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• 1. [Article] Crooked River Watershed Assessment

  Abstract -- This assessment includes information on land use, historic conditions, hydrology and water use, uplands, riparian and channel conditions, water quality, fish, and wildlife, and watershed condition ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Crooked River Watershed Assessment Abstract -- This assessment includes information on land use, historic conditions, hydrology and water use, uplands, riparian and channel conditions, water quality, fish, and wildlife, and watershed condition summary. Title: Crooked River Watershed Assessment Abstract -- This assessment includes information on land use, historic conditions, hydrology and water use, uplands, riparian and channel conditions, water quality, fish, and wildlife, and watershed condition summary. Close

• 2. [Article] Long Tom Watershed Assessment

  Abstract -- This assessment presents current and historic information on the physical, biological and cultural landscape in the Long Tom Watershed. Aspects of the watershed that were studied include physical ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Long Tom Watershed Assessment Abstract -- This assessment presents current and historic information on the physical, biological and cultural landscape in the Long Tom Watershed. Aspects of the watershed that were studied include physical stream conditions, hydrology, sediment transport, land and water use, vegetation, habitat, aquatic species and water quality. In general, this information is summarized by subbasin. The maps in this assessment show the extent and general location of certain watershed features or human impacts, but they should not be considered precise enough to target a specific piece of property. Title: Long Tom Watershed Assessment Abstract -- This assessment presents current and historic information on the physical, biological and cultural landscape in the Long Tom Watershed. Aspects of the watershed that were studied include physical stream conditions, hydrology, sediment transport, land and water use, vegetation, habitat, aquatic species and water quality. In general, this information is summarized by subbasin. The maps in this assessment show the extent and general location of certain watershed features or human impacts, but they should not be considered precise enough to target a specific piece of property. Close

• 3. [Article] Netarts Watershed Assessment

  Abstract -- This watershed assessment includes information on channel habitat types, fish distribution and abundance, fish introductions, fish habitat, migration barriers, historic and current channel ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Netarts Watershed Assessment Abstract -- This watershed assessment includes information on channel habitat types, fish distribution and abundance, fish introductions, fish habitat, migration barriers, historic and current channel modifications, sediment, riparian characteristics including large woody debris, stream shading, water temperature, and water quality. The assessment also contains information on water use, hydrology, and contains a watershed condition synthesis. Title: Netarts Watershed Assessment Abstract -- This watershed assessment includes information on channel habitat types, fish distribution and abundance, fish introductions, fish habitat, migration barriers, historic and current channel modifications, sediment, riparian characteristics including large woody debris, stream shading, water temperature, and water quality. The assessment also contains information on water use, hydrology, and contains a watershed condition synthesis. Close

• 4. [Article] Limiting Factors Assessment and Restoration Plan: Olalla Creek Tributary of the Yaquina Estuary

  Abstract -- This document provides watershed restoration actions proposed to enhance the Coho Salmon population within the Olalla Creek subbasin in Lincoln County, Oregon. The report contains information ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Limiting Factors Assessment and Restoration Plan: Olalla Creek Tributary of the Yaquina Estuary Abstract -- This document provides watershed restoration actions proposed to enhance the Coho Salmon population within the Olalla Creek subbasin in Lincoln County, Oregon. The report contains information on the physical setting, current status of Coho, resources used in developing the plan, general questions that guided the assessment, pre-survey mapping/location of habitat subdivisions, secondary branch habitats, critical contributing areas, lowland area, summer and winter habitat assessment, lake habitat, location of other resources, juvenile Coho, evaluation of habitat quality and Coho production, Field Assessment, location of potential migration barriers, potential sites for restoration work, morphology, rank of restoration efforts, riparian corridor, and core area. Title: Limiting Factors Assessment and Restoration Plan: Olalla Creek Tributary of the Yaquina Estuary Abstract -- This document provides watershed restoration actions proposed to enhance the Coho Salmon population within the Olalla Creek subbasin in Lincoln County, Oregon. The report contains information on the physical setting, current status of Coho, resources used in developing the plan, general questions that guided the assessment, pre-survey mapping/location of habitat subdivisions, secondary branch habitats, critical contributing areas, lowland area, summer and winter habitat assessment, lake habitat, location of other resources, juvenile Coho, evaluation of habitat quality and Coho production, Field Assessment, location of potential migration barriers, potential sites for restoration work, morphology, rank of restoration efforts, riparian corridor, and core area. Close

• 5. [Article] Limiting Factors Assessment and Restoration Plan: Rock Creek Tributary to Devil's Lake Lincoln County

  Abstract -- This document provides watershed restoration actions proposed to enhance the Coho Salmon population within the Rock Creek / Devils Lake basin in Lincoln County, Oregon. The report contains ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Limiting Factors Assessment and Restoration Plan: Rock Creek Tributary to Devil's Lake Lincoln County Abstract -- This document provides watershed restoration actions proposed to enhance the Coho Salmon population within the Rock Creek / Devils Lake basin in Lincoln County, Oregon. The report contains information on the physical setting, current status of Coho, resources used in developing the plan, general questions that guided the assessment, pre-survey mapping/location of habitat subdivisons, secondary branch habitats, critical contributing areas, lowland area, summer and winter habitat assessment, lake habitat, location of other resources, juvenile Coho, evaluation of habitat quality and Coho production, Field Assessment, location of potential migration barriers, potential sites for restoration work, morphology, rank of restoration efforts, riparian corridor, and core area. Title: Limiting Factors Assessment and Restoration Plan: Rock Creek Tributary to Devil's Lake Lincoln County Abstract -- This document provides watershed restoration actions proposed to enhance the Coho Salmon population within the Rock Creek / Devils Lake basin in Lincoln County, Oregon. The report contains information on the physical setting, current status of Coho, resources used in developing the plan, general questions that guided the assessment, pre-survey mapping/location of habitat subdivisons, secondary branch habitats, critical contributing areas, lowland area, summer and winter habitat assessment, lake habitat, location of other resources, juvenile Coho, evaluation of habitat quality and Coho production, Field Assessment, location of potential migration barriers, potential sites for restoration work, morphology, rank of restoration efforts, riparian corridor, and core area. Close

• 6. [Article] Limiting Factors Assessment and Restoration Plan NF Beaver Creek Tributary Beaver Cr at Ona Beach

  Abstract -- This document provides watershed restoration actions proposed to enhance the Coho Salmon population within North Fork Beaver Creek in Lincoln County, Oregon. Topics include physical setting, ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Limiting Factors Assessment and Restoration Plan NF Beaver Creek Tributary Beaver Cr at Ona Beach Abstract -- This document provides watershed restoration actions proposed to enhance the Coho Salmon population within North Fork Beaver Creek in Lincoln County, Oregon. Topics include physical setting, current status of Coho, resources used in developing the plan, general questions that guide the assessment, pre-survey mapping/location of habitat subdivisions, anchor habitats, secondary branch habitats, critical contributing areas, summer and winter habitat potential, estuarine and freshwater marsh habitat, juvenile Coho, field assessment, evaluation of habitat quality and Coho production, locate migration barriers, and potential sites for restoration work. Additional topics included are a list and rank of the factors currently limiting Coho production, a rank of the list of restoration efforts, an explanation of how the modifications will interact and increase production, assessment questionnaire including morphology and core area discussion and secondary branch sites, critical contributing areas, and lowlands outside the 6th field subbasin. Title: Limiting Factors Assessment and Restoration Plan NF Beaver Creek Tributary Beaver Cr at Ona Beach Abstract -- This document provides watershed restoration actions proposed to enhance the Coho Salmon population within North Fork Beaver Creek in Lincoln County, Oregon. Topics include physical setting, current status of Coho, resources used in developing the plan, general questions that guide the assessment, pre-survey mapping/location of habitat subdivisions, anchor habitats, secondary branch habitats, critical contributing areas, summer and winter habitat potential, estuarine and freshwater marsh habitat, juvenile Coho, field assessment, evaluation of habitat quality and Coho production, locate migration barriers, and potential sites for restoration work. Additional topics included are a list and rank of the factors currently limiting Coho production, a rank of the list of restoration efforts, an explanation of how the modifications will interact and increase production, assessment questionnaire including morphology and core area discussion and secondary branch sites, critical contributing areas, and lowlands outside the 6th field subbasin. Close

• 7. [Article] Lamprey

  Abstract -- The majority of scientific studies on lamprey have investigated biological attributes, with few studies investigating historic abundance, detailed distribution and specific ecological requirements ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Lamprey Abstract -- The majority of scientific studies on lamprey have investigated biological attributes, with few studies investigating historic abundance, detailed distribution and specific ecological requirements and role. Because of the paucity of information and concerns of declining lamprey population in the Pacific Northwest, the Applegate River Watershed Council (ARWC) with the Medford District of the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) collaborated to study lamprey populations in the Applegate River watershed of southwest Oregon (Close et al. 1995, Larson & Belchik 1998, Kostow 2002). The objectives of the study included: (1) Identifying species composition; (2) determining the distribution of lamprey species; and (3) relating the distribution of lamprey ammocoetes (juveniles or larvae) to physical stream characteristics. This paper summarizes the life histories of the two most common lamprey species in the Oregon, the Pacific (Lampetra tridentata) and Western Brook (Lampetra richardsoni), details the methods of study, reports the results and summarizes the findings. Also included are recommendations and suggestions for future lamprey work in the Applegate basin. Title: Lamprey Abstract -- The majority of scientific studies on lamprey have investigated biological attributes, with few studies investigating historic abundance, detailed distribution and specific ecological requirements and role. Because of the paucity of information and concerns of declining lamprey population in the Pacific Northwest, the Applegate River Watershed Council (ARWC) with the Medford District of the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) collaborated to study lamprey populations in the Applegate River watershed of southwest Oregon (Close et al. 1995, Larson & Belchik 1998, Kostow 2002). The objectives of the study included: (1) Identifying species composition; (2) determining the distribution of lamprey species; and (3) relating the distribution of lamprey ammocoetes (juveniles or larvae) to physical stream characteristics. This paper summarizes the life histories of the two most common lamprey species in the Oregon, the Pacific (Lampetra tridentata) and Western Brook (Lampetra richardsoni), details the methods of study, reports the results and summarizes the findings. Also included are recommendations and suggestions for future lamprey work in the Applegate basin. Close

• 8. [Article] Yaquina and Alsea River Basins Estuarine Wetland Site Prioritization Project Final Report

  Abstract -- The project surveyed estuarine wetland sites in the Alsea and Yaquina basins. Sites surveyed were tidal wetlands falling within Jefferson’s (1975) plant community categories of low silt marsh, ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Yaquina and Alsea River Basins Estuarine Wetland Site Prioritization Project Final Report Abstract -- The project surveyed estuarine wetland sites in the Alsea and Yaquina basins. Sites surveyed were tidal wetlands falling within Jefferson’s (1975) plant community categories of low silt marsh, low sand marsh, sedge marsh, immature high marsh, and mature high marsh. (Mud flats, algal flats and eelgrass beds were not included.) The goal was to prioritize these tidal wetland sites for protection and restoration activity. The information provided by this study provides a basis for working with interested landowners to develop site-specific action plans. Development of these action plans will require landowner contact, field work, and other steps outlined elsewhere in this report. Title: Yaquina and Alsea River Basins Estuarine Wetland Site Prioritization Project Final Report Abstract -- The project surveyed estuarine wetland sites in the Alsea and Yaquina basins. Sites surveyed were tidal wetlands falling within Jefferson’s (1975) plant community categories of low silt marsh, low sand marsh, sedge marsh, immature high marsh, and mature high marsh. (Mud flats, algal flats and eelgrass beds were not included.) The goal was to prioritize these tidal wetland sites for protection and restoration activity. The information provided by this study provides a basis for working with interested landowners to develop site-specific action plans. Development of these action plans will require landowner contact, field work, and other steps outlined elsewhere in this report. Close

• 9. [Article] Thomas Creek Mainstem Assessment Completion Report

  Abstract -- This project expands upon a year 2000 project (OWEB 99-543) that was designed to examine riparian and water quality impacts on aquatic invertebrate assemblages and fish diet in Thomas Creek. ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Thomas Creek Mainstem Assessment Completion Report Abstract -- This project expands upon a year 2000 project (OWEB 99-543) that was designed to examine riparian and water quality impacts on aquatic invertebrate assemblages and fish diet in Thomas Creek. The initial project design was to sample water quality, fish, and invertebrates at nine sites along 30 river kilometers (R kms) of the stream; three in conifer dominated, three in mixed forest, and three in hardwood dominated riparian forest. Preliminary results suggested water quality conditions were similar throughout the 30 R kms and riparian vegetation composition was not associated with fish diet or invertebrate assemblage composition. Longitudinal patterns were weak and appeared to be driven by three upstream sites. Therefore we proposed to expand the survey area to include the entire stream open to anadromous fish migration (51 R kms). The fish diet portion of the project was discontinued because we were denied a sampling permit for ESA listed salmonids during 2001. Instead, we focused on broad-scale fish distribution and habitat use. Additionally, we compared patterns for fish with invertebrates. The extent of fish, invertebrate, and water quality sampling locations increased to include all 51 R kms downstream of the waterfall. An extensive fish survey to examine fish distribution included 218 survey locations throughout the 51 R kms. Intensive snorkel surveys to examine fine-scale, habitat use by salmonids included four sample locations in the upstream 14 R kms. Invertebrate samples were collected from three habitat types at 27 sites to examine distribution and habitat use along the 51 R kms Title: Thomas Creek Mainstem Assessment Completion Report Abstract -- This project expands upon a year 2000 project (OWEB 99-543) that was designed to examine riparian and water quality impacts on aquatic invertebrate assemblages and fish diet in Thomas Creek. The initial project design was to sample water quality, fish, and invertebrates at nine sites along 30 river kilometers (R kms) of the stream; three in conifer dominated, three in mixed forest, and three in hardwood dominated riparian forest. Preliminary results suggested water quality conditions were similar throughout the 30 R kms and riparian vegetation composition was not associated with fish diet or invertebrate assemblage composition. Longitudinal patterns were weak and appeared to be driven by three upstream sites. Therefore we proposed to expand the survey area to include the entire stream open to anadromous fish migration (51 R kms). The fish diet portion of the project was discontinued because we were denied a sampling permit for ESA listed salmonids during 2001. Instead, we focused on broad-scale fish distribution and habitat use. Additionally, we compared patterns for fish with invertebrates. The extent of fish, invertebrate, and water quality sampling locations increased to include all 51 R kms downstream of the waterfall. An extensive fish survey to examine fish distribution included 218 survey locations throughout the 51 R kms. Intensive snorkel surveys to examine fine-scale, habitat use by salmonids included four sample locations in the upstream 14 R kms. Invertebrate samples were collected from three habitat types at 27 sites to examine distribution and habitat use along the 51 R kms Close

• 10. [Article] MidCoast A - Rapid Bio-assessment 1998 Midcoast

  Abstract -- Snorkel surveys were conducted in five midcoast watersheds that included the Yachats, Alsea, Yaquina, Siletz, and Salmon Rivers. These surveys were commissioned by the Midcoast Watershed Council, ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: MidCoast A - Rapid Bio-assessment 1998 Midcoast Abstract -- Snorkel surveys were conducted in five midcoast watersheds that included the Yachats, Alsea, Yaquina, Siletz, and Salmon Rivers. These surveys were commissioned by the Midcoast Watershed Council, using funds granted by GWEB. The intent of these surveys was to begin to develop a base line for monitoring trends in the distribution and abundance of juvenile Coho, Steelhead and Cutthroat in Midcoast watersheds. Adult Coho escapement for many of these basins has hovered near all time low levels for multiple brood cycles. These surveys intend to identify the core areas within these basins that, at low spawner densities, provide suitable spawning habitats. They also intend to identify areas important for juvenile salmonid rearing such that restoration activities can focus on recovering reaches that adult salmonids are returning to. Title: MidCoast A - Rapid Bio-assessment 1998 Midcoast Abstract -- Snorkel surveys were conducted in five midcoast watersheds that included the Yachats, Alsea, Yaquina, Siletz, and Salmon Rivers. These surveys were commissioned by the Midcoast Watershed Council, using funds granted by GWEB. The intent of these surveys was to begin to develop a base line for monitoring trends in the distribution and abundance of juvenile Coho, Steelhead and Cutthroat in Midcoast watersheds. Adult Coho escapement for many of these basins has hovered near all time low levels for multiple brood cycles. These surveys intend to identify the core areas within these basins that, at low spawner densities, provide suitable spawning habitats. They also intend to identify areas important for juvenile salmonid rearing such that restoration activities can focus on recovering reaches that adult salmonids are returning to. Close

• 11. [Article] Limiting Factors Assessment and Restoration Plan for Steer Creek Tributary of Rock Cr Siletz

  Abstract -- This document provides watershed restoration actions proposed to enhance the Coho Salmon population within the Steer Cr. 6th field in Lincoln County, Oregon. This stream is a 4th order contributor ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Limiting Factors Assessment and Restoration Plan for Steer Creek Tributary of Rock Cr Siletz Abstract -- This document provides watershed restoration actions proposed to enhance the Coho Salmon population within the Steer Cr. 6th field in Lincoln County, Oregon. This stream is a 4th order contributor to Rock Creek, which joins the Siletz River near Logsden, Oregon. The stream has been prioritized for restoration by the Midcoast Watershed Council because it appears to provide the best remaining spawning and rearing potential within the Rock Cr. basin. The report contains information on the physical setting, current status of Coho, resources used in developing the plan, general questions that guided the assessment, pre-survey mapping/location of habitat subdivisions, secondary branch habitats, critical contributing areas, lowland area, summer and winter habitat assessment, lake habitat, location of other resources, juvenile Coho, evaluation of habitat quality and Coho production, Field Assessment, location of potential migration barriers, potential sites for restoration work, morphology, rank of restoration efforts, riparian corridor, and core area. Title: Limiting Factors Assessment and Restoration Plan for Steer Creek Tributary of Rock Cr Siletz Abstract -- This document provides watershed restoration actions proposed to enhance the Coho Salmon population within the Steer Cr. 6th field in Lincoln County, Oregon. This stream is a 4th order contributor to Rock Creek, which joins the Siletz River near Logsden, Oregon. The stream has been prioritized for restoration by the Midcoast Watershed Council because it appears to provide the best remaining spawning and rearing potential within the Rock Cr. basin. The report contains information on the physical setting, current status of Coho, resources used in developing the plan, general questions that guided the assessment, pre-survey mapping/location of habitat subdivisions, secondary branch habitats, critical contributing areas, lowland area, summer and winter habitat assessment, lake habitat, location of other resources, juvenile Coho, evaluation of habitat quality and Coho production, Field Assessment, location of potential migration barriers, potential sites for restoration work, morphology, rank of restoration efforts, riparian corridor, and core area. Close

• 12. [Article] Calapooya Creek Watershed Assessment and Action Plan

  Abstract -- This report contains: the purpose and development of the watershed assessment, watershed description, land use, ownership, and population, past conditions from pre-settlement to current, history ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Calapooya Creek Watershed Assessment and Action Plan Abstract -- This report contains: the purpose and development of the watershed assessment, watershed description, land use, ownership, and population, past conditions from pre-settlement to current, history of the Calapooya Creek Watershed, and historical references. Current conditions include: Stream function, riparian zones and wetlands, water quality/quantity, fish populations, current trends and potential future conditions overview, stakeholder/landowner perspectives, and landowner interviews. The action plan includes: Property ownership and restoration potential, Calapooya Creek Watershed key findings and action recommendations, and specific UBWC enhancement opportunities. Title: Calapooya Creek Watershed Assessment and Action Plan Abstract -- This report contains: the purpose and development of the watershed assessment, watershed description, land use, ownership, and population, past conditions from pre-settlement to current, history of the Calapooya Creek Watershed, and historical references. Current conditions include: Stream function, riparian zones and wetlands, water quality/quantity, fish populations, current trends and potential future conditions overview, stakeholder/landowner perspectives, and landowner interviews. The action plan includes: Property ownership and restoration potential, Calapooya Creek Watershed key findings and action recommendations, and specific UBWC enhancement opportunities. Close

• 13. [Article] Lower North Umpqua Watershed Assessment and Action Plan

  Abstract -- This report contains: the purpose and development of the watershed assessment, watershed description, land use, ownership, and population, past conditions from pre-settlement to current, history ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Lower North Umpqua Watershed Assessment and Action Plan Abstract -- This report contains: the purpose and development of the watershed assessment, watershed description, land use, ownership, and population, past conditions from pre-settlement to current, history of the Lower North Umpqua Watershed, and historical references. Current conditions include: Stream function, riparian zones and wetlands, water quality/quantity, fish populations, current trends and potential future conditions overview, stakeholder/landowner perspectives, and landowner interviews. The action plan includes: Property ownership and restoration potential, Lower North Umpqua Watershed key findings and action recommendations, and specific UBWC enhancement opportunities. Title: Lower North Umpqua Watershed Assessment and Action Plan Abstract -- This report contains: the purpose and development of the watershed assessment, watershed description, land use, ownership, and population, past conditions from pre-settlement to current, history of the Lower North Umpqua Watershed, and historical references. Current conditions include: Stream function, riparian zones and wetlands, water quality/quantity, fish populations, current trends and potential future conditions overview, stakeholder/landowner perspectives, and landowner interviews. The action plan includes: Property ownership and restoration potential, Lower North Umpqua Watershed key findings and action recommendations, and specific UBWC enhancement opportunities. Close

• 14. [Article] Lower South Umpqua Watershed Assessment and Action Plan

  Abstract -- This report contains: the purpose and development of the watershed assessment, watershed description, land use, ownership, and population, past conditions from pre-settlement to current, history ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Lower South Umpqua Watershed Assessment and Action Plan Abstract -- This report contains: the purpose and development of the watershed assessment, watershed description, land use, ownership, and population, past conditions from pre-settlement to current, history of the Lower South Umpqua Watershed, and historical references. Current conditions include: Stream function, riparian zones and wetlands, water quality/quantity, fish populations, current trends and potential future conditions overview, stakeholder/landowner perspectives, and landowner interviews. The action plan includes: Property ownership and restoration potential, Lower South Umpqua Watershed key findings and action recommendations, and specific UBWC enhancement opportunities. Title: Lower South Umpqua Watershed Assessment and Action Plan Abstract -- This report contains: the purpose and development of the watershed assessment, watershed description, land use, ownership, and population, past conditions from pre-settlement to current, history of the Lower South Umpqua Watershed, and historical references. Current conditions include: Stream function, riparian zones and wetlands, water quality/quantity, fish populations, current trends and potential future conditions overview, stakeholder/landowner perspectives, and landowner interviews. The action plan includes: Property ownership and restoration potential, Lower South Umpqua Watershed key findings and action recommendations, and specific UBWC enhancement opportunities. Close

• 15. [Article] Middle South Umpqua Watershed Assessment and Action Plan

  Abstract -- This report contains: the purpose and development of the watershed assessment, watershed description, land use, ownership, and population, past conditions from pre-settlement to current, history ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Middle South Umpqua Watershed Assessment and Action Plan Abstract -- This report contains: the purpose and development of the watershed assessment, watershed description, land use, ownership, and population, past conditions from pre-settlement to current, history of the Middle South Umpqua Watershed, and historical references. Current conditions include: Stream function, riparian zones and wetlands, water quality/quantity, fish populations, current trends and potential future conditions overview, stakeholder/landowner perspectives, and landowner interviews. The action plan includes: Property ownership and restoration potential, Middle South Umpqua Watershed key findings and action recommendations, and specific UBWC enhancement opportunities. Title: Middle South Umpqua Watershed Assessment and Action Plan Abstract -- This report contains: the purpose and development of the watershed assessment, watershed description, land use, ownership, and population, past conditions from pre-settlement to current, history of the Middle South Umpqua Watershed, and historical references. Current conditions include: Stream function, riparian zones and wetlands, water quality/quantity, fish populations, current trends and potential future conditions overview, stakeholder/landowner perspectives, and landowner interviews. The action plan includes: Property ownership and restoration potential, Middle South Umpqua Watershed key findings and action recommendations, and specific UBWC enhancement opportunities. Close

• 16. [Article] Myrtle Creek Watershed Assessment and Action Plan

  Abstract -- This report contains: the purpose and development of the watershed assessment, watershed description, land use, ownership, and population, past conditions from pre-settlement to current, history ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Myrtle Creek Watershed Assessment and Action Plan Abstract -- This report contains: the purpose and development of the watershed assessment, watershed description, land use, ownership, and population, past conditions from pre-settlement to current, history of the Myrtle Creek Watershed, and historical references. Current conditions include: Stream function, riparian zones and wetlands, water quality/quantity, fish populations, current trends and potential future conditions overview, stakeholder/landowner perspectives, and landowner interviews. The action plan includes: Property ownership and restoration potential, Myrtle Creek Watershed key findings and action recommendations, and specific UBWC enhancement opportunities. Title: Myrtle Creek Watershed Assessment and Action Plan Abstract -- This report contains: the purpose and development of the watershed assessment, watershed description, land use, ownership, and population, past conditions from pre-settlement to current, history of the Myrtle Creek Watershed, and historical references. Current conditions include: Stream function, riparian zones and wetlands, water quality/quantity, fish populations, current trends and potential future conditions overview, stakeholder/landowner perspectives, and landowner interviews. The action plan includes: Property ownership and restoration potential, Myrtle Creek Watershed key findings and action recommendations, and specific UBWC enhancement opportunities. Close

• 17. [Article] Lower Cow Creek Watershed Assessment and Action Plan

  Abstract -- This report contains: the purpose and development of the watershed assessment, watershed description, land use, ownership, and population, past conditions from pre-settlement to current, history ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Lower Cow Creek Watershed Assessment and Action Plan Abstract -- This report contains: the purpose and development of the watershed assessment, watershed description, land use, ownership, and population, past conditions from pre-settlement to current, history of the Lower Cow Creek Watershed, and historical references. Current conditions include: Stream function, riparian zones and wetlands, water quality/quantity, fish populations, current trends and potential future conditions overview, stakeholder/landowner perspectives, and landowner interviews. The action plan includes: Property ownership and restoration potential, Lower Cow Creek Watershed key findings and action recommendations, and specific UBWC enhancement opportunities. Title: Lower Cow Creek Watershed Assessment and Action Plan Abstract -- This report contains: the purpose and development of the watershed assessment, watershed description, land use, ownership, and population, past conditions from pre-settlement to current, history of the Lower Cow Creek Watershed, and historical references. Current conditions include: Stream function, riparian zones and wetlands, water quality/quantity, fish populations, current trends and potential future conditions overview, stakeholder/landowner perspectives, and landowner interviews. The action plan includes: Property ownership and restoration potential, Lower Cow Creek Watershed key findings and action recommendations, and specific UBWC enhancement opportunities. Close

• 18. [Article] West Fork Cow Creek Watershed Assessment and Action Plan

  Abstract -- This report contains: the purpose and development of the watershed assessment, watershed description, land use, ownership, and population, past conditions from pre-settlement to current, history ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: West Fork Cow Creek Watershed Assessment and Action Plan Abstract -- This report contains: the purpose and development of the watershed assessment, watershed description, land use, ownership, and population, past conditions from pre-settlement to current, history of the West Fork Cow Creek Watershed, and historical references. Current conditions include: Stream function, riparian zones and wetlands, water quality/quantity, fish populations, current trends and potential future conditions overview, stakeholder/landowner perspectives, and landowner interviews. The action plan includes: Property ownership and restoration potential, West Fork Cow Creek Watershed key findings and action recommendations, and specific UBWC enhancement opportunities. Title: West Fork Cow Creek Watershed Assessment and Action Plan Abstract -- This report contains: the purpose and development of the watershed assessment, watershed description, land use, ownership, and population, past conditions from pre-settlement to current, history of the West Fork Cow Creek Watershed, and historical references. Current conditions include: Stream function, riparian zones and wetlands, water quality/quantity, fish populations, current trends and potential future conditions overview, stakeholder/landowner perspectives, and landowner interviews. The action plan includes: Property ownership and restoration potential, West Fork Cow Creek Watershed key findings and action recommendations, and specific UBWC enhancement opportunities. Close

• 19. [Article] Upper Cow Creek Watershed Assessment and Action Plan

  Abstract -- This report contains: the purpose and development of the watershed assessment, watershed description, land use, ownership, and population, past conditions from pre-settlement to current, history ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Upper Cow Creek Watershed Assessment and Action Plan Abstract -- This report contains: the purpose and development of the watershed assessment, watershed description, land use, ownership, and population, past conditions from pre-settlement to current, history of the Upper Cow Creek Watershed, and historical references. Current conditions include: Stream function, riparian zones and wetlands, water quality/quantity, fish populations, current trends and potential future conditions overview, stakeholder/landowner perspectives, and landowner interviews. The action plan includes: Property ownership and restoration potential, Upper Cow Creek Watershed key findings and action recommendations, and specific UBWC enhancement opportunities. Title: Upper Cow Creek Watershed Assessment and Action Plan Abstract -- This report contains: the purpose and development of the watershed assessment, watershed description, land use, ownership, and population, past conditions from pre-settlement to current, history of the Upper Cow Creek Watershed, and historical references. Current conditions include: Stream function, riparian zones and wetlands, water quality/quantity, fish populations, current trends and potential future conditions overview, stakeholder/landowner perspectives, and landowner interviews. The action plan includes: Property ownership and restoration potential, Upper Cow Creek Watershed key findings and action recommendations, and specific UBWC enhancement opportunities. Close

• 20. [Article] South Umpqua River Watershed Assessment and Action Plan

  Abstract -- This report contains: the purpose and development of the watershed assessment, watershed description, land use, ownership, and population, past conditions from pre-settlement to current, history ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: South Umpqua River Watershed Assessment and Action Plan Abstract -- This report contains: the purpose and development of the watershed assessment, watershed description, land use, ownership, and population, past conditions from pre-settlement to current, history of the South Umpqua River Watershed, and historical references. Current conditions include: Stream function, riparian zones and wetlands, water quality/quantity, fish populations, current trends and potential future conditions overview, stakeholder/landowner perspectives, and landowner interviews. The action plan includes: Property ownership and restoration potential, South Umpqua River Watershed key findings and action recommendations, and specific UBWC enhancement opportunities. Title: South Umpqua River Watershed Assessment and Action Plan Abstract -- This report contains: the purpose and development of the watershed assessment, watershed description, land use, ownership, and population, past conditions from pre-settlement to current, history of the South Umpqua River Watershed, and historical references. Current conditions include: Stream function, riparian zones and wetlands, water quality/quantity, fish populations, current trends and potential future conditions overview, stakeholder/landowner perspectives, and landowner interviews. The action plan includes: Property ownership and restoration potential, South Umpqua River Watershed key findings and action recommendations, and specific UBWC enhancement opportunities. Close

• 21. [Article] Tiller Region Assessment and Action Plan

  Abstract -- This report contains: the purpose and development of the assessment, Tiller region description, land use, ownership, and population, past conditions from pre-settlement to current, history ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Tiller Region Assessment and Action Plan Abstract -- This report contains: the purpose and development of the assessment, Tiller region description, land use, ownership, and population, past conditions from pre-settlement to current, history of the Tiller Region, and historical references. Current conditions include: Stream function, riparian zones and wetlands, water quality/quantity, fish populations, current trends and potential future conditions overview, and stakeholder perspectives. The action plan includes: Property ownership and restoration potential, Tiller Region key findings and action recommendations, and specific UBWC enhancement opportunities. Title: Tiller Region Assessment and Action Plan Abstract -- This report contains: the purpose and development of the assessment, Tiller region description, land use, ownership, and population, past conditions from pre-settlement to current, history of the Tiller Region, and historical references. Current conditions include: Stream function, riparian zones and wetlands, water quality/quantity, fish populations, current trends and potential future conditions overview, and stakeholder perspectives. The action plan includes: Property ownership and restoration potential, Tiller Region key findings and action recommendations, and specific UBWC enhancement opportunities. Close

• 22. [Article] Phillips Creek Watershed Assessment

  Abstract -- Watershed Assessments for the Grande Ronde River Subwatersheds are being prepared for the Grande Ronde Model Watershed Program. This Watershed Assessment addresses the Phillips Creek Watershed ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Phillips Creek Watershed Assessment Abstract -- Watershed Assessments for the Grande Ronde River Subwatersheds are being prepared for the Grande Ronde Model Watershed Program. This Watershed Assessment addresses the Phillips Creek Watershed located near Elgin, Oregon. Phillips Creek is a relatively small watershed (4th order HUC – Hydrologic Unit Classification) containing about 33 square miles or slightly over 24,000 acres. Phillips Creek empties into the Grande Ronde River in Elgin. It is an intermittent stream in some reaches, but water flows year around in other reaches. In this Assessment the main emphasis is on the nonfederal lands. The USDA Forest Service – Umatilla National Forest recently completed a watershed assessment on the National Forest area that includes Phillips, Cabin, Gordon and Dry Creeks. For more complete information on watershed condition on federal lands, please refer to the Umatilla National Forest’s Phillips-Gordon Ecosystem Analysis (PGEA). This assessment will describe the Phillips Creek watershed and help to identify the stream processes and features that are working well, and those that are not. Information that is already available from state and federal agencies as well as from private sources (including people that live in the area) will be used. Several public meetings were held to obtain information and insights from people that live in the area. The assessment will identify human’s positive and negative influences to the immediate stream environment. The assessment should provide enough information to develop project plans and monitoring plans that will help to protect and improve water quality and fish habitat in Phillips Creek and its tributaries. This assessment includes a description of Phillips Creek Watershed, historical conditions assessment, channel habitat type classification, hydrology and water use, riparian assessment, wetlands assessment, sediment sources assessment, channel modification assessment, water quality assessment, water rights assessment, fish and fish habitat assessment, upland conditions assessment – Forest, upland conditions assessment – Range, developed area assessment, noxious weeds assessment, and a watershed condition evaluation. Title: Phillips Creek Watershed Assessment Abstract -- Watershed Assessments for the Grande Ronde River Subwatersheds are being prepared for the Grande Ronde Model Watershed Program. This Watershed Assessment addresses the Phillips Creek Watershed located near Elgin, Oregon. Phillips Creek is a relatively small watershed (4th order HUC – Hydrologic Unit Classification) containing about 33 square miles or slightly over 24,000 acres. Phillips Creek empties into the Grande Ronde River in Elgin. It is an intermittent stream in some reaches, but water flows year around in other reaches. In this Assessment the main emphasis is on the nonfederal lands. The USDA Forest Service – Umatilla National Forest recently completed a watershed assessment on the National Forest area that includes Phillips, Cabin, Gordon and Dry Creeks. For more complete information on watershed condition on federal lands, please refer to the Umatilla National Forest’s Phillips-Gordon Ecosystem Analysis (PGEA). This assessment will describe the Phillips Creek watershed and help to identify the stream processes and features that are working well, and those that are not. Information that is already available from state and federal agencies as well as from private sources (including people that live in the area) will be used. Several public meetings were held to obtain information and insights from people that live in the area. The assessment will identify human’s positive and negative influences to the immediate stream environment. The assessment should provide enough information to develop project plans and monitoring plans that will help to protect and improve water quality and fish habitat in Phillips Creek and its tributaries. This assessment includes a description of Phillips Creek Watershed, historical conditions assessment, channel habitat type classification, hydrology and water use, riparian assessment, wetlands assessment, sediment sources assessment, channel modification assessment, water quality assessment, water rights assessment, fish and fish habitat assessment, upland conditions assessment – Forest, upland conditions assessment – Range, developed area assessment, noxious weeds assessment, and a watershed condition evaluation. Close

• 23. [Article] Calapooia River Watershed Assessment

  Abstract -- The Calapooia River Watershed Assessment characterizes past and current watershed conditions and evaluates opportunities for improvements in the watershed, particularly for fish habitat and ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Calapooia River Watershed Assessment Abstract -- The Calapooia River Watershed Assessment characterizes past and current watershed conditions and evaluates opportunities for improvements in the watershed, particularly for fish habitat and water quality. The assessment will aid the Calapooia Watershed Council (Council) in identifying opportunities and priorities across all land uses for voluntary watershed restoration projects and education. The assessment includes information on historical conditions, social, economic, and land use conditions, vegetation, wetlands, stream flow and water use, fish population and aquatic habitat, water quality, key wildlife habitats and populations, and recommendations for Restoration and Protection. Title: Calapooia River Watershed Assessment Abstract -- The Calapooia River Watershed Assessment characterizes past and current watershed conditions and evaluates opportunities for improvements in the watershed, particularly for fish habitat and water quality. The assessment will aid the Calapooia Watershed Council (Council) in identifying opportunities and priorities across all land uses for voluntary watershed restoration projects and education. The assessment includes information on historical conditions, social, economic, and land use conditions, vegetation, wetlands, stream flow and water use, fish population and aquatic habitat, water quality, key wildlife habitats and populations, and recommendations for Restoration and Protection. Close

• 24. [Article] ODFW Rogue Adult Fish Presence Survey Final Report

  Abstract -- The report contains field season information for 2001-2003. The specific objectives of this project are 1) to determine the upper limits of fish distribution in previously unsurveyed streams ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: ODFW Rogue Adult Fish Presence Survey Final Report Abstract -- The report contains field season information for 2001-2003. The specific objectives of this project are 1) to determine the upper limits of fish distribution in previously unsurveyed streams in the Rogue Basin and 2) to locate and describe artificial barriers to fish passage. The report contains methods, results, discussion, and summary tables. Title: ODFW Rogue Adult Fish Presence Survey Final Report Abstract -- The report contains field season information for 2001-2003. The specific objectives of this project are 1) to determine the upper limits of fish distribution in previously unsurveyed streams in the Rogue Basin and 2) to locate and describe artificial barriers to fish passage. The report contains methods, results, discussion, and summary tables. Close

• 25. [Article] Restoration of Historic Coyote Creek, Surveys for Amphibians and Reptiles with Observations of Mollusks

  Abstract -- The report contains an introduction, table on herpetofauna observed and potential, table on mollusks Fauna observed and potential, results by species: amphibians, reptiles, and mollusks, conclusions, ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Restoration of Historic Coyote Creek, Surveys for Amphibians and Reptiles with Observations of Mollusks Abstract -- The report contains an introduction, table on herpetofauna observed and potential, table on mollusks Fauna observed and potential, results by species: amphibians, reptiles, and mollusks, conclusions, and maps. Title: Restoration of Historic Coyote Creek, Surveys for Amphibians and Reptiles with Observations of Mollusks Abstract -- The report contains an introduction, table on herpetofauna observed and potential, table on mollusks Fauna observed and potential, results by species: amphibians, reptiles, and mollusks, conclusions, and maps. Close

• 26. [Article] Pedee Creek Watershed Assessment, Project #201-168

  Abstract -- In August and September of 2001, ODFW staff were contracted to conduct stream habitat and aquatic inventory surveys on Pedee Creek from its confluence with the Luckiamute River upstream to ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Pedee Creek Watershed Assessment, Project #201-168 Abstract -- In August and September of 2001, ODFW staff were contracted to conduct stream habitat and aquatic inventory surveys on Pedee Creek from its confluence with the Luckiamute River upstream to include both north and south forks up to natural barriers. This report includes those reports. Title: Pedee Creek Watershed Assessment, Project #201-168 Abstract -- In August and September of 2001, ODFW staff were contracted to conduct stream habitat and aquatic inventory surveys on Pedee Creek from its confluence with the Luckiamute River upstream to include both north and south forks up to natural barriers. This report includes those reports. Close

• 27. [Article] 2002 Lower Nehelam Habitat Assessment Project

  Abstract -- ODFW's Aquatic Inventory protocol was used in 2003 to assess habitat in selected streams (40km total) in the Nehalem basin. Snorkel surveys were also conducted to estimate juvenile salmonid ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: 2002 Lower Nehelam Habitat Assessment Project Abstract -- ODFW's Aquatic Inventory protocol was used in 2003 to assess habitat in selected streams (40km total) in the Nehalem basin. Snorkel surveys were also conducted to estimate juvenile salmonid abundance in these streams. This report identifies locations in the survey area where large wood placements would enhance fish habitat. Existing wood placements were evaluated for effectiveness. Title: 2002 Lower Nehelam Habitat Assessment Project Abstract -- ODFW's Aquatic Inventory protocol was used in 2003 to assess habitat in selected streams (40km total) in the Nehalem basin. Snorkel surveys were also conducted to estimate juvenile salmonid abundance in these streams. This report identifies locations in the survey area where large wood placements would enhance fish habitat. Existing wood placements were evaluated for effectiveness. Close

• 28. [Article] Necanicum Habitat Assessment Project: Juvenile Coho Winter Habitat Priorities for Large Wood Placement and Fish Passage Barriers

  Abstract -- ODFW Aquatic Inventory protocol was used to assess habitat in selected streams (57 km total) in the Necanicum River basin. Snorkel surveys were conducted to assess juvenile salmonid distribution ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Necanicum Habitat Assessment Project: Juvenile Coho Winter Habitat Priorities for Large Wood Placement and Fish Passage Barriers Abstract -- ODFW Aquatic Inventory protocol was used to assess habitat in selected streams (57 km total) in the Necanicum River basin. Snorkel surveys were conducted to assess juvenile salmonid distribution and abundance in these streams. Non-natural fish passage barriers were located. Locations where large wood placements would enhance fish habitat were identified. Title: Necanicum Habitat Assessment Project: Juvenile Coho Winter Habitat Priorities for Large Wood Placement and Fish Passage Barriers Abstract -- ODFW Aquatic Inventory protocol was used to assess habitat in selected streams (57 km total) in the Necanicum River basin. Snorkel surveys were conducted to assess juvenile salmonid distribution and abundance in these streams. Non-natural fish passage barriers were located. Locations where large wood placements would enhance fish habitat were identified. Close

• 29. [Article] Remote Sensing Survey of the Walla Walla River Basin, Thermal Infrared and Color Videography

  Abstract -- In August 2000, Oregon DEQ contracted with Watershed Sciences, LLC to use Forward Looking Infrared (FLIR) techniques to map and assess stream temperatures in portions of the Walla Walla River ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Remote Sensing Survey of the Walla Walla River Basin, Thermal Infrared and Color Videography Abstract -- In August 2000, Oregon DEQ contracted with Watershed Sciences, LLC to use Forward Looking Infrared (FLIR) techniques to map and assess stream temperatures in portions of the Walla Walla River basin. This report contains images and analysis of that effort. Title: Remote Sensing Survey of the Walla Walla River Basin, Thermal Infrared and Color Videography Abstract -- In August 2000, Oregon DEQ contracted with Watershed Sciences, LLC to use Forward Looking Infrared (FLIR) techniques to map and assess stream temperatures in portions of the Walla Walla River basin. This report contains images and analysis of that effort. Close

• 30. [Article] Forest Roads, Drainage, and Sediment Delivery in the Kilchis River Watershed

  Abstract -- This survey evaluated over 100 miles of forest roads in the Kilchis River watershed. 25% of this mileage clearly delivered sediment to streams, an additional 14% was given a "possible" delivery ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Forest Roads, Drainage, and Sediment Delivery in the Kilchis River Watershed Abstract -- This survey evaluated over 100 miles of forest roads in the Kilchis River watershed. 25% of this mileage clearly delivered sediment to streams, an additional 14% was given a "possible" delivery rating. Information on landslides and wash-outs after the 1995-96 storms is given. Recommendations are offered. Title: Forest Roads, Drainage, and Sediment Delivery in the Kilchis River Watershed Abstract -- This survey evaluated over 100 miles of forest roads in the Kilchis River watershed. 25% of this mileage clearly delivered sediment to streams, an additional 14% was given a "possible" delivery rating. Information on landslides and wash-outs after the 1995-96 storms is given. Recommendations are offered. Close

• 31. [Article] Work Completed for Compliance with the Biological Opinion for Hatchery Programs in the Willamette Basin USACE funding: 2004 Annual Report

  Abstract -- The National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) has listed spring chinook salmon(Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) and winter steelhead (O. mykiss) in the Upper Willamette River Evolutionarily Significant ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Work Completed for Compliance with the Biological Opinion for Hatchery Programs in the Willamette Basin USACE funding: 2004 Annual Report Abstract -- The National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) has listed spring chinook salmon(Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) and winter steelhead (O. mykiss) in the Upper Willamette River Evolutionarily Significant Unit (ESU) as threatened under the Endangered Species Act (ESA; 64 FRN 14308; 64 FRN 14517). Concomitant with this listing, any actions taken or funded by a federal agency must be evaluated to assess whether these actions are likely to jeopardize the continued existence of threatened and endangered species, or result in the destruction or impairment of critical habitat. Several fish hatcheries operate within the ESU and may impact wild populations of listed species. Although all of the artificial propagation programs that potentially affect listed salmonids in the Upper Willamette River ESUs are operated by the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife(ODFW), 90% of the funding for these operations comes from the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (COE). Possible risks of artificial propagation programs have been well documented. Hazards include disease transfer, competition for food and spawning sites, increased predation,increased incidental mortality from harvest, loss of genetic variability, genetic drift, and domestication (Steward and Bjornn 1990; Hard et al. 1992; Cuenco et al. 1993; Busack and Currens 1995; NRC 1996; and Waples 1999). Hatcheries can also play a positive role for wild salmonids by bolstering populations, especially those on the verge of extirpation, providing a genetic reserve in the case of extirpation, and providing opportunities for nutrient enrichment of streams (Steward and Bjornn 1990; Cuenco et al. 1993). The objective of this project is to evaluate the potential effects of hatchery programs on naturally spawning populations of spring chinook and winter steelhead within the Upper Willamette River ESU. The project employs four types of activities to achieve this goal: sampling of returns to hatcheries, creels to assess fisheries, monitoring of adult and juvenile migration through the use of traps and video observations, and monitoring natural production through spawning ground surveys. Title: Work Completed for Compliance with the Biological Opinion for Hatchery Programs in the Willamette Basin USACE funding: 2004 Annual Report Abstract -- The National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) has listed spring chinook salmon(Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) and winter steelhead (O. mykiss) in the Upper Willamette River Evolutionarily Significant Unit (ESU) as threatened under the Endangered Species Act (ESA; 64 FRN 14308; 64 FRN 14517). Concomitant with this listing, any actions taken or funded by a federal agency must be evaluated to assess whether these actions are likely to jeopardize the continued existence of threatened and endangered species, or result in the destruction or impairment of critical habitat. Several fish hatcheries operate within the ESU and may impact wild populations of listed species. Although all of the artificial propagation programs that potentially affect listed salmonids in the Upper Willamette River ESUs are operated by the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife(ODFW), 90% of the funding for these operations comes from the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (COE). Possible risks of artificial propagation programs have been well documented. Hazards include disease transfer, competition for food and spawning sites, increased predation,increased incidental mortality from harvest, loss of genetic variability, genetic drift, and domestication (Steward and Bjornn 1990; Hard et al. 1992; Cuenco et al. 1993; Busack and Currens 1995; NRC 1996; and Waples 1999). Hatcheries can also play a positive role for wild salmonids by bolstering populations, especially those on the verge of extirpation, providing a genetic reserve in the case of extirpation, and providing opportunities for nutrient enrichment of streams (Steward and Bjornn 1990; Cuenco et al. 1993). The objective of this project is to evaluate the potential effects of hatchery programs on naturally spawning populations of spring chinook and winter steelhead within the Upper Willamette River ESU. The project employs four types of activities to achieve this goal: sampling of returns to hatcheries, creels to assess fisheries, monitoring of adult and juvenile migration through the use of traps and video observations, and monitoring natural production through spawning ground surveys. Close

• 32. [Article] Jordan-Alder Creek (S. Umpqua) Watershed Assessment, 2006

  Abstract -- This assessment identifies current habitat limitations and recommends corrective actions, prioritized by potential benefit to salmonids, in the Jordan-Alder Creek subbasin of the South Umpqua ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Jordan-Alder Creek (S. Umpqua) Watershed Assessment, 2006 Abstract -- This assessment identifies current habitat limitations and recommends corrective actions, prioritized by potential benefit to salmonids, in the Jordan-Alder Creek subbasin of the South Umpqua River near Canyonville. Sections include introduction, past conditions, current conditions, current trends and potential future conditions, action plan, and references. Copious figures, tables, and maps. Appendices include stream habitat survey results and official letters. 123 pp. Title: Jordan-Alder Creek (S. Umpqua) Watershed Assessment, 2006 Abstract -- This assessment identifies current habitat limitations and recommends corrective actions, prioritized by potential benefit to salmonids, in the Jordan-Alder Creek subbasin of the South Umpqua River near Canyonville. Sections include introduction, past conditions, current conditions, current trends and potential future conditions, action plan, and references. Copious figures, tables, and maps. Appendices include stream habitat survey results and official letters. 123 pp. Close

• 33. [Article] 2004-2005 Hatchery Fish Carcass Placement in Oregon Streams

  Abstract -- The purpose of this document is to track the placement of salmon carcasses in streams. Fish carcass placement is commonly believed to replace some of the nutrients historically available to ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: 2004-2005 Hatchery Fish Carcass Placement in Oregon Streams Abstract -- The purpose of this document is to track the placement of salmon carcasses in streams. Fish carcass placement is commonly believed to replace some of the nutrients historically available to fish from decaying carcasses no longer present in large numbers. Nutrients provided by these carcasses are cycled through the food chain and become available to salmonids primarily through insects, consumed by salmonids as food. Title: 2004-2005 Hatchery Fish Carcass Placement in Oregon Streams Abstract -- The purpose of this document is to track the placement of salmon carcasses in streams. Fish carcass placement is commonly believed to replace some of the nutrients historically available to fish from decaying carcasses no longer present in large numbers. Nutrients provided by these carcasses are cycled through the food chain and become available to salmonids primarily through insects, consumed by salmonids as food. Close

• 34. [Article] 2005-2006 Hatchery Fish Carcass Placement in Oregon Streams

  Abstract -- The purpose of this document is to track the placement of salmon carcasses in streams. Fish carcass placement replaces some of the nutrients historically available to fish from decaying carcasses ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: 2005-2006 Hatchery Fish Carcass Placement in Oregon Streams Abstract -- The purpose of this document is to track the placement of salmon carcasses in streams. Fish carcass placement replaces some of the nutrients historically available to fish from decaying carcasses no longer present in large numbers. Nutrients provided by these carcasses are cycled through the food chain and become available to salmonids primarily through insects, consumed by salmonids as food. Information gathered from this analysis will help determine whether to continue, modify, or discontinue the carcass placement program. The monitoring and evaluation component of this project will investigate food web responses, along with other important factors Title: 2005-2006 Hatchery Fish Carcass Placement in Oregon Streams Abstract -- The purpose of this document is to track the placement of salmon carcasses in streams. Fish carcass placement replaces some of the nutrients historically available to fish from decaying carcasses no longer present in large numbers. Nutrients provided by these carcasses are cycled through the food chain and become available to salmonids primarily through insects, consumed by salmonids as food. Information gathered from this analysis will help determine whether to continue, modify, or discontinue the carcass placement program. The monitoring and evaluation component of this project will investigate food web responses, along with other important factors Close

• 35. [Article] 2006-2007 Hatchery Fish Carcass Placement in Oregon Streams

  Abstract -- The purpose of this document is to track the placement of salmon carcasses in streams. Fish carcass placement replaces some of the nutrients historically available to fish from decaying carcasses ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: 2006-2007 Hatchery Fish Carcass Placement in Oregon Streams Abstract -- The purpose of this document is to track the placement of salmon carcasses in streams. Fish carcass placement replaces some of the nutrients historically available to fish from decaying carcasses no longer present in large numbers. Nutrients provided by these carcasses are cycled through the food chain and become available to salmonids primarily through insects, consumed by salmonids as food. Title: 2006-2007 Hatchery Fish Carcass Placement in Oregon Streams Abstract -- The purpose of this document is to track the placement of salmon carcasses in streams. Fish carcass placement replaces some of the nutrients historically available to fish from decaying carcasses no longer present in large numbers. Nutrients provided by these carcasses are cycled through the food chain and become available to salmonids primarily through insects, consumed by salmonids as food. Close

• 36. [Article] Annual trends in abundance and frequency for juvenile coho in the Oregon Coast Coho ESU

  Abstract -- PDF Document with reference to North, Mid and Mid-South and Umpqua coastal streams. Snorkel years from 1998 to 2006 and shows information of the annual trend in abundance and frequency metrics ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Annual trends in abundance and frequency for juvenile coho in the Oregon Coast Coho ESU Abstract -- PDF Document with reference to North, Mid and Mid-South and Umpqua coastal streams. Snorkel years from 1998 to 2006 and shows information of the annual trend in abundance and frequency metrics for juvenile coho salmon in the Oregon Coast Coho ESU, based on snorkel surveys in 1st-3rd order stream reaches. Title: Annual trends in abundance and frequency for juvenile coho in the Oregon Coast Coho ESU Abstract -- PDF Document with reference to North, Mid and Mid-South and Umpqua coastal streams. Snorkel years from 1998 to 2006 and shows information of the annual trend in abundance and frequency metrics for juvenile coho salmon in the Oregon Coast Coho ESU, based on snorkel surveys in 1st-3rd order stream reaches. Close

• 37. [Article] Annual trends in abundance and frequency metrics for juvenile steelhead in the Oregon Coast Steelhead DPS

  Abstract -- PDF Document with reference to North, Mid and Mid-South and Umpqua coastal streams. Snorkel years from 2002 to 2006 and shows information from the annual trend in abundance and frequency metrics ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Annual trends in abundance and frequency metrics for juvenile steelhead in the Oregon Coast Steelhead DPS Abstract -- PDF Document with reference to North, Mid and Mid-South and Umpqua coastal streams. Snorkel years from 2002 to 2006 and shows information from the annual trend in abundance and frequency metrics for juvenile steelhead in the Oregon Coast Steelhead DPS, based on snorkel surveys in 1st-3rd order stream reaches. Title: Annual trends in abundance and frequency metrics for juvenile steelhead in the Oregon Coast Steelhead DPS Abstract -- PDF Document with reference to North, Mid and Mid-South and Umpqua coastal streams. Snorkel years from 2002 to 2006 and shows information from the annual trend in abundance and frequency metrics for juvenile steelhead in the Oregon Coast Steelhead DPS, based on snorkel surveys in 1st-3rd order stream reaches. Close

• 38. [Article] 2008-2009 Hatchery Fish Carcass Placement in Oregon Streams

  Abstract -- The pupose of this document is to track the placement of salmon carcasses in streams. Fish carcass placement is commonly believed to replace some of the nutrients historically available to ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: 2008-2009 Hatchery Fish Carcass Placement in Oregon Streams Abstract -- The pupose of this document is to track the placement of salmon carcasses in streams. Fish carcass placement is commonly believed to replace some of the nutrients historically available to fish from decaying carcasses no longer present in large numbers. Nutrients provided by these carcasses are cycled through the food chain and become available to salmonids primarily through insects consumed by salmonds as food. Title: 2008-2009 Hatchery Fish Carcass Placement in Oregon Streams Abstract -- The pupose of this document is to track the placement of salmon carcasses in streams. Fish carcass placement is commonly believed to replace some of the nutrients historically available to fish from decaying carcasses no longer present in large numbers. Nutrients provided by these carcasses are cycled through the food chain and become available to salmonids primarily through insects consumed by salmonds as food. Close

• 39. [Article] Little Deschutes Subbasin Watershed Assessment

  Abstract -- Many of the impacts to fish and wildlife habitat and water quality in the Little Deschutes River Subbasin are concentrated in the areas of housing, roads, and other human development. Most ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Little Deschutes Subbasin Watershed Assessment Abstract -- Many of the impacts to fish and wildlife habitat and water quality in the Little Deschutes River Subbasin are concentrated in the areas of housing, roads, and other human development. Most of the human population in the subbasin is concentrated around the community centers of La Pine, Gilchrist, Crescent, and Crescent Lake. There is significant dispersed development along the lower reaches of the Little Deschutes River between the communities of Sunriver and La Pine -an area characterized by gentle topography and depressions with forested wetlands, marshes and shallow lakes. Streams in this area, as illustrated by the Little Deschutes River , are low gradient and originate in the high elevation areas in the southwest portion of the watershed where there is higher precipitation. This ownership pattern has significant implications for natural resource management, as lower gradient floodplain areas tend to provide important wetland, fish, and wildlife habitat. Key Findings Fuel Loading: Having homes safe from wildfires is a concern for many residents. Fire suppression has increased the amount of dry wood in the area, creating a ready source for major wildfires. Riparian Areas and Wetlands: Loss of wetland and riparian areas , especially in the lower areas along the Little Deschutes River , has affected a number of resources. Water quality has been affected by the reduced wetlands that act as filters of nitrogen; the loss of streamside trees and other vegetation reduces shade that helps to cool water temperatures. Finally, loss ofwetlands and riparian vegetation has reduced important fish and wildlife habitats. Wildlife: The growth and development have altered wildlife habitats. Loss of wetlands, streamside vegetation, and other changes in the watershed have reduced important wildlife habitat. Roads and development have impacted migrating mule deer, increasing collisions between deer and cars and altering their migration pathways. Fish: There has been a significant loss of native trout and an increase in introduced brook and brown trout in the Little Deschutes River and tributaries. Loss of native trout is from competition with introduced species and changes in aquatic habitat and water temperatures. Water Quality: A major concern about the water in the river is unusually high temperatures in the summer and the abnormal growth of algae. Other studies indicated that there are problems with groundwater loading ofnitrogen. The high water table (with associated wetlands), and porous pumice soils contributes to increased nitrates, a by-product of septic systems and an indicator of human pathogens. Title: Little Deschutes Subbasin Watershed Assessment Abstract -- Many of the impacts to fish and wildlife habitat and water quality in the Little Deschutes River Subbasin are concentrated in the areas of housing, roads, and other human development. Most of the human population in the subbasin is concentrated around the community centers of La Pine, Gilchrist, Crescent, and Crescent Lake. There is significant dispersed development along the lower reaches of the Little Deschutes River between the communities of Sunriver and La Pine -an area characterized by gentle topography and depressions with forested wetlands, marshes and shallow lakes. Streams in this area, as illustrated by the Little Deschutes River , are low gradient and originate in the high elevation areas in the southwest portion of the watershed where there is higher precipitation. This ownership pattern has significant implications for natural resource management, as lower gradient floodplain areas tend to provide important wetland, fish, and wildlife habitat. Key Findings Fuel Loading: Having homes safe from wildfires is a concern for many residents. Fire suppression has increased the amount of dry wood in the area, creating a ready source for major wildfires. Riparian Areas and Wetlands: Loss of wetland and riparian areas , especially in the lower areas along the Little Deschutes River , has affected a number of resources. Water quality has been affected by the reduced wetlands that act as filters of nitrogen; the loss of streamside trees and other vegetation reduces shade that helps to cool water temperatures. Finally, loss ofwetlands and riparian vegetation has reduced important fish and wildlife habitats. Wildlife: The growth and development have altered wildlife habitats. Loss of wetlands, streamside vegetation, and other changes in the watershed have reduced important wildlife habitat. Roads and development have impacted migrating mule deer, increasing collisions between deer and cars and altering their migration pathways. Fish: There has been a significant loss of native trout and an increase in introduced brook and brown trout in the Little Deschutes River and tributaries. Loss of native trout is from competition with introduced species and changes in aquatic habitat and water temperatures. Water Quality: A major concern about the water in the river is unusually high temperatures in the summer and the abnormal growth of algae. Other studies indicated that there are problems with groundwater loading ofnitrogen. The high water table (with associated wetlands), and porous pumice soils contributes to increased nitrates, a by-product of septic systems and an indicator of human pathogens. Close

• 40. [Article] Little Walla Walla River Assessment and Initial Action Plan (2010)

  Abstract -- The Little Walla Walla River and Spring Branch system is an anomaly when compared to most river systems. This non-linear combination of distributaries and an alluvial fan of spring fed creeks ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Little Walla Walla River Assessment and Initial Action Plan (2010) Abstract -- The Little Walla Walla River and Spring Branch system is an anomaly when compared to most river systems. This non-linear combination of distributaries and an alluvial fan of spring fed creeks is treated by various state agencies and the local community as either a water conveyance network or natural stream, depending on the location being considered, or the time of year. This conundrum needs to be described and evaluated so that a coordinated approach can be developed and implemented to improve these unusual streams and the farms, fish, and wildlife that depend on them. This assessment consolidates information on the Little Walla Walla River and springs area with regards to historic and current flows, water use, land use, fish presence, habitat conditions, fish passage barriers, and water quality. This can then be utilized in developing a plan that aim to improve and preserve the environmental and economic health of this stream network, and to better define management and enhancement options. An Initial Action Plan of Goals and Actions is put forward as a discussion framework. Some of these actions are just conceptual, others are ongoing, but can be expanded to a greater scale. Title: Little Walla Walla River Assessment and Initial Action Plan (2010) Abstract -- The Little Walla Walla River and Spring Branch system is an anomaly when compared to most river systems. This non-linear combination of distributaries and an alluvial fan of spring fed creeks is treated by various state agencies and the local community as either a water conveyance network or natural stream, depending on the location being considered, or the time of year. This conundrum needs to be described and evaluated so that a coordinated approach can be developed and implemented to improve these unusual streams and the farms, fish, and wildlife that depend on them. This assessment consolidates information on the Little Walla Walla River and springs area with regards to historic and current flows, water use, land use, fish presence, habitat conditions, fish passage barriers, and water quality. This can then be utilized in developing a plan that aim to improve and preserve the environmental and economic health of this stream network, and to better define management and enhancement options. An Initial Action Plan of Goals and Actions is put forward as a discussion framework. Some of these actions are just conceptual, others are ongoing, but can be expanded to a greater scale. Close

• 41. [Article] Large wood restoration Cedar Creek Siletz River Basin 2009

  Abstract -- A large wood restoration project was completed along approximately seven miles of Cedar Cr (tributary to the lower Siletz River). 460 pieces of wood were placed in the stream. Wood was placed ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Large wood restoration Cedar Creek Siletz River Basin 2009 Abstract -- A large wood restoration project was completed along approximately seven miles of Cedar Cr (tributary to the lower Siletz River). 460 pieces of wood were placed in the stream. Wood was placed at 26 sites (with multiple jams at some sites) with an average of 66 pieces/mile or 18 pieces/site. Pre-restoration habitat surveys were completed during summer 2008 and consisted of standard ODFW AHI inventories. Post-restoration habitat surveys were completed summer 2011. A post-restoration evaluation report was completed February 2012 and is located in OWEB's files. Title: Large wood restoration Cedar Creek Siletz River Basin 2009 Abstract -- A large wood restoration project was completed along approximately seven miles of Cedar Cr (tributary to the lower Siletz River). 460 pieces of wood were placed in the stream. Wood was placed at 26 sites (with multiple jams at some sites) with an average of 66 pieces/mile or 18 pieces/site. Pre-restoration habitat surveys were completed during summer 2008 and consisted of standard ODFW AHI inventories. Post-restoration habitat surveys were completed summer 2011. A post-restoration evaluation report was completed February 2012 and is located in OWEB's files. Close

• 42. [Article] Donner und Blitzen Sub-basin Watershed Assessment

  Abstract -- The 2003 Donner und Blitzen Sub-basin Watershed Assessment was prepared by the Harney County Watershed Council. The Donner und Blitzen Sub-Basin is 505,127 acres located in Harney County, Oregon. ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Donner und Blitzen Sub-basin Watershed Assessment Abstract -- The 2003 Donner und Blitzen Sub-basin Watershed Assessment was prepared by the Harney County Watershed Council. The Donner und Blitzen Sub-Basin is 505,127 acres located in Harney County, Oregon. The Donner und Blitzen Sub-basin has 1,391 miles of streams within its 174 mile perimeter. The document discusses history of the sub-basin and the historical land uses. Following history and description, the results of the assessments are discussed and related to the land and resource use of the sub-basin and the current watershed issues based on those uses. The end of the document discussed the proposed changes to the sub-basin based on assessment results in relation to current and past land resouce use and the goals of the Harney County Watershed Council. Title: Donner und Blitzen Sub-basin Watershed Assessment Abstract -- The 2003 Donner und Blitzen Sub-basin Watershed Assessment was prepared by the Harney County Watershed Council. The Donner und Blitzen Sub-Basin is 505,127 acres located in Harney County, Oregon. The Donner und Blitzen Sub-basin has 1,391 miles of streams within its 174 mile perimeter. The document discusses history of the sub-basin and the historical land uses. Following history and description, the results of the assessments are discussed and related to the land and resource use of the sub-basin and the current watershed issues based on those uses. The end of the document discussed the proposed changes to the sub-basin based on assessment results in relation to current and past land resouce use and the goals of the Harney County Watershed Council. Close

• 43. [Article] Summary Report: Bald Mountain Creek-Bear Creek (Elk River) Juvenile Snorkel Survey, August 2011

  Abstract -- A rapid bio-assessment juvenile snorkel survey of Bald Mtn occurred in Augutst 2011 on approximately 0.67 miles of stream, and pools were snorkeled on Bear Creek to determine presence/absence. ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Summary Report: Bald Mountain Creek-Bear Creek (Elk River) Juvenile Snorkel Survey, August 2011 Abstract -- A rapid bio-assessment juvenile snorkel survey of Bald Mtn occurred in Augutst 2011 on approximately 0.67 miles of stream, and pools were snorkeled on Bear Creek to determine presence/absence. Title: Summary Report: Bald Mountain Creek-Bear Creek (Elk River) Juvenile Snorkel Survey, August 2011 Abstract -- A rapid bio-assessment juvenile snorkel survey of Bald Mtn occurred in Augutst 2011 on approximately 0.67 miles of stream, and pools were snorkeled on Bear Creek to determine presence/absence. Close

• 44. [Article] OASIS - Calibration of Estimates of Coho Spawner Abundance in Smith River Basin, 2001

  Abstract -- Estimates of coho spawner abundance derived from spawning surveys are a fundamental component of the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife’s (ODFW) Oregon Plan Monitoring (Jacobs et al. 2001). ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: OASIS - Calibration of Estimates of Coho Spawner Abundance in Smith River Basin, 2001 Abstract -- Estimates of coho spawner abundance derived from spawning surveys are a fundamental component of the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife’s (ODFW) Oregon Plan Monitoring (Jacobs et al. 2001). The basis of these estimates are visual counts of adult spawners in randomly selected stream reaches. To date, survey-derived estimates have not been validated against known spawner abundances. Beginning in 1999, we initiated a study at Smith River (Umpqua Basin) to calibrate survey-based spawner estimates. Smith River provides an ideal location for this type of study because it is typical of many other coastal streams that support coho salmon, contains large quantities of habitat and spawners, and provides the ability to efficiently trap and tag adequate portions of the coho run. Title: OASIS - Calibration of Estimates of Coho Spawner Abundance in Smith River Basin, 2001 Abstract -- Estimates of coho spawner abundance derived from spawning surveys are a fundamental component of the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife’s (ODFW) Oregon Plan Monitoring (Jacobs et al. 2001). The basis of these estimates are visual counts of adult spawners in randomly selected stream reaches. To date, survey-derived estimates have not been validated against known spawner abundances. Beginning in 1999, we initiated a study at Smith River (Umpqua Basin) to calibrate survey-based spawner estimates. Smith River provides an ideal location for this type of study because it is typical of many other coastal streams that support coho salmon, contains large quantities of habitat and spawners, and provides the ability to efficiently trap and tag adequate portions of the coho run. Close

• 45. [Article] NF - Sand Roller Investigations in the Willamette River Drainage, Annual Progress Report

  Abstract -- The purpose of this investigation was to determine the status and distribution of sand roller Percopsis transmontana populations in the Willamette River basin. Sand rollers are rare and endemic ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: NF - Sand Roller Investigations in the Willamette River Drainage, Annual Progress Report Abstract -- The purpose of this investigation was to determine the status and distribution of sand roller Percopsis transmontana populations in the Willamette River basin. Sand rollers are rare and endemic to the lower Columbia River drainage, including the Willamette River and its tributaries. Historical records are scarce. In 1945, R.E. Dimick and F. Merryfield found sand rollers to be localized in the Willamette River from Albany to Springfield, Santiam River, Rickreall Creek, Mary’s River, and the Coast Fork Willamette River. The Oregon State University museum collection has samples from the following Willamette River drainages: Coast and Middle Forks of the Willamette River, Mary’s River, Luckiamute River, Molalla River, Mill Creek, Long Tom River, and Santiam River. Their preferred habitat is quiet backwaters and pool margins of small to large rivers, usually near vegetation and woody debris over sand. The Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife surveyed historic and recently documented locations in 2005 to determine the current status and distribution of sandrollers in the Willamette River basin. Sand rollers were collected from at least one location in most of the major Willamette River subbasins sampled. Title: NF - Sand Roller Investigations in the Willamette River Drainage, Annual Progress Report Abstract -- The purpose of this investigation was to determine the status and distribution of sand roller Percopsis transmontana populations in the Willamette River basin. Sand rollers are rare and endemic to the lower Columbia River drainage, including the Willamette River and its tributaries. Historical records are scarce. In 1945, R.E. Dimick and F. Merryfield found sand rollers to be localized in the Willamette River from Albany to Springfield, Santiam River, Rickreall Creek, Mary’s River, and the Coast Fork Willamette River. The Oregon State University museum collection has samples from the following Willamette River drainages: Coast and Middle Forks of the Willamette River, Mary’s River, Luckiamute River, Molalla River, Mill Creek, Long Tom River, and Santiam River. Their preferred habitat is quiet backwaters and pool margins of small to large rivers, usually near vegetation and woody debris over sand. The Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife surveyed historic and recently documented locations in 2005 to determine the current status and distribution of sandrollers in the Willamette River basin. Sand rollers were collected from at least one location in most of the major Willamette River subbasins sampled. Close

• 46. [Article] The Distribution and Abundance of Great Basin Redband Trout: An Application of Variable Probability Sampling in a 1999 Status Review

  Abstract -- Using a variable probability sampling design, streams throughout the entire range of Great Basin redband trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss ssp.) were randomly sampled use the EMAP sampling protocol, ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The Distribution and Abundance of Great Basin Redband Trout: An Application of Variable Probability Sampling in a 1999 Status Review Abstract -- Using a variable probability sampling design, streams throughout the entire range of Great Basin redband trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss ssp.) were randomly sampled use the EMAP sampling protocol, such that 35 sample sites were apportioned to each of six subbasins (Silver Lake, Lake Abert, Goose Lake, Warner Valley, Catlow Valley, and Malheur Lakes). A total of 185 sites (out of a target of 210) were visited by three-person crews that conducted habitat surveys and population estimates in sample reaches whose length were nearly 20 times their channel width. A minimal sampling intensity was based on previously encountered levels of between site variance in abundance estimates for the species. The population estimate for age 1+ redband trout was 948,852 fish (+/– 21%), with confidence limits ranging from 26% to 43% of individual subbasin estimates. Age 1+ fish abundance in terms of density (fish m-2) showed no significant differences between any subbasin, while there were significant differences in biomass (g m-2), where one subbasin had significantly higher (Catlow Valley) biomasses, and one significantly lower (Goose Lake). These comparisons were supported by like differences in mean weight (g fish-2). Analysis of stream habitat characteristics and fish abundance revealed no relationship, or model, that was generally consistent throughout the Great Basin, though interpretable patterns were evident within some stream systems where sampling intensity happened to be sufficiently high. Thus while a landscape level sampling design was well suited to address a regional estimate of abundance, useful interpretation of fish and habitat relationships appeared to be embedded within the stream level of organization, and could not be addressed by the variable probability sampling design set for a minimal sampling intensity. Title: The Distribution and Abundance of Great Basin Redband Trout: An Application of Variable Probability Sampling in a 1999 Status Review Abstract -- Using a variable probability sampling design, streams throughout the entire range of Great Basin redband trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss ssp.) were randomly sampled use the EMAP sampling protocol, such that 35 sample sites were apportioned to each of six subbasins (Silver Lake, Lake Abert, Goose Lake, Warner Valley, Catlow Valley, and Malheur Lakes). A total of 185 sites (out of a target of 210) were visited by three-person crews that conducted habitat surveys and population estimates in sample reaches whose length were nearly 20 times their channel width. A minimal sampling intensity was based on previously encountered levels of between site variance in abundance estimates for the species. The population estimate for age 1+ redband trout was 948,852 fish (+/– 21%), with confidence limits ranging from 26% to 43% of individual subbasin estimates. Age 1+ fish abundance in terms of density (fish m-2) showed no significant differences between any subbasin, while there were significant differences in biomass (g m-2), where one subbasin had significantly higher (Catlow Valley) biomasses, and one significantly lower (Goose Lake). These comparisons were supported by like differences in mean weight (g fish-2). Analysis of stream habitat characteristics and fish abundance revealed no relationship, or model, that was generally consistent throughout the Great Basin, though interpretable patterns were evident within some stream systems where sampling intensity happened to be sufficiently high. Thus while a landscape level sampling design was well suited to address a regional estimate of abundance, useful interpretation of fish and habitat relationships appeared to be embedded within the stream level of organization, and could not be addressed by the variable probability sampling design set for a minimal sampling intensity. Close

• 47. [Article] AI - Year 2000 Stream Habitat Conditions in Western Oregon

  Abstract -- The goals of the habitat monitoring portion of the Oregon Plan program are to develop baseline statistics, describe current conditions and track trends in habitat condition over time. This ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: AI - Year 2000 Stream Habitat Conditions in Western Oregon Abstract -- The goals of the habitat monitoring portion of the Oregon Plan program are to develop baseline statistics, describe current conditions and track trends in habitat condition over time. This program functions as the landscape link in the overall Oregon Plan monitoring program. Field work for the habitat monitoring program began in 1998 with coordinated site visitations conducted with the two other Oregon Plan monitoring programs; juvenile rearing survey and adult salmon spawning survey programs. The Oregon Plan Habitat Survey program is nested within the Aquatic Inventories Project (AIP). The AIP was begun by the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife (ODFW) in 1990 and has expanded to include a wide variety of inventory, modeling and monitoring efforts. The central purpose of these diverse projects is the inventory of physical aspects of the environment that are important for aquatic life and the habitat needs of salmonids and other fishes during the freshwater stages of their life history. Some of the significant ongoing or recently completed projects that are part of the AIP are: Basinwide cesus surveys, Oregon plan Habitat surveys, Restoration Project Monitoring, Salmonid Habitat and Diversity Watersheds Project, Fish Inventories, Great Basin Redband Trout, Oregon Chub Status and Recovery Project, Salmon River Estuary, and Columbia River Estuary Project. Title: AI - Year 2000 Stream Habitat Conditions in Western Oregon Abstract -- The goals of the habitat monitoring portion of the Oregon Plan program are to develop baseline statistics, describe current conditions and track trends in habitat condition over time. This program functions as the landscape link in the overall Oregon Plan monitoring program. Field work for the habitat monitoring program began in 1998 with coordinated site visitations conducted with the two other Oregon Plan monitoring programs; juvenile rearing survey and adult salmon spawning survey programs. The Oregon Plan Habitat Survey program is nested within the Aquatic Inventories Project (AIP). The AIP was begun by the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife (ODFW) in 1990 and has expanded to include a wide variety of inventory, modeling and monitoring efforts. The central purpose of these diverse projects is the inventory of physical aspects of the environment that are important for aquatic life and the habitat needs of salmonids and other fishes during the freshwater stages of their life history. Some of the significant ongoing or recently completed projects that are part of the AIP are: Basinwide cesus surveys, Oregon plan Habitat surveys, Restoration Project Monitoring, Salmonid Habitat and Diversity Watersheds Project, Fish Inventories, Great Basin Redband Trout, Oregon Chub Status and Recovery Project, Salmon River Estuary, and Columbia River Estuary Project. Close

• 48. [Article] AI - Fish Habitat Assessment in The Oregon Department of Forestry Tillamook Study Area

  Abstract -- A collaborative project between the Oregon Department of Forestry (ODF) and the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife (ODFW) was initiated to synthesize aquatic habitat and fisheries information ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: AI - Fish Habitat Assessment in The Oregon Department of Forestry Tillamook Study Area Abstract -- A collaborative project between the Oregon Department of Forestry (ODF) and the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife (ODFW) was initiated to synthesize aquatic habitat and fisheries information for the Tillamook drainage to assist in the development of operational management plans, stream habitat restoration projects, habitat conservation planning, and watershed analysis. The project summarizes the condition of stream habitat, the distribution and abundance of salmonid fishes, and the potential for restoration. The ODFW Aquatic Inventories Project has conducted stream habitat surveys as part of its basin survey project and habitat assessment project under the Oregon Plan for Salmon and Watersheds. The goal of these surveys was to document the status and trends of stream conditions in coastal drainages. These surveys in conjunction with fish distribution, fish presence, potential barriers to passage, and past restoration activities form the basis of the analyses. Title: AI - Fish Habitat Assessment in The Oregon Department of Forestry Tillamook Study Area Abstract -- A collaborative project between the Oregon Department of Forestry (ODF) and the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife (ODFW) was initiated to synthesize aquatic habitat and fisheries information for the Tillamook drainage to assist in the development of operational management plans, stream habitat restoration projects, habitat conservation planning, and watershed analysis. The project summarizes the condition of stream habitat, the distribution and abundance of salmonid fishes, and the potential for restoration. The ODFW Aquatic Inventories Project has conducted stream habitat surveys as part of its basin survey project and habitat assessment project under the Oregon Plan for Salmon and Watersheds. The goal of these surveys was to document the status and trends of stream conditions in coastal drainages. These surveys in conjunction with fish distribution, fish presence, potential barriers to passage, and past restoration activities form the basis of the analyses. Close

• 49. [Article] AI - Fish Habitat Assessment in The Oregon Department of Forestry North Cascade Study Area

  Abstract -- A collaborative project between the Oregon Department of Forestry (ODF) and the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife (ODFW) was initiated to synthesize aquatic habitat and fisheries information ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: AI - Fish Habitat Assessment in The Oregon Department of Forestry North Cascade Study Area Abstract -- A collaborative project between the Oregon Department of Forestry (ODF) and the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife (ODFW) was initiated to synthesize aquatic habitat and fisheries information for the North Cascade management areas to assist in the development of operational management plans, stream habitat restoration projects, habitat conservation planning, and watershed analysis. The project summarizes the condition of stream habitat, the distribution and abundance of salmonid fishes, and the potential for restoration. The ODFW Aquatic Inventories Project has conducted stream habitat surveys as part of its basin survey project and habitat assessment project under the Oregon Plan for Salmon and Watersheds. The goal of these surveys was to document the status and trends of stream conditions in coastal drainages. These surveys in conjunction with fish distribution, fish presence, potential barriers to passage, and past restoration activities form the basis of the analyses. Title: AI - Fish Habitat Assessment in The Oregon Department of Forestry North Cascade Study Area Abstract -- A collaborative project between the Oregon Department of Forestry (ODF) and the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife (ODFW) was initiated to synthesize aquatic habitat and fisheries information for the North Cascade management areas to assist in the development of operational management plans, stream habitat restoration projects, habitat conservation planning, and watershed analysis. The project summarizes the condition of stream habitat, the distribution and abundance of salmonid fishes, and the potential for restoration. The ODFW Aquatic Inventories Project has conducted stream habitat surveys as part of its basin survey project and habitat assessment project under the Oregon Plan for Salmon and Watersheds. The goal of these surveys was to document the status and trends of stream conditions in coastal drainages. These surveys in conjunction with fish distribution, fish presence, potential barriers to passage, and past restoration activities form the basis of the analyses. Close

• 50. [Article] AI - Fish Habitat Assessment in The Oregon Department of Forestry Lower Nehalem and Necanicum Study Area

  Abstract -- A collaborative project between the Oregon Department of Forestry (ODF) and the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife (ODFW) was initiated to synthesize aquatic habitat and fisheries information ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: AI - Fish Habitat Assessment in The Oregon Department of Forestry Lower Nehalem and Necanicum Study Area Abstract -- A collaborative project between the Oregon Department of Forestry (ODF) and the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife (ODFW) was initiated to synthesize aquatic habitat and fisheries information for the Lower Nehalem and Necanicum River drainages to assist in the development of operational management plans, stream habitat restoration projects, habitat conservation planning, and watershed analysis. The project summarizes the condition of stream habitat, the distribution and abundance of salmonid fishes, and the potential for restoration. The ODFW Aquatic Inventories Project has conducted stream habitat surveys as part of its basin survey project and habitat assessment project under the Oregon Plan for Salmon and Watersheds. The goal of these surveys was to document the status and trends of stream conditions in coastal drainages. These surveys in conjunction with fish distribution, fish presence, potential barriers to passage, and past restoration activities form the basis of the analyses. Title: AI - Fish Habitat Assessment in The Oregon Department of Forestry Lower Nehalem and Necanicum Study Area Abstract -- A collaborative project between the Oregon Department of Forestry (ODF) and the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife (ODFW) was initiated to synthesize aquatic habitat and fisheries information for the Lower Nehalem and Necanicum River drainages to assist in the development of operational management plans, stream habitat restoration projects, habitat conservation planning, and watershed analysis. The project summarizes the condition of stream habitat, the distribution and abundance of salmonid fishes, and the potential for restoration. The ODFW Aquatic Inventories Project has conducted stream habitat surveys as part of its basin survey project and habitat assessment project under the Oregon Plan for Salmon and Watersheds. The goal of these surveys was to document the status and trends of stream conditions in coastal drainages. These surveys in conjunction with fish distribution, fish presence, potential barriers to passage, and past restoration activities form the basis of the analyses. Close

• 51. [Article] AI - Fish Habitat Assessment in The Oregon Department of Forestry Elliot Study Area

  Abstract -- A collaborative project between the Oregon Department of Forestry (ODF) and the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife (ODFW) was initiated to synt hesize aquatic habitat and fisheries information ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: AI - Fish Habitat Assessment in The Oregon Department of Forestry Elliot Study Area Abstract -- A collaborative project between the Oregon Department of Forestry (ODF) and the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife (ODFW) was initiated to synt hesize aquatic habitat and fisheries information for the Elliott State Forest study area, which includes portions of the Coos, Umpqua, and Tenmile Lake drainages, to assist in the development of operational management plans, stream habitat restoration projects, habitat conservation planning, and watershed analysis. The project summarizes the condition of stream habitat, the distribution and abundance of salmonid fishes, and the potential for restoration. The ODFW Aquatic Inventories Project has conducted stream habitat surveys as part of its basin survey project and habitat assessment project under the Oregon Plan for Salmon and Watersheds. The goal of these surveys was to document the status and trends of stream conditions in coastal drainages. These surveys in conjunction with fish distribution, fish abundance, potential barriers to passage, and past restoration activities form the basis of the analyses. Title: AI - Fish Habitat Assessment in The Oregon Department of Forestry Elliot Study Area Abstract -- A collaborative project between the Oregon Department of Forestry (ODF) and the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife (ODFW) was initiated to synt hesize aquatic habitat and fisheries information for the Elliott State Forest study area, which includes portions of the Coos, Umpqua, and Tenmile Lake drainages, to assist in the development of operational management plans, stream habitat restoration projects, habitat conservation planning, and watershed analysis. The project summarizes the condition of stream habitat, the distribution and abundance of salmonid fishes, and the potential for restoration. The ODFW Aquatic Inventories Project has conducted stream habitat surveys as part of its basin survey project and habitat assessment project under the Oregon Plan for Salmon and Watersheds. The goal of these surveys was to document the status and trends of stream conditions in coastal drainages. These surveys in conjunction with fish distribution, fish abundance, potential barriers to passage, and past restoration activities form the basis of the analyses. Close

• 52. [Article] AI - Fish Habitat Assessment in The Oregon Department of Forestry Upper Nehalem and Clatskanie Study Area

  Abstract -- A collaborative project between the Oregon Department of Forestry (ODF) and the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife (ODFW) was initiated to synthesize aquatic habitat and fisheries information ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: AI - Fish Habitat Assessment in The Oregon Department of Forestry Upper Nehalem and Clatskanie Study Area Abstract -- A collaborative project between the Oregon Department of Forestry (ODF) and the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife (ODFW) was initiated to synthesize aquatic habitat and fisheries information for the upper Nehalem and Clatskanie River drainages to assist in the development of operational management plans, stream habitat restoration projects, habitat conservation planning, and watershed analysis. The project summarizes the condition of stream habitat, the distribution and abundance of salmonid fishes, and the potential for restoration. The ODFW Aquatic Inventories Project has conducted stream habitat surveys as part of its basin survey project and habitat assessment project under the Oregon Plan for Salmon and Watersheds. The goal of these surveys was to document the status and trends of stream conditions in coastal drainages. These surveys in conjunction with fish distribution, fish presence, potential barriers to passage, and past restoration activities form the basis of the analyses. Title: AI - Fish Habitat Assessment in The Oregon Department of Forestry Upper Nehalem and Clatskanie Study Area Abstract -- A collaborative project between the Oregon Department of Forestry (ODF) and the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife (ODFW) was initiated to synthesize aquatic habitat and fisheries information for the upper Nehalem and Clatskanie River drainages to assist in the development of operational management plans, stream habitat restoration projects, habitat conservation planning, and watershed analysis. The project summarizes the condition of stream habitat, the distribution and abundance of salmonid fishes, and the potential for restoration. The ODFW Aquatic Inventories Project has conducted stream habitat surveys as part of its basin survey project and habitat assessment project under the Oregon Plan for Salmon and Watersheds. The goal of these surveys was to document the status and trends of stream conditions in coastal drainages. These surveys in conjunction with fish distribution, fish presence, potential barriers to passage, and past restoration activities form the basis of the analyses. Close

• 53. [Article] AI - Fish Habitat Assessment in The Oregon Department Of Forestry Miamii Study Area

  Abstract -- A collaborative project between the Oregon Department of Forestry (ODF) and the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife (ODFW) was initiated to synthesize aquatic habitat and fisheries information ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: AI - Fish Habitat Assessment in The Oregon Department Of Forestry Miamii Study Area Abstract -- A collaborative project between the Oregon Department of Forestry (ODF) and the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife (ODFW) was initiated to synthesize aquatic habitat and fisheries information for the Miami River drainage to assist in the development of operational management plans, stream habitat restoration projects, habitat conservation planning, and watershed analysis. The project summarizes the condition of stream habitat, the distribution and abundance of salmonid fishes, and the potential for restoration. The ODFW Aquatic Inventories Project has conducted stream habitat surveys as part of its basin survey project and habitat assessment project under the Oregon Plan for Salmon and Watersheds. The goal of these surveys was to document the status and trends of stream conditions in coastal drainages. These surveys in conjunction with fish distribution, fish presence, potential barriers to passage, and past restoration activities will be the basis of the analyses. Title: AI - Fish Habitat Assessment in The Oregon Department Of Forestry Miamii Study Area Abstract -- A collaborative project between the Oregon Department of Forestry (ODF) and the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife (ODFW) was initiated to synthesize aquatic habitat and fisheries information for the Miami River drainage to assist in the development of operational management plans, stream habitat restoration projects, habitat conservation planning, and watershed analysis. The project summarizes the condition of stream habitat, the distribution and abundance of salmonid fishes, and the potential for restoration. The ODFW Aquatic Inventories Project has conducted stream habitat surveys as part of its basin survey project and habitat assessment project under the Oregon Plan for Salmon and Watersheds. The goal of these surveys was to document the status and trends of stream conditions in coastal drainages. These surveys in conjunction with fish distribution, fish presence, potential barriers to passage, and past restoration activities will be the basis of the analyses. Close

• 54. [Article] AI - Stream Habitat Conditions on Industrial Forest Lands in Coastal Oregon

  Abstract -- In the summer of 1998 and 1999, watersheds in western Oregon were randomly sampled for stream habitat conditions. Sites were selected using a random tessellation stratified design. Oregon Department ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: AI - Stream Habitat Conditions on Industrial Forest Lands in Coastal Oregon Abstract -- In the summer of 1998 and 1999, watersheds in western Oregon were randomly sampled for stream habitat conditions. Sites were selected using a random tessellation stratified design. Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife Aquatic Inventories methods were used to quantify indicators of sediment supply and quality, riparian forest connectivity and health, habitat structure, in-stream complexity, and presence of salmonid species. As part of the overall sampling 47 sites in 1998 and 70 sites in 1999 were sampled on industrial forest lands. Of these sites 13 were sampled both in 1998 and 1999, and 37 sites were sampled for fish presence/absence. Approximately 44% of the sites sampled for habitat were within the range of anadromous salmonids. Upstream catchment area and gradient were the two major factors driving the overall patterns of habitat variables. Secondarily, land ownership and geology were other factors correlated with the habitat variables analyzed. The private non-industrial land ownership type was characterized by slightly higher fine sediment levels, lower wood volumes and number of key wood pieces, lower densities of deep pools, and lower levels of stream shading. State and industrial forest lands show moderate wood levels in the stream channel, although they show low levels of conifers in riparian zones. The sedimentary geologic type was characterized by higher levels of fine sediments in riffle units. Twelve, high quality, unconstrained stream reaches occurred in the 1998 and 1999 habitat sample on Industrial forest lands. Conditions on industrial forest lands in 1998-1999 were compared to conditions in 1993-1994 to detect any potential change over the five-year period. Three different datasets were analyzed. No significant changes in aquatic habitat or riparian conditions were detected. Electrofishing surveys were conducted at 37 sites outside or the expected range of coho salmon to determine fish presence/absence. Salmonid species were present at 19 of the sites that were electrofished. Title: AI - Stream Habitat Conditions on Industrial Forest Lands in Coastal Oregon Abstract -- In the summer of 1998 and 1999, watersheds in western Oregon were randomly sampled for stream habitat conditions. Sites were selected using a random tessellation stratified design. Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife Aquatic Inventories methods were used to quantify indicators of sediment supply and quality, riparian forest connectivity and health, habitat structure, in-stream complexity, and presence of salmonid species. As part of the overall sampling 47 sites in 1998 and 70 sites in 1999 were sampled on industrial forest lands. Of these sites 13 were sampled both in 1998 and 1999, and 37 sites were sampled for fish presence/absence. Approximately 44% of the sites sampled for habitat were within the range of anadromous salmonids. Upstream catchment area and gradient were the two major factors driving the overall patterns of habitat variables. Secondarily, land ownership and geology were other factors correlated with the habitat variables analyzed. The private non-industrial land ownership type was characterized by slightly higher fine sediment levels, lower wood volumes and number of key wood pieces, lower densities of deep pools, and lower levels of stream shading. State and industrial forest lands show moderate wood levels in the stream channel, although they show low levels of conifers in riparian zones. The sedimentary geologic type was characterized by higher levels of fine sediments in riffle units. Twelve, high quality, unconstrained stream reaches occurred in the 1998 and 1999 habitat sample on Industrial forest lands. Conditions on industrial forest lands in 1998-1999 were compared to conditions in 1993-1994 to detect any potential change over the five-year period. Three different datasets were analyzed. No significant changes in aquatic habitat or riparian conditions were detected. Electrofishing surveys were conducted at 37 sites outside or the expected range of coho salmon to determine fish presence/absence. Salmonid species were present at 19 of the sites that were electrofished. Close

• 55. [Article] AI - Reference Site Selection and Survey Results 2000

  Abstract -- The Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife (ODFW) Aquatic Inventories Project conducts stream habitat surveys as part of the Oregon Plan for Salmon and Watersheds. The goal of these surveys ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: AI - Reference Site Selection and Survey Results 2000 Abstract -- The Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife (ODFW) Aquatic Inventories Project conducts stream habitat surveys as part of the Oregon Plan for Salmon and Watersheds. The goal of these surveys is to document the status and trends of stream conditions that exist in coastal drainages of western Oregon. To better interpret landscape patterns in aquatic habitat character, the Aquatic Inventories Project has sought to improve the definition of a set of reference conditions from which to compare habitat survey sites. Over the past three years, the set of reference conditions used in analyses was selected from basin-wide habitat surveys conducted between 1992 and 1997. These conditions did not adequately represent the variety of stream sizes, geologic types, or ecoregions present in all coastal streams. The Aquatic Inventories Project selected a set of new reference survey locations that better represent reference conditions in coastal streams for a variety of ecoregions, geologic types, and basins. The reference sites selected for the year 2000 represented watershed areas with low impact from human activities such as roads, development, and forest management. Ideally, areas would have been selected that were completely free from human disturbance, but we concluded it was more important to represent a larger geographic range of conditions across the landscape. Title: AI - Reference Site Selection and Survey Results 2000 Abstract -- The Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife (ODFW) Aquatic Inventories Project conducts stream habitat surveys as part of the Oregon Plan for Salmon and Watersheds. The goal of these surveys is to document the status and trends of stream conditions that exist in coastal drainages of western Oregon. To better interpret landscape patterns in aquatic habitat character, the Aquatic Inventories Project has sought to improve the definition of a set of reference conditions from which to compare habitat survey sites. Over the past three years, the set of reference conditions used in analyses was selected from basin-wide habitat surveys conducted between 1992 and 1997. These conditions did not adequately represent the variety of stream sizes, geologic types, or ecoregions present in all coastal streams. The Aquatic Inventories Project selected a set of new reference survey locations that better represent reference conditions in coastal streams for a variety of ecoregions, geologic types, and basins. The reference sites selected for the year 2000 represented watershed areas with low impact from human activities such as roads, development, and forest management. Ideally, areas would have been selected that were completely free from human disturbance, but we concluded it was more important to represent a larger geographic range of conditions across the landscape. Close

• 56. [Article] Upper Nehelam Habitat Assessments - Winter 2006 & 2007

  Abstract -- Project staff utilized the ODFW Aquatic Inventory protocol to assess habitat in selected small, medium, and large sized streams in the Upper Nehalem basin. In addition, the project personnel ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Upper Nehelam Habitat Assessments - Winter 2006 & 2007 Abstract -- Project staff utilized the ODFW Aquatic Inventory protocol to assess habitat in selected small, medium, and large sized streams in the Upper Nehalem basin. In addition, the project personnel conducted a snorkeling survey to estimate juvenile salmonid distribution in these streams. The 2006 and 2007 habitat surveys completed the remaining non-surveyed Coho freshwater habitat streams found within the Upper Nehalem. During the 2006 and 2007 seasons we surveyed 218 stream reaches in 87 streams totaling 242.82 kilometers (150.54 miles) of habitat. In addition, the project staff snorkeled 445 pools within the surveyed areas. Title: Upper Nehelam Habitat Assessments - Winter 2006 & 2007 Abstract -- Project staff utilized the ODFW Aquatic Inventory protocol to assess habitat in selected small, medium, and large sized streams in the Upper Nehalem basin. In addition, the project personnel conducted a snorkeling survey to estimate juvenile salmonid distribution in these streams. The 2006 and 2007 habitat surveys completed the remaining non-surveyed Coho freshwater habitat streams found within the Upper Nehalem. During the 2006 and 2007 seasons we surveyed 218 stream reaches in 87 streams totaling 242.82 kilometers (150.54 miles) of habitat. In addition, the project staff snorkeled 445 pools within the surveyed areas. Close

• 57. [Article] Upper Nehelam Habitat Assessments 2005

  Abstract -- Project staff utilized the ODFW Aquatic Inventory protocol to assess habitat in selected small, medium, and large sized streams in the Upper Nehalem basin. In addition, the project personnel ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Upper Nehelam Habitat Assessments 2005 Abstract -- Project staff utilized the ODFW Aquatic Inventory protocol to assess habitat in selected small, medium, and large sized streams in the Upper Nehalem basin. In addition, the project personnel conducted a snorkeling survey to estimate juvenile salmonid distribution in these streams. The 2005 surveys completed a portion of the Coho freshwater habitat found within the Upper Nehalem. During the 2005 season we surveyed 84 stream reaches in 38 streams totaling 96.89 kilometers of habitat, (60.206 miles) of habitat. In addition, the project staff snorkeled 130 pools within the surveyed areas. Title: Upper Nehelam Habitat Assessments 2005 Abstract -- Project staff utilized the ODFW Aquatic Inventory protocol to assess habitat in selected small, medium, and large sized streams in the Upper Nehalem basin. In addition, the project personnel conducted a snorkeling survey to estimate juvenile salmonid distribution in these streams. The 2005 surveys completed a portion of the Coho freshwater habitat found within the Upper Nehalem. During the 2005 season we surveyed 84 stream reaches in 38 streams totaling 96.89 kilometers of habitat, (60.206 miles) of habitat. In addition, the project staff snorkeled 130 pools within the surveyed areas. Close

• 58. [Article] Mosby Creek Limiting Factors Analysis and Restoration Plan

  Abstract -- The Mosby Creek Limiting Factors Analysis (Rapid Bio-Assessment) assessed stream conditions for native salmonids and prioritized projects of benefit to spring Chinook, cutthroat trout, rainbow ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Mosby Creek Limiting Factors Analysis and Restoration Plan Abstract -- The Mosby Creek Limiting Factors Analysis (Rapid Bio-Assessment) assessed stream conditions for native salmonids and prioritized projects of benefit to spring Chinook, cutthroat trout, rainbow trout, and Pacific lamprey in this high-priority, free-flowing stream in the Coast Fork Willamette Watershed. To gain access to private properties adjacent to the 75 miles of surveyed streams, the applicant conducted landowner outreach and coordinated two years of continuous temperature data collection by volunteers. The contractor conducted a modified limiting factors analysis and a snorkel survey in the Mosby Creek main stem and tributaries up to 6 percent gradient. The resulting study results include a prioritized restoration plan that has been shared with local landowners and restoration partners and used for restoration planning. Title: Mosby Creek Limiting Factors Analysis and Restoration Plan Abstract -- The Mosby Creek Limiting Factors Analysis (Rapid Bio-Assessment) assessed stream conditions for native salmonids and prioritized projects of benefit to spring Chinook, cutthroat trout, rainbow trout, and Pacific lamprey in this high-priority, free-flowing stream in the Coast Fork Willamette Watershed. To gain access to private properties adjacent to the 75 miles of surveyed streams, the applicant conducted landowner outreach and coordinated two years of continuous temperature data collection by volunteers. The contractor conducted a modified limiting factors analysis and a snorkel survey in the Mosby Creek main stem and tributaries up to 6 percent gradient. The resulting study results include a prioritized restoration plan that has been shared with local landowners and restoration partners and used for restoration planning. Close

• 59. [Article] Oregon Fish Habitat Distribution - Redband Trout

  Abstract -- These data describe areas of suitable habitat believed to be used currently and historically by redband trout populations. Columbia River redband trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss gairdneri, a subspecies ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Oregon Fish Habitat Distribution - Redband Trout Abstract -- These data describe areas of suitable habitat believed to be used currently and historically by redband trout populations. Columbia River redband trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss gairdneri, a subspecies of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, is native to the Fraser and Columbia River drainages, east of the Cascade Mountains to barrier falls on the Pend Oreille, Spokane, Snake and Kootenai rivers (Allendorf et al. 1980; Behnke 1992). Northern Great Basin redband trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss newberrii, are found in the closed basins of south-central Oregon as well as the Upper Klamath Lake basin. While Upper Klamath Lake now drains to the ocean, redband trout in the basin had ancestors that came from interior connections to the Great Basin and not from connections to the ocean (Behnke 1992). Redband trout, for the purposes of habitat distribution mapping, are generally defined as stream-resident O. mykiss gairdneri; migration is confined within their natal stream or watershed while steelhead, or the anadromous life form of O.mykiss gairdneri, migrate from their natal stream to the ocean and back. It is recognized, that while redband and steelhead habitat distribution datasets are published separately, overlapping areas represent the same subspecies. The term "currently" is defined as within the past five reproductive cycles. This information is based on sampling, the best professional opinion of Oregon Dept. of Fish and Wildlife or other natural resources agency staff biologists or modeling (see the fhdBasis field). Due to natural variations in run size, water conditions, or other environmental factors, some habitats identified may not be used annually. These data now comply with the Oregon Fish Habitat Distribution Data Standard that was adopted by the Oregon Geographic Information Council in February 2011. The Standard document can be found at: http://gis.oregon.gov/DAS/EISPD/GEO/standards/docs/OregonFishHabitatDistributionDataStandardv2.pdf Key features of the Oregon Fish Habitat Distribution Data include: species, run, life history, habitat use, origin, production, the basis for each record, originator name, originator entity and reference. Habitat distribution data are mapped at a 1:24,000 scale statewide and are based on the Pacific Northwest Framework Hydrography dataset. The data are made available as GIS files in both shapefile and ESRI geodatabase format. The data were developed over an extensive time period ranging from 1996 to 2011. Title: Oregon Fish Habitat Distribution - Redband Trout Abstract -- These data describe areas of suitable habitat believed to be used currently and historically by redband trout populations. Columbia River redband trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss gairdneri, a subspecies of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, is native to the Fraser and Columbia River drainages, east of the Cascade Mountains to barrier falls on the Pend Oreille, Spokane, Snake and Kootenai rivers (Allendorf et al. 1980; Behnke 1992). Northern Great Basin redband trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss newberrii, are found in the closed basins of south-central Oregon as well as the Upper Klamath Lake basin. While Upper Klamath Lake now drains to the ocean, redband trout in the basin had ancestors that came from interior connections to the Great Basin and not from connections to the ocean (Behnke 1992). Redband trout, for the purposes of habitat distribution mapping, are generally defined as stream-resident O. mykiss gairdneri; migration is confined within their natal stream or watershed while steelhead, or the anadromous life form of O.mykiss gairdneri, migrate from their natal stream to the ocean and back. It is recognized, that while redband and steelhead habitat distribution datasets are published separately, overlapping areas represent the same subspecies. The term "currently" is defined as within the past five reproductive cycles. This information is based on sampling, the best professional opinion of Oregon Dept. of Fish and Wildlife or other natural resources agency staff biologists or modeling (see the fhdBasis field). Due to natural variations in run size, water conditions, or other environmental factors, some habitats identified may not be used annually. These data now comply with the Oregon Fish Habitat Distribution Data Standard that was adopted by the Oregon Geographic Information Council in February 2011. The Standard document can be found at: http://gis.oregon.gov/DAS/EISPD/GEO/standards/docs/OregonFishHabitatDistributionDataStandardv2.pdf Key features of the Oregon Fish Habitat Distribution Data include: species, run, life history, habitat use, origin, production, the basis for each record, originator name, originator entity and reference. Habitat distribution data are mapped at a 1:24,000 scale statewide and are based on the Pacific Northwest Framework Hydrography dataset. The data are made available as GIS files in both shapefile and ESRI geodatabase format. The data were developed over an extensive time period ranging from 1996 to 2011. Close

• 60. [Article] Oregon Fish Habitat Distribution - Pacific Lamprey

  Abstract -- The Pacific lamprey has inhabited the rivers, streams and coastal waters of the west for 350 million years (BPA, 2005). These data describe areas of suitable habitat currently and historically ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Oregon Fish Habitat Distribution - Pacific Lamprey Abstract -- The Pacific lamprey has inhabited the rivers, streams and coastal waters of the west for 350 million years (BPA, 2005). These data describe areas of suitable habitat currently and historically used by Pacific lamprey populations. Pacific lamprey, Lampetra tridentata, (more recently identified as Entosphenus tridentatus), are native to the Pacific coast from Baja California to the Bering Sea. They are anadromous, migrating from their natal stream to the ocean and back, but unlike salmon, Pacific lamprey spend well over half of their total life cycle in freshwater. The Pacific lamprey was listed as an Oregon State sensitive species in 1993 and in 1996 was protected through restriction of harvest (ODFW 2006). These data now comply with the Oregon Fish Habitat Distribution Data Standard that was adopted by the Oregon Geographic Information Council in February 2011. The Standard document can be found at: http://gis.oregon.gov/DAS/EISPD/GEO/standards/docs/OregonFishHabitatDistributionDataStandardv2.pdf The term "currently" is defined as within the past five reproductive cycles. This information is based on sampling (see the fhdBasis field). Due to natural variations in run size, water conditions, or other environmental factors, some habitats identified may not be used annually.Habitat distribution data are mapped at a 1:24,000 scale statewide and are based on the Pacific Northwest Framework Hydrography dataset. The data are made available as GIS files in both shapefile and ESRI geodatabase format. The data were developed over an extensive time period ranging from 1990 to 2011. Data were migrated to the NHD in Spring of 2014. Title: Oregon Fish Habitat Distribution - Pacific Lamprey Abstract -- The Pacific lamprey has inhabited the rivers, streams and coastal waters of the west for 350 million years (BPA, 2005). These data describe areas of suitable habitat currently and historically used by Pacific lamprey populations. Pacific lamprey, Lampetra tridentata, (more recently identified as Entosphenus tridentatus), are native to the Pacific coast from Baja California to the Bering Sea. They are anadromous, migrating from their natal stream to the ocean and back, but unlike salmon, Pacific lamprey spend well over half of their total life cycle in freshwater. The Pacific lamprey was listed as an Oregon State sensitive species in 1993 and in 1996 was protected through restriction of harvest (ODFW 2006). These data now comply with the Oregon Fish Habitat Distribution Data Standard that was adopted by the Oregon Geographic Information Council in February 2011. The Standard document can be found at: http://gis.oregon.gov/DAS/EISPD/GEO/standards/docs/OregonFishHabitatDistributionDataStandardv2.pdf The term "currently" is defined as within the past five reproductive cycles. This information is based on sampling (see the fhdBasis field). Due to natural variations in run size, water conditions, or other environmental factors, some habitats identified may not be used annually.Habitat distribution data are mapped at a 1:24,000 scale statewide and are based on the Pacific Northwest Framework Hydrography dataset. The data are made available as GIS files in both shapefile and ESRI geodatabase format. The data were developed over an extensive time period ranging from 1990 to 2011. Data were migrated to the NHD in Spring of 2014. Close

• 61. [Article] Bottom Creek GRAIP Road Surveys

  Abstract -- Shape files containing the data needed to run the U.S. Forest Service Geomorphic Road Assessment and Inventory Protocol for forest roads in the Bottom Creek sub-basin of the S.F. Coos River ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Bottom Creek GRAIP Road Surveys Abstract -- Shape files containing the data needed to run the U.S. Forest Service Geomorphic Road Assessment and Inventory Protocol for forest roads in the Bottom Creek sub-basin of the S.F. Coos River watershed. Title: Bottom Creek GRAIP Road Surveys Abstract -- Shape files containing the data needed to run the U.S. Forest Service Geomorphic Road Assessment and Inventory Protocol for forest roads in the Bottom Creek sub-basin of the S.F. Coos River watershed. Close

• 62. [Article] Pine Hollow - Jackknife Creek Watershed Assessment

  Abstract -- The assessment area is located in north-central Oregon within the semi-arid Columbia Plateau and the Lower John Day River Basin. The assessment area occupies the southeastern portion of Sherman ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Pine Hollow - Jackknife Creek Watershed Assessment Abstract -- The assessment area is located in north-central Oregon within the semi-arid Columbia Plateau and the Lower John Day River Basin. The assessment area occupies the southeastern portion of Sherman County and part of the northeastern portion of Wasco County, beginning southeast of the town of Grass Valley and including the towns of Kent and Shaniko. The watershed assessment area is sparsely populated, with an average population density of less than one person per square mile in Sherman County and two per square mile in Wasco County (U.S. Census Bureau 2010). All of the streams within the Pine Hollow – Jackknife Creek watershed assessment area drain into the Lower John Day River, and the river is the eastern border of the assessment area. The 8,000 square mile John Day Basin is the fourth largest basin in the state. The main stem of the John Day River originates in the Blue Mountains southeast of Prairie City, Oregon, and flows generally westward then northward for approximately 284 miles before discharging into the Columbia River at River Mile (RM) 218, just east of the town of Rufus, Oregon. Title: Pine Hollow - Jackknife Creek Watershed Assessment Abstract -- The assessment area is located in north-central Oregon within the semi-arid Columbia Plateau and the Lower John Day River Basin. The assessment area occupies the southeastern portion of Sherman County and part of the northeastern portion of Wasco County, beginning southeast of the town of Grass Valley and including the towns of Kent and Shaniko. The watershed assessment area is sparsely populated, with an average population density of less than one person per square mile in Sherman County and two per square mile in Wasco County (U.S. Census Bureau 2010). All of the streams within the Pine Hollow – Jackknife Creek watershed assessment area drain into the Lower John Day River, and the river is the eastern border of the assessment area. The 8,000 square mile John Day Basin is the fourth largest basin in the state. The main stem of the John Day River originates in the Blue Mountains southeast of Prairie City, Oregon, and flows generally westward then northward for approximately 284 miles before discharging into the Columbia River at River Mile (RM) 218, just east of the town of Rufus, Oregon. Close

• 63. [Article] Bridge Creek Watershed Assessment

  Abstract -- Bridge Creek, a tributary of the John Day River, is located in Wheeler County in North Eastern Oregon. The Bridge Creek watershed drains a total of 269 square miles and contains 69 miles of ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Bridge Creek Watershed Assessment Abstract -- Bridge Creek, a tributary of the John Day River, is located in Wheeler County in North Eastern Oregon. The Bridge Creek watershed drains a total of 269 square miles and contains 69 miles of summer steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss) spawning habitat. Wheeler Soil and Water Conservation District (SWCD) staff surveyed 23.6 miles of the mainstem of Bridge Creek during the summer of 2013. The data from this survey was entered into a spatially referenced geodatabase of the stream channel. The purpose of this reach evaluation is to identify the severity of the limiting factors on a reach by reach basis and create an interactive GIS framework with the purpose of improving the effectiveness of restoration work conducted within the Bridge Creek watershed. Resource Specialists Inc. was commissioned to analyze the data and examine trends within the watershed. The results of the analysis are contained within this report. Steelhead are currently listed as a threatened species. The overall health of the steelhead population in the middle Columbia River along with limiting factors and guidelines for recovery were detailed in "Conservation and Recovery Plan for Oregon Steelhead Populations in the Middle Columbia River Steelhead Distinct Population Segment," henceforth referred to as the "Mid-C Recovery Plan." Title: Bridge Creek Watershed Assessment Abstract -- Bridge Creek, a tributary of the John Day River, is located in Wheeler County in North Eastern Oregon. The Bridge Creek watershed drains a total of 269 square miles and contains 69 miles of summer steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss) spawning habitat. Wheeler Soil and Water Conservation District (SWCD) staff surveyed 23.6 miles of the mainstem of Bridge Creek during the summer of 2013. The data from this survey was entered into a spatially referenced geodatabase of the stream channel. The purpose of this reach evaluation is to identify the severity of the limiting factors on a reach by reach basis and create an interactive GIS framework with the purpose of improving the effectiveness of restoration work conducted within the Bridge Creek watershed. Resource Specialists Inc. was commissioned to analyze the data and examine trends within the watershed. The results of the analysis are contained within this report. Steelhead are currently listed as a threatened species. The overall health of the steelhead population in the middle Columbia River along with limiting factors and guidelines for recovery were detailed in "Conservation and Recovery Plan for Oregon Steelhead Populations in the Middle Columbia River Steelhead Distinct Population Segment," henceforth referred to as the "Mid-C Recovery Plan." Close

• 64. [Article] Aquatic Monitoring Program 2002-2003 Report

  Abstract -- The Applegate River Watershed Council (ARWC), a non-profit, 501(c)3 organization located in southern Oregon has been monitoring water quality, temperature, biological and physical aspects in ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Aquatic Monitoring Program 2002-2003 Report Abstract -- The Applegate River Watershed Council (ARWC), a non-profit, 501(c)3 organization located in southern Oregon has been monitoring water quality, temperature, biological and physical aspects in the Applegate since 1997. The data collected by ARWC staff has established baseline conditions and allowed for water quality trend analysis in the 493,000-acre Applegate watershed located in the Rogue River Basin. Topics include Water Quality Monitoring, Water Temperature, Water Chemistry, Stream Flow Monitoring, Biological Monitoring, Little Applegate Stream Habitat And Enhancement Program, Snorkel Surveys, Steelhead Spawning Surveys, Lamprey Study, Physical Monitoring, Slate And Waters Creeks Cross Sections, Sediment And Heat Source Study In The Upper Applegate Watershed, Thompson Creek Habitat Survey, and Monitoring Program Summary. Title: Aquatic Monitoring Program 2002-2003 Report Abstract -- The Applegate River Watershed Council (ARWC), a non-profit, 501(c)3 organization located in southern Oregon has been monitoring water quality, temperature, biological and physical aspects in the Applegate since 1997. The data collected by ARWC staff has established baseline conditions and allowed for water quality trend analysis in the 493,000-acre Applegate watershed located in the Rogue River Basin. Topics include Water Quality Monitoring, Water Temperature, Water Chemistry, Stream Flow Monitoring, Biological Monitoring, Little Applegate Stream Habitat And Enhancement Program, Snorkel Surveys, Steelhead Spawning Surveys, Lamprey Study, Physical Monitoring, Slate And Waters Creeks Cross Sections, Sediment And Heat Source Study In The Upper Applegate Watershed, Thompson Creek Habitat Survey, and Monitoring Program Summary. Close

• 65. [Article] Lower Coast Fork Willamette River Watershed Assessment

  Abstract -- This watershed assessment of the lower Coast Fork Willamette (from the confluence with the Row River downstream to the confluence with the Middle Fork Willamette River) includes chapters on ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Lower Coast Fork Willamette River Watershed Assessment Abstract -- This watershed assessment of the lower Coast Fork Willamette (from the confluence with the Row River downstream to the confluence with the Middle Fork Willamette River) includes chapters on land ownership; history and geology; hydrology and water use; channel habitat types; riparian zone conditions; wetland types, distribution and functions; sediment sources; water quality; stream channel modifications; fish populations and habitat; references; and numerous tables and charts. Existing information was supplemented by a Council-sponsored stream habitat inventory in some areas. The associated maps are in a separate pdf file. 87 pp. Title: Lower Coast Fork Willamette River Watershed Assessment Abstract -- This watershed assessment of the lower Coast Fork Willamette (from the confluence with the Row River downstream to the confluence with the Middle Fork Willamette River) includes chapters on land ownership; history and geology; hydrology and water use; channel habitat types; riparian zone conditions; wetland types, distribution and functions; sediment sources; water quality; stream channel modifications; fish populations and habitat; references; and numerous tables and charts. Existing information was supplemented by a Council-sponsored stream habitat inventory in some areas. The associated maps are in a separate pdf file. 87 pp. Close

• 66. [Article] Bakeoven (Deschutes) Watershed Assessment, 2005

  Abstract -- The headwaters of the Bakeoven Watershed are located in the Shaniko area in southern Wasco County, east of the Deschutes River at elevations just above 3,200 feet. Bakeoven Creek flows to the ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Bakeoven (Deschutes) Watershed Assessment, 2005 Abstract -- The headwaters of the Bakeoven Watershed are located in the Shaniko area in southern Wasco County, east of the Deschutes River at elevations just above 3,200 feet. Bakeoven Creek flows to the Deschutes River at Maupin City Park. Chapters include historic conditions, stream channels, fish and fish habitat, hydrology, riparian conditions, wetlands, road network, water quality, wildlife and wildlife habitat, economic impacts of conservation, summary of issues and recommendations, Bakeoven Action Plan, watershed council goals and objectives, glossary, and references. Numerous tables, figures, and maps summarize data collections. 97 pp. Title: Bakeoven (Deschutes) Watershed Assessment, 2005 Abstract -- The headwaters of the Bakeoven Watershed are located in the Shaniko area in southern Wasco County, east of the Deschutes River at elevations just above 3,200 feet. Bakeoven Creek flows to the Deschutes River at Maupin City Park. Chapters include historic conditions, stream channels, fish and fish habitat, hydrology, riparian conditions, wetlands, road network, water quality, wildlife and wildlife habitat, economic impacts of conservation, summary of issues and recommendations, Bakeoven Action Plan, watershed council goals and objectives, glossary, and references. Numerous tables, figures, and maps summarize data collections. 97 pp. Close

• 67. [Article] OWEB Grant Number 208-2084 Project Completion Report - PUR Monitoring

  Abstract -- While it is assumed that habitat enhancement and fish passage improvements increase fish production, there is little empirical data to support that claim in the Umpqua Basin. The Umpqua District ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: OWEB Grant Number 208-2084 Project Completion Report - PUR Monitoring Abstract -- While it is assumed that habitat enhancement and fish passage improvements increase fish production, there is little empirical data to support that claim in the Umpqua Basin. The Umpqua District has used smolt traps in the past to both establish a baseline record and to attempt to determine any response to habitat enhancement (Brush, Hinkle, and Big Tom Folley Creeks). Brush Creek and Big Tom Folley were originally chosen as monitoring sites since they are similar in characteristics, and Brush was originally the treatment stream for restoration projects while Big Tom Folley was used as the control until later projects occurred. Currently, there are PUR habitat enhancement projects scheduled to take place within the Little Wolf Creek and Wolf Creek basins. In order to gain more insight as to whether restoration efforts improve fish populations and address limiting factors, baseline and post treatment surveys will be needed. Restoration that is planned in Wolf and Little Wolf Creeks in 2008 and 2009 provides a unique opportunity to examine stream and fish responses to log-only and boulder-only instream placements. Pre-treatment data exists on these streams for smolt outmigration, summer habitat, spawning adults, summer seeding, channel cross-sections and temperature. ODFW has been collecting smolt out-migration data at five sites in the Upper Umpqua and Elk Creek watersheds almost continuously for 15 years to monitor yearly trends and to calculate over-winter survival rates of coho and steelhead. This OWEB grant will add to this baseline data and provide funding to continue past monitoring and add new monitoring components. Continuous smolt trap data from Brush, Big Tom Folley, and Hinkle Creeks is important to future efforts to monitor watershed health. Extensive habitat enhancement and fish inventories have been completed within the Hinkle Creek, Brush Creek and Big Tom Folley Creek basins. The Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife (ODFW) Umpqua Watershed District joined with the Partnership for the Umpqua Rivers (PUR) in an effort to continue ongoing juvenile monitoring within the Umpqua Basin. Since little is known about stream-specific limiting factors and fish production response to various habitat restoration treatments such as log or boulder placement, these long term data sets will help to understand the fish response aspect related to or resulting from habitat restoration projects. Title: OWEB Grant Number 208-2084 Project Completion Report - PUR Monitoring Abstract -- While it is assumed that habitat enhancement and fish passage improvements increase fish production, there is little empirical data to support that claim in the Umpqua Basin. The Umpqua District has used smolt traps in the past to both establish a baseline record and to attempt to determine any response to habitat enhancement (Brush, Hinkle, and Big Tom Folley Creeks). Brush Creek and Big Tom Folley were originally chosen as monitoring sites since they are similar in characteristics, and Brush was originally the treatment stream for restoration projects while Big Tom Folley was used as the control until later projects occurred. Currently, there are PUR habitat enhancement projects scheduled to take place within the Little Wolf Creek and Wolf Creek basins. In order to gain more insight as to whether restoration efforts improve fish populations and address limiting factors, baseline and post treatment surveys will be needed. Restoration that is planned in Wolf and Little Wolf Creeks in 2008 and 2009 provides a unique opportunity to examine stream and fish responses to log-only and boulder-only instream placements. Pre-treatment data exists on these streams for smolt outmigration, summer habitat, spawning adults, summer seeding, channel cross-sections and temperature. ODFW has been collecting smolt out-migration data at five sites in the Upper Umpqua and Elk Creek watersheds almost continuously for 15 years to monitor yearly trends and to calculate over-winter survival rates of coho and steelhead. This OWEB grant will add to this baseline data and provide funding to continue past monitoring and add new monitoring components. Continuous smolt trap data from Brush, Big Tom Folley, and Hinkle Creeks is important to future efforts to monitor watershed health. Extensive habitat enhancement and fish inventories have been completed within the Hinkle Creek, Brush Creek and Big Tom Folley Creek basins. The Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife (ODFW) Umpqua Watershed District joined with the Partnership for the Umpqua Rivers (PUR) in an effort to continue ongoing juvenile monitoring within the Umpqua Basin. Since little is known about stream-specific limiting factors and fish production response to various habitat restoration treatments such as log or boulder placement, these long term data sets will help to understand the fish response aspect related to or resulting from habitat restoration projects. Close

• 68. [Article] Luckiamute Rapid Bio-Assessment

  Abstract -- The 2011 Rapid Bio-Assessment inventory of the Luckiamute Watershed was a replicate inventory that attempted to target the most productive salmonid habitats in the basin. This was the fourth ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Luckiamute Rapid Bio-Assessment Abstract -- The 2011 Rapid Bio-Assessment inventory of the Luckiamute Watershed was a replicate inventory that attempted to target the most productive salmonid habitats in the basin. This was the fourth consecutive inventory in the basin designed to describe the distribution and relative abundance of coho, cutthroat trout and winter steelhead. The entire basin (214 stream miles) was inventoried in 2008 utilizing the RBA protocol which included many miles of dysfunctional aquatic habitats that currently exhibit deep channel entrenchment, elevated summer temperature profiles and provided limited summer production potential. Survey efforts were reduced to 96.6 stream miles in 2009 and covered only the highest quality habitat reaches. Surveys were further refined in 2010 to a subset of the highest quality habitats (90.2 stream miles) and reduced again in 2011 to 84.6 stream miles. Some streams in the basin were also surveyed in 2002 and 2003 in a separate effort funded by Boise Cascade, the previous owner of the current Forest Capital holdings. These included Beaver, Boulder, Clayton, Cougar, Miller, Pedee, Ritner, Sheythe, West Fork Luckiamute, Wolf, and approximately 7 miles of the upper Luckiamute mainstem. Results and comparisons to those surveys are included below in the Site Specific observations. The intent of the RBA inventory was to gather information on the status of juvenile salmonid summer distributions and summer rearing densities. The inventory consisted of extensive snorkel surveys that began at the mouth of each stream and continued to the end of significant salmonid rearing potential (not to the end of cutthroat distribution). These surveys will be used to develop a base line for understanding how juvenile salmonids are currently utilizing habitats within the basin during summer flow regimes. Replicates of this inventory in high priority stream reaches (streams exhibiting residual system function) will be critical for identifying trends in the distribution and abundance of juvenile coho, steelhead and cutthroat in response to watershed restoration and management. The Rapid Bio-Assessment (RBA) survey method was designed to sub-sample 20 percent of the pool habitats using a Rapid Assay technique that could cover large distances and succeed in describing the current distribution of juvenile salmonids in all of the surveyed streams and their tributaries. Beaver dam frequency was also recorded. Title: Luckiamute Rapid Bio-Assessment Abstract -- The 2011 Rapid Bio-Assessment inventory of the Luckiamute Watershed was a replicate inventory that attempted to target the most productive salmonid habitats in the basin. This was the fourth consecutive inventory in the basin designed to describe the distribution and relative abundance of coho, cutthroat trout and winter steelhead. The entire basin (214 stream miles) was inventoried in 2008 utilizing the RBA protocol which included many miles of dysfunctional aquatic habitats that currently exhibit deep channel entrenchment, elevated summer temperature profiles and provided limited summer production potential. Survey efforts were reduced to 96.6 stream miles in 2009 and covered only the highest quality habitat reaches. Surveys were further refined in 2010 to a subset of the highest quality habitats (90.2 stream miles) and reduced again in 2011 to 84.6 stream miles. Some streams in the basin were also surveyed in 2002 and 2003 in a separate effort funded by Boise Cascade, the previous owner of the current Forest Capital holdings. These included Beaver, Boulder, Clayton, Cougar, Miller, Pedee, Ritner, Sheythe, West Fork Luckiamute, Wolf, and approximately 7 miles of the upper Luckiamute mainstem. Results and comparisons to those surveys are included below in the Site Specific observations. The intent of the RBA inventory was to gather information on the status of juvenile salmonid summer distributions and summer rearing densities. The inventory consisted of extensive snorkel surveys that began at the mouth of each stream and continued to the end of significant salmonid rearing potential (not to the end of cutthroat distribution). These surveys will be used to develop a base line for understanding how juvenile salmonids are currently utilizing habitats within the basin during summer flow regimes. Replicates of this inventory in high priority stream reaches (streams exhibiting residual system function) will be critical for identifying trends in the distribution and abundance of juvenile coho, steelhead and cutthroat in response to watershed restoration and management. The Rapid Bio-Assessment (RBA) survey method was designed to sub-sample 20 percent of the pool habitats using a Rapid Assay technique that could cover large distances and succeed in describing the current distribution of juvenile salmonids in all of the surveyed streams and their tributaries. Beaver dam frequency was also recorded. Close

• 69. [Article] Oregon South Coast Estuaries: Hunter Creek, Pistol River, Chetco River, & Winchuck River Tidal Wetlands Assessment (2012-2015)

  Abstract -- Although tidal wetlands on the Oregon South Coast are limited in extent, they may be particularly valuable for a variety of wetland functions. This assessment combines the Brophy (2007) and ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Oregon South Coast Estuaries: Hunter Creek, Pistol River, Chetco River, & Winchuck River Tidal Wetlands Assessment (2012-2015) Abstract -- Although tidal wetlands on the Oregon South Coast are limited in extent, they may be particularly valuable for a variety of wetland functions. This assessment combines the Brophy (2007) and Adamus (2005) approaches to quantify the extent and causes of habitat loss and hydrogeomorphic changes in tidal wetlands of four Oregon South Coast Estuaries. The potential for restoring critical habitat and wetland functions is ranked using Ecological Prioritization Criteria (Brophy, 2007), while indicators of function, risk, and integrity are evaluated using scoring models from the Adamus (2005) Hydrogeomorphic (HGM) Rapid Assessment Method. The extent of inundation (head of tide) during King Tide conditions was observed and documented by staff and volunteers. Field measurements of salinity concentrations and stratification during high and low flow were tabulated. The historic aerial photo record was examined to detect channel migration, floodplain re-vegetation, and human-caused alterations. Related studies were combined with these observations to provide a summary of estuary hydrology, sedimentation, and channel stability related to wetland establishment and loss in each of the four estuaries. Ecological priority scores (Brophy, 2007) varied with wetland size, tidal channel condition, connectivity, and diversity of vegetation classes. Wetlands were categorized as restoration or conservation types, and priority ranks for wetlands were depicted on orthophoto base maps. Tidal wetlands and nearby floodplain wetlands in a variety of geomorphic settings were surveyed using the HGM protocol, including one “reference” and one restoration site . The HGM survey scores 55 indicators, including botanical transects, used to rank wetland functions (calculated by indicator scoring models). Risks to wetlands include human disturbances in close proximity to the wetlands and floodplains, resulting from the narrow valley floors in this tectonically active region. Wetland integrity is threatened by a surprising large proportion of non-native species in the botanical transects, 40%. Wetland indicators that scored low, and could be restored or enhanced, are discussed in a restoration considerations narrative. Wetland descriptions include lists of plant species, grouped by wetland status, native/non-native, and perennial/annual persistence. In addition to the HGM scores, an analysis of cover and diversity of all plant species in plots, off-transect species diversity, and waterfowl food distribution was completed using a wetland vegetation database developed for the Oregon South Coast. Title: Oregon South Coast Estuaries: Hunter Creek, Pistol River, Chetco River, & Winchuck River Tidal Wetlands Assessment (2012-2015) Abstract -- Although tidal wetlands on the Oregon South Coast are limited in extent, they may be particularly valuable for a variety of wetland functions. This assessment combines the Brophy (2007) and Adamus (2005) approaches to quantify the extent and causes of habitat loss and hydrogeomorphic changes in tidal wetlands of four Oregon South Coast Estuaries. The potential for restoring critical habitat and wetland functions is ranked using Ecological Prioritization Criteria (Brophy, 2007), while indicators of function, risk, and integrity are evaluated using scoring models from the Adamus (2005) Hydrogeomorphic (HGM) Rapid Assessment Method. The extent of inundation (head of tide) during King Tide conditions was observed and documented by staff and volunteers. Field measurements of salinity concentrations and stratification during high and low flow were tabulated. The historic aerial photo record was examined to detect channel migration, floodplain re-vegetation, and human-caused alterations. Related studies were combined with these observations to provide a summary of estuary hydrology, sedimentation, and channel stability related to wetland establishment and loss in each of the four estuaries. Ecological priority scores (Brophy, 2007) varied with wetland size, tidal channel condition, connectivity, and diversity of vegetation classes. Wetlands were categorized as restoration or conservation types, and priority ranks for wetlands were depicted on orthophoto base maps. Tidal wetlands and nearby floodplain wetlands in a variety of geomorphic settings were surveyed using the HGM protocol, including one “reference” and one restoration site . The HGM survey scores 55 indicators, including botanical transects, used to rank wetland functions (calculated by indicator scoring models). Risks to wetlands include human disturbances in close proximity to the wetlands and floodplains, resulting from the narrow valley floors in this tectonically active region. Wetland integrity is threatened by a surprising large proportion of non-native species in the botanical transects, 40%. Wetland indicators that scored low, and could be restored or enhanced, are discussed in a restoration considerations narrative. Wetland descriptions include lists of plant species, grouped by wetland status, native/non-native, and perennial/annual persistence. In addition to the HGM scores, an analysis of cover and diversity of all plant species in plots, off-transect species diversity, and waterfowl food distribution was completed using a wetland vegetation database developed for the Oregon South Coast. Close

• 70. [Article] Euchre Wood PE Report 2013

  Abstract -- Rapid bio-assessment juvenile snorkel surveys were completed in 2005, 2007, 2009, 2011, and 2013 as part of a long term data set on the mainstem of Euchre Creek. The 2005 survey captured pre-implementation ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Euchre Wood PE Report 2013 Abstract -- Rapid bio-assessment juvenile snorkel surveys were completed in 2005, 2007, 2009, 2011, and 2013 as part of a long term data set on the mainstem of Euchre Creek. The 2005 survey captured pre-implementation conditions on a large wood placement project reach. The results of these surveys are summarized in the attached report. Title: Euchre Wood PE Report 2013 Abstract -- Rapid bio-assessment juvenile snorkel surveys were completed in 2005, 2007, 2009, 2011, and 2013 as part of a long term data set on the mainstem of Euchre Creek. The 2005 survey captured pre-implementation conditions on a large wood placement project reach. The results of these surveys are summarized in the attached report. Close

• 71. [Article] Morton Creek AIP Report-2008 & 2012

  Abstract -- In 2009 the Curry Soil and Water Conservation District (District), the South Coast Watershed Council (Council), and their partners, undertook a channel relocation project on lower Morton Creek ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Morton Creek AIP Report-2008 & 2012 Abstract -- In 2009 the Curry Soil and Water Conservation District (District), the South Coast Watershed Council (Council), and their partners, undertook a channel relocation project on lower Morton Creek that replaced 0.5 miles of ditched stream channel with 0.6 miles of newly constructed, designed stream channel. To evaluate the effectiveness of the project the District and Council conducted pre and post stream habitat surveys using the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife’s (ODFW) Aquatic Inventory Project (AIP) protocol. This report is a comparison of the results of those surveys. Title: Morton Creek AIP Report-2008 & 2012 Abstract -- In 2009 the Curry Soil and Water Conservation District (District), the South Coast Watershed Council (Council), and their partners, undertook a channel relocation project on lower Morton Creek that replaced 0.5 miles of ditched stream channel with 0.6 miles of newly constructed, designed stream channel. To evaluate the effectiveness of the project the District and Council conducted pre and post stream habitat surveys using the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife’s (ODFW) Aquatic Inventory Project (AIP) protocol. This report is a comparison of the results of those surveys. Close

• 72. [Article] Butte Creek AIP Report 2008 & 2012

  Abstract -- In 2009 the Curry Soil and Water Conservation District (District), the South Coast Watershed Council (Council), and their partners, undertook a channel relocation project on lower Morton Creek ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Butte Creek AIP Report 2008 & 2012 Abstract -- In 2009 the Curry Soil and Water Conservation District (District), the South Coast Watershed Council (Council), and their partners, undertook a channel relocation project on lower Morton Creek that replaced 0.5 miles of ditched stream channel with 0.6 miles of newly constructed, designed stream channel. To evaluate the effectiveness of the project the District and Council conducted pre and post stream habitat surveys using the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife’s (ODFW) Aquatic Inventory Project (AIP) protocol. This report is a comparison of the results of those surveys. Title: Butte Creek AIP Report 2008 & 2012 Abstract -- In 2009 the Curry Soil and Water Conservation District (District), the South Coast Watershed Council (Council), and their partners, undertook a channel relocation project on lower Morton Creek that replaced 0.5 miles of ditched stream channel with 0.6 miles of newly constructed, designed stream channel. To evaluate the effectiveness of the project the District and Council conducted pre and post stream habitat surveys using the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife’s (ODFW) Aquatic Inventory Project (AIP) protocol. This report is a comparison of the results of those surveys. Close

• 73. [Article] Curry SWCD coho spawning winter 2012_13

  Abstract -- Salmonid spawning surveys were conducted in the winter of 2012-13 on 36 stream reaches within 26 streams.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Curry SWCD coho spawning winter 2012_13 Abstract -- Salmonid spawning surveys were conducted in the winter of 2012-13 on 36 stream reaches within 26 streams. Title: Curry SWCD coho spawning winter 2012_13 Abstract -- Salmonid spawning surveys were conducted in the winter of 2012-13 on 36 stream reaches within 26 streams. Close

• 74. [Article] Curry SWCD coho spawning winter 2013_14

  Abstract -- Salmonid spawning surveys were conducted in the winter of 2013-14 on 24 stream reaches in 14 streams.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Curry SWCD coho spawning winter 2013_14 Abstract -- Salmonid spawning surveys were conducted in the winter of 2013-14 on 24 stream reaches in 14 streams. Title: Curry SWCD coho spawning winter 2013_14 Abstract -- Salmonid spawning surveys were conducted in the winter of 2013-14 on 24 stream reaches in 14 streams. Close

• 75. [Article] Automated information retrieval systems for legal research

  Purpose. This study of automated information retrieval systems was undertaken to attempt to ascertain the extent and development of a total legal information system. Overview. Historically, lawyers have ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Automated information retrieval systems for legal research Author: Baylor, Robert G. Year: 1970 Purpose. This study of automated information retrieval systems was undertaken to attempt to ascertain the extent and development of a total legal information system. Overview. Historically, lawyers have searched the statutes and case law in the traditionally manual method. Given consistent high standards of editing, not too complex materials, and a collection of manageable size, this manual method will work to reasonable satisfaction, so long as a document never changes in meaning or significance. Lawyers point out that the present manual system is inadequate because with 30,000 new judicial decisions and 15,000 new statutes being promulgated each year it is becoming increasingly difficult to search the law. Methodology. The writer surveyed a selected sample of legal firms to determine the methods or aids used in the area of major management concern: (1) word processing, (2) bookkeeping, (3) timekeeping, (4) library, (5) filing, and (6) legal research. Correspondence and interviews revealed that only five firms are using a mechanical search system, while only one firm was on-line with a computer legal research system. Because law firms began addressing themselves to administrative problems only since 1960 it was necessary to make an investigation of the literature to develop an information base for this study. The proceedings of national law office management seminars were studied. Interviews were held with law firm managers, interested lawyers, the Chief Clerk of the Supreme Court of Oregon, the Administrator for the Oregon Justice Department, and computer and accounting system salesmen. Discussion. The use of the computer as the tool to use in a system for automated information retrieval for legal research was first demonstrated in 1960 at the American Bar Association's Annual Meeting in Washington, D. C. Several experiments and studies conducted since that time are discussed in this study. Two new systems seem to offer significant promise for automated legal searches, (1) the OBAR System, and (2) the Aspen System. Each is computer-oriented and offers full text ("word for word") searches. Resistance by lawyers to use an automated legal research system is expected due to professional conservatism. Recommendations and Conclusion. Law firms must continue upgrading their administrative functions in order to be ready for a sophisticated automated information retrieval system. A national organization such as the American Bar Association will have to organize a joint effort for implementation of a full information system. Law school curriculum will have to include a study of system analysis and computer technology. Law firms will have to develop a new concept of organization and work habits will need to be changed. The use of automated information retrieval systems for legal research will make lawyers more efficient and more profitable, without the need to increase client fees. Title: Automated information retrieval systems for legal research Author: Baylor, Robert G. Year: 1970 Purpose. This study of automated information retrieval systems was undertaken to attempt to ascertain the extent and development of a total legal information system. Overview. Historically, lawyers have searched the statutes and case law in the traditionally manual method. Given consistent high standards of editing, not too complex materials, and a collection of manageable size, this manual method will work to reasonable satisfaction, so long as a document never changes in meaning or significance. Lawyers point out that the present manual system is inadequate because with 30,000 new judicial decisions and 15,000 new statutes being promulgated each year it is becoming increasingly difficult to search the law. Methodology. The writer surveyed a selected sample of legal firms to determine the methods or aids used in the area of major management concern: (1) word processing, (2) bookkeeping, (3) timekeeping, (4) library, (5) filing, and (6) legal research. Correspondence and interviews revealed that only five firms are using a mechanical search system, while only one firm was on-line with a computer legal research system. Because law firms began addressing themselves to administrative problems only since 1960 it was necessary to make an investigation of the literature to develop an information base for this study. The proceedings of national law office management seminars were studied. Interviews were held with law firm managers, interested lawyers, the Chief Clerk of the Supreme Court of Oregon, the Administrator for the Oregon Justice Department, and computer and accounting system salesmen. Discussion. The use of the computer as the tool to use in a system for automated information retrieval for legal research was first demonstrated in 1960 at the American Bar Association's Annual Meeting in Washington, D. C. Several experiments and studies conducted since that time are discussed in this study. Two new systems seem to offer significant promise for automated legal searches, (1) the OBAR System, and (2) the Aspen System. Each is computer-oriented and offers full text ("word for word") searches. Resistance by lawyers to use an automated legal research system is expected due to professional conservatism. Recommendations and Conclusion. Law firms must continue upgrading their administrative functions in order to be ready for a sophisticated automated information retrieval system. A national organization such as the American Bar Association will have to organize a joint effort for implementation of a full information system. Law school curriculum will have to include a study of system analysis and computer technology. Law firms will have to develop a new concept of organization and work habits will need to be changed. The use of automated information retrieval systems for legal research will make lawyers more efficient and more profitable, without the need to increase client fees. Close

• 76. [Article] Map-based Probabilistic Infinite Slope Analysis of the Stephens Creek Watershed, Portland, Oregon

  The Stephens Creek Watershed in southwest Portland, Oregon was chosen by the city as a pilot project for urban stream restoration efforts, and the infiltration of stormwater was identified as a potential ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Map-based Probabilistic Infinite Slope Analysis of the Stephens Creek Watershed, Portland, Oregon Author: Cole, Ryan Andrew Year: 2013 The Stephens Creek Watershed in southwest Portland, Oregon was chosen by the city as a pilot project for urban stream restoration efforts, and the infiltration of stormwater was identified as a potential restoration strategy. The Stephens Creek Watershed has historically been known to be unstable during high precipitation events (Burns, 1996), and the need to address the response of slope stability to anthropogenically-driven changing groundwater conditions is the focus of this study. Airborne light detection and ranging (LiDAR) and geotechnical data from the City of Portland were employed to create a high resolution (0.84 m2) physics-based probabilistic slope stability model for this watershed, using the map-based probabilistic infinite slope analysis program PISA-m (Haneberg, 2007). Best and worst case models were run using fully dry and fully saturated soil conditions, respectively. Model results indicate that 96.3% of the watershed area had a probability [less than or equal to] 0.25 that the slope factor of safety (FOS) was [less than or equal to] 1 for fully dry conditions, compared to 76.4% for fully saturated conditions. Areas that had a probability [greater than or equal to] 0.25 that the slope factor of safety (FOS) was [less than or equal to] 1 were found to occur mainly along cut/fill slopes as well as within the deeply incised canyons of Stephens Creek and its tributaries. An infiltration avoidance map was derived to define areas that appear to be unsuitable for infiltration. Based on these results, it is recommended that stormwater continues to be directed to existing sewer infrastructure and that the "storm water disconnect" restoration approach not be used by the city. Title: Map-based Probabilistic Infinite Slope Analysis of the Stephens Creek Watershed, Portland, Oregon Author: Cole, Ryan Andrew Year: 2013 The Stephens Creek Watershed in southwest Portland, Oregon was chosen by the city as a pilot project for urban stream restoration efforts, and the infiltration of stormwater was identified as a potential restoration strategy. The Stephens Creek Watershed has historically been known to be unstable during high precipitation events (Burns, 1996), and the need to address the response of slope stability to anthropogenically-driven changing groundwater conditions is the focus of this study. Airborne light detection and ranging (LiDAR) and geotechnical data from the City of Portland were employed to create a high resolution (0.84 m2) physics-based probabilistic slope stability model for this watershed, using the map-based probabilistic infinite slope analysis program PISA-m (Haneberg, 2007). Best and worst case models were run using fully dry and fully saturated soil conditions, respectively. Model results indicate that 96.3% of the watershed area had a probability [less than or equal to] 0.25 that the slope factor of safety (FOS) was [less than or equal to] 1 for fully dry conditions, compared to 76.4% for fully saturated conditions. Areas that had a probability [greater than or equal to] 0.25 that the slope factor of safety (FOS) was [less than or equal to] 1 were found to occur mainly along cut/fill slopes as well as within the deeply incised canyons of Stephens Creek and its tributaries. An infiltration avoidance map was derived to define areas that appear to be unsuitable for infiltration. Based on these results, it is recommended that stormwater continues to be directed to existing sewer infrastructure and that the "storm water disconnect" restoration approach not be used by the city. Close

• 77. [Article] Stream-Associated Amphibian Habitat Assessment in the Portland-Vancouver Metropolitan Region

  This study assessed the influence of landscape development on stream-associated amphibians in forested riparian areas within the Portland-Vancouver metropolitan region. Human alteration of landscapes may ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Stream-Associated Amphibian Habitat Assessment in the Portland-Vancouver Metropolitan Region Author: Dietrich, Andrew Evans Year: 2012 This study assessed the influence of landscape development on stream-associated amphibians in forested riparian areas within the Portland-Vancouver metropolitan region. Human alteration of landscapes may dramatically affect the ecology of neighboring aquatic systems. It was hypothesized that lotic amphibians would be negatively associated with greater amounts of landscape development and positively associated with forested area within the surrounding watershed. Thirty-seven 1st-3rd order streams were sampled between June 21st and September 21st in 2011. Streams potentially providing adequate habitat for stream-obligate amphibians were randomly selected. Amphibians were surveyed along 30-meter stream transects using an active-cover search (ACS). Environmental variables associated with development in surrounding landscapes were measured in situ. GIS delineation was conducted to define landscape-scale variables at stratified distances from riparian networks up-stream of each site via the utilization of the 2006 NLCD dataset and a finer-scale, regional dataset compiled by the Institute for Natural Resources (INR). Amphibians were detected at seventeen of the thirty-seven sampled streams. The most commonly detected species were Dicamptadon tenebrosus, Plethadon vehiculum and Plethadon dunni. Streams where amphibians were observed had lower average water temperature and conductivity, coarser stream substrate and were located on public property more often than streams where no amphibians were detected. Landscape variables were most significant to amphibians within 100 and 200 meters of the upstream stream network. Occupancy of a site by facultative species was best explained by the proportion of mixed forest in the surrounding watershed (R2=0.343, p<0.001). Occupancy of a stream by obligate species was best predicted by measurements of water quality and in-stream cover (Water Temperature: R2=0.275, p<0.001; Water Conductivity: R2=0.248, p<0.001; Cover: R2=0.323, p<0.001). Occupancy of stream refugia by all observed amphibians was positively influenced by higher percentages of forest cover and lower percentages of urban development and herbaceous vegetation in the surrounding watershed. Results of this study indicate that urban refugia must contain adequate riparian forest area, coarse stream substrate and clean, cool water to sustain stream-amphibian communities. Protection of remnant forested headwater stream networks is essential to the conservation of lotic amphibians in this urbanized region. Title: Stream-Associated Amphibian Habitat Assessment in the Portland-Vancouver Metropolitan Region Author: Dietrich, Andrew Evans Year: 2012 This study assessed the influence of landscape development on stream-associated amphibians in forested riparian areas within the Portland-Vancouver metropolitan region. Human alteration of landscapes may dramatically affect the ecology of neighboring aquatic systems. It was hypothesized that lotic amphibians would be negatively associated with greater amounts of landscape development and positively associated with forested area within the surrounding watershed. Thirty-seven 1st-3rd order streams were sampled between June 21st and September 21st in 2011. Streams potentially providing adequate habitat for stream-obligate amphibians were randomly selected. Amphibians were surveyed along 30-meter stream transects using an active-cover search (ACS). Environmental variables associated with development in surrounding landscapes were measured in situ. GIS delineation was conducted to define landscape-scale variables at stratified distances from riparian networks up-stream of each site via the utilization of the 2006 NLCD dataset and a finer-scale, regional dataset compiled by the Institute for Natural Resources (INR). Amphibians were detected at seventeen of the thirty-seven sampled streams. The most commonly detected species were Dicamptadon tenebrosus, Plethadon vehiculum and Plethadon dunni. Streams where amphibians were observed had lower average water temperature and conductivity, coarser stream substrate and were located on public property more often than streams where no amphibians were detected. Landscape variables were most significant to amphibians within 100 and 200 meters of the upstream stream network. Occupancy of a site by facultative species was best explained by the proportion of mixed forest in the surrounding watershed (R2=0.343, p<0.001). Occupancy of a stream by obligate species was best predicted by measurements of water quality and in-stream cover (Water Temperature: R2=0.275, p<0.001; Water Conductivity: R2=0.248, p<0.001; Cover: R2=0.323, p<0.001). Occupancy of stream refugia by all observed amphibians was positively influenced by higher percentages of forest cover and lower percentages of urban development and herbaceous vegetation in the surrounding watershed. Results of this study indicate that urban refugia must contain adequate riparian forest area, coarse stream substrate and clean, cool water to sustain stream-amphibian communities. Protection of remnant forested headwater stream networks is essential to the conservation of lotic amphibians in this urbanized region. Close

• 78. [Article] Evaluating the Effects of Road Crossing Structures on Stream-Associated Amphibians in the Wilson River Watershed, Tillamook State Forest, Oregon

  As replacement and removal of undersized culverts gains momentum as an effective technique for restoring natural stream flows and removing fish passage barriers, it is important to evaluate the benefits ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Evaluating the Effects of Road Crossing Structures on Stream-Associated Amphibians in the Wilson River Watershed, Tillamook State Forest, Oregon Author: Twitchell, Sara Erin Year: 2013 As replacement and removal of undersized culverts gains momentum as an effective technique for restoring natural stream flows and removing fish passage barriers, it is important to evaluate the benefits of these efforts on the in-stream and adjacent riparian habitat for other species of potential concern. This study compares stream-associated amphibian (SAA) occurrence in streams adjacent to different road crossing structures on unpaved forest roads in the Wilson River watershed located within the Tillamook State Forest, Oregon. Surveys were conducted at road crossing structures for three taxa of SAA; Pacific giant salamander (Dicamptodon tenebrosus), coastal tailed frog (Ascaphus truei), and Columbia torrent salamander (Rhyacotriton kezeri). Statistical models were created to analyze the effect of habitat variables on SAA occupancy, and determine whether those variables changed relative to road crossing structures. Results showed that coastal tailed frog occupancy was positively associated with dissolved oxygen and crayfish presence, negatively associated with longitude, and had a slight quadratic relationship to channel confinement. Because all sites were highly saturated with oxygen, percent dissolved oxygen was likely a surrogate for one or more other covariates, such as in-stream habitat or substrate size. Detection rates of Pacific giant salamander were too high and detection rates of Columbia torrent salamander were too low to provide reliable models, but they did provide some insight into the factors affecting occupancy in the study area, including information about their interactions with road crossing structures. Occupancy rates of Pacific giant salamanders in the study area appear to be unaffected by road crossings, fish passable or otherwise. Conversely, torrent salamanders seemed to be mostly absent from the study sites altogether, but based on the one stream where they were detected, they are not excluded from occupying fish barrier culvert sites. Top weighted habitat covariates, including dissolved oxygen, channel confinement, crayfish and fish presence, and flow constriction are all indicators of disturbance that can be linked to road crossings. Although the size and structure of road crossings did not prove to significantly influence SAA occupancy, indicators of stream disturbance that can be related to road crossings were included in the best models for predicting occupancy, demonstrating the importance of reducing disturbance related to road crossings on streams. Title: Evaluating the Effects of Road Crossing Structures on Stream-Associated Amphibians in the Wilson River Watershed, Tillamook State Forest, Oregon Author: Twitchell, Sara Erin Year: 2013 As replacement and removal of undersized culverts gains momentum as an effective technique for restoring natural stream flows and removing fish passage barriers, it is important to evaluate the benefits of these efforts on the in-stream and adjacent riparian habitat for other species of potential concern. This study compares stream-associated amphibian (SAA) occurrence in streams adjacent to different road crossing structures on unpaved forest roads in the Wilson River watershed located within the Tillamook State Forest, Oregon. Surveys were conducted at road crossing structures for three taxa of SAA; Pacific giant salamander (Dicamptodon tenebrosus), coastal tailed frog (Ascaphus truei), and Columbia torrent salamander (Rhyacotriton kezeri). Statistical models were created to analyze the effect of habitat variables on SAA occupancy, and determine whether those variables changed relative to road crossing structures. Results showed that coastal tailed frog occupancy was positively associated with dissolved oxygen and crayfish presence, negatively associated with longitude, and had a slight quadratic relationship to channel confinement. Because all sites were highly saturated with oxygen, percent dissolved oxygen was likely a surrogate for one or more other covariates, such as in-stream habitat or substrate size. Detection rates of Pacific giant salamander were too high and detection rates of Columbia torrent salamander were too low to provide reliable models, but they did provide some insight into the factors affecting occupancy in the study area, including information about their interactions with road crossing structures. Occupancy rates of Pacific giant salamanders in the study area appear to be unaffected by road crossings, fish passable or otherwise. Conversely, torrent salamanders seemed to be mostly absent from the study sites altogether, but based on the one stream where they were detected, they are not excluded from occupying fish barrier culvert sites. Top weighted habitat covariates, including dissolved oxygen, channel confinement, crayfish and fish presence, and flow constriction are all indicators of disturbance that can be linked to road crossings. Although the size and structure of road crossings did not prove to significantly influence SAA occupancy, indicators of stream disturbance that can be related to road crossings were included in the best models for predicting occupancy, demonstrating the importance of reducing disturbance related to road crossings on streams. Close

• 79. [Article] Orestes A. Brownson: An American Traditionalist

  Orestes A. Brownson was an American journalist who converted to Catholicism in 1844, at the age of forty-one. He had been writing editorials and occasionally managing publications since 1828 in connection ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Orestes A. Brownson: An American Traditionalist Author: Oswald, Marianne Year: 1973 Orestes A. Brownson was an American journalist who converted to Catholicism in 1844, at the age of forty-one. He had been writing editorials and occasionally managing publications since 1828 in connection with religious activities as minister to various sects, Brownson, from the 1830's on, read, reviewed, and kept abreast of European literature concerned with philosophy, social, political, and economic theory. It was assumed that he continued that practice after his conversion in 1844 and that he would enlist the aid of European Catholic theorists to develop an acceptable Catholic system of thought—particularly since American Catholic literature in the mid-nineteenth century was mainly devoid of theoretical works. A brief scanning of Brownson's works written after 1844 revealed the names of several French Catholic writers who were part of a group known as Traditionalists--De Maistre, Bonald, Lamennais, Veuillot, Donoso Cortes, Bonnetty, and others. The problem evolved from this discovery to determine whether Traditionalists had influenced Brownson's Catholic theorizing, and if so, to what extent. The main source of reference for this research problem was the twenty-volume collection Henry Brownson had compiled of his father's Catholic journalistic efforts. Henry Brownson also published a three volume biography of his father, and I obtained the first volume, Early Life. Other biographies on Brownson have been written by Theodore Maynard, Arthur Schlesinger, Jr., and Doran Whalen, which were useful for background material. A variety of articles have been written about Brownson, but none related him to Traditionalism; their usefulness, therefore, was limited. I relied on secondary sources for interpretations of the French Traditionalists: Quinlan's thesis and Cohen's article on Bonald; works from Lively, Greffer, and Koyre on de Maistre; and a variety of French historical surveys. I also consulted materials which would provide background information on the Enlightenment--a necessity since Traditionalists and Brownson continually attacked Enlightenment ideas. I compared the social, political, and economic aspects of Brownson's ideas to those of the Traditionalists. The conclusion arrived at was that Brownson had used Traditionalist theory almost exclusively as a foundation for his own work. Brownson not only displayed ideas similar to the Traditionalists, he featured their exact terminology: "germ of perfection theory", "divine origin of language", and "generative principle of constitution.” He referred to them as the "illustrious Bonald" and "illustrious de Maistre”l and occasionally stated that he was sympathetic to Traditionalist ideas. Brownson's deviation from Traditionalist theory was usually a result of translating French ideas to American society. He was careful to make the point that the ideas he altered remained valid for France, and Traditionalists were essentially correct in their entire assessment of society. Title: Orestes A. Brownson: An American Traditionalist Author: Oswald, Marianne Year: 1973 Orestes A. Brownson was an American journalist who converted to Catholicism in 1844, at the age of forty-one. He had been writing editorials and occasionally managing publications since 1828 in connection with religious activities as minister to various sects, Brownson, from the 1830's on, read, reviewed, and kept abreast of European literature concerned with philosophy, social, political, and economic theory. It was assumed that he continued that practice after his conversion in 1844 and that he would enlist the aid of European Catholic theorists to develop an acceptable Catholic system of thought—particularly since American Catholic literature in the mid-nineteenth century was mainly devoid of theoretical works. A brief scanning of Brownson's works written after 1844 revealed the names of several French Catholic writers who were part of a group known as Traditionalists--De Maistre, Bonald, Lamennais, Veuillot, Donoso Cortes, Bonnetty, and others. The problem evolved from this discovery to determine whether Traditionalists had influenced Brownson's Catholic theorizing, and if so, to what extent. The main source of reference for this research problem was the twenty-volume collection Henry Brownson had compiled of his father's Catholic journalistic efforts. Henry Brownson also published a three volume biography of his father, and I obtained the first volume, Early Life. Other biographies on Brownson have been written by Theodore Maynard, Arthur Schlesinger, Jr., and Doran Whalen, which were useful for background material. A variety of articles have been written about Brownson, but none related him to Traditionalism; their usefulness, therefore, was limited. I relied on secondary sources for interpretations of the French Traditionalists: Quinlan's thesis and Cohen's article on Bonald; works from Lively, Greffer, and Koyre on de Maistre; and a variety of French historical surveys. I also consulted materials which would provide background information on the Enlightenment--a necessity since Traditionalists and Brownson continually attacked Enlightenment ideas. I compared the social, political, and economic aspects of Brownson's ideas to those of the Traditionalists. The conclusion arrived at was that Brownson had used Traditionalist theory almost exclusively as a foundation for his own work. Brownson not only displayed ideas similar to the Traditionalists, he featured their exact terminology: "germ of perfection theory", "divine origin of language", and "generative principle of constitution.” He referred to them as the "illustrious Bonald" and "illustrious de Maistre”l and occasionally stated that he was sympathetic to Traditionalist ideas. Brownson's deviation from Traditionalist theory was usually a result of translating French ideas to American society. He was careful to make the point that the ideas he altered remained valid for France, and Traditionalists were essentially correct in their entire assessment of society. Close

• 80. [Article] English Renaissance Humanist Education

  The following examines the historical development of English education available prior to university entrance in order to discover the impact of humanist ideas on the educational system. The survey of ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: English Renaissance Humanist Education Author: Bjornstad, Lori Ann Year: 1977 The following examines the historical development of English education available prior to university entrance in order to discover the impact of humanist ideas on the educational system. The survey of the structure and theory of pre-university English education begins in the early Middle Ages and continues through the Elizabethan period. Title: English Renaissance Humanist Education Author: Bjornstad, Lori Ann Year: 1977 The following examines the historical development of English education available prior to university entrance in order to discover the impact of humanist ideas on the educational system. The survey of the structure and theory of pre-university English education begins in the early Middle Ages and continues through the Elizabethan period. Close

• 81. [Article] Moving toward integration: a study of theory and practice in feminist therapy

  This thesis describes a study designed to explore the emerging field of feminist therapy. The goal was not to test the validity of feminist therapy, to probe the assumptions on which it is based, or to ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Moving toward integration: a study of theory and practice in feminist therapy Author: Thomas, Susan Amelia Year: 1975 This thesis describes a study designed to explore the emerging field of feminist therapy. The goal was not to test the validity of feminist therapy, to probe the assumptions on which it is based, or to compare it to other forms of therapy but to characterize the theory and practice of feminist therapy as it now exists. Feminist therapy was seen as growing out of the cultural and historical context of the feminist movement, which includes a critique of society with emphasis on the particular psychological consequences for women, and a critique of psychotherapy, particularly Freudian psychotherapy, as oppressive to women and adhering to a double standard of mental health. The field of mental health responded to these criticisms, and feminism simultaneously began a search for alternatives to therapy, Out of both developed feminist therapy. The literature, both in the field and in the alternative press, was reviewed to present a picture of the development of feminist therapy and to highlight issues to pursue in the research itself. Following this review, a study was undertaken of feminist therapists in three metropolitan areas on the West Coast--Portland, Seattle, and the Bay Area--utilizing a qualitative methodology to gather descriptive data and potential patterns for analysis. A natural network approach was utilized to generate the population, following much the same process a woman would go through in locating a feminist therapist. Potential feminist therapists were surveyed via a questionnaire. Self-identification as a feminist therapist was the primary criteria for inclusion in the sample frame. A random sample of 20 percent of the sample frame (20 feminist therapists) was interviewed, and the results transcribed and thematically analyzed to answer five questions: 1) Who are the feminist therapists? 2) How do feminist therapists define feminism? 3) What is feminist therapy? 4) How does feminist therapy perceive and incorporate therapeutic issues? 5) How does feminist therapy perceive and incorporate feminist issues? Title: Moving toward integration: a study of theory and practice in feminist therapy Author: Thomas, Susan Amelia Year: 1975 This thesis describes a study designed to explore the emerging field of feminist therapy. The goal was not to test the validity of feminist therapy, to probe the assumptions on which it is based, or to compare it to other forms of therapy but to characterize the theory and practice of feminist therapy as it now exists. Feminist therapy was seen as growing out of the cultural and historical context of the feminist movement, which includes a critique of society with emphasis on the particular psychological consequences for women, and a critique of psychotherapy, particularly Freudian psychotherapy, as oppressive to women and adhering to a double standard of mental health. The field of mental health responded to these criticisms, and feminism simultaneously began a search for alternatives to therapy, Out of both developed feminist therapy. The literature, both in the field and in the alternative press, was reviewed to present a picture of the development of feminist therapy and to highlight issues to pursue in the research itself. Following this review, a study was undertaken of feminist therapists in three metropolitan areas on the West Coast--Portland, Seattle, and the Bay Area--utilizing a qualitative methodology to gather descriptive data and potential patterns for analysis. A natural network approach was utilized to generate the population, following much the same process a woman would go through in locating a feminist therapist. Potential feminist therapists were surveyed via a questionnaire. Self-identification as a feminist therapist was the primary criteria for inclusion in the sample frame. A random sample of 20 percent of the sample frame (20 feminist therapists) was interviewed, and the results transcribed and thematically analyzed to answer five questions: 1) Who are the feminist therapists? 2) How do feminist therapists define feminism? 3) What is feminist therapy? 4) How does feminist therapy perceive and incorporate therapeutic issues? 5) How does feminist therapy perceive and incorporate feminist issues? Close

• 82. [Article] An Assessment of the Impact of Public Housing on the Low Income Elderly Residents of the Burnside Community

  This study will be a look at housing for Portland's Burnside population with special emphasis on the Foster hotel public housing project. Before housing or any other aspect of Burnside can be intelligently ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: An Assessment of the Impact of Public Housing on the Low Income Elderly Residents of the Burnside Community Author: Jacobs, Timothy C. Year: 1977 This study will be a look at housing for Portland's Burnside population with special emphasis on the Foster hotel public housing project. Before housing or any other aspect of Burnside can be intelligently discussed, it is important to have a realistic historical and contemporary understanding of the Burnside community. The second chapter of this study is designed to provide that understanding. The third chapter surveys the ways that other American cities have dealt with their skid row communities. Cities roughly the same size as Portland were chosen. Their efforts will be compared to Portland's plans for and actions toward its Burnside area -- the subject of Chapter IV. In this chapter, a critical analysis of the social policy recommendations made by the Human Resources Bureau for the downtown urban renewal area is offered as this is the official public social policy for the area. The next chapter of this study presents a survey done of the roster hotel to determine whether or not it is meeting the needs of the community. When the roster was initially planned, certain promises were made about who would be housed there and how it would serve Burnside. The questionnaire given to the Foster residents was designed to see if those promises were kept and to gauge the overall satisfaction the residents have with the hotel. It is hoped that with the background material provided in the first chapter of this study, a context will be established within which the reader can understand housing as it relates to this community. Title: An Assessment of the Impact of Public Housing on the Low Income Elderly Residents of the Burnside Community Author: Jacobs, Timothy C. Year: 1977 This study will be a look at housing for Portland's Burnside population with special emphasis on the Foster hotel public housing project. Before housing or any other aspect of Burnside can be intelligently discussed, it is important to have a realistic historical and contemporary understanding of the Burnside community. The second chapter of this study is designed to provide that understanding. The third chapter surveys the ways that other American cities have dealt with their skid row communities. Cities roughly the same size as Portland were chosen. Their efforts will be compared to Portland's plans for and actions toward its Burnside area -- the subject of Chapter IV. In this chapter, a critical analysis of the social policy recommendations made by the Human Resources Bureau for the downtown urban renewal area is offered as this is the official public social policy for the area. The next chapter of this study presents a survey done of the roster hotel to determine whether or not it is meeting the needs of the community. When the roster was initially planned, certain promises were made about who would be housed there and how it would serve Burnside. The questionnaire given to the Foster residents was designed to see if those promises were kept and to gauge the overall satisfaction the residents have with the hotel. It is hoped that with the background material provided in the first chapter of this study, a context will be established within which the reader can understand housing as it relates to this community. Close

• 83. [Article] A Survey of Neighborhood Attitudes Toward the Mentally Retarded and Community Group Homes

  This paper will cover the following subject areas: a brief history of attitudes toward and treatment of the retarded, to give an historical perspective to current developments; a review of current research ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: A Survey of Neighborhood Attitudes Toward the Mentally Retarded and Community Group Homes Author: Cooprider, Fred T. Year: 1977 This paper will cover the following subject areas: a brief history of attitudes toward and treatment of the retarded, to give an historical perspective to current developments; a review of current research of attitudes toward the retarded; a statement of the research question and the research design; the results of this research; and a concluding discussion. Title: A Survey of Neighborhood Attitudes Toward the Mentally Retarded and Community Group Homes Author: Cooprider, Fred T. Year: 1977 This paper will cover the following subject areas: a brief history of attitudes toward and treatment of the retarded, to give an historical perspective to current developments; a review of current research of attitudes toward the retarded; a statement of the research question and the research design; the results of this research; and a concluding discussion. Close

• 84. [Article] Large Woody Debris Mobility Areas in a Coastal Old-Growth Forest Stream, Oregon

  This study uses a spatial model to visualize LWD mobility areas in an approximate 1km reach of Cummins Creek, a fourth-order stream flowing through an old-growth Sitka spruce-western hemlock forest in ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Large Woody Debris Mobility Areas in a Coastal Old-Growth Forest Stream, Oregon Author: Bambrick, Beth Marie Year: 2013 This study uses a spatial model to visualize LWD mobility areas in an approximate 1km reach of Cummins Creek, a fourth-order stream flowing through an old-growth Sitka spruce-western hemlock forest in the Oregon Coast Range. The model solves a LWD incipient motion equation for nine wood size combinations (0.1m, 0.4m, 1.7m diameters by 1.0m, 6.87m, 47.2m lengths) during the 2-year, 10-year, and 100-year discharge events. Model input variables were derived from a combination of field survey, remotely sensed, and modeled data collected or derived between June 2010 and July 2011. LWD mobility map results indicate the 2-year discharge mobilizes all modeled diameters, but mobile piece lengths are shorter than the bankfull channel boundary. Mobility areas for each wood size combination increases with discharge; 10-year and 100-year discharge events mobilize wood longer than average bankfull width within a confined section of the main stem channel, and mobilize LWD shorter than bankfull width within the main stem channel, side channels, and floodplain. No discharge event mobilizes the largest LWD size combination (1.7m / 47.2). Recruitment process was recorded for all LWD during June 2010, revealing that all mobile wood in the study reach was shorter than bankfull width. Based on these conflicting results, I hypothesize the distribution of wood in Cummins Creek can be described in terms of discharge frequency and magnitude, instead of as a binary mobile/stable classification. Mobility maps could be a useful tool for land managers using LWD as part of a stream restoration or conservation plan, but will require additional calibration. Title: Large Woody Debris Mobility Areas in a Coastal Old-Growth Forest Stream, Oregon Author: Bambrick, Beth Marie Year: 2013 This study uses a spatial model to visualize LWD mobility areas in an approximate 1km reach of Cummins Creek, a fourth-order stream flowing through an old-growth Sitka spruce-western hemlock forest in the Oregon Coast Range. The model solves a LWD incipient motion equation for nine wood size combinations (0.1m, 0.4m, 1.7m diameters by 1.0m, 6.87m, 47.2m lengths) during the 2-year, 10-year, and 100-year discharge events. Model input variables were derived from a combination of field survey, remotely sensed, and modeled data collected or derived between June 2010 and July 2011. LWD mobility map results indicate the 2-year discharge mobilizes all modeled diameters, but mobile piece lengths are shorter than the bankfull channel boundary. Mobility areas for each wood size combination increases with discharge; 10-year and 100-year discharge events mobilize wood longer than average bankfull width within a confined section of the main stem channel, and mobilize LWD shorter than bankfull width within the main stem channel, side channels, and floodplain. No discharge event mobilizes the largest LWD size combination (1.7m / 47.2). Recruitment process was recorded for all LWD during June 2010, revealing that all mobile wood in the study reach was shorter than bankfull width. Based on these conflicting results, I hypothesize the distribution of wood in Cummins Creek can be described in terms of discharge frequency and magnitude, instead of as a binary mobile/stable classification. Mobility maps could be a useful tool for land managers using LWD as part of a stream restoration or conservation plan, but will require additional calibration. Close

• 85. [Article] Coordination in social service systems: the Area Agency on Aging as a case study

  It is the purpose of this research to examine the interactions between organizations and the work of coordinating agencies in influencing those interactions using social exchange theory. A model was developed, ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Coordination in social service systems: the Area Agency on Aging as a case study Author: Wetle, Terrie Todd Year: 1976 It is the purpose of this research to examine the interactions between organizations and the work of coordinating agencies in influencing those interactions using social exchange theory. A model was developed, incorporating elements of exchange theory, and the components of that model examined in the community. Techniques of change and the outcomes of activities of the coordinating agency were examined in an effort to develop a "case study" of a coordinating agency's activity in the community. Historically, social services were provided in the community through informal, often familial, networks. With the urbanization of society, social services have become more formalized and specialized with a remarkable increase in the number of individual agencies. Movement from a "growth" to a scarcity economy and new federalism as well as concern with duplication, overlap, and gaps in services have led to an interest in the coordination of these activities. The Area Agency on Aging, considered by many to be a forerunner to the Allied Services Act, was implemented in 1973 by the federal government for the purpose of coordinating services to the elderly in the community. The goal of the Area Agency is the development of a comprehensive coordinated community service system. The activities of six such coordinating agencies as well as the social service organizations in their areas were studied to determine the explanatory value of social exchange theory. Additionally, attitudes of service providers toward various tactics for community change as well as the perceived outcomes of coordinating agency activities were investigated. The study of the Area Agency on Aging as a coordinating agency in the community was accomplished in two waves of data collection. The first, consisting of indepth interviews with 84 individuals in six areas, took place from May through July of 1975. The second wave involved indepth interviews and a mailed survey. Data were collected from 191 individuals in 126 agencies in three areas, urban, rural and urban/rural mixed. The data were coded and analyzed by computer to determine trends and relationships. The interview schedules were analyzed for specific cases. These objective and subjective data were used to "reconstruct" this study of interaction and coordination. A model, Organizational Interaction Model, was derived utilizing social exchange theory. This model contains the elements of commodities: funding, information, access to influentials, clients, staff and technology; valuing criteria: integration, status, world view, autonomy, domain and power; and arenas of exchange: planning, contracts and letters of agreement, hearings and meetings, evaluation and monitoring, and client transfers. These elements were examined, and their explanatory value for activities in the community involving organizations and coordinating agencies was determined. Change techniques, involving varying types as well as levels of intervention, were studied in terms of their perceived appropriateness by community organizations. The data suggested changes in activities of coordinating agencies, social planners, and makers of policy. Perceived outcomes of coordinating agency activity over the past three years show positive impacts in the community generally, though individual impacts vary. Finally, the implications of these findings are discussed for coordinating agencies as well as local and federal policy makers, with suggestions for future research. Social exchange theory offers rich ground for the study of community service systems and the coordination of interactions within corrrnunities. Title: Coordination in social service systems: the Area Agency on Aging as a case study Author: Wetle, Terrie Todd Year: 1976 It is the purpose of this research to examine the interactions between organizations and the work of coordinating agencies in influencing those interactions using social exchange theory. A model was developed, incorporating elements of exchange theory, and the components of that model examined in the community. Techniques of change and the outcomes of activities of the coordinating agency were examined in an effort to develop a "case study" of a coordinating agency's activity in the community. Historically, social services were provided in the community through informal, often familial, networks. With the urbanization of society, social services have become more formalized and specialized with a remarkable increase in the number of individual agencies. Movement from a "growth" to a scarcity economy and new federalism as well as concern with duplication, overlap, and gaps in services have led to an interest in the coordination of these activities. The Area Agency on Aging, considered by many to be a forerunner to the Allied Services Act, was implemented in 1973 by the federal government for the purpose of coordinating services to the elderly in the community. The goal of the Area Agency is the development of a comprehensive coordinated community service system. The activities of six such coordinating agencies as well as the social service organizations in their areas were studied to determine the explanatory value of social exchange theory. Additionally, attitudes of service providers toward various tactics for community change as well as the perceived outcomes of coordinating agency activities were investigated. The study of the Area Agency on Aging as a coordinating agency in the community was accomplished in two waves of data collection. The first, consisting of indepth interviews with 84 individuals in six areas, took place from May through July of 1975. The second wave involved indepth interviews and a mailed survey. Data were collected from 191 individuals in 126 agencies in three areas, urban, rural and urban/rural mixed. The data were coded and analyzed by computer to determine trends and relationships. The interview schedules were analyzed for specific cases. These objective and subjective data were used to "reconstruct" this study of interaction and coordination. A model, Organizational Interaction Model, was derived utilizing social exchange theory. This model contains the elements of commodities: funding, information, access to influentials, clients, staff and technology; valuing criteria: integration, status, world view, autonomy, domain and power; and arenas of exchange: planning, contracts and letters of agreement, hearings and meetings, evaluation and monitoring, and client transfers. These elements were examined, and their explanatory value for activities in the community involving organizations and coordinating agencies was determined. Change techniques, involving varying types as well as levels of intervention, were studied in terms of their perceived appropriateness by community organizations. The data suggested changes in activities of coordinating agencies, social planners, and makers of policy. Perceived outcomes of coordinating agency activity over the past three years show positive impacts in the community generally, though individual impacts vary. Finally, the implications of these findings are discussed for coordinating agencies as well as local and federal policy makers, with suggestions for future research. Social exchange theory offers rich ground for the study of community service systems and the coordination of interactions within corrrnunities. Close

• 86. [Article] Urbanization in a Peripheral Capitalist State: A Guyana Case Study

  This research proposes to examine the process of urbanization in Guyana, South America. In particular, the objectives of this research are threefold. The first is to identify, describe, and evaluate some ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Urbanization in a Peripheral Capitalist State: A Guyana Case Study Author: Ishmael, Wazir Ahmad Year: 1993 This research proposes to examine the process of urbanization in Guyana, South America. In particular, the objectives of this research are threefold. The first is to identify, describe, and evaluate some of the historic and current causes of urban growth and urbanization which have taken place in a peripheral capitalist state that was under the plantation mode and that illustrates a legacy of "uneven development." The second objective is to attempt to assess planning responses, through attempts by the state to formulate policies to deal more effectively with urbanization. And the third objective is to contribute to a dialogue between planning practitioners and dependency/world-system theorists. Although any urbanization process has a variety of endogenous and exogenous variables, the major premise of this study is that the world system affects the political economy of the state and hence its pattern of urban development. That is, urbanization in Guyana can be largely attributed to its colonial legacy after a prolonged period of Dutch, French, and British tutelage, and to the general influence of metropolitan economic dictates. In surveying the components shaping urbanization, the study discerns outcomes which essentially confirm the expectations of dependency/world-system theory. Following its incorporation into the modern world system, Guyana has reproduced many of the patterns of development that are expected of a dependent peripheral economy. Core power hegemony led to the stimulation and growth of the port town of Georgetown and the secondary port of New Amsterdam. Georgetown, the capital, in particular was used not only to evacuate economic surplus, but also to provide a market for core-manufactured goods. Whilst dependency/world-system theory allows one to demonstrate how surplus value was extracted from Guyana via the circulation of primary commodities, it failed to adequately address the manner in which labor was utilized and reproduced. Urbanization in Guyana is contingent not only upon the class struggle, but also ethnic/racial conflict. Throughout the study, the historical evidence has supported the notion that race has been a dominant factor in the internal political economy. Racial considerations have been most important in determining legislation, the allocation of economic surplus, planning, and development policies which have impacted urbanization. Guyana today appears to conform to the postulates of dependent urbanization. Among the observed characteristics of the urban structure are urban primacy, unemployment and underemployment, a burgeoning informal sector, intra-urban inequality, shanty towns and squatter settlements, and retardation in rural areas. These dependent urbanization features have also been accompanied by a number of conditions that appear to be common to all countries which have experienced dependent development. Within the economic structure, there is an overwhelming primary export orientation with product elaboration in the core, low rates of GNP and per capita incomes, a stunted manufacturing sector, a lack of diversification, low-productivity and low-wage labor, excessive dependence, a deepening divergence between what is consumed and what is produced, and the absence of an internal dynamic and coherence within the political and social structure, the study has noted perceived racial and ethnic divisions, a high degree of social segmentation, residential separation along racial lines, profound inequalities, instability, bureaucratism, and authoritarian tendencies. Finally, this study of the Guyana experience demonstrates that dependency/world-system theory can be a powerful heuristic tool in organizing, understanding, and explaining the nature of the urbanization process in a peripheral capitalist state. The research further suggests that when the theory is supplemented with a realist perspective that places a premium on internal dynamics, the dialectical relationship between external and internal forces will ensure a more complete analysis of urbanization in peripheral social formations. Title: Urbanization in a Peripheral Capitalist State: A Guyana Case Study Author: Ishmael, Wazir Ahmad Year: 1993 This research proposes to examine the process of urbanization in Guyana, South America. In particular, the objectives of this research are threefold. The first is to identify, describe, and evaluate some of the historic and current causes of urban growth and urbanization which have taken place in a peripheral capitalist state that was under the plantation mode and that illustrates a legacy of "uneven development." The second objective is to attempt to assess planning responses, through attempts by the state to formulate policies to deal more effectively with urbanization. And the third objective is to contribute to a dialogue between planning practitioners and dependency/world-system theorists. Although any urbanization process has a variety of endogenous and exogenous variables, the major premise of this study is that the world system affects the political economy of the state and hence its pattern of urban development. That is, urbanization in Guyana can be largely attributed to its colonial legacy after a prolonged period of Dutch, French, and British tutelage, and to the general influence of metropolitan economic dictates. In surveying the components shaping urbanization, the study discerns outcomes which essentially confirm the expectations of dependency/world-system theory. Following its incorporation into the modern world system, Guyana has reproduced many of the patterns of development that are expected of a dependent peripheral economy. Core power hegemony led to the stimulation and growth of the port town of Georgetown and the secondary port of New Amsterdam. Georgetown, the capital, in particular was used not only to evacuate economic surplus, but also to provide a market for core-manufactured goods. Whilst dependency/world-system theory allows one to demonstrate how surplus value was extracted from Guyana via the circulation of primary commodities, it failed to adequately address the manner in which labor was utilized and reproduced. Urbanization in Guyana is contingent not only upon the class struggle, but also ethnic/racial conflict. Throughout the study, the historical evidence has supported the notion that race has been a dominant factor in the internal political economy. Racial considerations have been most important in determining legislation, the allocation of economic surplus, planning, and development policies which have impacted urbanization. Guyana today appears to conform to the postulates of dependent urbanization. Among the observed characteristics of the urban structure are urban primacy, unemployment and underemployment, a burgeoning informal sector, intra-urban inequality, shanty towns and squatter settlements, and retardation in rural areas. These dependent urbanization features have also been accompanied by a number of conditions that appear to be common to all countries which have experienced dependent development. Within the economic structure, there is an overwhelming primary export orientation with product elaboration in the core, low rates of GNP and per capita incomes, a stunted manufacturing sector, a lack of diversification, low-productivity and low-wage labor, excessive dependence, a deepening divergence between what is consumed and what is produced, and the absence of an internal dynamic and coherence within the political and social structure, the study has noted perceived racial and ethnic divisions, a high degree of social segmentation, residential separation along racial lines, profound inequalities, instability, bureaucratism, and authoritarian tendencies. Finally, this study of the Guyana experience demonstrates that dependency/world-system theory can be a powerful heuristic tool in organizing, understanding, and explaining the nature of the urbanization process in a peripheral capitalist state. The research further suggests that when the theory is supplemented with a realist perspective that places a premium on internal dynamics, the dialectical relationship between external and internal forces will ensure a more complete analysis of urbanization in peripheral social formations. Close

• 87. [Article] Jacob Burckhardt: History and the Greeks in the Modern Context

  In the following study I reappraise the nineteenth century Swiss historian Jacob Burckhardt (1818-1897). Burckhardt is traditionally known for having served as the elder colleague and one-time muse of ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Jacob Burckhardt: History and the Greeks in the Modern Context Author: Rhodes, Anthony Year: 2011 In the following study I reappraise the nineteenth century Swiss historian Jacob Burckhardt (1818-1897). Burckhardt is traditionally known for having served as the elder colleague and one-time muse of Friedrich Nietzsche at the University of Basel and so his ideas are often considered, by comparison, outmoded or inapposite to contemporary currents of thought. My research explodes this conception by abandoning the presumption that Burckhardt was in some sense "out of touch" with modernity. By following and significantly expanding upon the ideas of historians such as Allan Megill, Lionel Gossman, Hayden White, Joseph Mali, John Hinde and Richard Sigurdson, among others, I am able to portray Burckhardt as conversely inaugurating a historiography laden with elements of insightful social criticism. Such criticisms are in fact bolstered by virtue of their counter-modern characteristic. Burckhardt reveals in this way a perspicacity that both anticipates Nietzsche's own critique of modernity and in large part moves well beyond him. Much of this analysis is devised through a genealogical approach to Burckhardt which places him squarely within a cohesive branch of post-Kantian thought that I have called heterodox post-Kantianism. My study revaluates Burckhardt through the alembic of a "discursive" post-Kantian turn which reinvests many of his outré ideas, including his radical appropriation of historical representation, his non-teleological historiography, his various pessimistic inclinations, and additionally, his non-empirical, "aesthetic" study of history, or "mythistory," with a newfound philosophical germaneness. While I survey the majority of Burckhardt's output in the course of my work, I invest a specific focus in his largely unappreciated Greek lectures (given in 1869 but only published in English in full at the end of the twentieth century). Burckhardt's "dark" portrayal of the Greeks serves to not only upset traditional conceptions of antiquity but also the manner in which self-conception is informed through historical inquiry. Burckhardt returns us then to an altogether repressed antiquity: to a hidden, yet internal "dream of a shadow." My analysis culminates with an attempt to reassess the place of Burckhardt's ideas for modernity and to correspondingly reexamine Nietzsche. In particular, I highlight the disparity between Nietzsche's and Burckhardt's reception of the "problem of power," including the latter's reluctance - which was attended by ominous and highly prescient predictions of future large-scale wars and the steady "massification" of western society - to accept Nietzsche's acclamation of a final "will to power." Burckhardt teaches us the value of history as an active counterforce to dominant modern reality-formations and in doing so, his work rehabilitates the relevance of history for a world which, as Burckhardt once noted, suffers today from a superfluity of present-mindedness. Title: Jacob Burckhardt: History and the Greeks in the Modern Context Author: Rhodes, Anthony Year: 2011 In the following study I reappraise the nineteenth century Swiss historian Jacob Burckhardt (1818-1897). Burckhardt is traditionally known for having served as the elder colleague and one-time muse of Friedrich Nietzsche at the University of Basel and so his ideas are often considered, by comparison, outmoded or inapposite to contemporary currents of thought. My research explodes this conception by abandoning the presumption that Burckhardt was in some sense "out of touch" with modernity. By following and significantly expanding upon the ideas of historians such as Allan Megill, Lionel Gossman, Hayden White, Joseph Mali, John Hinde and Richard Sigurdson, among others, I am able to portray Burckhardt as conversely inaugurating a historiography laden with elements of insightful social criticism. Such criticisms are in fact bolstered by virtue of their counter-modern characteristic. Burckhardt reveals in this way a perspicacity that both anticipates Nietzsche's own critique of modernity and in large part moves well beyond him. Much of this analysis is devised through a genealogical approach to Burckhardt which places him squarely within a cohesive branch of post-Kantian thought that I have called heterodox post-Kantianism. My study revaluates Burckhardt through the alembic of a "discursive" post-Kantian turn which reinvests many of his outré ideas, including his radical appropriation of historical representation, his non-teleological historiography, his various pessimistic inclinations, and additionally, his non-empirical, "aesthetic" study of history, or "mythistory," with a newfound philosophical germaneness. While I survey the majority of Burckhardt's output in the course of my work, I invest a specific focus in his largely unappreciated Greek lectures (given in 1869 but only published in English in full at the end of the twentieth century). Burckhardt's "dark" portrayal of the Greeks serves to not only upset traditional conceptions of antiquity but also the manner in which self-conception is informed through historical inquiry. Burckhardt returns us then to an altogether repressed antiquity: to a hidden, yet internal "dream of a shadow." My analysis culminates with an attempt to reassess the place of Burckhardt's ideas for modernity and to correspondingly reexamine Nietzsche. In particular, I highlight the disparity between Nietzsche's and Burckhardt's reception of the "problem of power," including the latter's reluctance - which was attended by ominous and highly prescient predictions of future large-scale wars and the steady "massification" of western society - to accept Nietzsche's acclamation of a final "will to power." Burckhardt teaches us the value of history as an active counterforce to dominant modern reality-formations and in doing so, his work rehabilitates the relevance of history for a world which, as Burckhardt once noted, suffers today from a superfluity of present-mindedness. Close

• 88. [Article] Welfare stigmatization and the elderly: the case of the Supplemental Security Income program

  Policy-makers and others historically have assumed that welfare programs should give assistance to the poor and carry stigma. This attitude in part developed from the English Poor Laws tradition in which ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Welfare stigmatization and the elderly: the case of the Supplemental Security Income program Author: Man, Peter Jic-Leung Year: 1979 Policy-makers and others historically have assumed that welfare programs should give assistance to the poor and carry stigma. This attitude in part developed from the English Poor Laws tradition in which poverty was considered a negative condition. Labeling theory has often been used to explain the process of welfare stigmatization. Once an individual is labeled as a deviant, such as a welfare recipient, a self-fulfilling prophecy is initiated. Others perceive and respond to the individual as a deviant and the individual also internalized the stigma attached to such a role. The stigma attached to public dependency becomes an outcome of this labeling process. This study identifies the relationship between welfare stigma and the elderly and has three objectives. First, it challenges the usefulness of labeling theory in explaining the perception of welfare stigma among elderly recipients. Second, it analyzes why different levels of stigma are attached to different public assistance programs. Third, it examines why some recipients feel more stigmatized than others. Historically, the elderly poor have heen identified as the deserving poor and provided for under most social programs. Because of differential treatment between the elderly poor and the able-bodied poor, this study contends that these groups develop different self-images as welfare recipients. A single welfare image applied indiscriminately to both groups results in a poor fit. Instead of internalizing the negative image from the outside community, the elderly may have internalized the deserving poor image and subsequently perceive their welfare status as less stigmatized. Congress established the Supplemental Security Income (SSI) program in 1972 to replace the state-run Old Age Assistance (OAA) program. By placing SSI under the Social Security Administration, this new program seeks to provide additional income with less stigma to the aged poor. Data for this study come from two separate surveys: a local survey of 400 respondents and a national survey of 8600 respondents. The most important dependent variable in this study is welfare stigma. It is operationally defined by three indicators: 1) whether recipients feel bothered in receiving assistance; 2) whether recipients feel embarrassed to admit their welfare status; and 3) whether recipients perceive community disrespect for thier welfare status. Factor analysis enabled a welfare stigma index to be constructed using the above three items. The often cited welfare stigma was not substantiated by the data. Elderly recipients of both OOA and SSI had low stigma feelings. Labeling theory, while useful in explaining welfare stigma of other poor subgroups, is not applicable to the elderly. Significantly less stigma was found to be associated with SSI than with OAA. Other findings supporting the SSI program include: more recipients had confidence in the Social Security Administration than in local welfare agencies; more were satisfied with the performance of SSI than with OAA; more non-recipients expressed a willingness to use SSI. In contrast to findings of many studies, this study found that some demographic variables, such as education and socioeconomic status, were significantly related to stigma. This study has theoretical and practical significance. First, it demonstrates that labeling theory is not useful in explaining stigma perception of the elderly. Second, it provides important baseline data to judge future performance of SSI and other similar programs. The analysis calls for the need to design effective social programs on a universalistic rather than class-specific basis. Options for change in the income-maintenance programs in the 1980's are discussed and include an analysis of the two-tier proposal. Title: Welfare stigmatization and the elderly: the case of the Supplemental Security Income program Author: Man, Peter Jic-Leung Year: 1979 Policy-makers and others historically have assumed that welfare programs should give assistance to the poor and carry stigma. This attitude in part developed from the English Poor Laws tradition in which poverty was considered a negative condition. Labeling theory has often been used to explain the process of welfare stigmatization. Once an individual is labeled as a deviant, such as a welfare recipient, a self-fulfilling prophecy is initiated. Others perceive and respond to the individual as a deviant and the individual also internalized the stigma attached to such a role. The stigma attached to public dependency becomes an outcome of this labeling process. This study identifies the relationship between welfare stigma and the elderly and has three objectives. First, it challenges the usefulness of labeling theory in explaining the perception of welfare stigma among elderly recipients. Second, it analyzes why different levels of stigma are attached to different public assistance programs. Third, it examines why some recipients feel more stigmatized than others. Historically, the elderly poor have heen identified as the deserving poor and provided for under most social programs. Because of differential treatment between the elderly poor and the able-bodied poor, this study contends that these groups develop different self-images as welfare recipients. A single welfare image applied indiscriminately to both groups results in a poor fit. Instead of internalizing the negative image from the outside community, the elderly may have internalized the deserving poor image and subsequently perceive their welfare status as less stigmatized. Congress established the Supplemental Security Income (SSI) program in 1972 to replace the state-run Old Age Assistance (OAA) program. By placing SSI under the Social Security Administration, this new program seeks to provide additional income with less stigma to the aged poor. Data for this study come from two separate surveys: a local survey of 400 respondents and a national survey of 8600 respondents. The most important dependent variable in this study is welfare stigma. It is operationally defined by three indicators: 1) whether recipients feel bothered in receiving assistance; 2) whether recipients feel embarrassed to admit their welfare status; and 3) whether recipients perceive community disrespect for thier welfare status. Factor analysis enabled a welfare stigma index to be constructed using the above three items. The often cited welfare stigma was not substantiated by the data. Elderly recipients of both OOA and SSI had low stigma feelings. Labeling theory, while useful in explaining welfare stigma of other poor subgroups, is not applicable to the elderly. Significantly less stigma was found to be associated with SSI than with OAA. Other findings supporting the SSI program include: more recipients had confidence in the Social Security Administration than in local welfare agencies; more were satisfied with the performance of SSI than with OAA; more non-recipients expressed a willingness to use SSI. In contrast to findings of many studies, this study found that some demographic variables, such as education and socioeconomic status, were significantly related to stigma. This study has theoretical and practical significance. First, it demonstrates that labeling theory is not useful in explaining stigma perception of the elderly. Second, it provides important baseline data to judge future performance of SSI and other similar programs. The analysis calls for the need to design effective social programs on a universalistic rather than class-specific basis. Options for change in the income-maintenance programs in the 1980's are discussed and include an analysis of the two-tier proposal. Close

• 89. [Article] Constraining the Holocene Extent of the Northwest Meers Fault, Oklahoma Using High-Resolution Topography and Paleoseismic Trenching

  The Meers Fault (Oklahoma) is one of few seismogenic structures with Holocene surface expression in the stable continental region of North America. Only the ~37 km-long southeastern section of the ~55 ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Constraining the Holocene Extent of the Northwest Meers Fault, Oklahoma Using High-Resolution Topography and Paleoseismic Trenching Author: Hornsby, Kristofer Tyler Year: 2017 The Meers Fault (Oklahoma) is one of few seismogenic structures with Holocene surface expression in the stable continental region of North America. Only the ~37 km-long southeastern section of the ~55 km long Meers Fault is interpreted to be Holocene-active. The ~17 km-long northwestern section is considered to be Quaternary-active (pre-Holocene); however, its low-relief geomorphic expression and anthropogenic alteration have presented difficulties in evaluating the fault length and style of Holocene deformation. We reevaluate surface expression and earthquake timing of the northwestern portion of the Meers Fault to improve fault characterization, earthquake rupture models, and seismic hazard evaluations based on fault length. We use a combination of airborne lidar (0.5--2 m-resolution), historical aerial photos, and new balloon-based photogrammetric (Structure from Motion) topography (0.25--0.5 m-resolution) collected in this study to analyze and characterize the fault scarp and local fault zone geomorphology. In the northwest, complex surface deformation includes fault splays, a left step, subtle monoclinal warping, and a minor change in fault strike The fault is evident in the landscape as linear escarpments, incised channels on the up-thrown side of the scarp, and closed depressions on the downthrown side. I use topographic profiles, measured perpendicular to the fault scarp to show that the northwest scarp is characterized by decimeter surface offsets. Where the fault traverses the Post Oak Conglomerate the fault zone width rarely exceeds 25 m, in the Hennessey Shale I document an increase in fault zone width with deformation occurring over 20 m to 115 m. I further examined the northwest section of the fault in a paleoseismic excavation where weathered Permian Hennessey Shale and a ~1--2 m-thick veneer of Holocene alluvial deposits have been folded and warped during three surface-folding earthquakes. In an adjacent stream exposure these units are also faulted near the ground surface. Paleoearthquake age modeling (Oxcal) constrained by accelerated mass spectrometry (AMS) dating of detrital charcoal and optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating of sandy alluvial beds indicates two earthquakes occurred since ~6152-5550 cal. years BP and one possibly older event along the erosional unconformity along the Hennessey Shale bedrock. This analysis lengthens the Holocene extent of the Meers Fault by ~6 km, to ~43 km, and extends the paleoseismic record of the Meers Fault to ~9598 cal. years BP. These data will improve fault-rupture and earthquake recurrence models used for seismic hazard analysis of the Meers Fault. Title: Constraining the Holocene Extent of the Northwest Meers Fault, Oklahoma Using High-Resolution Topography and Paleoseismic Trenching Author: Hornsby, Kristofer Tyler Year: 2017 The Meers Fault (Oklahoma) is one of few seismogenic structures with Holocene surface expression in the stable continental region of North America. Only the ~37 km-long southeastern section of the ~55 km long Meers Fault is interpreted to be Holocene-active. The ~17 km-long northwestern section is considered to be Quaternary-active (pre-Holocene); however, its low-relief geomorphic expression and anthropogenic alteration have presented difficulties in evaluating the fault length and style of Holocene deformation. We reevaluate surface expression and earthquake timing of the northwestern portion of the Meers Fault to improve fault characterization, earthquake rupture models, and seismic hazard evaluations based on fault length. We use a combination of airborne lidar (0.5--2 m-resolution), historical aerial photos, and new balloon-based photogrammetric (Structure from Motion) topography (0.25--0.5 m-resolution) collected in this study to analyze and characterize the fault scarp and local fault zone geomorphology. In the northwest, complex surface deformation includes fault splays, a left step, subtle monoclinal warping, and a minor change in fault strike The fault is evident in the landscape as linear escarpments, incised channels on the up-thrown side of the scarp, and closed depressions on the downthrown side. I use topographic profiles, measured perpendicular to the fault scarp to show that the northwest scarp is characterized by decimeter surface offsets. Where the fault traverses the Post Oak Conglomerate the fault zone width rarely exceeds 25 m, in the Hennessey Shale I document an increase in fault zone width with deformation occurring over 20 m to 115 m. I further examined the northwest section of the fault in a paleoseismic excavation where weathered Permian Hennessey Shale and a ~1--2 m-thick veneer of Holocene alluvial deposits have been folded and warped during three surface-folding earthquakes. In an adjacent stream exposure these units are also faulted near the ground surface. Paleoearthquake age modeling (Oxcal) constrained by accelerated mass spectrometry (AMS) dating of detrital charcoal and optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating of sandy alluvial beds indicates two earthquakes occurred since ~6152-5550 cal. years BP and one possibly older event along the erosional unconformity along the Hennessey Shale bedrock. This analysis lengthens the Holocene extent of the Meers Fault by ~6 km, to ~43 km, and extends the paleoseismic record of the Meers Fault to ~9598 cal. years BP. These data will improve fault-rupture and earthquake recurrence models used for seismic hazard analysis of the Meers Fault. Close

• 90. [Article] Evaluation of Pre-Apprenticeship and Retention Services in the Construction Trades in Oregon

  While white men have historically dominated the highway construction trades in Oregon, this trend is changing: of those enrolled in apprenticeships in the highway construction trades in 2005, 81% were ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Evaluation of Pre-Apprenticeship and Retention Services in the Construction Trades in Oregon Author: Wilkinson, Lindsey, Kelly, Maura Year: 2017 While white men have historically dominated the highway construction trades in Oregon, this trend is changing: of those enrolled in apprenticeships in the highway construction trades in 2005, 81% were white men; in 2015, this number was 70% (Figure 1). These changes are due in part to recruitment efforts and training offered by pre-apprenticeship programs, which are designed to help individuals build the necessary skills to meet the minimum entry qualifications to enter a trade or apprenticeship program. Pre-apprenticeships can reach not only women and people of color, but also people without family or friends in the trades, which is a common conduit for employment in this sector. Pre-apprenticeship programs also offer ongoing mentoring and support for graduates, through apprenticeship and beyond. Two such pre-apprenticeship programs in Portland are Oregon Tradeswomen Inc. (OTI), which targets women, and Constructing Hope (CH), which primarily serves people of color and those previously incarcerated, providing a second chance in the workforce. These programs work to diversify the pipeline of potential applicants entering registered apprenticeships in Oregon. Pre-apprenticeships are supported in part by funds from the Oregon Department of Transportation (ODOT) and the Bureau of Labor Industries (BOLI) initiative to diversify the skilled highway construction workforce, the Highway Construction Workforce Development Program. This report assesses the effectiveness of pre-apprenticeship programs in 1) preparing preapprentices for entry into the trades or an apprenticeship in the trades; 2) increasing the entry of women and minorities into highway construction trades apprenticeships and 3) increasing the likelihood that women and minority apprentices will complete apprenticeships in the highway construction trades. In order to assess the impact of pre-apprenticeship programs on the skills, perceptions, and career outcomes of women and minorities, PSU researchers designed a longitudinal study of individuals participating in a pre-apprenticeship program through Oregon Tradeswomen Inc. (OTI) or Constructing Hope (CH). PSU also relied on aggregate data from the Oregon Apprenticeship System (OAS) data base to identify OTI or CH graduates entering a registered apprenticeship. This report reflects the findings from three waves of survey data collection (2016-2017) and OAS data from the 2005-2017 cohorts of new apprentices in the state of Oregon. Title: Evaluation of Pre-Apprenticeship and Retention Services in the Construction Trades in Oregon Author: Wilkinson, Lindsey, Kelly, Maura Year: 2017 While white men have historically dominated the highway construction trades in Oregon, this trend is changing: of those enrolled in apprenticeships in the highway construction trades in 2005, 81% were white men; in 2015, this number was 70% (Figure 1). These changes are due in part to recruitment efforts and training offered by pre-apprenticeship programs, which are designed to help individuals build the necessary skills to meet the minimum entry qualifications to enter a trade or apprenticeship program. Pre-apprenticeships can reach not only women and people of color, but also people without family or friends in the trades, which is a common conduit for employment in this sector. Pre-apprenticeship programs also offer ongoing mentoring and support for graduates, through apprenticeship and beyond. Two such pre-apprenticeship programs in Portland are Oregon Tradeswomen Inc. (OTI), which targets women, and Constructing Hope (CH), which primarily serves people of color and those previously incarcerated, providing a second chance in the workforce. These programs work to diversify the pipeline of potential applicants entering registered apprenticeships in Oregon. Pre-apprenticeships are supported in part by funds from the Oregon Department of Transportation (ODOT) and the Bureau of Labor Industries (BOLI) initiative to diversify the skilled highway construction workforce, the Highway Construction Workforce Development Program. This report assesses the effectiveness of pre-apprenticeship programs in 1) preparing preapprentices for entry into the trades or an apprenticeship in the trades; 2) increasing the entry of women and minorities into highway construction trades apprenticeships and 3) increasing the likelihood that women and minority apprentices will complete apprenticeships in the highway construction trades. In order to assess the impact of pre-apprenticeship programs on the skills, perceptions, and career outcomes of women and minorities, PSU researchers designed a longitudinal study of individuals participating in a pre-apprenticeship program through Oregon Tradeswomen Inc. (OTI) or Constructing Hope (CH). PSU also relied on aggregate data from the Oregon Apprenticeship System (OAS) data base to identify OTI or CH graduates entering a registered apprenticeship. This report reflects the findings from three waves of survey data collection (2016-2017) and OAS data from the 2005-2017 cohorts of new apprentices in the state of Oregon. Close

• 91. [Article] LiDAR Business Analysis

  LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) is a remote sensing technology that uses light in the form of a laser pulses to create 3D images. LiDAR technology’s use on UAS (Unmanned Aerial System) is a relatively ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: LiDAR Business Analysis Author: Xiao, Liyan, Yacoub, Mufeed, Lerdphayakkarat, Rassaniya, Groth, Tyler, Akhter, Tanzila, Lally, Wendy Year: 2017 LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) is a remote sensing technology that uses light in the form of a laser pulses to create 3D images. LiDAR technology’s use on UAS (Unmanned Aerial System) is a relatively new concept in the rapidly advancing remote sensing & 3D imaging industry. As such, profitability data is either not released by similar business organizations, or there is simply not enough historical data to accurately predict revenue streams with either business model. To assess the feasibility of business models, market research and literature review were performed by our research team. Economic analysis methods were used to determine the most advantageous business plan strategy for the LiDAR business opportunities. Since the success of either business model will rely heavily on the company’s sales ability. Since the focus of this report is on economic analysis to make the best business decision, we have made our valuation calculations based conservative sales forecasts. The startup business plan identifies and critiques two business models identified by the founder entrepreneurs: 1. A service oriented model in which data is collected, processed, and delivered by an operations team to the customer. 2. A product oriented model in which LiDAR UAS is constructed, tested, and sold as a unit that includes training as an entire product for the customer’s own use. Based on these two models, three decision options were evaluated and compared with each other: 1. Invest in the Service only model 2. Invest in the Product only model 3. Do not invest, utilize the stock market for investment gains A 5-year cash flow analysis was conducted to give the founders a recommended strategy to optimize their investment. Through conducting a benefit cost analysis and calculating the internal rate of return of each opportunity, it was determined that both business models may be profitable and worthy investments. The expected IRR of service model and product model are 56% and 136% respectively. They are both much higher than the stock market option, which has an estimated MARR of 8% on average. Much of the risk in this analysis was the uncertainty in the sales revenue projections. The team endeavored to determine the sensitivity of the data by performing sensitivity analysis on these sales projections. Expected values were calculated taking into consideration of the most likely, optimistic and pessimistic cases. The sensitivity analysis result shows both business models are profitable under all conditions. The economic analysis has shown that while both business models are likely to be profitable, the Product Business Model has the potential for a higher return on investment. Therefore the research team recommends that the investors proceed with the Product Business Model outlined in the report. Title: LiDAR Business Analysis Author: Xiao, Liyan, Yacoub, Mufeed, Lerdphayakkarat, Rassaniya, Groth, Tyler, Akhter, Tanzila, Lally, Wendy Year: 2017 LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) is a remote sensing technology that uses light in the form of a laser pulses to create 3D images. LiDAR technology’s use on UAS (Unmanned Aerial System) is a relatively new concept in the rapidly advancing remote sensing & 3D imaging industry. As such, profitability data is either not released by similar business organizations, or there is simply not enough historical data to accurately predict revenue streams with either business model. To assess the feasibility of business models, market research and literature review were performed by our research team. Economic analysis methods were used to determine the most advantageous business plan strategy for the LiDAR business opportunities. Since the success of either business model will rely heavily on the company’s sales ability. Since the focus of this report is on economic analysis to make the best business decision, we have made our valuation calculations based conservative sales forecasts. The startup business plan identifies and critiques two business models identified by the founder entrepreneurs: 1. A service oriented model in which data is collected, processed, and delivered by an operations team to the customer. 2. A product oriented model in which LiDAR UAS is constructed, tested, and sold as a unit that includes training as an entire product for the customer’s own use. Based on these two models, three decision options were evaluated and compared with each other: 1. Invest in the Service only model 2. Invest in the Product only model 3. Do not invest, utilize the stock market for investment gains A 5-year cash flow analysis was conducted to give the founders a recommended strategy to optimize their investment. Through conducting a benefit cost analysis and calculating the internal rate of return of each opportunity, it was determined that both business models may be profitable and worthy investments. The expected IRR of service model and product model are 56% and 136% respectively. They are both much higher than the stock market option, which has an estimated MARR of 8% on average. Much of the risk in this analysis was the uncertainty in the sales revenue projections. The team endeavored to determine the sensitivity of the data by performing sensitivity analysis on these sales projections. Expected values were calculated taking into consideration of the most likely, optimistic and pessimistic cases. The sensitivity analysis result shows both business models are profitable under all conditions. The economic analysis has shown that while both business models are likely to be profitable, the Product Business Model has the potential for a higher return on investment. Therefore the research team recommends that the investors proceed with the Product Business Model outlined in the report. Close

• 92. [Article] A Study of Successful Management of New Product Development in High Tech Industry

  This report studies management of new product development. A mail survey was developed to assess current trends in the management of new product development, activities in development process, and major ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: A Study of Successful Management of New Product Development in High Tech Industry Author: Yuwono, Dharwin Year: 1990 This report studies management of new product development. A mail survey was developed to assess current trends in the management of new product development, activities in development process, and major factors that contribute to success in management of the process in high tech industry. The survey results are analyzed and compared to historical theoretical approaches. Suggestions and topics for future projects are presented. Title: A Study of Successful Management of New Product Development in High Tech Industry Author: Yuwono, Dharwin Year: 1990 This report studies management of new product development. A mail survey was developed to assess current trends in the management of new product development, activities in development process, and major factors that contribute to success in management of the process in high tech industry. The survey results are analyzed and compared to historical theoretical approaches. Suggestions and topics for future projects are presented. Close

• 93. [Article] Estimation of Historic Flows and Sediment Loads to San Francisco Bay, 1849 – 2011

  River flow and sediment transport in estuaries influence morphological development over decadal and century time scales, but hydrological and sedimentological records are typically too short to adequately ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Estimation of Historic Flows and Sediment Loads to San Francisco Bay, 1849 – 2011 Author: Moftakhari Rostamkhani, Hamed, Jay, David A., Talke, Stefan A., Schoellhamer, David H. Year: 2015 River flow and sediment transport in estuaries influence morphological development over decadal and century time scales, but hydrological and sedimentological records are typically too short to adequately characterize long-term trends. In this study, we recover archival records and apply a rating curve approach to develop the first instrumental estimates of daily delta inflow and sediment loads to San Francisco Bay (1849 – 1929). The total sediment load is constrained using sedimentation/erosion estimated from bathymetric survey data to produce continuous daily sediment transport estimates from 1849 to 1955, the time period prior to sediment load measurements. We estimate that ~55% (45 – 75%) of the ~1500±400 million tons (Mt) of sediment delivered to the estuary between 1849 and 2011 was the result of anthropogenic alteration in the watershed that increased sediment supply. Also, the seasonal timing of sediment flux events has shifted because significant spring-melt floods have decreased, causing estimated springtime transport (April 1st to June 30th) to decrease from ~25% to ~15% of the annual total. By contrast, wintertime sediment loads (December 1st to March 31st) have increased from ~70% to ~80%. A ~35% reduction of annual flow since the 19th century along with decreased sediment supply has resulted in a ~50% reduction in annual sediment delivery. The methods developed in this study can be applied to other systems for which unanalyzed historic data exist. Title: Estimation of Historic Flows and Sediment Loads to San Francisco Bay, 1849 – 2011 Author: Moftakhari Rostamkhani, Hamed, Jay, David A., Talke, Stefan A., Schoellhamer, David H. Year: 2015 River flow and sediment transport in estuaries influence morphological development over decadal and century time scales, but hydrological and sedimentological records are typically too short to adequately characterize long-term trends. In this study, we recover archival records and apply a rating curve approach to develop the first instrumental estimates of daily delta inflow and sediment loads to San Francisco Bay (1849 – 1929). The total sediment load is constrained using sedimentation/erosion estimated from bathymetric survey data to produce continuous daily sediment transport estimates from 1849 to 1955, the time period prior to sediment load measurements. We estimate that ~55% (45 – 75%) of the ~1500±400 million tons (Mt) of sediment delivered to the estuary between 1849 and 2011 was the result of anthropogenic alteration in the watershed that increased sediment supply. Also, the seasonal timing of sediment flux events has shifted because significant spring-melt floods have decreased, causing estimated springtime transport (April 1st to June 30th) to decrease from ~25% to ~15% of the annual total. By contrast, wintertime sediment loads (December 1st to March 31st) have increased from ~70% to ~80%. A ~35% reduction of annual flow since the 19th century along with decreased sediment supply has resulted in a ~50% reduction in annual sediment delivery. The methods developed in this study can be applied to other systems for which unanalyzed historic data exist. Close

• 94. [Article] The Atmosphere can be a Source of Certain Water Soluble Volatile Organic Compounds in Urban Streams

  Surface water and air volatile organic compound (VOC) data from 10 U. S. Geological Survey monitoring sites were used to evaluate the potential for direct transport of VOCs from the atmosphere to urban ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The Atmosphere can be a Source of Certain Water Soluble Volatile Organic Compounds in Urban Streams Author: Kenner, Scott J, Bender, David A., Pankow, James F., Zogorski, John S. Year: 2014 Surface water and air volatile organic compound (VOC) data from 10 U. S. Geological Survey monitoring sites were used to evaluate the potential for direct transport of VOCs from the atmosphere to urban streams. Analytical results of 87 VOC compounds were screened by evaluating the occurrence and detection levels in both water and air, and equilibrium concentrations in water (C-w(s)) based on the measured air concentrations. Four compounds (acetone, methyl tertiary butyl ether, toluene, and m- & p-xylene) were detected in more than 20% of water samples, in more than 10% of air samples, and more than 10% of detections in air were greater than long-term method detection levels (LTMDL) in water. Benzene was detected in more than 20% of water samples and in more than 10% of air samples. Two percent of benzene detections in air were greater than one-half the LTMDL in water. Six compounds (chloroform, p-isopropyltoluene, methylene chloride, perchloroethene, 1,1,1-trichloroethane, and trichloroethene) were detected in more than 20% of water samples and in more than 10% of air samples. Five VOCs, toluene, m- & p-xylene, methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE), acetone, and benzene were identified as having sufficiently high concentrations in the atmosphere to be a source to urban streams. MTBE, acetone, and benzene exhibited behavior that was consistent with equilibrium concentrations in the atmosphere. Title: The Atmosphere can be a Source of Certain Water Soluble Volatile Organic Compounds in Urban Streams Author: Kenner, Scott J, Bender, David A., Pankow, James F., Zogorski, John S. Year: 2014 Surface water and air volatile organic compound (VOC) data from 10 U. S. Geological Survey monitoring sites were used to evaluate the potential for direct transport of VOCs from the atmosphere to urban streams. Analytical results of 87 VOC compounds were screened by evaluating the occurrence and detection levels in both water and air, and equilibrium concentrations in water (C-w(s)) based on the measured air concentrations. Four compounds (acetone, methyl tertiary butyl ether, toluene, and m- & p-xylene) were detected in more than 20% of water samples, in more than 10% of air samples, and more than 10% of detections in air were greater than long-term method detection levels (LTMDL) in water. Benzene was detected in more than 20% of water samples and in more than 10% of air samples. Two percent of benzene detections in air were greater than one-half the LTMDL in water. Six compounds (chloroform, p-isopropyltoluene, methylene chloride, perchloroethene, 1,1,1-trichloroethane, and trichloroethene) were detected in more than 20% of water samples and in more than 10% of air samples. Five VOCs, toluene, m- & p-xylene, methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE), acetone, and benzene were identified as having sufficiently high concentrations in the atmosphere to be a source to urban streams. MTBE, acetone, and benzene exhibited behavior that was consistent with equilibrium concentrations in the atmosphere. Close

• 95. [Article] Impacts of Early Sexual Experience and Associated Risk of Sexually Transmitted Infection (STI) among Teens and Adults in the United States

  This analysis explores incidence rates of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) among minority group teenagers (aged 15-19) and adults aged 20-34 in the United States. The primary research question is ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Impacts of Early Sexual Experience and Associated Risk of Sexually Transmitted Infection (STI) among Teens and Adults in the United States Author: Garcia-Alexander, Ginny Year: 2008 This analysis explores incidence rates of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) among minority group teenagers (aged 15-19) and adults aged 20-34 in the United States. The primary research question is aimed at whether or not the early onset of sexual activity is directly related to the incidence of STI transmission among Americans. Discussion is given to the current literature with respect to the most recent trends in STIs as well as some historical background on classifications. Also examined are the differing impacts observed for those who are affected by bacterial infections (young minorities) and those who are affected by viral infections (majority group members with higher levels of education). The National Survey of Family Growth, Cycle 6, 2002 was used to obtain descriptive results presented in the form of tabular representations and logistic regressions that model the likelihood of contracting an STI for both teens and adults. Title: Impacts of Early Sexual Experience and Associated Risk of Sexually Transmitted Infection (STI) among Teens and Adults in the United States Author: Garcia-Alexander, Ginny Year: 2008 This analysis explores incidence rates of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) among minority group teenagers (aged 15-19) and adults aged 20-34 in the United States. The primary research question is aimed at whether or not the early onset of sexual activity is directly related to the incidence of STI transmission among Americans. Discussion is given to the current literature with respect to the most recent trends in STIs as well as some historical background on classifications. Also examined are the differing impacts observed for those who are affected by bacterial infections (young minorities) and those who are affected by viral infections (majority group members with higher levels of education). The National Survey of Family Growth, Cycle 6, 2002 was used to obtain descriptive results presented in the form of tabular representations and logistic regressions that model the likelihood of contracting an STI for both teens and adults. Close

• 96. [Article] Historical Archaeology’s "Trip" to Crater Lake

  The article is an overview of the archaeological survey of the 1865 wagon road that ran from Jacksonville in southern Oregon to Fort Klamath, just south of Crater Lake National Park.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Historical Archaeology’s "Trip" to Crater Lake Author: Wilson, Douglas C. Year: 2009 The article is an overview of the archaeological survey of the 1865 wagon road that ran from Jacksonville in southern Oregon to Fort Klamath, just south of Crater Lake National Park. Title: Historical Archaeology’s "Trip" to Crater Lake Author: Wilson, Douglas C. Year: 2009 The article is an overview of the archaeological survey of the 1865 wagon road that ran from Jacksonville in southern Oregon to Fort Klamath, just south of Crater Lake National Park. Close

• 97. [Article] Habitat and Distribution of the Ruffed Lemur, "Varecia", North of the Bay of Antongil in Northeastern Madagascar

  Here we present information on the conservation status of ruffed lemurs (Varecia) north of the Bay of Antongil in northeastern Madagascar. Two contiguous protected areas were recently established that ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Habitat and Distribution of the Ruffed Lemur, "Varecia", North of the Bay of Antongil in Northeastern Madagascar Author: Hekkala, Evon R., Rakotondratsima, Marius, Vasey, Natalie Year: 2007 Here we present information on the conservation status of ruffed lemurs (Varecia) north of the Bay of Antongil in northeastern Madagascar. Two contiguous protected areas were recently established that traverse this region via blocks of forest connected by narrow forest corridors: the Masoala National Park, which expands further to the east, and the Makira Protected Area, which expands further to the west and northwest. The two extant ruffed lemurs, Varecia variegata and V. rubra, overlapped in this region historically and, on rare occasions, hybridized. As such, land north of the Bay of Antongil is a critical part of the ruffed lemur's northern geographic range. Habitat surveys and interviews with local informants were carried out in this region to determine the extent of suitable habitat for Varecia populations, to assess the extent of human exploitation of this genus, and to obtain data on the western and northern range limits of V. rubra. Interviews indicated that there are populations of V. rubraas far northwest as the confluence of the Antainambalana and Sahantaha Rivers. Surveys and interviews revealed extensive habitat degradation and lemur hunting in the three major river drainages north of the Bay of Antongil. The recent establishment of protected forest blocks and forest corridors in the region was critical, as these links will provide the only connections between Varecia populations that would otherwise be entirely isolated in forest patches surrounded by agricultural land. The geo-referenced habitat survey and the summary of interview results provided here can be used as comparators for future population and habitat assessments following the establishment of the protected areas. A primary direction for future work should be to examine how Varecia populations are adapting to conditions in and near forest corridors. Title: Habitat and Distribution of the Ruffed Lemur, "Varecia", North of the Bay of Antongil in Northeastern Madagascar Author: Hekkala, Evon R., Rakotondratsima, Marius, Vasey, Natalie Year: 2007 Here we present information on the conservation status of ruffed lemurs (Varecia) north of the Bay of Antongil in northeastern Madagascar. Two contiguous protected areas were recently established that traverse this region via blocks of forest connected by narrow forest corridors: the Masoala National Park, which expands further to the east, and the Makira Protected Area, which expands further to the west and northwest. The two extant ruffed lemurs, Varecia variegata and V. rubra, overlapped in this region historically and, on rare occasions, hybridized. As such, land north of the Bay of Antongil is a critical part of the ruffed lemur's northern geographic range. Habitat surveys and interviews with local informants were carried out in this region to determine the extent of suitable habitat for Varecia populations, to assess the extent of human exploitation of this genus, and to obtain data on the western and northern range limits of V. rubra. Interviews indicated that there are populations of V. rubraas far northwest as the confluence of the Antainambalana and Sahantaha Rivers. Surveys and interviews revealed extensive habitat degradation and lemur hunting in the three major river drainages north of the Bay of Antongil. The recent establishment of protected forest blocks and forest corridors in the region was critical, as these links will provide the only connections between Varecia populations that would otherwise be entirely isolated in forest patches surrounded by agricultural land. The geo-referenced habitat survey and the summary of interview results provided here can be used as comparators for future population and habitat assessments following the establishment of the protected areas. A primary direction for future work should be to examine how Varecia populations are adapting to conditions in and near forest corridors. Close

• 98. [Article] Estimation of Columbia River Virgin Flow: 1879 to 1928

  The Columbia River has historically been a major source of economic activity for the Pacific Northwest, and is one of the more heavily modified rivers in the United States today. Understanding human and ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Estimation of Columbia River Virgin Flow: 1879 to 1928 Author: Naik, Pradeep K., Jay, David A. Year: 2005 The Columbia River has historically been a major source of economic activity for the Pacific Northwest, and is one of the more heavily modified rivers in the United States today. Understanding human and climate-induced changes in its hydrologic properties is, therefore, a topic of considerable interest. Long streamflow records are essential to determining how runoff has changed over time. Daily streamflow records of the Columbia River at The Dalles dates back to June 1978. However, the observed daily flow does not alone provide enough information to understand or separate anthropogenic and climate effects. It is necessary also to have an estimate of virgin flow of the river to provide a historical perspective of water resources development, separate anthropogenic and climate effects, and compare present water use scenarios with those of the past decades. The United State Geological Survey (USGS) has calculated a monthly averaged adjusted river flow at The Dalles for 1879-1999 that accounts for the effects of flow regulation. The Bonneville Power Administration (BPA) has estimated the monthly averaged virgin (or naturalized) flow at The Dalles, i.e., the flow in the absence of both flow regulation and irrigation depletion for 1929-89. We have estimated the monthly virgin flow of the Columbia River at The Dalles from records of irrigated area for the missing years, i.e., for the period 1879-1928. In addition, a filtered version of the daily observed flows were combined with monthly virgin flow corrections to obtain estimates of daily virgin flows with realistic higher moments and spectral properties. Examination of the virgin flow record shows that climate change since late 19th century has caused a decrease of >7% in its annual average flow volume. The decrease in flow due to irrigation diversion during the same period is also ~7%. Broadly speaking, there are three periods of Columbia River flow management. Before 1900, mainstem dams were absent and flow diversions relatively small. Numerous dams were constructed between 1900 and 1970, and irrigation depletion increased 500%. Since about 1970, river flows have been managed on a system-wide basin, effecting significant interannual transfers of flows for the first time. Title: Estimation of Columbia River Virgin Flow: 1879 to 1928 Author: Naik, Pradeep K., Jay, David A. Year: 2005 The Columbia River has historically been a major source of economic activity for the Pacific Northwest, and is one of the more heavily modified rivers in the United States today. Understanding human and climate-induced changes in its hydrologic properties is, therefore, a topic of considerable interest. Long streamflow records are essential to determining how runoff has changed over time. Daily streamflow records of the Columbia River at The Dalles dates back to June 1978. However, the observed daily flow does not alone provide enough information to understand or separate anthropogenic and climate effects. It is necessary also to have an estimate of virgin flow of the river to provide a historical perspective of water resources development, separate anthropogenic and climate effects, and compare present water use scenarios with those of the past decades. The United State Geological Survey (USGS) has calculated a monthly averaged adjusted river flow at The Dalles for 1879-1999 that accounts for the effects of flow regulation. The Bonneville Power Administration (BPA) has estimated the monthly averaged virgin (or naturalized) flow at The Dalles, i.e., the flow in the absence of both flow regulation and irrigation depletion for 1929-89. We have estimated the monthly virgin flow of the Columbia River at The Dalles from records of irrigated area for the missing years, i.e., for the period 1879-1928. In addition, a filtered version of the daily observed flows were combined with monthly virgin flow corrections to obtain estimates of daily virgin flows with realistic higher moments and spectral properties. Examination of the virgin flow record shows that climate change since late 19th century has caused a decrease of >7% in its annual average flow volume. The decrease in flow due to irrigation diversion during the same period is also ~7%. Broadly speaking, there are three periods of Columbia River flow management. Before 1900, mainstem dams were absent and flow diversions relatively small. Numerous dams were constructed between 1900 and 1970, and irrigation depletion increased 500%. Since about 1970, river flows have been managed on a system-wide basin, effecting significant interannual transfers of flows for the first time. Close

• 99. [Article] The use of junior historical fiction in the classroom

  The use of American historical fiction in an eighth grade social studies or language arts class has not been fully explored, so its literary and social science value is questionable. In order to establish ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The use of junior historical fiction in the classroom Author: Pelinka, Darlene Year: 1972 The use of American historical fiction in an eighth grade social studies or language arts class has not been fully explored, so its literary and social science value is questionable. In order to establish its worth and methods for its use, research into desirable 1iterary goals for adolescents, implications and purposes of historical fiction in general and for youth in particular, a bibliography of novels, and an evaluative survey of specific novels written for youth needed to be done. The research indicates that some critics believe that most junior novels have little to offer youth and that they are poorly written. A minority find that they are useful as an example of a literary genre and as a model for the exploration of adolescent problems, frustrations, and decision making alternatives. Opinions on the value of historical fiction also vary. Some writers conclude that it is largely romantic and a reflection of contemporary times in historical dress, while others have indicated that it conveys an emotional and spiritual feeling for an era through its presentation of historical figures and events and student involvement. Many writers on the subject are ambitious when they consider what junior novels and junior historical novels should accomplish. They list a variety of personal, literary, and conceptual goals. They itemize suitable aims for students such as character building, personal problem solving, an understanding of the mechanics of plot and characterization, an understanding of historical events, and the motivations of figures involved in them, a "feeling" for an era, knowledge of our democratic heritage, even an understanding of what history means. This survey and analysis of specific novels chosen from different American historical eras explores the pertinence of these opinions and goals to novels and briefly verifies the historical accuracy. Part Three handles the problem of methods of use and adaptation in the classroom by specifying alternatives for teachers' consideration. The survey determines that junior American historical fiction is useful to study as a literary genre, though imperfect. If it is used, students must be aware of the imperfections; principally shallow character development or inadequate and overly romantic plots. As a model of personal relevance to youth, historical fiction is not outstanding even though nearly half of the novels contain obvious efforts to build character and several have a theme about growing up. The historical value in these novels varies; most are largely romantic with contemporary main characters who cannot control their situations but can control their destinies. Some provide historical data that gives the reader an insight into specific events, historical figures, or the emotional feelings prevalent during an era. The themes in half the novels stress the issues of the times in which they are set. The surveyed novels include examples of political, social, psychological, economic, religious, cultural, and great man interpretations of history. Social and psychological interpretations predominate, and a majority imply that societies rather than people make history. This survey concludes that junior American historical fiction is relevant for classroom use. Teacher familiarity with the novels and his continuing exploration of divergent applications for use by individual students or classes can make them successful, informative, and enhance student interest in history. Title: The use of junior historical fiction in the classroom Author: Pelinka, Darlene Year: 1972 The use of American historical fiction in an eighth grade social studies or language arts class has not been fully explored, so its literary and social science value is questionable. In order to establish its worth and methods for its use, research into desirable 1iterary goals for adolescents, implications and purposes of historical fiction in general and for youth in particular, a bibliography of novels, and an evaluative survey of specific novels written for youth needed to be done. The research indicates that some critics believe that most junior novels have little to offer youth and that they are poorly written. A minority find that they are useful as an example of a literary genre and as a model for the exploration of adolescent problems, frustrations, and decision making alternatives. Opinions on the value of historical fiction also vary. Some writers conclude that it is largely romantic and a reflection of contemporary times in historical dress, while others have indicated that it conveys an emotional and spiritual feeling for an era through its presentation of historical figures and events and student involvement. Many writers on the subject are ambitious when they consider what junior novels and junior historical novels should accomplish. They list a variety of personal, literary, and conceptual goals. They itemize suitable aims for students such as character building, personal problem solving, an understanding of the mechanics of plot and characterization, an understanding of historical events, and the motivations of figures involved in them, a "feeling" for an era, knowledge of our democratic heritage, even an understanding of what history means. This survey and analysis of specific novels chosen from different American historical eras explores the pertinence of these opinions and goals to novels and briefly verifies the historical accuracy. Part Three handles the problem of methods of use and adaptation in the classroom by specifying alternatives for teachers' consideration. The survey determines that junior American historical fiction is useful to study as a literary genre, though imperfect. If it is used, students must be aware of the imperfections; principally shallow character development or inadequate and overly romantic plots. As a model of personal relevance to youth, historical fiction is not outstanding even though nearly half of the novels contain obvious efforts to build character and several have a theme about growing up. The historical value in these novels varies; most are largely romantic with contemporary main characters who cannot control their situations but can control their destinies. Some provide historical data that gives the reader an insight into specific events, historical figures, or the emotional feelings prevalent during an era. The themes in half the novels stress the issues of the times in which they are set. The surveyed novels include examples of political, social, psychological, economic, religious, cultural, and great man interpretations of history. Social and psychological interpretations predominate, and a majority imply that societies rather than people make history. This survey concludes that junior American historical fiction is relevant for classroom use. Teacher familiarity with the novels and his continuing exploration of divergent applications for use by individual students or classes can make them successful, informative, and enhance student interest in history. Close

• 100. [Article] The Impact of Fine Sediment on Stream Macroinvertebrates in Urban and Rural Oregon Streams

  Urbanization, often characterized by high impervious surface area, can result in excessive inputs of fine sediments into urban streams. Excessive fine sediments can blanket the stream bed filling the interstitial ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The Impact of Fine Sediment on Stream Macroinvertebrates in Urban and Rural Oregon Streams Author: Hoy, Raymond S. Year: 2001 Urbanization, often characterized by high impervious surface area, can result in excessive inputs of fine sediments into urban streams. Excessive fine sediments can blanket the stream bed filling the interstitial space in the substratum, which may have adverse effects on stream biota. A field survey was conducted in Oregon urban and non-urban basins to investigate the relationship between fine sediments and stream macroinvertebrates. Physical, chemical, and biological data were collected from 59 stream sites in two urban and two rural streams. The stream sites fulfilled a continuous sediment gradient, which ranged from a low of 2% of fine sediment in the substrate to a high of 64% with an average of 22%. The % fines, in Clear Creek (rural basin) was significantly lower than in the urban basins (Johnson Creek and Tryon Creek) (p=0.005). Johnson Creek (mean=23%) had approximately three times more fine sediment than Clear Creek (mean=7%), while Tryon Creek (mean=32%) had nearly five times as much fine sediment as Clear Creek. EPT taxa richness was significantly higher in both rural streams than in both urban streams (p0.05). For example, regression analysis of EPT taxa richness vs. % fine sediments displayed a coefficient of determination (r2) value of 0.2. Other macro invertebrates metrics displayed similar patterns. The lack of significant correlations may be due to the cumulative effect of basin-wide "historical land use past". Past land use activity may have resulted in long-term reductions of sensitive taxa in the basin taxa pool and efforts to improve local habitats may not be quickly colonized by pollution sensitive taxa. Long-term degradation to the urban streams resulted in a relatively homogenous assemblage of macro invertebrates, which may have confounded the quantitative relationship between sediments and macroinvertebrates. This study suggests there is a clear difference between urban and non-urban streams in terms of macro invertebrates, which may be likely due to sediments, but the quantitative relationship between fine sediments and macro invertebrates is weak. Title: The Impact of Fine Sediment on Stream Macroinvertebrates in Urban and Rural Oregon Streams Author: Hoy, Raymond S. Year: 2001 Urbanization, often characterized by high impervious surface area, can result in excessive inputs of fine sediments into urban streams. Excessive fine sediments can blanket the stream bed filling the interstitial space in the substratum, which may have adverse effects on stream biota. A field survey was conducted in Oregon urban and non-urban basins to investigate the relationship between fine sediments and stream macroinvertebrates. Physical, chemical, and biological data were collected from 59 stream sites in two urban and two rural streams. The stream sites fulfilled a continuous sediment gradient, which ranged from a low of 2% of fine sediment in the substrate to a high of 64% with an average of 22%. The % fines, in Clear Creek (rural basin) was significantly lower than in the urban basins (Johnson Creek and Tryon Creek) (p=0.005). Johnson Creek (mean=23%) had approximately three times more fine sediment than Clear Creek (mean=7%), while Tryon Creek (mean=32%) had nearly five times as much fine sediment as Clear Creek. EPT taxa richness was significantly higher in both rural streams than in both urban streams (p0.05). For example, regression analysis of EPT taxa richness vs. % fine sediments displayed a coefficient of determination (r2) value of 0.2. Other macro invertebrates metrics displayed similar patterns. The lack of significant correlations may be due to the cumulative effect of basin-wide "historical land use past". Past land use activity may have resulted in long-term reductions of sensitive taxa in the basin taxa pool and efforts to improve local habitats may not be quickly colonized by pollution sensitive taxa. Long-term degradation to the urban streams resulted in a relatively homogenous assemblage of macro invertebrates, which may have confounded the quantitative relationship between sediments and macroinvertebrates. This study suggests there is a clear difference between urban and non-urban streams in terms of macro invertebrates, which may be likely due to sediments, but the quantitative relationship between fine sediments and macro invertebrates is weak. Close