richard M. Cooper, PE Abstract The Oregon Water Resources Department (Department or OWRD) limits appropriation from Oregon streams to assure new applicants use of surface water a reasonable amount of time and to minimize regulatory conflict. The standards for new appropriation of water are: (1) consumptive use from allocations for out-of-stream uses can total no more than the 80-percent ex-ceedance natural stream flow, and (2) allocations for in-stream flows can be no more than the 50-percent exceedance natural stream flow. OWRD has created and maintains a database of the amount of surface water available for appropriation for most waters in the state. This database is used to evaluate applications for new uses of water. Water availability (WA) is obtained from natural stream flow (QNSF) by subtracting existing storage (ST), out-of-stream consumptive uses (CU) and in-stream demands (IS). WA = QN -ST-CU-IS Ideally, water availability would be calculated for every watershed above a point of diversion or in-stream demand. Practically, the number of watersheds must be limited. The watersheds selected for analysis are called Water Availability Basins (WABs). Stream flow can be highly variable, and it is useful to characterize it in some way, usually by a statistic, e.g., a monthly or annual mean. For water availability, it is important to know how often water is available. The appropriate statistic in this case is exceedance stream flow. This statistic tells us how often to expect a given rate of stream flow to occur. Exceedance stream flows are determined directly from gage records, or for ungaged streams, by estimation through modeling. When determined from gage records, the exceedance flows must be corrected to a common base period, and then, to natural stream flow. When determined through modeling, the exceedance flows are estimated from statistical models that relate watershed characteristics to natural stream flow. The models are derived by multiple linear regression. Storage is water retained in a reservoir. It is debited from water availability when the water is stored. It diminishes availability both upstream and downstream of the point of diversion. Consumptive use is divided into three major categories: irrigation, municipal, and all others e.g., domestic, livestock. These uses are less than 100 percent consumptive. It is assumed the non-consumed part of a diversion is returned to the stream from which it was diverted. Consumptive use from irrigation is from estimates made by the US Geological Survey (Portland). Consumption from other uses is based on the associated water rights. In these cases, consumptive use is obtained by multiplying the maximum diversion rate allowed for the water right by a consumptive use coefficient. Consumptive use diminishes availability both upstream and downstream of the point of diversion. There are two types of in-stream demands: in-stream water rights and scenic waterway flows. In-stream demands diminish availability upstream only. Because they are non-consumptive, they do not diminish stream flow downstream as do consumptive uses. Water availability has been calculated for over 2500 WABs. In general, the calculation of water availability at one WAB cannot be considered in isolation from other WABs in the same stream system. For water to be available at any given upstream point, it must be available at all points of calculation downstream. Close

• 89. [Image] Klamath Basin GIS directory

  	The Klamath Basin Ecosystem Restoration Office (ERO) - Humboldt State University Geographic Information Systems Work Group (HSU-GIS Group) was established to support ERO's mission to develop an ecosystem ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Klamath Basin GIS directory Year: 1995, 2005 The Klamath Basin Ecosystem Restoration Office (ERO) - Humboldt State University Geographic Information Systems Work Group (HSU-GIS Group) was established to support ERO's mission to develop an ecosystem restoration strategy for the Klamath Basin and the U.S. Fish & Wildlife Services responsibilities to the President's Forest Plan. Priorities for developing GIS seamless layers for the basin are established by ERO in consultation with bioregional cooperators : Fish & Wildlife Service-Klamath/Central Pacific Coastal Ecoregion, Forest Service - Regions 5 & 6, Bureau of Land Management- California & Oregon, Bureau of Mines, Bureau of Reclamation, U.S. Geological Survey, California & Oregon state agencies, tribal governments, and various other publics. Comprehensive seamless co-registered data layers are needed for bioregional research, planning and management. The needed GIS data layers include political & administrative boundaries; lithospheric,hydrographic & atmospheric elements; plant & animal community characteristics; socio-economic components; and descriptive landscape statistics including temporal dimensions. The ERO-HSU GIS Group's primary geographic domain is the 10.5 million acre Klamath Province as described in the President's Forest Plan for northern California & southern Oregon. The Province includes the Klamath -Trinity River hydrobasins as well as the Smith River watershed. While gathering and editing public domain data sets for the Klamath Province, the GIS Group has also compiled data layers for the larger Klamath Economic Zone which extends from the northern crest of the Rogue River watershed in Oregon southward to the southern crest of the Russian River watershed, just north of the San Francisco Bay area. The work of the ERO-HSU GIS Group is threefold: (1) development and dissemination of spatial analysis products with our first efforts directed at compiling existing information; (2) research on ecosystem assessment methodology; and (3) education & training of agency personnel and graduate students. The completed GIS layers and resulting map products are available upon request. By early 1996, an information dissemination mechanism will be in-place using the INTERNET as part of the National Spatial Data Infrastructure. The data development work is currently established at three scales: 1:100,000, 1:24,000 and 1:12,000. We have assembled small scale data layers (1:100,000) for the Klamath Province & the Klamath Economic Zone. In the near future, we will concentrate solely upon the more detailed GIS data layers at a medium scale (1:24,000), based on USGS 7.5 minute quadrangle maps. Subsequently, we will integrate stream habitat information at large scale Title: Klamath Basin GIS directory Year: 1995, 2005 The Klamath Basin Ecosystem Restoration Office (ERO) - Humboldt State University Geographic Information Systems Work Group (HSU-GIS Group) was established to support ERO's mission to develop an ecosystem restoration strategy for the Klamath Basin and the U.S. Fish & Wildlife Services responsibilities to the President's Forest Plan. Priorities for developing GIS seamless layers for the basin are established by ERO in consultation with bioregional cooperators : Fish & Wildlife Service-Klamath/Central Pacific Coastal Ecoregion, Forest Service - Regions 5 & 6, Bureau of Land Management- California & Oregon, Bureau of Mines, Bureau of Reclamation, U.S. Geological Survey, California & Oregon state agencies, tribal governments, and various other publics. Comprehensive seamless co-registered data layers are needed for bioregional research, planning and management. The needed GIS data layers include political & administrative boundaries; lithospheric,hydrographic & atmospheric elements; plant & animal community characteristics; socio-economic components; and descriptive landscape statistics including temporal dimensions. The ERO-HSU GIS Group's primary geographic domain is the 10.5 million acre Klamath Province as described in the President's Forest Plan for northern California & southern Oregon. The Province includes the Klamath -Trinity River hydrobasins as well as the Smith River watershed. While gathering and editing public domain data sets for the Klamath Province, the GIS Group has also compiled data layers for the larger Klamath Economic Zone which extends from the northern crest of the Rogue River watershed in Oregon southward to the southern crest of the Russian River watershed, just north of the San Francisco Bay area. The work of the ERO-HSU GIS Group is threefold: (1) development and dissemination of spatial analysis products with our first efforts directed at compiling existing information; (2) research on ecosystem assessment methodology; and (3) education & training of agency personnel and graduate students. The completed GIS layers and resulting map products are available upon request. By early 1996, an information dissemination mechanism will be in-place using the INTERNET as part of the National Spatial Data Infrastructure. The data development work is currently established at three scales: 1:100,000, 1:24,000 and 1:12,000. We have assembled small scale data layers (1:100,000) for the Klamath Province & the Klamath Economic Zone. In the near future, we will concentrate solely upon the more detailed GIS data layers at a medium scale (1:24,000), based on USGS 7.5 minute quadrangle maps. Subsequently, we will integrate stream habitat information at large scale Close

• 90. [Image] Raising Upper Klamath Lake, appraisal study : draft.

  	Executive Summary This report documents an appraisal-level evaluation of raising Upper Klamath Lake in south-central Oregon. The lake is the State's largest freshwater lake and is a principal storage feature ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Raising Upper Klamath Lake, appraisal study : draft. Author: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bureau of Reclamation Year: 2000, 2008, 2005 Executive Summary This report documents an appraisal-level evaluation of raising Upper Klamath Lake in south-central Oregon. The lake is the State's largest freshwater lake and is a principal storage feature of the Klamath Project. The Klamath Project provides water for irrigating approximately 240,000 acres in the Klamath Basin in south-central Oregon and northern California. The Klamath Project was authorized for construction in 1905, and work began shortly thereafter. In 1921, Link River Dam was constructed at the south end of the lake, near the city of Klamath Falls, to provide regulation of the lake. Background The listing of fish species as threatened or endangered, and the Federal responsibility to protect Tribal trust assets, have placed increasing demands on the limited water supply of the Klamath Project and reduced its flexibility to meet demands. There is an immediate need to increase water supplies and improve the timing of their availability to improve fish and wildlife habitat and water quality. The Bureau of Reclamation (Reclamation) began the Klamath Basin Water Supply Initiative (Initiative) in 1996 to identify options for increasing water supplies in the Klamath River Basin. The Initiative is a joint effort partnership of Reclamation, the Klamath River Compact Commission, the California Department of Water Resources, and the Oregon Water Resources Department. The Initiative identified 96 options for increasing water supplies and recommended 44 for further study, including raising Upper Klamath Lake. Options Evaluated The evaluation documented in this report considers increasing the maximum operating level of Upper Klamath Lake by 2 feet by raising Link River Dam. Two options are described: (1) raising existing levees around the lake to contain the lake within its current surface area and (2) allowing the lake to spread and flood adjacent lands. Option 1 constrains the higher water surface elevation to the current shoreline. Modifications would be provided to protect all existing land, roads, and structures surrounding the lake. A 2-foot-high parapet will be constructed on top of the dam to accommodate the higher water level. Major construction activities include: Raising Upper Klamath Lake ? Eight sections of new seawall, totaling 6.6 linear miles ? Modifying 14 sections of existing dikes with roads, totaling 44.3 linear miles ? Modifying 10 sections of existing dikes without roads, totaling 25.2 linear miles ? Two sections of new dikes with roads, totaling 1.9 linear miles ? Three sections of new dikes without roads, totaling 2.7 linear miles ? Armoring two sections of existing dikes, totaling 3.5 linear miles ? Raising one bridge and county and local roads at seven locations, totaling 1.3 miles of roads ? Raising 2.5 miles of a State highway ? Rehabilitating 126 private residences (relocating septic tanks, providing foundation drainage, and landscaping) ? Rehabilitating headworks and intake structures at 10 locations ? Relocating an existing boat dock The estimated cost of Option 1 is $125 million. Option 2 does not protect structures and property, but, instead, allows the lake to spread beyond the current shoreline and flood adjacent lands. Existing dikes will be breached, and existing roads that would otherwise be inundated will be raised. Either existing headworks and water intakes at various locations will be retrofitted for the higher water surface elevation, or the associated facility will be purchased. Link River Dam will be modified as in Option 1. Major construction activities include: ? Breaching (every % mile) 14 sections of existing dikes with roads, totaling 44.3 linear miles of dikes ? Breaching 10 sections of existing dikes without roads, totaling 25.3 linear miles of dikes ? Armoring 3.0 linear miles of an existing dike ? Raising one bridge and county and local roads at three locations, totaling 0.6 mile of roads Executive Summary ? Raising 2.5 miles of an existing State highway ? Rehabilitating headworks and intake structures at nine locations ? Relocating an existing boat dock The estimated cost of Option 2 is $129 million, including $113 million for the acquisition of private land and structures. Raising Upper Klamath Lake 2 feet will increase storage by approximately 170,000 acre-feet, or about 25 percent. Winter floodflows, which are presently spilled to the Klamath River and not available for project use, will be stored and made available to help meet water needs for endangered species, Tribal trust resources, agricultural contractors, and national wildlife refuges. Future operation of the enlarged lake will be contingent upon acquisition of appropriate rights to divert and store additional water in the lake and may require filing an application for the appropriation of additional water with the Oregon Water Resource Department. Costs associated with implementing either Option 1 or Option 2 are significant. In addition, implementing either option will have both positive and negative impacts on the natural and human environment. Recommendations Several engineering studies are recommended. These include: ? Estimating quantities, properties, and availability of embankment and riprap materials, and identifying their locations (quaries) ? Constructing a modified dike test section to assess construction methodology and performance of rockfill protection ? Using detailed aerial topography (maximum 1-foot contours) of the Upper Klamath Lake shoreline to better define existing features and required improvements ? Conducting a comprehensive survey of all shoreline structures to provide a better estimate of the work required and associated costs ? Inspecting existing dam gates and concrete bulk heads to determine if additional modifications are required for the higher reservoir water surface ? S-3 Raising Upper Klamath Lake ? Developing site-specific, cost-effective alternatives to the proposed shore protection features ? Identifying and securing suitable rights-of-way Recreation facilities need to be analyzed in more detail to determine impacts and associated protection, relocation, and modification costs. A user survey and appropriate mapping of all recreational facilities has been initiated to determine existing recreation use levels and assist in the analysis of potential impacts. A detailed hydrology study demonstrating that unappropriated water is available to fill the additional storage in Upper Klamath Lake is recommended. Better descriptions of area-elevation-capacity relationships and evaporation and transpiration losses will also be needed. The following environmental studies are recommended: ? Develop detailed topographic information for the entire lake and surrounding area to predict the extent of flooding and potential vegetation changes ? Develop topographic mapping in 1-foot increments to predict effects on wetland vegetation ? Determine potential streamflow changes below Link River Dam and potential benefits to threatened and endangered fishes ? Determine impacts to upland areas that would be inundated by the higher reservoir water surface elevations. The following economic studies are recommended: ? Determine all costs (e.g., planning, design, construction, mitigation, and operation, maintenance, and replacement) ? Determine benefit/cost Early development and implementation of a public involvement plan will be essential to a feasibility study. Various studies to identify and analyze social impacts and impacts to environmental justice, Tribal trust, and cultural resources are recommended. Opportunities to avoid or lessen adverse impacts will also need to be identified. S-4 Title: Raising Upper Klamath Lake, appraisal study : draft. Author: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bureau of Reclamation Year: 2000, 2008, 2005 Executive Summary This report documents an appraisal-level evaluation of raising Upper Klamath Lake in south-central Oregon. The lake is the State's largest freshwater lake and is a principal storage feature of the Klamath Project. The Klamath Project provides water for irrigating approximately 240,000 acres in the Klamath Basin in south-central Oregon and northern California. The Klamath Project was authorized for construction in 1905, and work began shortly thereafter. In 1921, Link River Dam was constructed at the south end of the lake, near the city of Klamath Falls, to provide regulation of the lake. Background The listing of fish species as threatened or endangered, and the Federal responsibility to protect Tribal trust assets, have placed increasing demands on the limited water supply of the Klamath Project and reduced its flexibility to meet demands. There is an immediate need to increase water supplies and improve the timing of their availability to improve fish and wildlife habitat and water quality. The Bureau of Reclamation (Reclamation) began the Klamath Basin Water Supply Initiative (Initiative) in 1996 to identify options for increasing water supplies in the Klamath River Basin. The Initiative is a joint effort partnership of Reclamation, the Klamath River Compact Commission, the California Department of Water Resources, and the Oregon Water Resources Department. The Initiative identified 96 options for increasing water supplies and recommended 44 for further study, including raising Upper Klamath Lake. Options Evaluated The evaluation documented in this report considers increasing the maximum operating level of Upper Klamath Lake by 2 feet by raising Link River Dam. Two options are described: (1) raising existing levees around the lake to contain the lake within its current surface area and (2) allowing the lake to spread and flood adjacent lands. Option 1 constrains the higher water surface elevation to the current shoreline. Modifications would be provided to protect all existing land, roads, and structures surrounding the lake. A 2-foot-high parapet will be constructed on top of the dam to accommodate the higher water level. Major construction activities include: Raising Upper Klamath Lake ? Eight sections of new seawall, totaling 6.6 linear miles ? Modifying 14 sections of existing dikes with roads, totaling 44.3 linear miles ? Modifying 10 sections of existing dikes without roads, totaling 25.2 linear miles ? Two sections of new dikes with roads, totaling 1.9 linear miles ? Three sections of new dikes without roads, totaling 2.7 linear miles ? Armoring two sections of existing dikes, totaling 3.5 linear miles ? Raising one bridge and county and local roads at seven locations, totaling 1.3 miles of roads ? Raising 2.5 miles of a State highway ? Rehabilitating 126 private residences (relocating septic tanks, providing foundation drainage, and landscaping) ? Rehabilitating headworks and intake structures at 10 locations ? Relocating an existing boat dock The estimated cost of Option 1 is $125 million. Option 2 does not protect structures and property, but, instead, allows the lake to spread beyond the current shoreline and flood adjacent lands. Existing dikes will be breached, and existing roads that would otherwise be inundated will be raised. Either existing headworks and water intakes at various locations will be retrofitted for the higher water surface elevation, or the associated facility will be purchased. Link River Dam will be modified as in Option 1. Major construction activities include: ? Breaching (every % mile) 14 sections of existing dikes with roads, totaling 44.3 linear miles of dikes ? Breaching 10 sections of existing dikes without roads, totaling 25.3 linear miles of dikes ? Armoring 3.0 linear miles of an existing dike ? Raising one bridge and county and local roads at three locations, totaling 0.6 mile of roads Executive Summary ? Raising 2.5 miles of an existing State highway ? Rehabilitating headworks and intake structures at nine locations ? Relocating an existing boat dock The estimated cost of Option 2 is $129 million, including $113 million for the acquisition of private land and structures. Raising Upper Klamath Lake 2 feet will increase storage by approximately 170,000 acre-feet, or about 25 percent. Winter floodflows, which are presently spilled to the Klamath River and not available for project use, will be stored and made available to help meet water needs for endangered species, Tribal trust resources, agricultural contractors, and national wildlife refuges. Future operation of the enlarged lake will be contingent upon acquisition of appropriate rights to divert and store additional water in the lake and may require filing an application for the appropriation of additional water with the Oregon Water Resource Department. Costs associated with implementing either Option 1 or Option 2 are significant. In addition, implementing either option will have both positive and negative impacts on the natural and human environment. Recommendations Several engineering studies are recommended. These include: ? Estimating quantities, properties, and availability of embankment and riprap materials, and identifying their locations (quaries) ? Constructing a modified dike test section to assess construction methodology and performance of rockfill protection ? Using detailed aerial topography (maximum 1-foot contours) of the Upper Klamath Lake shoreline to better define existing features and required improvements ? Conducting a comprehensive survey of all shoreline structures to provide a better estimate of the work required and associated costs ? Inspecting existing dam gates and concrete bulk heads to determine if additional modifications are required for the higher reservoir water surface ? S-3 Raising Upper Klamath Lake ? Developing site-specific, cost-effective alternatives to the proposed shore protection features ? Identifying and securing suitable rights-of-way Recreation facilities need to be analyzed in more detail to determine impacts and associated protection, relocation, and modification costs. A user survey and appropriate mapping of all recreational facilities has been initiated to determine existing recreation use levels and assist in the analysis of potential impacts. A detailed hydrology study demonstrating that unappropriated water is available to fill the additional storage in Upper Klamath Lake is recommended. Better descriptions of area-elevation-capacity relationships and evaporation and transpiration losses will also be needed. The following environmental studies are recommended: ? Develop detailed topographic information for the entire lake and surrounding area to predict the extent of flooding and potential vegetation changes ? Develop topographic mapping in 1-foot increments to predict effects on wetland vegetation ? Determine potential streamflow changes below Link River Dam and potential benefits to threatened and endangered fishes ? Determine impacts to upland areas that would be inundated by the higher reservoir water surface elevations. The following economic studies are recommended: ? Determine all costs (e.g., planning, design, construction, mitigation, and operation, maintenance, and replacement) ? Determine benefit/cost Early development and implementation of a public involvement plan will be essential to a feasibility study. Various studies to identify and analyze social impacts and impacts to environmental justice, Tribal trust, and cultural resources are recommended. Opportunities to avoid or lessen adverse impacts will also need to be identified. S-4 Close

• 91. [Image] A guide to Oregon permits issued by state & federal agencies with a focus on permits for watershed restoration activities Watersheds and the Oregon Watershed Enhancement Board

  	"Spring 2000."
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: A guide to Oregon permits issued by state & federal agencies with a focus on permits for watershed restoration activities Watersheds and the Oregon Watershed Enhancement Board Year: 2000, 2005 "Spring 2000." Title: A guide to Oregon permits issued by state & federal agencies with a focus on permits for watershed restoration activities Watersheds and the Oregon Watershed Enhancement Board Year: 2000, 2005 "Spring 2000." Close

• 92. [Image] Preliminary report on the ground-water resources of the Klamath River Basin, Oregon

  	The Klamath River basin, including the adjacent Lost River basin, includes about ?,5>OO square miles of plateaus, mountain-slopes and valley plains in south-central Oregon* The valley plains range in altitude ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Preliminary report on the ground-water resources of the Klamath River Basin, Oregon Author: Newcomb, Reuben Clair Year: 1958, 2005 The Klamath River basin, including the adjacent Lost River basin, includes about ?,5>OO square miles of plateaus, mountain-slopes and valley plains in south-central Oregon* The valley plains range in altitude from about U,100 feet in the south to more than li,500 feet at the northern end; the mountain and plateau lands rise to an average altitude of 6,000 feet at the drainage divide, some peaks rising above 9*000 feet. The western quarter of the ba3in is on the eastern slope of the Cascade Range and the remainder consists of plateaus, mountains, and valleys of the basin-and-range type* The rocks of the Klamath River basin range in age from Recent to Mesozoic* At the southwest side of the basin in Oregon, pre~Tertiary metamorphic, igneous, and sedimentary rocks, which form extensive areas farther west, are overlain by sedimentary rocks of Eocene age and volcanic rocks of Eocene and Oligocene age* These early Tertiary rocks dip east toward the central part of the Klamath River basin. The complex "volcanic rocks of high Cascades" include three units: The lowest unit consists of a sequence of basaltic lava flows about 800 feet thick5 the medial unit is composed of volcanic-sedimentary and sedimentary rocks?the Tonna formation-200 to 2,000 feet thick; the uppermost unit is a sequence of basaltic lava flows commonly about 200 feet thick. These rocks dip east from the Cascade Unpublished records subject to revision 2 Range and are the main bedrock formations beneath most of the basin. Extensive pumice deposits, which emanated ^?^ ancestral Mount Mazaraa, cover large areas in the northwestern part of the basin* The basin has an overall synclinal structure open to the south at the California boundary where it continues as the Klamath Lake basin in California* The older rocks dip into the basin in monoclinal fashion from the adjoining drainage basins* The rocks are broken along rudely rectangular nets of closely spaced normal faults* the most prominent set of which trends northwest* The network of fault displacements includes two main grabens, the Klamath and the Langell, which were downthrown approximately ?00 and 1,000 fast, respectively* The average annual precipitation varies with the altitude, the higher parts of the Cascade Range getting more than 60 inches, and the semierid valley plains receive as little as 13 inches in some places* Most precipitation occurs in the winter. \ The principal tributaries, Williamson and Sprague Rivers, rise near the higher parts of the eastern rim of the basin, flow through narrow valley plains to the western part, and discharge into Upper Klamath Lake* Wood River and associated creeks also empty into Upper Klamath Lake after draining southward along the eastern foot of the Cascade Range* The Klamath River receives the outflow from Upper Klamath Lake, via Lifak River and Lake Ewauna, and flows southwestward through Keno Gap and hence through a youthful canyon, to its lower valley in California* The ground water occurs largely in an unconfined, or water-table, condition, though areas of local confinement are present* The regional Unpublished records subject to revis&oa is graded to water table / a base level about equal to that of the major drainage* where water is confined, on the valley plains. The slope of the water tafele, ~ of/the piezomstric surface is downstream at about the same grade as that "of the surface drainage in each of the larger valleys, attd groufid*water divides occur between the upper parts of adjacent major valleys* The principal water-bearipg units are.the'lower lava rocks and upper lava rocks of the "volcanic rocks of high Cascades,* the pumice of Quaternaryage, and the allusriTuju In places layers of coarse flagmental material in the Tonna formation (Newcorub, 1958) also transmit water* The water-bearing units, especially the breccia layers of the lava rocks and the pumice, yield large amounts of water to wells and provide natural discharge outlets for the ground water. The spring outflows to the Williamson and Wood Rivers-Crooked Creek drainage, measured in September and October 1955, were at a rate equivalent to about 700,000 acre-feet per year. The spring outflows into the Sprague River were at a rate equal to 2l;5>000 apre-feet per year* Large springs occur along the edges of Upper Klamath Lake but their discharges could not be measured, and the known spring discharge from the lower lava rocks in the river canyon below Keno was not measured. The spring discharge into Lost River in the reach ?rom Bonanza to Harpold Bridge was at a rate equivalent to 75,000 acre-feet per year. Much of the water discharged from springs is used for irrigation during the growing season, but ground water has not been extensively Unpublished records subject to revision developed by means of wells except in the'Yonna Valley and other local areas. The total withdrawal of ground water from wells in 1951? was only about 30,000 acre-feet, of which 27,000 was used for irrigation* The ground water is of excellent quality in general, but sodium sulfate water occurs in the belts of warm rock along some faults and alkali bicarbonate water is present in the main evapotranspiration basins. Unpublished records subject to revision Title: Preliminary report on the ground-water resources of the Klamath River Basin, Oregon Author: Newcomb, Reuben Clair Year: 1958, 2005 The Klamath River basin, including the adjacent Lost River basin, includes about ?,5>OO square miles of plateaus, mountain-slopes and valley plains in south-central Oregon* The valley plains range in altitude from about U,100 feet in the south to more than li,500 feet at the northern end; the mountain and plateau lands rise to an average altitude of 6,000 feet at the drainage divide, some peaks rising above 9*000 feet. The western quarter of the ba3in is on the eastern slope of the Cascade Range and the remainder consists of plateaus, mountains, and valleys of the basin-and-range type* The rocks of the Klamath River basin range in age from Recent to Mesozoic* At the southwest side of the basin in Oregon, pre~Tertiary metamorphic, igneous, and sedimentary rocks, which form extensive areas farther west, are overlain by sedimentary rocks of Eocene age and volcanic rocks of Eocene and Oligocene age* These early Tertiary rocks dip east toward the central part of the Klamath River basin. The complex "volcanic rocks of high Cascades" include three units: The lowest unit consists of a sequence of basaltic lava flows about 800 feet thick5 the medial unit is composed of volcanic-sedimentary and sedimentary rocks?the Tonna formation-200 to 2,000 feet thick; the uppermost unit is a sequence of basaltic lava flows commonly about 200 feet thick. These rocks dip east from the Cascade Unpublished records subject to revision 2 Range and are the main bedrock formations beneath most of the basin. Extensive pumice deposits, which emanated ^?^ ancestral Mount Mazaraa, cover large areas in the northwestern part of the basin* The basin has an overall synclinal structure open to the south at the California boundary where it continues as the Klamath Lake basin in California* The older rocks dip into the basin in monoclinal fashion from the adjoining drainage basins* The rocks are broken along rudely rectangular nets of closely spaced normal faults* the most prominent set of which trends northwest* The network of fault displacements includes two main grabens, the Klamath and the Langell, which were downthrown approximately ?00 and 1,000 fast, respectively* The average annual precipitation varies with the altitude, the higher parts of the Cascade Range getting more than 60 inches, and the semierid valley plains receive as little as 13 inches in some places* Most precipitation occurs in the winter. \ The principal tributaries, Williamson and Sprague Rivers, rise near the higher parts of the eastern rim of the basin, flow through narrow valley plains to the western part, and discharge into Upper Klamath Lake* Wood River and associated creeks also empty into Upper Klamath Lake after draining southward along the eastern foot of the Cascade Range* The Klamath River receives the outflow from Upper Klamath Lake, via Lifak River and Lake Ewauna, and flows southwestward through Keno Gap and hence through a youthful canyon, to its lower valley in California* The ground water occurs largely in an unconfined, or water-table, condition, though areas of local confinement are present* The regional Unpublished records subject to revis&oa is graded to water table / a base level about equal to that of the major drainage* where water is confined, on the valley plains. The slope of the water tafele, ~ of/the piezomstric surface is downstream at about the same grade as that "of the surface drainage in each of the larger valleys, attd groufid*water divides occur between the upper parts of adjacent major valleys* The principal water-bearipg units are.the'lower lava rocks and upper lava rocks of the "volcanic rocks of high Cascades,* the pumice of Quaternaryage, and the allusriTuju In places layers of coarse flagmental material in the Tonna formation (Newcorub, 1958) also transmit water* The water-bearing units, especially the breccia layers of the lava rocks and the pumice, yield large amounts of water to wells and provide natural discharge outlets for the ground water. The spring outflows to the Williamson and Wood Rivers-Crooked Creek drainage, measured in September and October 1955, were at a rate equivalent to about 700,000 acre-feet per year. The spring outflows into the Sprague River were at a rate equal to 2l;5>000 apre-feet per year* Large springs occur along the edges of Upper Klamath Lake but their discharges could not be measured, and the known spring discharge from the lower lava rocks in the river canyon below Keno was not measured. The spring discharge into Lost River in the reach ?rom Bonanza to Harpold Bridge was at a rate equivalent to 75,000 acre-feet per year. Much of the water discharged from springs is used for irrigation during the growing season, but ground water has not been extensively Unpublished records subject to revision developed by means of wells except in the'Yonna Valley and other local areas. The total withdrawal of ground water from wells in 1951? was only about 30,000 acre-feet, of which 27,000 was used for irrigation* The ground water is of excellent quality in general, but sodium sulfate water occurs in the belts of warm rock along some faults and alkali bicarbonate water is present in the main evapotranspiration basins. Unpublished records subject to revision Close

• 93. [Image] The Water Report - Hydro relicensing OR/CA: fish passage

  	Only portions of issues of The Water Report are available in the Klamath Waters Digital Library. See the full report at http://www.thewaterreport.com/
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The Water Report - Hydro relicensing OR/CA: fish passage Author: Envirotech Publications Year: 2006, 2008 Only portions of issues of The Water Report are available in the Klamath Waters Digital Library. See the full report at http://www.thewaterreport.com/ Title: The Water Report - Hydro relicensing OR/CA: fish passage Author: Envirotech Publications Year: 2006, 2008 Only portions of issues of The Water Report are available in the Klamath Waters Digital Library. See the full report at http://www.thewaterreport.com/ Close

• 94. [Image] Water availability for Oregon's rivers and streams: Volume 1; Overview

  	Title from cover; "May 1991."; Includes bibliographical references (p. 19)
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Water availability for Oregon's rivers and streams: Volume 1; Overview Author: Robison, E. George Year: 1991, 2004 Title from cover; "May 1991."; Includes bibliographical references (p. 19) Title: Water availability for Oregon's rivers and streams: Volume 1; Overview Author: Robison, E. George Year: 1991, 2004 Title from cover; "May 1991."; Includes bibliographical references (p. 19) Close

• 95. [Image] Geologic and hydrologic characterization and evaluation of the Basin and Range Province relative to the disposal of high-level radioactive waste [part 2 geologic and hydrologic characterization ]

  	SUMMARY The geology and hydrology of the Basin and Range Province of the western conterminous United States are characterized in a series of data sets depicted in maps compiled for evaluation of prospective ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Geologic and hydrologic characterization and evaluation of the Basin and Range Province relative to the disposal of high-level radioactive waste [part 2 geologic and hydrologic characterization ] Author: Bedinger, M. S.; Sargent, Kenneth A.; Reed, J. E. Year: 2008, 2005 SUMMARY The geology and hydrology of the Basin and Range Province of the western conterminous United States are characterized in a series of data sets depicted in maps compiled for evaluation of prospective areas for further study of geohydrologic environments for isolation of high-level radioactive waste. The data sets include: (1) Average precipitation and evaporation; (2) surface distribution of selected rock types; (3) tectonic conditions; and (4) surface- and ground-water hydrology and Pleistocene lakes and marshes. Rocks mapped for consideration as potential host media for the isolation of high-level radioactive waste are widespread and include argillaceous rocks, granitic rocks, tuffaceous rocks, mafic extrusive rocks, evaporites, and laharic breccias. The unsaturated zone, where probably as thick as 150 meters (500 feet), was mapped for consideration as an environment for isolation of high-level waste. Unsaturated rocks of various lithologic types are widespread in the Province. Tectonic stability in the Quaternary Period is considered the key to assessing the probability of future tectonism with regard to high-level radioactive waste disposal. Tectonic conditions are characterized on the basis of the seismic record, heat-flow measurements, the occurrence of Quaternary faults, vertical crustal movement, and volcanic features. Tectonic activity, as indicated by seismicity, is greatest in areas bordering the western margin of the Province in Nevada and southern California, the eastern margin of the Province bordering the Wasatch Mountains in Utah and in parts of the Rio Grande valley. Late Cenozoic volcanic activity is widespread, being greatest bordering the Sierra Nevada in California and Oregon, and bordering the Wasatch Mountains in southern Utah and Idaho. The arid to semiarid climate of the Province results in few perennial streams and lakes. A large part of the surface drainage is interior and the many closed basins commonly are occupied by playas or dry lake beds. The Province is divided into ground-water flow units defined on the basis of ground-water divides, ground-water flow lines, and surface streams that receive ground-water discharge. Ground water contains less than 500 milligrams per liter of dissolved solids throughout most of the Province. Ground water is more mineralized in areas underlain by evaporitic rocks, overlain by playas, and near saline lakes. Ground water is of the calcium, magnesium, or sodium bicarbonate type in the areas where dissolved-solids concentrations are less than 500 milligrams per liter, and of the calcium, magnesium, or sodium sulfate or chloride type where dissolved-solids concentrations are greater than 500 milligrams per liter. Geologic and hydrologic evidence is found for about 100 lakes and marshes that existed during the Pleistocene Epoch. The possibility of a recurrence of pluvial conditions, such as existed in the Pleistocene, is of concern in repository siting because of possible changes in hydrologic conditions. The Pleistocene lakes and marshes provide clues to the hydrology during pluvial climates. Title: Geologic and hydrologic characterization and evaluation of the Basin and Range Province relative to the disposal of high-level radioactive waste [part 2 geologic and hydrologic characterization ] Author: Bedinger, M. S.; Sargent, Kenneth A.; Reed, J. E. Year: 2008, 2005 SUMMARY The geology and hydrology of the Basin and Range Province of the western conterminous United States are characterized in a series of data sets depicted in maps compiled for evaluation of prospective areas for further study of geohydrologic environments for isolation of high-level radioactive waste. The data sets include: (1) Average precipitation and evaporation; (2) surface distribution of selected rock types; (3) tectonic conditions; and (4) surface- and ground-water hydrology and Pleistocene lakes and marshes. Rocks mapped for consideration as potential host media for the isolation of high-level radioactive waste are widespread and include argillaceous rocks, granitic rocks, tuffaceous rocks, mafic extrusive rocks, evaporites, and laharic breccias. The unsaturated zone, where probably as thick as 150 meters (500 feet), was mapped for consideration as an environment for isolation of high-level waste. Unsaturated rocks of various lithologic types are widespread in the Province. Tectonic stability in the Quaternary Period is considered the key to assessing the probability of future tectonism with regard to high-level radioactive waste disposal. Tectonic conditions are characterized on the basis of the seismic record, heat-flow measurements, the occurrence of Quaternary faults, vertical crustal movement, and volcanic features. Tectonic activity, as indicated by seismicity, is greatest in areas bordering the western margin of the Province in Nevada and southern California, the eastern margin of the Province bordering the Wasatch Mountains in Utah and in parts of the Rio Grande valley. Late Cenozoic volcanic activity is widespread, being greatest bordering the Sierra Nevada in California and Oregon, and bordering the Wasatch Mountains in southern Utah and Idaho. The arid to semiarid climate of the Province results in few perennial streams and lakes. A large part of the surface drainage is interior and the many closed basins commonly are occupied by playas or dry lake beds. The Province is divided into ground-water flow units defined on the basis of ground-water divides, ground-water flow lines, and surface streams that receive ground-water discharge. Ground water contains less than 500 milligrams per liter of dissolved solids throughout most of the Province. Ground water is more mineralized in areas underlain by evaporitic rocks, overlain by playas, and near saline lakes. Ground water is of the calcium, magnesium, or sodium bicarbonate type in the areas where dissolved-solids concentrations are less than 500 milligrams per liter, and of the calcium, magnesium, or sodium sulfate or chloride type where dissolved-solids concentrations are greater than 500 milligrams per liter. Geologic and hydrologic evidence is found for about 100 lakes and marshes that existed during the Pleistocene Epoch. The possibility of a recurrence of pluvial conditions, such as existed in the Pleistocene, is of concern in repository siting because of possible changes in hydrologic conditions. The Pleistocene lakes and marshes provide clues to the hydrology during pluvial climates. Close

• 96. [Image] The Water Report - Watershed assessments: the Upper Klamath Basin process

  	Only portions of issues of The Water Report are available in the Klamath Waters Digital Library. See the full report at http://www.thewaterreport.com/
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The Water Report - Watershed assessments: the Upper Klamath Basin process Author: Envirotech Publications Year: 2004, 2008, 2006 Only portions of issues of The Water Report are available in the Klamath Waters Digital Library. See the full report at http://www.thewaterreport.com/ Title: The Water Report - Watershed assessments: the Upper Klamath Basin process Author: Envirotech Publications Year: 2004, 2008, 2006 Only portions of issues of The Water Report are available in the Klamath Waters Digital Library. See the full report at http://www.thewaterreport.com/ Close

• 97. [Image] Klamath River Basin Compact between the states of Oregon and California

  	"Ratified by state of Oregon, April 17, 1957 ... and state of California, April 17, 1957 ... consented to by the United States Congress ..."; "[R]epresentative of the United States of America, the States ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Klamath River Basin Compact between the states of Oregon and California Year: 1957, 2004 "Ratified by state of Oregon, April 17, 1957 ... and state of California, April 17, 1957 ... consented to by the United States Congress ..."; "[R]epresentative of the United States of America, the States of California and Oregon have agreed on the compact articles hereinafter set out which were approved by the Klamath River Commissions of Oregon and California on November 17, 1956, and ratified by the Legislatures of Oregon (Chap. 142, Oregon State Laws 1957) and California (Chap. 113, Calif. Statutes 1957) on April 17, 1957. This compact was consented to by Act of Congress (71 Stat. 497) on August 30, 1957, and became effective on September 11, 1957." Title: Klamath River Basin Compact between the states of Oregon and California Year: 1957, 2004 "Ratified by state of Oregon, April 17, 1957 ... and state of California, April 17, 1957 ... consented to by the United States Congress ..."; "[R]epresentative of the United States of America, the States of California and Oregon have agreed on the compact articles hereinafter set out which were approved by the Klamath River Commissions of Oregon and California on November 17, 1956, and ratified by the Legislatures of Oregon (Chap. 142, Oregon State Laws 1957) and California (Chap. 113, Calif. Statutes 1957) on April 17, 1957. This compact was consented to by Act of Congress (71 Stat. 497) on August 30, 1957, and became effective on September 11, 1957." Close

• 98. [Image] Water quality monitoring : technical guide book

  	"July 1999."
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Water quality monitoring : technical guide book Author: Oregon. Governor's Watershed Enhancement Board Year: 1999, 2005, 2004 "July 1999." Title: Water quality monitoring : technical guide book Author: Oregon. Governor's Watershed Enhancement Board Year: 1999, 2005, 2004 "July 1999." Close

• 99. [Image] Environmental assessment for snowmobile rulemaking in Crater Lake National Park, January 2001

  	ill., maps; "00383.O1D-CRATER LAKE"; "NPSD-306 Jan 2001"; Includes bibliographical references
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Environmental assessment for snowmobile rulemaking in Crater Lake National Park, January 2001 Author: Crater Lake National Park (Agency : U.S.) Year: 2001, 2010 ill., maps; "00383.O1D-CRATER LAKE"; "NPSD-306 Jan 2001"; Includes bibliographical references Title: Environmental assessment for snowmobile rulemaking in Crater Lake National Park, January 2001 Author: Crater Lake National Park (Agency : U.S.) Year: 2001, 2010 ill., maps; "00383.O1D-CRATER LAKE"; "NPSD-306 Jan 2001"; Includes bibliographical references Close

• 100. [Image] Final winter use plan and environmental assessment: Crater Lake National Park, Oregon

  	ill., maps; "August, 1994"; Includes appendices; "Jones/Winter use 08/22/94e."
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Final winter use plan and environmental assessment: Crater Lake National Park, Oregon Author: United States; National Park Service; Denver Service Center Year: 1994, 2009, 2010 ill., maps; "August, 1994"; Includes appendices; "Jones/Winter use 08/22/94e." Title: Final winter use plan and environmental assessment: Crater Lake National Park, Oregon Author: United States; National Park Service; Denver Service Center Year: 1994, 2009, 2010 ill., maps; "August, 1994"; Includes appendices; "Jones/Winter use 08/22/94e." Close