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• 1. [Image] Salmon-Fishing By Machinery On The Columbia River

  	Brief article detailing the use of fishing wheels for catching salmon on the Columbia River. Most of the page is taken up by a drawing of a fishing boat equipped with a fishing wheel. The drawing shows ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Salmon-Fishing By Machinery On The Columbia River Brief article detailing the use of fishing wheels for catching salmon on the Columbia River. Most of the page is taken up by a drawing of a fishing boat equipped with a fishing wheel. The drawing shows four men on the boat who are pulling the fish from the wheel and stacking them on the deck of the boat. Three people stand watching on the banks of the river. Cliffs and mountains are visible in the background. Title: Salmon-Fishing By Machinery On The Columbia River Brief article detailing the use of fishing wheels for catching salmon on the Columbia River. Most of the page is taken up by a drawing of a fishing boat equipped with a fishing wheel. The drawing shows four men on the boat who are pulling the fish from the wheel and stacking them on the deck of the boat. Three people stand watching on the banks of the river. Cliffs and mountains are visible in the background. Close

• 2. [Image] Fish catch & shark liver cans

  	Catch of fish & shark liver cans
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Fish catch & shark liver cans Year: 1947 Catch of fish & shark liver cans Title: Fish catch & shark liver cans Year: 1947 Catch of fish & shark liver cans Close

• 3. [Image] Men in boat taking salmon from fish trap on Columbia River. J.F. Ford photo.

  	Black and white image of men in a boat taking fish from a fish trap on the Columbia River. The trap is constructed of tall wooden poles with nets strung in between them. There are four men in the boat, ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Men in boat taking salmon from fish trap on Columbia River. J.F. Ford photo. Year: 1880 Black and white image of men in a boat taking fish from a fish trap on the Columbia River. The trap is constructed of tall wooden poles with nets strung in between them. There are four men in the boat, all wearing long-sleeved shirts, pants, and hats. A fish can be seen on the far right as it is being pulled into the boat. In the background can be seen other fish traps and the opposite bank of the river. Trees line the riverbank. Written on the bottom left of the image are the words "278 J.F.Ford." Title: Men in boat taking salmon from fish trap on Columbia River. J.F. Ford photo. Year: 1880 Black and white image of men in a boat taking fish from a fish trap on the Columbia River. The trap is constructed of tall wooden poles with nets strung in between them. There are four men in the boat, all wearing long-sleeved shirts, pants, and hats. A fish can be seen on the far right as it is being pulled into the boat. In the background can be seen other fish traps and the opposite bank of the river. Trees line the riverbank. Written on the bottom left of the image are the words "278 J.F.Ford." Close

• 4. [Image] Men in boat taking salmon from fish trap on Columbia River. J.F. Ford photo.

  	Black and white image of men in a boat taking fish from a fish trap on the Columbia River. The trap is constructed of tall wooden poles with nets strung in between them. There are four men in the boat, ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Men in boat taking salmon from fish trap on Columbia River. J.F. Ford photo. Year: 1880 Black and white image of men in a boat taking fish from a fish trap on the Columbia River. The trap is constructed of tall wooden poles with nets strung in between them. There are four men in the boat, all wearing long-sleeved shirts, pants, and hats. A fish can be seen on the far right as it is being pulled into the boat. In the background can be seen other fish traps and the opposite bank of the river. Trees line the riverbank. Written on the bottom left of the image are the words "278 J.F.Ford." Title: Men in boat taking salmon from fish trap on Columbia River. J.F. Ford photo. Year: 1880 Black and white image of men in a boat taking fish from a fish trap on the Columbia River. The trap is constructed of tall wooden poles with nets strung in between them. There are four men in the boat, all wearing long-sleeved shirts, pants, and hats. A fish can be seen on the far right as it is being pulled into the boat. In the background can be seen other fish traps and the opposite bank of the river. Trees line the riverbank. Written on the bottom left of the image are the words "278 J.F.Ford." Close

• 5. [Image] PH037_F00033; 19583; P33

  	[Halibut catch on wharf at Newport, OR. Men cleaning fish next to shed in background.]; default
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: PH037_F00033; 19583; P33 Year: 1880 [Halibut catch on wharf at Newport, OR. Men cleaning fish next to shed in background.]; default Title: PH037_F00033; 19583; P33 Year: 1880 [Halibut catch on wharf at Newport, OR. Men cleaning fish next to shed in background.]; default Close

• 6. [Image] Fishing on the Columbia River; Fishing on the Columbia River

  	A black-and-white stereoscopic view of a man fishing. The man appears to be either Asian or black. He wears a light shirt and dark jacket, both with wide sleeves, medium-light pants, and dark shoes. Half ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Fishing on the Columbia River; Fishing on the Columbia River A black-and-white stereoscopic view of a man fishing. The man appears to be either Asian or black. He wears a light shirt and dark jacket, both with wide sleeves, medium-light pants, and dark shoes. Half his head is either shaved or balding; the dark straight hair on the back half may be held back by some sort of headband. The man squats on a driftwood log at the edge of the placid river water. He holds a wood or bamboo pole out at a 90-degree angle to his body. On the log in front of him are twigs strung with small fish and weighed down with another piece of driftwood. At the very left edge of the left-side photograph can be seen part of a wooden bucket. Along the upper bank of the river to his left runs a line of telephone or telegraph poles. Beyond him stretches the river and forested hills. Title: Fishing on the Columbia River; Fishing on the Columbia River A black-and-white stereoscopic view of a man fishing. The man appears to be either Asian or black. He wears a light shirt and dark jacket, both with wide sleeves, medium-light pants, and dark shoes. Half his head is either shaved or balding; the dark straight hair on the back half may be held back by some sort of headband. The man squats on a driftwood log at the edge of the placid river water. He holds a wood or bamboo pole out at a 90-degree angle to his body. On the log in front of him are twigs strung with small fish and weighed down with another piece of driftwood. At the very left edge of the left-side photograph can be seen part of a wooden bucket. Along the upper bank of the river to his left runs a line of telephone or telegraph poles. Beyond him stretches the river and forested hills. Close

• 7. [Image] Fishing on the Columbia River; Fishing on the Columbia River

  	A black-and-white stereoscopic view of a man fishing. The man appears to be either Asian or black. He wears a light shirt and dark jacket, both with wide sleeves, medium-light pants, and dark shoes. Half ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Fishing on the Columbia River; Fishing on the Columbia River A black-and-white stereoscopic view of a man fishing. The man appears to be either Asian or black. He wears a light shirt and dark jacket, both with wide sleeves, medium-light pants, and dark shoes. Half his head is either shaved or balding; the dark straight hair on the back half may be held back by some sort of headband. The man squats on a driftwood log at the edge of the placid river water. He holds a wood or bamboo pole out at a 90-degree angle to his body. On the log in front of him are twigs strung with small fish and weighed down with another piece of driftwood. At the very left edge of the left-side photograph can be seen part of a wooden bucket. Along the upper bank of the river to his left runs a line of telephone or telegraph poles. Beyond him stretches the river and forested hills. Title: Fishing on the Columbia River; Fishing on the Columbia River A black-and-white stereoscopic view of a man fishing. The man appears to be either Asian or black. He wears a light shirt and dark jacket, both with wide sleeves, medium-light pants, and dark shoes. Half his head is either shaved or balding; the dark straight hair on the back half may be held back by some sort of headband. The man squats on a driftwood log at the edge of the placid river water. He holds a wood or bamboo pole out at a 90-degree angle to his body. On the log in front of him are twigs strung with small fish and weighed down with another piece of driftwood. At the very left edge of the left-side photograph can be seen part of a wooden bucket. Along the upper bank of the river to his left runs a line of telephone or telegraph poles. Beyond him stretches the river and forested hills. Close

• 8. [Image] Columbia River Salmon Fisheries

  	2 p. Article detailing the salmon fishing industry on the Columbia River, including providing details on salmon spawning and the use of fish wheels. The use of Chinese, Scandinavian, and Russian immigrants ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Columbia River Salmon Fisheries 2 p. Article detailing the salmon fishing industry on the Columbia River, including providing details on salmon spawning and the use of fish wheels. The use of Chinese, Scandinavian, and Russian immigrants in the fishing and canning is described. There is also discussion of the town of Astoria and its expected growth. Title: Columbia River Salmon Fisheries 2 p. Article detailing the salmon fishing industry on the Columbia River, including providing details on salmon spawning and the use of fish wheels. The use of Chinese, Scandinavian, and Russian immigrants in the fishing and canning is described. There is also discussion of the town of Astoria and its expected growth. Close

• 9. [Image] Fish wheel on the Columbia River. Commercial method of salmon fishing. About 1915. (On sticker on back of photo)

  	A black-and-white photograph showing a wooden fish wheel on the Columbia River. Across the river several buildings are visible on the shore. Forested hills rise up to the mountains. It looks as though ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Fish wheel on the Columbia River. Commercial method of salmon fishing. About 1915. (On sticker on back of photo) A black-and-white photograph showing a wooden fish wheel on the Columbia River. Across the river several buildings are visible on the shore. Forested hills rise up to the mountains. It looks as though Table Mountain is in the background. Title: Fish wheel on the Columbia River. Commercial method of salmon fishing. About 1915. (On sticker on back of photo) A black-and-white photograph showing a wooden fish wheel on the Columbia River. Across the river several buildings are visible on the shore. Forested hills rise up to the mountains. It looks as though Table Mountain is in the background. Close

• 10. [Image] Fish wheel on the Columbia River. Commercial method of salmon fishing. About 1915. (On sticker on back of photo)

  	A black-and-white photograph showing a wooden fish wheel on the Columbia River. Across the river several buildings are visible on the shore. Forested hills rise up to the mountains. It looks as though ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Fish wheel on the Columbia River. Commercial method of salmon fishing. About 1915. (On sticker on back of photo) A black-and-white photograph showing a wooden fish wheel on the Columbia River. Across the river several buildings are visible on the shore. Forested hills rise up to the mountains. It looks as though Table Mountain is in the background. Title: Fish wheel on the Columbia River. Commercial method of salmon fishing. About 1915. (On sticker on back of photo) A black-and-white photograph showing a wooden fish wheel on the Columbia River. Across the river several buildings are visible on the shore. Forested hills rise up to the mountains. It looks as though Table Mountain is in the background. Close

• 11. [Image] Fishing boats tied to wharf on Columbia River.

  	Black and white image of fishing boats docked at a whark on the Columbia River. Fishing nets are hanging to dry on wharf. Several men are standing or walking along the wooden walkways of the wharf.There ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Fishing boats tied to wharf on Columbia River. Year: 1880 Black and white image of fishing boats docked at a whark on the Columbia River. Fishing nets are hanging to dry on wharf. Several men are standing or walking along the wooden walkways of the wharf.There are ladders leading down from the wharf to the boats. In the boats can be seen oars and fishing gear. Men are sitting in several of the boats. On the right hand side of the image is the riverbank with pine trees growing up the side of a small hill. The riverbank curves around to the right and two wooden buildings can be seen. Title: Fishing boats tied to wharf on Columbia River. Year: 1880 Black and white image of fishing boats docked at a whark on the Columbia River. Fishing nets are hanging to dry on wharf. Several men are standing or walking along the wooden walkways of the wharf.There are ladders leading down from the wharf to the boats. In the boats can be seen oars and fishing gear. Men are sitting in several of the boats. On the right hand side of the image is the riverbank with pine trees growing up the side of a small hill. The riverbank curves around to the right and two wooden buildings can be seen. Close

• 12. [Image] Fish wheel off point of land on Columbia River

  	Black and white image of a fish wheel along the banks of the Columbia River. In the background are mountains and trees lining the riverbank. Several houses can be seen on the opposite shore. The fish wheel ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Fish wheel off point of land on Columbia River Year: 1880 Black and white image of a fish wheel along the banks of the Columbia River. In the background are mountains and trees lining the riverbank. Several houses can be seen on the opposite shore. The fish wheel juts out from the riverbank in the foreground of the image. There is a wooden walkway leading out to the wheel and there appears to be a small fishing trawler docked to the side of it. Title: Fish wheel off point of land on Columbia River Year: 1880 Black and white image of a fish wheel along the banks of the Columbia River. In the background are mountains and trees lining the riverbank. Several houses can be seen on the opposite shore. The fish wheel juts out from the riverbank in the foreground of the image. There is a wooden walkway leading out to the wheel and there appears to be a small fishing trawler docked to the side of it. Close

• 13. [Image] Fish wheel off point of land on Columbia River

  	Black and white image of a fish wheel along the banks of the Columbia River. In the background are mountains and trees lining the riverbank. Several houses can be seen on the opposite shore. The fish wheel ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Fish wheel off point of land on Columbia River Year: 1880 Black and white image of a fish wheel along the banks of the Columbia River. In the background are mountains and trees lining the riverbank. Several houses can be seen on the opposite shore. The fish wheel juts out from the riverbank in the foreground of the image. There is a wooden walkway leading out to the wheel and there appears to be a small fishing trawler docked to the side of it. Title: Fish wheel off point of land on Columbia River Year: 1880 Black and white image of a fish wheel along the banks of the Columbia River. In the background are mountains and trees lining the riverbank. Several houses can be seen on the opposite shore. The fish wheel juts out from the riverbank in the foreground of the image. There is a wooden walkway leading out to the wheel and there appears to be a small fishing trawler docked to the side of it. Close

• 14. [Image] Fishing boats tied to wharf on Columbia River.

  	Black and white image of fishing boats docked at a whark on the Columbia River. Fishing nets are hanging to dry on wharf. Several men are standing or walking along the wooden walkways of the wharf.There ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Fishing boats tied to wharf on Columbia River. Year: 1880 Black and white image of fishing boats docked at a whark on the Columbia River. Fishing nets are hanging to dry on wharf. Several men are standing or walking along the wooden walkways of the wharf.There are ladders leading down from the wharf to the boats. In the boats can be seen oars and fishing gear. Men are sitting in several of the boats. On the right hand side of the image is the riverbank with pine trees growing up the side of a small hill. The riverbank curves around to the right and two wooden buildings can be seen. Title: Fishing boats tied to wharf on Columbia River. Year: 1880 Black and white image of fishing boats docked at a whark on the Columbia River. Fishing nets are hanging to dry on wharf. Several men are standing or walking along the wooden walkways of the wharf.There are ladders leading down from the wharf to the boats. In the boats can be seen oars and fishing gear. Men are sitting in several of the boats. On the right hand side of the image is the riverbank with pine trees growing up the side of a small hill. The riverbank curves around to the right and two wooden buildings can be seen. Close

• 15. [Image] Hauling Seine, Columbia River, Oregon

  	A black-and white photograph of a group of men on a bank of the Columbia River. On the bank lies a fishing seine or net, which some of them are still hauling out of the water. Dark floats can be seen at ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Hauling Seine, Columbia River, Oregon A black-and white photograph of a group of men on a bank of the Columbia River. On the bank lies a fishing seine or net, which some of them are still hauling out of the water. Dark floats can be seen at the edges of the seine. In the water a few feet from the bank is a wooden rowboat. One of its oars is set so it sticks up vertically. At its stern is a haul of fish, which a man in a wide-brimmed hat and long white apron is touching. He is one of about ten men, all but one wearing hats or caps, who are lined up in the water and along the edge of the shore contemplating the catch or watching the photographer. Another man in apron and hat stands in the water at the prow of the ship, hands on hips. Across the wide river are forested hills. Title: Hauling Seine, Columbia River, Oregon A black-and white photograph of a group of men on a bank of the Columbia River. On the bank lies a fishing seine or net, which some of them are still hauling out of the water. Dark floats can be seen at the edges of the seine. In the water a few feet from the bank is a wooden rowboat. One of its oars is set so it sticks up vertically. At its stern is a haul of fish, which a man in a wide-brimmed hat and long white apron is touching. He is one of about ten men, all but one wearing hats or caps, who are lined up in the water and along the edge of the shore contemplating the catch or watching the photographer. Another man in apron and hat stands in the water at the prow of the ship, hands on hips. Across the wide river are forested hills. Close

• 16. [Image] Hauling Seine, Columbia River, Oregon

  	A black-and white photograph of a group of men on a bank of the Columbia River. On the bank lies a fishing seine or net, which some of them are still hauling out of the water. Dark floats can be seen at ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Hauling Seine, Columbia River, Oregon A black-and white photograph of a group of men on a bank of the Columbia River. On the bank lies a fishing seine or net, which some of them are still hauling out of the water. Dark floats can be seen at the edges of the seine. In the water a few feet from the bank is a wooden rowboat. One of its oars is set so it sticks up vertically. At its stern is a haul of fish, which a man in a wide-brimmed hat and long white apron is touching. He is one of about ten men, all but one wearing hats or caps, who are lined up in the water and along the edge of the shore contemplating the catch or watching the photographer. Another man in apron and hat stands in the water at the prow of the ship, hands on hips. Across the wide river are forested hills. Title: Hauling Seine, Columbia River, Oregon A black-and white photograph of a group of men on a bank of the Columbia River. On the bank lies a fishing seine or net, which some of them are still hauling out of the water. Dark floats can be seen at the edges of the seine. In the water a few feet from the bank is a wooden rowboat. One of its oars is set so it sticks up vertically. At its stern is a haul of fish, which a man in a wide-brimmed hat and long white apron is touching. He is one of about ten men, all but one wearing hats or caps, who are lined up in the water and along the edge of the shore contemplating the catch or watching the photographer. Another man in apron and hat stands in the water at the prow of the ship, hands on hips. Across the wide river are forested hills. Close

• 17. [Image] Fisherman and Sturgeon Columbia River; Fisherman & Sturgeon on Columbia River

  	A black-and-white stereographic photograph. A white man sits at the prow of a wooden rowboat which is pulled partway onto a bank of the Columbia River. He wears a hat with a rounded crown and wide brim, ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Fisherman and Sturgeon Columbia River; Fisherman & Sturgeon on Columbia River A black-and-white stereographic photograph. A white man sits at the prow of a wooden rowboat which is pulled partway onto a bank of the Columbia River. He wears a hat with a rounded crown and wide brim, a light shirt and jacket, sturdy pants and shoes. A painter on his right leads from the bow to the left edge of the photo. He holds a slim pole longer than he is tall. At the right of the rowboat in the water is a dark rock, and the oars are laid so the handles are in the boat and the flat ends rest on top of the rock. Lying in the water at the man's feet is a sturgeon. The fish is almost half as long as the boat. In the background stretches the river, with forested hills above the banks. Title: Fisherman and Sturgeon Columbia River; Fisherman & Sturgeon on Columbia River A black-and-white stereographic photograph. A white man sits at the prow of a wooden rowboat which is pulled partway onto a bank of the Columbia River. He wears a hat with a rounded crown and wide brim, a light shirt and jacket, sturdy pants and shoes. A painter on his right leads from the bow to the left edge of the photo. He holds a slim pole longer than he is tall. At the right of the rowboat in the water is a dark rock, and the oars are laid so the handles are in the boat and the flat ends rest on top of the rock. Lying in the water at the man's feet is a sturgeon. The fish is almost half as long as the boat. In the background stretches the river, with forested hills above the banks. Close

• 18. [Image] Fisherman and Sturgeon Columbia River; Fisherman & Sturgeon on Columbia River

  	A black-and-white stereographic photograph. A white man sits at the prow of a wooden rowboat which is pulled partway onto a bank of the Columbia River. He wears a hat with a rounded crown and wide brim, ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Fisherman and Sturgeon Columbia River; Fisherman & Sturgeon on Columbia River A black-and-white stereographic photograph. A white man sits at the prow of a wooden rowboat which is pulled partway onto a bank of the Columbia River. He wears a hat with a rounded crown and wide brim, a light shirt and jacket, sturdy pants and shoes. A painter on his right leads from the bow to the left edge of the photo. He holds a slim pole longer than he is tall. At the right of the rowboat in the water is a dark rock, and the oars are laid so the handles are in the boat and the flat ends rest on top of the rock. Lying in the water at the man's feet is a sturgeon. The fish is almost half as long as the boat. In the background stretches the river, with forested hills above the banks. Title: Fisherman and Sturgeon Columbia River; Fisherman & Sturgeon on Columbia River A black-and-white stereographic photograph. A white man sits at the prow of a wooden rowboat which is pulled partway onto a bank of the Columbia River. He wears a hat with a rounded crown and wide brim, a light shirt and jacket, sturdy pants and shoes. A painter on his right leads from the bow to the left edge of the photo. He holds a slim pole longer than he is tall. At the right of the rowboat in the water is a dark rock, and the oars are laid so the handles are in the boat and the flat ends rest on top of the rock. Lying in the water at the man's feet is a sturgeon. The fish is almost half as long as the boat. In the background stretches the river, with forested hills above the banks. Close

• 19. [Image] The Fish

  	This piece depicts a series of fish, defined in red, white, and blue, that are vertically oriented on a black background. Four horizontal sections of patterned and torn paper intersects the fish and creates ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The Fish Author: Sogabe, Aki Year: 1975 This piece depicts a series of fish, defined in red, white, and blue, that are vertically oriented on a black background. Four horizontal sections of patterned and torn paper intersects the fish and creates the illusion that the fish have wings. Title: The Fish Author: Sogabe, Aki Year: 1975 This piece depicts a series of fish, defined in red, white, and blue, that are vertically oriented on a black background. Four horizontal sections of patterned and torn paper intersects the fish and creates the illusion that the fish have wings. Close

• 20. [Image] Destruction of fish runs in the Sandy River

  	Manuscript campaigning for the federal government to aid in controlling the fish resources of the Sandy River. The author states that the Fish Commission and Game Commission cannot keep up with the demand ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Destruction of fish runs in the Sandy River Author: Finley, William L. (William Lovell), 1876-1953 Year: 1930 Manuscript campaigning for the federal government to aid in controlling the fish resources of the Sandy River. The author states that the Fish Commission and Game Commission cannot keep up with the demand of maintaining the fish runs. Document provides a condensed history of the river. Title: Destruction of fish runs in the Sandy River Author: Finley, William L. (William Lovell), 1876-1953 Year: 1930 Manuscript campaigning for the federal government to aid in controlling the fish resources of the Sandy River. The author states that the Fish Commission and Game Commission cannot keep up with the demand of maintaining the fish runs. Document provides a condensed history of the river. Close

• 21. [Image] Bloc_Fish_03

  	10 Leaves. "Loose fish shaped pages, painted on one side, including a flounder with a human head, a mermaid wedding, me underwater surrounded by fish and more tall tales. Housed in a creel shaped silk ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Bloc_Fish_03 Author: Blocker, Mare 10 Leaves. "Loose fish shaped pages, painted on one side, including a flounder with a human head, a mermaid wedding, me underwater surrounded by fish and more tall tales. Housed in a creel shaped silk and faux leather lipped clamshell box, decorated with a fishing lure" --Artist's statement from publisher's website.; FISH STORIES Mare Blocker one of a kind 1999 The MKimberly Press Jerome, Arizona Title: Bloc_Fish_03 Author: Blocker, Mare 10 Leaves. "Loose fish shaped pages, painted on one side, including a flounder with a human head, a mermaid wedding, me underwater surrounded by fish and more tall tales. Housed in a creel shaped silk and faux leather lipped clamshell box, decorated with a fishing lure" --Artist's statement from publisher's website.; FISH STORIES Mare Blocker one of a kind 1999 The MKimberly Press Jerome, Arizona Close

• 22. [Image] PH037_F00066; 9521; P61

  	[Two men landing salmon in boat with fishing line and gaff.]; default
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: PH037_F00066; 9521; P61 Year: 1880 [Two men landing salmon in boat with fishing line and gaff.]; default Title: PH037_F00066; 9521; P61 Year: 1880 [Two men landing salmon in boat with fishing line and gaff.]; default Close

• 23. [Image] PH037_F00047; 515; P47

  	[Three small boats alongside dock with fishing huts. Men and floats in boats, nets drying on dock.]; default
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: PH037_F00047; 515; P47 Year: 1880 [Three small boats alongside dock with fishing huts. Men and floats in boats, nets drying on dock.]; default Title: PH037_F00047; 515; P47 Year: 1880 [Three small boats alongside dock with fishing huts. Men and floats in boats, nets drying on dock.]; default Close

• 24. [Image] Fishing creel

  	A fishing rod and fishing creel full of fish. Taken near the Jim Paul Ranch in southeastern Oregon.
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Fishing creel Author: Finley, William L. (William Lovell), 1876-1953 Year: 1917 A fishing rod and fishing creel full of fish. Taken near the Jim Paul Ranch in southeastern Oregon. Title: Fishing creel Author: Finley, William L. (William Lovell), 1876-1953 Year: 1917 A fishing rod and fishing creel full of fish. Taken near the Jim Paul Ranch in southeastern Oregon. Close

• 25. [Image] [untitled]

  	Photograph from the Three Underserved Communities Project Records, 1992-1994, in the Oregon Folklife Program Archives.
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: [untitled] Year: 1994 Photograph from the Three Underserved Communities Project Records, 1992-1994, in the Oregon Folklife Program Archives. Title: [untitled] Year: 1994 Photograph from the Three Underserved Communities Project Records, 1992-1994, in the Oregon Folklife Program Archives. Close

• 26. [Image] [untitled]

  	Photograph from the Three Underserved Communities Project Records, 1992-1994, in the Oregon Folklife Program Archives.
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: [untitled] Year: 1994 Photograph from the Three Underserved Communities Project Records, 1992-1994, in the Oregon Folklife Program Archives. Title: [untitled] Year: 1994 Photograph from the Three Underserved Communities Project Records, 1992-1994, in the Oregon Folklife Program Archives. Close

• 27. [Image] [untitled]

  	Photograph from the Three Underserved Communities Project Records, 1992-1994, in the Oregon Folklife Program Archives.
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: [untitled] Year: 1994 Photograph from the Three Underserved Communities Project Records, 1992-1994, in the Oregon Folklife Program Archives. Title: [untitled] Year: 1994 Photograph from the Three Underserved Communities Project Records, 1992-1994, in the Oregon Folklife Program Archives. Close

• 28. [Image] Larry Young at His Workbench

  	Photograph from the Regional Arts Councils Survey Records, 1993, in the Oregon Folklife Program Archives.
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Larry Young at His Workbench Year: 1993 Photograph from the Regional Arts Councils Survey Records, 1993, in the Oregon Folklife Program Archives. Title: Larry Young at His Workbench Year: 1993 Photograph from the Regional Arts Councils Survey Records, 1993, in the Oregon Folklife Program Archives. Close

• 29. [Image] People fishing from dock and men fishing from boat (3)

  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: People fishing from dock and men fishing from boat (3) Year: 2013 Title: People fishing from dock and men fishing from boat (3) Year: 2013 Close

• 30. [Image] Newport fishing fleet, Yaquina Bay

  	Newport fishing fleet, Yaquina Bay
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Newport fishing fleet, Yaquina Bay Year: 1949 Newport fishing fleet, Yaquina Bay Title: Newport fishing fleet, Yaquina Bay Year: 1949 Newport fishing fleet, Yaquina Bay Close

• 31. [Image] Fish ladder

  	Fish ladder on the Washougal River upper dam
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Fish ladder Year: 1935 Fish ladder on the Washougal River upper dam Title: Fish ladder Year: 1935 Fish ladder on the Washougal River upper dam Close

• 32. [Image] Little Red fish on spawning grounds

  	Little Red fish on spawning grounds in Alturus Lake Creek
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Little Red fish on spawning grounds Year: 1935 Little Red fish on spawning grounds in Alturus Lake Creek Title: Little Red fish on spawning grounds Year: 1935 Little Red fish on spawning grounds in Alturus Lake Creek Close

• 33. [Image] Little Red fish on spawning grounds

  	Little Red fish on spawning grounds in Alturus Lake Creek
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Little Red fish on spawning grounds Year: 1935 Little Red fish on spawning grounds in Alturus Lake Creek Title: Little Red fish on spawning grounds Year: 1935 Little Red fish on spawning grounds in Alturus Lake Creek Close

• 34. [Image] Fish ladder

  	Fish ladder on the Washougal River upper dam
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Fish ladder Year: 1935 Fish ladder on the Washougal River upper dam Title: Fish ladder Year: 1935 Fish ladder on the Washougal River upper dam Close

• 35. [Image] Fish ladder

  	Fish ladder on the Washougal River upper dam
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Fish ladder Year: 1935 Fish ladder on the Washougal River upper dam Title: Fish ladder Year: 1935 Fish ladder on the Washougal River upper dam Close

• 36. [Image] Pile trap on Sand Island

  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Pile trap on Sand Island Year: 1937 Title: Pile trap on Sand Island Year: 1937 Close

• 37. [Image] People fishing from dock, men fishing from boat(2)

  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: People fishing from dock, men fishing from boat(2) Year: 2013 Title: People fishing from dock, men fishing from boat(2) Year: 2013 Close

• 38. [Image] People fishing from dock, men fishing from boat

  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: People fishing from dock, men fishing from boat Year: 2013 Title: People fishing from dock, men fishing from boat Year: 2013 Close

• 39. [Image] People fishing from dock, men fishing from boat(4)

  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: People fishing from dock, men fishing from boat(4) Year: 2013 Title: People fishing from dock, men fishing from boat(4) Year: 2013 Close

• 40. [Image] Seufert's Most Famous Fish Wheel #6 at 5 Mile Rapids - 1895 - Caught the most fish and made the most money - Note footbridge crossing to Fish Wheel #5

  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Seufert's Most Famous Fish Wheel #6 at 5 Mile Rapids - 1895 - Caught the most fish and made the most money - Note footbridge crossing to Fish Wheel #5 Title: Seufert's Most Famous Fish Wheel #6 at 5 Mile Rapids - 1895 - Caught the most fish and made the most money - Note footbridge crossing to Fish Wheel #5 Close

• 41. [Image] Issue Backgrounder: Environment and Power: Enhancing our Fish & Wildlife Resources

  	For years, BPA's only job was to market power from the 28 Federal dams on the Columbia River and its tributaries. Now BPA has a new assignment - to restore fish and wildlife damaged by the development ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Issue Backgrounder: Environment and Power: Enhancing our Fish & Wildlife Resources Author: Bonneville Power Administration Year: 1984 For years, BPA's only job was to market power from the 28 Federal dams on the Columbia River and its tributaries. Now BPA has a new assignment - to restore fish and wildlife damaged by the development and operation of the hydroelectric system Title: Issue Backgrounder: Environment and Power: Enhancing our Fish & Wildlife Resources Author: Bonneville Power Administration Year: 1984 For years, BPA's only job was to market power from the 28 Federal dams on the Columbia River and its tributaries. Now BPA has a new assignment - to restore fish and wildlife damaged by the development and operation of the hydroelectric system Close

• 42. [Image] Evaluate causes for the decline of the shortnose and Lost River suckers in Klamath Lake, Oregon

  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Evaluate causes for the decline of the shortnose and Lost River suckers in Klamath Lake, Oregon Author: Oregon. Fish Division Year: 1987, 2005 Title: Evaluate causes for the decline of the shortnose and Lost River suckers in Klamath Lake, Oregon Author: Oregon. Fish Division Year: 1987, 2005 Close

• 43. [Image] Fishing for the Halibut

  	A black-and-white linocut rendering of six men with different symols floating above their heads. From left to right, the items above the men's heads include a fish, a light bulb, a linear graph, a crown, ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Fishing for the Halibut Author: Cunningham, Dennis, 1949- A black-and-white linocut rendering of six men with different symols floating above their heads. From left to right, the items above the men's heads include a fish, a light bulb, a linear graph, a crown, another fish, and some sort of curly-cue. Below the men, there are three distinct areas that present three different scenes that all relate to fishing. The left area depicts a lighthouse along the coast, along with two smaller areas that depict a woman and a cup of steaming beverage. The middle area depicts a fishing boat and a map. The right area depicts a pile of fish and an area that contains what appears to be a fishing lure with a circle and slash over the top of it.; 1989 Title: Fishing for the Halibut Author: Cunningham, Dennis, 1949- A black-and-white linocut rendering of six men with different symols floating above their heads. From left to right, the items above the men's heads include a fish, a light bulb, a linear graph, a crown, another fish, and some sort of curly-cue. Below the men, there are three distinct areas that present three different scenes that all relate to fishing. The left area depicts a lighthouse along the coast, along with two smaller areas that depict a woman and a cup of steaming beverage. The middle area depicts a fishing boat and a map. The right area depicts a pile of fish and an area that contains what appears to be a fishing lure with a circle and slash over the top of it.; 1989 Close

• 44. [Image] PH001_0099 C.L. Andrews photographs; #1073 (Andrews 693); AD 99; Prince William Sound Salmon and Herring Packing Co.

  	Wooden fish-packing warehouse attached to pier with stacked wooden barrels. Two men in suits and one in hat stand on pier next to two docked fishing boats. A wooden ladder lays to the right of the two ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: PH001_0099 C.L. Andrews photographs; #1073 (Andrews 693); AD 99; Prince William Sound Salmon and Herring Packing Co. Author: unknown Year: 1880 Wooden fish-packing warehouse attached to pier with stacked wooden barrels. Two men in suits and one in hat stand on pier next to two docked fishing boats. A wooden ladder lays to the right of the two men. One man stands on the deck of the fishing boat in the foreground with his hands in his pockets. He is wearing a hat, long sleeved shirt, and dark pants. Ropes, and lanterns are visble on the boat. Behind this boat is another fishing boat that contains two men and possibly a pile of fish nets. Title: PH001_0099 C.L. Andrews photographs; #1073 (Andrews 693); AD 99; Prince William Sound Salmon and Herring Packing Co. Author: unknown Year: 1880 Wooden fish-packing warehouse attached to pier with stacked wooden barrels. Two men in suits and one in hat stand on pier next to two docked fishing boats. A wooden ladder lays to the right of the two men. One man stands on the deck of the fishing boat in the foreground with his hands in his pockets. He is wearing a hat, long sleeved shirt, and dark pants. Ropes, and lanterns are visble on the boat. Behind this boat is another fishing boat that contains two men and possibly a pile of fish nets. Close

• 45. [Image] Klamath River fish die-off, September 2002 : report on estimate of mortality

  	Klamath River Fish Die-off, September 2002, Mortality Report, FWS, Arcata, CA Summary of Findings This report provides an estimate of the fish mortality that occurred during the September 2002 Klamath ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Klamath River fish die-off, September 2002 : report on estimate of mortality Author: Guillen, George. Year: 2003, 2005, 2004 Klamath River Fish Die-off, September 2002, Mortality Report, FWS, Arcata, CA Summary of Findings This report provides an estimate of the fish mortality that occurred during the September 2002 Klamath River die-off. The intent of this report is to provide natural resource agencies and trustees with information describing the magnitude of this event for their consideration in near-term decisions regarding the affected fisheries resources and related assets under their authority. The Fish and Wildlife Service (Service), in cooperation with other federal and state agencies and Tribes, will continue to collaborate and evaluate information collected during the die-off. This report describes a conservative assessment, which probably underestimates the total number of fish that died during this event. Findings described in this report include the following: 22 The most accurate estimate of the total number of observable fish that died during the incident is 34,056. 22 Approximately 98.4 percent of the dead fish observed were adult anadromous salmonids 22 Out of 33,527 anadromous salmonids estimated to have succumbed during this event, 97.1 percent (32,533) were fall-run Chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha, 1.8 percent (629) were steelhead, O. mykiss, and 1.0 percent (344) were coho salmon, O. kisutch. Only one coastal cutthroat, O. clarki clarki was found dead during the investigation. 22 Approximately 91.5 percent of the coho salmon, and 38.7 percent of the steelhead observed had marks indicating that they were of hatchery origin. All hatchery coho originated from the Trinity River Hatchery. After accounting for variable tagging and shed rates, the Klamath River Technical Advisory Team (KRTAT) estimated that 7,060 (21.7 percent) Chinook were of hatchery origin. A total of 2,921 (9 percent) Chinook were of Iron Gate (Klamath River) Hatchery origin. A total of 4,139 (12.7 percent) Chinook were of Trinity River Hatchery origin. 22 The KRTAT also estimated that dead Chinook salmon represented 19.2 percent of the total (169,,297) in-river Klamath-Trinity River run. 22 Other dead fish observed during the investigation included sculpins, Cottus spp. (87 fish), speckled dace, Rhinichthys osculus (9 fish), Klamath smallscale sucker, Catostomus rimiculus (311 fish), one American shad, Alosa sapidissima, and one green sturgeon, Acipencer medirostris. ii Klamath River Fish Die-off, September 2002, Mortality Report, FWS, Arcata, CA 22 Throughout the investigation, live adult and juvenile fish of affected and unaffected species were observed in the river. In addition, some species (e.g. American shad, speckled dace, and green sturgeon) did not appear to experience extensive mortality. Almost all (greater than 99 percent) of the dead fish observed were adults or larger species offish. 22 The majority of the recently dead fish examined exhibited one or more outward gross signs of disease including gill necrosis, bacterial growth, sores, bloody vents, and ulcerations. Pathological examinations confirmed that white spot disease and columnaris were the principle immediate causes of death. Additional information collected by the Service and cooperating agencies included a suite of water quality parameters collected during the summer and fall of 2001 and 2002, fish pathology analyses, and related hydrologic information. The Service will provide reports on this additional information after it has received quality assurance review. A more comprehensive report addressing contributing factors associated with causes of the fish die-off will follow. in Title: Klamath River fish die-off, September 2002 : report on estimate of mortality Author: Guillen, George. Year: 2003, 2005, 2004 Klamath River Fish Die-off, September 2002, Mortality Report, FWS, Arcata, CA Summary of Findings This report provides an estimate of the fish mortality that occurred during the September 2002 Klamath River die-off. The intent of this report is to provide natural resource agencies and trustees with information describing the magnitude of this event for their consideration in near-term decisions regarding the affected fisheries resources and related assets under their authority. The Fish and Wildlife Service (Service), in cooperation with other federal and state agencies and Tribes, will continue to collaborate and evaluate information collected during the die-off. This report describes a conservative assessment, which probably underestimates the total number of fish that died during this event. Findings described in this report include the following: 22 The most accurate estimate of the total number of observable fish that died during the incident is 34,056. 22 Approximately 98.4 percent of the dead fish observed were adult anadromous salmonids 22 Out of 33,527 anadromous salmonids estimated to have succumbed during this event, 97.1 percent (32,533) were fall-run Chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha, 1.8 percent (629) were steelhead, O. mykiss, and 1.0 percent (344) were coho salmon, O. kisutch. Only one coastal cutthroat, O. clarki clarki was found dead during the investigation. 22 Approximately 91.5 percent of the coho salmon, and 38.7 percent of the steelhead observed had marks indicating that they were of hatchery origin. All hatchery coho originated from the Trinity River Hatchery. After accounting for variable tagging and shed rates, the Klamath River Technical Advisory Team (KRTAT) estimated that 7,060 (21.7 percent) Chinook were of hatchery origin. A total of 2,921 (9 percent) Chinook were of Iron Gate (Klamath River) Hatchery origin. A total of 4,139 (12.7 percent) Chinook were of Trinity River Hatchery origin. 22 The KRTAT also estimated that dead Chinook salmon represented 19.2 percent of the total (169,,297) in-river Klamath-Trinity River run. 22 Other dead fish observed during the investigation included sculpins, Cottus spp. (87 fish), speckled dace, Rhinichthys osculus (9 fish), Klamath smallscale sucker, Catostomus rimiculus (311 fish), one American shad, Alosa sapidissima, and one green sturgeon, Acipencer medirostris. ii Klamath River Fish Die-off, September 2002, Mortality Report, FWS, Arcata, CA 22 Throughout the investigation, live adult and juvenile fish of affected and unaffected species were observed in the river. In addition, some species (e.g. American shad, speckled dace, and green sturgeon) did not appear to experience extensive mortality. Almost all (greater than 99 percent) of the dead fish observed were adults or larger species offish. 22 The majority of the recently dead fish examined exhibited one or more outward gross signs of disease including gill necrosis, bacterial growth, sores, bloody vents, and ulcerations. Pathological examinations confirmed that white spot disease and columnaris were the principle immediate causes of death. Additional information collected by the Service and cooperating agencies included a suite of water quality parameters collected during the summer and fall of 2001 and 2002, fish pathology analyses, and related hydrologic information. The Service will provide reports on this additional information after it has received quality assurance review. A more comprehensive report addressing contributing factors associated with causes of the fish die-off will follow. in Close

• 46. [Image] Bohlman with fish

  	Herman T. Bohlman standing beside a fishing creel displaying a row of fish.
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Bohlman with fish Author: Bohlman, Herman Year: 1890 Herman T. Bohlman standing beside a fishing creel displaying a row of fish. Title: Bohlman with fish Author: Bohlman, Herman Year: 1890 Herman T. Bohlman standing beside a fishing creel displaying a row of fish. Close

• 47. [Image] Finley and Bohlman with fish catch

  	William L. Finley and Herman T. Bohlman with several fish laid out on a bed of ferns beside their fishing poles.
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Finley and Bohlman with fish catch Author: Bohlman, Herman Year: 1890 William L. Finley and Herman T. Bohlman with several fish laid out on a bed of ferns beside their fishing poles. Title: Finley and Bohlman with fish catch Author: Bohlman, Herman Year: 1890 William L. Finley and Herman T. Bohlman with several fish laid out on a bed of ferns beside their fishing poles. Close

• 48. [Image] Finley and Bohlman with fish catch

  	William L. Finley and Herman T. Bohlman with several fish laid out on a white board beside their fishing poles. Finley is also showing off the torn leg of his pants.
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Finley and Bohlman with fish catch Author: Bohlman, Herman Year: 1890 William L. Finley and Herman T. Bohlman with several fish laid out on a white board beside their fishing poles. Finley is also showing off the torn leg of his pants. Title: Finley and Bohlman with fish catch Author: Bohlman, Herman Year: 1890 William L. Finley and Herman T. Bohlman with several fish laid out on a white board beside their fishing poles. Finley is also showing off the torn leg of his pants. Close

• 49. [Image] Boy Fishing

  	A wooden sculpture of a boy with a fishing pole, holding a fish on a wooden platform.; 1990
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Boy Fishing Author: Childers, Russell A wooden sculpture of a boy with a fishing pole, holding a fish on a wooden platform.; 1990 Title: Boy Fishing Author: Childers, Russell A wooden sculpture of a boy with a fishing pole, holding a fish on a wooden platform.; 1990 Close

• 50. [Image] Casting the Pacific

  	This view details a section of fish that are part of Jeff Whyman's outdoor sculpture, Casting the Pacific.
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Casting the Pacific Author: Whyman, Jeff Year: 1975 This view details a section of fish that are part of Jeff Whyman's outdoor sculpture, Casting the Pacific. Title: Casting the Pacific Author: Whyman, Jeff Year: 1975 This view details a section of fish that are part of Jeff Whyman's outdoor sculpture, Casting the Pacific. Close

• 51. [Image] Casting the Pacific

  	This outdoor sculpture depicts a linear, metal representation of a human figure casting a net toward a school of fish.
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Casting the Pacific Author: Whyman, Jeff Year: 1975 This outdoor sculpture depicts a linear, metal representation of a human figure casting a net toward a school of fish. Title: Casting the Pacific Author: Whyman, Jeff Year: 1975 This outdoor sculpture depicts a linear, metal representation of a human figure casting a net toward a school of fish. Close

• 52. [Image] Casting the Pacific

  	This view details a section of fish that are part of Jeff Whyman's outdoor sculpture, Casting the Pacific, still in the studio prior to installation.
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Casting the Pacific Author: Whyman, Jeff Year: 1975 This view details a section of fish that are part of Jeff Whyman's outdoor sculpture, Casting the Pacific, still in the studio prior to installation. Title: Casting the Pacific Author: Whyman, Jeff Year: 1975 This view details a section of fish that are part of Jeff Whyman's outdoor sculpture, Casting the Pacific, still in the studio prior to installation. Close

• 53. [Image] Casting the Pacific

  	This outdoor sculpture depicts a linear, metal representation of a human figure casting a net toward a school of fish.
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Casting the Pacific Author: Whyman, Jeff Year: 1975 This outdoor sculpture depicts a linear, metal representation of a human figure casting a net toward a school of fish. Title: Casting the Pacific Author: Whyman, Jeff Year: 1975 This outdoor sculpture depicts a linear, metal representation of a human figure casting a net toward a school of fish. Close

• 54. [Image] Casting the Pacific

  	This outdoor sculpture depicts a linear, metal representation of a human figure casting a net toward a school of fish.
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Casting the Pacific Author: Whyman, Jeff Year: 1975 This outdoor sculpture depicts a linear, metal representation of a human figure casting a net toward a school of fish. Title: Casting the Pacific Author: Whyman, Jeff Year: 1975 This outdoor sculpture depicts a linear, metal representation of a human figure casting a net toward a school of fish. Close

• 55. [Image] Casting the Pacific

  	This outdoor sculpture depicts a linear, metal representation of a human figure casting a net toward a school of fish.
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Casting the Pacific Author: Whyman, Jeff Year: 1975 This outdoor sculpture depicts a linear, metal representation of a human figure casting a net toward a school of fish. Title: Casting the Pacific Author: Whyman, Jeff Year: 1975 This outdoor sculpture depicts a linear, metal representation of a human figure casting a net toward a school of fish. Close

• 56. [Image] PH036_0157 Lee Moorhouse photographs

  	[Catch of trout with fishing rod and creel.]
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: PH036_0157 Lee Moorhouse photographs Year: 1900 [Catch of trout with fishing rod and creel.] Title: PH036_0157 Lee Moorhouse photographs Year: 1900 [Catch of trout with fishing rod and creel.] Close

• 57. [Image] Fishermen

  	Manuscript that details the practice of fishing of two species: trout and salmon. There is a heavier focus on the salmon as it goes into the spawning process. The overall tone of the document is about ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Fishermen Author: Finley, Phoebe Katherine Year: 1924 Manuscript that details the practice of fishing of two species: trout and salmon. There is a heavier focus on the salmon as it goes into the spawning process. The overall tone of the document is about the nature of the pursuit of fish. The author ends the document pondering if there is a difference between actually catching the fish and catching a glimpse. Title: Fishermen Author: Finley, Phoebe Katherine Year: 1924 Manuscript that details the practice of fishing of two species: trout and salmon. There is a heavier focus on the salmon as it goes into the spawning process. The overall tone of the document is about the nature of the pursuit of fish. The author ends the document pondering if there is a difference between actually catching the fish and catching a glimpse. Close

• 58. [Image] The symptoms of fishing river

  	Article describing fishing and types of fish found in Oregon waters. Submitted to the Oregon Journal newspaper.
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The symptoms of fishing river Author: Finley, William L. (William Lovell), 1876-1953; Averill, Edgar F., 1881-1955 Year: 1938 Article describing fishing and types of fish found in Oregon waters. Submitted to the Oregon Journal newspaper. Title: The symptoms of fishing river Author: Finley, William L. (William Lovell), 1876-1953; Averill, Edgar F., 1881-1955 Year: 1938 Article describing fishing and types of fish found in Oregon waters. Submitted to the Oregon Journal newspaper. Close

• 59. [Image] Trolling for Chinooks yesterday and today

  	Article describing the causes for the decline in fish populations in Oregon due to pollution and addition of hatchery raised fish. Submitted to the Oregon Journal newspaper.
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Trolling for Chinooks yesterday and today Author: Finley, William L. (William Lovell), 1876-1953; Averill, Edgar F., 1881-1955 Year: 1939 Article describing the causes for the decline in fish populations in Oregon due to pollution and addition of hatchery raised fish. Submitted to the Oregon Journal newspaper. Title: Trolling for Chinooks yesterday and today Author: Finley, William L. (William Lovell), 1876-1953; Averill, Edgar F., 1881-1955 Year: 1939 Article describing the causes for the decline in fish populations in Oregon due to pollution and addition of hatchery raised fish. Submitted to the Oregon Journal newspaper. Close

• 60. [Image] Fishing at Moran’s Landing

  	Silhouettes of three people fishing from a rowboat at Moran’s Landing. Image labeled as Eastman’s Fishing.
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Fishing at Moran’s Landing Author: Finley, William L. (William Lovell), 1876-1953 Year: 1924 Silhouettes of three people fishing from a rowboat at Moran’s Landing. Image labeled as Eastman’s Fishing. Title: Fishing at Moran’s Landing Author: Finley, William L. (William Lovell), 1876-1953 Year: 1924 Silhouettes of three people fishing from a rowboat at Moran’s Landing. Image labeled as Eastman’s Fishing. Close

• 61. [Image] PH037_F00080; 22318; P67

  	[Men in boat picking up fish caught in fish trap.]; default
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: PH037_F00080; 22318; P67 Year: 1880 [Men in boat picking up fish caught in fish trap.]; default Title: PH037_F00080; 22318; P67 Year: 1880 [Men in boat picking up fish caught in fish trap.]; default Close

• 62. [Image] PH037_F00051; 508; P50

  	[Man with gaff pulling in salmon at fish trap. Salmon covering bottom of boat.]; default
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: PH037_F00051; 508; P50 Year: 1880 [Man with gaff pulling in salmon at fish trap. Salmon covering bottom of boat.]; default Title: PH037_F00051; 508; P50 Year: 1880 [Man with gaff pulling in salmon at fish trap. Salmon covering bottom of boat.]; default Close

• 63. [Image] PH037_F00019; 14287; P19

  	[Men with dip nets standing in boats of smelt fishing fleet on Cowlitz River.]; default
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: PH037_F00019; 14287; P19 Year: 1880 [Men with dip nets standing in boats of smelt fishing fleet on Cowlitz River.]; default Title: PH037_F00019; 14287; P19 Year: 1880 [Men with dip nets standing in boats of smelt fishing fleet on Cowlitz River.]; default Close

• 64. [Image] PH037_F00018; 4292A; P18

  	[Smelt fishing fleet at work in Cowlitz River, Washington.]; default
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: PH037_F00018; 4292A; P18 Year: 1880 [Smelt fishing fleet at work in Cowlitz River, Washington.]; default Title: PH037_F00018; 4292A; P18 Year: 1880 [Smelt fishing fleet at work in Cowlitz River, Washington.]; default Close

• 65. [Image] Cole fishing for minnows

  	Cole sitting on a pier attaching a fishing line to a stick to fish for minnows while a dog sits nearby.
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Cole fishing for minnows Author: Finley, William L. (William Lovell), 1876-1953 Year: 1905 Cole sitting on a pier attaching a fishing line to a stick to fish for minnows while a dog sits nearby. Title: Cole fishing for minnows Author: Finley, William L. (William Lovell), 1876-1953 Year: 1905 Cole sitting on a pier attaching a fishing line to a stick to fish for minnows while a dog sits nearby. Close

• 66. [Image] Fishing at Moran’s Landing

  	Silhouettes of two men fishing from a rowboat at Moran’s Landing. Image labeled as Eastman’s Fishing.
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Fishing at Moran’s Landing Author: Finley, William L. (William Lovell), 1876-1953 Year: 1924 Silhouettes of two men fishing from a rowboat at Moran’s Landing. Image labeled as Eastman’s Fishing. Title: Fishing at Moran’s Landing Author: Finley, William L. (William Lovell), 1876-1953 Year: 1924 Silhouettes of two men fishing from a rowboat at Moran’s Landing. Image labeled as Eastman’s Fishing. Close

• 67. [Image] Fishing on Crater Lake

  	Two unidentified men with fishing gear and several large fish standing on the rim of Crater Lake.
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Fishing on Crater Lake Author: Finley, William L. (William Lovell), 1876-1953 Year: 1913 Two unidentified men with fishing gear and several large fish standing on the rim of Crater Lake. Title: Fishing on Crater Lake Author: Finley, William L. (William Lovell), 1876-1953 Year: 1913 Two unidentified men with fishing gear and several large fish standing on the rim of Crater Lake. Close

• 68. [Image] The nets near shore, fishing on the Columbia River, Oregon

  	The fish trap requires more capital to build and operate but yields more profit as great quantities of salmon can be taken by means of it. A considerable number of fish traps are maintained in the Columbia ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The nets near shore, fishing on the Columbia River, Oregon Year: 1925 The fish trap requires more capital to build and operate but yields more profit as great quantities of salmon can be taken by means of it. A considerable number of fish traps are maintained in the Columbia near its mouth. The fish are directed by a long line of netting fastened to piles, into the trap proper, which consist of a number of compartments with walls of netting, one following the other. Title: The nets near shore, fishing on the Columbia River, Oregon Year: 1925 The fish trap requires more capital to build and operate but yields more profit as great quantities of salmon can be taken by means of it. A considerable number of fish traps are maintained in the Columbia near its mouth. The fish are directed by a long line of netting fastened to piles, into the trap proper, which consist of a number of compartments with walls of netting, one following the other. Close

• 69. [Image] Concrete fish wheel built along Columbia River

  	A black and white image of a concrete fish wheel along the banks of the Columbia River. A pile of rocks partially covered by the water is visible in the foreground and the rocky shore of the opposite riverbank ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Concrete fish wheel built along Columbia River Year: 1880 A black and white image of a concrete fish wheel along the banks of the Columbia River. A pile of rocks partially covered by the water is visible in the foreground and the rocky shore of the opposite riverbank is visible. Title: Concrete fish wheel built along Columbia River Year: 1880 A black and white image of a concrete fish wheel along the banks of the Columbia River. A pile of rocks partially covered by the water is visible in the foreground and the rocky shore of the opposite riverbank is visible. Close

• 70. [Image] Concrete fish wheel built along Columbia River

  	A black and white image of a concrete fish wheel along the banks of the Columbia River. A pile of rocks partially covered by the water is visible in the foreground and the rocky shore of the opposite riverbank ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Concrete fish wheel built along Columbia River Year: 1880 A black and white image of a concrete fish wheel along the banks of the Columbia River. A pile of rocks partially covered by the water is visible in the foreground and the rocky shore of the opposite riverbank is visible. Title: Concrete fish wheel built along Columbia River Year: 1880 A black and white image of a concrete fish wheel along the banks of the Columbia River. A pile of rocks partially covered by the water is visible in the foreground and the rocky shore of the opposite riverbank is visible. Close

• 71. [Image] Fishing at the Oregon Sportsman Meeting

  	A group of unidentified men with fishing poles preparing to go fishing off a dock during the Oregon Sportsman Meeting.
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Fishing at the Oregon Sportsman Meeting Author: Finley, William L. (William Lovell), 1876-1953 Year: 1914 A group of unidentified men with fishing poles preparing to go fishing off a dock during the Oregon Sportsman Meeting. Title: Fishing at the Oregon Sportsman Meeting Author: Finley, William L. (William Lovell), 1876-1953 Year: 1914 A group of unidentified men with fishing poles preparing to go fishing off a dock during the Oregon Sportsman Meeting. Close

• 72. [Image] Fishing at the Oregon Sportsman Meeting

  	A group of unidentified men with fishing poles preparing to go fishing off a dock during the Oregon Sportsman Meeting.
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Fishing at the Oregon Sportsman Meeting Author: Finley, William L. (William Lovell), 1876-1953 Year: 1914 A group of unidentified men with fishing poles preparing to go fishing off a dock during the Oregon Sportsman Meeting. Title: Fishing at the Oregon Sportsman Meeting Author: Finley, William L. (William Lovell), 1876-1953 Year: 1914 A group of unidentified men with fishing poles preparing to go fishing off a dock during the Oregon Sportsman Meeting. Close

• 73. [Image] Fish hatchery at Wallowa Lake

  	View of three unidentified men standing on the edge of a fish weir at the fish hatchery on Wallowa Lake.
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Fish hatchery at Wallowa Lake Author: Finley, William L. (William Lovell), 1876-1953 Year: 1913 View of three unidentified men standing on the edge of a fish weir at the fish hatchery on Wallowa Lake. Title: Fish hatchery at Wallowa Lake Author: Finley, William L. (William Lovell), 1876-1953 Year: 1913 View of three unidentified men standing on the edge of a fish weir at the fish hatchery on Wallowa Lake. Close

• 74. [Image] Unloading fish truck

  	Unloading fish truck at Leavenworth hatchery holding pond number 2
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Unloading fish truck Year: 1940 Unloading fish truck at Leavenworth hatchery holding pond number 2 Title: Unloading fish truck Year: 1940 Unloading fish truck at Leavenworth hatchery holding pond number 2 Close

• 75. [Image] Filling fish truck

  	Filling a fish truck at the east trap at Rock Island Dam
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Filling fish truck Year: 1939 Filling a fish truck at the east trap at Rock Island Dam Title: Filling fish truck Year: 1939 Filling a fish truck at the east trap at Rock Island Dam Close

• 76. [Image] Fish sliding into tank

  	Fish sliding into tank of fish truck at Rock Island Dam
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Fish sliding into tank Year: 1939 Fish sliding into tank of fish truck at Rock Island Dam Title: Fish sliding into tank Year: 1939 Fish sliding into tank of fish truck at Rock Island Dam Close

• 77. [Image] East fish trap at Rock Island Dam

  	East fish trap and upper part of fish ladder at the Rock Island Dam
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: East fish trap at Rock Island Dam Year: 1939 East fish trap and upper part of fish ladder at the Rock Island Dam Title: East fish trap at Rock Island Dam Year: 1939 East fish trap and upper part of fish ladder at the Rock Island Dam Close

• 78. [Image] View of dune area of coast, looking south, one man and two women with fishing poles & their catches. Seas perch fishing; surf fishing. One of a series of 3 includes 02-103, 02-127, 02-128

  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: View of dune area of coast, looking south, one man and two women with fishing poles & their catches. Seas perch fishing; surf fishing. One of a series of 3 includes 02-103, 02-127, 02-128 Year: 1930 Title: View of dune area of coast, looking south, one man and two women with fishing poles & their catches. Seas perch fishing; surf fishing. One of a series of 3 includes 02-103, 02-127, 02-128 Year: 1930 Close

• 79. [Image] PH036_3064

  	[Fisherman, with fly rod, fishing in river. Stereo.]
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: PH036_3064 Year: 1900 [Fisherman, with fly rod, fishing in river. Stereo.] Title: PH036_3064 Year: 1900 [Fisherman, with fly rod, fishing in river. Stereo.] Close

• 80. [Image] Shipping department of a salmon canning establishment, Astoria, Oregon

  	This shows the packing process going on in the warehouse. A standard case of salmon consists of forty-eight one-pound cans. Everyone recognizes that the best fishing grounds may be depleted of fish after ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Shipping department of a salmon canning establishment, Astoria, Oregon Year: 1925 This shows the packing process going on in the warehouse. A standard case of salmon consists of forty-eight one-pound cans. Everyone recognizes that the best fishing grounds may be depleted of fish after a period of time if they are not restocked. With the enormous consumption of salmon increasing each year it is easy to see that the salmon supply would in a few years become exhausted if it were not replenished either by natural or artificial propagation. It is well known that some other species of food fishes are becoming greatly reduced in numbers by constant fishing. In these cases natural propagation does not supply enough young, or not enough reach maturity to restore the species. Our government, both federal and state, has for a long time recognized the necessity of artificial propagation in assisting nature to replenish exhausted streams and lakes with fish. The federal government through the United States Bureau of Fisheries has established more than thirty hatcheries in different parts of the country and annually several billions of fishes are handled. Hatching and transplanting are carried on almost coninuously, stocking new waters or maintaining the supply by planting in streams already provided. Our own state has twelve fish stations and hatcheries. The hatchery at Bonneville is known as the Central Station, and is the largest and best equipped. Title: Shipping department of a salmon canning establishment, Astoria, Oregon Year: 1925 This shows the packing process going on in the warehouse. A standard case of salmon consists of forty-eight one-pound cans. Everyone recognizes that the best fishing grounds may be depleted of fish after a period of time if they are not restocked. With the enormous consumption of salmon increasing each year it is easy to see that the salmon supply would in a few years become exhausted if it were not replenished either by natural or artificial propagation. It is well known that some other species of food fishes are becoming greatly reduced in numbers by constant fishing. In these cases natural propagation does not supply enough young, or not enough reach maturity to restore the species. Our government, both federal and state, has for a long time recognized the necessity of artificial propagation in assisting nature to replenish exhausted streams and lakes with fish. The federal government through the United States Bureau of Fisheries has established more than thirty hatcheries in different parts of the country and annually several billions of fishes are handled. Hatching and transplanting are carried on almost coninuously, stocking new waters or maintaining the supply by planting in streams already provided. Our own state has twelve fish stations and hatcheries. The hatchery at Bonneville is known as the Central Station, and is the largest and best equipped. Close

• 81. [Image] Surveying forest streams for fish use

  	Oregon Department of Forestry Forest Practices Section 2600 State Street Salem, OR 97310 Dl Fish 8 Wildlife Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife Habitat Conservation Division P. O. Box 59 Portland, OR ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Surveying forest streams for fish use Author: Oregon. Forest Practices Section; Oregon. Habitat Conservation Division Year: 1995, 2005, 2004 Oregon Department of Forestry Forest Practices Section 2600 State Street Salem, OR 97310 Dl Fish 8 Wildlife Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife Habitat Conservation Division P. O. Box 59 Portland, OR 97207 Introduction Identifying Oregon streams that contain fish is an important part in carrying out the new Water Protection Rules. These rules aim to protect areas of benefi-cial uses, such as fish. First, however, the beneficial uses present in each forest stream must be correctly identified. At present, a large number of fish- bearing streams are not identified on stream classification maps. To correct this problem, the Oregon Department of Forestry ( ODF) and the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife ( ODFW) must complete comprehensive surveys to identify fish use on all non- federal forest streams in Oregon. This effort will require at least 3 to 5 years and a significant financial investment. Because many streams are not accurately classified, the new rules also tempo-rarily protect streams that are likely to contain fish. Under the rules, for example, if Stream A flows into a body of water known to contain fish, it is assumed that fish also are using Stream A, up to the point that a natural barrier blocks their way farther upstream ( see OAR 629- 57- 2100: ll( b) B). Once the survey efforts are complete, this interim rule will not be needed. Coordinated efforts by public agencies, landowners, and others to complete fish- presence surveys will assure that important fisheries resources are pro-tected in the most cost- effective way. Landowners or any interested party may collect stream- classification information so that the overall survey can be completed as quickly as possible. Many private forest landowners, in cooperation with Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife, are now completing inventories of stream habitat conditions on their lands. In the future, these cooperative efforts may also include fish-presence surveys. This publication tells how to complete fish- presence surveys on forested streams. The guidelines cover: How to plan either " operation- specific" or " maximum upstream fish distribution" surveys The proper way to conduct surveys The proper time of year to conduct surveys Minimum efforts required in completing the surveys The legal requirements for completing the surveys How to provide information to Oregon Department of Forestry to update the stream classification maps The stream reclassification process Operation- specif ic surveys Maximum upstream distribution surveys Planning the survey There are two major types of survey: operation- specific surveys, and surveys to find the maximum upstream distribution of fish. Each type requires different planning and is conducted using different approaches. Operation- specific surveys are those to classify a stream only in the particular area of an operation. This kind of survey may not include efforts to determine the maximum upstream extent of fish use. An operation- specific survey takes minimal planning and coordination. However, it may be very inefficient in the long run because future activities in other areas of the stream may require additional surveys. An operation- specilk survey is very simple to complete. It starts at the down-stream end of the operation area and moves upstream either to the end of the operation area or to the end of fish distribution, whichever comes first. If the purpose of the survey is to prove no fish use, the surveyor must be sure to make at least the minimum effort required to find fish ( see the section on " Survey Effort" on page 10). This kind of survey is done on an entire stream reach or on multiple stream reaches rather than on a restricted portion of a stream. Often, all streams within a basin or reach are completely surveyed. In some cases, the surveys encompass entire ownerships or watersheds. The specific locations of planned operations are usually not the main factor in setting up this kind of survey but can help decide which areas to survey first. Surveys to find the maximum upstream extent of fish use may be the most efficient and cost- effective. Surveyors often cover a group of streams in one area at a time; therefore, travel time is minimized because, often, a group of streams can be easily reached by one common forest road. When travel time is less, the time spent actually completing surveys is greater. This kind of survey may require slightly more planning and coordination to assure efficiency and to minimize duplication of effort by adjacent landowners or by other public agencies, but overall this approach is more cost- effective than the operation-specific surveys. Surveying for the maximum upstream distribution of fish may take more plan-ning than an operation- specific survey, but it is still relatively simple. First, look at ODF Stream Classification Maps for the survey area to see the current extent of fish- use streams. Also note which streams are not classified at all. Next, decide where to start the survey. It may help your planning if you know the relationship between watershed basin area and fish use for your area. Contact the local ODFW office to find out whether these relationships have been established for streams in your area. The information predicts where fish use is " likely to end" and so will help you decide where to start your surveys. At this point, you also may want to consider operations that are planned for certain areas and decide to survey those areas first. After choosing a starting area, look at current road maps to find potential starting points for the survey ( see Figure 1). Look for access points ( such as road crossings) near the upper reaches of the stream. When possible, a survey should start near the highest accessible point in the watershed. If road access to the stream is limited, you may want to start the survey near the point at which the stream's classification size changes from " medium" to " small"; often this point is near the end of fish use ( see Figure 2, page 4). At the starting point, first sample upstream. If you find fish, continue the survey upstream until fish use ends. Be sure to continue sampling above the point at which fish use ends ( see " Survey Effort," page 10). If you make all the required efforts but do not find fish, then survey downstream from the original starting point until you find fish. When surveying downstream, it is important to walk on the streambank until you are ready to sample so that the water stays clear. Begin fish survey above road crossing Fish use extends at least this far Figure I . Selecting survey starting points in an area with a road crossing. Additional survey work may be required if the maximum distribution of fish seems to be affected by a road culvert. If the stream above the culvert has no fish, sample the pool immediately below the culvert. If you find fish in this pool or downstream near the culvert, the culvert is a possible barrier to fish passage. Describe the culvert and the stream on the survey form ( page 19). If you do not find fish in the pool below the culvert, continue the survey down-stream until you do see fish. Begin fish survey here \ \\ \ / I Fish use extends at least this far - - k I Figure 2. Selecting survey starting points, based on the stream- size classification, in an area without a road crossing. Surveys to find the maximum upstream distribution of fish may require sampling across several land ownerships. Be certain to get permission from other landowners before beginning the survey. Contacts with other landowners are also important to prevent a duplication of effort, because many landowners and agencies may be conducting fish- presence surveys. When figuring how many surveyors and how much time you'll need to com-plete surveys in your area, you may want to consider the Department of Forestry's experience. We found that sampling a township ( 36 square miles) required approximately 24 person- days in the Coast region, but an area the same size in the Blue Mountains required only 4 person- days. Survey methods The accuracy and reliability of survey results depend greatly on the methods used to conduct the survey. Methods range from simply looking in the stream ( visual observation) to more intensive and effective sampling with a backpack electroshocker. The method you choose depends on the availability of sam-pling equipment, the size of the stream, the flow and clarity of the water, and other factors. It is important to select a sampling method that is best for the type of survey and for the waters being sampled. If the sample method is not appropriate, the results of the survey will not be very useful. For example, just looking at a stream may tell you there are fish in it at that point, but it is not an acceptable way to find the maximum upstream extent of fish use. Surveys to show that fish are not present require more sampling and specialized equipment in order to provide reliable results. Whenever the survey uses methods other than an electroshocker, it's important to thoroughly explain on the survey report form the reasons for using the other methods. This is the simplest method; it involves only walking the stream to look for fish. It is best to wear polarized sunglasses to reduce glare from the water and to survey only when water conditions allow good visibility. It's also best to walk upstream so that you can " sneak up" on fish in pools. Fish often are near the upstream ends of pools waiting for food to drift toward them. Small fish, such as fry, often are in shallow water along the margin of the stream. Be very alert because fish usually will dart into cover when they detect any movement, especially in small headwater streams. It helps to toss bread crumbs, insects, small twigs, or bemes into the stream to entice the fish to leave cover. The visual method is best suited to small streams where pools aren't deep enough to prevent your seeing the fish. This method is also the least damaging to the fish because actual collection is not required. However, the value of survey results can be reduced by many factors such as cloudy water, surface glare on the water, overcast days ( reduced light), fish behavior, and even the surveyor's poor eyesight. For these reasons, this method is not effective for determining the maximum upstream limit of fish distribution, although it can be used to prove fish are in a certain reach of the stream. Snorkeling is a special method of visual observation that can work well in some situations. Snorkeling allows you to see underwater through a diving mask and breathing snorkel. This method can be used in larger waters where electroshockers are less successful, and it has been used to locate fry where other methods failed. Night snorkel surveys are particularly useful for observ-ing bull trout fry. Visual observation Hook and line Backpack electroshocker The hook- and- line method uses a rod and reel and relies on the feeding be-havior of the fish. In small streams, drop a baited hook into the deepest pools, where larger fish often are. Bait can include worms, single eggs, cheese, dry flies, or stream insects such as caddis larvae. Sample pools that have a lot of cover because those tend to support greater numbers of fish. As with the visual observation method, approach the pool cautiously to avoid alerting the fish. To minimize the risk of injuring or killing the fish, always use barbless hooks. The hook- and- line method can be used when conditions are not good for visual sampling; for example, when water is not clear, flow is high, or the day is overcast. This method may be the most effective for sampling some larger or deeper waters where visual and electroshocker methods can be ineffective. These waters include deep beaver ponds and large, steep streams where downstream barriers ( such as falls and very steep sections) keep fish out of the small tributaries. This method has limitations, though, depending on fish behavior and the life stage of the fish that are present. Fish may be reluctant to bite on cold days, or when the water is murky with sediment, or if the fish detect the surveyor's presence. Also, hook- and- line sampling is not effective if only fry are in the stream. This method also depends on the angling skills of the surveyor. As with the visual observation method, hook- and- line sampling may not be the best way to determine the maximum upstream distribution of fish in small streams, but often it can be used to find fish in larger waters. The most effective way to determine the upstream extent of fish is with a backpack electroshocker. Electroshocker sampling requires additional training and experience, though, to be effective and safe. A backpack electroshocker introduces an electric field into the stream that temporarily immobilizes fish. Stunned fish can be observed as they float in the water, or they can be captured in a small hand net for closer observation if necessary. As with other methods, it is best to work in an upstream direction, wear polarized glasses, and to approach the sampling site carefully to avoid alerting the fish. One person nets fish while another person operates the electroshocker. The netter should walk behind or beside the shocker to avoid alerting the fish. The electroshocker can be very effective for sampling in small streams even where brush or instream cover prevents most other sampling methods. In fact, an electroshocker is often most effective in areas with instream cover because fish usually concentrate in these locations. This method works in streams of various sizes but is less effective in larger streams and in deep pools, espe-cially large beaver ponds. Use electroshockers carefully to minimize killing fish. When properly adjusted and used, the electroshocker should stun the fish without killing them. The fish may escape if the current is set too low, but usually the surveyor will still see the fish and so be able to document fish presence. To sample effectively and minimize fish kill, set the electroshocker on the lowest practical voltage output and low- frequency currents ( low pulse rates). Before sampling, use a voltame-ter to test the electroshocker in a stream. If the voltameter is not available, it is a good idea to test the electroshocker in a stream that you know has fish before working in streams whose fish use you do not know. The test will tell you whether the equipment is working and the effects of using different settings. The surveyors' safety must be considered carefully before using this method. Electroshockers can injure or kill humans if not properly used. Surveyors should not use this method without proper training, including CPR training. Surveyors should work in crews of at least two. All surveyors should wear rubber waders and rubber gloves during stream shocking and never use dipnets with metallic handles; the nets should have wood or fiberglass handles. All members of an electroshocking crew should understand the proper operation procedures and potential dangers of this equipment. The effectiveness of electroshocker sampling depends on water conditions and on the skills of the electroshocker operator and the netter. The electroshocker method may not be so useful in high flows or in turbulent or murky water because the surveyors may not see immobilized fish. Another drawback to this method is that the electroshockers may not be widely available and can be expensive. However, with proper training and experience and under suitable survey conditions, this method is the best for accurately determining the maximum upstream extent of fish use. There may be situations where reliable results can be had by using methods not discussed here. For example, headwater beaver ponds may be effectively Other methods sampled by fishing for at least 48 hours with minnow traps baited with salmon eggs or commercial trout bait. Or, seine nets may be effective in beaver ponds or larger waters. If you are thinking about using these or other sampling methods, discuss it first with the departments of Fish and Wildlife and of Forestry. They will decide whether the proposed methods are appropriate and, if so, set the required minimum level of sample effort for the alternate method. A backpack electroshocker is the best way to get reliable information about the upstream extent of fish use or to prove a stream is m e N ( no fish use). Sur- Survey methods: vey data that document the presence of fish through other methods, such as a summary visual observation or hook- and- line, will always be used to classify streams as Type F as far up as the point of observation, even though the exact upstream extent of fish use may not be known. In some cases, methods other than an electroshocker may give reliable information about the maximum upstream distribution of fish. Examples include deep beaver ponds and large, steep streams in which barriers keep fish out of small upstream tributaries. In those cases, reliable results may be better obtained with hook- and- line sampling or with other methods. Whenever the survey is conducted by methods other than an electroshocker, the reasons for choosing the other method must be thor-oughly explained on the survey form. Timing the surveys Survey accuracy depends a lot on the time of year the survey is done and on stream conditions at that time. Since the purpose of the survey is to accurately document the presence or absence of fish, it is critical to do the survey when fish are expected to be using the upper reaches of a stream. This generally is near spawning times or soon after fry emerge, when stream flows are relatively high. A survey done during a low- flow period may not indicate the actual maximum upstream extent of fish use or accurately prove no fish use the stream. Fish may use the upper reaches of a stream for a limited time only, so fish- use surveys must be timed carefully. Surveys done at other than recommended times may not give a complete description of fish use. For example, if fish are found at other than the recommended survey times, the surveyed part of the stream can be classified as fish- bearing, but the maximum upstream extent of fish use may not be known. If fish are not found, that will not necessarily prove that the stream reach does not support fish use. Only if the survey is made at a time when fish are most likely to be there can the absence of fish be a reliable sign that no fish use that portion of the stream. Other factors can affect the reliability of the survey even if it is made at the proper time. Abnormal flows due to drought or extreme runoff could affect the distribution of fish or the sampling efficiency of the surveyor. So, it is best not only to do the sampling within the recommended time period but also when conditions are appropriate. In some cases, survey timing may not have much effect on the reliability of survey results. This could occur when factors other than seasonal flow patterns control the upstream extent of fish distribution. For example, streams that get most of their water from springs may not have seasonal flow variations, including summer flows low enough to control the upstream distribution of fish. Or, conditions other than low flow could be controlling distribution. For example, large, steep streams that have natural barriers such as falls and steep, impassable sections. In such cases, surveys taken outside the recommended time periods may yield reliable data. However, it is important to describe these conditions thoroughly on the survey forms to justify not following the recom-mended timing. See Table 1 for the recommended sampling periods for different regions of the state for normal water- flow years. Periods differ due to variations in stream flow patterns, fish species, and life- history traits of the species in the different areas. Contact the local ODFW office before sampling to find out the best time to survey the stream you are planning to sample. Table 1. General recommended time periods to sample streams, by geographic region, during nomull water- flow years. Please contact your local ODFW ofice before sampling in order to get specific timing recommendations for the stream you will be sampling. REGION of Recommended Georeaion Stream Survey Period WESTERNO REGON All Coast South Coast West Cascades Interior Siskiyou March 1 through May 3 1 EASTERONR EGON All except spring- fed April 1 East Cascades through June 30 Blue Mountains Spring- fed streams* Entire year * Spring- fed streams are streams that get most of their water Born groundwater sources and that have very minor seasonal variations in flow. Stream surveys must be done within certain time periods ( Table 1) if the purpose is to prove the stream does not contain fish or to document the maximum upstream extent of fish use. mming recommendations are based on normal water- flow years and may vary in some years. Contact the local ODFW office before sampling to get specific timing recommendations for the streams to be surveyed. Information gathered at other times of the year may be used to document fish presence but may not be reliable enough to establish upstream fish- use limits or to classify the stream as II) lpe N ( no fish use). Whenever the recommended survey timing is not used, it is important to explain the reasons on the survey form so that the data can be evaluated for reliability. ~ - ~ Survey timing: a summary Survey effort: a summary Survey effort The level of effort used to complete the survey also can affect the reliability of the survey results. If the level of effort or the amount of stream sampled is too little, it may be wrong to conclude that fish are not present. The following guidelines describe the minimum level of survey effort required to assure that the data are reliable. If the purpose of the survey is to show that no fish use the stream, the survey will be considered reliable only if it includes at least 50 yards of stream length md a minimum of six pools, each at least 1 foot deep, immediately upstream of the point at which the non- fish- bearing section begins. ( In some cases, the survey will have to cover much more than 50 yards of stream in order to also include the required six pools.) In addition, the survey must include sampling any beaver dam ponds in the upstream non- fish section. Surveyors are encouraged to exceed the minimum level of effort in order to be even more sure that fish are absent from a stream reach and that the maximum upstream extent of fish use has been found. A survey intended to show the absence of fish must sample at least 50 yards of stream distance and a minimum of six pools, each at least 1 foot deep, imme-diately upstream of the point at which fish use is believed to end. In addition, any beaver ponds upstream must be sampled as part of the survey. The require-ments for the methods used and the timing of the survey also must be met in order to document the absence of fish. Legal requirements In Oregon, the Department of Fish and Wildlife regulates the collection of fish for personal or scientific use. Generally, collection methods prohibited by the general angling regulations, such as electroshockers, traps, or nets, and collec-tions at times of the year when angling is closed will require a Scientific Collection Permit from the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. Scientific Collection Permits can be issued to agencies, companies, or indi-viduals. Request an application from the Fish Division of the Oregon Depart-ment of Fish and Wildlife, P. O. Box 59, Portland, OR 97207; telephone ( 503) 229- 5410, extension 323. Submit the application at least 1 month before you plan to do the survey in order to be sure the permit can be issued in time. The application requests information about the collection method to be used, when and where collection will be made, and a summary of the proposed project. By law, surveyers must keep records of their collection activities and submit them to the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. Surveys using the visual observation method ( including snorkeling) do not require any licenses or permits because fish are not physically collected. Sampling with the hook- and- line method during open fishing seasons requires only a valid angling license. However, Oregon resident landowners and their immediate families do not need angling licenses to fish on land they own and live on. In either case, the general ahgling regulations for the stream must be followed during hook- and- line sampling unless a Scientific Collection Permit is obtained. Additional restrictions on survey efforts may apply if the stream contains species that the state or federal government lists as sensitive, threatened, or endangered species. Please contact your local ODFW office to find out whether any of these species are likely to be in streams you plan to sample. Reporting survey results Give survey data to the local ODF district office so that district Stream Classi-fication Maps can be updated. On page 19 is a blank survey report form. It asks for information about the location of the stream; the methods, timing, and effort of the survey; the physical character of the stream; observations of fish and wildlife; and the presence of natural or human- created barriers to fish passage. complete one form for each stream reach where fish were ob-served or fish use was found to end. See Figure 3 ( page 12) for descriptions of some fish species common to $ mall, forested streams; these may help to identify fish seen during surveys. Detailed instructions for completing the survey form are on pages 14 through 18. Attach to the Fish Presence Survey Form a copy of the ODF Stream ClassM-cation Map for the surveyed area or, if that is not available, a copy of the 7.5 minute USGS topographic map for the area. Note the following information on the map. ( Examples of completed survey report forms and maps are on pages 21 through 30.) The area of the stream that was actually surveyed ( including the areas without fish) as part of the survey effort. Highlight in yellow the entire stream reach surveyed ( see examples on pages 25,28, and 30). The upper limit of fish use. Note this on the map by drawing a line across the stream and writing the letter F at that point. The name of the surveyor. The date the stream was surveyed. GENUS ONCORHYNCUS - PACIFIC SALMON IOENTIFICATION FEATURES OF JUVENILES Faint parr marks. extend little. if am: below latanl line. Lures SOCKEYE w GENUS ONCORHYNCUS- TROUT IDENTIFICATIOEI FUTURES OF JUVENILES pols in dorsal Teeth on of tongue Maxillary extend past rear margin on throat W - Of eye CUTTHROAT 5 - I 0 parr marks on ridge ahead of dorsal tongue astend & st rear mark on throat Y; V margin of eye STEELHEAD- RAINBOW Few or no spots i n tail Figure 3. Identification characteristics of some juvenile salmon and trout species that may be observed in forested streams. 3. Permission to enter private forest lands should be obtained from all land-owners before the surveys are conducted. 4. Fish- presence surveys should then be made according to the guidelines given in this publication. 5. The required survey information, recorded on the Fish Presence Survey Form and maps, should be given to the local ODF district office. 6. The ODF office will give copies of the completed survey forms and maps to the local office of the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. 7. The Department of Forestry will review the information, usually in consul-tation with the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife, to determine whether the survey results are reliable. 8. Based on its assessment of data reliability, the Department of Forestry will make appropriate changes to the ODF Stream Classification Maps. 9. All affected landowners will be notified of the proposed stream classifica-tion changes, according to the notification rules ( OAR 629- 57- 2110( 2)). Instructions for completing the survey report form The following information should be reported on the Fish Presence Survey Form. These instructions are in the order that the information appears on the form. Complete one form for each stream reach or branch where fish were observed or fish use was found to end. This may require assigning codes to unnamed tributaries ( for example, " trib. a," " trib. b") so that survey data can be cross- referenced to the survey maps. Please refer to examples on pages 21 through 29. Surveyor Narne( s): The name of the person or persons responsible for con-ducting the survey and reporting the results. AgencyfCompany: The name of the agency or company that employs the surveyor ( if applicable). Landowner: The name of the landowner of the reach surveyed. Mailing Address and Phone: The address and phone number for the person responsible for the survey. Stream: The name of the stream as reported on the USGS or ODF Stream Classification Map for the area. If the stream is unnamed, report the stream as " unnamed" and list the tributary that it flows into (" Tributary to..."). Tributary to: The name of the main stream ( as reported on the USGS or ODF map) that the surveyed stream flows into. This is especially important if the surveyed stream is unnamed. Quad Map: The name of the USGS 7.5 minute topographic map that includes the reach of the stream surveyed. If the surveyed reach covers more than one quad map, report first the name of the map that shows the identified end- point of fish use and then give the other maps' names. Location: A legal description ( township, range, and section to at least the quarter section) of the location where fish use ends. Date Surveyed: The month, day, and year the fish survey was conducted. Survey Method: Check the box for the survey method used. If more than one method was used, check all that apply and note the most often used method in the comments section or in the form's margin. Survey Amount Above End of Fish Use: The length of stream reach that was surveyed immediately upstream of the identified end of fish use. Estimate ( in feet) the length surveyed, and give the number of pools sampled for fish in that section. A survey to prove the absence of fish must sample at least 50 yards of stream and at least six pools immediately upstream of the end of fish use. In addition, any upstream beaver ponds must also be sampled. Flow Level: The flow conditions at the time of the survey. Use the following categories of flow. Low: Ranges from a series of isolated pools to flowing across less than 75 percent of the average bankfull width. Moderate: Surface water is flowing across 75 to 90 percent of the average bankfull width. High: Surface water flowing across more than 90 percent of the average bankfull width. It is not recommended thatfih presence surveys be conducted at high jlows. Weather: The weather during most of the fish survey ( rainy, overcast, partly cloudy, sunny, snowy, etc.). Water Clarity: The water visibility during the survey. Use the following categories of water visibility. Clear: Visibility is good in pools, deep pools, and riffles. Moderate: Visibility is good only in riffles and shallow pools. Turbid: Visibility is poor in both riffles and pools. It is not recommended that fih presence surveys be conducted when water is turbid. Water Temperature ( optional): The temperature of the stream ( in degrees Farenheit) at the time of the survey. Fish observations Report the species and approximate size ranges of fish observed in the sur-veyed reach. Use Figure 3 ( page 12) as a guide to identifying some game fish species commonly found in small, forested streams. Use the following codes and instructions to complete this section. Species: Use the following names or codes to report fish observed during the survey. If you observe a species not listed here, such as Pacific lamprey, use its common name. Name Species Code Coho salmon Co Cutthroat trout Ct Rainbow troutfsteelhead Rb/ St Bull trout BUT Brook trout BT Unknown salmonid UnS Sizes: Report the size range of fish, in inches, by species. For example, the size range of coho observed could be reported as " 1- 4 inches." If you see several sizes of one species ( for example, some cutthroat trout in the " 1- to 2- inch range and others in the " 6- to 8- inch" range), list them separately. Aquatic wildlife The types of aquatic wildlife that may be observed include tailed frogs ( includ-ing juvenile " tadpoles"), Pacific giant salamanders, and Olympic salamanders. Species: Give the common name of the species, if known. If you don't know the species name, at least report observations by a general name such as " salamanders." Number: The number of aquatic wildlife in each species or group observed. Physical stream data Report the physical characteristics of the stream in the vicinity of the end- point of fish use. Report information separately for ( 1) the section immediately at and downstream of the end of fish use, and ( 2) the area upstream of the maximum extent of fish use. Following are specific instructions for collecting this information. Bankfull Channel Width: By eye, estimate the average width ( in feet) of the bankfull channel for the 100- foot sections above and below the end- point of fish use. The bankfull channel is the area that is scoured by water during average high flows. The edge of the bankfull channel can be identified by looking for changes in vegetation, in soils and litter characteristics, or in the shape of the bank. The bank often will abruptly change slope at the bankfull boundary. Vegetation at the boundary often changes from annual vegetation ( such as grasses) to more permanent vegetation such as trees and shrubs. Estimate the width across the channel between the edges of the bankfull level. Current Wetted Width: Visually estimate the average width ( in feet) of the channel that contains flow ( is wetted) at the time of the survey. Report the estimated averages for the 100- foot sections above and below the end of fish use. Channel Gradient: Measure the average stream gradient with a clinometer for the 100- foot sections above and below the end of fish use. me a piece of flagging at eye level on a branch or shrub, walk up or down the stream bank, and then use the clinometer to sight on the flagging while you are standing on the channel bottom. Read and report the percent gradient. ODF Stream Class Size: The stream size (" small," " medium," or " large") from the ODF Stream Classification Maps for the reaches immediately above and downstream of the end of fish use. Natural barriers This information is very important for understanding relationships between the presence of fish and the physical characteristics of the stream. Understanding these relationships can help determine where fish- presence surveys should be concentrated and help predict where fish are likely to occur if survey informa-tion is not yet available. Generally, natural barriers are permanent structures such as falls or vertical drops more than 8 to 10 feet high for salmon or steel-head or 4 feet high for trout. Log jams, drops over logs, beaver dams, or other organic structures generally are only temporary barriers to fish passage, but report them as well. If fish use ends at a natural barrier, such as a waterfall, bedrock chute or cascades, describe the conditions at the site. Include a description of: ( 1) the type of barrier, ( 2) the approximate height ( in feet), ( 3) the percentage of slope, ( 4) the length ( in feet) of the bedrock chute or cascades, and ( 5) any other conditions that may be limiting fish passage. If the potential barrier is a bedrock chute, note whether the bedrock contains pools or rough features ( such as rocks, boulders, or other breaks in the flow), or whether the water flows in an even, shallow pattern over the bedrock. Please note on the survey map the locations of any natural barriers encountered. If you encounter a natural barrier, also be sure to sample above this point because fish often are found above natural barriers. Road- crossing barriers This information also is very important for understanding relationships be-tween the presence of fish and the physical characteristics of the stream. Road-crossing barriers can alter the relationships. If fish use ends at a road- crossing barrier, such as a culvert, describe the conditions at the site. Describe the type of barrier and its measurements at the time of the survey such as ( 1) the diameter of the culvert, in inches, ( 2) the depth ( in inches) of water in the culvert, ( 3) the height ( in feet) of the jump ( drop) below the culvert or structure, ( 4) the depth ( in inches or feet) of the plunge pool below the culvert outfall, ( 5) the gradient or slope of the culvert, given as a percentage as read off a clinometer, ( 6) the length ( in feet) of the culvert, and ( 7) any other factors that could affect fish passage. Please note on the survey map the locations of any road- crossing barriers, even if they are not at the end- point of fish use. As with natural barriers, be sure also to sample above the site because fish often are found above road- crossing barriers. Other comments Any other comments or notations that you think may be pertinent to the fish survey. It helps to describe any notable habitat characteristics, for example " lots of instream wood," " very few pools in the reach," " heavy silt load in the stream." Use the reverse side of the form if necessary. FISH PRESENCE SURVEY FORM ATTACH A COPY OF THE 7.5 MINUTE ODF STREAM CLASS MAP Surveyor Name( s): Agency: Land Owner: Mailing Address: Phone: Date Surveyed: Stream: Tributary to: Quad Map: Location: T R Sec. Survey Method ( d): 0 Electroshocker 0 h & g 0 Visual Survey Above End of Fish Use: Distance ( feet) Number of Pools Flow Level ( d): 0 Low 17 Moderate High Weather: Water Temperature: Water Clarity ( d): Clear 17 Moderate 17 Turbid FISH OBSERVATIONS AQUATIC WILDLIFE PHYSICAL STREAM DATA If fish use ends at a natural barrier, describe the conditions that prevent upstream fish passage. If fish use ends at a road crossing, describe conditions that may prevent upstream fish passage. Other comments ( use reverse side if necessary): FISH PRESENCE SURVEY FORM ATTACH A COPY OF THE 7.5 MINUTE ODF STREAM CLASS MAP Surveyor Name( s): . be Sorveq , 3 Troo+, FI s h G n r u l l , I*? , S.; L. Agency: N/ C I Land Owner: k! 4~ 4f, l T; M ~ C C Mailing address:?.^. sox ~ g~,\ L L I M UF~ A \ ID~ R) jC? suo Phone: BSB- 5555 ate surveyed: A p ( ; i 2 8, ! ?? s I Stream: Un hawed , " Tr I b R!' Tributary to: lr3 F . 21 o k so- ~ r a& QuadMap: D\ A &\ dy Location: T 305 R 5 " L Sec. 30, sw/ sto Survey Method ( d): d~ lectroshocker Angling 0 Visual Survey Above End of Fish Use: Distance ( feet) I 86 ' Number of Pools Flow Level ( d): CI Low cd~ oderate High Weather: S owv Water Temperature: 7 O F I Water Clarity ( V): dclear Moderate I7 Turbid FISH OBSERVATIONS AQUATIC WILDLIFE Species I Snes 1 Spedes 1 Quant'ity 1 PHYSICAL STREAM DATA If fish use ends at a natural barrier, describe the conditions that prevent upstream fish passage. bk If fish use ends at a road crossing, describe conditions that may prevent upstream fish passage. prf+ Other comments ( use reverse side if necessary): f- 15 L wsz ewd 30 $& abov e f *; rd John50~ m ain\ ifi< ~ r o s s i n OH ~ f r e a ~ 7.% ~ 5t redw g d ~ e n f & ry s t u p abde + he a d 4' & sh use - p & f i a n 10%. 2 1 OREGON FISH PRESENCE SURVEY FORM ATTACH A COPY OF THE 7.5 MINUTE ODF STREAM CLASS MAP Fish & Wildlife Stream: ~) nr? euce, d " Tr t b, O " Tributary to: w F & n~ oq CC. Quad Map: old &\ A% Location: T 382 R 5E Sec.' 30, si/ Sw I Survey Method ( 4): ~ lectroshocker 0 Angling 0 Visual Survey Above End of Fish Use: Distance ( feet) 2 5' 0 Number of Pools 20 Flow Level ( d): 0 Low d ~ o d e r a t e High Weather: Lw+ Water Temperature: 6 0 F I Water Clarity ( d): dclear Cl Moderate Turbid FISH OBSERVATIONS AQUATIC WILDLIFE Species 1 Snes I! , Species Quantity If fish use ends at a natural bamer, desc ' be the conditions that prevent u stre m fish assage. Fid - 4s 4+ 2 S ' ~ r t i Lm* r? d\. A dJ @ cater also % 15& 5 ( ho& a. r. rp Q5 W F - buffis @ ere fouu\ d . opstr + ye If fish use ehs) at a roa d. crossmng, descnbe conhlons that may prevent upstream fish passage. Other comments ( use reverse side if necessary): w tfw+ were fbU 4 above % z 6 + of (~ la+ erf~ ll above fu 25fcof I sowe years. 22 fail s& i ro fish t@ f& probab/ y vp FISH PRESENCE SURVEY FORM ATTACH A COPY OF THE 7.5 MINUTE ODF STREAM CLASS MAP stream: V A ~ ~ ~ + SC~" T & ~ ributaryto: u. F. 3ehbtja14 Creek Quad Map: old - b a t d ~ Location: T 3 S 5 R 5 E Sec. Survey Method ( d): d~ lectroshocker 0 Anghng 0 Visual Survey Above End of Fish Use: Distance ( feet) a 2 5 Number of Pools 2 Flow Level ( d): 0 Low & oderate 0 High Weather: SvMwv Water Temperature: I Water Clarity ( d): d l e a r 0 Moderate 0 Turbid FISH OBSERVATIONS AQUATIC WILDLIFE - ... . .: : :....: ' ' . . . . . . A , , , .: . . . . , . . , .&& : ! Species ... . ..$ pedes Quantity PHYSICAL STREAM DATA If fish use ends at a natural barrier, describe the conditions that prevent upstream fish passage. M/ A If fish use ends at a road crossing, describe conditions that may prevent upstream fish passage. FISH PRESENCE SURVEY FORM ATTACH A COPY OF THE 7.5 MINUTE ODF STREAM CLASS MAP Stream: West h r k Aobrson Cr eeG Tributary to: Johnrow Cre~ k Quad Map: ( ~ ( 4Ith .\ Ay Location: T 385 R 5 E Sec. 2?,, 5E/ sLJ I Survey Method ( d): dlectroshocker 0 Angling Visual Survey Above End of Fish Use: Distance ( feet) 3 00 Number of Pools t% Flow Level ( V): 0 Low d ~ o d e r ae t High Weather: j , y~ I Water Temperature: 60" F= Water Clarity ( d): & ear Moderate Turbid FISH OBSERVATIONS AQ- U ATIC WILDLIFE t Spedes Quantity 1 I PHYSICAL STREAM DATA + IH n D CtsL 5h-* If fish use ends at a natural barrier, describe the conditions that prevent upstream fish passage. N I A If fish use ends t a roqj crossiy, describ~ concl~~ tohnats may prevent upstr am fish passa e. ~ hrvctr ert a no? pQ59 ~ c - r b LOWOJQ 4 u. 4 9 ) drop at * rut-/&. b l d a r p fn qr p aI . 7, slop is 6 70 , and w ( onp 7 % fu~ lv er+ 1s ~ chul~ ledb e replace4 t bi s Svmncr. Other comments ( use reverse s~ de~ fn ecessa ): Lower ~ t r c a - q r d r r & a & e + LC cd en. Sf- rm* bb; M Ieok 30a4, but + k shaln. dry up ;* SOW years. FISH PRESENCE SURVEY FORM ATTACH A COPY OF THE 7.5 MINUTE ODF STREAM CLASS MAP Mailing Address: ?. c, 3 2 , AJLO ~ L4- T o R 70 00 Phone: b40 - oool Date Surveyed: / Ha v 2 / cj? T I stream: ~ nnclcr- ed , " 7- r; b k " Tributary to: Lobs k c Creek Quad Map: BULL Lrceu Rtdqc Location: T 35 R 2W S ~ C . ~ ~ N € + 4 Survey Method ( d): ~ lectroshocker Angling 0 Visual Survey Above End of Fish Use: Distance ( feet) 300 Number of Pools I 57 Flow Level ( d): 0 Low rd~ oderate High Weather: 7k + lVL * wy Water Temperature: 6 O T-Water Clarity ( d): && ear Moderate Turbid FISH OBSERVATIONS AQUATIC WILDLlFE I , , , ' Species Sies Spedes Quantity If fish use ends, at a natural ba ' er, describe t e conditions that prevent upstream fish passage. The. LZ m c b r u f - ~ V~ L ry 54- p X e u e + he ed$+ t.* use. ~ k rlrcnu, RIIIVC ~ L I : : pain+ I S ~ 4 1 ~ g ~ r L ~ d eo5ve r bai( Lle r S, b+ + his ri- gf obnhi~ n o+ Q b r r r t c r. ' 7 If fish use ends at a road crossing, descn e conditions that may prevent upstream fish passage. U P Other comments ( use reverse side if necessary): N r 4.0r L r ~ s; Wj J bCqPn 5 u ru . + r + he L) wediunn - sws\ l size chaqc, F, sh U ~ CC ~ wJh c r t a d c c y t r ; b ~ + G~ d . ovt WLQ) ew- ker s LLII+. 26 FISH PRESENCE SURVEY FORM ATTACH A COPY OF THE 7.5 MINUTE ODF STREAM CLASS MAP Surveyor Name( s): 30 e Cadd i i , Bob hJvrnP1\ Agency: o ba~ ~ a'ndbwner: Lobsfec C r , ~ , , b c c Mailing Address: 7 D. ' 30K 2 , ~ J L pLet~ t , D R DO Phone: 8 YD- o 00 1 Date Surveyed: m4 I/ 2, i? 7- C I f Stream: / ) ~ ~ ~ ~ ek bS "" ~ c Tributaryto: L o b s t e r Lraek Quad Map: B V ' ~ Cr eek ??, d. ie Location: T 73 R 2 0 Sec. 3Y, ~ I. o AA. J G Survey Method ( d): d~ lectroshocker Angling 0 Visual Survey Above End of Fish Use: Distance ( feet) 2 5 0 Number of Pools / D Flow Level ( d): 0 Low d ~ o d e r a t e 0 High Weather: 94, & SU W\ I Water Temperature: 5- 7 " ?= Water Clarity ( d) : Wc1ea. r CI Moderate 0 Turbid FISH OBSERVATIONS AQUATIC WILDLIFE PHYSICAL STREAM DATA Species Sics Spedes If fish use ends at a natural barrier, describe the conditions that prevent upstream fish passage. Quantity If fish use ends at a road crossing, describe conditions that may prevent upstream fish passage. I I Other comments ( use reverse side if necessary): ~ h5ctre um WLS " r y ~ Lw iL tL ~ decy f- goo( r. @. la f is/., observe4 , Ty pr N ~ f . r e u ~ z . FISH PRESENCE SURVEY FORM ATTACH A COPY OF THE 7.5 MINUTE ODF STREAM CLASS MAP Surveyor Name( s): \ ce < . 3ab Tr cut Agency: u/ k2 Mailing ~ ddress: Z3R Rne St , b k n h( e dr ! OR ? d o 0 Phone: ZB?- 3333 Date Surveyed: stream: ~*- aweA Tributary to: c r & QuadMap: G l e w b ~ ~ e k Location: T \ 4 5 R 6 @ Sec. zS,, ~ 3t .+ S-Survey Method ( d): d~ lectroshocker Angling Visual Survey Above End of Fish Use: Distance ( feet) Number of Pools Q Flow Level ( d): 0 Low & oderate High Weather: C( ea c Water Temperature: 5?* F Water Clarity ( d): lW2ear 0 Moderate Turbid FISH OBSERVATIONS AQUATIC WILDLIFE Species Sizes Spedes Quantity PHYSICAL STREAM DATA If fish use ends at a natural barrier, describe the conditions that prevent upstream fish passage. U P If fish use ends at a road crossing, describe conditions that may prevent upstream fish passage. Title: Surveying forest streams for fish use Author: Oregon. Forest Practices Section; Oregon. Habitat Conservation Division Year: 1995, 2005, 2004 Oregon Department of Forestry Forest Practices Section 2600 State Street Salem, OR 97310 Dl Fish 8 Wildlife Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife Habitat Conservation Division P. O. Box 59 Portland, OR 97207 Introduction Identifying Oregon streams that contain fish is an important part in carrying out the new Water Protection Rules. These rules aim to protect areas of benefi-cial uses, such as fish. First, however, the beneficial uses present in each forest stream must be correctly identified. At present, a large number of fish- bearing streams are not identified on stream classification maps. To correct this problem, the Oregon Department of Forestry ( ODF) and the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife ( ODFW) must complete comprehensive surveys to identify fish use on all non- federal forest streams in Oregon. This effort will require at least 3 to 5 years and a significant financial investment. Because many streams are not accurately classified, the new rules also tempo-rarily protect streams that are likely to contain fish. Under the rules, for example, if Stream A flows into a body of water known to contain fish, it is assumed that fish also are using Stream A, up to the point that a natural barrier blocks their way farther upstream ( see OAR 629- 57- 2100: ll( b) B). Once the survey efforts are complete, this interim rule will not be needed. Coordinated efforts by public agencies, landowners, and others to complete fish- presence surveys will assure that important fisheries resources are pro-tected in the most cost- effective way. Landowners or any interested party may collect stream- classification information so that the overall survey can be completed as quickly as possible. Many private forest landowners, in cooperation with Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife, are now completing inventories of stream habitat conditions on their lands. In the future, these cooperative efforts may also include fish-presence surveys. This publication tells how to complete fish- presence surveys on forested streams. The guidelines cover: How to plan either " operation- specific" or " maximum upstream fish distribution" surveys The proper way to conduct surveys The proper time of year to conduct surveys Minimum efforts required in completing the surveys The legal requirements for completing the surveys How to provide information to Oregon Department of Forestry to update the stream classification maps The stream reclassification process Operation- specif ic surveys Maximum upstream distribution surveys Planning the survey There are two major types of survey: operation- specific surveys, and surveys to find the maximum upstream distribution of fish. Each type requires different planning and is conducted using different approaches. Operation- specific surveys are those to classify a stream only in the particular area of an operation. This kind of survey may not include efforts to determine the maximum upstream extent of fish use. An operation- specific survey takes minimal planning and coordination. However, it may be very inefficient in the long run because future activities in other areas of the stream may require additional surveys. An operation- specilk survey is very simple to complete. It starts at the down-stream end of the operation area and moves upstream either to the end of the operation area or to the end of fish distribution, whichever comes first. If the purpose of the survey is to prove no fish use, the surveyor must be sure to make at least the minimum effort required to find fish ( see the section on " Survey Effort" on page 10). This kind of survey is done on an entire stream reach or on multiple stream reaches rather than on a restricted portion of a stream. Often, all streams within a basin or reach are completely surveyed. In some cases, the surveys encompass entire ownerships or watersheds. The specific locations of planned operations are usually not the main factor in setting up this kind of survey but can help decide which areas to survey first. Surveys to find the maximum upstream extent of fish use may be the most efficient and cost- effective. Surveyors often cover a group of streams in one area at a time; therefore, travel time is minimized because, often, a group of streams can be easily reached by one common forest road. When travel time is less, the time spent actually completing surveys is greater. This kind of survey may require slightly more planning and coordination to assure efficiency and to minimize duplication of effort by adjacent landowners or by other public agencies, but overall this approach is more cost- effective than the operation-specific surveys. Surveying for the maximum upstream distribution of fish may take more plan-ning than an operation- specific survey, but it is still relatively simple. First, look at ODF Stream Classification Maps for the survey area to see the current extent of fish- use streams. Also note which streams are not classified at all. Next, decide where to start the survey. It may help your planning if you know the relationship between watershed basin area and fish use for your area. Contact the local ODFW office to find out whether these relationships have been established for streams in your area. The information predicts where fish use is " likely to end" and so will help you decide where to start your surveys. At this point, you also may want to consider operations that are planned for certain areas and decide to survey those areas first. After choosing a starting area, look at current road maps to find potential starting points for the survey ( see Figure 1). Look for access points ( such as road crossings) near the upper reaches of the stream. When possible, a survey should start near the highest accessible point in the watershed. If road access to the stream is limited, you may want to start the survey near the point at which the stream's classification size changes from " medium" to " small"; often this point is near the end of fish use ( see Figure 2, page 4). At the starting point, first sample upstream. If you find fish, continue the survey upstream until fish use ends. Be sure to continue sampling above the point at which fish use ends ( see " Survey Effort," page 10). If you make all the required efforts but do not find fish, then survey downstream from the original starting point until you find fish. When surveying downstream, it is important to walk on the streambank until you are ready to sample so that the water stays clear. Begin fish survey above road crossing Fish use extends at least this far Figure I . Selecting survey starting points in an area with a road crossing. Additional survey work may be required if the maximum distribution of fish seems to be affected by a road culvert. If the stream above the culvert has no fish, sample the pool immediately below the culvert. If you find fish in this pool or downstream near the culvert, the culvert is a possible barrier to fish passage. Describe the culvert and the stream on the survey form ( page 19). If you do not find fish in the pool below the culvert, continue the survey down-stream until you do see fish. Begin fish survey here \ \\ \ / I Fish use extends at least this far - - k I Figure 2. Selecting survey starting points, based on the stream- size classification, in an area without a road crossing. Surveys to find the maximum upstream distribution of fish may require sampling across several land ownerships. Be certain to get permission from other landowners before beginning the survey. Contacts with other landowners are also important to prevent a duplication of effort, because many landowners and agencies may be conducting fish- presence surveys. When figuring how many surveyors and how much time you'll need to com-plete surveys in your area, you may want to consider the Department of Forestry's experience. We found that sampling a township ( 36 square miles) required approximately 24 person- days in the Coast region, but an area the same size in the Blue Mountains required only 4 person- days. Survey methods The accuracy and reliability of survey results depend greatly on the methods used to conduct the survey. Methods range from simply looking in the stream ( visual observation) to more intensive and effective sampling with a backpack electroshocker. The method you choose depends on the availability of sam-pling equipment, the size of the stream, the flow and clarity of the water, and other factors. It is important to select a sampling method that is best for the type of survey and for the waters being sampled. If the sample method is not appropriate, the results of the survey will not be very useful. For example, just looking at a stream may tell you there are fish in it at that point, but it is not an acceptable way to find the maximum upstream extent of fish use. Surveys to show that fish are not present require more sampling and specialized equipment in order to provide reliable results. Whenever the survey uses methods other than an electroshocker, it's important to thoroughly explain on the survey report form the reasons for using the other methods. This is the simplest method; it involves only walking the stream to look for fish. It is best to wear polarized sunglasses to reduce glare from the water and to survey only when water conditions allow good visibility. It's also best to walk upstream so that you can " sneak up" on fish in pools. Fish often are near the upstream ends of pools waiting for food to drift toward them. Small fish, such as fry, often are in shallow water along the margin of the stream. Be very alert because fish usually will dart into cover when they detect any movement, especially in small headwater streams. It helps to toss bread crumbs, insects, small twigs, or bemes into the stream to entice the fish to leave cover. The visual method is best suited to small streams where pools aren't deep enough to prevent your seeing the fish. This method is also the least damaging to the fish because actual collection is not required. However, the value of survey results can be reduced by many factors such as cloudy water, surface glare on the water, overcast days ( reduced light), fish behavior, and even the surveyor's poor eyesight. For these reasons, this method is not effective for determining the maximum upstream limit of fish distribution, although it can be used to prove fish are in a certain reach of the stream. Snorkeling is a special method of visual observation that can work well in some situations. Snorkeling allows you to see underwater through a diving mask and breathing snorkel. This method can be used in larger waters where electroshockers are less successful, and it has been used to locate fry where other methods failed. Night snorkel surveys are particularly useful for observ-ing bull trout fry. Visual observation Hook and line Backpack electroshocker The hook- and- line method uses a rod and reel and relies on the feeding be-havior of the fish. In small streams, drop a baited hook into the deepest pools, where larger fish often are. Bait can include worms, single eggs, cheese, dry flies, or stream insects such as caddis larvae. Sample pools that have a lot of cover because those tend to support greater numbers of fish. As with the visual observation method, approach the pool cautiously to avoid alerting the fish. To minimize the risk of injuring or killing the fish, always use barbless hooks. The hook- and- line method can be used when conditions are not good for visual sampling; for example, when water is not clear, flow is high, or the day is overcast. This method may be the most effective for sampling some larger or deeper waters where visual and electroshocker methods can be ineffective. These waters include deep beaver ponds and large, steep streams where downstream barriers ( such as falls and very steep sections) keep fish out of the small tributaries. This method has limitations, though, depending on fish behavior and the life stage of the fish that are present. Fish may be reluctant to bite on cold days, or when the water is murky with sediment, or if the fish detect the surveyor's presence. Also, hook- and- line sampling is not effective if only fry are in the stream. This method also depends on the angling skills of the surveyor. As with the visual observation method, hook- and- line sampling may not be the best way to determine the maximum upstream distribution of fish in small streams, but often it can be used to find fish in larger waters. The most effective way to determine the upstream extent of fish is with a backpack electroshocker. Electroshocker sampling requires additional training and experience, though, to be effective and safe. A backpack electroshocker introduces an electric field into the stream that temporarily immobilizes fish. Stunned fish can be observed as they float in the water, or they can be captured in a small hand net for closer observation if necessary. As with other methods, it is best to work in an upstream direction, wear polarized glasses, and to approach the sampling site carefully to avoid alerting the fish. One person nets fish while another person operates the electroshocker. The netter should walk behind or beside the shocker to avoid alerting the fish. The electroshocker can be very effective for sampling in small streams even where brush or instream cover prevents most other sampling methods. In fact, an electroshocker is often most effective in areas with instream cover because fish usually concentrate in these locations. This method works in streams of various sizes but is less effective in larger streams and in deep pools, espe-cially large beaver ponds. Use electroshockers carefully to minimize killing fish. When properly adjusted and used, the electroshocker should stun the fish without killing them. The fish may escape if the current is set too low, but usually the surveyor will still see the fish and so be able to document fish presence. To sample effectively and minimize fish kill, set the electroshocker on the lowest practical voltage output and low- frequency currents ( low pulse rates). Before sampling, use a voltame-ter to test the electroshocker in a stream. If the voltameter is not available, it is a good idea to test the electroshocker in a stream that you know has fish before working in streams whose fish use you do not know. The test will tell you whether the equipment is working and the effects of using different settings. The surveyors' safety must be considered carefully before using this method. Electroshockers can injure or kill humans if not properly used. Surveyors should not use this method without proper training, including CPR training. Surveyors should work in crews of at least two. All surveyors should wear rubber waders and rubber gloves during stream shocking and never use dipnets with metallic handles; the nets should have wood or fiberglass handles. All members of an electroshocking crew should understand the proper operation procedures and potential dangers of this equipment. The effectiveness of electroshocker sampling depends on water conditions and on the skills of the electroshocker operator and the netter. The electroshocker method may not be so useful in high flows or in turbulent or murky water because the surveyors may not see immobilized fish. Another drawback to this method is that the electroshockers may not be widely available and can be expensive. However, with proper training and experience and under suitable survey conditions, this method is the best for accurately determining the maximum upstream extent of fish use. There may be situations where reliable results can be had by using methods not discussed here. For example, headwater beaver ponds may be effectively Other methods sampled by fishing for at least 48 hours with minnow traps baited with salmon eggs or commercial trout bait. Or, seine nets may be effective in beaver ponds or larger waters. If you are thinking about using these or other sampling methods, discuss it first with the departments of Fish and Wildlife and of Forestry. They will decide whether the proposed methods are appropriate and, if so, set the required minimum level of sample effort for the alternate method. A backpack electroshocker is the best way to get reliable information about the upstream extent of fish use or to prove a stream is m e N ( no fish use). Sur- Survey methods: vey data that document the presence of fish through other methods, such as a summary visual observation or hook- and- line, will always be used to classify streams as Type F as far up as the point of observation, even though the exact upstream extent of fish use may not be known. In some cases, methods other than an electroshocker may give reliable information about the maximum upstream distribution of fish. Examples include deep beaver ponds and large, steep streams in which barriers keep fish out of small upstream tributaries. In those cases, reliable results may be better obtained with hook- and- line sampling or with other methods. Whenever the survey is conducted by methods other than an electroshocker, the reasons for choosing the other method must be thor-oughly explained on the survey form. Timing the surveys Survey accuracy depends a lot on the time of year the survey is done and on stream conditions at that time. Since the purpose of the survey is to accurately document the presence or absence of fish, it is critical to do the survey when fish are expected to be using the upper reaches of a stream. This generally is near spawning times or soon after fry emerge, when stream flows are relatively high. A survey done during a low- flow period may not indicate the actual maximum upstream extent of fish use or accurately prove no fish use the stream. Fish may use the upper reaches of a stream for a limited time only, so fish- use surveys must be timed carefully. Surveys done at other than recommended times may not give a complete description of fish use. For example, if fish are found at other than the recommended survey times, the surveyed part of the stream can be classified as fish- bearing, but the maximum upstream extent of fish use may not be known. If fish are not found, that will not necessarily prove that the stream reach does not support fish use. Only if the survey is made at a time when fish are most likely to be there can the absence of fish be a reliable sign that no fish use that portion of the stream. Other factors can affect the reliability of the survey even if it is made at the proper time. Abnormal flows due to drought or extreme runoff could affect the distribution of fish or the sampling efficiency of the surveyor. So, it is best not only to do the sampling within the recommended time period but also when conditions are appropriate. In some cases, survey timing may not have much effect on the reliability of survey results. This could occur when factors other than seasonal flow patterns control the upstream extent of fish distribution. For example, streams that get most of their water from springs may not have seasonal flow variations, including summer flows low enough to control the upstream distribution of fish. Or, conditions other than low flow could be controlling distribution. For example, large, steep streams that have natural barriers such as falls and steep, impassable sections. In such cases, surveys taken outside the recommended time periods may yield reliable data. However, it is important to describe these conditions thoroughly on the survey forms to justify not following the recom-mended timing. See Table 1 for the recommended sampling periods for different regions of the state for normal water- flow years. Periods differ due to variations in stream flow patterns, fish species, and life- history traits of the species in the different areas. Contact the local ODFW office before sampling to find out the best time to survey the stream you are planning to sample. Table 1. General recommended time periods to sample streams, by geographic region, during nomull water- flow years. Please contact your local ODFW ofice before sampling in order to get specific timing recommendations for the stream you will be sampling. REGION of Recommended Georeaion Stream Survey Period WESTERNO REGON All Coast South Coast West Cascades Interior Siskiyou March 1 through May 3 1 EASTERONR EGON All except spring- fed April 1 East Cascades through June 30 Blue Mountains Spring- fed streams* Entire year * Spring- fed streams are streams that get most of their water Born groundwater sources and that have very minor seasonal variations in flow. Stream surveys must be done within certain time periods ( Table 1) if the purpose is to prove the stream does not contain fish or to document the maximum upstream extent of fish use. mming recommendations are based on normal water- flow years and may vary in some years. Contact the local ODFW office before sampling to get specific timing recommendations for the streams to be surveyed. Information gathered at other times of the year may be used to document fish presence but may not be reliable enough to establish upstream fish- use limits or to classify the stream as II) lpe N ( no fish use). Whenever the recommended survey timing is not used, it is important to explain the reasons on the survey form so that the data can be evaluated for reliability. ~ - ~ Survey timing: a summary Survey effort: a summary Survey effort The level of effort used to complete the survey also can affect the reliability of the survey results. If the level of effort or the amount of stream sampled is too little, it may be wrong to conclude that fish are not present. The following guidelines describe the minimum level of survey effort required to assure that the data are reliable. If the purpose of the survey is to show that no fish use the stream, the survey will be considered reliable only if it includes at least 50 yards of stream length md a minimum of six pools, each at least 1 foot deep, immediately upstream of the point at which the non- fish- bearing section begins. ( In some cases, the survey will have to cover much more than 50 yards of stream in order to also include the required six pools.) In addition, the survey must include sampling any beaver dam ponds in the upstream non- fish section. Surveyors are encouraged to exceed the minimum level of effort in order to be even more sure that fish are absent from a stream reach and that the maximum upstream extent of fish use has been found. A survey intended to show the absence of fish must sample at least 50 yards of stream distance and a minimum of six pools, each at least 1 foot deep, imme-diately upstream of the point at which fish use is believed to end. In addition, any beaver ponds upstream must be sampled as part of the survey. The require-ments for the methods used and the timing of the survey also must be met in order to document the absence of fish. Legal requirements In Oregon, the Department of Fish and Wildlife regulates the collection of fish for personal or scientific use. Generally, collection methods prohibited by the general angling regulations, such as electroshockers, traps, or nets, and collec-tions at times of the year when angling is closed will require a Scientific Collection Permit from the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. Scientific Collection Permits can be issued to agencies, companies, or indi-viduals. Request an application from the Fish Division of the Oregon Depart-ment of Fish and Wildlife, P. O. Box 59, Portland, OR 97207; telephone ( 503) 229- 5410, extension 323. Submit the application at least 1 month before you plan to do the survey in order to be sure the permit can be issued in time. The application requests information about the collection method to be used, when and where collection will be made, and a summary of the proposed project. By law, surveyers must keep records of their collection activities and submit them to the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. Surveys using the visual observation method ( including snorkeling) do not require any licenses or permits because fish are not physically collected. Sampling with the hook- and- line method during open fishing seasons requires only a valid angling license. However, Oregon resident landowners and their immediate families do not need angling licenses to fish on land they own and live on. In either case, the general ahgling regulations for the stream must be followed during hook- and- line sampling unless a Scientific Collection Permit is obtained. Additional restrictions on survey efforts may apply if the stream contains species that the state or federal government lists as sensitive, threatened, or endangered species. Please contact your local ODFW office to find out whether any of these species are likely to be in streams you plan to sample. Reporting survey results Give survey data to the local ODF district office so that district Stream Classi-fication Maps can be updated. On page 19 is a blank survey report form. It asks for information about the location of the stream; the methods, timing, and effort of the survey; the physical character of the stream; observations of fish and wildlife; and the presence of natural or human- created barriers to fish passage. complete one form for each stream reach where fish were ob-served or fish use was found to end. See Figure 3 ( page 12) for descriptions of some fish species common to $ mall, forested streams; these may help to identify fish seen during surveys. Detailed instructions for completing the survey form are on pages 14 through 18. Attach to the Fish Presence Survey Form a copy of the ODF Stream ClassM-cation Map for the surveyed area or, if that is not available, a copy of the 7.5 minute USGS topographic map for the area. Note the following information on the map. ( Examples of completed survey report forms and maps are on pages 21 through 30.) The area of the stream that was actually surveyed ( including the areas without fish) as part of the survey effort. Highlight in yellow the entire stream reach surveyed ( see examples on pages 25,28, and 30). The upper limit of fish use. Note this on the map by drawing a line across the stream and writing the letter F at that point. The name of the surveyor. The date the stream was surveyed. GENUS ONCORHYNCUS - PACIFIC SALMON IOENTIFICATION FEATURES OF JUVENILES Faint parr marks. extend little. if am: below latanl line. Lures SOCKEYE w GENUS ONCORHYNCUS- TROUT IDENTIFICATIOEI FUTURES OF JUVENILES pols in dorsal Teeth on of tongue Maxillary extend past rear margin on throat W - Of eye CUTTHROAT 5 - I 0 parr marks on ridge ahead of dorsal tongue astend & st rear mark on throat Y; V margin of eye STEELHEAD- RAINBOW Few or no spots i n tail Figure 3. Identification characteristics of some juvenile salmon and trout species that may be observed in forested streams. 3. Permission to enter private forest lands should be obtained from all land-owners before the surveys are conducted. 4. Fish- presence surveys should then be made according to the guidelines given in this publication. 5. The required survey information, recorded on the Fish Presence Survey Form and maps, should be given to the local ODF district office. 6. The ODF office will give copies of the completed survey forms and maps to the local office of the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. 7. The Department of Forestry will review the information, usually in consul-tation with the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife, to determine whether the survey results are reliable. 8. Based on its assessment of data reliability, the Department of Forestry will make appropriate changes to the ODF Stream Classification Maps. 9. All affected landowners will be notified of the proposed stream classifica-tion changes, according to the notification rules ( OAR 629- 57- 2110( 2)). Instructions for completing the survey report form The following information should be reported on the Fish Presence Survey Form. These instructions are in the order that the information appears on the form. Complete one form for each stream reach or branch where fish were observed or fish use was found to end. This may require assigning codes to unnamed tributaries ( for example, " trib. a," " trib. b") so that survey data can be cross- referenced to the survey maps. Please refer to examples on pages 21 through 29. Surveyor Narne( s): The name of the person or persons responsible for con-ducting the survey and reporting the results. AgencyfCompany: The name of the agency or company that employs the surveyor ( if applicable). Landowner: The name of the landowner of the reach surveyed. Mailing Address and Phone: The address and phone number for the person responsible for the survey. Stream: The name of the stream as reported on the USGS or ODF Stream Classification Map for the area. If the stream is unnamed, report the stream as " unnamed" and list the tributary that it flows into (" Tributary to..."). Tributary to: The name of the main stream ( as reported on the USGS or ODF map) that the surveyed stream flows into. This is especially important if the surveyed stream is unnamed. Quad Map: The name of the USGS 7.5 minute topographic map that includes the reach of the stream surveyed. If the surveyed reach covers more than one quad map, report first the name of the map that shows the identified end- point of fish use and then give the other maps' names. Location: A legal description ( township, range, and section to at least the quarter section) of the location where fish use ends. Date Surveyed: The month, day, and year the fish survey was conducted. Survey Method: Check the box for the survey method used. If more than one method was used, check all that apply and note the most often used method in the comments section or in the form's margin. Survey Amount Above End of Fish Use: The length of stream reach that was surveyed immediately upstream of the identified end of fish use. Estimate ( in feet) the length surveyed, and give the number of pools sampled for fish in that section. A survey to prove the absence of fish must sample at least 50 yards of stream and at least six pools immediately upstream of the end of fish use. In addition, any upstream beaver ponds must also be sampled. Flow Level: The flow conditions at the time of the survey. Use the following categories of flow. Low: Ranges from a series of isolated pools to flowing across less than 75 percent of the average bankfull width. Moderate: Surface water is flowing across 75 to 90 percent of the average bankfull width. High: Surface water flowing across more than 90 percent of the average bankfull width. It is not recommended thatfih presence surveys be conducted at high jlows. Weather: The weather during most of the fish survey ( rainy, overcast, partly cloudy, sunny, snowy, etc.). Water Clarity: The water visibility during the survey. Use the following categories of water visibility. Clear: Visibility is good in pools, deep pools, and riffles. Moderate: Visibility is good only in riffles and shallow pools. Turbid: Visibility is poor in both riffles and pools. It is not recommended that fih presence surveys be conducted when water is turbid. Water Temperature ( optional): The temperature of the stream ( in degrees Farenheit) at the time of the survey. Fish observations Report the species and approximate size ranges of fish observed in the sur-veyed reach. Use Figure 3 ( page 12) as a guide to identifying some game fish species commonly found in small, forested streams. Use the following codes and instructions to complete this section. Species: Use the following names or codes to report fish observed during the survey. If you observe a species not listed here, such as Pacific lamprey, use its common name. Name Species Code Coho salmon Co Cutthroat trout Ct Rainbow troutfsteelhead Rb/ St Bull trout BUT Brook trout BT Unknown salmonid UnS Sizes: Report the size range of fish, in inches, by species. For example, the size range of coho observed could be reported as " 1- 4 inches." If you see several sizes of one species ( for example, some cutthroat trout in the " 1- to 2- inch range and others in the " 6- to 8- inch" range), list them separately. Aquatic wildlife The types of aquatic wildlife that may be observed include tailed frogs ( includ-ing juvenile " tadpoles"), Pacific giant salamanders, and Olympic salamanders. Species: Give the common name of the species, if known. If you don't know the species name, at least report observations by a general name such as " salamanders." Number: The number of aquatic wildlife in each species or group observed. Physical stream data Report the physical characteristics of the stream in the vicinity of the end- point of fish use. Report information separately for ( 1) the section immediately at and downstream of the end of fish use, and ( 2) the area upstream of the maximum extent of fish use. Following are specific instructions for collecting this information. Bankfull Channel Width: By eye, estimate the average width ( in feet) of the bankfull channel for the 100- foot sections above and below the end- point of fish use. The bankfull channel is the area that is scoured by water during average high flows. The edge of the bankfull channel can be identified by looking for changes in vegetation, in soils and litter characteristics, or in the shape of the bank. The bank often will abruptly change slope at the bankfull boundary. Vegetation at the boundary often changes from annual vegetation ( such as grasses) to more permanent vegetation such as trees and shrubs. Estimate the width across the channel between the edges of the bankfull level. Current Wetted Width: Visually estimate the average width ( in feet) of the channel that contains flow ( is wetted) at the time of the survey. Report the estimated averages for the 100- foot sections above and below the end of fish use. Channel Gradient: Measure the average stream gradient with a clinometer for the 100- foot sections above and below the end of fish use. me a piece of flagging at eye level on a branch or shrub, walk up or down the stream bank, and then use the clinometer to sight on the flagging while you are standing on the channel bottom. Read and report the percent gradient. ODF Stream Class Size: The stream size (" small," " medium," or " large") from the ODF Stream Classification Maps for the reaches immediately above and downstream of the end of fish use. Natural barriers This information is very important for understanding relationships between the presence of fish and the physical characteristics of the stream. Understanding these relationships can help determine where fish- presence surveys should be concentrated and help predict where fish are likely to occur if survey informa-tion is not yet available. Generally, natural barriers are permanent structures such as falls or vertical drops more than 8 to 10 feet high for salmon or steel-head or 4 feet high for trout. Log jams, drops over logs, beaver dams, or other organic structures generally are only temporary barriers to fish passage, but report them as well. If fish use ends at a natural barrier, such as a waterfall, bedrock chute or cascades, describe the conditions at the site. Include a description of: ( 1) the type of barrier, ( 2) the approximate height ( in feet), ( 3) the percentage of slope, ( 4) the length ( in feet) of the bedrock chute or cascades, and ( 5) any other conditions that may be limiting fish passage. If the potential barrier is a bedrock chute, note whether the bedrock contains pools or rough features ( such as rocks, boulders, or other breaks in the flow), or whether the water flows in an even, shallow pattern over the bedrock. Please note on the survey map the locations of any natural barriers encountered. If you encounter a natural barrier, also be sure to sample above this point because fish often are found above natural barriers. Road- crossing barriers This information also is very important for understanding relationships be-tween the presence of fish and the physical characteristics of the stream. Road-crossing barriers can alter the relationships. If fish use ends at a road- crossing barrier, such as a culvert, describe the conditions at the site. Describe the type of barrier and its measurements at the time of the survey such as ( 1) the diameter of the culvert, in inches, ( 2) the depth ( in inches) of water in the culvert, ( 3) the height ( in feet) of the jump ( drop) below the culvert or structure, ( 4) the depth ( in inches or feet) of the plunge pool below the culvert outfall, ( 5) the gradient or slope of the culvert, given as a percentage as read off a clinometer, ( 6) the length ( in feet) of the culvert, and ( 7) any other factors that could affect fish passage. Please note on the survey map the locations of any road- crossing barriers, even if they are not at the end- point of fish use. As with natural barriers, be sure also to sample above the site because fish often are found above road- crossing barriers. Other comments Any other comments or notations that you think may be pertinent to the fish survey. It helps to describe any notable habitat characteristics, for example " lots of instream wood," " very few pools in the reach," " heavy silt load in the stream." Use the reverse side of the form if necessary. FISH PRESENCE SURVEY FORM ATTACH A COPY OF THE 7.5 MINUTE ODF STREAM CLASS MAP Surveyor Name( s): Agency: Land Owner: Mailing Address: Phone: Date Surveyed: Stream: Tributary to: Quad Map: Location: T R Sec. Survey Method ( d): 0 Electroshocker 0 h & g 0 Visual Survey Above End of Fish Use: Distance ( feet) Number of Pools Flow Level ( d): 0 Low 17 Moderate High Weather: Water Temperature: Water Clarity ( d): Clear 17 Moderate 17 Turbid FISH OBSERVATIONS AQUATIC WILDLIFE PHYSICAL STREAM DATA If fish use ends at a natural barrier, describe the conditions that prevent upstream fish passage. If fish use ends at a road crossing, describe conditions that may prevent upstream fish passage. Other comments ( use reverse side if necessary): FISH PRESENCE SURVEY FORM ATTACH A COPY OF THE 7.5 MINUTE ODF STREAM CLASS MAP Surveyor Name( s): . be Sorveq , 3 Troo+, FI s h G n r u l l , I*? , S.; L. Agency: N/ C I Land Owner: k! 4~ 4f, l T; M ~ C C Mailing address:?.^. sox ~ g~,\ L L I M UF~ A \ ID~ R) jC? suo Phone: BSB- 5555 ate surveyed: A p ( ; i 2 8, ! ?? s I Stream: Un hawed , " Tr I b R!' Tributary to: lr3 F . 21 o k so- ~ r a& QuadMap: D\ A &\ dy Location: T 305 R 5 " L Sec. 30, sw/ sto Survey Method ( d): d~ lectroshocker Angling 0 Visual Survey Above End of Fish Use: Distance ( feet) I 86 ' Number of Pools Flow Level ( d): CI Low cd~ oderate High Weather: S owv Water Temperature: 7 O F I Water Clarity ( V): dclear Moderate I7 Turbid FISH OBSERVATIONS AQUATIC WILDLIFE Species I Snes 1 Spedes 1 Quant'ity 1 PHYSICAL STREAM DATA If fish use ends at a natural barrier, describe the conditions that prevent upstream fish passage. bk If fish use ends at a road crossing, describe conditions that may prevent upstream fish passage. prf+ Other comments ( use reverse side if necessary): f- 15 L wsz ewd 30 $& abov e f *; rd John50~ m ain\ ifi< ~ r o s s i n OH ~ f r e a ~ 7.% ~ 5t redw g d ~ e n f & ry s t u p abde + he a d 4' & sh use - p & f i a n 10%. 2 1 OREGON FISH PRESENCE SURVEY FORM ATTACH A COPY OF THE 7.5 MINUTE ODF STREAM CLASS MAP Fish & Wildlife Stream: ~) nr? euce, d " Tr t b, O " Tributary to: w F & n~ oq CC. Quad Map: old &\ A% Location: T 382 R 5E Sec.' 30, si/ Sw I Survey Method ( 4): ~ lectroshocker 0 Angling 0 Visual Survey Above End of Fish Use: Distance ( feet) 2 5' 0 Number of Pools 20 Flow Level ( d): 0 Low d ~ o d e r a t e High Weather: Lw+ Water Temperature: 6 0 F I Water Clarity ( d): dclear Cl Moderate Turbid FISH OBSERVATIONS AQUATIC WILDLIFE Species 1 Snes I! , Species Quantity If fish use ends at a natural bamer, desc ' be the conditions that prevent u stre m fish assage. Fid - 4s 4+ 2 S ' ~ r t i Lm* r? d\. A dJ @ cater also % 15& 5 ( ho& a. r. rp Q5 W F - buffis @ ere fouu\ d . opstr + ye If fish use ehs) at a roa d. crossmng, descnbe conhlons that may prevent upstream fish passage. Other comments ( use reverse side if necessary): w tfw+ were fbU 4 above % z 6 + of (~ la+ erf~ ll above fu 25fcof I sowe years. 22 fail s& i ro fish t@ f& probab/ y vp FISH PRESENCE SURVEY FORM ATTACH A COPY OF THE 7.5 MINUTE ODF STREAM CLASS MAP stream: V A ~ ~ ~ + SC~" T & ~ ributaryto: u. F. 3ehbtja14 Creek Quad Map: old - b a t d ~ Location: T 3 S 5 R 5 E Sec. Survey Method ( d): d~ lectroshocker 0 Anghng 0 Visual Survey Above End of Fish Use: Distance ( feet) a 2 5 Number of Pools 2 Flow Level ( d): 0 Low & oderate 0 High Weather: SvMwv Water Temperature: I Water Clarity ( d): d l e a r 0 Moderate 0 Turbid FISH OBSERVATIONS AQUATIC WILDLIFE - ... . .: : :....: ' ' . . . . . . A , , , .: . . . . , . . , .&& : ! Species ... . ..$ pedes Quantity PHYSICAL STREAM DATA If fish use ends at a natural barrier, describe the conditions that prevent upstream fish passage. M/ A If fish use ends at a road crossing, describe conditions that may prevent upstream fish passage. FISH PRESENCE SURVEY FORM ATTACH A COPY OF THE 7.5 MINUTE ODF STREAM CLASS MAP Stream: West h r k Aobrson Cr eeG Tributary to: Johnrow Cre~ k Quad Map: ( ~ ( 4Ith .\ Ay Location: T 385 R 5 E Sec. 2?,, 5E/ sLJ I Survey Method ( d): dlectroshocker 0 Angling Visual Survey Above End of Fish Use: Distance ( feet) 3 00 Number of Pools t% Flow Level ( V): 0 Low d ~ o d e r ae t High Weather: j , y~ I Water Temperature: 60" F= Water Clarity ( d): & ear Moderate Turbid FISH OBSERVATIONS AQ- U ATIC WILDLIFE t Spedes Quantity 1 I PHYSICAL STREAM DATA + IH n D CtsL 5h-* If fish use ends at a natural barrier, describe the conditions that prevent upstream fish passage. N I A If fish use ends t a roqj crossiy, describ~ concl~~ tohnats may prevent upstr am fish passa e. ~ hrvctr ert a no? pQ59 ~ c - r b LOWOJQ 4 u. 4 9 ) drop at * rut-/&. b l d a r p fn qr p aI . 7, slop is 6 70 , and w ( onp 7 % fu~ lv er+ 1s ~ chul~ ledb e replace4 t bi s Svmncr. Other comments ( use reverse s~ de~ fn ecessa ): Lower ~ t r c a - q r d r r & a & e + LC cd en. Sf- rm* bb; M Ieok 30a4, but + k shaln. dry up ;* SOW years. FISH PRESENCE SURVEY FORM ATTACH A COPY OF THE 7.5 MINUTE ODF STREAM CLASS MAP Mailing Address: ?. c, 3 2 , AJLO ~ L4- T o R 70 00 Phone: b40 - oool Date Surveyed: / Ha v 2 / cj? T I stream: ~ nnclcr- ed , " 7- r; b k " Tributary to: Lobs k c Creek Quad Map: BULL Lrceu Rtdqc Location: T 35 R 2W S ~ C . ~ ~ N € + 4 Survey Method ( d): ~ lectroshocker Angling 0 Visual Survey Above End of Fish Use: Distance ( feet) 300 Number of Pools I 57 Flow Level ( d): 0 Low rd~ oderate High Weather: 7k + lVL * wy Water Temperature: 6 O T-Water Clarity ( d): && ear Moderate Turbid FISH OBSERVATIONS AQUATIC WILDLlFE I , , , ' Species Sies Spedes Quantity If fish use ends, at a natural ba ' er, describe t e conditions that prevent upstream fish passage. The. LZ m c b r u f - ~ V~ L ry 54- p X e u e + he ed$+ t.* use. ~ k rlrcnu, RIIIVC ~ L I : : pain+ I S ~ 4 1 ~ g ~ r L ~ d eo5ve r bai( Lle r S, b+ + his ri- gf obnhi~ n o+ Q b r r r t c r. ' 7 If fish use ends at a road crossing, descn e conditions that may prevent upstream fish passage. U P Other comments ( use reverse side if necessary): N r 4.0r L r ~ s; Wj J bCqPn 5 u ru . + r + he L) wediunn - sws\ l size chaqc, F, sh U ~ CC ~ wJh c r t a d c c y t r ; b ~ + G~ d . ovt WLQ) ew- ker s LLII+. 26 FISH PRESENCE SURVEY FORM ATTACH A COPY OF THE 7.5 MINUTE ODF STREAM CLASS MAP Surveyor Name( s): 30 e Cadd i i , Bob hJvrnP1\ Agency: o ba~ ~ a'ndbwner: Lobsfec C r , ~ , , b c c Mailing Address: 7 D. ' 30K 2 , ~ J L pLet~ t , D R DO Phone: 8 YD- o 00 1 Date Surveyed: m4 I/ 2, i? 7- C I f Stream: / ) ~ ~ ~ ~ ek bS "" ~ c Tributaryto: L o b s t e r Lraek Quad Map: B V ' ~ Cr eek ??, d. ie Location: T 73 R 2 0 Sec. 3Y, ~ I. o AA. J G Survey Method ( d): d~ lectroshocker Angling 0 Visual Survey Above End of Fish Use: Distance ( feet) 2 5 0 Number of Pools / D Flow Level ( d): 0 Low d ~ o d e r a t e 0 High Weather: 94, & SU W\ I Water Temperature: 5- 7 " ?= Water Clarity ( d) : Wc1ea. r CI Moderate 0 Turbid FISH OBSERVATIONS AQUATIC WILDLIFE PHYSICAL STREAM DATA Species Sics Spedes If fish use ends at a natural barrier, describe the conditions that prevent upstream fish passage. Quantity If fish use ends at a road crossing, describe conditions that may prevent upstream fish passage. I I Other comments ( use reverse side if necessary): ~ h5ctre um WLS " r y ~ Lw iL tL ~ decy f- goo( r. @. la f is/., observe4 , Ty pr N ~ f . r e u ~ z . FISH PRESENCE SURVEY FORM ATTACH A COPY OF THE 7.5 MINUTE ODF STREAM CLASS MAP Surveyor Name( s): \ ce < . 3ab Tr cut Agency: u/ k2 Mailing ~ ddress: Z3R Rne St , b k n h( e dr ! OR ? d o 0 Phone: ZB?- 3333 Date Surveyed: stream: ~*- aweA Tributary to: c r & QuadMap: G l e w b ~ ~ e k Location: T \ 4 5 R 6 @ Sec. zS,, ~ 3t .+ S-Survey Method ( d): d~ lectroshocker Angling Visual Survey Above End of Fish Use: Distance ( feet) Number of Pools Q Flow Level ( d): 0 Low & oderate High Weather: C( ea c Water Temperature: 5?* F Water Clarity ( d): lW2ear 0 Moderate Turbid FISH OBSERVATIONS AQUATIC WILDLIFE Species Sizes Spedes Quantity PHYSICAL STREAM DATA If fish use ends at a natural barrier, describe the conditions that prevent upstream fish passage. U P If fish use ends at a road crossing, describe conditions that may prevent upstream fish passage. Close

• 82. [Image] Fishermen with creels and fish

  	Two men, Fred Lewis, Matthew Ray hold fishing poles, wicker creels slung over shoulders, man on left holds fish in other hand
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Fishermen with creels and fish Author: Southern Oregon Historical Society Two men, Fred Lewis, Matthew Ray hold fishing poles, wicker creels slung over shoulders, man on left holds fish in other hand Title: Fishermen with creels and fish Author: Southern Oregon Historical Society Two men, Fred Lewis, Matthew Ray hold fishing poles, wicker creels slung over shoulders, man on left holds fish in other hand Close

• 83. [Image] Spawning Chinook salmon

  	A group of unidentified men pulling fish from a fish rack with nets to gather roe and milt from Chinook salmon for spawning at the Little White Salmon Fish Hatchery in White Salmon, Washington.
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Spawning Chinook salmon Author: Finley, William L. (William Lovell), 1876-1953 Year: 1900 A group of unidentified men pulling fish from a fish rack with nets to gather roe and milt from Chinook salmon for spawning at the Little White Salmon Fish Hatchery in White Salmon, Washington. Title: Spawning Chinook salmon Author: Finley, William L. (William Lovell), 1876-1953 Year: 1900 A group of unidentified men pulling fish from a fish rack with nets to gather roe and milt from Chinook salmon for spawning at the Little White Salmon Fish Hatchery in White Salmon, Washington. Close

• 84. [Image] Spawning Chinook salmon

  	A group of unidentified men pulling fish from a fish rack with nets to gather roe and milt from Chinook salmon for spawning at the Little White Salmon Fish Hatchery in White Salmon, Washington.
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Spawning Chinook salmon Author: Finley, William L. (William Lovell), 1876-1953 Year: 1900 A group of unidentified men pulling fish from a fish rack with nets to gather roe and milt from Chinook salmon for spawning at the Little White Salmon Fish Hatchery in White Salmon, Washington. Title: Spawning Chinook salmon Author: Finley, William L. (William Lovell), 1876-1953 Year: 1900 A group of unidentified men pulling fish from a fish rack with nets to gather roe and milt from Chinook salmon for spawning at the Little White Salmon Fish Hatchery in White Salmon, Washington. Close

• 85. [Image] Spawning Chinook salmon

  	A group of unidentified men pulling fish from a fish rack with nets to gather roe and milt from Chinook salmon for spawning at the Little White Salmon Fish Hatchery in White Salmon, Washington.
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Spawning Chinook salmon Author: Finley, William L. (William Lovell), 1876-1953 Year: 1900 A group of unidentified men pulling fish from a fish rack with nets to gather roe and milt from Chinook salmon for spawning at the Little White Salmon Fish Hatchery in White Salmon, Washington. Title: Spawning Chinook salmon Author: Finley, William L. (William Lovell), 1876-1953 Year: 1900 A group of unidentified men pulling fish from a fish rack with nets to gather roe and milt from Chinook salmon for spawning at the Little White Salmon Fish Hatchery in White Salmon, Washington. Close

• 86. [Image] Spawning Chinook salmon

  	A group of unidentified men pulling fish from a fish rack with nets to gather roe and milt from Chinook salmon for spawning at the Little White Salmon Fish Hatchery in White Salmon, Washington.
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Spawning Chinook salmon Author: Finley, William L. (William Lovell), 1876-1953 Year: 1900 A group of unidentified men pulling fish from a fish rack with nets to gather roe and milt from Chinook salmon for spawning at the Little White Salmon Fish Hatchery in White Salmon, Washington. Title: Spawning Chinook salmon Author: Finley, William L. (William Lovell), 1876-1953 Year: 1900 A group of unidentified men pulling fish from a fish rack with nets to gather roe and milt from Chinook salmon for spawning at the Little White Salmon Fish Hatchery in White Salmon, Washington. Close

• 87. [Image] Men seining with horses at edge of Columbia River.

  	A black and white image of men with horses using nets to sein at the edge of the Columbia River. A small sailboat is in foreground and a steamboat is on far side of river. All of the men wear hats, some ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Men seining with horses at edge of Columbia River. Year: 1880 A black and white image of men with horses using nets to sein at the edge of the Columbia River. A small sailboat is in foreground and a steamboat is on far side of river. All of the men wear hats, some wear rubber aprons and high rubber boots. In the background can be seen the opposite shore of the river, with trees growing on the hillside and some cliffs. Title: Men seining with horses at edge of Columbia River. Year: 1880 A black and white image of men with horses using nets to sein at the edge of the Columbia River. A small sailboat is in foreground and a steamboat is on far side of river. All of the men wear hats, some wear rubber aprons and high rubber boots. In the background can be seen the opposite shore of the river, with trees growing on the hillside and some cliffs. Close

• 88. [Image] Men seining with horses at edge of Columbia River.

  	A black and white image of men with horses using nets to sein at the edge of the Columbia River. A small sailboat is in foreground and a steamboat is on far side of river. All of the men wear hats, some ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Men seining with horses at edge of Columbia River. Year: 1880 A black and white image of men with horses using nets to sein at the edge of the Columbia River. A small sailboat is in foreground and a steamboat is on far side of river. All of the men wear hats, some wear rubber aprons and high rubber boots. In the background can be seen the opposite shore of the river, with trees growing on the hillside and some cliffs. Title: Men seining with horses at edge of Columbia River. Year: 1880 A black and white image of men with horses using nets to sein at the edge of the Columbia River. A small sailboat is in foreground and a steamboat is on far side of river. All of the men wear hats, some wear rubber aprons and high rubber boots. In the background can be seen the opposite shore of the river, with trees growing on the hillside and some cliffs. Close

• 89. [Image] PH037_0P58 Angelus Studio photographs; F60; 3465

  	An interior view of a fish cannery with workers cleaning and sorting fish. The workers, who all appear to be male, are dressed in long aprons and stand next to tables lined with large fish. The interior ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: PH037_0P58 Angelus Studio photographs; F60; 3465 Year: 1880 An interior view of a fish cannery with workers cleaning and sorting fish. The workers, who all appear to be male, are dressed in long aprons and stand next to tables lined with large fish. The interior space is constructed of wood with fish lining the floor around the tables. In the foreground of the image are two wooden bins filled with fish. Also visible in the image are wooden beams, a water hose, and stairway. Title: PH037_0P58 Angelus Studio photographs; F60; 3465 Year: 1880 An interior view of a fish cannery with workers cleaning and sorting fish. The workers, who all appear to be male, are dressed in long aprons and stand next to tables lined with large fish. The interior space is constructed of wood with fish lining the floor around the tables. In the foreground of the image are two wooden bins filled with fish. Also visible in the image are wooden beams, a water hose, and stairway. Close

• 90. [Image] Salmon of the Klamath river, California : 1. The salmon and the fishery of Klamath river. 2. A report on the 1930 catch of king salmon in Klamath river

  	CONTENTS PAGE I. THE SALMON AND THE FISHERY OF KLAMATH RIVER 2695 Introduction 2697 General Characteristics of Klamath River Salmon 2699 Species Other Than King Salmon 26916 The Spring Migration (Immigration) ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Salmon of the Klamath river, California : 1. The salmon and the fishery of Klamath river. 2. A report on the 1930 catch of king salmon in Klamath river Author: Snyder, John Otterbein Year: 1931, 2005 CONTENTS PAGE I. THE SALMON AND THE FISHERY OF KLAMATH RIVER 2695 Introduction 2697 General Characteristics of Klamath River Salmon 2699 Species Other Than King Salmon 26916 The Spring Migration (Immigration) 26918 The Summer Migration (Immigration) 26923 Sex Representation in the Migration 26933 Fish Increase in Average Weight and Size as the Season Advances 26939 Angling for Salmon 26943 Seaward Migration (Emigration) 26944 Obstructions in the River 26950 The Age at Maturity of Klamath King Salmon 26952 Marking Experiments 26967 Experiment in 1916 26968 Experiment in 1918 26968 Experiment in 1919 26968 Experiment in 1920 26968 Experiment in 1922 (Sacramento River) 26971 Experiment in 1922 (Klamath River) 26972 Experiment in 1923-1924 269 143 Ocean Tagging 26980 Depletion 26981 Notes Relating to the Salmon Catch of Klamath River 26988 The Ocean Catch 26992 Age Characteristics of the Ocean Catch 269108 Artificial Propagation in Klamath River 269111 Summary 18 269119 II. A REPORT ON THE 1930 CATCH OF KING SALMON IN KLAMATH RIVER 1823 Title: Salmon of the Klamath river, California : 1. The salmon and the fishery of Klamath river. 2. A report on the 1930 catch of king salmon in Klamath river Author: Snyder, John Otterbein Year: 1931, 2005 CONTENTS PAGE I. THE SALMON AND THE FISHERY OF KLAMATH RIVER 2695 Introduction 2697 General Characteristics of Klamath River Salmon 2699 Species Other Than King Salmon 26916 The Spring Migration (Immigration) 26918 The Summer Migration (Immigration) 26923 Sex Representation in the Migration 26933 Fish Increase in Average Weight and Size as the Season Advances 26939 Angling for Salmon 26943 Seaward Migration (Emigration) 26944 Obstructions in the River 26950 The Age at Maturity of Klamath King Salmon 26952 Marking Experiments 26967 Experiment in 1916 26968 Experiment in 1918 26968 Experiment in 1919 26968 Experiment in 1920 26968 Experiment in 1922 (Sacramento River) 26971 Experiment in 1922 (Klamath River) 26972 Experiment in 1923-1924 269 143 Ocean Tagging 26980 Depletion 26981 Notes Relating to the Salmon Catch of Klamath River 26988 The Ocean Catch 26992 Age Characteristics of the Ocean Catch 269108 Artificial Propagation in Klamath River 269111 Summary 18 269119 II. A REPORT ON THE 1930 CATCH OF KING SALMON IN KLAMATH RIVER 1823 Close

• 91. [Image] Fish catch at Rippey's Camp

  	Men, women, children grouped together at a campsite; 18 fish strung on horizontal bamboo pole in front of people, and fishing poles create a tripod around fish; tent and storage box behind people
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Fish catch at Rippey's Camp Author: K-G (Photo studio of Elton E. Kunselman and Jonathon O. Gerking: Medford, Or., 1912), Southern Oregon Historical Society Year: 1912 Men, women, children grouped together at a campsite; 18 fish strung on horizontal bamboo pole in front of people, and fishing poles create a tripod around fish; tent and storage box behind people Title: Fish catch at Rippey's Camp Author: K-G (Photo studio of Elton E. Kunselman and Jonathon O. Gerking: Medford, Or., 1912), Southern Oregon Historical Society Year: 1912 Men, women, children grouped together at a campsite; 18 fish strung on horizontal bamboo pole in front of people, and fishing poles create a tripod around fish; tent and storage box behind people Close

• 92. [Image] Scientific evaluation of biological opinions on endangered and threatened fishes in the Klamath River basin : oversight hearing before the Committee on Resources, U.S. House of Representatives, One Hundred Seventh Congress, second session, March 13, 2002

  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Scientific evaluation of biological opinions on endangered and threatened fishes in the Klamath River basin : oversight hearing before the Committee on Resources, U.S. House of Representatives, One Hundred Seventh Congress, second session, March 13, 2002 Author: United States. Congress. House. Committee on Resources Year: 2002, 2004 Title: Scientific evaluation of biological opinions on endangered and threatened fishes in the Klamath River basin : oversight hearing before the Committee on Resources, U.S. House of Representatives, One Hundred Seventh Congress, second session, March 13, 2002 Author: United States. Congress. House. Committee on Resources Year: 2002, 2004 Close

• 93. [Image] Textile panel of indigo cotton broadcloth with pattern of fish in pale blue batik

  	Textile panel of indigo cotton broadcloth with pattern of fish in pale blue batik.
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Textile panel of indigo cotton broadcloth with pattern of fish in pale blue batik Year: 1901 Textile panel of indigo cotton broadcloth with pattern of fish in pale blue batik. Title: Textile panel of indigo cotton broadcloth with pattern of fish in pale blue batik Year: 1901 Textile panel of indigo cotton broadcloth with pattern of fish in pale blue batik. Close

• 94. [Image] Men on a fishing trip

  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Men on a fishing trip Year: 1912 Title: Men on a fishing trip Year: 1912 Close

• 95. [Image] Arbuthnot's canoeing companion displaying fish, circa 1910

  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Arbuthnot's canoeing companion displaying fish, circa 1910 Author: James George Arbuthnot Year: 1910 Title: Arbuthnot's canoeing companion displaying fish, circa 1910 Author: James George Arbuthnot Year: 1910 Close

• 96. [Image] Man fishing from a boat, circa 1910

  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Man fishing from a boat, circa 1910 Author: James George Arbuthnot Year: 1910 Title: Man fishing from a boat, circa 1910 Author: James George Arbuthnot Year: 1910 Close

• 97. [Image] 2340 Seabirds & Fishing Boats 12 Sept 1948

  	Seabirds and fishing vessels 12 Sept 1948
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: 2340 Seabirds & Fishing Boats 12 Sept 1948 Year: 1948 Seabirds and fishing vessels 12 Sept 1948 Title: 2340 Seabirds & Fishing Boats 12 Sept 1948 Year: 1948 Seabirds and fishing vessels 12 Sept 1948 Close

• 98. [Image] Dog fish (shark) Newport, OR

  	Dog fish (shark) Newport, OR
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Dog fish (shark) Newport, OR Year: 2011 Dog fish (shark) Newport, OR Title: Dog fish (shark) Newport, OR Year: 2011 Dog fish (shark) Newport, OR Close

• 99. [Image] FV Fish On at dock

  	FV Fish On with boy (at left) Greg Morrow
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: FV Fish On at dock Year: 2011 FV Fish On with boy (at left) Greg Morrow Title: FV Fish On at dock Year: 2011 FV Fish On with boy (at left) Greg Morrow Close

• 100. [Image] The “Earl Marie” fishing boat, Depoe Bay, OR

  	Fishing boat under Depoe Bay Bridge
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The “Earl Marie” fishing boat, Depoe Bay, OR Year: 2011 Fishing boat under Depoe Bay Bridge Title: The “Earl Marie” fishing boat, Depoe Bay, OR Year: 2011 Fishing boat under Depoe Bay Bridge Close